PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
20221689-7	2010	ZmBCH1 was able to convert beta-carotene into beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, but ZmBCH2 was able to form beta-cryptoxanthin alone and had a lower overall activity than ZmBCH1.	beta Carotene	27-40	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	0-6
20580698-4	2010	RESULTS: In multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors, serum beta-carotene concentrations were significantly associated with serum HMW adiponectin concentrations in both sexes (standardized beta coefficient=0.197, p=0.036 for men; standardized beta coefficient=0.146, p=0.012 for women).	beta Carotene	88-101	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	162-173
20097535-0	2010	beta-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	beta Carotene	0-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
20097535-0	2010	beta-Carotene accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits the elevation of reactive oxygen species and the suppression of genes related to insulin sensitivity induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-196
20097535-3	2010	In this study, we examined whether accumulation of beta-carotene for 4 d in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes alters the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity.	beta Carotene	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
20097535-3	2010	In this study, we examined whether accumulation of beta-carotene for 4 d in insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes alters the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity.	beta Carotene	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
20097535-7	2010	RESULT: beta-Carotene treatment at a concentration of 20 muM, but not 10 muM, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation for 4 d enhanced the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin, adipocyte lipid-binding protein, glucose transporter-4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, and adiponectin protein in the medium.	beta Carotene	8-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	174-181
20097535-7	2010	RESULT: beta-Carotene treatment at a concentration of 20 muM, but not 10 muM, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation for 4 d enhanced the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin, adipocyte lipid-binding protein, glucose transporter-4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, and adiponectin protein in the medium.	beta Carotene	8-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	205-216
20097535-7	2010	RESULT: beta-Carotene treatment at a concentration of 20 muM, but not 10 muM, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation for 4 d enhanced the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin, adipocyte lipid-binding protein, glucose transporter-4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, and adiponectin protein in the medium.	beta Carotene	8-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	251-323
20097535-7	2010	RESULT: beta-Carotene treatment at a concentration of 20 muM, but not 10 muM, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during differentiation for 4 d enhanced the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity, including adiponectin, adipocyte lipid-binding protein, glucose transporter-4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, and adiponectin protein in the medium.	beta Carotene	8-21	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	329-340
20097535-10	2010	CONCLUSION: The accumulation of the beta-carotene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes restores the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity and reactive oxygen species levels in insulin-resistant adipocytes.	beta Carotene	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
20097535-10	2010	CONCLUSION: The accumulation of the beta-carotene in 3T3-L1 adipocytes restores the expression of genes related to insulin sensitivity and reactive oxygen species levels in insulin-resistant adipocytes.	beta Carotene	36-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
20580698-5	2010	Serum alpha-carotene and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in men.	beta Carotene	25-38	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	95-113
20580698-5	2010	Serum alpha-carotene and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly associated with serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in men.	beta Carotene	25-38	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	115-118
20580698-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Serum beta-carotene concentrations were positively associated with serum HMW adiponectin concentrations even after adjustment for possible confounding factors including inflammatory markers.	beta Carotene	18-31	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	89-100
20681644-7	2010	Oral administration of capsaicin with beta-carotene, both at 5 mg/kg/day for 7 days, increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in cultured PP cells costimulated with Con A.	beta Carotene	38-51	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	95-104
20573961-3	2010	For retinoid production, beta,beta-carotene is converted to retinaldehyde by beta,beta-carotene monooxygenase 1 (Bcmo1).	beta Carotene	25-43	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	77-111
20573961-3	2010	For retinoid production, beta,beta-carotene is converted to retinaldehyde by beta,beta-carotene monooxygenase 1 (Bcmo1).	beta Carotene	25-43	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	113-118
20573961-10	2010	Accordingly, gavage of beta,beta-carotene but not all-trans-retinol induced retinoid signaling and decreased Ppar gamma expression in white adipose tissue of vitamin A-deficient mice.	beta Carotene	28-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	109-119
20431935-6	2010	The protective effect of the mutant allele of the COX-2 polymorphism was more pronounced among subjects with high plasma levels of beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, beta-carotene, or selenium (>or=median) [e.g., OR (95% CI): 0.37 (0.15, 0.86) (AG/GG vs. AA) for beta-cryptoxanthin].	beta Carotene	161-174	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	50-55
20431935-7	2010	Conversely, the promoting effect of the variant allele of the IL-8 polymorphism was more remarkable in subjects with low plasma levels of Lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, and beta-carotene (<median) [e.g., OR (95% CI): 2.44 (1.08, 5.75) (AT/TT vs. AA) for beta-carotene].	beta Carotene	181-194	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-66
20431935-7	2010	Conversely, the promoting effect of the variant allele of the IL-8 polymorphism was more remarkable in subjects with low plasma levels of Lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, and beta-carotene (<median) [e.g., OR (95% CI): 2.44 (1.08, 5.75) (AT/TT vs. AA) for beta-carotene].	beta Carotene	265-278	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-66
20698054-2	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between vitamin C, vitamin E, folate and beta-carotene from diet and supplements and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer subtypes defined by histology (ductal/lobular), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) status.	beta Carotene	99-112	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	247-249
20698054-2	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between vitamin C, vitamin E, folate and beta-carotene from diet and supplements and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer subtypes defined by histology (ductal/lobular), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) status.	beta Carotene	99-112	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	255-276
20698054-2	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between vitamin C, vitamin E, folate and beta-carotene from diet and supplements and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer subtypes defined by histology (ductal/lobular), estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PGR) status.	beta Carotene	99-112	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	278-281
20815770-2	2010	beta-Carotene bleaching assay showed that super-highly hydroxylated fullerene (SHH-F; C(60) (OH)(44)) exerted higher antioxidant ability than highly hydroxylated fullerene (HH-F; C(60) (OH)(32-34)) or lowly hydroxylated fullerene (LH-F; C(60) (OH)(6-12)).	beta Carotene	0-13	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	79-82
20681644-7	2010	Oral administration of capsaicin with beta-carotene, both at 5 mg/kg/day for 7 days, increased IFN-gamma and IL-2 production in cultured PP cells costimulated with Con A.	beta Carotene	38-51	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	109-113
20061533-5	2010	BCMO1 acts downstream of SR-BI and converts absorbed beta,beta-carotene to the retinoic acid precursor, retinaldehyde.	beta Carotene	53-71	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
20460582-2	2010	The reaction is catalyzed by lycopene beta-cyclase (LCY-B), which converts lycopene into beta-carotene, and by capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (CCS), which is mainly dedicated to the synthesis of kappa-cyclic carotenoids (capsanthin and capsorubin) but also has LCY-B activity.	beta Carotene	89-102	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic	Capsicum annuum	52-57
19968649-4	2010	Association analysis showed significant differences in subcutaneous fat colour and beta-carotene concentration amongst cattle with different BCO2 genotypes.	beta Carotene	83-96	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	141-145
19968649-5	2010	Animals with the BCO2 AA genotype had more yellow beef fat and a higher beta-carotene concentration in adipose tissues than those with the GA or GG genotype.	beta Carotene	72-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	17-21
20372966-0	2010	Knockout of the Bcmo1 gene results in an inflammatory response in female lung, which is suppressed by dietary beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	110-123	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	16-21
20372966-1	2010	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 knockout (Bcmo1 (-/-)) mice accumulate beta-carotene (BC) similarly to humans, whereas wild-type (Bcmo1 (+/+)) mice efficiently cleave BC.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	47-52
20372966-7	2010	This suggests that effects of BC may depend on inter-individual variations in BC-metabolizing enzymes, such as the frequently occurring human polymorphisms in BCMO1.	beta Carotene	30-32	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
20372966-7	2010	This suggests that effects of BC may depend on inter-individual variations in BC-metabolizing enzymes, such as the frequently occurring human polymorphisms in BCMO1.	beta Carotene	78-80	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
20061533-0	2010	ISX is a retinoic acid-sensitive gatekeeper that controls intestinal beta,beta-carotene absorption and vitamin A production.	beta Carotene	74-87	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	0-3
20472610-0	2010	Downregulation of Fzd6 and Cthrc1 and upregulation of olfactory receptors and protocadherins by dietary beta-carotene in lungs of Bcmo1-/- mice.	beta Carotene	104-117	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	130-135
20472610-4	2010	As expected, BC supplementation resulted in a higher BC accumulation in lungs of Bcmo1(-/-) mice than in lungs of Bcmo1(+/+) mice.	beta Carotene	13-15	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	81-86
20472610-4	2010	As expected, BC supplementation resulted in a higher BC accumulation in lungs of Bcmo1(-/-) mice than in lungs of Bcmo1(+/+) mice.	beta Carotene	53-55	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	81-86
20472610-5	2010	Whole mouse genome transcriptome analysis on lung tissue revealed that more genes were regulated in Bcmo1(-/-) mice than Bcmo1(+/+) mice upon BC supplementation.	beta Carotene	142-144	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	100-105
20472610-5	2010	Whole mouse genome transcriptome analysis on lung tissue revealed that more genes were regulated in Bcmo1(-/-) mice than Bcmo1(+/+) mice upon BC supplementation.	beta Carotene	142-144	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	121-126
20472610-8	2010	Since both olfactory receptors and protocadherins have an important function in sensory nerves and Fzd6 and Cthrc1 are important in stem cell development, we hypothesize that BC might have an effect on the highly innervated pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC) cluster.	beta Carotene	175-177	frizzled class receptor 6	Mus musculus	99-103
20472610-8	2010	Since both olfactory receptors and protocadherins have an important function in sensory nerves and Fzd6 and Cthrc1 are important in stem cell development, we hypothesize that BC might have an effect on the highly innervated pulmonary neuroendocrine cell (PNEC) cluster.	beta Carotene	175-177	collagen triple helix repeat containing 1	Mus musculus	108-114
20460582-7	2010	Substitutions of alanine, lysine, and arginine for glutamate-295 in the conserved 293-FLEET-297 motif of pepper CCS or LCY-B abolish the formation of beta-carotene and kappa-cyclic carotenoids.	beta Carotene	150-163	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic	Capsicum annuum	119-124
20460582-8	2010	We also found that mutations of the equivalent glutamate-196 located in the 194-LIEDT-198 domain of structurally divergent bacterial LCY-B abolish the formation of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	164-177	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic	Capsicum annuum	133-138
20484175-4	2010	In normal-appearing bronchial epithelium, positive staining for cyclin D1 was observed in 23% of cases in the beta-carotene group and 0% of cases in the placebo group (based on only 3 of 13 versus 0 of 11 cases staining positively, however; P = 0.04), with no differences in expression noted in lung tumor tissue (P = 0.48).	beta Carotene	110-123	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	64-73
20061533-5	2010	BCMO1 acts downstream of SR-BI and converts absorbed beta,beta-carotene to the retinoic acid precursor, retinaldehyde.	beta Carotene	53-71	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	25-30
20061533-6	2010	Using BCMO1-knockout mice, we demonstrated increased intestinal SR-BI expression and systemic beta,beta-carotene accumulation.	beta Carotene	99-112	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	6-11
20061533-7	2010	SR-BI-dependent accumulation of beta,beta-carotene was prevented by dietary retinoids that induced ISX expression.	beta Carotene	37-50	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
20061533-7	2010	SR-BI-dependent accumulation of beta,beta-carotene was prevented by dietary retinoids that induced ISX expression.	beta Carotene	37-50	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	99-102
20448084-7	2010	In the beta-carotene + MTX-treated group, AST and ALT values significantly decreased, while all other parameters were similar to the control group.	beta Carotene	7-20	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
19957244-7	2010	1 muM beta-carotene decreased oxidative stress and prevented ethanol-induced cell death by inhibiting caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression.	beta Carotene	6-19	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	102-111
19957244-7	2010	1 muM beta-carotene decreased oxidative stress and prevented ethanol-induced cell death by inhibiting caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression.	beta Carotene	6-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
19639378-15	2010	Genistein exerts its effect, at least partly, by increasing caspase-3 activity; whereas beta-carotene may enhance TSA-induced cell death mainly through a caspase-3-independent pathway.	beta Carotene	88-101	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	154-163
20116235-5	2010	However, dietary alpha-carotene and beta-carotene were inversely associated with the risk of ER-PR-breast cancer among ever smokers.	beta Carotene	36-49	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	96-98
20305664-0	2010	Rare genetic variation at Zea mays crtRB1 increases beta-carotene in maize grain.	beta Carotene	52-65	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	35-41
20305664-2	2010	Experimental evidence from association and linkage populations in maize (Zea mays L.) demonstrate that the gene encoding beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (crtRB1) underlies a principal quantitative trait locus associated with beta-carotene concentration and conversion in maize kernels.	beta Carotene	121-134	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	150-156
20305664-3	2010	crtRB1 alleles associated with reduced transcript expression correlate with higher beta-carotene concentrations.	beta Carotene	83-96	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	0-6
20404052-1	2010	beta-Carotene oxygenase 2 cleaves beta-carotene asymmetrically at non-central double bonds of the polyene chain, yielding apocarotenal molecules.	beta Carotene	34-47	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	0-25
20070836-5	2010	JNK was activated in irradiated cells and this could be antagonized by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	71-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
19939422-4	2010	We further investigated functional roles of both hydroxylase classes in modification of the beta- and epsilon-rings of alpha-carotene and beta-carotene through over-expression of AtB1, CYP97A3, CYP97C1, and the hydroxylase candidate CYP97B3.	beta Carotene	138-151	beta-hydroxylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	179-183
19822030-10	2009	We concluded that apricot feeding had beneficial effects on CCl4-induced liver steatosis and damage probably due to its antioxidant nutrient (beta-carotene and vitamin) contents and high radical-scavenging capacity.	beta Carotene	142-155	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
20003456-9	2009	Our ab initio model of BCMO1 with beta-carotene mounted supports a mechanism involving cation-pi stabilization by Y235 and Y326.	beta Carotene	34-47	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	23-28
19796219-12	2009	In addition, beta-carotene intake was negatively associated with total IgE levels (P = 0.002).	beta Carotene	13-26	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	71-74
19796219-15	2009	CONCLUSION: Increased beta-carotene intake was associated with a reduced risk of allergic sensitization and lower IgE levels, in 5- and 8-year-old children.	beta Carotene	22-35	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	114-117
20553078-9	2009	Moreover, serum IGF-I levels were significantly higher in highest quartile of serum provitamin A, such as a-carotene, b-carotene, and b-cryptoxanthin, among women.	beta Carotene	84-96	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
20553078-9	2009	Moreover, serum IGF-I levels were significantly higher in highest quartile of serum provitamin A, such as a-carotene, b-carotene, and b-cryptoxanthin, among women.	beta Carotene	118-128	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
21054873-14	2010	[beta-carotene] showed marginal differences between DCIS (19.00 muM +- 6.93(MAD), and FG (15.30 muM +- 5.64(MAD)).	beta Carotene	1-14	latexin	Homo sapiens	64-67
21054873-14	2010	[beta-carotene] showed marginal differences between DCIS (19.00 muM +- 6.93(MAD), and FG (15.30 muM +- 5.64(MAD)).	beta Carotene	1-14	latexin	Homo sapiens	96-99
20516658-0	2010	Differential effects of low-dose and high-dose beta-carotene supplementation on the signs of photoaging and type I procollagen gene expression in human skin in vivo.	beta Carotene	47-60	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	108-126
19631020-5	2009	BC supplementation resulted in higher body weight (the high dose), induced depot- and dose-dependent hypertrophy of white adipocytes, decreased the amount of brown-like multilocular adipocytes in the retroperitoneal depot and decreased UCP1 content in different fat depots.	beta Carotene	0-2	mitochondrial brown fat uncoupling protein 1	Mustela putorius furo	236-240
19886649-1	2009	Chain-breaking reactions against lipid peroxidation performed by carotenes, including beta-carotene (beta-CAR) and lycopene (LYC), have been studied using density functional theory.	beta Carotene	86-99	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
20065496-0	2009	DNA methylation, induced by beta-carotene and arachidonic acid, plays a regulatory role in the pro-angiogenic VEGF-receptor (KDR) gene expression in endothelial cells.	beta Carotene	28-41	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	125-128
19801484-4	2009	Overexpression of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase from S. cerevisiae (the BTS1 gene product) increased the intracellular beta-carotene levels due to the accelerated conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate to GGPP.	beta Carotene	134-147	farnesyltranstransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-91
19662379-3	2009	METHODS: We used a common polymorphism (rs6564851) near the BCMO1 gene, which is strongly associated with circulating beta-carotene levels (p = 2 x 10(-24)), with each G allele associated with a 0.27 standard deviation increase in levels.	beta Carotene	118-131	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
19706356-10	2009	Decreased CIN1 risk in association with the MnSOD rs4880 variant genotype was also observed particularly for subjects with higher beta-carotene and gamma-tocopherol levels.	beta Carotene	130-143	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
19760679-5	2009	Conversely, accumulation of beta-carotene was negatively correlated with the transcription of immune-active molecules, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, in cells stimulated by LPS and INF-gamma.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	127-135
19760679-5	2009	Conversely, accumulation of beta-carotene was negatively correlated with the transcription of immune-active molecules, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, in cells stimulated by LPS and INF-gamma.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	137-141
19760679-5	2009	Conversely, accumulation of beta-carotene was negatively correlated with the transcription of immune-active molecules, such as IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, in cells stimulated by LPS and INF-gamma.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	147-156
19760679-6	2009	The transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 was more sensitive to the accumulation of beta-carotene than was IL-12 p40.	beta Carotene	112-125	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	52-60
19760679-6	2009	The transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 was more sensitive to the accumulation of beta-carotene than was IL-12 p40.	beta Carotene	112-125	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	65-69
19700409-4	2009	Fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene significantly inhibited the antigen-induced release of beta-hexosaminidase in rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.	beta Carotene	42-55	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	111-130
32688665-4	2009	Retinal, a beta-carotene derivative that is the chromophore of rhodopsin, acts not only as a sensory pigment, but also as an ion-pumping photochemical transducer.	beta Carotene	11-24	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	63-72
19557453-5	2009	The utilisation of BCMO1(-/-)mice should provide insights on beta-carotene effect on its own in the future.	beta Carotene	61-74	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	19-24
19637186-4	2009	The chronic alcohol diet significantly increased AST and ALT levels in plasma, and these changes were prevented by supplementing the diet with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	143-156	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
19397682-9	2009	Search of the Trichodesmium genome identified protein sequences homologous to key enzymes in the beta-carotene to retinyl palmitate biosynthetic pathway, including 33-37% identity to lecithin retinol acyltransferase.	beta Carotene	97-110	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	183-215
19398771-5	2009	We discovered a QTL for milk beta-carotene and subsequently identified a premature stop codon in bovine beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2), which also affects serum beta-carotene content.	beta Carotene	29-42	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	104-129
19398771-5	2009	We discovered a QTL for milk beta-carotene and subsequently identified a premature stop codon in bovine beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2), which also affects serum beta-carotene content.	beta Carotene	29-42	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	131-135
19398771-5	2009	We discovered a QTL for milk beta-carotene and subsequently identified a premature stop codon in bovine beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2), which also affects serum beta-carotene content.	beta Carotene	104-117	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	131-135
19398771-6	2009	The BCO2 enzyme is thereby identified as a key regulator of beta-carotene metabolism.	beta Carotene	60-73	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	4-8
19452524-8	2009	This was especially true for TP53 transversion mutations and dietary antioxidants (OR for beta-carotene 0.51 95% CI 0.27, 0.97, p trend 0.03; alpha-tocopherol 0.41 95% CI 0.20, 0.84, p trend 0.02) Beta-carotene and ibuprofen significantly altered risk of KRAS2 tumors.	beta Carotene	90-103	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	29-33
19452524-8	2009	This was especially true for TP53 transversion mutations and dietary antioxidants (OR for beta-carotene 0.51 95% CI 0.27, 0.97, p trend 0.03; alpha-tocopherol 0.41 95% CI 0.20, 0.84, p trend 0.02) Beta-carotene and ibuprofen significantly altered risk of KRAS2 tumors.	beta Carotene	197-210	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	29-33
19665150-6	2009	This has been demonstrated for TSP3, encoding the carotene oxygenase involved in sexually induced cleavage of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	110-123	thrombospondin 3	Homo sapiens	31-35
19723050-0	2009	Mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells: involvement of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated.	beta Carotene	13-26	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	85-114
19723050-4	2009	In the present study, we investigated whether a high concentration of beta-carotene induces apoptosis of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells and whether ATM is involved in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of AGS cells.	beta Carotene	171-184	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-155
19723050-5	2009	We found that beta-carotene (100 micromol/L) induced apoptosis (determined by cell viability), DNA fragmentation, and the protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	14-27	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	140-143
19723050-5	2009	We found that beta-carotene (100 micromol/L) induced apoptosis (determined by cell viability), DNA fragmentation, and the protein levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	14-27	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	148-153
19723050-6	2009	ATM levels in the nucleus decreased from beta-carotene in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	41-54	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
19723050-7	2009	beta-Carotene-induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA).	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	82-85
19723050-7	2009	beta-Carotene-induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA).	beta Carotene	0-13	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	119-122
19723050-7	2009	beta-Carotene-induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA).	beta Carotene	0-13	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	136-141
19723050-7	2009	beta-Carotene-induced alterations, including an increase in DNA fragmentation and p53 levels and a decrease in nuclear ATM and cellular Bcl-2 levels, were inhibited in the cells transfected with full-length ATM cDNA compared to wild-type cells or the cells transfected with control vector plasmid control DNA vector (pcDNA).	beta Carotene	0-13	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	207-210
19723050-8	2009	In conclusion, beta-carotene induces apoptosis by increasing apoptotic protein p53 and decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as well as nuclear ATM in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	79-82
19723050-8	2009	In conclusion, beta-carotene induces apoptosis by increasing apoptotic protein p53 and decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as well as nuclear ATM in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	113-118
19723050-8	2009	In conclusion, beta-carotene induces apoptosis by increasing apoptotic protein p53 and decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 as well as nuclear ATM in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	138-141
19723050-9	2009	Nuclear loss of ATM may be the underlying mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.	beta Carotene	55-68	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	16-19
19135038-6	2009	Our results showed that preincubation with 20 microM beta-carotene significantly enhanced the release of two pro-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in PMA-stimulated HL-60 cells and slightly increased the DNA-damaging ability of these cells.	beta Carotene	53-66	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	137-182
19384236-7	2009	Among participants with CIMT> or =0.8 mm, body mass index, blood pressures, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were significantly higher, whereas concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, lycopene, and beta-carotene were all significantly lower when compared with participants who did not show evidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.001).	beta Carotene	265-278	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	165-175
19420723-4	2009	Me(2)S(4) combined with beta-carotene and assisted by UVA significantly inhibited the cell viability, and enhanced the caspase-3 activity which was completely inhibited by N-acety-L-cysteine.	beta Carotene	24-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	119-128
19420723-7	2009	These results suggest that the ROS- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by beta-carotene and Me(2)S(4) assisted by UVA was due to a synergistic action rather than to the sole effect of the photodegradation products of beta-carotene in HL-60 cells.	beta Carotene	81-94	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	40-49
19420723-7	2009	These results suggest that the ROS- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced by beta-carotene and Me(2)S(4) assisted by UVA was due to a synergistic action rather than to the sole effect of the photodegradation products of beta-carotene in HL-60 cells.	beta Carotene	224-237	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	40-49
18656335-2	2009	This study attempted to elucidate the role of peroxidized cholesterol including cholesterol hydroperoxides (Chol-OOHs), primary products of lipid peroxidation in biomembranes, in MMP-9 activation and the effect of dietary beta-carotene in MMP-9 activation.	beta Carotene	222-235	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	179-184
19254833-7	2009	RESULTS: beta-Carotene increased lung tumour multiplicity, lung tumour size, blood cell cAMP, serum and lung levels of retinoids and induced p-CREB and p-ERK1/2 in lung tumours.	beta Carotene	9-22	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
19254833-7	2009	RESULTS: beta-Carotene increased lung tumour multiplicity, lung tumour size, blood cell cAMP, serum and lung levels of retinoids and induced p-CREB and p-ERK1/2 in lung tumours.	beta Carotene	9-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	154-160
18656335-7	2009	Adding beta-carotene to the diet of the mice during the period of irradiation suppressed the activity and expression of MMP-9 as well as the wrinkling and sagging formation.	beta Carotene	7-20	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	120-125
18656335-10	2009	Dietary beta-carotene prevents the expression of MMP-9, at least partly, by inhibiting photodynamic action involved in the formation of Chol-OOHs.	beta Carotene	8-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	49-54
19651793-8	2009	The data showed that beta-carotene downregulated the induction of TNFalpha, MIP2, iNOS, and HO-1 in response to O3.	beta Carotene	21-34	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-74
19721904-10	2009	Among the patients who presented lower concentrations of CRP it was found higher beta-carotene inadequacy (64.8%) and 50% of retinol inadequacy.	beta Carotene	81-94	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	57-60
19651802-2	2009	In this study, we compared the effects of two dietary antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and beta-carotene (beta-C) against tert-butyl hydroperxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative stress in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.	beta Carotene	99-112	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	114-120
19651793-8	2009	The data showed that beta-carotene downregulated the induction of TNFalpha, MIP2, iNOS, and HO-1 in response to O3.	beta Carotene	21-34	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	76-80
19651793-8	2009	The data showed that beta-carotene downregulated the induction of TNFalpha, MIP2, iNOS, and HO-1 in response to O3.	beta Carotene	21-34	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	82-86
19651793-8	2009	The data showed that beta-carotene downregulated the induction of TNFalpha, MIP2, iNOS, and HO-1 in response to O3.	beta Carotene	21-34	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	92-96
19103647-1	2009	The key enzyme responsible for beta-carotene conversion into retinal is beta-carotene 15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	31-44	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
19249142-0	2009	Possible protective effect of serum beta-carotene levels on the association between interleukin-1B C-31T polymorphism and hypertension in a Japanese population.	beta Carotene	36-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	84-98
19249142-3	2009	We investigated the effect of serum beta-carotene levels on the association between the interleukin-1beta (IL-1B) C-31T polymorphism and hypertension.	beta Carotene	36-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	88-105
19249142-3	2009	We investigated the effect of serum beta-carotene levels on the association between the interleukin-1beta (IL-1B) C-31T polymorphism and hypertension.	beta Carotene	36-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	107-112
19249142-10	2009	CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the IL-1B C-31T polymorphism is associated with hypertension, and that this association is modulated by serum beta-carotene levels.	beta Carotene	147-160	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	41-46
19103647-1	2009	The key enzyme responsible for beta-carotene conversion into retinal is beta-carotene 15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	72-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
19103647-2	2009	Since it has been reported that the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A is highly variable in up to 45% of healthy individuals, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in the BCMO1 gene could contribute to the occurrence of the poor converter phenotype.	beta Carotene	50-63	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
19142877-5	2009	RESULTS: The positivity for total p53, RARbeta, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive beta-carotene than those who were assigned to receive beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	151-164	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	34-37
19276889-8	2009	However, identification of novel functional SNPs in BCMO1, the critical enzyme of beta-carotene metabolism, and in several key selenoproteins indicates the potential importance of micronutrient-gene interactions.	beta Carotene	82-95	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
19287967-8	2009	beta-carotene significantly inhibited proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by Galphas-mediated signaling involving adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, PKA and ERK1/2.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	75-81
19287967-8	2009	beta-carotene significantly inhibited proliferation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by Galphas-mediated signaling involving adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, PKA and ERK1/2.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	154-160
18662427-6	2009	Plasma gamma-tocopherol, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly different (P < 0.05) in subjects who carried different SNP variants in hepatic lipase.	beta Carotene	44-57	lipase C, hepatic type	Homo sapiens	166-180
19142877-6	2009	There was a borderline significant difference in CYP1A1 positivity with an OR of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.1; P = .06) in a comparison of men who received beta-carotene and men who received beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	165-178	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
19142877-6	2009	There was a borderline significant difference in CYP1A1 positivity with an OR of 0.2 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.1; P = .06) in a comparison of men who received beta-carotene and men who received beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	200-213	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
19142877-5	2009	RESULTS: The positivity for total p53, RARbeta, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive beta-carotene than those who were assigned to receive beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	151-164	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	39-46
19142877-5	2009	RESULTS: The positivity for total p53, RARbeta, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive beta-carotene than those who were assigned to receive beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	151-164	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	48-57
19142877-5	2009	RESULTS: The positivity for total p53, RARbeta, cyclin D1, and PCNA was nonsignificantly lower among lung cancer patients who were assigned to receive beta-carotene than those who were assigned to receive beta-carotene placebo.	beta Carotene	151-164	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	63-67
19386012-0	2009	Beta-carotene is incorporated or mobilized along with triglycerides in bovine adipose tissue in response to insulin or epinephrine.	beta Carotene	0-13	insulin	Bos taurus	108-115
19248856-9	2009	Serum interleukin-6 was inversely associated with intakes of legumes, vegetables, beta carotene, and vitamin C.	beta Carotene	82-95	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	6-19
19166317-3	2009	The C-40 carotenoids beta-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein, and neoxanthin were positively identified in boronia flowers using known standards, UV-vis spectra, and mass spectrometry.	beta Carotene	21-34	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 11	Homo sapiens	4-8
19386012-8	2009	Explants from six animals were incubated with either hormone and 0 or 20 microm beta-C for 20 h. Both TG and beta-C contents were affected positively by insulin and negatively by epinephrine.	beta Carotene	109-115	insulin	Bos taurus	153-160
18985315-7	2009	Moreover, lower serum beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were independently associated with impaired insulin sensitivity (p < 0.001), but not with early insulin response, in a subsample of non-diabetic individuals 20 years later.	beta Carotene	22-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
20067883-5	2009	The aim of the study was to determine the effects of vitamin A family compounds (retinol, beta-carotene, lycopene, all-trans -, 9-cis - and 13-cis retinoic acid) on the growth and proliferation of CRL-11731 endometrioid ovary cancer cell line and on docetaxel and estradiol activity in this culture.	beta Carotene	90-103	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	197-200
20067883-15	2009	beta-carotene, lycopene and all-trans retinoic acid alone and in combination with docetaxel were found to influence the expression of bcl-2 and p53 antigen in the cells examined.	beta Carotene	0-13	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	134-139
20067883-15	2009	beta-carotene, lycopene and all-trans retinoic acid alone and in combination with docetaxel were found to influence the expression of bcl-2 and p53 antigen in the cells examined.	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	144-147
19345674-5	2009	The formation of atheronals by the MPO-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system was inhibited by an inhibitor of MPO and scavengers of reactive oxygen species such as sodium azide, methionine, beta-carotene, and vinylbenzoic acid.	beta Carotene	174-187	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	35-38
19345674-5	2009	The formation of atheronals by the MPO-H(2)O(2)-Cl(-) system was inhibited by an inhibitor of MPO and scavengers of reactive oxygen species such as sodium azide, methionine, beta-carotene, and vinylbenzoic acid.	beta Carotene	174-187	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	94-97
18985315-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Serum concentrations and dietary intakes of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol independently predicted insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes incidence during 27 years of follow-up in a community-based study of men.	beta Carotene	72-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
18635524-0	2008	The sensitivity to beta-carotene growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects is regulated by caveolin-1 expression in human colon and prostate cancer cells.	beta Carotene	19-32	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	92-102
18635524-5	2008	Silencing of c-Myc attenuated beta-carotene-induced apoptosis and beta-catenin expression.	beta Carotene	30-43	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	13-18
18635524-6	2008	All together, these data suggest that the modulation of cav-1 pathway by beta-carotene could be a novel mechanism by which the carotenoid acts as a potent growth-inhibitory agent in cancer cells.	beta Carotene	73-86	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
18295589-2	2008	Retinoids are derived from dietary provitamin A carotenoids, like beta-carotene, through the actions of beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	35-47	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	104-138
18806102-9	2008	Moreover, by administrating Dunaliella powder containing different levels of 9-cis and all-trans beta-carotene isomers, we found that the effect on plasma cholesterol concentration and atherogenesis is 9-cis-dependent.	beta Carotene	97-110	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	202-207
18620044-0	2008	The non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression through redox-based regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/PTEN/Akt and NF-kappaB-inducing kinase pathways: role of H(2)O(2) in NF-kappaB activation.	beta Carotene	8-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	50-59
18620044-3	2008	We found that the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, decreased intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation by scavenging superoxide and H(2)O(2) and the NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory genes, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.	beta Carotene	22-34	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	147-156
18620044-3	2008	We found that the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, decreased intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation by scavenging superoxide and H(2)O(2) and the NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory genes, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.	beta Carotene	22-34	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	187-191
18620044-3	2008	We found that the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, decreased intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation by scavenging superoxide and H(2)O(2) and the NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory genes, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.	beta Carotene	22-34	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	193-202
18620044-3	2008	We found that the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, decreased intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation by scavenging superoxide and H(2)O(2) and the NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory genes, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.	beta Carotene	22-34	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	204-212
18620044-3	2008	We found that the non-provitamin A carotenoid, lutein, decreased intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation by scavenging superoxide and H(2)O(2) and the NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory genes, iNOS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and cyclooxygenase-2, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages.	beta Carotene	22-34	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	218-234
18332046-6	2008	ERCC1 expression was positively correlated with plasma levels of beta-carotene (P = 0.03) and negatively correlated with canthaxanthin (P = 0.02) and lutein (P = 0.02).	beta Carotene	65-78	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
18424859-0	2008	Xanthophylls are preferentially taken up compared with beta-carotene by retinal cells via a SRBI-dependent mechanism.	beta Carotene	55-68	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
18424859-1	2008	The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which carotenoids [xanthophylls vs. beta-carotene(beta-C)] are taken up by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.	beta Carotene	99-112	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	113-119
18812639-9	2008	CD34 expressed by oval cells was detected up to the 5(th) week of beta-carotene and ASX absence in the medium.	beta Carotene	66-79	CD34 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19022959-1	2008	15,15"-carotenoid monooxygenase (CMO I) is generally recognized as the central carotenoid cleavage enzyme responsible for converting provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, while having little affinity for nonprovitamin A carotenoids, such as lycopene.	beta Carotene	133-145	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-38
19022959-5	2008	CMO I KO mice fed beta-carotene (betaC-KO) had significantly lower hepatic vitamin A concentrations (17% of WT mice fed beta-carotene [betaC-WT]).	beta Carotene	18-31	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
19022959-5	2008	CMO I KO mice fed beta-carotene (betaC-KO) had significantly lower hepatic vitamin A concentrations (17% of WT mice fed beta-carotene [betaC-WT]).	beta Carotene	120-133	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
18641187-1	2008	Cholesterol membrane transporters scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and (cluster determinant 36) are involved in intestinal uptake of lutein and beta-carotene, 2 of the 3 main carotenoids of the human diet.	beta Carotene	153-166	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	34-67
18641187-1	2008	Cholesterol membrane transporters scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and (cluster determinant 36) are involved in intestinal uptake of lutein and beta-carotene, 2 of the 3 main carotenoids of the human diet.	beta Carotene	153-166	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
18641187-1	2008	Cholesterol membrane transporters scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and (cluster determinant 36) are involved in intestinal uptake of lutein and beta-carotene, 2 of the 3 main carotenoids of the human diet.	beta Carotene	153-166	CD36 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-103
18558344-5	2008	The transformants showed increase in the content of various isoprenoids such as chlorophyll a, beta-carotene, lutein, antheraxanthin, solanesol and beta-sitosterol, indicating that the DXR reaction is one of the key steps controlling isoprenoid level in tobacco leaves.	beta Carotene	95-108	1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, chloroplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	185-188
17651958-8	2008	On the other hand, although no evident signals of pulmonary carcinogenesis were observed in animals exposed to BP, BC supplementation in these animals may prevent against excess cell proliferation, since this reestablishes Jun protein and cyclin D1 mRNA levels in the lung of BP-exposed animals.	beta Carotene	115-117	G1/S-specific cyclin-D1	Mustela putorius furo	239-248
18295589-2	2008	Retinoids are derived from dietary provitamin A carotenoids, like beta-carotene, through the actions of beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	35-47	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	140-145
18295589-2	2008	Retinoids are derived from dietary provitamin A carotenoids, like beta-carotene, through the actions of beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	66-79	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	104-138
18295589-2	2008	Retinoids are derived from dietary provitamin A carotenoids, like beta-carotene, through the actions of beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	66-79	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	140-145
18295589-6	2008	Studies of mice lacking BCMO1 demonstrate that BCMO1 is responsible for metabolically limiting the amount of intact beta-carotene that can be absorbed by mice from their diet.	beta Carotene	116-129	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	24-29
18295589-6	2008	Studies of mice lacking BCMO1 demonstrate that BCMO1 is responsible for metabolically limiting the amount of intact beta-carotene that can be absorbed by mice from their diet.	beta Carotene	116-129	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	47-52
18068127-7	2008	Interestingly, one specific asymmetric beta-carotene cleavage product, apo-14"-carotenal, can also inhibit PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha responses.	beta Carotene	39-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	107-117
17999153-2	2008	We sought to examine the hypothesis that genotypes correlated with low IL-10 production may be associated with increased prostate cancer risk among Finnish male participants from the Alpha-tocopherol Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study.	beta Carotene	200-213	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	71-76
18326756-13	2008	Western blot analysis showed that exposure to light induced a strong upregulation of FGF2 in control and beta-carotene-treated rats, but s no change was noted in saffron-treated rats.	beta Carotene	105-118	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
18004512-1	2008	In animals, beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO) is the key enzyme involved in the metabolism of plant beta-carotene to retinal.	beta Carotene	12-25	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
18004512-2	2008	In the present study, we utilized beta-carotene-producing Escherichia coli to screen for mutants with higher BCMO activity which was monitored by color changes derived from beta-carotene cleavage.	beta Carotene	34-47	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
18004512-2	2008	In the present study, we utilized beta-carotene-producing Escherichia coli to screen for mutants with higher BCMO activity which was monitored by color changes derived from beta-carotene cleavage.	beta Carotene	173-186	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
18004512-5	2008	Further BCMO function in mammalian cells was analyzed by a retinoic acid receptor reporter assay, which responds to the metabolic conversion of beta-carotene to retinoic acid in vivo.	beta Carotene	144-157	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
18004512-6	2008	Overall, these tools can be used to screen more active BCMO for the industrial and pharmacological purpose of retinal production from beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	134-147	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
18287363-4	2008	Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased gradually in tumor-injected mice (tumor controls) following tumor injection but were markedly lowered by lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	223-236	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	17-49
18287363-4	2008	Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased gradually in tumor-injected mice (tumor controls) following tumor injection but were markedly lowered by lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	223-236	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	54-88
18287363-4	2008	Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased gradually in tumor-injected mice (tumor controls) following tumor injection but were markedly lowered by lycopene or beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	223-236	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	90-94
17852073-6	2008	Plasma beta-carotene inversely correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.46, p=0.0002) and CRP (r = -0.41, p = 0.001).	beta Carotene	7-20	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	47-51
17852073-6	2008	Plasma beta-carotene inversely correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.46, p=0.0002) and CRP (r = -0.41, p = 0.001).	beta Carotene	7-20	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
17996011-7	2008	In addition, aba1 mutants showed impaired production of the beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and antheraxanthin.	beta Carotene	60-73	zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) (ABA1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
18202289-4	2008	Through association analysis, linkage mapping, expression analysis, and mutagenesis, we show that variation at the lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) locus alters flux down alpha-carotene versus beta-carotene branches of the carotenoid pathway.	beta Carotene	192-205	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	141-145
18202289-5	2008	Four natural lcyE polymorphisms explained 58% of the variation in these two branches and a threefold difference in provitamin A compounds.	beta Carotene	115-127	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	13-17
18202289-6	2008	Selection of favorable lcyE alleles with inexpensive molecular markers will now enable developing-country breeders to more effectively produce maize grain with higher provitamin A levels.	beta Carotene	167-179	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	23-27
18068127-7	2008	Interestingly, one specific asymmetric beta-carotene cleavage product, apo-14"-carotenal, can also inhibit PPAR gamma and PPAR alpha responses.	beta Carotene	39-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	122-132
18936536-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Low plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (A, E, beta-carotene) and lycopene were associated with early carotid atherosclerotic lesions as measured by CIMT.	beta Carotene	70-83	CIMT	Homo sapiens	172-176
17890117-1	2007	Vitamin A is derived from provitamin A carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene, by beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1; EC 1.13.11.21).	beta Carotene	26-38	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	113-118
18039331-7	2008	The localization of RDH13 at the entrance to the mitochondrial matrix suggests that it may function to protect mitochondria against oxidative stress associated with the highly reactive retinaldehyde produced from dietary beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	221-234	retinol dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	20-25
18029479-10	2007	Beta-carotene concentrations were different (P < 0.05) in subjects bearing different SNP in apo B and SR-BI.	beta Carotene	0-13	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
17890117-1	2007	Vitamin A is derived from provitamin A carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene, by beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1; EC 1.13.11.21).	beta Carotene	59-72	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	113-118
17880189-1	2007	The ground state Raman spectra of all-trans-beta-carotene in n-hexane and CS2 solutions are measured by simultaneously changing the solvent environment and molecular structure under high hydrostatic pressure.	beta Carotene	34-57	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
17911009-0	2007	beta-Carotene induces apoptosis and up-regulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and reactive oxygen species production in MCF-7 cancer cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-97
17911009-3	2007	The results demonstrated that beta-carotene significantly increased PPAR-gamma mRNA and protein levels in time-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	30-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
17911009-4	2007	In addition, beta-carotene increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and decreased the prostanoid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	beta Carotene	13-26	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	75-78
17911009-4	2007	In addition, beta-carotene increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and decreased the prostanoid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	beta Carotene	13-26	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	79-83
17911009-4	2007	In addition, beta-carotene increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and decreased the prostanoid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	beta Carotene	13-26	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	84-88
17911009-4	2007	In addition, beta-carotene increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression and decreased the prostanoid synthesis rate-limiting enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	beta Carotene	13-26	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	161-177
17911009-5	2007	2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide (GW9662), an irreversible PPAR-gamma antagonist, partly attenuated the cell death caused by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	127-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
17911009-6	2007	Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced by beta-carotene, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome C release.	beta Carotene	65-78	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	123-135
17911009-7	2007	Reduced glutathione (GSH) treatment decreases the intracellular ROS and prevents cytochrome C release and cell apoptosis induced by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	132-145	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	81-93
17911009-8	2007	In total, these observations suggest that the synergistic effect of PPAR-gamma expression and ROS production may account for beta-carotene-mediated anticancer activities.	beta Carotene	125-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
17687551-0	2007	Effective production of retinal from beta-carotene using recombinant mouse beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase.	beta Carotene	37-50	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	75-109
17615006-2	2007	beta,beta"-Carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (betaCO) is an enzyme expressed in different tissues, and it cleaves beta-carotene into retinal.	beta Carotene	106-119	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Bos taurus	0-36
17618090-7	2007	Up-regulating effect of alpha-tocopherol is not observed in the presence of retinol that markedly stimulates apoptosis by itself, whereas increase of caspase-3 activity is induced by concomitant addition of alpha-tocopherol and beta-ionone, a cyclohexenyl degradation product of beta-carotene with shorter aliphatic chain.	beta Carotene	279-292	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	150-159
17761639-10	2007	Beta-carotene treatment downregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, prolyl hydroxylase, and lysyl oxidase gene expression and upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	56-88
17761639-10	2007	Beta-carotene treatment downregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, prolyl hydroxylase, and lysyl oxidase gene expression and upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	90-95
17761639-10	2007	Beta-carotene treatment downregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, prolyl hydroxylase, and lysyl oxidase gene expression and upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2.	beta Carotene	0-13	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	185-231
17761639-10	2007	Beta-carotene treatment downregulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, prolyl hydroxylase, and lysyl oxidase gene expression and upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2.	beta Carotene	0-13	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2	Mus musculus	236-242
17761639-11	2007	The study reveals that beta-carotene treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of nuclear factor-kappa B, and other transcription factors such as c-fos, activated transcription factor-2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	23-36	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	157-160
17761639-11	2007	The study reveals that beta-carotene treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of nuclear factor-kappa B, and other transcription factors such as c-fos, activated transcription factor-2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	23-36	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	162-165
17761639-11	2007	The study reveals that beta-carotene treatment could alter proinflammatory cytokine production and could inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of p65, p50, c-Rel subunits of nuclear factor-kappa B, and other transcription factors such as c-fos, activated transcription factor-2, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	23-36	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	251-254
17615006-2	2007	beta,beta"-Carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (betaCO) is an enzyme expressed in different tissues, and it cleaves beta-carotene into retinal.	beta Carotene	106-119	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Bos taurus	38-44
17907404-0	2007	[Optical properties of mixtures of beta-carotene and chlorophyll a adsorbed on bovine serum albumin].	beta Carotene	35-48	albumin	Homo sapiens	86-99
17448905-8	2007	beta-Carotene prevented 7-KC-induced increase in ROS production and in NOX-4 expression, as well as the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 induced by 7-KC.	beta Carotene	0-13	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
32726891-0	2007	beta-Carotene down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and induces apoptosis by suppressing bcl-2 expression and activating caspase-3 and p53 genes in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	29-60
32726891-0	2007	beta-Carotene down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and induces apoptosis by suppressing bcl-2 expression and activating caspase-3 and p53 genes in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	114-119
32726891-0	2007	beta-Carotene down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and induces apoptosis by suppressing bcl-2 expression and activating caspase-3 and p53 genes in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	caspase 3	Mus musculus	146-155
32726891-0	2007	beta-Carotene down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and induces apoptosis by suppressing bcl-2 expression and activating caspase-3 and p53 genes in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	160-163
32726891-1	2007	The objective of this research was to assess the effect of beta-carotene on the regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and stimulation of apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	59-72	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	116-149
32726891-2	2007	beta-Carotene at a concentration of 10 mug/mL could significantly (P < .01) inhibit NO and TNF-alpha production in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
32726891-3	2007	This was further evidenced by the regulatory effect of beta-carotene on the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in B16F-10 cells.	beta Carotene	55-68	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	90-121
32726891-6	2007	Furthermore, beta-carotene showed inhibitory effect on bcl-2 expression and up-regulated p53 and caspase-3 gene expression in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	13-26	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	55-60
32726891-6	2007	Furthermore, beta-carotene showed inhibitory effect on bcl-2 expression and up-regulated p53 and caspase-3 gene expression in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	13-26	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	89-92
32726891-6	2007	Furthermore, beta-carotene showed inhibitory effect on bcl-2 expression and up-regulated p53 and caspase-3 gene expression in B16F-10 melanoma cells.	beta Carotene	13-26	caspase 3	Mus musculus	97-106
32726891-7	2007	In conclusion, the observed results suggest that beta-carotene could regulate NO and TNF-alpha production and stimulates apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by regulating bcl-2, p53, and caspase-3 genes.	beta Carotene	49-62	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	85-94
32726891-7	2007	In conclusion, the observed results suggest that beta-carotene could regulate NO and TNF-alpha production and stimulates apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by regulating bcl-2, p53, and caspase-3 genes.	beta Carotene	49-62	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	171-176
32726891-7	2007	In conclusion, the observed results suggest that beta-carotene could regulate NO and TNF-alpha production and stimulates apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by regulating bcl-2, p53, and caspase-3 genes.	beta Carotene	49-62	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	178-181
32726891-7	2007	In conclusion, the observed results suggest that beta-carotene could regulate NO and TNF-alpha production and stimulates apoptosis in B16F-10 melanoma cells by regulating bcl-2, p53, and caspase-3 genes.	beta Carotene	49-62	caspase 3	Mus musculus	187-196
17448905-8	2007	beta-Carotene prevented 7-KC-induced increase in ROS production and in NOX-4 expression, as well as the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 induced by 7-KC.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
17448905-8	2007	beta-Carotene prevented 7-KC-induced increase in ROS production and in NOX-4 expression, as well as the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 induced by 7-KC.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	128-131
17448905-8	2007	beta-Carotene prevented 7-KC-induced increase in ROS production and in NOX-4 expression, as well as the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 induced by 7-KC.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	137-143
17452532-6	2007	The protein is coexpressed and functionally coupled with the beta, beta-carotene-15, 15"-monooxygenase, NINAB, which converts beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal.	beta Carotene	67-80	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	104-109
17344064-5	2007	Beta-carotene is transported to the adult brain, where cellular uptake by NinaD allows cleavage by the NinaB enzyme to produce retinal.	beta Carotene	0-13	neither inactivation nor afterpotential D	Drosophila melanogaster	74-79
17344064-5	2007	Beta-carotene is transported to the adult brain, where cellular uptake by NinaD allows cleavage by the NinaB enzyme to produce retinal.	beta Carotene	0-13	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	103-108
16835597-6	2007	RESULTS: We observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma beta-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including C-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (P&lt;0.05).	beta Carotene	64-77	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	268-286
17335571-4	2007	We have previously shown that tuber-specific silencing of the first step in the epsilon-beta branch, LCY-e, redirects metabolic flux towards beta-beta carotenoids, increases total carotenoids up to 2.5-fold and beta-carotene up to 14-fold.	beta Carotene	211-224	lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	101-106
17726239-4	2007	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of low concentrations (10 fM-200 nM)of beta-carotene on the proliferation, intracellular cAMP levels, PKA activation status and phosphorylation of EGFR-specific tyrosine kinases and ERK1/2 in immortalized human pancreatic duct epithelial cells was investigated.	beta Carotene	74-87	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	182-186
17726239-7	2007	Our data indicate that low concentrations of beta-carotene stimulate the proliferation of the putative origin of PDAC, pancreatic duct epithelial cells via cAMP and PKA-dependent transactivation of the EGFR pathway.	beta Carotene	45-58	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	202-206
17326666-3	2007	All WT complexes bind lutein and violaxanthin, while beta-carotene was found to be associated only with the native LHCI preparation and recombinant Lhca3.	beta Carotene	53-66	PSI type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	148-153
17477045-1	2007	Changes in the fluorescence of beta-carotene and chlorophyll a and their mixtures in different molar ratios under the action of hydrogen peroxide have been registered in two cases: (1) in Langmuir films and (2) in a complex with bovine serum albumin in water solution.	beta Carotene	31-44	albumin	Homo sapiens	236-249
16835597-6	2007	RESULTS: We observe a negative trend across quartiles of plasma beta-carotene for most biological variables clustering in the insulin resistance syndrome, as well as for traditional and new risk factors for type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including C-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (P&lt;0.05).	beta Carotene	64-77	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	291-319
17368314-4	2007	The recent demonstration that the responsible beta-carotene cleaving enzyme beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (Bcmo1) is also present in other tissues led to numerous investigations on the molecular structure and function of this enzyme in several species, including the fruit fly, chicken, mouse, and also human.	beta Carotene	46-59	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
17368314-4	2007	The recent demonstration that the responsible beta-carotene cleaving enzyme beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (Bcmo1) is also present in other tissues led to numerous investigations on the molecular structure and function of this enzyme in several species, including the fruit fly, chicken, mouse, and also human.	beta Carotene	76-94	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
17158438-2	2006	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether intakes of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin C) are associated with plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations.	beta Carotene	91-104	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
17158438-2	2006	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether intakes of fruit, vegetables, and antioxidants (beta-carotene, lycopene, and vitamin C) are associated with plasma IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations.	beta Carotene	91-104	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	168-189
17061812-1	2006	The capacity of polyphenolic compounds to reduce the beta-carotene-linoleic acid cooxidation enzymatically induced by soybean lipoxygenase was assayed to determine their comprehensive antioxidant ability.	beta Carotene	53-66	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	126-138
16970932-5	2006	Both beta-carotene and AC at 20 microM significantly enhanced DNA strand breaks and CYP1A2 expression induced by BaP.	beta Carotene	5-18	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	84-90
16970932-8	2006	The harmful effects of beta-carotene and AC on intracellular DNA were associated with the expression of CYP, because 1-aminobenzotriazole, a CYP inhibitor, partly suppressed these effects.	beta Carotene	23-36	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	104-107
16970932-8	2006	The harmful effects of beta-carotene and AC on intracellular DNA were associated with the expression of CYP, because 1-aminobenzotriazole, a CYP inhibitor, partly suppressed these effects.	beta Carotene	23-36	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	141-144
16970932-9	2006	Quercetin significantly inhibited the DNA strand breaks and the increase in CYP1A2 protein induced by AC or beta-carotene in combination with BaP or by AC alone.	beta Carotene	108-121	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	76-82
16970932-11	2006	Quercetin increased the safety of high doses of beta-carotene, possibly through interaction with beta-carotene"s oxidative products or through inhibition of CYP1A2 expression.	beta Carotene	48-61	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	157-163
17092735-6	2006	The hp-1 mutant also had the highest chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations, comprised mostly of lycopene in red ripe fruit; whereas, beta-carotene comprised 90% of the carotenoids in B.	beta Carotene	143-156	DNA damage-binding protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	4-8
16843824-7	2006	Interestingly, beta-carotene-induced apoptosis was caspase 2 dependent but caspase 3 independent.	beta Carotene	15-28	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	51-60
16960387-5	2006	Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated transcriptions of IL-1beta and IL-12 p40 in RAW264 were inhibited by beta-carotene but not by alpha-tocopherol.	beta Carotene	99-112	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	48-56
16960387-5	2006	Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated transcriptions of IL-1beta and IL-12 p40 in RAW264 were inhibited by beta-carotene but not by alpha-tocopherol.	beta Carotene	99-112	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	67-70
16960176-9	2006	CONCLUSION: We observed what appears to be a gene-environment interaction between MBL-2 variants and an intervention with vitamin A plus beta-carotene that is relevant to mother-to-child HIV transmission.	beta Carotene	137-150	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
16911355-7	2006	There were also significant positive relationships between antioxidant levels and IL-10 responses to polyclonal stimulation by SEB (r=0.292, P=0.036) and LPS (r=0.34, P=0.015) (beta-carotene) and PHA (r=0.34, P=0.021) (tAC).	beta Carotene	177-190	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	82-87
16843822-1	2006	A commentary on "ROS-triggered caspase 2 activation and feedback amplification loop in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis".	beta Carotene	87-100	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	31-40
16843824-0	2006	ROS-triggered caspase 2 activation and feedback amplification loop in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis.	beta Carotene	70-83	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	14-23
16843824-7	2006	Interestingly, beta-carotene-induced apoptosis was caspase 2 dependent but caspase 3 independent.	beta Carotene	15-28	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	75-84
16843824-3	2006	In this study, we report that ROS generation led to activation of caspase 2 during beta-carotene-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic T cell line Molt 4.	beta Carotene	83-96	caspase 2	Homo sapiens	66-75
16843824-10	2006	The interdependence of caspases 8, 9, 2, and 3 in the cascade provides evidence for the presence of an extensive feedback amplification loop in beta-carotene-induced apoptosis in Molt 4 cells.	beta Carotene	144-157	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	23-46
16799145-0	2006	Association between serum beta-carotene levels and decline of cognitive function in high-functioning older persons with or without apolipoprotein E 4 alleles: MacArthur studies of successful aging.	beta Carotene	26-39	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	131-149
16672231-5	2006	The cleavage activity of ferret CMO2 was higher toward lycopene cis-isomers as compared with beta-carotene as substrate.	beta Carotene	93-106	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	32-36
16672231-3	2006	Here we provide information on the biochemical characterization of CMO2 of the ferret, a model for human carotenoid metabolism, in terms of the kinetic analysis of beta-carotene/lycopene cleavage into beta-apo-10"-carotenal/apo-10"-lycopenal in vitro and the formation of apo-10"-lycopenoids in ferrets in vivo.	beta Carotene	164-177	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	67-71
16799145-4	2006	Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relation between high serum beta-carotene level and risk of SPMSQ score decline in participants with or without APOE 4 alleles, while adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline SPMSQ score, and other covariates.	beta Carotene	96-109	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	180-186
16799145-8	2006	The adjusted odds ratio of high beta-carotene level for cognitive decline was 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.57) in participants with at least one APOE 4 allele and 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.47) among those who were APOE 4 negative.	beta Carotene	32-45	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	154-160
16799145-8	2006	The adjusted odds ratio of high beta-carotene level for cognitive decline was 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.57) in participants with at least one APOE 4 allele and 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.47) among those who were APOE 4 negative.	beta Carotene	32-45	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	235-241
16799145-9	2006	CONCLUSION: Among high-functioning older persons, antioxidants and beta-carotene in particular may offer protection from cognitive decline in persons with greater genetic susceptibility as evidenced by the presence of the APOE 4 allele.	beta Carotene	67-80	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	222-228
16771696-0	2006	beta-Carotene and cigarette smoke condensate regulate heme oxygenase-1 and its repressor factor Bach1: relationship with cell growth.	beta Carotene	0-13	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-70
16771696-0	2006	beta-Carotene and cigarette smoke condensate regulate heme oxygenase-1 and its repressor factor Bach1: relationship with cell growth.	beta Carotene	0-13	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
16771696-2	2006	This article reports the first evidence that beta-carotene, combined with cigarette smoke condensate (TAR), regulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via its transcriptional factor Bach1 and modulates cell growth.	beta Carotene	45-58	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
16771696-2	2006	This article reports the first evidence that beta-carotene, combined with cigarette smoke condensate (TAR), regulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via its transcriptional factor Bach1 and modulates cell growth.	beta Carotene	45-58	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-178
16771696-4	2006	Heme oxygenase-1 repression was much more consistent when TAR was administered in combination with beta-carotene (1 microM) for 24 h; at this concentration the carotenoid per se did not have any effect on HO-1.	beta Carotene	99-112	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
16771696-2	2006	This article reports the first evidence that beta-carotene, combined with cigarette smoke condensate (TAR), regulates heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via its transcriptional factor Bach1 and modulates cell growth.	beta Carotene	45-58	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-134
16771696-5	2006	Interestingly, the HO-1 repression following TAR plus beta-carotene treatment caused a resynchronization of RAT-1 cell-cycle with a significant increase in the S-phase, and this was probably due to the decreased intracellular levels of carbon monoxide and bilirubin, both of which have antiproliferative effects.	beta Carotene	54-67	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
16492736-4	2006	In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CYP97A3 (the LUT5 locus) encodes a fourth carotenoid hydroxylase with major in vivo activity toward the beta-ring of alpha-carotene (beta,epsilon-carotene) and minor activity on the beta-rings of beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene).	beta Carotene	243-256	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-54
16830692-7	2006	Beta-carotene profoundy reduced caspase-3 activity whereas folic acid did not seem to have a similar effect.	beta Carotene	0-13	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	32-41
16497287-3	2006	We showed that beta-carotene at 20 microM significantly enhanced NNK-induced DNA strand breaks and 7-mGua levels by 90% (p &lt; 0.05) and 70% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively, and that the effect of beta-carotene was associated with an increased metabolism of NNK by CYP because the concomitant addition of 1-aminobenzotriazole, a CYP inhibitor, with beta-carotene to cells strongly inhibited NNK-induced DNA strand breaks.	beta Carotene	15-28	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	262-265
16497287-3	2006	We showed that beta-carotene at 20 microM significantly enhanced NNK-induced DNA strand breaks and 7-mGua levels by 90% (p &lt; 0.05) and 70% (p &lt; 0.05), respectively, and that the effect of beta-carotene was associated with an increased metabolism of NNK by CYP because the concomitant addition of 1-aminobenzotriazole, a CYP inhibitor, with beta-carotene to cells strongly inhibited NNK-induced DNA strand breaks.	beta Carotene	15-28	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	326-329
16206275-0	2006	Growth stimulation of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and small airway epithelial cells by beta-carotene via activation of cAMP, PKA, CREB and ERK1/2.	beta Carotene	96-109	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
16206275-0	2006	Growth stimulation of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells and small airway epithelial cells by beta-carotene via activation of cAMP, PKA, CREB and ERK1/2.	beta Carotene	96-109	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	148-154
16206275-4	2006	Using a cell line derived from a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) of Clara cell lineage and immortalized human small airway epithelial cells, our data show that low concentrations of beta-carotene that can be realistically expected in human tissues after oral administration caused a significant increase in intracellular cAMP and activated PKA, as well as in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB.	beta Carotene	187-200	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	383-389
16206275-4	2006	Using a cell line derived from a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) of Clara cell lineage and immortalized human small airway epithelial cells, our data show that low concentrations of beta-carotene that can be realistically expected in human tissues after oral administration caused a significant increase in intracellular cAMP and activated PKA, as well as in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB.	beta Carotene	187-200	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	394-398
16492736-4	2006	In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CYP97A3 (the LUT5 locus) encodes a fourth carotenoid hydroxylase with major in vivo activity toward the beta-ring of alpha-carotene (beta,epsilon-carotene) and minor activity on the beta-rings of beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene).	beta Carotene	243-256	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
16492736-4	2006	In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CYP97A3 (the LUT5 locus) encodes a fourth carotenoid hydroxylase with major in vivo activity toward the beta-ring of alpha-carotene (beta,epsilon-carotene) and minor activity on the beta-rings of beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene).	beta Carotene	263-276	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-54
16492736-4	2006	In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CYP97A3 (the LUT5 locus) encodes a fourth carotenoid hydroxylase with major in vivo activity toward the beta-ring of alpha-carotene (beta,epsilon-carotene) and minor activity on the beta-rings of beta-carotene (beta,beta-carotene).	beta Carotene	263-276	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
16492736-5	2006	A cyp97a3-null allele, lut5-1, causes an accumulation of alpha-carotene at a level equivalent to beta-carotene in wild type, which is stably incorporated into photosystems, and a 35% reduction in beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls.	beta Carotene	97-110	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	2-9
16492736-5	2006	A cyp97a3-null allele, lut5-1, causes an accumulation of alpha-carotene at a level equivalent to beta-carotene in wild type, which is stably incorporated into photosystems, and a 35% reduction in beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls.	beta Carotene	97-110	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
16492736-5	2006	A cyp97a3-null allele, lut5-1, causes an accumulation of alpha-carotene at a level equivalent to beta-carotene in wild type, which is stably incorporated into photosystems, and a 35% reduction in beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls.	beta Carotene	196-209	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	2-9
16492736-5	2006	A cyp97a3-null allele, lut5-1, causes an accumulation of alpha-carotene at a level equivalent to beta-carotene in wild type, which is stably incorporated into photosystems, and a 35% reduction in beta-carotene-derived xanthophylls.	beta Carotene	196-209	cytochrome P450, family 97, subfamily A, polypeptide 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
16809906-5	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PSE/DAG on serum retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol levels using a threefold excess of the effective dose obtained in our previous study.	beta Carotene	87-100	dystroglycan 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
16504037-0	2006	Cooperation between MEF2 and PPARgamma in human intestinal beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase gene expression.	beta Carotene	64-77	myocyte enhancer factor 2A	Homo sapiens	20-24
16504037-0	2006	Cooperation between MEF2 and PPARgamma in human intestinal beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase gene expression.	beta Carotene	64-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	29-38
16504037-2	2006	beta, beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans retinal and is the key enzyme in the intestinal metabolism of carotenes to vitamin A.	beta Carotene	6-19	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
17012770-11	2006	At week 33, the expression of iNOS was reduced by quercetin without a statistical significance, and COX-2 expression was slightly reduced in rats on beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	149-162	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
16005096-7	2006	The multivariate-adjusted means of the serum AST and ALT concentrations in IFG and diabetes group were significantly low in accordance with the tertiles of the serum beta-cryptoxanthin and beta-carotene concentrations.	beta Carotene	189-202	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	45-48
16325042-5	2005	In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards backward stepwise model, a 1-SD increase of fasting proinsulin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 1.66) and apolipoprotein B/A-I-ratio (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.48) increased the risk, whereas a 1-SD increase in serum beta-carotene (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.94) decreased the risk of HF.	beta Carotene	290-303	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-106
16711651-1	2006	Beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (betaCO), found mainly in intestinal mucosa and liver, is the enzyme responsible for cleaving beta-carotene into retinal, which can be used or stored at these sites or carried by the bloodstream to different target cells within the body.	beta Carotene	125-138	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Bos taurus	0-30
16711651-1	2006	Beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (betaCO), found mainly in intestinal mucosa and liver, is the enzyme responsible for cleaving beta-carotene into retinal, which can be used or stored at these sites or carried by the bloodstream to different target cells within the body.	beta Carotene	125-138	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Bos taurus	32-38
16898870-0	2006	beta-carotene-induced changes in RARbeta isoform mRNA expression patterns do not influence lung adenoma multiplicity in the NNK-initiated A/J mouse model.	beta Carotene	0-13	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	33-40
16898870-8	2006	All RARbeta isoforms were significantly suppressed in the lungs of NNK- and NNK plus high dose beta-carotene-treated animals.	beta Carotene	95-108	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	4-11
16898870-10	2006	beta-carotene alone after 3 mo of supplementation mildly but significantly increased levels of RARbeta1, beta2, and beta4.	beta Carotene	0-13	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	105-110
16898870-10	2006	beta-carotene alone after 3 mo of supplementation mildly but significantly increased levels of RARbeta1, beta2, and beta4.	beta Carotene	0-13	basic helix-loop-helix family, member e23	Mus musculus	116-121
16898870-13	2006	beta-Carotene-induced changes in RARbeta isoform gene expression levels were not predictive for the number of lung tumors but were indicative of intact beta-carotene metabolism and persistent sensitivity to retinoic acid in the mice.	beta Carotene	0-13	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	33-40
16898870-13	2006	beta-Carotene-induced changes in RARbeta isoform gene expression levels were not predictive for the number of lung tumors but were indicative of intact beta-carotene metabolism and persistent sensitivity to retinoic acid in the mice.	beta Carotene	152-165	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	33-40
15778449-5	2005	However, in the cytochrome b(6)f complex, the beta-carotene is too far (&gt; or =14 Angstroms) from the Chl a for effective quenching of the Chl a triplet excited state.	beta Carotene	46-59	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	16-28
16380679-3	2005	We found that patients with plasma beta carotene levels below the 25th percentile had 55% reduced ratios of Abeta40/Tau and 51% reduced ratios of Abeta 40/Abeta 42 compared with patients in the highest quartile.	beta Carotene	35-48	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	116-119
16380679-4	2005	Mean Tau concentrations in the lowest quartile of plasma beta-carotene levels were 74% higher compared with the highest quartile of plasma beta-carotene levels.	beta Carotene	57-70	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	5-8
16380679-4	2005	Mean Tau concentrations in the lowest quartile of plasma beta-carotene levels were 74% higher compared with the highest quartile of plasma beta-carotene levels.	beta Carotene	139-152	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	5-8
15983114-1	2005	The symmetrically cleaving beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in the mucosa of the small intestine.	beta Carotene	27-40	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
16155409-5	2005	beta-Carotene blocked nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 subunit, which correlated with its inhibitory effect on IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	117-129
16229344-5	2005	beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (CDO) activity in the small intestine increased in the mid-level dietary protein groups, which resulted in an increase in the content of liver retinol converted from dietary beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
16229344-7	2005	The low beta-carotene diet groups (0.006 mg beta-carotene/100 g diet) showed a higher serum retinol accumulation rate, CDO activity, and liver beta-carotene accumulation rate than the mid-level beta-carotene diet groups.	beta Carotene	8-21	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
16229344-7	2005	The low beta-carotene diet groups (0.006 mg beta-carotene/100 g diet) showed a higher serum retinol accumulation rate, CDO activity, and liver beta-carotene accumulation rate than the mid-level beta-carotene diet groups.	beta Carotene	44-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
16229344-7	2005	The low beta-carotene diet groups (0.006 mg beta-carotene/100 g diet) showed a higher serum retinol accumulation rate, CDO activity, and liver beta-carotene accumulation rate than the mid-level beta-carotene diet groups.	beta Carotene	44-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
16229344-7	2005	The low beta-carotene diet groups (0.006 mg beta-carotene/100 g diet) showed a higher serum retinol accumulation rate, CDO activity, and liver beta-carotene accumulation rate than the mid-level beta-carotene diet groups.	beta Carotene	44-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
16014702-9	2005	Similar patterns were observed for dietary alpha-carotene and supplemental beta-carotene, but not for supplemental vitamins C and E. These data suggest that polymorphisms in MGMT may modulate the inverse association previously observed between fruits and vegetables consumption, dietary antioxidants and breast cancer risk, and support the importance of fruits and vegetables on breast cancer risk reduction.	beta Carotene	75-88	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	174-178
16307107-8	2005	The relevance of a cycle of electrons around photosystem II, via cytochrome b(559), in order to re-reduce the beta-carotenes when they are oxidised and hence restore their ability to quench singlet oxygen, is also discussed.	beta Carotene	110-124	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	65-77
16384139-4	2005	The long-debated S(2)-S(1) relaxation in beta-carotene can be explained by a two-state model (S(2), S(1)) without involving any intermediate states.	beta Carotene	41-54	ribosomal protein S2	Homo sapiens	17-21
16384139-4	2005	The long-debated S(2)-S(1) relaxation in beta-carotene can be explained by a two-state model (S(2), S(1)) without involving any intermediate states.	beta Carotene	41-54	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
16384139-4	2005	The long-debated S(2)-S(1) relaxation in beta-carotene can be explained by a two-state model (S(2), S(1)) without involving any intermediate states.	beta Carotene	41-54	ribosomal protein S2	Homo sapiens	94-98
16384139-4	2005	The long-debated S(2)-S(1) relaxation in beta-carotene can be explained by a two-state model (S(2), S(1)) without involving any intermediate states.	beta Carotene	41-54	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
15975960-0	2005	All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids, retinol and beta-carotene chemopreventive activities during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis involve distinct actions on glutathione S-transferase positive preneoplastic lesions remodeling and DNA damage.	beta Carotene	48-61	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	167-192
16177187-6	2005	beta-Carotene transport was also inhibited by anti-SR-BI, but not by anti-CD36.	beta Carotene	0-13	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
16177187-7	2005	The inhibitory effects of EZ and anti-SR-BI on beta-carotene transport were additive, indicating that they may have different targets.	beta Carotene	47-60	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
16229338-6	2005	Catalase (CAT) activity in the liver was low in the -betaC.AsA, +AsA, and +betaC groups and high in the +betaC.AsA and +Po groups.	beta Carotene	53-58	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16229338-6	2005	Catalase (CAT) activity in the liver was low in the -betaC.AsA, +AsA, and +betaC groups and high in the +betaC.AsA and +Po groups.	beta Carotene	53-58	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
15949683-0	2005	Induction of PXR-mediated metabolism by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	40-53	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
15949684-9	2005	Simultaneous treatment with a retinoid and beta-carotene or astaxanthin resulted in supra-additive Cx43 expression, again indicating separate mechanisms of gene regulation.	beta Carotene	43-56	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	99-103
15949683-2	2005	Besides its function as pro-vitamin A, beta-carotene has been shown to be an activator of the human pregnan X receptor (PXR).	beta Carotene	39-52	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	100-118
15949685-5	2005	RARbeta isoform and CYP26 gene expression levels analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR were weakly, but significantly, inversely correlated and showed evidence for altered retinoid signaling and catabolism in the lungs of NNK-initiated, beta-carotene supplemented mice.	beta Carotene	231-244	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	0-7
15949683-2	2005	Besides its function as pro-vitamin A, beta-carotene has been shown to be an activator of the human pregnan X receptor (PXR).	beta Carotene	39-52	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	120-123
15949685-5	2005	RARbeta isoform and CYP26 gene expression levels analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR were weakly, but significantly, inversely correlated and showed evidence for altered retinoid signaling and catabolism in the lungs of NNK-initiated, beta-carotene supplemented mice.	beta Carotene	231-244	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	20-25
15949686-7	2005	Detailed analysis of expression of selected genes in beta-carotene treated LNCaP cells at the level of mRNA and protein indicated that the observed increase of proliferation could have been the result of slight induction of a few genes affecting proliferation (c-myc, c-jun) and apoptosis (bcl-2) with no significant effect on major cell cycle control genes (cdk2, RB, E2F-1).	beta Carotene	53-66	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	261-266
15949686-7	2005	Detailed analysis of expression of selected genes in beta-carotene treated LNCaP cells at the level of mRNA and protein indicated that the observed increase of proliferation could have been the result of slight induction of a few genes affecting proliferation (c-myc, c-jun) and apoptosis (bcl-2) with no significant effect on major cell cycle control genes (cdk2, RB, E2F-1).	beta Carotene	53-66	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
15949686-7	2005	Detailed analysis of expression of selected genes in beta-carotene treated LNCaP cells at the level of mRNA and protein indicated that the observed increase of proliferation could have been the result of slight induction of a few genes affecting proliferation (c-myc, c-jun) and apoptosis (bcl-2) with no significant effect on major cell cycle control genes (cdk2, RB, E2F-1).	beta Carotene	53-66	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	290-295
15949683-4	2005	This review is focused on the evaluation of physiological and nutritional relevance of beta-carotene as an inducer of phase I enzymes in the human organism via PXR-mediated mechanisms.	beta Carotene	87-100	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	160-163
15623844-0	2005	beta-Carotene downregulates the steady-state and heregulin-alpha-induced COX-2 pathways in colon cancer cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	73-78
15949686-7	2005	Detailed analysis of expression of selected genes in beta-carotene treated LNCaP cells at the level of mRNA and protein indicated that the observed increase of proliferation could have been the result of slight induction of a few genes affecting proliferation (c-myc, c-jun) and apoptosis (bcl-2) with no significant effect on major cell cycle control genes (cdk2, RB, E2F-1).	beta Carotene	53-66	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	359-363
15949690-3	2005	However beta-carotene did not change the tubulogenic activity of HUVEC in the in vitro angiogenesis model, it potently accelerated the bFGF-induced development of microcapillaries, as well as the migration of endothelial cells, in matrigel plug injected subcutaneously to mice.	beta Carotene	8-21	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	135-139
15670617-12	2005	The above enzyme activities were not significantly restored in group treated with synthetic all trans beta-carotene, which showed 7.5%, 23.8% restore in catalase and peroxidase content.	beta Carotene	102-115	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	153-161
15718825-6	2005	Decreased retinal gamma-glutamyl transferase activity of diabetic rats was normalized by the administration of pycnogenol alone or in combination with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	151-164	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-44
15718825-7	2005	In diabetic rats, retinal glutathione reductase activity increased after treatment with beta-carotene alone or with pycnogenol.	beta Carotene	88-101	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	26-47
15766282-3	2005	From the comparison of the in vivo and in vitro results we conclude that both BBM-resident class B scavenger receptors, SR-BI and CD36, can facilitate the absorption of beta-carotene and cholesterol.	beta Carotene	169-182	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	120-125
15766282-4	2005	SR-BI is essential for beta-carotene absorption, at least in mice on a high fat diet.	beta Carotene	23-36	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
15701031-3	2005	Here, we calculated the redox potentials of chlorophylla/beta-carotene (Chla/Car) in PSII CP43/CP47 antenna complexes, solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann (LPB) equation based on the PSII crystal structure.	beta Carotene	57-70	beaded filament structural protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
15623844-5	2005	beta-Carotene (0.5-2.0 micromol/L) decreased COX-2 expression (P &lt; 0.05) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production (P &lt; 0.05) in colon cancer cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	45-50
15623844-10	2005	Here, we report that the suppression of COX-2 by beta-carotene may represent a molecular mechanism by which this compound acts as an antitumor agent in colon carcinogenesis.	beta Carotene	49-62	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	40-45
15860445-0	2005	The microarray expression analysis identifies BAX as a mediator of beta-carotene effects on apoptosis.	beta Carotene	67-80	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	46-49
15860445-7	2005	However, beta-carotene-induced expression changes of BAX and other BCL2 pathway genes did not lead to the predicted induction of apoptosis in the A375 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	53-56
16091010-6	2005	Simultaneous treatment with the maximally effective concentration of a retinoid and with beta-carotene or the non-provitamin A carotenoid astaxanthin resulted in supraadditive upregulation of Cx43 expression, again indicating separate mechanisms of gene regulation by these two cancer preventive agents.	beta Carotene	89-102	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	192-196
15860445-7	2005	However, beta-carotene-induced expression changes of BAX and other BCL2 pathway genes did not lead to the predicted induction of apoptosis in the A375 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	67-71
15345737-6	2004	RESULTS: The serum beta-carotene concentration was inversely associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels.	beta Carotene	19-32	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	77-95
15342640-15	2004	The sequential cleavages of beta-carotene by AtCCD7 and AtCCD8 are likely the initial steps in the synthesis of a carotenoid-derived signaling molecule that is necessary for the regulation lateral branching.	beta Carotene	28-41	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-51
15342640-15	2004	The sequential cleavages of beta-carotene by AtCCD7 and AtCCD8 are likely the initial steps in the synthesis of a carotenoid-derived signaling molecule that is necessary for the regulation lateral branching.	beta Carotene	28-41	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-62
15544481-10	2004	beta-carotene and retinoids function as anticarcinogenic agents and antagonize the biological effects of pro-oxidants on PKC.	beta Carotene	0-13	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	121-124
15336318-4	2004	After adjustment for race, sex, age, and total cholesterol, serum concentration of GGT across all deciles was inversely associated with serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin/lutein, lycopene, and vitamin C (p for trend &lt;.01, respectively).	beta Carotene	176-189	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	83-86
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	beta Carotene	207-220	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	beta Carotene	207-220	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	beta Carotene	207-220	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	105-111
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	beta Carotene	207-220	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
15342640-12	2004	It was shown that the recombinant AtCCD7 protein catalyzes a specific 9-10 cleavage of beta-carotene to produce the 10 black triangle down-apo-beta-carotenal (C27) and beta-ionone (C13).	beta Carotene	87-100	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-40
15342640-13	2004	When AtCCD7 and AtCCD8 were co-expressed in a beta-carotene-producing strain of E. coli, the 13-apo-beta-carotenone (C18) was produced.	beta Carotene	46-59	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	5-11
15342640-13	2004	When AtCCD7 and AtCCD8 were co-expressed in a beta-carotene-producing strain of E. coli, the 13-apo-beta-carotenone (C18) was produced.	beta Carotene	46-59	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-22
15536598-8	2004	Stratified factor analyses in smoking subgroups, obese, and in under-reporters of energy, largely confirmed the results although in male never-smokers a combination of high fiber vitamin C/beta carotene intake was associated with low CRP levels.	beta Carotene	189-202	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	234-237
15465770-1	2004	We demonstrated previously that smoke exposure and/or high-dose beta-carotene supplementation decreases levels of retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) protein, but increase levels of c-Jun and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen protein in the lungs of ferrets.	beta Carotene	64-77	retinoic acid receptor beta	Mustela putorius furo	132-159
15465770-1	2004	We demonstrated previously that smoke exposure and/or high-dose beta-carotene supplementation decreases levels of retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) protein, but increase levels of c-Jun and proliferating cellular nuclear antigen protein in the lungs of ferrets.	beta Carotene	64-77	retinoic acid receptor beta	Mustela putorius furo	161-168
15288123-0	2004	Beta-carotene inhibits UVA-induced matrix metalloprotease 1 and 10 expression in keratinocytes by a singlet oxygen-dependent mechanism.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	35-59
15288123-6	2004	Beta-carotene suppressed UVA-induction of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10, three major matrix metalloproteases involved in photoaging.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
15288123-6	2004	Beta-carotene suppressed UVA-induction of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10, three major matrix metalloproteases involved in photoaging.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	49-54
15288123-6	2004	Beta-carotene suppressed UVA-induction of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-10, three major matrix metalloproteases involved in photoaging.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	60-66
15288123-8	2004	Beta-carotene dose-dependently quenched (1)O(2)-mediated induction of MMP-1 and MMP-10.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
15288123-8	2004	Beta-carotene dose-dependently quenched (1)O(2)-mediated induction of MMP-1 and MMP-10.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	80-86
15288123-11	2004	HaCaT cells produced weak retinoid activity from beta-carotene, as demonstrated by mild upregulation of RAR beta and activation of an RARE-dependent reporter gene.	beta Carotene	49-62	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	104-112
15073048-0	2004	beta-Carotene exacerbates DNA oxidative damage and modifies p53-related pathways of cell proliferation and apoptosis in cultured cells exposed to tobacco smoke condensate.	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	60-63
15073048-8	2004	In contrast, fibroblasts treated with tar and beta-carotene, after an initial arrest of cell growth at 12 h, re-entered in cell cycle and were unable to undergo apoptosis at 36 h. Concomitantly, their p53 expression, after an increase at 12 h, progressively returned at basal levels at 36 h by a mechanism independent of Mdm2.	beta Carotene	46-59	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	201-204
15073048-8	2004	In contrast, fibroblasts treated with tar and beta-carotene, after an initial arrest of cell growth at 12 h, re-entered in cell cycle and were unable to undergo apoptosis at 36 h. Concomitantly, their p53 expression, after an increase at 12 h, progressively returned at basal levels at 36 h by a mechanism independent of Mdm2.	beta Carotene	46-59	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	321-325
15345737-6	2004	RESULTS: The serum beta-carotene concentration was inversely associated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels.	beta Carotene	19-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	100-113
15108365-11	2004	We conclude that HSC are the site of the liver beta-carotene storage and release, which can be used for RA production as well as for maintenance of the homeostasis of circulating carotenoids in periods of low dietary uptake.	beta Carotene	47-60	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-20
15256726-1	2004	Feed containing beta-carotene was administered orally to BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA) for approximately 1 month.	beta Carotene	16-29	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	102-111
15256726-3	2004	The OVA-specific IgE titer and OVA-specific IgG1 titer by mice fed beta-carotene were significantly inhibited.	beta Carotene	67-80	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	44-48
15256726-4	2004	On the other hand, the OVA-specific IgG2a titer in mice fed beta-carotene was significantly greater than those of control mice.	beta Carotene	60-73	immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-9	Mus musculus	36-41
15256726-10	2004	The spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced more IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-2 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	35-48	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	63-72
15256726-10	2004	The spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced more IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-2 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	35-48	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	84-88
15256726-11	2004	In contrast, the spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced less IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	48-61	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	76-80
15256726-11	2004	In contrast, the spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced less IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	48-61	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	82-86
15256726-11	2004	In contrast, the spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced less IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	48-61	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	88-92
15256726-11	2004	In contrast, the spleen cells from the mice fed beta-carotene produced less IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 than those from the control group.	beta Carotene	48-61	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	94-99
15256726-12	2004	Furthermore, analysis of IFN-gamma mRNA levels of the splenocytes using the real-time quantitative RT-PCR technique revealed higher levels in the splenocytes from the mice fed beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	176-189	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	25-34
15256726-13	2004	These findings suggest that feeding beta-carotene improves the helper T cell (T(H))1-T(H)2 balance, inhibiting specific IgE and IgG1 production and antigen-induced anaphylactic response.	beta Carotene	36-49	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	128-132
15151625-0	2004	Combined supplementation of vanadium and beta-carotene suppresses placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci and enhances antioxidant functions during the inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-induced rat liver carcinogenesis.	beta Carotene	41-54	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	76-101
15268604-7	2004	The two models are applied to the analysis of the temperature-dependent absorption spectrum of beta-carotene in isopentane and CS2.	beta Carotene	95-108	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	127-130
14982930-1	2004	The Drosophila ninaB gene encodes a beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase responsible for the centric cleavage of beta-carotene that produces the retinal chromophore of rhodopsin.	beta Carotene	41-54	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	15-20
14982930-1	2004	The Drosophila ninaB gene encodes a beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase responsible for the centric cleavage of beta-carotene that produces the retinal chromophore of rhodopsin.	beta Carotene	41-54	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	167-176
14982930-2	2004	The ninaD gene encodes a membrane receptor required for efficient use of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	73-86	neither inactivation nor afterpotential D	Drosophila melanogaster	4-9
14726472-5	2004	RESULTS: Circulating concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin inversely predicted the serum GGT concentration measured 10 years later in a dose-response manner (P for trend &lt;0.01).	beta Carotene	55-68	gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	123-126
14976384-8	2004	Moreover, beta-carotene, a provitamin A, influenced HA production and HAS3 gene expression in a manner similar to the retinoids.	beta Carotene	10-23	hyaluronan synthase 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
14764912-5	2004	Commensurate with this antioxidant effect, 100 microM betaC also protected hepatocytes against both glycochenodeoxycholic acid-induced cellular necrosis and apoptosis, which was associated with reduction in caspase 3 activation, inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release in rat hepatocytes, and prevention of the mitochondrial permeability transition in both liver mitochondria and rat hepatocytes.	beta Carotene	54-59	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	207-216
15214853-6	2004	The following management and technological factors significantly decreased SCC: a 7-8-week dry period (versus shorter period), foremilking with the use of a forestripper, practicing manual udder massage before milking, individual rationing of feeds according to production, and the application of MgO and beta-carotene additives to the feed ration.	beta Carotene	305-318	SCC	Bos taurus	75-78
14988465-0	2004	Beta-carotene and beta-apo-14"-carotenoic acid prevent the reduction of retinoic acid receptor beta in benzo[a]pyrene-treated normal human bronchial epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	72-99
14988465-8	2004	These observations indicate that the growth inhibitory effects of BC and beta-apo-carotenoic acid are through their conversion to RA and upregulation of RARbeta.	beta Carotene	66-68	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	153-160
15575349-8	2004	beta-Carotene was inverse related to leukocytes (-0.23+/-0.07; p = 0.007) and CRP (-1.09+/-0.30; p = 0.0003) per 1 micromol/l.	beta Carotene	0-13	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
15133321-8	2004	There were significant negative correlations between CRP levels and serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations.	beta Carotene	74-87	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	53-56
15133321-11	2004	The inverse correlations between CRP and beta-carotene or retinol indicate either decreased synthesis or increased utilization of these antioxidants.	beta Carotene	41-54	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	33-36
14563393-1	2003	In addition to its antioxidant activity, beta-carotene (BC) is known to enhance gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) by up-regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), an action that may be important in its control of tumor growth.	beta Carotene	41-54	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	148-159
14704328-1	2004	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygensae (betaCMOOX) is the key enzyme involved in the metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids to retinal.	beta Carotene	100-112	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	41-50
14704328-4	2004	BetaCMOOX cleaves beta,beta-carotene to retinal in an in vitro activity assay; no apo-carotenals were identified.	beta Carotene	23-36	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-9
14640568-4	2003	Significant correlations (p &lt; 0.05) between b*, Cab* and h(ab) and the content of beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin and beta-carotene were found.	beta Carotene	129-142	neural proliferation, differentiation and control 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
14959951-6	2003	RESULTS: Higher plasma concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin were associated with reduced risk of low grip, hip, and knee strength.	beta Carotene	57-70	glutamate receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
14563393-1	2003	In addition to its antioxidant activity, beta-carotene (BC) is known to enhance gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) by up-regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), an action that may be important in its control of tumor growth.	beta Carotene	41-54	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	161-165
14563393-1	2003	In addition to its antioxidant activity, beta-carotene (BC) is known to enhance gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) by up-regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), an action that may be important in its control of tumor growth.	beta Carotene	56-58	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	148-159
14563393-1	2003	In addition to its antioxidant activity, beta-carotene (BC) is known to enhance gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) by up-regulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), an action that may be important in its control of tumor growth.	beta Carotene	56-58	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	161-165
14671486-5	2003	The effects of beta-carotene were evaluated by changes in myeloperoxidase activity, histology, and histomorphometry.	beta Carotene	15-28	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	58-73
14671486-6	2003	RESULTS: Feeding beta-carotene resulted in suppressed mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, both basal and that induced by acetic acid injection.	beta Carotene	17-30	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	62-77
12947436-5	2003	RESULTS: C-reactive protein concentration (dichotomized at the sex-specific 85th percentile) was inversely and significantly associated with concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and selenium after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, cotinine concentration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, and aspirin use.	beta Carotene	211-224	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	9-27
14511231-6	2003	Higher values of total serum IgG were found in the beta-carotene-enriched diet group on day 7.	beta Carotene	51-64	immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-62	Mus musculus	29-32
14743546-7	2003	Using a limit of 0.6 mg/L (75th percentile), significantly lower levels were observed for transthyretin, iron, retinol, and beta-carotene in the group with the higher CRP levels.	beta Carotene	124-137	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	167-170
12880110-7	2003	These results, however, lead to the hypothesis that some cattle have a reduced capacity to metabolize beta-carotene to various forms of vitamin A, a compound that can reduce delta9 desaturase enzyme activity.	beta Carotene	102-115	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	174-191
12791620-8	2003	RESULTS: In men, dietary carotenoids were inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), plasma beta-carotene concentrations were inversely associated with insulin resistance (P = 0.003), and dietary lycopene was directly related to baseline serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (P = 0.034).	beta Carotene	128-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
12709591-9	2003	Pretreament of cell cultures with the antioxidant agents, beta-carotene and allopurinol, before exposure to A/R led to a marked decrease of HO-1 and HSP70 mRNA expression during reoxygenation.	beta Carotene	58-71	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
12709591-9	2003	Pretreament of cell cultures with the antioxidant agents, beta-carotene and allopurinol, before exposure to A/R led to a marked decrease of HO-1 and HSP70 mRNA expression during reoxygenation.	beta Carotene	58-71	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
12741936-7	2003	There were significant inverse linear relationships between concentrations of CRP and plasma concentrations of the antioxidants lycopene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin and retinol.	beta Carotene	138-151	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
12668631-0	2003	Provitamin A conversion to retinal via the beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (bcox) is essential for pattern formation and differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis.	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Danio rerio	43-78
12668631-0	2003	Provitamin A conversion to retinal via the beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (bcox) is essential for pattern formation and differentiation during zebrafish embryogenesis.	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Danio rerio	80-84
12727803-12	2003	Stratification by GSTM1 genotype, however, showed a significant negative association between DNA adduct levels and plasma levels of alpha- (P = 0.02) and beta-carotene (P = 0.02) in subjects with the GSTM1 null genotype.	beta Carotene	154-167	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
12680777-5	2003	beta-carotene was specifically bound to Lhca3 in addition to the xanthophylls violaxanthin and lutein, indicating a peculiar structure of carotenoid binding sites in this protein since it is the only one so far identified with the ability of binding beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	0-13	PSI type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-45
12680777-5	2003	beta-carotene was specifically bound to Lhca3 in addition to the xanthophylls violaxanthin and lutein, indicating a peculiar structure of carotenoid binding sites in this protein since it is the only one so far identified with the ability of binding beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	250-263	PSI type III chlorophyll a/b-binding protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-45
12727803-12	2003	Stratification by GSTM1 genotype, however, showed a significant negative association between DNA adduct levels and plasma levels of alpha- (P = 0.02) and beta-carotene (P = 0.02) in subjects with the GSTM1 null genotype.	beta Carotene	154-167	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	200-205
12566071-0	2003	Beta-carotene suppresses UVA-induced HO-1 gene expression in cultured FEK4.	beta Carotene	0-13	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
12566071-5	2003	In this study, we measured the suppression of UVA-induced levels of HO-1 mRNA after the addition of a series of six all-trans-beta-carotene concentrations (0.07, 0.2, 0.8, 2.3, 8.0, and 21 microM) to the culture medium of exponentially growing FEK4 cells.	beta Carotene	126-139	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
12566071-7	2003	The results of this study show a concentration-dependent suppression of UVA- (250 kJ/m(2)) induced transcriptional activation of HO-1 in exponentially growing FEK4 cells by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	173-186	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
12566471-7	2003	In all cell lines studied, alpha-tocopherol and N-acetylcysteine inhibited the effects of beta-carotene on NF-kappaB, cell growth and apoptosis, and normalized the increased expression of c-myc induced by the carotenoid.	beta Carotene	90-103	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	107-116
12693967-4	2003	The antioxidant activity of beta-carotene, in contrast to homogeneous solutions, in both micellar systems studied depended on the degree of PUFA unsaturation.	beta Carotene	28-41	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
12566471-8	2003	These data suggest that the redox regulation of NF-kappaB induced by beta-carotene is involved in the growth-inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of the carotenoid in tumor cells.	beta Carotene	69-82	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	48-57
12384802-7	2002	RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed a significant risk reduction with increased intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folic acid for both AC and for SCC.	beta Carotene	94-107	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	166-169
12566471-0	2003	Beta-carotene regulates NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity by a redox mechanism in human leukemia and colon adenocarcinoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-33
12566471-6	2003	NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity increased at 3 h and persisted for at least 48 h. Colon adenocarcinoma cells displayed substantial differences in their sensitivity to beta-carotene, exhibiting increased ROS levels and activation of NF-kappaB at concentrations much lower in LS-174 cells (2.5-5.0 micro mol/L) than in WiDr cells (50-100 micro mol/L).	beta Carotene	166-179	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
12566471-6	2003	NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity increased at 3 h and persisted for at least 48 h. Colon adenocarcinoma cells displayed substantial differences in their sensitivity to beta-carotene, exhibiting increased ROS levels and activation of NF-kappaB at concentrations much lower in LS-174 cells (2.5-5.0 micro mol/L) than in WiDr cells (50-100 micro mol/L).	beta Carotene	166-179	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	231-240
12804424-19	2003	When beta-carotene was combined with retinol, data from a single study showed that there was a statistically significant, increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.80) and mortality (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.38) in people with risk factors for lung cancer who took both vitamins compared with those who took placebo.	beta Carotene	5-18	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	163-167
12804424-19	2003	When beta-carotene was combined with retinol, data from a single study showed that there was a statistically significant, increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.80) and mortality (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.38) in people with risk factors for lung cancer who took both vitamins compared with those who took placebo.	beta Carotene	5-18	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	205-209
12804424-20	2003	Data from also from one study showed that the combination of beta-carotene with alpha-tocopherol in people with risk factors for lung cancer was associated with a non-statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.96-1.39) and mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.91-1.45).	beta Carotene	61-74	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	234-238
12804424-20	2003	Data from also from one study showed that the combination of beta-carotene with alpha-tocopherol in people with risk factors for lung cancer was associated with a non-statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.96-1.39) and mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.91-1.45).	beta Carotene	61-74	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	276-280
12506054-1	2003	PURPOSE: Beta-carotene 15,15" monooxygenase (beta-CM) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal, the first step in vitamin A synthesis.	beta Carotene	88-101	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	9-43
12506054-1	2003	PURPOSE: Beta-carotene 15,15" monooxygenase (beta-CM) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal, the first step in vitamin A synthesis.	beta Carotene	88-101	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	45-52
12468619-8	2002	beta-Carotene (3 micro mol/L) tended to upregulate connexin 43 expression (P = 0.07) and significantly affected transcription of connexin 43 at 7 micro mol/L (P &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	0-13	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-62
12468619-8	2002	beta-Carotene (3 micro mol/L) tended to upregulate connexin 43 expression (P = 0.07) and significantly affected transcription of connexin 43 at 7 micro mol/L (P &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	0-13	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	129-140
12468619-11	2002	beta-Carotene was avidly and rapidly incorporated into KB-1 cells, whereas lycopene uptake into the cells took place after longer incubation periods and only at the highest concentrations.	beta Carotene	0-13	folate receptor 1 pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
12324436-4	2002	Pigment analysis and a comparison of the 5 K absorption spectra of the various particles suggests that the PSI-L and PSI-H subunits together bind approximately five chlorophyll a molecules with absorption maxima near 688 and 667 nm, that the PSI-G subunit binds approximately two red-shifted beta-carotene molecules, that PSI-200 particles without PSI-K lack a part of the peripheral antenna, and that the PSI-N subunit does not bind pigments.	beta Carotene	292-305	photosystem I subunit l	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-112
12324436-4	2002	Pigment analysis and a comparison of the 5 K absorption spectra of the various particles suggests that the PSI-L and PSI-H subunits together bind approximately five chlorophyll a molecules with absorption maxima near 688 and 667 nm, that the PSI-G subunit binds approximately two red-shifted beta-carotene molecules, that PSI-200 particles without PSI-K lack a part of the peripheral antenna, and that the PSI-N subunit does not bind pigments.	beta Carotene	292-305	photosystem I subunit G	Arabidopsis thaliana	242-247
14769541-2	2003	We found that beta-Carotene induces apoptosis by the activation of caspase-3 in human leukemia (HL-60), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) as well as melanoma (SK-MEL-2) cell lines.	beta Carotene	14-27	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	67-76
14769541-4	2003	Although caspase-8 cleavage is an early event, reaching its maximum activation at 3 h, caspase-9 reaches its maximum activation only at 6 h. The addition of IETD-CHO, a caspase-8-specific inhibitor, completely prevents beta-Carotene-induced apoptosis, whereas only a partial prevention was observed in the presence of LEHD-CHO, a caspase-9-specific inhibitor.	beta Carotene	219-232	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	87-96
14769541-4	2003	Although caspase-8 cleavage is an early event, reaching its maximum activation at 3 h, caspase-9 reaches its maximum activation only at 6 h. The addition of IETD-CHO, a caspase-8-specific inhibitor, completely prevents beta-Carotene-induced apoptosis, whereas only a partial prevention was observed in the presence of LEHD-CHO, a caspase-9-specific inhibitor.	beta Carotene	219-232	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	169-178
14769541-5	2003	beta-Carotene activates caspase-9 via cytochrome c release from mitochondria and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dym).	beta Carotene	0-13	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	24-33
14769541-5	2003	beta-Carotene activates caspase-9 via cytochrome c release from mitochondria and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dym).	beta Carotene	0-13	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	38-50
14769541-5	2003	beta-Carotene activates caspase-9 via cytochrome c release from mitochondria and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dym).	beta Carotene	0-13	dymeclin	Homo sapiens	123-126
12324296-9	2002	C-reactive protein concentrations were inversely related to beta-carotene (P &lt; 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (P &lt; 0.001), and lycopene (P = 0.023) concentrations.	beta Carotene	60-73	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
12056790-7	2002	In normal subjects and cancer patients, C-reactive protein concentrations were inversely correlated with circulating concentrations of retinol (r(2)=0.162), alpha-tocopherol (r(2)=0.297), lutein (r(2)=0.256), lycopene (r(2)=-0.171), alpha-(r(2)=0.140) and beta-carotene (r(2)=0.254): (all P&lt;0.001).	beta Carotene	256-269	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	40-58
12448825-4	2002	Effect of antioxidants on the activation of caspase-3 was determined by feeding a group of diabetic rats diet supplemented with a comprehensive mixture of antioxidants, including Trolox, alpha-tocopherol, N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene and selenium for 2-14 months, and also under in vitro conditions by incubating isolated retinal capillary cells with antioxidants with wide range of actions.	beta Carotene	239-252	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
12665297-4	2002	The core antennae (CP43, CP47) are presumed to contain beta-carotene molecules in clusters.	beta Carotene	55-68	beaded filament structural protein 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
12180130-8	2002	Apoptosis induced by beta-carotene was characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, DNA degradation, PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation.	beta Carotene	21-34	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
12180130-8	2002	Apoptosis induced by beta-carotene was characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, DNA degradation, PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation.	beta Carotene	21-34	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	141-150
11960992-7	2002	The current data suggest that the human BCO enzyme may, in addition to its well established role in the digestive system, also play a role in peripheral vitamin A synthesis from plasma-borne provitamin A carotenoids.	beta Carotene	191-203	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
12057767-7	2002	Indeed, in the presence of 0.5-1.0 microM beta-carotene or lycopene, the UVA-induced MMP-1 mRNA was further increased by 1.5-2-fold.	beta Carotene	42-55	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
12057767-10	2002	Indeed, beta-carotene or lycopene (0.5-1.0 microM) led to a further 1.5-fold rise in the UVA-induced HO-1 mRNA levels.	beta Carotene	8-21	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
12057767-12	2002	Lycopene and beta-carotene did not protect on their own but in the presence of vitamin E, their stability in culture was improved and the rise in MMP-1 mRNA expression was suppressed, suggesting a requirement for antioxidant protection of the carotenoids against formation of oxidative derivatives that can influence the cellular and molecular responses.	beta Carotene	13-26	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
12042460-0	2002	Excentric cleavage products of beta-carotene inhibit estrogen receptor positive and negative breast tumor cell growth in vitro and inhibit activator protein-1-mediated transcriptional activation.	beta Carotene	31-44	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	139-158
12120953-2	2002	Among biological compounds, beta-carotene has been reported to have immune modulatory effects, in particular, enhancement of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages.	beta Carotene	28-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	158-185
11908745-1	2002	When the diets of ferrets were supplemented with large (pharmacologic) daily doses of beta-carotene (BC) for 6 months, the levels of retinoic acid and the retinoic acid receptor beta declined significantly in lung tissues.	beta Carotene	86-99	retinoic acid receptor beta	Mustela putorius furo	155-182
11908745-1	2002	When the diets of ferrets were supplemented with large (pharmacologic) daily doses of beta-carotene (BC) for 6 months, the levels of retinoic acid and the retinoic acid receptor beta declined significantly in lung tissues.	beta Carotene	101-103	retinoic acid receptor beta	Mustela putorius furo	155-182
11807783-6	2002	In accord with these findings, in undifferentiated cells, beta-carotene was more effective in decreasing cyclin A and Bcl-2 expression and in increasing p21 and p27 expression.	beta Carotene	58-71	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	153-156
11807783-6	2002	In accord with these findings, in undifferentiated cells, beta-carotene was more effective in decreasing cyclin A and Bcl-2 expression and in increasing p21 and p27 expression.	beta Carotene	58-71	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	161-164
11807783-6	2002	In accord with these findings, in undifferentiated cells, beta-carotene was more effective in decreasing cyclin A and Bcl-2 expression and in increasing p21 and p27 expression.	beta Carotene	58-71	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	105-113
11849667-5	2002	PON activity correlated negatively (r=-0.31 to -0.37) with intake of vegetables, total and water-soluble fiber, as well as intake of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	133-146	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
11807783-6	2002	In accord with these findings, in undifferentiated cells, beta-carotene was more effective in decreasing cyclin A and Bcl-2 expression and in increasing p21 and p27 expression.	beta Carotene	58-71	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	118-123
12200905-7	2002	After 6 mo of beta-carotene supplementation, the plasma levels of beta-carotene and vitamin E increased and the plasma levels of TNF-alpha and malondialdehyde decreased in both groups.	beta Carotene	14-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
11756218-0	2002	Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines by beta-carotene through down-regulation of cyclin A and Bcl-2 family proteins.	beta Carotene	89-102	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	130-138
11756218-0	2002	Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines by beta-carotene through down-regulation of cyclin A and Bcl-2 family proteins.	beta Carotene	89-102	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	143-148
11756218-5	2002	At inhibitory concentrations beta-carotene reduced the expression of cyclin A, a key regulator of G(2)/M progression.	beta Carotene	29-42	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	69-77
12588696-7	2002	Serum concentrations of beta-carotene and zeaxanthin + lutein were significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in p53-positive and p53-negative cancers.	beta Carotene	24-37	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	126-129
12242690-3	2002	Beta-carotene treatment resulted in the reversal of the diabetes-induced increase in hepatic and cardiac catalase activity, the decreased levels of glutathione disulfide in the heart, and the increased cardiac and renal levels of lipid peroxidation.	beta Carotene	0-13	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	105-113
12242690-4	2002	Treatment with beta-carotene exacerbated the increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart and the decreased catalase activity in the kidneys.	beta Carotene	15-28	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	118-126
12588696-7	2002	Serum concentrations of beta-carotene and zeaxanthin + lutein were significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in p53-positive and p53-negative cancers.	beta Carotene	24-37	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	143-146
11532871-1	2001	Effects of beta-carotene (betaCT) on microsomal CYP-linked monooxygenases were investigated using both the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation of testosterone (as multibiomarker) and highly specific substrates as probes of various isoenzymes.	beta Carotene	11-24	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11741586-0	2001	The effect of beta-carotene on the expression of interleukin-6 and heme oxygenase-1 in UV-irradiated human skin fibroblasts in vitro.	beta Carotene	14-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	49-62
11741586-0	2001	The effect of beta-carotene on the expression of interleukin-6 and heme oxygenase-1 in UV-irradiated human skin fibroblasts in vitro.	beta Carotene	14-27	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	67-83
11741586-2	2001	However, we recently demonstrated that beta-carotene has a pro-oxidant potential in cultured human skin fibroblasts because it enhances the UVA induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	beta Carotene	39-52	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	157-173
11741586-2	2001	However, we recently demonstrated that beta-carotene has a pro-oxidant potential in cultured human skin fibroblasts because it enhances the UVA induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	beta Carotene	39-52	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
11741586-3	2001	Herein, we further show that beta-carotene also strongly promotes the UVA induction of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in skin fibroblasts in vitro.	beta Carotene	29-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	104-117
11741586-3	2001	Herein, we further show that beta-carotene also strongly promotes the UVA induction of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in skin fibroblasts in vitro.	beta Carotene	29-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-123
11843179-5	2001	Beta-Carotene showed only low cytotoxicity for confluent cells tested up to 30 microM, but at dietary relevant concentrations for the intestinal tract (10, 30 microM) beta-carotene was strongly cytotoxic for growing cells and induced apoptosis in HT29 cells as assessed by the Annexin-V assay (the maximal effect was observed 15 h after treatment with beta-carotene).	beta Carotene	167-180	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	277-286
12031251-5	2001	Compared to controls, the oval cell proliferation peaks (observed by histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry) and connexin 43 expression peaks, were postponed to later days after hepatectomy, in a similar way in beta-carotene and vitamin A treated animals.	beta Carotene	227-240	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-140
12031251-7	2001	It was concluded that beta-carotene and vitamin A modulated oval cell proliferation and connexin 43 expression, delaying both events.	beta Carotene	22-35	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-99
11694619-5	2001	Uptake of micellar beta-carotene and lutein was greatly suppressed by phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), the lipolysis product of PC by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), markedly enhanced both beta-carotene and lutein uptake.	beta Carotene	19-32	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	196-212
11694619-5	2001	Uptake of micellar beta-carotene and lutein was greatly suppressed by phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), the lipolysis product of PC by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), markedly enhanced both beta-carotene and lutein uptake.	beta Carotene	19-32	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	214-218
11584158-9	2001	Beta-carotene alone also significantly induced CYP4A1 protein (328 +/- 49 vs. 158 +/- 17 densitometric units, p &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	0-13	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
11584158-12	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Beta-carotene potentiates the CYP2E1 induction by ethanol in rat liver and also increases CYP4A1, which may, at least in part, explain the associated hepatotoxicity.	beta Carotene	13-26	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
11584158-12	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Beta-carotene potentiates the CYP2E1 induction by ethanol in rat liver and also increases CYP4A1, which may, at least in part, explain the associated hepatotoxicity.	beta Carotene	13-26	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
11532871-1	2001	Effects of beta-carotene (betaCT) on microsomal CYP-linked monooxygenases were investigated using both the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation of testosterone (as multibiomarker) and highly specific substrates as probes of various isoenzymes.	beta Carotene	26-32	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11493133-7	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The strong and inverse association of serum beta-carotene level with C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count suggests that the relationship between serum beta-carotene concentration and disease risk might be confounded by inflammation.	beta Carotene	57-70	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	82-100
11493133-7	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The strong and inverse association of serum beta-carotene level with C-reactive protein level and white blood cell count suggests that the relationship between serum beta-carotene concentration and disease risk might be confounded by inflammation.	beta Carotene	179-192	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	82-100
11316580-2	2001	beta-Carotene inhibited the growth of human WiDr colon adenocarcinoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, induced apoptosis, and blocked Bcl-2 expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	145-150
11409965-2	2001	From seven structurally divergent groups of flavonoids, only flavonols with a free hydroxyl group at the C-3 position of the flavonoid skeleton showed high inhibitory activity to beta-carotene oxidation.	beta Carotene	179-192	complement C3	Homo sapiens	105-108
11273854-9	2001	In infants, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were related to concentrations of plasma retinol and beta-carotene but not to zinc.	beta Carotene	112-125	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-58
11550050-1	2001	Free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid with soybean lipoxygenase was accompanied by inhibition of retinal synthesis from beta-carotene catalyzed by enzyme preparation from rabbit intestinal mucosa.	beta Carotene	125-138	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	56-68
11550050-2	2001	Lipoxygenase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid and antioxidants suppressing free radical reactions (ethyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, astaxanthine, and quercetin) promoted conversion of beta-carotene into retinal catalyzed by beta-carotene-15,15"-dioxygenase.	beta Carotene	184-197	polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-12
11550050-2	2001	Lipoxygenase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid and antioxidants suppressing free radical reactions (ethyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, astaxanthine, and quercetin) promoted conversion of beta-carotene into retinal catalyzed by beta-carotene-15,15"-dioxygenase.	beta Carotene	224-237	polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-12
12525089-0	2001	[Effects of beta-carotene and vitamin C on the expression of c-myc in human leukemic cell].	beta Carotene	12-25	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	61-66
12525089-1	2001	In order to study the effects of beta-carotene and vitamin C(VC) on the expression of c-myc oncogene in human leukemic cell, myelogenous leukemic cell line HL-60 was cultured in vitro with standard methods.	beta Carotene	33-46	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	86-91
12525089-5	2001	VC(5 mumol/L) had no influence on the expression of c-myc gene(P &gt; 0.05), but beta-carotene could up-regulate the expression of c-myc(P &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	81-94	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	131-136
12525089-6	2001	Our observations suggested that the inhibitory effect of beta-carotene on the proliferation of leukemic cells was caused by inducing apoptosis of HL-60 through up-regulating the expression of c-myc gene; however, the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on cell proliferation was not related to the expression of c-myc gene.	beta Carotene	57-70	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	192-197
12525089-6	2001	Our observations suggested that the inhibitory effect of beta-carotene on the proliferation of leukemic cells was caused by inducing apoptosis of HL-60 through up-regulating the expression of c-myc gene; however, the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on cell proliferation was not related to the expression of c-myc gene.	beta Carotene	57-70	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	307-312
11332029-3	2001	Photosensitized damage to K562 leukemia cells from cis-di(4-sulfonatophenyl)diphenylporphine, hypericin and protoporphyrin IX was inhibited by GRP-carotenal under conditions where beta-apo-8"-carotenal, beta-carotene and crocetin were ineffective.	beta Carotene	203-216	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	143-146
10980399-2	2000	The central cleavage pathway involves the metabolism of beta-carotene at the central double bond (15, 15") to produce retinal by beta-carotene 15, 15"-dioxygenase (E.C.888990988).	beta Carotene	56-69	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-162
11250537-7	2001	These developmental inductions of beta-carotene cleavage enzyme and retinal reductase activities in the duodenum coincided with those of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) and lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	beta Carotene	34-47	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	192-225
11250537-7	2001	These developmental inductions of beta-carotene cleavage enzyme and retinal reductase activities in the duodenum coincided with those of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) and lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	beta Carotene	34-47	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	227-231
11276828-2	2001	In our previous studies, IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE, commercially known as ActiVin) demonstrated excellent concentration- and dose-dependent free radical scavenging abilities in both in vitro and in vivo models and provided significantly better protection than vitamins C, E and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	300-313	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	96-103
11242473-1	2000	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal epithelial cells and plays a pivotal role in intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinol and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	196-209	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-41
11242473-1	2000	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal epithelial cells and plays a pivotal role in intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinol and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	196-209	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
10965524-0	2000	beta-Carotene fails to act as a tumor promoter, induces RAR expression, and prevents carcinoma formation in a two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis in male Sencar mice.	beta Carotene	0-13	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	56-59
10856518-8	2000	Pre-incubation of HAEC with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced VCAM-1 expression by 29, 28, and 13%, respectively.	beta Carotene	28-41	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
10856518-9	2000	Pre-incubation with beta-carotene and lutein significantly reduced E-selectin expression by 38 and 34%, respectively.	beta Carotene	20-33	selectin E	Homo sapiens	67-77
10856518-10	2000	Pre-treatment with beta-carotene, lutein and lycopene significantly reduced the expression of ICAM-1 by 11, 14, and 18%, respectively.	beta Carotene	19-32	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
10809906-2	2000	PATIENTS AND METHODS: The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx, EC 1.11.1.9) of blood plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as the plasma levels of ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, were measured in 75 subjects with HIV infection and in 26 controls.	beta Carotene	270-283	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	64-84
10759853-0	2000	The antiproliferative effect of beta-carotene requires p21waf1/cip1 in normal human fibroblasts.	beta Carotene	32-45	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	55-67
10759853-4	2000	These results clearly demonstrate that p21waf1/cip1 is involved directly in the molecular pathway by which beta-carotene inhibits cell-cycle progression.	beta Carotene	107-120	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	47-51
10727905-7	2000	Significant protection of the radiation-induced changes in the activities of SOD and catalase was also recorded in the blood and liver of beta-carotene-treated and -irradiated rats.	beta Carotene	138-151	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
10930142-10	2000	Also, the serum level of beta-carotene was decreased in patients with coronary heart disease (174.0+/-95.7 pmol/mg serum protein vs 313.2+/-141.5 pmol/mg serum protein in Control group) (p &lt; 0.01), while apolipoprotein B was increased significantly (1.20+/-0.34 g/l in patients with coronary heart disease vs 0.86+/-0.23 g/l in Control group) (p &lt; 0.001).	beta Carotene	25-38	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	207-223
10677093-1	2000	CONTEXT: Although basic research provides plausible mechanisms for benefits of beta carotene supplementation on nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) primarily consisting of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), observational studies are inconsistent.	beta Carotene	79-92	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	223-226
10691066-3	2000	PHS II will utilize a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design to test alternate day beta-carotene, alternate day vitamin E, daily vitamin C, and a daily multivitamin, in the prevention of total and prostate cancer, CVD, and the age-related eye diseases, cataract and macular degeneration.	beta Carotene	75-88	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
12520930-9	2000	The frequencies of transformation of HLF cell exposed to beta-carotene and vitamin C were decreased significantly.	beta Carotene	57-70	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	37-40
12520930-12	2000	The protection of beta-carotene and vitamin C on the transformation of HLF cell induced by Ni2O3 was observed.	beta Carotene	18-31	HLF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	71-74
10691066-12	2000	Finally, PHS II is the only trial testing a priori the hypotheses that beta-carotene and vitamin E may reduce the risks of prostate cancer.	beta Carotene	71-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	9-15
10691066-13	2000	Thus, PHS II will add unique as well as importantly relevant and complementary information to the totality of evidence from other completed and ongoing large-scale randomized trials on the balance of benefits and risks of beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and multivitamins alone and in combination on prevention of cancer, CVD and eye diseases.	beta Carotene	222-235	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
10969995-8	2000	The brain and testicular antioxidants, SOD, GST, and GSH, decreased by Cd alone, were restored by beta-carotene cotreatment.	beta Carotene	98-111	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
10965525-8	2000	Long-term BC or RA treatment elicited a substantial decrement in reduced glutathione content and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and an increment in cytochrome P-450 content and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the HNs and NNSP, which were otherwise reversed in rats that received DEN-PB treatment alone.	beta Carotene	10-12	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	211-236
11142098-2	2000	The 9-cis isomer was less active than all-trans beta-carotene in reducing proliferation and in upregulating expression of connexin 43 in 10T1/2 cells.	beta Carotene	48-61	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	122-133
10386321-2	1999	Milk fat contains a number of components, such as conjugated linoleic acid, sphingomyelin, butyric acid, ether lipids, beta-carotene, and vitamins A and D that have anticancer potential.	beta Carotene	119-132	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
10595786-4	1999	The objective of the current study was to answer the question "Does supplementation with beta-carotene, lycopene, or lutein, at dietarily achievable levels, over a time period known to significantly increase circulating carote concentrations, lead to an observable increase in fasting plasma PUFA?"	beta Carotene	89-102	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	292-296
10525141-7	1999	A slightly increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.44) for vascular surgery was observed among beta-carotene supplemented men compared to those who did not receive beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	129-142	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily T member 4	Homo sapiens	27-47
10525141-7	1999	A slightly increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-2.44) for vascular surgery was observed among beta-carotene supplemented men compared to those who did not receive beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	198-211	olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily T member 4	Homo sapiens	27-47
10606550-1	1999	A number of products including apocarotenal, epoxycarotenal, apocarotenone, and epoxycarotenone generated by lipoxygenase (LOX) catalyzed co-oxidation of beta-carotene have been tentatively identified through the use of GC/MS and HPLC combined with photodiode array detection.	beta Carotene	154-167	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	109-121
10606550-1	1999	A number of products including apocarotenal, epoxycarotenal, apocarotenone, and epoxycarotenone generated by lipoxygenase (LOX) catalyzed co-oxidation of beta-carotene have been tentatively identified through the use of GC/MS and HPLC combined with photodiode array detection.	beta Carotene	154-167	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	123-126
10606550-3	1999	It is suggested that a direct release from the enzyme of the radical, which initiates the co-oxidation of beta-carotene, is greater for pea LOX-3 than for pea LOX-2 or soybean LOX-1.	beta Carotene	106-119	seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-3	Glycine max	140-145
10606550-3	1999	It is suggested that a direct release from the enzyme of the radical, which initiates the co-oxidation of beta-carotene, is greater for pea LOX-3 than for pea LOX-2 or soybean LOX-1.	beta Carotene	106-119	seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-2	Glycine max	159-164
10606550-3	1999	It is suggested that a direct release from the enzyme of the radical, which initiates the co-oxidation of beta-carotene, is greater for pea LOX-3 than for pea LOX-2 or soybean LOX-1.	beta Carotene	106-119	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	140-143
10411240-5	1999	RESULTS: Treatment with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and lutein promoted UCP1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, with an effectiveness that was related to their potency as vitamin A precursors.	beta Carotene	24-37	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	74-78
10466750-5	1999	The villus-crypt gradient of the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme activity corresponded with those of retinal reductase activity and lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, but distinct from that of acyl-CoA: retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity.	beta Carotene	33-46	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	130-163
10234744-4	1999	This work has studied the effect of Protection Zellaktiv (Smith Kline Beecham, Fink Naturarznei GmbH), a preparation containing selenium, vitamins C, E, B2, niacin and beta-carotene on the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, levels of glutathione malondialdehyde selenium, iron, zinc, triglicerides, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, before and after physical exercise.	beta Carotene	168-181	catalase	Homo sapiens	228-236
10466750-5	1999	The villus-crypt gradient of the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme activity corresponded with those of retinal reductase activity and lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, but distinct from that of acyl-CoA: retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity.	beta Carotene	33-46	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	165-169
10466750-7	1999	These results suggest that the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme is coordinately distributed along the villus-crypt axis with retinal reductase and LRAT, the two enzymes which require cellular retinol-binding protein, typeII (CRBPII) as the donor of the substrate.	beta Carotene	31-44	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
10466750-7	1999	These results suggest that the beta-carotene cleavage enzyme is coordinately distributed along the villus-crypt axis with retinal reductase and LRAT, the two enzymes which require cellular retinol-binding protein, typeII (CRBPII) as the donor of the substrate.	beta Carotene	31-44	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	222-228
9855158-13	1998	Among those taking insulin, increased intake of beta-carotene was associated with a risk for severity of DR (odds ratio = 3.31, P = 0.003, and 2.99, P = 0.002, respectively, for the ninth and tenth deciles compared to the first quintile).	beta Carotene	48-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
10506831-6	1999	Similarly, CRBP and/or other retinoid-binding proteins function in the synthesis of retinal esters, the reduction of retinal generated from intestinal beta-carotene metabolism, and retinoic acid metabolism.	beta Carotene	151-164	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
9810147-10	1998	When smokers were divided into "high" and "low" groups according to mean level of plasma beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol, in the low beta-carotene group, the subjects with CYP1A1 minor homozygotes had higher DNA adduct levels than those with other CYP1A1 genotypes.	beta Carotene	89-102	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	174-180
9827288-0	1998	Effect of oral beta-carotene supplementation on plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels and CD4+ cell counts in HIV-infected patients.	beta Carotene	15-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	105-108
9827288-1	1998	We conducted a pilot, open-label study to assess the effect of short-term beta-carotene administration (180 mg/d with meals for 4 weeks) on the plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels and CD4+ lymphocyte counts in 21 HIV-infected patients.	beta Carotene	74-87	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	201-204
9827288-3	1998	Patients with lower serum concentrations of beta-carotene before supplementation were no more likely to have an increase in their CD4+ lymphocyte count or plasma HIV RNA copy number than were those with higher concentrations.	beta Carotene	44-57	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	130-133
9771550-2	1998	When inducer and test substances were given simultaneously, beta-carotene, retinal and alpha-tocopherol caused a dose-dependent decrease of SCE frequencies induced by Trp-P-2 and CP.	beta Carotene	60-73	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	167-181
9810147-10	1998	When smokers were divided into "high" and "low" groups according to mean level of plasma beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol, in the low beta-carotene group, the subjects with CYP1A1 minor homozygotes had higher DNA adduct levels than those with other CYP1A1 genotypes.	beta Carotene	135-148	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	174-180
10322914-3	1997	RESULTS: Mutant frequency at the HGPRT locus was elevated by 60Co-gamma 3.75 Gy, and was reduced by ig beta-car 20 and 10 mg.kg-1 (P &lt; 0.05), but not by beta-Car 5 mg.kg-1.	beta Carotene	156-164	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
9746436-7	1998	Peak 1 and 7 coincided with the retention time of beta-carotene (1.8 min) and lutein (10.8 min) respectively.	beta Carotene	50-63	pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
9806123-2	1998	The anticancer efficacy of beta-carotene (beta C) was evaluated by estimating some biochemical parameters during the initiation stage of HC.	beta Carotene	27-40	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	42-48
9790519-12	1998	The level of apoB-bound cholesterol in nomLDL, correlated positively with the ubiquinone-10 content and showed negative correlation with ubiquinol-10 and beta-carotene levels.	beta Carotene	154-167	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	13-17
9545562-7	1998	Ascorbate and beta-carotene showed low but significant correlation with P450scc and plasma progesterone levels.	beta Carotene	14-27	cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	72-79
9536928-7	1998	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with lower retinol levels and higher levels of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin than sex-matched, first-degree relatives.	beta Carotene	98-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9665110-2	1998	In an attempt to determine the mechanism of beta-carotene"s effect, we analyzed the production of NK cell-enhancing cytokines (interferon alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin 12).	beta Carotene	44-57	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	127-181
9526112-1	1998	The effect of antioxidants (vitamins C and E, quercetin, probucol, butylated hydroxytoluene) on the oxidation of beta-carotene and its conversion into retinal under the influence of beta-carotene 15,15"- dioxygenase (CDO) from rat intestinal mucosa was studied.	beta Carotene	113-126	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-215
9526112-5	1998	The combined injection of antioxidants and beta-carotene to animals completely or partially prevented the inhibition of the intestinal CDO which was caused by products of non-enzymatic oxidation of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	43-56	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
9526112-5	1998	The combined injection of antioxidants and beta-carotene to animals completely or partially prevented the inhibition of the intestinal CDO which was caused by products of non-enzymatic oxidation of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	198-211	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
10322914-0	1997	[Effect of beta-carotene on 60Co-gamma-induced mutation at T-lymphocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in rats].	beta Carotene	11-24	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	72-119
9075202-5	1997	In contrast, the phenoxyl radicals generated from phenol (by native myeloperoxidase in HL-60 cells or HRP/H2O2 in model systems) effectively oxidized beta-carotene and other carotenoids (canthaxanthin, lutein, lycopene).	beta Carotene	150-163	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	68-83
9271248-8	1997	Other reactions must therefore be considered, including hydrogen abstraction from positions allylic to the polyene chain (C-4 of beta,beta-carotene and its derivatives, and of lycopene).	beta Carotene	134-147	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	122-125
9241113-13	1997	In the subset of HIV-positive patients with abnormal peak growth hormone levels after clonidine stimulation, growth hormone response correlated positively with CD4+ count (r = .657, p = .0056) and beta carotene concentration (R = .596, p = .0192).	beta Carotene	197-210	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	109-123
9137456-7	1997	In addition, beta-carotene was able to negate the inhibitory action of CLA on the phagocytic activity of macrophages.	beta Carotene	13-26	clasper	Mus musculus	71-74
9268918-8	1997	Beta-carotene also increased osteopontin mRNA expression, reaching a plateau at 1 microM.	beta Carotene	0-13	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	29-40
9168909-0	1997	Hypocholesterolemic effect of lycopene and beta-carotene is related to suppression of cholesterol synthesis and augmentation of LDL receptor activity in macrophages.	beta Carotene	43-56	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	128-140
9168909-5	1997	However, unlike LDL derived cholesterol, which also suppresses macrophage LDL receptor activity, lycopene and beta-carotene augmented the activity of the macrophage LDL receptor, similarly to the effect of fluvasfatin.	beta Carotene	110-123	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	165-177
9100008-10	1997	The photodegradation of cytochrome b559 and the photobleaching of beta-carotene and chlorophyll-670 measured in Mn-depleted photosystem II preparations are also strongly retarded when K-15 is present.	beta Carotene	66-79	keratin 15	Homo sapiens	184-188
9067549-7	1997	The association between smoking-adjusted plasma beta-carotene levels and DNA damage was only significant in those subjects lacking the GSTM1 detoxification gene (beta = -0.30, P = 0.05, n = 75).	beta Carotene	48-61	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
9042816-2	1997	This article describes the effect of dietary beta-carotene supplementation on both the expression of functionally associated surface molecules on human monocytes and on the secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by monocytes, all of which are involved in the initiation and regulation of immune responses involved in tumor surveillance.	beta Carotene	45-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	199-226
9042816-2	1997	This article describes the effect of dietary beta-carotene supplementation on both the expression of functionally associated surface molecules on human monocytes and on the secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by monocytes, all of which are involved in the initiation and regulation of immune responses involved in tumor surveillance.	beta Carotene	45-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	228-237
9815667-0	1997	Induction of transforming growth factor beta-1 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in vivo after treatment with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	114-127	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
9815667-5	1997	The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of TGF-beta1 was altered in patients enrolled in a clinical trial designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of beta-carotene, a carotenoid metabolized to retinol, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	beta Carotene	173-186	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-74
9815667-8	1997	A significant increase in intracellular TGF-beta1 immunoreactivity was noted in cervical epithelial cells in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after treatment with beta-carotene (P = 0.003).	beta Carotene	179-192	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-49
9815667-9	1997	These results demonstrate regulation of a TGF-beta isoform in vivo in humans in response to beta-carotene administered as a chemopreventive agent.	beta Carotene	92-105	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-50
9275014-4	1997	The results of the present study strongly suggest that the induction of HSP70 by beta-carotene might be involved in beta-carotene-mediated suppression of the cell growth through apoptosis.	beta Carotene	81-94	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
9275014-4	1997	The results of the present study strongly suggest that the induction of HSP70 by beta-carotene might be involved in beta-carotene-mediated suppression of the cell growth through apoptosis.	beta Carotene	116-129	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
9290118-0	1997	Expression of c-myc in human colonic tissue in response to beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	59-72	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	14-19
9290119-8	1997	After supplementation with beta-carotene, a significant increase in IL-2R+ T lymphocytes (from 12.7 +/- 3.0% to 26.0 +/- 1.9%) and CD4+ lymphocytes (from 40.9 +/- 3.1% to 45.6 +/- 3.2%) was seen only in the cancer patients.	beta Carotene	27-40	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	68-73
9290119-8	1997	After supplementation with beta-carotene, a significant increase in IL-2R+ T lymphocytes (from 12.7 +/- 3.0% to 26.0 +/- 1.9%) and CD4+ lymphocytes (from 40.9 +/- 3.1% to 45.6 +/- 3.2%) was seen only in the cancer patients.	beta Carotene	27-40	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	131-134
9290119-10	1997	We concluded that beta-carotene increased the number of IL-2R+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes, which in turn may produce IL-2 only in patients with cancer who may already have some deficiency in their immune system.	beta Carotene	18-31	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	56-61
9290119-10	1997	We concluded that beta-carotene increased the number of IL-2R+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes, which in turn may produce IL-2 only in patients with cancer who may already have some deficiency in their immune system.	beta Carotene	18-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-84
9290119-10	1997	We concluded that beta-carotene increased the number of IL-2R+ T lymphocytes and CD4+ lymphocytes, which in turn may produce IL-2 only in patients with cancer who may already have some deficiency in their immune system.	beta Carotene	18-31	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
9172019-5	1996	(iii) All tested carotenoids significantly enhanced the release of interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from murine peritoneal adherent cells at the concentrations of 2 x 10(-8) to 10(-7) M and the ranks of cytokine-inducing activities were astaxanthin &gt; canthaxanthin &gt; beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	292-305	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	67-118
8921188-1	1996	beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase catalyzes the conversion of beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal.	beta Carotene	61-74	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
31195509-1	1996	The effect of the application of CO2 for extending the storage life of raw cow"s milk on the retention of some vitamins-all-trans-retinol, 13-cis-retinol, beta-carotene, alpha tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, thiamin and riboflavin-and on the growth of psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria has been studied.	beta Carotene	155-168	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	81-85
8950206-0	1996	Lack of growth inhibition or enhancement of gap junctional intercellular communication and connexin43 expression by beta-carotene in murine lung epithelial cells in vitro.	beta Carotene	116-129	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	91-101
8950206-4	1996	beta-Carotene enhanced GJIC and Cx43 expression and reduced the growth of C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts, however.	beta Carotene	0-13	gap junction protein, alpha 3	Mus musculus	32-36
24271702-1	1996	beta-Carotene was extracted from spinach Photosystem I reaction centers (one consisting of the Psa A, B, C, D and E subunits and the other consisting of the Psa A and B subunits alone), and the extract was subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography using an apparatus equipped with a two-dimensional diode-array detector; all the procedures were performed at   4  C in complete darkness.	beta Carotene	0-13	PSI P700 apoprotein A1	Spinacia oleracea	95-115
24271702-1	1996	beta-Carotene was extracted from spinach Photosystem I reaction centers (one consisting of the Psa A, B, C, D and E subunits and the other consisting of the Psa A and B subunits alone), and the extract was subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography using an apparatus equipped with a two-dimensional diode-array detector; all the procedures were performed at   4  C in complete darkness.	beta Carotene	0-13	PSI P700 apoprotein A1	Spinacia oleracea	157-168
8602309-4	1996	RESULTS: Compared with controls, women with HIV-1 infection and CD4 count below 200 cells/microliter exhibited 37% lower mean serum vitamin A levels (0.820 versus 1.308 micromol/L, P &lt; .001) and 37% lower mean serum beta-carotene levels (1.486 versus 2.362 micromol/L, P &lt; .001).	beta Carotene	219-232	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	64-67
8706246-4	1996	GST Mu levels were increased by beta-carotene and PEITC in stomach and liver, by oltipraz in liver and by alpha-tocopherol in stomach.	beta Carotene	32-45	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8706246-9	1996	In conclusion our data demonstrate that dietary administration of oltipraz, PEITC, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene, may exert chemopreventive effects in the digestive tract of the rat by enhancing GST, GPx, and, to a lesser extent, GSH levels.	beta Carotene	104-117	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
8798258-0	1996	Neutrophil elastase/alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex levels decrease in plasma of cystic fibrosis patients during long-term oral beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	133-146	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	0-19
8694017-1	1996	Absorption and metabolism of [13C]9-cis-beta-carotene ([13C]9c beta C) was studied in three subjects after a single oral dose.	beta Carotene	39-53	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	63-69
8811842-8	1996	The data presented in this study suggest possible interactions between beta-carotene and human epidermal lipoxygenase.	beta Carotene	71-84	arachidonate lipoxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	95-117
8602309-7	1996	Serum beta-carotene levels correlated with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.407, P &lt; .001), CD4 count (r = 0.614, P &lt; .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.434, P &lt; .001).	beta Carotene	6-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
8602309-7	1996	Serum beta-carotene levels correlated with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.407, P &lt; .001), CD4 count (r = 0.614, P &lt; .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.434, P &lt; .001).	beta Carotene	6-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-106
8602309-7	1996	Serum beta-carotene levels correlated with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.407, P &lt; .001), CD4 count (r = 0.614, P &lt; .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.434, P &lt; .001).	beta Carotene	6-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-106
8602309-7	1996	Serum beta-carotene levels correlated with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.407, P &lt; .001), CD4 count (r = 0.614, P &lt; .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.434, P &lt; .001).	beta Carotene	6-19	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	150-153
8602309-8	1996	CONCLUSION: Compared with levels in uninfected women, serum vitamin A and beta-carotene are decreased in HIV-1-infected pregnant women in the first trimester with CD4 counts lower than 200 cells/microliter.	beta Carotene	74-87	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	163-166
8593792-14	1996	When the dimers of RA and 4-oxo-RA, respectively beta-carotene (beta C) and canthaxanthin, were given, 24 h after administration BrdU-labeling indices comparable with the VAD value were found.	beta Carotene	49-62	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	64-70
8564924-0	1996	All-trans beta-carotene enhances mitogenic responses and ornithine decarboxylase activity of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cells induced by tumor promoter and fetal bovine serum but suppresses mutagen-dependent umu C gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535/pSK 1002).	beta Carotene	10-23	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	57-80
7554078-0	1995	Liarozole potentiates the cancer chemopreventive activity of and the up-regulation of gap junctional communication and connexin43 expression by retinoic acid and beta-carotene in 10T1/2 cells.	beta Carotene	162-175	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	119-129
8634659-0	1995	Effect of prolonged beta-carotene or DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on ornithine decarboxylase activity in human atrophic stomach mucosa.	beta Carotene	20-33	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	84-107
8634659-1	1995	The effect of beta-carotene and DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TAc) on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human atrophic stomach mucosa and intestinal metaplasia (IM) was studied in a double-blind intervention trial.	beta Carotene	14-27	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	91-114
8634659-1	1995	The effect of beta-carotene and DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-TAc) on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in human atrophic stomach mucosa and intestinal metaplasia (IM) was studied in a double-blind intervention trial.	beta Carotene	14-27	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
8564924-6	1996	(2) All-trans beta-carotene caused a remarkable stimulation for the early induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity after the stimulation of TPA and fetal bovine serum.	beta Carotene	4-27	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	87-110
8564924-6	1996	(2) All-trans beta-carotene caused a remarkable stimulation for the early induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity after the stimulation of TPA and fetal bovine serum.	beta Carotene	4-27	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	112-115
7495256-0	1995	Growth retardation in human cervical dysplasia-derived cell lines by beta-carotene through down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor.	beta Carotene	69-82	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	110-142
8529207-3	1995	This study therefore examined the ability of the dietary antioxidant vitamins beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to induce cellular expression of QR and GST activities in human colon cancer cells.	beta Carotene	78-91	crystallin zeta	Homo sapiens	161-163
8529207-3	1995	This study therefore examined the ability of the dietary antioxidant vitamins beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to induce cellular expression of QR and GST activities in human colon cancer cells.	beta Carotene	78-91	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
8529207-5	1995	beta-Carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid each resulted in dose-dependent increases in QR activity, without adverse effects upon cell proliferation.	beta Carotene	0-13	crystallin zeta	Homo sapiens	95-97
8529207-6	1995	To investigate whether the ability of beta-carotene to induce QR may be attributable to its conversion to vitamin A and/or to its antioxidant capacity as a carotenoid, retinol, retinoic acid, and lycopene were similarly tested for their capacity for enzyme induction.	beta Carotene	38-51	crystallin zeta	Homo sapiens	62-64
8529207-11	1995	The antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene appears to have less biologic impact vis-a-vis QR induction than its function as a non-toxic reservoir of vitamin A.	beta Carotene	28-41	crystallin zeta	Homo sapiens	89-91
8697943-0	1995	[Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity and epidermal papilloma in mice by beta-carotene].	beta Carotene	83-96	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	15-38
8697943-1	1995	Anticarcinogenic action of beta-carotene was analyzed with determination of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity induced by TPA and a two-stage model of skin papilloma-genesis in mice.	beta Carotene	27-40	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	76-99
8697943-1	1995	Anticarcinogenic action of beta-carotene was analyzed with determination of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity induced by TPA and a two-stage model of skin papilloma-genesis in mice.	beta Carotene	27-40	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	101-104
8697943-1	1995	Anticarcinogenic action of beta-carotene was analyzed with determination of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity induced by TPA and a two-stage model of skin papilloma-genesis in mice.	beta Carotene	27-40	promotion susceptibility QTL 1	Mus musculus	126-129
8697943-2	1995	Results showed increase of ODC activity induced by TPA could be significantly inhibited, onset of tumor postponed, and number of tumor foci decreased by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	153-166	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	27-30
7585458-0	1995	Effect of beta-carotene on the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in rat liver.	beta Carotene	10-23	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	45-92
7585458-3	1995	In the present study, the effect of a plant isoprenoid, beta-carotene, on the expression of HMG-CoA reductase in rat liver was investigated.	beta Carotene	56-69	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	92-109
7585458-6	1995	These observations suggest that beta-carotene regulates the expression of HMG-CoA reductase by some post-transcriptional mechanisms.	beta Carotene	32-45	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	74-91
7554078-10	1995	The augmentation of response to beta-carotene was more apparent when tested under defined conditions; here Liarozole strongly increased junctional communication and Cx43 expression.	beta Carotene	32-45	gap junction protein, alpha 3	Mus musculus	165-169
7790114-2	1995	The anti-cancer efficacy of BC was evaluated by estimating some possible pre-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatic anti-oxidant markers such as glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferases (GSHT, with varying substrate specificities), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reductase.	beta Carotene	28-30	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	259-288
7790114-2	1995	The anti-cancer efficacy of BC was evaluated by estimating some possible pre-neoplastic and neoplastic hepatic anti-oxidant markers such as glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes, namely glutathione S-transferases (GSHT, with varying substrate specificities), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and reductase.	beta Carotene	28-30	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	290-293
7790114-5	1995	Early marginal changes in GSH, GGT and GSHT (with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as a substrate) activities in BC-treated groups for 10 days compared with carcinogen (3"-Met-DAB once) control rats entail the participation of BC in the initial stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.	beta Carotene	108-110	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
7773725-8	1995	The strength of this inverse association with MI was dependent on PUFA levels (in tertiles): for low PUFA, the OR for low versus high beta-carotene was 1.79 (95% CI, 0.98 to 3.25), for medium PUFA the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.11), and for high PUFA 3.47 (95% CI, 1.93 to 6.24).	beta Carotene	134-147	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
7632665-6	1995	beta-Carotene (0.1 microM) reduced the CAT activity from that seen in PQ-treated cells and returned the GSH-Px activity to its control value thus protecting the cells against PQ-induced oxidative stress.	beta Carotene	0-13	catalase	Gallus gallus	39-42
7632665-7	1995	However, at higher concentrations of beta-carotene (10 microM), SOD and CAT activities increased significantly (P &lt; 0.001) relative to non-PQ-treated cells and GSH-Px activity decreased relative to its control value.	beta Carotene	37-50	catalase	Gallus gallus	72-75
7773725-8	1995	The strength of this inverse association with MI was dependent on PUFA levels (in tertiles): for low PUFA, the OR for low versus high beta-carotene was 1.79 (95% CI, 0.98 to 3.25), for medium PUFA the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.11), and for high PUFA 3.47 (95% CI, 1.93 to 6.24).	beta Carotene	134-147	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
7773725-8	1995	The strength of this inverse association with MI was dependent on PUFA levels (in tertiles): for low PUFA, the OR for low versus high beta-carotene was 1.79 (95% CI, 0.98 to 3.25), for medium PUFA the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.11), and for high PUFA 3.47 (95% CI, 1.93 to 6.24).	beta Carotene	134-147	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
7773725-8	1995	The strength of this inverse association with MI was dependent on PUFA levels (in tertiles): for low PUFA, the OR for low versus high beta-carotene was 1.79 (95% CI, 0.98 to 3.25), for medium PUFA the OR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.11), and for high PUFA 3.47 (95% CI, 1.93 to 6.24).	beta Carotene	134-147	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
7584666-5	1995	Combination of IFN-alpha with either DFMO or dietary beta-carotene supplementation improved the effect of an otherwise suboptimal IFN-alpha therapy regimen.	beta Carotene	53-66	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	130-139
7728963-7	1995	GST-P-positive lesions were first observed at 4 months in the vitamin E group and at 6 months in the vitamin C and beta-carotene groups.	beta Carotene	115-128	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
7728963-9	1995	The incidences of HCC at 12 months were 0% in the vitamin C group, 4.5% in the vitamin E group and 4.8% in the beta-carotene group, i.e. administration of the vitamins inhibited the development of GST-P-positive foci, with suppression of HCC.	beta Carotene	111-124	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
7864621-0	1995	Efficacy of all-trans-beta-carotene, canthaxanthin, and all-trans-, 9-cis-, and 4-oxoretinoic acids in inducing differentiation of an F9 embryonal carcinoma RAR beta-lacZ reporter cell line.	beta Carotene	12-35	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	157-165
8589342-4	1995	Administration of beta-carotene during CCl4-treatment reduced several signs of fibrosis.	beta Carotene	18-31	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
7776851-0	1995	Beta-carotene (provitamin A) decreases the severity of CCl4-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats.	beta Carotene	0-13	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
7776851-0	1995	Beta-carotene (provitamin A) decreases the severity of CCl4-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats.	beta Carotene	15-27	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
7776851-3	1995	The present study was conducted to examine the effects of beta-carotene (provitamin A) on CCl4-related general and hepatic toxicity in rats.	beta Carotene	58-71	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
7776851-3	1995	The present study was conducted to examine the effects of beta-carotene (provitamin A) on CCl4-related general and hepatic toxicity in rats.	beta Carotene	73-85	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
7776851-4	1995	Oral administration of beta-carotene during CCl4-treatment resulted, biochemically, in a significantly lower increase in the hydroxyproline liver content and, histopathologically, in less severe liver fibrosis as compared with the liver of rats not treated with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	23-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
7776851-5	1995	The study also showed that beta-carotene administration could prevent the long-term loss of retinoids from the CCl4-injured liver.	beta Carotene	27-40	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
7818524-6	1995	We present evidence that both the cis- and trans- forms of RA and to a lesser extent, the RA precursor beta-carotene, can inhibit recombinant human TNF cytolytic activity in mouse L-929 cells.	beta Carotene	103-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	148-151
7787697-0	1995	[The cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase system of the liver and interleukin-1 production by the macrophages in adjuvant arthritis in rats under the influence of beta-carotene].	beta Carotene	168-181	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-21
7787697-3	1995	Beta-carotene treatment of arthritic rats reduced hind paw swelling and concurrently stimulated the ability of macrophages to secrete IL-1 and increased the cytochrome P-450 levels and the activity of hepatic monooxygenase.	beta Carotene	0-13	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-173
8748463-9	1995	In response to beta-carotene, total lymphocyte counts rose by 66 percent (.05 &lt; p &lt; .10), and CD4+ cells rose slightly, but insignificantly, in the entire group.	beta Carotene	15-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	100-103
8748463-10	1995	In all three of the patients who had baseline CD4+ cells greater than 10/microliters, however, the mean absolute increase in CD4+ cells in response to beta-carotene was 53 +/- 10 cells/microliters (p &lt; .01).	beta Carotene	151-164	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	46-49
8748463-10	1995	In all three of the patients who had baseline CD4+ cells greater than 10/microliters, however, the mean absolute increase in CD4+ cells in response to beta-carotene was 53 +/- 10 cells/microliters (p &lt; .01).	beta Carotene	151-164	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	125-128
8748463-11	1995	Six weeks off beta-carotene treatment, the absolute CD4+ cell count returned to pretreatment levels (p &lt; .01).	beta Carotene	14-27	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	52-55
8748463-14	1995	These preliminary observations suggest that short-term treatment with beta-carotene may increase CD4+ cell counts in patients with AIDS who have greater than 10 cells/microliters.	beta Carotene	70-83	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	97-100
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid &gt; retinaldehyde &gt; 9 cis retinoic acid &gt; retinol &gt; beta carotene.	beta Carotene	238-251	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-93
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid &gt; retinaldehyde &gt; 9 cis retinoic acid &gt; retinol &gt; beta carotene.	beta Carotene	238-251	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-102
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid &gt; retinaldehyde &gt; 9 cis retinoic acid &gt; retinol &gt; beta carotene.	beta Carotene	238-251	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-148
8200066-0	1994	Retinoic acid and beta-carotene inhibit fibronectin synthesis and release by fibroblasts; antagonism to phorbol ester.	beta Carotene	18-31	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	40-51
7947607-14	1994	Depletion of beta-carotene corresponded with formation of conjugated dienes, increased susceptibility to further oxidation, and aggregation of apolipoprotein B-100, but did not increase electrophoretic mobility of LDL.	beta Carotene	13-26	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	143-163
8092097-5	1994	The CD4-CD8 ratio increased after 9 mo of beta-carotene administration whereas natural killer cells, virgin T cells, memory T cells, and cytotoxic T cells remained unaltered throughout the study.	beta Carotene	42-55	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	4-7
8092097-5	1994	The CD4-CD8 ratio increased after 9 mo of beta-carotene administration whereas natural killer cells, virgin T cells, memory T cells, and cytotoxic T cells remained unaltered throughout the study.	beta Carotene	42-55	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	8-11
7800374-3	1994	Although there was a modest increase in some lymphocyte values at 2 months, there was a significant decrease in numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells and CD4 percentage of lymphocytes after 6 months of beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	193-206	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	123-126
7800374-3	1994	Although there was a modest increase in some lymphocyte values at 2 months, there was a significant decrease in numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells and CD4 percentage of lymphocytes after 6 months of beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	193-206	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	131-134
7800374-3	1994	Although there was a modest increase in some lymphocyte values at 2 months, there was a significant decrease in numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells and CD4 percentage of lymphocytes after 6 months of beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	193-206	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	145-148
7942580-4	1994	The beta-carotene and placebo groups were comparable with respect to all initial characteristics, but initial apo B-100 was significantly higher in the beta-carotene group (1.23 vs 1.44 g/L).	beta Carotene	152-165	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	110-119
8200066-10	1994	BC also inhibited FN synthesis and thus inhibited the TPA-stimulated release of FN, similar to RA, but to a lesser extent.	beta Carotene	0-2	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	18-20
8200068-3	1994	Moreover, BC treatment throughout the study decrease the cytosolic 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugated glutathione S-transferase (38.9-51.22%) and microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase (37.3-59.1%) activities to a significant level when compared to carcinogen control rats.	beta Carotene	10-12	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	106-131
8481396-0	1993	The interaction between beta-carotene and lipoxygenase in plant and animal systems.	beta Carotene	24-37	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	42-54
8129282-2	1993	The carotenoids beta-carotene and canthaxanthin have been found to be effective in the treatment of the photosensitivity associated with EPP and certain other photosensitivity diseases.	beta Carotene	16-29	eosinophil peroxidase	Homo sapiens	137-140
8339282-0	1993	beta-Carotene inhibits rectal mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity in colon cancer patients.	beta Carotene	0-13	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	38-61
8339282-7	1993	ODC activity was inhibited by 44% (P &lt; 0.05) and 57% (P &lt; 0.01) after 2 and 9 weeks, respectively, of BC administration and remained low compared with baseline even 6 months following discontinuation of BC.	beta Carotene	108-110	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
8339282-7	1993	ODC activity was inhibited by 44% (P &lt; 0.05) and 57% (P &lt; 0.01) after 2 and 9 weeks, respectively, of BC administration and remained low compared with baseline even 6 months following discontinuation of BC.	beta Carotene	209-211	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
8504149-1	1993	Retinol absorbed and generated from beta-carotene requires to be esterified by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in intestinal absorptive cells.	beta Carotene	36-49	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	79-111
8504149-1	1993	Retinol absorbed and generated from beta-carotene requires to be esterified by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in intestinal absorptive cells.	beta Carotene	36-49	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	113-117
7877895-0	1994	Expression of mRNA for the gap-junctional protein connexin43 in human colonic tissue is variable in response to beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	112-125	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	50-60
7877895-1	1994	Increased expression of the gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) is reported to be increased in mouse and human dermal fibroblasts in vitro in response to beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	159-172	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	51-61
7877895-1	1994	Increased expression of the gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) is reported to be increased in mouse and human dermal fibroblasts in vitro in response to beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	159-172	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	63-67
7877895-8	1994	In samples collected from subjects before and after three months of beta-carotene supplementation, there was a significant increase in tissue and serum beta-carotene concentration in all subjects and an increase in Cx43 mRNA expression after supplementation relative to baseline in four of six samples.	beta Carotene	68-81	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	215-219
7907461-4	1993	Patients who responded to beta-carotene treatment showed increased plasma levels of TNF-alpha.	beta Carotene	26-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-93
8347778-7	1993	The analysis of these risk factors in relation to each pepsinogen marker showed that although both H. pylori infection and low plasma beta-carotene were associated with the decreased level of serum PGI/II ratio, the former was derived from the increase of PGII, which is common in early stage of atrophic gastritis, and the latter from the decrease of PGI, which is specific to severe atrophic gastritis.	beta Carotene	134-147	biglycan	Homo sapiens	198-201
7687211-11	1993	These data suggest that colonic mucin degradation in rats fed an agar diet decreased when the dietary beta-carotene inclusion level increased.	beta Carotene	102-115	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
8481396-1	1993	The effect of beta-carotene (BC) on the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) from plant and animal sources has been examined.	beta Carotene	14-27	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	52-64
8481396-1	1993	The effect of beta-carotene (BC) on the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) from plant and animal sources has been examined.	beta Carotene	14-27	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	66-69
8481396-1	1993	The effect of beta-carotene (BC) on the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) from plant and animal sources has been examined.	beta Carotene	29-31	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	52-64
8481396-1	1993	The effect of beta-carotene (BC) on the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) from plant and animal sources has been examined.	beta Carotene	29-31	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	66-69
8481396-3	1993	Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that BC inhibited LOX activity by mixed competitive/non-competitive mechanisms.	beta Carotene	37-39	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	50-53
1435294-9	1992	The addition of beta-carotene to Lp(a) in vitro partially protected Lp(a) against oxidation and aggregation.	beta Carotene	16-29	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	33-38
8412183-3	1993	There is convincing epidemiological evidence that the antioxidant and free radical-scavenging vitamins C and E and beta-carotene (beta-C) protect against cancer of the lung and other epithelial tissues, with somewhat weaker evidence for retinol.	beta Carotene	115-128	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	130-136
8450402-2	1993	Recent studies suggest that beta-carotene supplementation can increase CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients.	beta Carotene	28-41	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	71-74
8450402-3	1993	Our double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to test the efficacy of beta-carotene in raising CD4 counts in HIV-infected patients.	beta Carotene	89-102	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	114-117
8450402-5	1993	beta-Carotene resulted in a statistically significant increase in total WBC count (p = 0.01), % change in CD4 count (p = 0.02), and % change in CD4/CD8 ratios (p = 0.02) compared to placebo.	beta Carotene	0-13	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	106-109
8450402-5	1993	beta-Carotene resulted in a statistically significant increase in total WBC count (p = 0.01), % change in CD4 count (p = 0.02), and % change in CD4/CD8 ratios (p = 0.02) compared to placebo.	beta Carotene	0-13	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	144-147
8450402-5	1993	beta-Carotene resulted in a statistically significant increase in total WBC count (p = 0.01), % change in CD4 count (p = 0.02), and % change in CD4/CD8 ratios (p = 0.02) compared to placebo.	beta Carotene	0-13	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	148-151
8428179-0	1993	Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in stomach mucosa of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.	beta Carotene	10-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	59-82
8428179-0	1993	Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in stomach mucosa of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.	beta Carotene	10-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
8428179-4	1993	Supplementation of the patient"s diet with beta-carotene (20 mg daily during 3 weeks) results in a statistically significant decrease in ODC activity in gastric mucosa.	beta Carotene	43-56	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
1281116-5	1992	Physical quenchers of singlet oxygen such as lycopene, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol all reduced the calphostin C-induced inactivation of PKC.	beta Carotene	55-68	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
1435294-9	1992	The addition of beta-carotene to Lp(a) in vitro partially protected Lp(a) against oxidation and aggregation.	beta Carotene	16-29	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	68-73
1398219-3	1992	For example, in guinea pigs treated with CCl4, beta-carotene decreases pentane and ethane production.	beta Carotene	47-60	C-C motif chemokine 4	Cavia porcellus	41-45
1298124-0	1992	[The effect of beta-carotene on interleukin-2 production and mitogen-induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes].	beta Carotene	15-28	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	32-45
1298124-3	1992	beta-Carotene was found to elevate IL-2 secretion and the effect was both time- and dose-dependent.	beta Carotene	0-13	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	35-39
1298126-0	1992	[The effect of beta-carotene on the dynamics of ornithine decarboxylase activity in atrophic mucous membranes and in stomach polyp tissue].	beta Carotene	15-28	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	48-71
1298126-3	1992	At the same time, statistically significant decrease of the abnormal high activity of ornithine decarboxylase was detected in atrophic gastric mucosal membrane of 12 patients among 20 patients examined, which were treated with 20 mg of beta-carotene daily within 3 weeks; the enzyme activity was decreased also in polypous tissue of 5 patients in the group of 9 patients studied.	beta Carotene	236-249	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	86-109
1298126-4	1992	Decrease in the ornithine decarboxylase activity after beta-carotene treatment involved improvement of the mucosal membrane state, where hemorrhage disappeared and inflammation reduced.	beta Carotene	55-68	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	16-39
1298126-5	1992	Since the high activity of ornithine decarboxylase is related to promotion of cancerogenesis, beta-carotene appears to exhibit an anticarcinogenic effect as it decreases the enzymatic activity in gastric mucosal membrane.	beta Carotene	94-107	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	27-50
1298127-1	1992	Effect of beta-carotene on content of some metabolites of lipid peroxidation and activity of ornithine decarboxylase was studied in rat gastric mucosal membrane during gastric carcinogenesis developed after administration of N-methyl-N"-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG).	beta Carotene	10-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-116
1298127-4	1992	However, in chronic experiments with MNNG repeated administration of beta-carotene led to statistically significant decrease of the constitution-dependent enzymatic activation in the gastric mucosal membrane and to inhibition of locus formation with abnormally high activity of ornithine decarboxylase.	beta Carotene	69-82	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	278-301
1733553-0	1992	Beta-carotene and/or vitamin E as modulators of alkylating agents in SCC-25 human squamous carcinoma cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	69-72
1579592-6	1992	beta-Carotene inhibits the oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase as well as the formation of the hydroperoxide product.	beta Carotene	0-13	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	65-77
1579592-7	1992	In addition, the absorption of beta-carotene is diminished (bleached) by soybean lipoxygenase.	beta Carotene	31-44	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	81-93
1733553-9	1992	Treatment with beta-carotene, vitamin E, or canthaxanthin reduced the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into SCC-25 cells but not that into normal human keratinocytes.	beta Carotene	15-28	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	107-110
1733553-10	1992	The most marked reduction in [3H]-thymidine incorporation into SCC-25 cells occurred following treatment with the combination of beta-carotene and melphalan.	beta Carotene	129-142	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	63-66
1733553-2	1992	We report on the cytotoxicity of beta-carotene, vitamin E, and the combination of beta-carotene and vitamin E in human SCC-25 squamous carcinoma cells under various environmental conditions found in solid tumor masses.	beta Carotene	33-46	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	119-122
1733553-2	1992	We report on the cytotoxicity of beta-carotene, vitamin E, and the combination of beta-carotene and vitamin E in human SCC-25 squamous carcinoma cells under various environmental conditions found in solid tumor masses.	beta Carotene	82-95	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	119-122
1733553-5	1992	Beta-Carotene was an effective modulator of cisplatin (CDDP) cytotoxicity toward SCC-25 cells, whereas vitamin E was not.	beta Carotene	0-13	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	81-84
1733553-6	1992	Both beta-carotene and vitamin E were effective modulators of melphalan cytotoxicity toward SCC-25 cells.	beta Carotene	5-18	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
1733553-7	1992	Treatment of SCC-25 cells with beta-carotene (70 microM, 2h) resulted in a reduction in superoxide dismutase activity, in glutathione-S-transferase activity, and in nonprotein sulfhydryl levels in the cells.	beta Carotene	31-44	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
1733553-8	1992	Exposure to vitamin E or to a combination of beta-carotene and vitamin E increased the glutathione-S-transferase activity in SCC-25 cells by 40%-45% over the control value.	beta Carotene	45-58	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	125-128
2167623-8	1990	Administration of BC was associated with progressive inhibition of both FMLP/CB-activated (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 after 4 and 6 wk, respectively) and PMA-activated (p less than 0.025 after 6 wk) LECL.	beta Carotene	18-20	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
1795144-9	1991	The lower fat intakes of beta carotene, vitamin C, fibre, and polyunsaturated fat in the smokers was due to fewer smokers eating a whole range of foods including fruit, wholemeal bread, cereals, and polyunsaturated margarine.	beta Carotene	25-38	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
33803144-4	2021	Mammalian beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) asymmetrically cleaves xanthophylls as well as beta-carotene in vitro.	beta Carotene	10-23	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
2110249-11	1990	In Drosophila, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin and lutein mediate the formation of all major photopigments in R1-6, R7 and R8.	beta Carotene	15-28	Ribonuclear protein at 97D	Drosophila melanogaster	104-108
33803144-5	2021	We recently demonstrated that mouse BCO2 (mBCO2) is a functionally palmitoylated enzyme and that it loses palmitoylation when cells are treated with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	149-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	36-40
34753075-1	2022	Poor water solubility and stability of beta-carotene (Car) greatly hinder its application in foods.	beta Carotene	39-52	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
33809289-0	2021	beta-Carotene Inhibits Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-10 and Invasion in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	37-64
33809289-11	2021	beta-Carotene inhibited the H. pylori-induced activation of MAPKs and AP-1, expression of MMP-10, and cell invasion.	beta Carotene	0-13	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	70-74
33809289-11	2021	beta-Carotene inhibited the H. pylori-induced activation of MAPKs and AP-1, expression of MMP-10, and cell invasion.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	90-96
33809289-13	2021	In conclusion, beta-carotene exerts an inhibitory effect on MAPK-mediated MMP-10 expression and cell invasion by increasing PPAR-gamma-mediated catalase expression and reducing ROS levels in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Homo sapiens	74-80
33809289-13	2021	In conclusion, beta-carotene exerts an inhibitory effect on MAPK-mediated MMP-10 expression and cell invasion by increasing PPAR-gamma-mediated catalase expression and reducing ROS levels in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	124-134
33809289-13	2021	In conclusion, beta-carotene exerts an inhibitory effect on MAPK-mediated MMP-10 expression and cell invasion by increasing PPAR-gamma-mediated catalase expression and reducing ROS levels in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	15-28	catalase	Homo sapiens	144-152
34840022-0	2022	beta-Carotene stimulates browning of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by enhancing thermogenesis via the beta3-AR/p38 MAPK/SIRT signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	96-104
34942193-7	2022	Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) data showed that the binding affinity between ApoA-I and beta-carotene >> zeaxanthin > lutein.	beta Carotene	115-128	apolipoprotein A-I	Mus musculus	104-110
34840022-0	2022	beta-Carotene stimulates browning of 3T3-L1 white adipocytes by enhancing thermogenesis via the beta3-AR/p38 MAPK/SIRT signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	105-113
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	105-109
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	PR domain containing 16	Mus musculus	111-117
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	123-133
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9	Mus musculus	165-170
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit-like effector A	Mus musculus	172-177
34840022-6	2022	RESULTS: beta-carotene strikingly increased the expression levels of brown-fat-specific marker proteins (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1alpha) and beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, andTbx1) in 3T3-L1 cells.	beta Carotene	9-22	Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 1	Mus musculus	179-185
34840022-7	2022	Exposure to beta-carotene also elevated the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma in white adipocytes but decreased the expressions of lipogenic marker proteins ACC and FAS.	beta Carotene	12-25	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	96-106
34840022-7	2022	Exposure to beta-carotene also elevated the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma in white adipocytes but decreased the expressions of lipogenic marker proteins ACC and FAS.	beta Carotene	12-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	111-120
34840022-8	2022	Moreover, lipolysis and fat oxidation were regulated by beta-carotene via upregulation of ATGL, pHSL, ACOX, and CPT1.	beta Carotene	56-69	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Mus musculus	90-94
34840022-8	2022	Moreover, lipolysis and fat oxidation were regulated by beta-carotene via upregulation of ATGL, pHSL, ACOX, and CPT1.	beta Carotene	56-69	acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl	Mus musculus	102-106
34840022-8	2022	Moreover, lipolysis and fat oxidation were regulated by beta-carotene via upregulation of ATGL, pHSL, ACOX, and CPT1.	beta Carotene	56-69	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	112-116
34840022-9	2022	In addition, molecular docking studies revealed beta-carotene activation of the adenosine A2A receptor and beta3-AR.	beta Carotene	48-61	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	80-102
34840022-9	2022	In addition, molecular docking studies revealed beta-carotene activation of the adenosine A2A receptor and beta3-AR.	beta Carotene	48-61	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	107-115
34840022-10	2022	beta-Carotene increased the expressions of mitochondrial biogenic markers, stimulated the beta3-AR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and its downstream signaling molecules (SIRTs and ATF2), thereby inducing browning.	beta Carotene	0-13	adenosine A3 receptor	Mus musculus	90-98
34840022-10	2022	beta-Carotene increased the expressions of mitochondrial biogenic markers, stimulated the beta3-AR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and its downstream signaling molecules (SIRTs and ATF2), thereby inducing browning.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	103-111
34840022-10	2022	beta-Carotene increased the expressions of mitochondrial biogenic markers, stimulated the beta3-AR and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and its downstream signaling molecules (SIRTs and ATF2), thereby inducing browning.	beta Carotene	0-13	activating transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	181-185
34494098-8	2021	Additionally, there were inverse associations of dietary beta-carotene (quintiles 5 compared with 1: pooled OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.51-0.95; P-trend = 0.08) and lutein (pooled OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.45-0.87; P-trend = 0.020) with ER-positive breast cancer among premenopausal women.	beta Carotene	57-70	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	223-225
34863970-7	2022	Thermal and UV treatment exhibited higher activation energy (kJ/mol), 17.76 and 15.57 (MF2) and 37.03 and 19.33 (NF2) compared to free beta-carotene (3.7 and 3.9), uncovering enhanced stability.	beta Carotene	135-148	NF2, moesin-ezrin-radixin like (MERLIN) tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	113-116
34762415-7	2021	To relieve this metabolic stress, the strains were morphologically engineered by deleting CLA4 and MHY1 genes to convert the mycelium back to the yeast form, which further increased the beta-carotene production by 139%.	beta Carotene	186-199	serine/threonine protein kinase CLA4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-94
34903070-1	2022	BACKGROUND: The study aimed to identify two beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1) mutations, namely R267S and A379V, and determine their association with vitamin A status among Filipinos 6 to 19 years old respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region.	beta Carotene	44-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
34087713-1	2021	In this research, three various Mw of chitosan (CS)-gallic acid (GA) conjugates were synthesized, characterized, and used for improvement of physicochemical stability of beta-carotene (BC) nanoemulsion (NE) by layer-by-layer technique.	beta Carotene	170-183	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	48-50
34899699-5	2021	The results showed that dietary supplementation of beta-carotene reduced postpartum uterine hyperemia and uterine mass index (P<0.05), improved intestinal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, decreased serum TNF-alpha and IL-4 concentration (P<0.05), while no differences were observed in litter size and litter weight among three treatments.	beta Carotene	51-64	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	225-234
34899699-5	2021	The results showed that dietary supplementation of beta-carotene reduced postpartum uterine hyperemia and uterine mass index (P<0.05), improved intestinal villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio, decreased serum TNF-alpha and IL-4 concentration (P<0.05), while no differences were observed in litter size and litter weight among three treatments.	beta Carotene	51-64	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	239-243
34087713-1	2021	In this research, three various Mw of chitosan (CS)-gallic acid (GA) conjugates were synthesized, characterized, and used for improvement of physicochemical stability of beta-carotene (BC) nanoemulsion (NE) by layer-by-layer technique.	beta Carotene	185-187	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	48-50
34741245-7	2021	Intake of beta-carotene was only associated with higher sperm total motility (beta = 5.46; 95% CI: - 0.84, 11.77).	beta Carotene	10-23	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-26	Homo sapiens	78-86
34611420-8	2021	Only alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, cis-beta-carotene, trans-lycopene and retinol were associated with HE4, with beta coefficients of -0.102, -0.027, -0.506, -0.131 and -0.054, respectively.	beta Carotene	21-40	WAP four-disulfide core domain 2	Homo sapiens	109-112
34620441-0	2021	AgZDS, a gene encoding zeta-carotene desaturase, increases lutein and beta-carotene contents in transgenic Arabidopsis and celery.	beta Carotene	70-83	zeta-carotene desaturase	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-47
34620441-8	2021	The contents of lutein and beta-carotene in two lines, AtL1 and AgL5, were the highest in transgenic A. thaliana and celery, respectively.	beta Carotene	27-40	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
34620441-8	2021	The contents of lutein and beta-carotene in two lines, AtL1 and AgL5, were the highest in transgenic A. thaliana and celery, respectively.	beta Carotene	27-40	K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-68
34715565-0	2021	beta-Carotene biofortification of chia sprouts with plant growth regulators.	beta Carotene	0-13	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	34-38
34715565-6	2021	In this study, to improve beta-carotene content in chia sprouts, some plant growth regulators (abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate) were applied exogenously to germinating chia seeds.	beta Carotene	26-39	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	51-55
34715565-12	2021	Although more research is needed before industrial application, it is concluded that methyl salicylate can be used to improve beta-carotene contents in chia sprouts.	beta Carotene	126-139	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	152-156
34646849-5	2021	Methods: We examined the function of beta-carotene in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	37-50	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	83-103
34646849-5	2021	Methods: We examined the function of beta-carotene in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	37-50	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	105-109
34646849-8	2021	Furthermore, we studied the impact of beta-carotene on the tight junction proteins, claudin-1, and occludin.	beta Carotene	38-51	claudin 1	Homo sapiens	84-93
34646849-8	2021	Furthermore, we studied the impact of beta-carotene on the tight junction proteins, claudin-1, and occludin.	beta Carotene	38-51	occludin	Homo sapiens	99-107
35624897-0	2022	beta-Carotene Increases Activity of Cytochrome P450 2E1 during Ethanol Consumption.	beta Carotene	0-13	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	36-55
34646849-12	2021	Conclusions: beta-Carotene could play a role in modulating the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway and in enhancing tight junction proteins.	beta Carotene	13-26	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
34411701-8	2021	MCM5-AID was able to improve beta-carotene production of S. cerevisiae 4742crt by 75.4% following eight rounds of editing.	beta Carotene	29-42	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
34265569-7	2021	The beta -carotene was lower in the PE than in the normotensive and GH groups (p < 0.001) while the level of CoQ10 remained unaffected.	beta Carotene	4-18	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	68-70
34069791-4	2021	Thus, we aimed to incorporate the crtRB1 gene from UMI285beta+ into the genetic background of the NEHR maize landrace, Yairipok Chujak (CAUM66), and thereby enhance the beta-carotene content through marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC).	beta Carotene	169-182	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	34-40
34916884-0	2021	Rising Plasma Beta-Carotene Is Associated With Diminishing C-Reactive Protein in Patients Consuming a Dark Green Leafy Vegetable-Rich, Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) Diet.	beta Carotene	14-27	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	59-77
34916884-2	2021	In this longitudinal retrospective chart review, we investigate whether patients intensively counseled to eat a specific diet high in dark green leafy vegetables, and thus high beta-carotene, have reductions in plasma high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP).	beta Carotene	177-190	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	235-238
34916884-7	2021	The change in beta-carotene was inversely correlated with change in CRP (r = -0.68, P < .0001).	beta Carotene	14-27	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	68-71
35614877-5	2022	Then a beta-carotene fluorescence sensor was developed using the capacity of beta-carotene to quench the fluorescence of POSS@ANT.	beta Carotene	7-20	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	121-129
35614877-5	2022	Then a beta-carotene fluorescence sensor was developed using the capacity of beta-carotene to quench the fluorescence of POSS@ANT.	beta Carotene	77-90	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	121-129
35483296-3	2022	In this study, meticulously designed native ESI-MS, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking in combination with cold-induced acetonitrile aqueous two-phase separation system weaken the interaction between beta-lactoglobulin and beta-carotene metabolites and realized the efficiently extraction.	beta Carotene	236-249	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	213-231
35533964-6	2022	What"s more, beta-carotene was found to reduce the index levels of oxidative stress response (HMOX-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, MDA), inflammatory factors (interleukine-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), liver function protein (AST, ALT) which increased by CuSO4.	beta Carotene	13-26	heme oxygenase 1a	Danio rerio	94-100
35533964-6	2022	What"s more, beta-carotene was found to reduce the index levels of oxidative stress response (HMOX-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, MDA), inflammatory factors (interleukine-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), liver function protein (AST, ALT) which increased by CuSO4.	beta Carotene	13-26	tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2)	Danio rerio	245-272
35533964-6	2022	What"s more, beta-carotene was found to reduce the index levels of oxidative stress response (HMOX-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, MDA), inflammatory factors (interleukine-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)), liver function protein (AST, ALT) which increased by CuSO4.	beta Carotene	13-26	tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2)	Danio rerio	274-283
35624897-2	2022	Our aim was to determine if oral beta-carotene intake had an antioxidant effect on CYP2E1 gene expression in mice that had previously consumed ethanol.	beta Carotene	33-46	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	83-89
35624897-10	2022	Increased CYP2E1 activity was found to support the hypothesis that beta-carotene might be dangerous during ethanol exposure in animal models.	beta Carotene	67-80	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	10-16
35635447-3	2022	Therefore, it is beneficial for cells to increase their antioxidant defense in response to detrimental insults, either by activating an antioxidant pathway like Keap1/Nrf2 or by improving redox scavengers (vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and polyphenols, among others).	beta Carotene	228-241	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	161-166
35595742-2	2022	This study aims to develop nutrient-rich maize genotypes by incorporating crtRB1 and o2 genes associated with increased beta-carotene, lysine, and tryptophan levels.	beta Carotene	120-133	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	74-80
35635447-3	2022	Therefore, it is beneficial for cells to increase their antioxidant defense in response to detrimental insults, either by activating an antioxidant pathway like Keap1/Nrf2 or by improving redox scavengers (vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and polyphenols, among others).	beta Carotene	228-241	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
35106627-9	2022	Furthermore, beta-carotene treatment led to apoptosis induction according to both annexin V/PI and caspase 3/7 assays.	beta Carotene	13-26	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	82-91
35571728-7	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that beta-carotene and sitosterol were acting as interference factors in attenuating inflammation by binding to an accessory protein of ERK, JNK, AKT, and NF-kappaB p65.	beta Carotene	40-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	171-174
35571728-7	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that beta-carotene and sitosterol were acting as interference factors in attenuating inflammation by binding to an accessory protein of ERK, JNK, AKT, and NF-kappaB p65.	beta Carotene	40-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	176-179
35571728-7	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that beta-carotene and sitosterol were acting as interference factors in attenuating inflammation by binding to an accessory protein of ERK, JNK, AKT, and NF-kappaB p65.	beta Carotene	40-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	181-184
35571728-7	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that beta-carotene and sitosterol were acting as interference factors in attenuating inflammation by binding to an accessory protein of ERK, JNK, AKT, and NF-kappaB p65.	beta Carotene	40-53	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	200-203
35499499-0	2022	Beta-carotene regulates the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells by alleviating the inflammatory process.	beta Carotene	0-13	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	43-56	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	43-56	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	43-56	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	224-228
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	139-152	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	139-152	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
35499499-7	2022	In addition, we also studied the effect of beta-carotene on the biological activity of EGF, and found that when cells were pretreated with beta-carotene, the cellular behavior, biological activity, and nuclear signal of EGF/EGFR under inflammation stimulation were partially restored.	beta Carotene	139-152	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	224-228
35499499-9	2022	Furthermore, we found that beta-carotene not only attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation but also partially restored the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells, laying a solid foundation for studying the biological functions of EGF and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	27-40	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
35499499-9	2022	Furthermore, we found that beta-carotene not only attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation but also partially restored the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells, laying a solid foundation for studying the biological functions of EGF and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	27-40	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-251
35499499-9	2022	Furthermore, we found that beta-carotene not only attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation but also partially restored the biological activity of EGF in IEC6 cells, laying a solid foundation for studying the biological functions of EGF and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	256-269	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
35158041-5	2022	We found that dietary beta-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet.	beta Carotene	22-35	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	124-128
35158041-5	2022	We found that dietary beta-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet.	beta Carotene	22-35	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	131-134
35456464-5	2022	We performed a genome-wide study and determined the expression of cucumber BBX genes (hereafter referred to as CsaBBXs genes) in the endocarp of Xishuangbanna cucumber fruit (a special type of cucumber accumulating a high level of beta-carotene in the endocarp) using an RNA-seq analysis of plants previously subjected to two photoperiodic conditions.	beta Carotene	231-244	BBX high mobility group box domain containing	Homo sapiens	75-78
35566389-0	2022	Beta-Carotene Affects the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Isolated, Ischemic/Reperfused Rat Hearts: Potential Role of the Iron.	beta Carotene	0-13	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-53
35566389-3	2022	In our earlier studies, we observed that despite increasing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in the heart, the protective effects of BC have been lost when it was used at a high concentration.	beta Carotene	131-133	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-76
35566389-3	2022	In our earlier studies, we observed that despite increasing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in the heart, the protective effects of BC have been lost when it was used at a high concentration.	beta Carotene	131-133	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
35464265-2	2022	BCX can be metabolized through beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage pathways to produce both vitamin A and apo-carotenoids, respectively, which are considered important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes.	beta Carotene	73-86	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
35392530-9	2022	BC supplementation decreased the number and size of tumors and delayed the tumor-onset time in xenograft mice injected with CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells.	beta Carotene	0-2	prominin 1	Mus musculus	124-129
35392530-9	2022	BC supplementation decreased the number and size of tumors and delayed the tumor-onset time in xenograft mice injected with CD133+CD44+ HCT116 cells.	beta Carotene	0-2	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	130-134
35392530-10	2022	The inhibitory effect of BC on CSC markers and the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in tumors was confirmed in vivo as well.	beta Carotene	25-27	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-67
35106627-9	2022	Furthermore, beta-carotene treatment led to apoptosis induction according to both annexin V/PI and caspase 3/7 assays.	beta Carotene	13-26	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	99-110
35120994-4	2022	In this work, we describe the X. dendrorhous DAP1 gene, deletion of which affected yeast pigmentation by decreasing the astaxanthin fraction and increasing the beta-carotene (a substrate of CrtS) fraction, which is consistent with the known role of CrtS.	beta Carotene	160-173	Dap1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-49
35402622-14	2022	Subsequently, we observed that adding 1*10-6 mol/L quercetin, 1*10-5  mol/L kaempferol, and 1*10-5  mol/L beta-carotene activated the ERK/JNK cascades and the heterodimer complex AP-1(Fos/Jun) in the MAPK pathway.	beta Carotene	106-119	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	134-137
35402622-14	2022	Subsequently, we observed that adding 1*10-6 mol/L quercetin, 1*10-5  mol/L kaempferol, and 1*10-5  mol/L beta-carotene activated the ERK/JNK cascades and the heterodimer complex AP-1(Fos/Jun) in the MAPK pathway.	beta Carotene	106-119	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	138-141
35402622-14	2022	Subsequently, we observed that adding 1*10-6 mol/L quercetin, 1*10-5  mol/L kaempferol, and 1*10-5  mol/L beta-carotene activated the ERK/JNK cascades and the heterodimer complex AP-1(Fos/Jun) in the MAPK pathway.	beta Carotene	106-119	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	179-183
35402622-14	2022	Subsequently, we observed that adding 1*10-6 mol/L quercetin, 1*10-5  mol/L kaempferol, and 1*10-5  mol/L beta-carotene activated the ERK/JNK cascades and the heterodimer complex AP-1(Fos/Jun) in the MAPK pathway.	beta Carotene	106-119	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	184-187
35233817-11	2022	CONCLUSION: Lower masticatory performance, lower SSF and fewer teeth were associated with a lower intake of several micronutrients, such as vitamin A, beta-carotene and folic acids, in Japanese individuals of advanced age.	beta Carotene	151-164	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	90-91
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	214-227	bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase/squalene synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-121
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	217-234
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	236-244
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	247-260
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	262-266
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	273-300
35145506-6	2022	Our results showed that diet of beta-carotin and green tea powder reduced the joint swelling and pain in mice with gout, reduced the levels of serum uric acid (UA) and three types of pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), improved the gut microbiota profile, and reduced the metabolic levels of purines and pyrimidines.	beta Carotene	32-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	302-311
35282004-0	2022	New associations of serum beta-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
35282004-0	2022	New associations of serum beta-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	93-97
35282004-0	2022	New associations of serum beta-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	99-104
35282004-0	2022	New associations of serum beta-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	110-113
34983533-0	2022	Dual regulation of lipid droplet-triacylglycerol metabolism and ERG9 expression for improved beta-carotene production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	beta Carotene	93-106	bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase/squalene synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	214-227	PAQR-type receptor	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-80
35137037-0	2022	Transgene-free genome editing supports CCD4 role as a negative regulator of beta-carotene in banana.	beta Carotene	76-89	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
35137037-4	2022	The higher expression of the RAS-CCD4 inversely correlated with beta-carotene accumulation in fruit-pulp of the Rasthali.	beta Carotene	64-77	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
35137037-5	2022	The docking analysis followed enzyme assay of purified RAS-CCD4 suggested beta-carotene and 10-apo-beta-carotenal as its preferred substrates.	beta Carotene	74-87	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
35137037-6	2022	Bacterial complementation assay affirmed RAS-CCD4 role in beta-carotene degradation and then overexpression of the RAS-CCD4 in the Arabidopsis thaliana further validated results in-vivo by the significant reduction in beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	58-71	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
35137037-6	2022	Bacterial complementation assay affirmed RAS-CCD4 role in beta-carotene degradation and then overexpression of the RAS-CCD4 in the Arabidopsis thaliana further validated results in-vivo by the significant reduction in beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	218-231	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
35137037-6	2022	Bacterial complementation assay affirmed RAS-CCD4 role in beta-carotene degradation and then overexpression of the RAS-CCD4 in the Arabidopsis thaliana further validated results in-vivo by the significant reduction in beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	218-231	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
35119571-0	2022	Simultaneous accumulation of astaxanthin and beta-carotene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by the introduction of foreign beta-carotene hydroxylase gene in response to high light stress.	beta Carotene	45-58	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	119-144
35119571-2	2022	beta-carotene hydroxylase is one of the key enzymes in the carotenoid synthesis pathway of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for the conversion of beta-carotene to astaxanthin.	beta Carotene	139-152	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-25
35282004-10	2022	Twenty-one cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) "metabolism" polymorphisms in locus 10q23.33 were significantly associated with higher beta-carotene concentration.	beta Carotene	145-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	28-34
35282004-10	2022	Twenty-one cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) "metabolism" polymorphisms in locus 10q23.33 were significantly associated with higher beta-carotene concentration.	beta Carotene	145-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18	Homo sapiens	36-43
35282004-10	2022	Twenty-one cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) "metabolism" polymorphisms in locus 10q23.33 were significantly associated with higher beta-carotene concentration.	beta Carotene	145-158	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	49-56
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3	Homo sapiens	98-103
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	105-109
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	111-116
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	121-127
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18	Homo sapiens	129-136
35282004-12	2022	Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and beta-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.	beta Carotene	26-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	142-149
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	214-227	bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase/squalene synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	160-164
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	278-291	PAQR-type receptor	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-80
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	278-291	bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase/squalene synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-121
34983533-6	2022	The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to beta-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in beta-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth.	beta Carotene	278-291	bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase/squalene synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	160-164
2903776-1	1988	beta-carotene pretreatment of rats decreased the methylation and formation of single-strand breaks in DNA and also decreased activity of alanine-aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities, caused by action of N-nitrosodimethylamine or synthesis of this carcinogen from precursors.	beta Carotene	0-13	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	163-185
2723828-5	1989	The activity of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH, EC 1.14.14.1) was higher in rats fed a purified diet supplemented with beta-carotene than in rats fed the control diet containing adequate vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (165 +/- 30 vs. 90 +/- 18 pmol/min x mg), P less than (0.05).	beta Carotene	133-146	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-55
2723828-5	1989	The activity of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH, EC 1.14.14.1) was higher in rats fed a purified diet supplemented with beta-carotene than in rats fed the control diet containing adequate vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (165 +/- 30 vs. 90 +/- 18 pmol/min x mg), P less than (0.05).	beta Carotene	133-146	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2723828-7	1989	This AHH-enhancing effect of beta-carotene on the activity of the intestinal mucosal enzyme was not seen on the hepatic enzyme, which is consistent with the nearly complete conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A prior to reaching the liver.	beta Carotene	29-42	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
2723828-7	1989	This AHH-enhancing effect of beta-carotene on the activity of the intestinal mucosal enzyme was not seen on the hepatic enzyme, which is consistent with the nearly complete conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A prior to reaching the liver.	beta Carotene	187-200	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
2656989-4	1989	For example, beta-carotene increased the number of CD4+ cells; vitamin E decreased the number of CD8+ cells and increased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio; vitamin D decreased the CD4+/CD8+ ratio; and iron increased the number of peripheral lymphocytes in humans receiving supplementation.	beta Carotene	13-26	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
2903776-1	1988	beta-carotene pretreatment of rats decreased the methylation and formation of single-strand breaks in DNA and also decreased activity of alanine-aminotransferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities, caused by action of N-nitrosodimethylamine or synthesis of this carcinogen from precursors.	beta Carotene	0-13	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-216
3611082-11	1987	The ability of CRBP(II) to bind trans-retinaldehyde suggests a physiological role for the protein in accepting retinaldehyde generated from the cleavage of beta-carotene in the absorptive cell.	beta Carotene	156-169	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	15-22
3417642-13	1988	The more favorable reduction versus oxidation of retinoid bound to CRBP(II) consequently favored the reaction known to be required for the ultimate conversion of beta-carotene to retinyl esters for export from the gut.	beta Carotene	162-175	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
3136580-0	1988	[The effect of beta-carotene on changes in thyroxin, glucose and insulin levels in pregnant heifers during parturition].	beta Carotene	15-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
3684176-7	1987	Reduced RBP levels in these patients are due to neither an inadequate dietary intake of beta-carotene, nor to severe protein malnutrition.	beta Carotene	88-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	8-11
4068768-4	1985	Superoxide dismutase activity was depressed by 2% ascorbate at all ages, and by beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in older flies.	beta Carotene	80-93	superoxide dismutase	Musca domestica	0-20
818139-0	1976	Formation of volatile carbonyl compounds and cooxidation of beta-carotene by lipoxygenase from wheat, potato, flax, and beans.	beta Carotene	60-73	LOC543232	Triticum aestivum	77-89
4031188-8	1985	Milk somatic cell concentrations were lower in both roughage treatment groups for cows supplemented with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	105-118	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
3857370-6	1985	For both ADC and SCC, increased risks were associated with decreased intake of beta-carotene foods but not for total preformed vitamin A foods and vitamin supplements.	beta Carotene	79-92	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	17-20
6561070-4	1984	Inhibition of IFN action in vitro by retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) was found to be reversed by beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A).	beta Carotene	96-109	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
413276-2	1977	Different crude extracts from soya beans as well as the purified L-2 isoenzymes exhibit the same capacity for co-oxidation of beta-carotene and canthaxanthine, when the comparison is based upon equal lipoxygenase activities.	beta Carotene	126-139	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-15	Homo sapiens	65-68
2981926-10	1985	Liposomes containing either alpha-tocopherol (0.33 to 1.67% of molar fraction of lipid) or beta-carotene (1.67% of molar fraction of lipid) were markedly resistant to lysis by the cellfree MPO-H2O2-chloride system.	beta Carotene	91-104	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	189-192
2981610-5	1985	The destruction of cytochrome P-450 was a photodynamic process requiring oxygen since quenchers of singlet oxygen, including 2,5-dimethylfuran, histidine, and beta-carotene, each substantially diminished the reaction.	beta Carotene	159-172	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-35
6188873-1	1983	The effects of retinol (vitamin A alcohol), retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), and beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) on human interferon (HuIFN) action were examined in vitro.	beta Carotene	80-93	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	119-130
6188873-3	1983	Thus retinoic acid (and retinol) inhibited the stimulatory action of interferon (IFN) on monocyte membrane function, and this inhibition was reversed by beta-carotene; beta-carotene alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	beta Carotene	153-166	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
6188873-3	1983	Thus retinoic acid (and retinol) inhibited the stimulatory action of interferon (IFN) on monocyte membrane function, and this inhibition was reversed by beta-carotene; beta-carotene alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	beta Carotene	168-181	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
6188873-4	1983	Remarkably, for the inhibitory action of IFN on lymphoblastoid cell division, the converse was true: beta-Carotene inhibited the cytostatic action of IFN, and this inhibition was reversed by retinoic acid; retinoic acid alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	beta Carotene	101-114	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
6188873-4	1983	Remarkably, for the inhibitory action of IFN on lymphoblastoid cell division, the converse was true: beta-Carotene inhibited the cytostatic action of IFN, and this inhibition was reversed by retinoic acid; retinoic acid alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	beta Carotene	101-114	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
6188873-4	1983	Remarkably, for the inhibitory action of IFN on lymphoblastoid cell division, the converse was true: beta-Carotene inhibited the cytostatic action of IFN, and this inhibition was reversed by retinoic acid; retinoic acid alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	beta Carotene	101-114	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
6681629-5	1983	Hepatic vitamin A storage was also decreased in rats fed 30% calories as alcohol and beta-carotene or vitamin A at the NRC requirement level, but not in rats fed one-sixth the NRC requirement as vitamin A.	beta Carotene	85-98	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
4337154-12	1972	The affinity of RBP for beta-carotene was minimal, whereas both retinyl acetate and retinal were bound about one-third as effectively as all-trans-retinol.	beta Carotene	24-37	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	16-19
33711704-2	2021	Adsorption of beta-carotene to acid-activated clay (AAC) is a well-established method for purification.	beta Carotene	14-27	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	52-55
13453502-0	1957	Metabolism of C14 labelled beta-carotene in the rat.	beta Carotene	27-40	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
33711704-4	2021	UPLC-MS/MS analysis of surface compounds extracted from beta-carotene-AAC (BC-AAC) complexes show that AAC acts as an oxidiser.	beta Carotene	56-69	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33711704-4	2021	UPLC-MS/MS analysis of surface compounds extracted from beta-carotene-AAC (BC-AAC) complexes show that AAC acts as an oxidiser.	beta Carotene	56-69	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	78-81
33711704-4	2021	UPLC-MS/MS analysis of surface compounds extracted from beta-carotene-AAC (BC-AAC) complexes show that AAC acts as an oxidiser.	beta Carotene	56-69	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	78-81
33711704-6	2021	AAC had surface water exchanged with an 18O labelled water and was then exposed to beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	83-96	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
33884622-7	2021	beta-Carotene intervention also lowered the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (0.60 +- 0.02), p38 (0.57 +- 0.00), Erk (0.63 +- 0.04), and JNK (0.70 +- 0.00).	beta Carotene	0-13	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
33605428-4	2021	We found that overexpression of sterol ester synthesis genes ARE1 and ARE2 increased beta-carotene yield by 1.5-fold.	beta Carotene	85-98	sterol acyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
33605428-4	2021	We found that overexpression of sterol ester synthesis genes ARE1 and ARE2 increased beta-carotene yield by 1.5-fold.	beta Carotene	85-98	sterol acyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
33605428-5	2021	Deletion of phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) genes (PAH1, DPP1 and LPP1) also increased beta-carotene yield by 2-fold.	beta Carotene	87-100	phosphatidate phosphatase PAH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
33605428-5	2021	Deletion of phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) genes (PAH1, DPP1 and LPP1) also increased beta-carotene yield by 2-fold.	beta Carotene	87-100	bifunctional diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase/phosphatidate phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
33605428-5	2021	Deletion of phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) genes (PAH1, DPP1 and LPP1) also increased beta-carotene yield by 2-fold.	beta Carotene	87-100	phosphatidate phosphatase LPP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	66-70
33884622-7	2021	beta-Carotene intervention also lowered the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (0.60 +- 0.02), p38 (0.57 +- 0.00), Erk (0.63 +- 0.04), and JNK (0.70 +- 0.00).	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
33884622-7	2021	beta-Carotene intervention also lowered the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (0.60 +- 0.02), p38 (0.57 +- 0.00), Erk (0.63 +- 0.04), and JNK (0.70 +- 0.00).	beta Carotene	0-13	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
33884622-7	2021	beta-Carotene intervention also lowered the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (0.60 +- 0.02), p38 (0.57 +- 0.00), Erk (0.63 +- 0.04), and JNK (0.70 +- 0.00).	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
33740613-6	2021	Stimulation with rutin also significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of TNFalpha and TGFbeta, whereas stimulation with beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol significantly reduced TNFalpha mRNA expression in HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM.	beta Carotene	123-136	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	180-188
33631212-0	2021	LRAT coordinates the negative-feedback regulation of intestinal retinoid biosynthesis from beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	91-104	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
33059273-5	2021	For example, beta-carotene: caffeic acid = 1:2 significantly suppressed the intracellular ROS (+EZT, 66.34 +- 51.53%) and enhanced the accumulation of nucleus-Nrf2 (+EZT, 30.23 +- 5.30) compared to the groups contained more beta-carotene (+EZT, ROS: 75.48 +- 2.55%, nucleus-Nrf2: 19.48 +- 4.22).	beta Carotene	13-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
33059273-5	2021	For example, beta-carotene: caffeic acid = 1:2 significantly suppressed the intracellular ROS (+EZT, 66.34 +- 51.53%) and enhanced the accumulation of nucleus-Nrf2 (+EZT, 30.23 +- 5.30) compared to the groups contained more beta-carotene (+EZT, ROS: 75.48 +- 2.55%, nucleus-Nrf2: 19.48 +- 4.22).	beta Carotene	13-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	274-278
33574947-10	2021	Immunoblotting demonstrated that beta-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	33-46	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	138-141
33574947-10	2021	Immunoblotting demonstrated that beta-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	33-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	142-145
33574947-10	2021	Immunoblotting demonstrated that beta-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	33-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
33484250-2	2021	beta-carotene is generated from lycopene by the lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB).	beta Carotene	0-13	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	71-75
33147471-13	2021	MSCs cultured on alginate-based scaffold in the differentiation medium containing beta-carotene expressed higher levels of rhodopsin protein compared to a 2D culture.	beta Carotene	82-95	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	123-132
33539427-9	2021	The crtRB1-based inbreds possessed high beta-carotene (BC: 8.72mug/g), beta-cryptoxanthin (BCX: 4.58mug/g) and proA (11.01mug/g), while it was 2.35mug/g, 1.24mug/g and 2.97mug/g in checks, respectively.	beta Carotene	40-53	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	4-10
33528746-8	2021	Considering that the inhibition of the lycopene cyclization steps often induces higher expression in genes upstream of metabolic branches, this result implies that the redirection from beta-carotene to alpha-carotene by LCYE overexpression might also enhance upstream gene expression, thereby leading to auxiliary beta-carotene production.	beta Carotene	185-198	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	220-224
33528746-8	2021	Considering that the inhibition of the lycopene cyclization steps often induces higher expression in genes upstream of metabolic branches, this result implies that the redirection from beta-carotene to alpha-carotene by LCYE overexpression might also enhance upstream gene expression, thereby leading to auxiliary beta-carotene production.	beta Carotene	314-327	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	220-224
33147471-14	2021	Also, the expressions of Nestin, Rhodopsin, and RPE65 genes were upregulated in beta-carotene-treated MSCs grown on alginate-based scaffolds.	beta Carotene	80-93	nestin	Mus musculus	25-31
33147471-14	2021	Also, the expressions of Nestin, Rhodopsin, and RPE65 genes were upregulated in beta-carotene-treated MSCs grown on alginate-based scaffolds.	beta Carotene	80-93	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	33-42
33147471-14	2021	Also, the expressions of Nestin, Rhodopsin, and RPE65 genes were upregulated in beta-carotene-treated MSCs grown on alginate-based scaffolds.	beta Carotene	80-93	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	48-53
33147650-11	2021	This study demonstrates that beta-carotene could attenuate the LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	29-42	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
33242597-9	2021	Either beta-carotene or phycocyanin significantly (P < 0.05) improved the intestinal digestive enzymes compared with control diet, where the highest values of chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase and amylase were noticed in fish fed phycocyanin.	beta Carotene	7-20	serine protease 1	Oreochromis niloticus	164-171
33242597-12	2021	The transcripts of interferon gamma and interleukin 1beta genes were (P < 0.05) up-regulated in the liver of fish fed diet supplemented with beta-carotene and phycocyanin, but expression of HSP70 gene down-regulated in fish fed beta-carotene and phycocyanin containing diet compared control.	beta Carotene	141-154	interleukin-1 beta	Oreochromis niloticus	40-57
33242597-12	2021	The transcripts of interferon gamma and interleukin 1beta genes were (P < 0.05) up-regulated in the liver of fish fed diet supplemented with beta-carotene and phycocyanin, but expression of HSP70 gene down-regulated in fish fed beta-carotene and phycocyanin containing diet compared control.	beta Carotene	228-241	interleukin-1 beta	Oreochromis niloticus	40-57
33242597-12	2021	The transcripts of interferon gamma and interleukin 1beta genes were (P < 0.05) up-regulated in the liver of fish fed diet supplemented with beta-carotene and phycocyanin, but expression of HSP70 gene down-regulated in fish fed beta-carotene and phycocyanin containing diet compared control.	beta Carotene	228-241	heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein	Oreochromis niloticus	190-195
33147650-11	2021	This study demonstrates that beta-carotene could attenuate the LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	29-42	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
33147650-0	2021	beta-Carotene attenuates LPS-induced rat intestinal inflammation via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	0-13	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
33147650-0	2021	beta-Carotene attenuates LPS-induced rat intestinal inflammation via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	0-13	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
33147650-0	2021	beta-Carotene attenuates LPS-induced rat intestinal inflammation via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
33147650-4	2021	In this study, we found that beta-carotene significantly reduced (p < .05) the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and we found that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p < .05) the mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by RT-PCR.	beta Carotene	29-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	134-167
33147650-4	2021	In this study, we found that beta-carotene significantly reduced (p < .05) the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and we found that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p < .05) the mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by RT-PCR.	beta Carotene	29-42	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	173-190
33147650-4	2021	In this study, we found that beta-carotene significantly reduced (p < .05) the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and we found that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p < .05) the mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by RT-PCR.	beta Carotene	29-42	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	192-200
33147650-4	2021	In this study, we found that beta-carotene significantly reduced (p < .05) the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and we found that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p < .05) the mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by RT-PCR.	beta Carotene	29-42	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	376-384
33147650-4	2021	In this study, we found that beta-carotene significantly reduced (p < .05) the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG)E2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by the Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and we found that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p < .05) the mRNA expression levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha by RT-PCR.	beta Carotene	29-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	389-398
33147650-11	2021	This study demonstrates that beta-carotene could attenuate the LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in rats via modulating autophagy and regulating the JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	29-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
33321809-2	2020	Ionones can either be chemically synthesized or endogenously produced via asymmetric cleavage of beta-carotene by beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2).	beta Carotene	97-110	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	114-139
33068135-0	2021	Low expression of carotenoids cleavage dioxygenase 1 (ccd1) gene improves the retention of provitamin-A in maize grains during storage.	beta Carotene	91-103	white cap1	Zea mays	54-58
33068135-5	2021	At harvest, crtRB1-based maize inbreds possessed significantly high proA (beta-carotene: 12.30 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 4.36 microg/g) than the traditional inbreds (beta-carotene: 1.74 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 1.28 microg/g).	beta Carotene	74-87	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	12-18
33068135-5	2021	At harvest, crtRB1-based maize inbreds possessed significantly high proA (beta-carotene: 12.30 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 4.36 microg/g) than the traditional inbreds (beta-carotene: 1.74 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 1.28 microg/g).	beta Carotene	170-183	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	12-18
33068135-6	2021	However, crtRB1-based inbreds experienced significant degradation of proA carotenoids (beta-carotene: 20%, beta-cryptoxanthin: 32% retention) following 5 months.	beta Carotene	87-100	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	9-15
33068135-7	2021	Among the crtRB1-based genotypes, V335PV had the lowest retention of proA (beta-carotene: 1.63 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 0.82 microg/g), while HKI161PV had the highest retention of proA (beta-carotene: 4.17 microg/g, beta-cryptoxanthin: 2.32 microg/g).	beta Carotene	69-73	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	10-16
33068135-9	2021	Expression analysis revealed that high expression of ccd1 led to low retention of proA carotenoids in V335PV, whereas proA retention in HKI161PV was higher due to lower expression.	beta Carotene	82-86	white cap1	Zea mays	53-57
33321809-2	2020	Ionones can either be chemically synthesized or endogenously produced via asymmetric cleavage of beta-carotene by beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2).	beta Carotene	97-110	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
33140889-12	2020	Six active compounds of LQC can enter the active pocket of Akt1, namely beta-carotene, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin and wogonin, thereby exerting potential therapeutic effects in COVID-19.	beta Carotene	72-85	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
33084091-10	2020	Cancer cells often explore XIAP for antiapoptotic and resistance tendencies, hence, beta-carotene-15,15"-epoxide and 7,7",8,8"-tetrahydro-beta, beta-carotene (XIAP antagonists) are promising drug candidates that can withstand resistant and prone cancer cells to apoptotic cell death.	beta Carotene	84-97	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
33062054-5	2020	Through comparative proteomic analysis and transcriptional confirmation, we identified five potential ABC transporters (Pdr5p, Pdr10p, Snq2p, Yor1p, and Yol075cp) for beta-carotene efflux.	beta Carotene	167-180	ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter PDR5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	120-125
32963037-3	2020	Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma beta-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice.	beta Carotene	71-84	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	135-160
32963037-3	2020	Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma beta-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice.	beta Carotene	71-84	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
32963037-3	2020	Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma beta-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice.	beta Carotene	135-148	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
32035229-3	2020	beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the central 15,15" carbon-carbon double of beta-carotene bond by addition of molecular oxygen.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
32035229-3	2020	beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the central 15,15" carbon-carbon double of beta-carotene bond by addition of molecular oxygen.	beta Carotene	119-132	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
33616900-6	2020	Through fermentation profiling, metabolites analysis, and transcriptional studies, we found the advantages of using xylose as a carbon source, instead of glucose, for beta-carotene production to be a more respiratory feature of xylose consumption, a larger cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool, and an upregulated expression level of rate-limiting genes in the beta-carotene-producing pathway, including ACS1 and HMG1.	beta Carotene	167-180	acetate--CoA ligase 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	393-397
33616900-6	2020	Through fermentation profiling, metabolites analysis, and transcriptional studies, we found the advantages of using xylose as a carbon source, instead of glucose, for beta-carotene production to be a more respiratory feature of xylose consumption, a larger cytosolic acetyl-CoA pool, and an upregulated expression level of rate-limiting genes in the beta-carotene-producing pathway, including ACS1 and HMG1.	beta Carotene	167-180	hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) HMG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	402-406
33062054-5	2020	Through comparative proteomic analysis and transcriptional confirmation, we identified five potential ABC transporters (Pdr5p, Pdr10p, Snq2p, Yor1p, and Yol075cp) for beta-carotene efflux.	beta Carotene	167-180	ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter PDR10	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	127-133
33154974-8	2020	For this purpose, the maize genotype HP467-15 was used as the donor for transferring the beta-carotene gene, crtRB1, into UMI1200 and UMI1230.	beta Carotene	89-102	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	109-115
33062054-5	2020	Through comparative proteomic analysis and transcriptional confirmation, we identified five potential ABC transporters (Pdr5p, Pdr10p, Snq2p, Yor1p, and Yol075cp) for beta-carotene efflux.	beta Carotene	167-180	ATP-binding cassette transporter SNQ2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	135-140
33062054-5	2020	Through comparative proteomic analysis and transcriptional confirmation, we identified five potential ABC transporters (Pdr5p, Pdr10p, Snq2p, Yor1p, and Yol075cp) for beta-carotene efflux.	beta Carotene	167-180	ATP-binding cassette transporter YOR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	142-147
33062054-7	2020	Here, we adopted an inducible GAL promoter to overexpress candidate transporters and enhanced the secretion and intracellular production of beta-carotene, in which Snq2p showed the best performance (a 4.04-fold and a 1.33-fold increase compared with its parental strain YBX-01, respectively).	beta Carotene	140-153	ATP-binding cassette transporter SNQ2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	164-169
33107270-10	2020	Such effects of BC were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of IL-6 and TBARS and an increase of GSH.	beta Carotene	16-18	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	68-72
32485606-2	2020	Here, in-situ high pressure Raman spectra of beta-carotene are measured up to 26 GPa.	beta Carotene	45-58	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-84
32450500-5	2020	Treatment of these M2 macrophages with BC led to suppression of M2-type macrophage-associated markers and of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	39-41	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	118-123
31646753-3	2020	Fruit-specific overexpression of LYCOPENE beta-CYCLASE (LCYb) resulted in increased beta-carotene (provitamin A) content.	beta Carotene	84-97	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic	Solanum lycopersicum	33-54
32686990-8	2020	Furthermore, beta-carotene decreased the expression of iNOS/NOS-2 and NF-kappaB, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting.	beta Carotene	13-26	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
32686990-8	2020	Furthermore, beta-carotene decreased the expression of iNOS/NOS-2 and NF-kappaB, as revealed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting.	beta Carotene	13-26	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
32686990-9	2020	Collectively, these results demonstrate that beta-carotene mitigates experimental liver fibrosis via inhibition of iNOS and NF-kappaB in-vivo.	beta Carotene	45-58	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
32560166-4	2020	Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the relationships between variants in the beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) gene and plasma carotenoid concentrations among 189 15-year-old girls and boys in rural Ghana.	beta Carotene	103-116	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
32492795-0	2020	Dietary beta-Carotene Rescues Vitamin A Deficiency and Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.	beta Carotene	8-21	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	81-97
32566584-0	2020	Beta carotene protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from advanced glycation end product-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
32566584-0	2020	Beta carotene protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from advanced glycation end product-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
32566584-14	2020	Furthermore, BC exerted a cardioprotective effect in AGE-induced H9c2 cells via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	13-15	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
32566584-14	2020	Furthermore, BC exerted a cardioprotective effect in AGE-induced H9c2 cells via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	13-15	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
32433733-4	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary beta-carotene and the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration.	beta Carotene	78-91	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
32433733-4	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary beta-carotene and the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration.	beta Carotene	112-125	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
32433733-7	2020	RESULTS: Upon beta-carotene feeding, Bco1-/- mice accumulated >20-fold greater plasma beta-carotene and had ~30 mg/dL increased circulating total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) than wild-type congenic mice.	beta Carotene	14-27	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
32433733-7	2020	RESULTS: Upon beta-carotene feeding, Bco1-/- mice accumulated >20-fold greater plasma beta-carotene and had ~30 mg/dL increased circulating total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and non-HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) than wild-type congenic mice.	beta Carotene	86-99	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
32450500-5	2020	Treatment of these M2 macrophages with BC led to suppression of M2-type macrophage-associated markers and of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	39-41	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	113-117
32134203-7	2020	RESULTS: beta-Carotene (provitamin A) suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various activators including MSU crystals, in mouse bone marrow-derived primary macrophages (p<0.05).	beta Carotene	9-22	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	53-58
32134203-7	2020	RESULTS: beta-Carotene (provitamin A) suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by various activators including MSU crystals, in mouse bone marrow-derived primary macrophages (p<0.05).	beta Carotene	24-36	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	53-58
32134203-8	2020	Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated the direct binding of beta-carotene to the pyrin domain (PYD) of NLRP3 (KD =3.41E-06).	beta Carotene	70-83	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	113-118
32134203-9	2020	Molecular modeling and mutation assays revealed the interaction mode between beta-carotene and the NLRP3 PYD.	beta Carotene	77-90	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	99-104
32134203-10	2020	Inflammatory symptoms induced by MSU crystals were attenuated by oral administration of beta-carotene in gouty arthritis mouse models (p<0.05), correlating with its suppressive effects on the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflamed tissues.	beta Carotene	88-101	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	192-197
32134203-11	2020	Furthermore, beta-carotene reduced IL-1beta secretion from human synovial fluid cells isolated from gout patients (p<0.05), showing its inhibitory efficacy in human patient cells.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	35-43
32134203-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Our results present beta-carotene as a selective and direct inhibitor of NLRP3 and the binding to NLRP3 PYD as a novel pharmacological strategy to combat NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases, including gouty arthritis.	beta Carotene	32-45	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	85-90
32582683-9	2020	The combination of yjgB gene deletion and nadK overexpression led to increased beta-carotene production and content.	beta Carotene	79-92	oxidoreductase	Escherichia coli	19-23
32426461-3	2020	Here, we identify LHRS (Lonicera hydroxylase rhodoxanthin synthase), a variant beta-carotene hydroxylase (BCH)-type integral membrane diiron enzyme that mediates the conversion of beta-carotene into rhodoxanthin.	beta Carotene	79-92	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	106-109
32331396-11	2020	Additionally, we observed that the palmitoylation status of mBCO2 and its membrane association depend on the presence of its substrate beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	135-148	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	60-65
32426461-5	2020	Substitution of only three residues converts a typical BCH into a multifunctional enzyme that mediates a multistep pathway from beta-carotene to rhodoxanthin via a series of distinct oxidation steps in which the product of each step becomes the substrate for the next catalytic cycle.	beta Carotene	128-141	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
32027669-11	2020	At E9.5, Cyp1b1 is expressed in the septum transversum mesenchyme (STM) with beta-carotene oxygenase (Bco1) that generates retinaldehyde.	beta Carotene	77-90	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	9-15
33016632-4	2020	Additionally, we found that 5% or less of the evaluated inbred lines possessing the shrunken2 (sh2) endosperm mutation had the most favorable lycE allele or crtRB1 haplotype for elevating beta-branch carotenoids (beta-carotene and zeaxanthin) or beta-carotene, respectively.	beta Carotene	246-259	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	84-93
33016632-3	2020	In agreement with earlier studies of maize kernels at maturity, we detected an association of beta-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) with beta-carotene concentration and lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) with the ratio of flux between the alpha- and beta-carotene branches in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.	beta Carotene	94-107	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	121-127
33016632-3	2020	In agreement with earlier studies of maize kernels at maturity, we detected an association of beta-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) with beta-carotene concentration and lycopene epsilon cyclase (lcyE) with the ratio of flux between the alpha- and beta-carotene branches in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.	beta Carotene	134-147	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	121-127
33016632-4	2020	Additionally, we found that 5% or less of the evaluated inbred lines possessing the shrunken2 (sh2) endosperm mutation had the most favorable lycE allele or crtRB1 haplotype for elevating beta-branch carotenoids (beta-carotene and zeaxanthin) or beta-carotene, respectively.	beta Carotene	213-226	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	84-93
32027669-11	2020	At E9.5, Cyp1b1 is expressed in the septum transversum mesenchyme (STM) with beta-carotene oxygenase (Bco1) that generates retinaldehyde.	beta Carotene	77-90	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	102-106
31666191-5	2020	Knockdown of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) gamma inhibited the beta-carotene-induced increase soleus muscle mass in mice.	beta Carotene	62-75	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	13-47
31666191-7	2020	Tg2 mRNA expression increased in ATRA- or beta-carotene-stimulated myotubes and in the soleus muscle of beta-carotene-treated mice.	beta Carotene	42-55	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
31666191-7	2020	Tg2 mRNA expression increased in ATRA- or beta-carotene-stimulated myotubes and in the soleus muscle of beta-carotene-treated mice.	beta Carotene	104-117	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
31666191-8	2020	Knockdown of RARgamma inhibited beta-carotene-increased mRNA expression of Tg2 in the soleus muscle.	beta Carotene	32-45	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	75-78
31891208-1	2020	SCOPE: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids.	beta Carotene	55-68	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	87-91
31891208-1	2020	SCOPE: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids.	beta Carotene	97-110	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	129-133
31889043-4	2019	Ten-day diet rich in yeast biomass containing carotenoids (torularhodin, torulene, beta-carotene) attenuated LPS-induced changes in expression of TJ proteins as observed by increased expression of occludin by 30% (P < 0.05) and JAM-A by 61% (P < 0.001) to the control values.	beta Carotene	83-96	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	197-205
31573118-0	2020	beta-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
31950022-9	2019	Results: Treatment of CD44+CD133+ colon CSCs with BC caused a reduction in both cell proliferation and sphere formation.	beta Carotene	50-52	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-26
31950022-12	2019	In addition, BC treatment down-regulated DNMT3A mRNA expression and global DNA methylation in colon CSCs.	beta Carotene	13-15	DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	41-47
31521963-0	2019	Serum beta-carotene modifies the association between phthalate mixtures and insulin resistance: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006.	beta Carotene	6-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
31521963-13	2019	In this cross-sectional study, the positive association between DEHP exposure and insulin resistance weakened among participants with higher concentrations of serum beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	165-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
31521963-14	2019	As this is the first human report on the protective role of serum beta-carotene on DEHP induced insulin resistance, future studies are needed.	beta Carotene	66-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
31573118-0	2020	beta-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
31573118-0	2020	beta-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
31573118-0	2020	beta-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	88-91
31573118-0	2020	beta-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	92-95
31573118-6	2020	beta-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum.	beta Carotene	0-13	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	47-56
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	55-60
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	72-75
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	76-79
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	102-105
31573118-7	2020	In addition, beta-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	106-111
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	74-77
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	78-83
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	135-139
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	140-144
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	154-157
31573118-9	2020	In the present study, beta-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	22-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	158-161
31477308-5	2019	Three key genes, BCMO1, BCO2, and SCARB1, have been shown to be associated with the amount of beta-carotene (BC) in milk.	beta Carotene	94-107	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Bos taurus	17-22
31477308-5	2019	Three key genes, BCMO1, BCO2, and SCARB1, have been shown to be associated with the amount of beta-carotene (BC) in milk.	beta Carotene	94-107	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	24-28
31477308-5	2019	Three key genes, BCMO1, BCO2, and SCARB1, have been shown to be associated with the amount of beta-carotene (BC) in milk.	beta Carotene	94-107	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Bos taurus	34-40
31889043-4	2019	Ten-day diet rich in yeast biomass containing carotenoids (torularhodin, torulene, beta-carotene) attenuated LPS-induced changes in expression of TJ proteins as observed by increased expression of occludin by 30% (P < 0.05) and JAM-A by 61% (P < 0.001) to the control values.	beta Carotene	83-96	F11 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	228-233
31321956-0	2019	beta-carotene provides neuro protection after experimental traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
31433944-2	2019	This paper describes the successful development of a bioderived GroEL protein nanobarrel as a Pickering stabilizer and its protective properties on beta-carotene in dispersed oil phase, as a model of labile bioactive compounds.	beta Carotene	148-161	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
31480727-10	2019	In silico activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined by the molecular modeling of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	99-112	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	49-53
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	71-80
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	82-90
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	95-100
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	145-153
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	155-159
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	161-165
31287602-7	2019	In addition, treatment with beta-carotene suppressed protein levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and MCP-1, as well as mRNA expression associated with IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-4 and Par-2 in skin tissues.	beta Carotene	28-41	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	170-175
31287602-9	2019	beta-Carotene significantly reduced the activity of proMMP-9, but not proMMP-2.	beta Carotene	0-13	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	52-60
31287602-10	2019	These results suggest that in Ox-AD mice, beta-carotene improves skin inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors, promoting filaggrin expression and reducing MMP-9 activity.	beta Carotene	42-55	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	182-187
31141232-11	2019	It was found that homozygous does with deletion at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene were characterized by considerably higher concentrations of xanthophylls and beta-carotene in the liver, adipose tissue and milk than does with the remaining genotypes.	beta Carotene	155-168	beta,beta-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-72
31212314-1	2019	BACKGROUND: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX), a provitamin A carotenoid shown to protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can be cleaved by beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) to generate vitamin A, and by beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to produce bioactive apo-carotenoids.	beta Carotene	149-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	181-185
31212314-1	2019	BACKGROUND: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX), a provitamin A carotenoid shown to protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can be cleaved by beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) to generate vitamin A, and by beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to produce bioactive apo-carotenoids.	beta Carotene	149-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	249-253
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-83
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	85-93
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	99-104
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	128-132
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	134-138
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	140-148
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	150-154
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	156-160
31292344-5	2019	In addition, beta-carotene significantly suppressed protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 and mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-4, IL-5, and Par-2 in AD-like skin tissues.	beta Carotene	13-26	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	166-171
31292344-6	2019	It was also found that mRNA and protein expression of filaggrin (a major structural protein in epidermis) in AD-like skin was significantly elevated by beta-carotene administration.	beta Carotene	152-165	filaggrin	Mus musculus	54-63
31292344-8	2019	These results suggest that beta-carotene reduces skin inflammation through the suppressed expression of inflammatory factors or the activity of MMPs as well as the promotion of filaggrin expression in AD-like skin.	beta Carotene	27-40	filaggrin	Mus musculus	177-186
31611905-0	2019	Marker-Assisted Selection to Pyramid the Opaque-2 (O2) and beta-Carotene (crtRB1) Genes in Maize.	beta Carotene	59-72	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	74-80
31260769-6	2019	Here, a nanocomposite of beta-carotene with reduced graphene oxide (betaC-rGO) has been developed to demonstrate its pronounced effect in regulating Nrf2 to trigger protection against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.	beta Carotene	25-38	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
31321956-10	2019	Taken together, our data demonstrated that beta-carotene administration was neuroprotective and alleviated oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1- mediated antioxidant pathway in the traumatic brain injury model.	beta Carotene	43-56	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
31321956-10	2019	Taken together, our data demonstrated that beta-carotene administration was neuroprotective and alleviated oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1- mediated antioxidant pathway in the traumatic brain injury model.	beta Carotene	43-56	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
30827104-4	2019	However, the addition of naringenin (Nar, 25 muM) and naringin (Nar-G, 25 muM) standards significantly reduced the incorporation efficiency of Bc by 23.8 and 26.4%, respectively ( p &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	143-145	latexin	Homo sapiens	45-48
28963040-11	2019	Beta-carotene oral supplementation to BALB/c and BTBR mice at birth significantly reduced restricted and stereotyped behaviors and interests, increased social interactions and communication, CD38, and oxytocin, probably by enhancing brain neuroplasticity without toxicity.	beta Carotene	0-13	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	191-195
30811831-4	2019	Increased visceral fat may be caused by up-regulated PPARgamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) and RXRalpha/beta (retinoid X receptors) in liver and adipose tissue, and glucose intolerance is observed in F1 adult females prenatally supplemented with BC, while F1 males do not exhibit these symptoms.	beta Carotene	269-271	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	53-62
30935000-11	2019	Due to the positive association between concentrations of n-3 LC PUFA (ALA and DHA) and beta-carotene in breastmilk and infant motor development, it is important to provide these nutrients with breastmilk.	beta Carotene	88-101	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	65-69
30827104-4	2019	However, the addition of naringenin (Nar, 25 muM) and naringin (Nar-G, 25 muM) standards significantly reduced the incorporation efficiency of Bc by 23.8 and 26.4%, respectively ( p &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	143-145	latexin	Homo sapiens	74-77
29857242-7	2018	Additionally, beta-carotene decreased the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18 and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of astrocyte in the spinal cord.	beta Carotene	14-27	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-121
30747092-5	2019	In this review, we aim to highlight the major critical control points that determine the fate of beta-carotene in the human body, with a special emphasis on beta-carotene oxygenase 1.	beta Carotene	97-110	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	157-182
30460722-0	2019	beta-carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	87-96
30460722-0	2019	beta-carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	0-13	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	98-102
30460722-0	2019	beta-carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	0-13	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	103-108
30460722-0	2019	beta-carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	113-116
30460722-0	2019	beta-carotene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3 and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	117-120
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	199-221
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	223-232
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	121-134	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	199-221
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	121-134	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	223-232
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	121-134	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	199-221
30460722-1	2019	beta-carotene is one of the most abundant carotenoids, has potential anti-inflammatory effect, it has been reported that beta-carotene could suppress LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) translocation, but the more detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of beta-carotene remain to be fully understood.	beta Carotene	121-134	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	223-232
30460722-2	2019	In this study, we investigated the influence of beta-carotene on the activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.	beta Carotene	48-61	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	83-87
30460722-2	2019	In this study, we investigated the influence of beta-carotene on the activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.	beta Carotene	48-61	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	88-93
30460722-2	2019	In this study, we investigated the influence of beta-carotene on the activation of JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.	beta Carotene	48-61	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	105-114
30460722-5	2019	The results showed that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p &lt; 0.05) LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and their mRNA expression.	beta Carotene	24-37	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	100-108
30460722-5	2019	The results showed that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p &lt; 0.05) LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and their mRNA expression.	beta Carotene	24-37	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	110-114
30460722-5	2019	The results showed that beta-carotene significantly suppressed (p &lt; 0.05) LPS-induced release of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and their mRNA expression.	beta Carotene	24-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
30460722-6	2019	LPS-induced JAK2/STAT3, IkappaB/NF-kappaB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p &lt; 0.05) by beta-carotene in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	125-138	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	12-16
30460722-6	2019	LPS-induced JAK2/STAT3, IkappaB/NF-kappaB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p &lt; 0.05) by beta-carotene in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	125-138	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	17-22
30460722-6	2019	LPS-induced JAK2/STAT3, IkappaB/NF-kappaB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p &lt; 0.05) by beta-carotene in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	125-138	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	32-41
30460722-6	2019	LPS-induced JAK2/STAT3, IkappaB/NF-kappaB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p &lt; 0.05) by beta-carotene in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	125-138	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	47-50
30460722-6	2019	LPS-induced JAK2/STAT3, IkappaB/NF-kappaB p65, JNK/p38 MAPK signal activation were significantly attenuated (p &lt; 0.05) by beta-carotene in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	125-138	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	51-54
30460722-7	2019	In conclusion, beta-carotene could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	15-28	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	92-101
30460722-7	2019	In conclusion, beta-carotene could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	15-28	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	103-107
30460722-7	2019	In conclusion, beta-carotene could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	15-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	108-113
30460722-7	2019	In conclusion, beta-carotene could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	15-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	119-122
30460722-7	2019	In conclusion, beta-carotene could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NF-kappaB, JAK2/STAT3, and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages.	beta Carotene	15-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	123-126
29857242-6	2018	beta-Carotene also relieved SCI-induced oxidative stress via regulation of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase, as well as restored SCI-suppressed protein expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1.	beta Carotene	0-13	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	215-219
29857242-7	2018	Additionally, beta-carotene decreased the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18 and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of astrocyte in the spinal cord.	beta Carotene	14-27	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	123-140
29857242-7	2018	Additionally, beta-carotene decreased the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18 and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of astrocyte in the spinal cord.	beta Carotene	14-27	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	142-156
29857242-7	2018	Additionally, beta-carotene decreased the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-18 and cyclooxygenase-2, and inhibited the activation of astrocyte in the spinal cord.	beta Carotene	14-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-177
29571466-5	2018	kappa-Casein had the highest binding affinity to beta-carotene, among casein fractions.	beta Carotene	49-62	casein kappa	Bos taurus	0-12
29974106-3	2018	The objective of this study was to produce beta-carotene nanoparticles by the solid dispersion method and to evaluate their effects on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes using Drosophila melanogaster (DM) homogenate, the superoxide dismutase- and catalase-like activities under in vitro conditions, and their cytotoxic properties against tumor and non-tumor cells.	beta Carotene	43-56	Glutathione S transferase D4	Drosophila melanogaster	151-176
29974106-3	2018	The objective of this study was to produce beta-carotene nanoparticles by the solid dispersion method and to evaluate their effects on the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes using Drosophila melanogaster (DM) homogenate, the superoxide dismutase- and catalase-like activities under in vitro conditions, and their cytotoxic properties against tumor and non-tumor cells.	beta Carotene	43-56	Acetylcholine esterase	Drosophila melanogaster	181-201
29974106-4	2018	The formed nanometric beta-carotene particles resulted in stable colloids, readily dispersed in water, able to modulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and presenting high potential to control the cholinergic system.	beta Carotene	22-35	Acetylcholine esterase	Drosophila melanogaster	120-140
29974106-4	2018	The formed nanometric beta-carotene particles resulted in stable colloids, readily dispersed in water, able to modulate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and presenting high potential to control the cholinergic system.	beta Carotene	22-35	Acetylcholine esterase	Drosophila melanogaster	142-146
29974106-5	2018	Beta-carotene nanoparticles, at concentrations much lower than the pure pristine beta-carotene, presented in vitro mimetic activity to superoxide dismutase and altered glutathione-S-transferase activity in DM tissue.	beta Carotene	0-13	Glutathione S transferase D4	Drosophila melanogaster	168-193
29746108-5	2018	Combined quantification of beta-carotene and ergocalciferol enabled the detection of cow milk with a sensitivity threshold of 5% (w/w).	beta Carotene	27-40	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	89-93
29892071-3	2018	Embryos can generate retinoic acid from maternal circulating beta-carotene upon oxidation of retinaldehyde produced via the symmetric cleavage enzyme beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1).	beta Carotene	61-74	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
29892071-3	2018	Embryos can generate retinoic acid from maternal circulating beta-carotene upon oxidation of retinaldehyde produced via the symmetric cleavage enzyme beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1).	beta Carotene	150-163	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
29892071-4	2018	Another cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating beta-apo-10"-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1.	beta Carotene	25-38	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
29892071-4	2018	Another cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating beta-apo-10"-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1.	beta Carotene	25-38	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	263-267
29892071-8	2018	These data demonstrate that BCO2 prevents beta-carotene toxicity during embryogenesis under severe vitamin A deficiency.	beta Carotene	42-55	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	28-32
29758201-6	2018	In the BC group, hypomethylation of the Rbp4 and hypermethylation of the Pcna promoter at distinct CpGs was observed, with no effects on gene expression.	beta Carotene	7-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
29758201-6	2018	In the BC group, hypomethylation of the Rbp4 and hypermethylation of the Pcna promoter at distinct CpGs was observed, with no effects on gene expression.	beta Carotene	7-9	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
29742455-6	2018	beta-Carotene had no significant effect in bco2-/- mice but modestly improved cone visual function of bco1-/- mice.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	102-106
30087543-7	2018	The 0.025% beta-carotene-containing diet increased the gene expression of osteoprotegerin in the bone marrow cells in unloading mice.	beta Carotene	11-24	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (osteoprotegerin)	Mus musculus	74-89
29377934-8	2018	RESULTS: The diet between groups was identical, except for beta-carotene consumption, which was higher in SPI+ than in SPI- (10.8 vs. 1.8 mg/day).	beta Carotene	59-72	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	106-109
29731858-2	2018	In the present study, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in the effect of lycopene and beta-carotene on the viability of EC109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells was investigated.	beta Carotene	125-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-82
29731858-2	2018	In the present study, the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in the effect of lycopene and beta-carotene on the viability of EC109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells was investigated.	beta Carotene	125-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-93
29731858-4	2018	The effects of lycopene and beta-carotene on the expression of PPARgamma, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting.	beta Carotene	28-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-72
29731858-4	2018	The effects of lycopene and beta-carotene on the expression of PPARgamma, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting.	beta Carotene	28-41	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	74-86
29731858-4	2018	The effects of lycopene and beta-carotene on the expression of PPARgamma, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting.	beta Carotene	28-41	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	88-97
29731858-4	2018	The effects of lycopene and beta-carotene on the expression of PPARgamma, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting.	beta Carotene	28-41	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	102-118
29731858-4	2018	The effects of lycopene and beta-carotene on the expression of PPARgamma, p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed by western blotting.	beta Carotene	28-41	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
29731858-7	2018	Lycopene and beta-carotene treatments upregulated the expression of PPARgamma and p21WAF1/CIP1, and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-77
29731858-7	2018	Lycopene and beta-carotene treatments upregulated the expression of PPARgamma and p21WAF1/CIP1, and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	90-94
29731858-7	2018	Lycopene and beta-carotene treatments upregulated the expression of PPARgamma and p21WAF1/CIP1, and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	132-141
29731858-7	2018	Lycopene and beta-carotene treatments upregulated the expression of PPARgamma and p21WAF1/CIP1, and downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 and COX-2.	beta Carotene	13-26	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
29475907-7	2018	RESULTS: Hmox1 mRNA, but not Cox2 and Nos2 mRNA, was up-regulated by 100 muM beta-carotene and lycopene, and by 0.125% TBB.	beta Carotene	77-90	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	9-14
29475907-8	2018	LPS-stimulated Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa gene expression was inhibited by 50 muM beta-carotene and lycopene, and by 0.5-1% TBB.	beta Carotene	75-88	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	15-19
29475907-8	2018	LPS-stimulated Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa gene expression was inhibited by 50 muM beta-carotene and lycopene, and by 0.5-1% TBB.	beta Carotene	75-88	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	21-25
29475907-8	2018	LPS-stimulated Cox2, Nos2 and Tnfa gene expression was inhibited by 50 muM beta-carotene and lycopene, and by 0.5-1% TBB.	beta Carotene	75-88	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	30-34
29629347-0	2018	beta-Carotene Inhibits Activation of NF-kappaB, Activator Protein-1, and STAT3 and Regulates Abnormal Expression of Some Adipokines in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	37-46
29629347-0	2018	beta-Carotene Inhibits Activation of NF-kappaB, Activator Protein-1, and STAT3 and Regulates Abnormal Expression of Some Adipokines in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.	beta Carotene	0-13	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	48-67
29629347-0	2018	beta-Carotene Inhibits Activation of NF-kappaB, Activator Protein-1, and STAT3 and Regulates Abnormal Expression of Some Adipokines in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.	beta Carotene	0-13	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
29629347-4	2018	The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta-carotene regulates the expression of adipokines, such as adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO).	beta Carotene	51-64	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	113-124
29629347-4	2018	The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta-carotene regulates the expression of adipokines, such as adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO).	beta Carotene	51-64	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	126-160
29629347-4	2018	The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta-carotene regulates the expression of adipokines, such as adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO).	beta Carotene	51-64	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
29629347-4	2018	The purpose of this study was to determine whether beta-carotene regulates the expression of adipokines, such as adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO).	beta Carotene	51-64	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	237-243
29629347-10	2018	G/GO-induced activations of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT3 were inhibited by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	73-86	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	28-37
29629347-10	2018	G/GO-induced activations of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT3 were inhibited by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	73-86	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	39-43
29629347-10	2018	G/GO-induced activations of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT3 were inhibited by beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	73-86	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	49-54
29629347-11	2018	G/GO-induced dysregulation of adiponectin, MCP-1, and RANTES were significantly recovered by treatment with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	108-121	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	30-41
29629347-11	2018	G/GO-induced dysregulation of adiponectin, MCP-1, and RANTES were significantly recovered by treatment with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	108-121	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
29629347-11	2018	G/GO-induced dysregulation of adiponectin, MCP-1, and RANTES were significantly recovered by treatment with beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	108-121	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	54-60
29629347-12	2018	Conclusions: beta-Carotene inhibits oxidative stress-induced inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory adipokines MCP-1 and RANTES, and by enhancing adiponectin in adipocytes.	beta Carotene	13-26	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
29629347-12	2018	Conclusions: beta-Carotene inhibits oxidative stress-induced inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory adipokines MCP-1 and RANTES, and by enhancing adiponectin in adipocytes.	beta Carotene	13-26	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	127-133
29629347-12	2018	Conclusions: beta-Carotene inhibits oxidative stress-induced inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory adipokines MCP-1 and RANTES, and by enhancing adiponectin in adipocytes.	beta Carotene	13-26	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	152-163
29473885-0	2018	Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Stability of beta-Carotene Bilayer Emulsion Coated with Bovine Serum Albumin and Arabic Gum Compared to Monolayer Emulsions.	beta Carotene	53-66	albumin	Homo sapiens	103-116
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	beta Carotene	31-44	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	134-139
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	beta Carotene	31-44	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	143-168
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	beta Carotene	31-44	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	172-176
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	beta Carotene	31-44	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	215-219
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	beta Carotene	261-274	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	134-139
29731858-8	2018	These modulatory effects of the carotenoid treatments were suppressed by GW9662, suggesting that the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and beta-carotene involves PPARgamma signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and COX-2 expression.	beta Carotene	152-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	175-184
29731858-8	2018	These modulatory effects of the carotenoid treatments were suppressed by GW9662, suggesting that the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and beta-carotene involves PPARgamma signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and COX-2 expression.	beta Carotene	152-165	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	226-238
29731858-8	2018	These modulatory effects of the carotenoid treatments were suppressed by GW9662, suggesting that the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and beta-carotene involves PPARgamma signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and COX-2 expression.	beta Carotene	152-165	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	240-249
29731858-8	2018	These modulatory effects of the carotenoid treatments were suppressed by GW9662, suggesting that the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and beta-carotene involves PPARgamma signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1 and COX-2 expression.	beta Carotene	152-165	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	254-259
29534042-3	2018	The main effect of pasture diet on the sensory properties of bovine milk and cheese is increased yellow intensity correlated to beta-carotene content, which is a possible biomarker for pasture derived dairy products.	beta Carotene	128-141	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	68-72
29378820-8	2018	When the GWAS was re-conducted by including the major effects of lcyE and crtRB1 genes as covariates, a SNP in a gene coding for an auxin response factor 20 transcription factor was identified which displayed an association with beta-carotene and provitamin A levels.	beta Carotene	229-242	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	65-69
29378820-8	2018	When the GWAS was re-conducted by including the major effects of lcyE and crtRB1 genes as covariates, a SNP in a gene coding for an auxin response factor 20 transcription factor was identified which displayed an association with beta-carotene and provitamin A levels.	beta Carotene	229-242	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	74-80
29378820-8	2018	When the GWAS was re-conducted by including the major effects of lcyE and crtRB1 genes as covariates, a SNP in a gene coding for an auxin response factor 20 transcription factor was identified which displayed an association with beta-carotene and provitamin A levels.	beta Carotene	247-259	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	65-69
29378820-8	2018	When the GWAS was re-conducted by including the major effects of lcyE and crtRB1 genes as covariates, a SNP in a gene coding for an auxin response factor 20 transcription factor was identified which displayed an association with beta-carotene and provitamin A levels.	beta Carotene	247-259	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	74-80
29377934-8	2018	RESULTS: The diet between groups was identical, except for beta-carotene consumption, which was higher in SPI+ than in SPI- (10.8 vs. 1.8 mg/day).	beta Carotene	59-72	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	119-122
29377934-9	2018	The serum retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher in SPI+ than in SPI- at 1.26 +- 0.36 mumol/l versus 1.03 +- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.008) and 0.59 +-0.37 mumol/l versus 0.46+- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.04), respectively.	beta Carotene	22-35	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	80-83
29377934-9	2018	The serum retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher in SPI+ than in SPI- at 1.26 +- 0.36 mumol/l versus 1.03 +- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.008) and 0.59 +-0.37 mumol/l versus 0.46+- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.04), respectively.	beta Carotene	22-35	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	93-96
28821981-6	2018	For EAC, an increased risk was reported for smoking, body mass index, and red and processed meat consumption, while risk decreased with Helicobacter pylori infection, low/moderate alcohol drinking, physical activity, and consumption of fruit, vegetables, folate, fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamin C.	beta Carotene	270-283	CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase	Homo sapiens	4-7
28612271-8	2018	Transformant CrDXS#1 produced lutein and beta-carotene at lower per-cell abundances than those for the parental strain.	beta Carotene	41-54	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	13-20
28906038-0	2018	beta-carotene suppresses Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytokine production in THP-1 monocytes cultured with high glucose condition.	beta Carotene	0-13	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
28906038-8	2018	beta-carotene suppressed the enhancement of the Pg LPS-induced cytokine production in THP-1 via NF-kappaB inactivation.	beta Carotene	0-13	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
29129231-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Women who consumed a healthier diet including vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and folate and low-fat milk were at decreased risk for developing BrCa compared with those whose diet included more high fat and lamb meat.	beta Carotene	69-82	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	161-165
30814864-2	2017	In this study, we report the successful overexpression of the IbOr gene in H145 and H95 inbred maize lines under the control of maize seed-specific promoter globulin 1 (Glo1) for the purpose of improving beta-carotene in maize.	beta Carotene	204-217	globulin-1	Zea mays	169-173
28550445-12	2017	The inhibition of Akt activation by beta-carotene results in decreased phosphorylation of Bad.	beta Carotene	36-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
29067377-1	2017	The current study investigated the application of a soy protein isolate (SPI), kappa-carrageenan (CG) and quercetagetin (Qut) non-covalent complex in stabilizing beta-carotene emulsions.	beta Carotene	162-175	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	73-76
29067377-6	2017	The ternary complex allowed less degradation of beta-carotene in the emulsions when exposed to light or thermally treated at 37  C or 55  C. Therefore, the SPI-CG-Qut non-covalent complex might work as a novel ingredient in designing delivery systems for beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	48-61	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	156-159
29067377-6	2017	The ternary complex allowed less degradation of beta-carotene in the emulsions when exposed to light or thermally treated at 37  C or 55  C. Therefore, the SPI-CG-Qut non-covalent complex might work as a novel ingredient in designing delivery systems for beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	255-268	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	156-159
28550445-5	2017	The induction of apoptosis by beta-carotene was observed by DAPI staining and colorimetric caspase-3 assay.	beta Carotene	30-43	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	91-100
28550445-10	2017	The protein expression studies showed that beta-carotene at 1 microM concentration effectively decreases the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and PARP, and survival protein, NF-kB.	beta Carotene	43-56	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	151-156
27696529-4	2017	Increasing KNO3 and NaHCO3 from 0.5 and 0.043 g L-1 to 1 and 2.1 g L-1 , respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L-1 ) and beta-carotene (19 mg L-1 ).	beta Carotene	150-163	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	48-51
28550445-10	2017	The protein expression studies showed that beta-carotene at 1 microM concentration effectively decreases the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and PARP, and survival protein, NF-kB.	beta Carotene	43-56	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	161-165
27696529-4	2017	Increasing KNO3 and NaHCO3 from 0.5 and 0.043 g L-1 to 1 and 2.1 g L-1 , respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L-1 ) and beta-carotene (19 mg L-1 ).	beta Carotene	150-163	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	67-70
27696529-4	2017	Increasing KNO3 and NaHCO3 from 0.5 and 0.043 g L-1 to 1 and 2.1 g L-1 , respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L-1 ) and beta-carotene (19 mg L-1 ).	beta Carotene	150-163	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	67-70
27696529-4	2017	Increasing KNO3 and NaHCO3 from 0.5 and 0.043 g L-1 to 1 and 2.1 g L-1 , respectively, significantly improved the yields of biomass (0.33 g L-1 ) and beta-carotene (19 mg L-1 ).	beta Carotene	150-163	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	67-70
29073082-1	2017	The intestinal epithelium is a major site for the conversion of dietary beta-carotene to retinaldehyde by the enzyme BCO1.	beta Carotene	72-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	117-121
29073082-4	2017	We report here that the intestine-specific homeobox protein ISX is critical to control the metabolic flow of beta-carotene through this important branching point of vitamin A metabolism.	beta Carotene	109-122	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	60-63
29073082-8	2017	In the intestine, it increased the expression of retinoic acid-inducible target genes such as Aldh1a2, Dhrs3, and Ccr9 The beta-carotene-inducible disruption of retinoid homeostasis affected gut-homing and differentiation of lymphocytes and displayed morphologically in large lymphoid follicles along the intestine.	beta Carotene	123-136	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	94-101
29073082-8	2017	In the intestine, it increased the expression of retinoic acid-inducible target genes such as Aldh1a2, Dhrs3, and Ccr9 The beta-carotene-inducible disruption of retinoid homeostasis affected gut-homing and differentiation of lymphocytes and displayed morphologically in large lymphoid follicles along the intestine.	beta Carotene	123-136	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	Mus musculus	103-108
29073082-8	2017	In the intestine, it increased the expression of retinoic acid-inducible target genes such as Aldh1a2, Dhrs3, and Ccr9 The beta-carotene-inducible disruption of retinoid homeostasis affected gut-homing and differentiation of lymphocytes and displayed morphologically in large lymphoid follicles along the intestine.	beta Carotene	123-136	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	114-118
28495632-2	2017	The results showed that EPS-Ca6 had a potential antioxidant activity determined through four different assays: DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, beta-carotene bleaching by linoleic acid assay, and Metal chelating activities.	beta Carotene	153-166	carbonic anhydrase 6	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
28669184-0	2017	Singlet Fission Reaction of Light-Exposed beta-Carotene Bound to Bovine Serum Albumin.	beta Carotene	42-55	albumin	Homo sapiens	72-85
28747484-3	2017	beta-Carotene bioefficacy is often estimated from the ratio of the areas under plasma isotope response curves after subjects ingest labeled beta-carotene and a labeled retinyl acetate reference dose [isotope reference method (IRM)], but to our knowledge, the method has not yet been evaluated for accuracy.Objectives: Our objectives were to develop and test a physiologically based compartmental model that includes both absorptive and postabsorptive beta-carotene bioconversion and to use the model to evaluate the accuracy of the IRM and a simple plasma retinol isotope ratio [(RIR), labeled beta-carotene-derived retinol/labeled reference-dose-derived retinol in one plasma sample] for estimating relative bioefficacy.Methods: We used model-based compartmental analysis (Simulation, Analysis and Modeling software) to develop and apply a model that provided known values for beta-carotene bioefficacy.	beta Carotene	0-13	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1	Homo sapiens	580-583
28747484-5	2017	We also applied RIR and IRM to previously published data.Results: Plasma RIR accurately predicted beta-carotene relative bioefficacy at 14 d or later.	beta Carotene	98-111	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
28747484-7	2017	Based on our model, 1-d predictions of relative bioefficacy include absorptive plus a portion of early postabsorptive conversion.Conclusion: The plasma RIR is a simple tracer method that accurately predicts beta-carotene relative bioefficacy based on analysis of one blood sample obtained at &gt;=14 d after co-ingestion of labeled beta-carotene and retinyl acetate.	beta Carotene	207-220	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
28747484-7	2017	Based on our model, 1-d predictions of relative bioefficacy include absorptive plus a portion of early postabsorptive conversion.Conclusion: The plasma RIR is a simple tracer method that accurately predicts beta-carotene relative bioefficacy based on analysis of one blood sample obtained at &gt;=14 d after co-ingestion of labeled beta-carotene and retinyl acetate.	beta Carotene	332-345	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
28703588-0	2017	Nonenzymatic beta-Carotene Degradation in Provitamin A-Biofortified Crop Plants.	beta Carotene	13-26	LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor	Homo sapiens	68-72
28703588-0	2017	Nonenzymatic beta-Carotene Degradation in Provitamin A-Biofortified Crop Plants.	beta Carotene	42-54	LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor	Homo sapiens	68-72
28625776-0	2017	Beta-carotene preferentially regulates chicken myoblast proliferation withdrawal and differentiation commitment via BCO1 activity and retinoic acid production.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	116-120
28625776-1	2017	The enzyme beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the breakdown of provitamin A, including beta-carotene (BC), into retinal, prior to its oxidation into retinoic acid (RA).	beta Carotene	71-83	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	11-36
28625776-1	2017	The enzyme beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the breakdown of provitamin A, including beta-carotene (BC), into retinal, prior to its oxidation into retinoic acid (RA).	beta Carotene	71-83	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	38-42
28625776-1	2017	The enzyme beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the breakdown of provitamin A, including beta-carotene (BC), into retinal, prior to its oxidation into retinoic acid (RA).	beta Carotene	11-24	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	38-42
28625776-1	2017	The enzyme beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the breakdown of provitamin A, including beta-carotene (BC), into retinal, prior to its oxidation into retinoic acid (RA).	beta Carotene	38-40	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	11-36
27395328-10	2017	A plant-sourced pattern (beta-carotene, vitamin A, lutein and zeaxanthin) was inversely associated with CRP (p for trend across quartiles 0.005).	beta Carotene	25-38	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	104-107
28669184-3	2017	Upon direct photoexcitation of beta-carotene (beta-Car), nanosecond flash photolysis and femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy detected a substantial population of triplet states for beta-Car aggregates associated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or dispersed in aqueous phase with 10% tetrahydrofuran (THF), but none were observed for monomeric beta-Car in neat THF.	beta Carotene	31-44	albumin	Homo sapiens	227-240
27836841-11	2017	This system was utilized successfully to control the expression of the Drosophila melanogaster beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase, NinaB, which is toxic when constitutively expressed from a strong promoter in Synechococcus sp.	beta Carotene	95-108	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	129-134
27956097-8	2017	Our findings provide a newer insight into the use of beta-carotene in cancer prevention and protection via inhibition of CAMKIV by regulating the signaling pathways.	beta Carotene	53-66	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	121-127
28732066-0	2017	Inhibition of pulmonary beta-carotene 15, 15"-oxygenase expression by glucocorticoid involves PPARalpha.	beta Carotene	24-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-103
28732066-1	2017	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A.	beta Carotene	92-104	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
28732066-1	2017	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A.	beta Carotene	92-104	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
28663749-7	2017	Among these targets, the class E protein of the vacuolar protein-sorting pathway (Did2) led to the highest improvement in beta-carotene yields, which was 2.1-fold to that of the corresponding control.	beta Carotene	122-135	Did2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	82-86
28663749-8	2017	This improvement was further explained by the observation that the overexpression of the DID2 gene generally boosted the transcriptions of beta-carotene pathway genes.	beta Carotene	139-152	Did2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-93
28584578-8	2017	Plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol increased significantly in GSTT1 wild genotype (P &lt; 0.05); however, plasma level of beta-carotene increased significantly in GSTT1 null genotype (P &lt; 0.01).	beta Carotene	121-134	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
27616430-3	2017	This work presented an effective approach to improve the water dispersibility, stability and even bioaccessibility of beta-carotene, using soy protein isolate (SPI) to perform as effective nanocarriers for this molecule.	beta Carotene	118-131	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	160-163
27616430-4	2017	RESULTS: The complexation with SPI remarkably improved the water dispersibility and stability against heating and freeze-drying of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	131-144	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	31-34
27616430-5	2017	However, the encapsulation efficiency and stability of beta-carotene in the nanocomplexes with SPI were closely dependent on the applied beta-carotene-to-protein ratio, at which the complexation occurred.	beta Carotene	55-68	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	95-98
27616430-5	2017	However, the encapsulation efficiency and stability of beta-carotene in the nanocomplexes with SPI were closely dependent on the applied beta-carotene-to-protein ratio, at which the complexation occurred.	beta Carotene	137-150	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	95-98
27616430-7	2017	The complexation with beta-carotene mainly occurred on the surface of SPI nanoparticles, through hydrophobic interactions.	beta Carotene	22-35	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	70-73
27616430-10	2017	CONCLUSION: SPI exhibits a good potential to perform as a nanocarrier for enhanced water dispersibility, stability and bioaccessibility of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	139-152	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	12-15
27862083-2	2017	Beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a key enzyme in the progress of beta-carotene metabolism and is associated with yellow adipose tissue color in sheep.	beta Carotene	68-81	carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	0-25
27862083-2	2017	Beta-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) is a key enzyme in the progress of beta-carotene metabolism and is associated with yellow adipose tissue color in sheep.	beta Carotene	68-81	carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	27-31
28263804-9	2017	A decrease in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and resorption was also observed after beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	86-99	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	14-19
28263804-10	2017	beta-Carotene attenuated the NF-kB pathway activation by RANKL, with no effect on MAPK pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	57-62
28263804-11	2017	beta-Carotene suppressed the upregulation of NFATc1 and c-Fos by RANKL.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
28263804-11	2017	beta-Carotene suppressed the upregulation of NFATc1 and c-Fos by RANKL.	beta Carotene	0-13	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
28263804-11	2017	beta-Carotene suppressed the upregulation of NFATc1 and c-Fos by RANKL.	beta Carotene	0-13	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	65-70
27956097-0	2017	Binding studies and biological evaluation of beta-carotene as a potential inhibitor of human calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV.	beta Carotene	45-58	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	93-139
27956097-3	2017	Here, we report a strong binding affinity of beta-carotene with CAMKIV using molecular docking, fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry methods.	beta Carotene	45-58	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	64-70
27956097-4	2017	Furthermore, beta-carotene also reduces the enzyme activity of CAMKIV moderately as observed during ATPase assay.	beta Carotene	13-26	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	63-69
27807077-0	2017	beta-Carotene 9",10" Oxygenase Modulates the Anticancer Activity of Dietary Tomato or Lycopene on Prostate Carcinogenesis in the TRAMP Model.	beta Carotene	0-13	aquaporin PIP1-5	Solanum lycopersicum	129-134
27807077-2	2017	We hypothesize that variation in activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, such as beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), may alter the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on prostate carcinogenesis and therefore examined this relationship in the TRAMP model.	beta Carotene	82-95	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	114-118
27807077-2	2017	We hypothesize that variation in activity of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, such as beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), may alter the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on prostate carcinogenesis and therefore examined this relationship in the TRAMP model.	beta Carotene	82-95	aquaporin PIP1-5	Solanum lycopersicum	248-253
28704820-7	2017	RESULTS: Subjects who were beta-carotene-deficient (23.1% of the studied children) had higher IL-6 levels than subjects with normal beta-carotene concentrations.	beta Carotene	27-40	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	94-98
28704820-8	2017	The log-IL-6 and log-hs-CRP concentrations, but not the log-TNF-alpha level, were strongly and inversely related to the plasma log-beta-carotene level (taking into account log-age, energy intake, log-triglycerides, gender, log-body mass index, log-beta-carotene intake, energy from lipids and cholesterol as covariables).	beta Carotene	131-144	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	8-12
28704820-9	2017	When the 3 inflammatory biomarkers were introduced into the regression model along with the corresponding covariables, only the log-IL-6 level was related to the plasma log-beta-carotene level (beta = -0.505 +- 0.078; p &lt; 0.001).	beta Carotene	173-186	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	132-136
28704820-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory status, in particular IL-6 levels, appears to be negatively associated with plasma beta-carotene levels in schoolchildren.	beta Carotene	109-122	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	48-52
28008970-4	2016	Here, TERS in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM), and conventional Raman spectroscopy characterizes insulin assemblies generated during inhibition and dissection experiments in the presence of benzonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, quercetin, and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	253-266	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
29230410-5	2017	This work aimed at (i) determining the HDL, Apo A1, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in ZVL patients" sera; (ii) investigating the oxidative effect of ZVL patients" sera on the beta-carotene matrix; (iii) measuring IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in the macrophage cultures, to which 10% of ZVL patients" serum had been added.	beta Carotene	173-186	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	211-216
29230410-5	2017	This work aimed at (i) determining the HDL, Apo A1, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in ZVL patients" sera; (ii) investigating the oxidative effect of ZVL patients" sera on the beta-carotene matrix; (iii) measuring IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in the macrophage cultures, to which 10% of ZVL patients" serum had been added.	beta Carotene	173-186	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	218-222
29230410-5	2017	This work aimed at (i) determining the HDL, Apo A1, LDL, and VLDL concentrations in ZVL patients" sera; (ii) investigating the oxidative effect of ZVL patients" sera on the beta-carotene matrix; (iii) measuring IL-10, IL-6, IL-12p40, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations in the macrophage cultures, to which 10% of ZVL patients" serum had been added.	beta Carotene	173-186	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	268-277
28005968-0	2016	Common SNP rs6564851 in the BCO1 Gene Affects the Circulating Levels of beta-Carotene and the Daily Intake of Carotenoids in Healthy Japanese Women.	beta Carotene	72-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
27629887-1	2016	beta-Carotene-15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15" double bond, most notably acting on beta-carotene to yield retinal.	beta Carotene	126-139	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-32
27629887-1	2016	beta-Carotene-15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) cleaves dietary carotenoids at the central 15,15" double bond, most notably acting on beta-carotene to yield retinal.	beta Carotene	126-139	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	34-38
27751853-0	2016	Retinoic acid receptor beta enhanced the anti-cancer stem cells effect of beta-carotene by down-regulating expression of delta-like 1 homologue in human neuroblastoma cells.	beta Carotene	74-87	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	0-27
27916814-0	2016	Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Contributes to beta-Carotene Uptake in the Maternal Liver.	beta Carotene	48-61	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	0-32
27916814-5	2016	Here, we investigated the role of the LDL receptor (LDLr) in beta-carotene uptake by maternal liver, placenta and embryo.	beta Carotene	61-74	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	38-50
27916814-5	2016	Here, we investigated the role of the LDL receptor (LDLr) in beta-carotene uptake by maternal liver, placenta and embryo.	beta Carotene	61-74	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	52-56
27916814-6	2016	We administered a single dose of beta-carotene to Ldlr+/- and Ldlr-/- pregnant mice via intraperitoneal injection at mid-gestation and monitored the changes in beta-carotene content among maternal lipoproteins and the liver, as well as the accumulation of beta-carotene in the placental-fetal unit.	beta Carotene	33-46	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	50-54
27916814-6	2016	We administered a single dose of beta-carotene to Ldlr+/- and Ldlr-/- pregnant mice via intraperitoneal injection at mid-gestation and monitored the changes in beta-carotene content among maternal lipoproteins and the liver, as well as the accumulation of beta-carotene in the placental-fetal unit.	beta Carotene	33-46	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	62-66
27916814-7	2016	We showed an abnormal beta-carotene distribution among serum lipoproteins and reduced hepatic beta-carotene uptake in Ldlr-/- dams.	beta Carotene	94-107	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
27916814-8	2016	These data strongly imply that LDLr significantly contributes to beta-carotene uptake in the adult mouse liver.	beta Carotene	65-78	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	31-35
28018391-6	2016	Lipidome-wide analysis indicated that beta-carotene, lutein, and violaxanthin were the principle substrates of CCD4 in vivo and were cleaved in senescing chloroplasts.	beta Carotene	38-51	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-115
27586268-8	2016	Further studies demonstrated that the combined administration of 5-FU and beta-carotene significantly down-regulated the protein levels of Cav-1, p-AKT, p-NF-kappaB, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K in Eca109 cells more effectively than did 5-FU alone.	beta Carotene	74-87	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
27586268-8	2016	Further studies demonstrated that the combined administration of 5-FU and beta-carotene significantly down-regulated the protein levels of Cav-1, p-AKT, p-NF-kappaB, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K in Eca109 cells more effectively than did 5-FU alone.	beta Carotene	74-87	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	179-185
27751853-5	2016	Treatment with BC or retinoic acid (RA) upregulated RARbeta mRNA expression in two NB cell lines.	beta Carotene	15-17	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	52-59
27402843-2	2016	In mammalian tissues, beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde, which is then oxidized to retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A that acts as a transcription factor ligand to regulate gene expression.	beta Carotene	22-35	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
27733486-6	2016	Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of lutein and beta-carotene were from 50 to 1,000 ng mL-1 The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were &gt;0.9982, relative standard deviations (n = 5) were between 2.23% and 3.51% and the limits of detection were 0.038 and 0.045 mug mL-1 for lutein and beta-carotene, respectively.	beta Carotene	61-74	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	100-104
27315229-15	2016	In addition, SSP, SC, or beta-carotene significantly increased the levels of TNF-alpha through the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha in the rIFN-gamma-primed RAW 264.7 cells.	beta Carotene	25-38	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
27315229-13	2016	The levels of interleukin-2 and IFN-gamma were up-regulated by SSP, SC, or beta-carotene in the splenocytes.	beta Carotene	75-88	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
27315229-14	2016	SC and beta-carotene also increased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the splenocytes.	beta Carotene	7-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-88
27315229-15	2016	In addition, SSP, SC, or beta-carotene significantly increased the levels of TNF-alpha through the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha in the rIFN-gamma-primed RAW 264.7 cells.	beta Carotene	25-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	77-86
27315229-15	2016	In addition, SSP, SC, or beta-carotene significantly increased the levels of TNF-alpha through the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB and phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha in the rIFN-gamma-primed RAW 264.7 cells.	beta Carotene	25-38	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	173-185
27402843-2	2016	In mammalian tissues, beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde, which is then oxidized to retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A that acts as a transcription factor ligand to regulate gene expression.	beta Carotene	69-82	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
27402843-3	2016	beta-Carotene can also be cleaved by beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to form beta-apo-10"-carotenal, a precursor of retinoic acid and a transcriptional regulator per se The mammalian embryo obtains beta-carotene from the maternal circulation.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	37-67
27402843-3	2016	beta-Carotene can also be cleaved by beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to form beta-apo-10"-carotenal, a precursor of retinoic acid and a transcriptional regulator per se The mammalian embryo obtains beta-carotene from the maternal circulation.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
27402843-3	2016	beta-Carotene can also be cleaved by beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to form beta-apo-10"-carotenal, a precursor of retinoic acid and a transcriptional regulator per se The mammalian embryo obtains beta-carotene from the maternal circulation.	beta Carotene	37-50	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
27402843-6	2016	Here we show that beta-carotene availability regulates transcription and activity of placental microsomal triglyceride transfer protein as well as expression of placental apolipoprotein B, two key players in lipoprotein biosynthesis.	beta Carotene	18-31	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	171-187
27006216-1	2016	The goal of this study was to prepare and characterize alpha-lactalbumin (ALA)-catechin conjugates as a novel emulsifier in improving the retention of beta-carotene (BC) in nanoemulsions via a free radical method.	beta Carotene	151-164	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	55-72
27006216-1	2016	The goal of this study was to prepare and characterize alpha-lactalbumin (ALA)-catechin conjugates as a novel emulsifier in improving the retention of beta-carotene (BC) in nanoemulsions via a free radical method.	beta Carotene	166-168	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	55-72
27006216-6	2016	BC retention stabilized with ALA-catechin conjugates was appreciably greater than ALA (control), which was attributed to the increase of ALA"s radicals-scavenging and free metal ion binding ability after grafting with catechin.	beta Carotene	0-2	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
26209256-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food intake in patients with T2DM for 6 weeks had favorable effects on insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, NO and GSH levels.	beta Carotene	13-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
27405473-6	2016	While CCD1 homoeologs cleaved beta-apo-8"-carotenal, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin into apocarotenoid products, CCD4 homoeologs were inactive towards these substrates in in vitro assays.	beta Carotene	53-66	calcium-binding protein PBP1	Triticum aestivum	6-10
27399620-0	2016	Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin Protects beta-Carotene against Oxidative Degradation.	beta Carotene	41-54	albumin	Homo sapiens	18-31
27399620-1	2016	Binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to protect beta-carotene (beta-Car) dissolved in air-saturated phosphate buffer solution/tetrahydrofuran (9:1, v/v) efficiently against photobleaching resulting from laser flash excitation at 532 nm.	beta Carotene	59-72	albumin	Homo sapiens	18-31
27399620-1	2016	Binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to protect beta-carotene (beta-Car) dissolved in air-saturated phosphate buffer solution/tetrahydrofuran (9:1, v/v) efficiently against photobleaching resulting from laser flash excitation at 532 nm.	beta Carotene	74-82	albumin	Homo sapiens	18-31
27405473-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The CCD1/4 enzyme activity and the spatial-temporal gene expression data provide critical insights into the specific carotenoid metabolic gene homoeologs that control beta-carotene accumulation in wheat grain endosperm, thus establishing the knowledge base for generation of wheat varieties with enhanced beta-carotene in the endosperm through breeding and genome editing approaches.	beta Carotene	180-193	calcium-binding protein PBP1	Triticum aestivum	17-21
27093900-5	2016	beta-Carotene was inversely related to leptin (T1,T2,T4) and SAT (T1,T3,T4).	beta Carotene	0-13	leptin	Homo sapiens	39-45
27143479-1	2016	Provitamin A carotenoids are oxidatively cleaved by beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) at the central 15-15" double bond to form retinal (vitamin A aldehyde).	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	52-84
27040933-0	2016	Dietary beta-carotene and lutein metabolism is modulated by the APOE genotype.	beta Carotene	8-21	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	64-68
27143479-1	2016	Provitamin A carotenoids are oxidatively cleaved by beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (BCO1) at the central 15-15" double bond to form retinal (vitamin A aldehyde).	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	86-90
27143479-6	2016	Like BCO1, purified recombinant chicken BCO2 catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the provitamin A carotenoids beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin.	beta Carotene	110-123	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	5-9
27143479-6	2016	Like BCO1, purified recombinant chicken BCO2 catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the provitamin A carotenoids beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin.	beta Carotene	110-123	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Gallus gallus	40-44
27143479-7	2016	Its catalytic activity with beta-carotene as substrate is at least 10-fold lower than that of BCO1.	beta Carotene	28-41	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	94-98
27393426-0	2016	Nephroprotective effects of b-carotene on ACE gene expression, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in thioacetamide induced renal toxicity in rats.	beta Carotene	28-38	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
26893492-2	2016	One of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	125-138	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	72-76
27393426-3	2016	This study was designed to evaluate the effects of beta-carotene on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression, oxidative stress and antioxidant status in thioacetamide induced renal toxicity.	beta Carotene	51-64	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
27393426-5	2016	The expression of ACE gene in thioacetamide induced renal toxicity in rats as well as supplemented with beta-carotene was investigated and compared their level with control groups by using the quantitative RT-PCR method.	beta Carotene	104-117	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
27393426-7	2016	The quantity of ACE gene were diminish in our rats who received beta-Carotene after TAA is administered, for this reason they seemed to be defended against increased ACE levels in kidney bought by TAA.	beta Carotene	64-77	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
27393426-7	2016	The quantity of ACE gene were diminish in our rats who received beta-Carotene after TAA is administered, for this reason they seemed to be defended against increased ACE levels in kidney bought by TAA.	beta Carotene	64-77	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
27393426-9	2016	Experimental confirmation from our study illustrates that beta-Carotene can certainly work as a successful radical-trapping antioxidant our results proved that TAA injury increased lipid peroxidation and diminish antioxidant GSH, SOD and CAT in renal tissue.	beta Carotene	58-71	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	238-241
27283141-6	2016	beta-Carotene level increased the risk of ER+ or ER+/PR+ breast cancer.	beta Carotene	0-13	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	42-44
27283141-6	2016	beta-Carotene level increased the risk of ER+ or ER+/PR+ breast cancer.	beta Carotene	0-13	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	49-51
27283141-6	2016	beta-Carotene level increased the risk of ER+ or ER+/PR+ breast cancer.	beta Carotene	0-13	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	53-55
27283141-7	2016	alpha-Carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene showed a protective effect on ER-/PR+ or ER-/PR- breast cancer.	beta Carotene	16-29	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	93-95
27283141-7	2016	alpha-Carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene showed a protective effect on ER-/PR+ or ER-/PR- breast cancer.	beta Carotene	16-29	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	97-99
27283141-7	2016	alpha-Carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene showed a protective effect on ER-/PR+ or ER-/PR- breast cancer.	beta Carotene	16-29	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	104-106
27283141-7	2016	alpha-Carotene, beta-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene showed a protective effect on ER-/PR+ or ER-/PR- breast cancer.	beta Carotene	16-29	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	108-110
26174000-7	2016	The results showed that beta-LGAA was associated with lower levels of atherogenic and thrombogenic indices and higher concentration of C22:5 n-6, phospholipids and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	164-177	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	24-33
27313849-5	2016	IGF-1 concentrations were significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin in men and women.	beta Carotene	101-114	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
26969385-0	2016	beta-carotene reverses multidrug resistant cancer cells by selectively modulating human P-glycoprotein function.	beta Carotene	0-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	88-102
26969385-6	2016	The underlying molecular mechanisms and inhibitory kinetics of beta-carotene on the major ABC efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein, were further investigated.	beta Carotene	63-76	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	114-128
26969385-8	2016	The cytotoxicity of beta-carotene was evaluated by MTT assay in the established cell lines, sensitive cancer cell lines (HeLaS3 and NCI-H460) and resistant cancer cell lines (KB-vin and NCI-H460/MX20).	beta Carotene	20-33	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1191	Homo sapiens	178-181
26969385-11	2016	Further interaction kinetics between beta-carotene and P-gp were analyzed by rhodamine123 and doxorubicin efflux assay.	beta Carotene	37-50	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	55-59
26969385-12	2016	The influence of beta-carotene on ATPase activity was evaluated by Pgp-Glo(TM) Assay System.	beta Carotene	17-30	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	67-70
26969385-13	2016	RESULTS: Among the tested ABC efflux transporters, beta-carotene significantly inhibited human P-gp efflux function without altering ABCB1 mRNA expression.	beta Carotene	51-64	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	95-99
26969385-14	2016	Furthermore, beta-carotene stimulated both P-gp basal ATPase activity and the verapamil-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity.	beta Carotene	13-26	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	43-47
26969385-14	2016	Furthermore, beta-carotene stimulated both P-gp basal ATPase activity and the verapamil-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity.	beta Carotene	13-26	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	99-103
26969385-15	2016	In addition, beta-carotene exerted partially inhibitory effect on BCRP efflux function.	beta Carotene	13-26	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-70
26969385-16	2016	The combination of beta-carotene and chemotherapeutic agents significantly potentiated their cytotoxicity in both cell stably expressed human P-gp (ABCB1/Flp-In(TM)-293) and MDR cancer cells (KB-vin and NCI-H460/MX20).	beta Carotene	19-32	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	142-146
26969385-16	2016	The combination of beta-carotene and chemotherapeutic agents significantly potentiated their cytotoxicity in both cell stably expressed human P-gp (ABCB1/Flp-In(TM)-293) and MDR cancer cells (KB-vin and NCI-H460/MX20).	beta Carotene	19-32	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
26969385-16	2016	The combination of beta-carotene and chemotherapeutic agents significantly potentiated their cytotoxicity in both cell stably expressed human P-gp (ABCB1/Flp-In(TM)-293) and MDR cancer cells (KB-vin and NCI-H460/MX20).	beta Carotene	19-32	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1191	Homo sapiens	195-198
27313849-7	2016	The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in men and with beta-carotene in women.	beta Carotene	109-122	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
27313849-7	2016	The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in men and with beta-carotene in women.	beta Carotene	109-122	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	10-17
27313849-7	2016	The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in men and with beta-carotene in women.	beta Carotene	158-171	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
27313849-7	2016	The IGF-1:IGFBP-3 molar ratio was significantly positively associated with serum concentrations of lycopene, beta-carotene and alpha-carotene in men and with beta-carotene in women.	beta Carotene	158-171	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	10-17
26585352-8	2016	SNPs rs25489 in XRCC1, rs699473 in SOD3 and rs1052133 in OGG1 modified these associations for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lycopene, respectively (P &lt;= 0.05).	beta Carotene	110-123	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
25869180-9	2016	In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with beta-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV.	beta Carotene	75-88	zinc finger protein 618	Homo sapiens	22-28
25869180-9	2016	In women, rs10817542 (ZNF618) and rs719856 (CD2AP) had an interaction with beta-carotene and folate intake and rs5443 (GNB3) had an interaction with vitamin E intake on baPWV.	beta Carotene	75-88	CD2 associated protein	Homo sapiens	44-49
26733226-0	2016	beta-Carotene Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines via the Cav-1/AKT/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
26733226-0	2016	beta-Carotene Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines via the Cav-1/AKT/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.	beta Carotene	0-13	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
26733226-4	2016	In our study, beta-carotene inhibited the growth of ESCC cells and downregulated expression of the Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein.	beta Carotene	14-27	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	99-109
26733226-4	2016	In our study, beta-carotene inhibited the growth of ESCC cells and downregulated expression of the Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein.	beta Carotene	14-27	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
26733226-7	2016	To explore the mechanism involved in these processes, we further examined the effect of beta-carotene on the Cav-1-mediated AKT/NF-kappaB pathway.	beta Carotene	88-101	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
26733226-7	2016	To explore the mechanism involved in these processes, we further examined the effect of beta-carotene on the Cav-1-mediated AKT/NF-kappaB pathway.	beta Carotene	88-101	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
26585352-8	2016	SNPs rs25489 in XRCC1, rs699473 in SOD3 and rs1052133 in OGG1 modified these associations for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lycopene, respectively (P &lt;= 0.05).	beta Carotene	110-123	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
26585352-8	2016	SNPs rs25489 in XRCC1, rs699473 in SOD3 and rs1052133 in OGG1 modified these associations for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lycopene, respectively (P &lt;= 0.05).	beta Carotene	110-123	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	57-61
26577021-0	2016	Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits intestinal beta-carotene absorption by downregulation of lipid transporter expression via PPAR-alpha dependent mechanism.	beta Carotene	42-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	121-131
26482064-10	2016	Stratified analysis by menopausal status and oestrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) showed that serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin were inversely associated with breast cancer risk among premenopausal women and among all subtypes of ER or PR status.	beta Carotene	130-143	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	69-90
26820672-9	2016	The levels of BDNF, pERK, and ER-beta were significantly increased in the SSP- and beta-carotene-administered groups compared with the control group.	beta Carotene	83-96	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	14-18
26820672-9	2016	The levels of BDNF, pERK, and ER-beta were significantly increased in the SSP- and beta-carotene-administered groups compared with the control group.	beta Carotene	83-96	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	20-24
26820672-9	2016	The levels of BDNF, pERK, and ER-beta were significantly increased in the SSP- and beta-carotene-administered groups compared with the control group.	beta Carotene	83-96	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	30-37
26820672-10	2016	In addition, the groups treated with SSP and beta-carotene showed significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 compared with the control group.	beta Carotene	45-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-125
26820672-10	2016	In addition, the groups treated with SSP and beta-carotene showed significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 compared with the control group.	beta Carotene	45-58	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-143
26848958-0	2016	Correction: Lycopene and Beta-Carotene Induce Growth Inhibition and Proapoptotic Effects on ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma Cells.	beta Carotene	25-38	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	92-96
26577021-4	2016	beta-carotene uptake in Caco-2/TC7 cells was inhibited by EPA (p &lt; 0.01) and PPARalpha agonist (P &lt; 0.01), but not by DHA, PPARgamma or PPARdelta agonists.	beta Carotene	0-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89
26577021-4	2016	beta-carotene uptake in Caco-2/TC7 cells was inhibited by EPA (p &lt; 0.01) and PPARalpha agonist (P &lt; 0.01), but not by DHA, PPARgamma or PPARdelta agonists.	beta Carotene	0-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	142-151
26577021-7	2016	Interestingly, EPA induced inhibition of beta-carotene uptake and SR B1 expression were abrogated by specific PPARalpha antagonist, but not by PPARdelta antagonist.	beta Carotene	41-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-119
26577021-8	2016	EPA and PPARalpha agonist also inhibited the basolateral secretion of beta-carotene from Caco-2 cells grown on permeable supports.	beta Carotene	70-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	8-17
26577021-9	2016	These results suggest that EPA inhibits intestinal beta-carotene absorption by down regulation of SR B1 expression via PPARalpha dependent mechanism and provide an evidence for dietary modulation of intestinal beta-carotene absorption.	beta Carotene	51-64	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
26361975-5	2015	Interaction of three carotenoids, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin with two proteins: bovine serum albumin and glutathione S-transferase (GST) was investigated with application of molecular spectroscopy techniques: UV-Vis absorption, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).	beta Carotene	34-47	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
26630500-6	2016	Coexposure of HepG2 cells to physiological concentrations of some micronutrients, like beta-carotene (10 muM) or ascorbic acid (0.1 mM), along with Pb (1 mg/L) for 24 h significantly reduced the levels of ROS production and recovered AhR mRNA expression into the normal levels.	beta Carotene	87-100	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	234-237
26670291-9	2015	In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	72-85	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1	Mus musculus	13-18
26670291-9	2015	In addition, PAI-1, tPA and uPA expressions were markedly controlled by beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	72-85	proline-rich acidic protein 1	Mus musculus	28-31
26516892-7	2015	We observed significant main effects of beta-carotene on the enhanced expression of Runx2, ALP, and ostepontin mRNA, whereas there was a significant main effect of soy isoflavones on the expression of osterix mRNA.	beta Carotene	40-53	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	84-89
26516892-9	2015	Osteopontin and ALP mRNA expression levels, which were increased following treatment with beta-carotene, were significantly suppressed by the RAR pan-antagonist.	beta Carotene	90-103	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	0-11
25857664-3	2016	We generated transgenic plants expressing the maize phytoene synthase gene (ZmPSY1) and the bacterial phytoene desaturase gene (PaCRTI), which are sufficient to produce beta-carotene in the presence of endogenous lycopene beta-cyclase.	beta Carotene	169-182	phytoene synthase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	76-82
26165176-8	2015	Percent increase in alpha-tocopherol and trans-beta-carotene levels from baseline to month 3 were associated with lower PSA levels at 3 and 6 months.	beta Carotene	41-60	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	120-123
26179622-5	2015	When ZWF1 was overexpressed (Sc-EYBIZH+I), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity increased by 103-fold, the transcription level of crtE and crtI increased significantly, the lycopene and beta-carotene yield increased to 2 29 +- 0 06 and 0 38 +- 0 02 mg l(-1) respectively.	beta Carotene	192-205	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
26179622-11	2015	When ZWF1 and POS5 were overexpressed in a carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae strain individually, the total yield of lycopene and beta-carotene increased by 59 9% and 81 4%, respectively, and the final product beta-carotene yield increased by 18 8% and 65 6% respectively.	beta Carotene	131-144	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
26257333-0	2015	Biochemical characterization and selective inhibition of beta-carotene cis-trans isomerase D27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD8 on the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway.	beta Carotene	57-70	beta-carotene isomerase D27-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-94
26179622-6	2015	When POS5 was overexpressed (Sc-EYBIPH+I), NAD kinase activity increased by 5 5-fold, the transcription level of crtE, crtYB and crtI increased obviously, the lycopene and beta-carotene yield increased to 2 50 +- 0 11 and 0 53 +- 0 03 mg l(-1) respectively.	beta Carotene	172-185	NADH kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
26179622-11	2015	When ZWF1 and POS5 were overexpressed in a carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae strain individually, the total yield of lycopene and beta-carotene increased by 59 9% and 81 4%, respectively, and the final product beta-carotene yield increased by 18 8% and 65 6% respectively.	beta Carotene	131-144	NADH kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-18
26179622-11	2015	When ZWF1 and POS5 were overexpressed in a carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae strain individually, the total yield of lycopene and beta-carotene increased by 59 9% and 81 4%, respectively, and the final product beta-carotene yield increased by 18 8% and 65 6% respectively.	beta Carotene	211-224	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
25981694-6	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determining cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic indices (increases in cytochrome c and Bax, decrease in Bcl-2), ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, Ku70/80 levels, and Ku-DNA-binding activity of the cells treated with or without antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	55-68	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	197-209
26179622-11	2015	When ZWF1 and POS5 were overexpressed in a carotenoid-producing S. cerevisiae strain individually, the total yield of lycopene and beta-carotene increased by 59 9% and 81 4%, respectively, and the final product beta-carotene yield increased by 18 8% and 65 6% respectively.	beta Carotene	211-224	NADH kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-18
26225824-10	2015	Myocardial HO-1 content was significantly elevated dose-responsively to both BC dosage.	beta Carotene	77-79	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
25981694-6	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determining cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic indices (increases in cytochrome c and Bax, decrease in Bcl-2), ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, Ku70/80 levels, and Ku-DNA-binding activity of the cells treated with or without antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	55-68	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	231-236
26717749-2	2015	In-situ high pressure Raman spectra of beta-carotene are measured in CS2 solution and water respectively at pressure range from 0-0.60 GPa.	beta Carotene	39-52	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
25981694-6	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determining cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic indices (increases in cytochrome c and Bax, decrease in Bcl-2), ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, Ku70/80 levels, and Ku-DNA-binding activity of the cells treated with or without antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	55-68	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	285-294
26717749-9	2015	Moreover, due to dissolving in non-polar CS2 solvent, the beta-carotene encounters the interaction of the surrounding solvent molecules.	beta Carotene	58-71	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	41-44
25981694-6	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determining cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic indices (increases in cytochrome c and Bax, decrease in Bcl-2), ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, Ku70/80 levels, and Ku-DNA-binding activity of the cells treated with or without antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	55-68	X-ray repair cross complementing 6	Homo sapiens	305-309
25981694-6	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of beta-carotene-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer AGS cells by determining cell viability, DNA fragmentation, apoptotic indices (increases in cytochrome c and Bax, decrease in Bcl-2), ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activity, Ku70/80 levels, and Ku-DNA-binding activity of the cells treated with or without antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	55-68	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	420-429
25981694-7	2015	As a result, beta-carotene induced apoptosis (decrease in cell viability, increases in DNA fragmentation and apoptotic indices) and caspase-3 activation, but decreased Ku70/80 levels and Ku-DNA-binding activity.	beta Carotene	13-26	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	132-141
25981694-7	2015	As a result, beta-carotene induced apoptosis (decrease in cell viability, increases in DNA fragmentation and apoptotic indices) and caspase-3 activation, but decreased Ku70/80 levels and Ku-DNA-binding activity.	beta Carotene	13-26	X-ray repair cross complementing 6	Homo sapiens	168-172
25981694-8	2015	beta-Carotene-induced alterations (increase in caspase-3 activity, decrease in Ku proteins) and apoptosis were inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine and z-DEVED-fmk.	beta Carotene	0-13	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	47-56
25981694-10	2015	Therefore, beta-carotene-induced increases in ROS and caspase-3 activity may lead to reduction of Ku70/80 levels, which results in apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.	beta Carotene	11-24	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	54-63
25981694-10	2015	Therefore, beta-carotene-induced increases in ROS and caspase-3 activity may lead to reduction of Ku70/80 levels, which results in apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.	beta Carotene	11-24	X-ray repair cross complementing 6	Homo sapiens	98-102
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	0-12	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	42-66
26262693-4	2015	It also has an exceptionally high content of vitamin B12, is a good source of beta-carotene, iron, calcium and phosphorous.	beta Carotene	78-91	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	53-56
25074825-7	2015	RESULTS: The results indicated that beta-CAR treatment ameliorated the severity of UC by modulating various molecular targets such as nuclear factor-kappa B, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin 17, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and connective tissue growth factor.	beta Carotene	36-44	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	158-174
26059371-0	2015	Associations of serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations with insulin resistance: the Toon Health Study.	beta Carotene	22-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
26059371-2	2015	The aim of this study was to examine the associations of serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations with glucose and insulin concentrations.	beta Carotene	63-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
26059371-10	2015	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that higher serum beta-carotene levels, associated with higher intake of green and yellow vegetables, confer beneficial effects against insulin resistance.	beta Carotene	51-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
25701869-4	2015	The BCO1 gene encodes an enzyme that is expressed in the intestine and converts provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A-aldehyde.	beta Carotene	80-92	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
25701869-7	2015	In this process, conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A by BCO1 induces via retinoid signaling the expression of the intestinal homeobox transcription factor ISX.	beta Carotene	31-44	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
25701869-7	2015	In this process, conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A by BCO1 induces via retinoid signaling the expression of the intestinal homeobox transcription factor ISX.	beta Carotene	31-44	intestine specific homeobox	Homo sapiens	160-163
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	0-12	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	68-72
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	78-105
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	0-12	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	107-113
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	14-19	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	42-66
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	14-19	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	68-72
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	14-19	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	78-105
25690716-3	2015	Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and beta-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT"s maize breeding program.	beta Carotene	14-19	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	107-113
25690716-8	2015	SNPs at or near all of these regions were identified and may be useful target regions for carotenoid biofortification breeding efforts in maize; for example a genomic region on chromosome 2 explained ~16% of the phenotypic variance for beta-carotene independently of CRTRB1, and a variant of CCD1 that resulted in reduced beta-cryptoxanthin degradation was found in lines that have previously been observed to have low proVA degradation rates.	beta Carotene	236-249	white cap1	Zea mays	292-296
25575786-0	2015	Cellular localization of beta-carotene 15,15" oxygenase-1 (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10" oxygenase-2 (BCO2) in rat liver and intestine.	beta Carotene	25-38	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
25927580-6	2015	Moreover, beta-carotene has been reported to suppress the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in a dose dependent manner and to suppress UVA-induced HO-1 gene expression in cultured FEK4.	beta Carotene	10-23	heme oxygenase 1	Solanum lycopersicum	75-91
25927580-6	2015	Moreover, beta-carotene has been reported to suppress the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in a dose dependent manner and to suppress UVA-induced HO-1 gene expression in cultured FEK4.	beta Carotene	10-23	heme oxygenase 1	Solanum lycopersicum	163-167
25575786-5	2015	beta-Carotene 15,15" oxygenase-1 (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10" oxygenase-2 (BCO2) are the two known carotenoid cleavage enzymes in humans.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
25575786-5	2015	beta-Carotene 15,15" oxygenase-1 (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10" oxygenase-2 (BCO2) are the two known carotenoid cleavage enzymes in humans.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
25575786-5	2015	beta-Carotene 15,15" oxygenase-1 (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10" oxygenase-2 (BCO2) are the two known carotenoid cleavage enzymes in humans.	beta Carotene	44-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
25579881-5	2015	Cameo2 and SCRB15 belong to the cluster determinant 36 (CD36) family, with Cameo2 exhibiting specificity not only for lutein, but also for zeaxanthin and astaxanthin, while SCRB15 seems to have specificity toward carotene substrates such as alpha-carotene and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	260-273	scavenger receptor class B member 4	Bombyx mori	0-6
25579881-5	2015	Cameo2 and SCRB15 belong to the cluster determinant 36 (CD36) family, with Cameo2 exhibiting specificity not only for lutein, but also for zeaxanthin and astaxanthin, while SCRB15 seems to have specificity toward carotene substrates such as alpha-carotene and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	260-273	lysosome membrane protein 2-like	Bombyx mori	11-17
25579881-6	2015	These findings suggest that Cameo2 and SCRB15 can discriminate the chemical structure of lutein and beta-carotene from circulating lipophorin during uptake.	beta Carotene	100-113	scavenger receptor class B member 4	Bombyx mori	28-34
25579881-6	2015	These findings suggest that Cameo2 and SCRB15 can discriminate the chemical structure of lutein and beta-carotene from circulating lipophorin during uptake.	beta Carotene	100-113	lysosome membrane protein 2-like	Bombyx mori	39-45
25466060-4	2015	The least degradation of beta-carotene occurred in the emulsion stabilised with the alpha-La-EGCG covalent complex when stored at 25  C. These results implied that protein-polyphenol covalent complexes were able to enhance the physical stability of beta-carotene emulsion and inhibit the degradation of beta-carotene in oil-in-water emulsion, and the effect was influenced by the types of the phenolic compounds.	beta Carotene	25-38	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	84-92
25466060-0	2015	Physicochemical characterisation of beta-carotene emulsion stabilised by covalent complexes of alpha-lactalbumin with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate or chlorogenic acid.	beta Carotene	36-49	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	95-112
25602705-1	2015	In mammals, beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves beta-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues.	beta Carotene	12-25	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	44-48
25466060-4	2015	The least degradation of beta-carotene occurred in the emulsion stabilised with the alpha-La-EGCG covalent complex when stored at 25  C. These results implied that protein-polyphenol covalent complexes were able to enhance the physical stability of beta-carotene emulsion and inhibit the degradation of beta-carotene in oil-in-water emulsion, and the effect was influenced by the types of the phenolic compounds.	beta Carotene	249-262	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	84-92
25466060-4	2015	The least degradation of beta-carotene occurred in the emulsion stabilised with the alpha-La-EGCG covalent complex when stored at 25  C. These results implied that protein-polyphenol covalent complexes were able to enhance the physical stability of beta-carotene emulsion and inhibit the degradation of beta-carotene in oil-in-water emulsion, and the effect was influenced by the types of the phenolic compounds.	beta Carotene	249-262	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	84-92
25687103-8	2015	Finally, the introduction of the mutant crp gene (mcrp26) increased beta-carotene production in E. coli.	beta Carotene	68-81	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	40-43
24906472-0	2015	Independent positive association of plasma beta-carotene concentrations with adiponectin among non-diabetic obese subjects.	beta Carotene	43-56	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	77-88
24906472-7	2015	Interestingly, we identified a positive association between concentrations of beta-carotene and adiponectin in plasma that was independent of sex, age, smoking status, BMI and waist circumference.	beta Carotene	78-91	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	96-107
24906472-9	2015	CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of a favourable effect of beta-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals that could involve a positive regulation of adiponectin, either directly or via its pro-vitamin A activity.	beta Carotene	74-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
24906472-9	2015	CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of a favourable effect of beta-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals that could involve a positive regulation of adiponectin, either directly or via its pro-vitamin A activity.	beta Carotene	74-87	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	176-187
24906472-10	2015	The demonstration of the potential benefits of beta-carotene towards insulin sensitivity would open the way to dietary strategies to prevent metabolic syndrome.	beta Carotene	47-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
25260612-8	2014	beta-Carotene administration to matched Bco1(-/-) and wild-type mice elevated total beta-apo-carotenal levels in the heart, liver, and plasma and total beta-apo-carotenoic acid levels in the liver.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	40-44
25344780-0	2015	Decidual beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase-1 and 2 (BCMO1,2) expression is increased in nitrofen model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.	beta Carotene	9-22	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
25344780-2	2015	Beta-carotene(BC) is the main dietary retinoid source and beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase-1 and 2 (Bcmo1,2) is the primary enzyme generating retinoid from BC in adult mammalian tissues.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
25344780-2	2015	Beta-carotene(BC) is the main dietary retinoid source and beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase-1 and 2 (Bcmo1,2) is the primary enzyme generating retinoid from BC in adult mammalian tissues.	beta Carotene	58-71	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
25781018-0	2015	Correction: development of beta-carotene rich maize hybrids through marker-assisted introgression of beta-carotene hydroxylase allele.	beta Carotene	27-40	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	101-126
25699067-6	2015	In ch1, oxidized derivatives of beta-carotene, such as beta-cyclocitral and dihydroactinidiolide, have been identified as important upstream messengers in the (1)O2 signaling pathway that leads to stress acclimation.	beta Carotene	32-45	Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	3-6
25398638-7	2015	beta-Carotene significantly reduced IL8 (1,306.2-253.75 pg/ml), decreased light and heavy ferritin by 77.8 and 45.8%, respectively, and increased ferroportin by 59.9% (P &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	0-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	36-39
25398638-11	2015	beta-Carotene normalized the main iron-related proteins" levels, reduced IL8 production, and released intracellular trapped iron.	beta Carotene	0-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	73-76
26875490-7	2015	Dietary beta-carotene increased the mRNA level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) as its splicing variant Igf-1ea, but had no influence on the liver Igf-1 mRNA level or serum IGF-1 level.	beta Carotene	8-21	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	50-78
26875490-7	2015	Dietary beta-carotene increased the mRNA level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) as its splicing variant Igf-1ea, but had no influence on the liver Igf-1 mRNA level or serum IGF-1 level.	beta Carotene	8-21	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	80-85
26875490-7	2015	Dietary beta-carotene increased the mRNA level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) as its splicing variant Igf-1ea, but had no influence on the liver Igf-1 mRNA level or serum IGF-1 level.	beta Carotene	8-21	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	111-116
26875490-10	2015	These results indicate that in mice, administration of beta-carotene increases mass and induces functional hypertrophy in the soleus muscle, perhaps by promoting IGF-1-mediated protein synthesis and by reducing ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.	beta Carotene	55-68	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	162-167
25445224-2	2014	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates.	beta Carotene	96-109	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-36
25445224-2	2014	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates.	beta Carotene	96-109	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
25419806-6	2014	RESULTS: In vitro, all-trans retinoic acid and fully oxidized beta-carotene induced cell-selective, caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in neutrophils, which subsequently enhanced efferocytosis in macrophages.	beta Carotene	62-75	caspase 3	Bos taurus	100-109
25315426-7	2014	We observed a remarkable decrease in the size of spleen in alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene-treated Apoe(-/-) mice as compared with Ang II-treated animals.	beta Carotene	80-93	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	102-106
25486271-0	2014	Development of beta-carotene rich maize hybrids through marker-assisted introgression of beta-carotene hydroxylase allele.	beta Carotene	15-28	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	89-114
25486271-3	2014	A favourable allele (543 bp) of the beta-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene was introgressed in the seven elite inbred parents, which were low (1.4 microg/g) in kernel beta-carotene, by using a crtRB1-specific DNA marker for foreground selection.	beta Carotene	36-49	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	63-69
25486271-3	2014	A favourable allele (543 bp) of the beta-carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene was introgressed in the seven elite inbred parents, which were low (1.4 microg/g) in kernel beta-carotene, by using a crtRB1-specific DNA marker for foreground selection.	beta Carotene	36-49	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	194-200
25486271-5	2014	Concentration of beta-carotene among the crtRB1-introgressed inbreds varied from 8.6 to 17.5 microg/g - a maximum increase up to 12.6-fold over recurrent parent.	beta Carotene	17-30	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	41-47
25164272-5	2014	Both BC and RE supplementation increased retinoic acid mediated transcriptional responses in intestine (on Isx and Bco1) and the liver (on Cyp26a1 and Cpt1a).	beta Carotene	5-7	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
25324544-2	2014	We have previously demonstrated that beta-apo-13-carotenone, an eccentric cleavage product of beta-carotene, antagonizes the activation of RXRalpha by 9cRA in mammalian cells overexpressing this receptor.	beta Carotene	94-107	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	139-147
25164272-5	2014	Both BC and RE supplementation increased retinoic acid mediated transcriptional responses in intestine (on Isx and Bco1) and the liver (on Cyp26a1 and Cpt1a).	beta Carotene	5-7	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-146
25164272-5	2014	Both BC and RE supplementation increased retinoic acid mediated transcriptional responses in intestine (on Isx and Bco1) and the liver (on Cyp26a1 and Cpt1a).	beta Carotene	5-7	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
25002123-2	2014	Vitamin A is produced from dietary carotenoids such as beta-carotene by centric cleavage via the enzyme BCO1.	beta Carotene	55-68	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
25002123-4	2014	While BCO1 cleaves provitamin A carotenoids, BCO2 is more promiscuous and also metabolizes nonprovitamin A carotenoids such as zeaxanthin into long-chain apo-carotenoids.	beta Carotene	19-31	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
26480318-11	2014	However, higher concentrations of beta-carotene and total carotenoids were detected in the milk of cows at 70-164 days of lactation, compared to &lt;70 days of lactation (p &lt; 0.05).	beta Carotene	34-47	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	91-95
24642187-0	2014	Nutrigenetics of carotenoid metabolism in the chicken: a polymorphism at the beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-mono-oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) locus affects the response to dietary beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	82-95	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	121-126
24744306-11	2014	Serum beta-carotene significantly moderated the associations between dietary beta-carotene and CRP (P-interaction &lt; 0.05), and quartile 4 of dietary beta-carotene was associated with lower CRP concentrations only among participants with serum beta-carotene &gt; 0.43 mumol/L.	beta Carotene	6-19	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	77-98
24744306-11	2014	Serum beta-carotene significantly moderated the associations between dietary beta-carotene and CRP (P-interaction &lt; 0.05), and quartile 4 of dietary beta-carotene was associated with lower CRP concentrations only among participants with serum beta-carotene &gt; 0.43 mumol/L.	beta Carotene	6-19	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	95-98
24744306-11	2014	Serum beta-carotene significantly moderated the associations between dietary beta-carotene and CRP (P-interaction &lt; 0.05), and quartile 4 of dietary beta-carotene was associated with lower CRP concentrations only among participants with serum beta-carotene &gt; 0.43 mumol/L.	beta Carotene	77-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	95-98
24744306-11	2014	Serum beta-carotene significantly moderated the associations between dietary beta-carotene and CRP (P-interaction &lt; 0.05), and quartile 4 of dietary beta-carotene was associated with lower CRP concentrations only among participants with serum beta-carotene &gt; 0.43 mumol/L.	beta Carotene	77-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	95-98
24744306-13	2014	Serum beta-carotene was also a moderator of the dietary beta-carotene and CRP association.	beta Carotene	6-19	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	74-77
24744306-13	2014	Serum beta-carotene was also a moderator of the dietary beta-carotene and CRP association.	beta Carotene	56-69	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	74-77
24642187-1	2014	The enzyme beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-mono-oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is responsible for the symmetrical cleavage of beta-carotene into retinal.	beta Carotene	16-29	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	55-60
24961717-7	2014	beta-carotene and folate were associated with reduced glucose metabolism for women, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) carriers and participants with positive AD family history, but not for their risk-free counterparts.	beta Carotene	0-13	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	84-110
24642187-6	2014	In both genotypes, dietary beta-carotene increased vitamin A storage in the liver; however, it reduced numerous parameters such as SCARB1 (scavenger receptor class B type I) in the duodenum, BCMO1 in the liver, vitamin E levels in the plasma and tissues, xanthophyll contents in the pectoralis major muscle and carcass adiposity.	beta Carotene	27-40	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Gallus gallus	131-137
24642187-6	2014	In both genotypes, dietary beta-carotene increased vitamin A storage in the liver; however, it reduced numerous parameters such as SCARB1 (scavenger receptor class B type I) in the duodenum, BCMO1 in the liver, vitamin E levels in the plasma and tissues, xanthophyll contents in the pectoralis major muscle and carcass adiposity.	beta Carotene	27-40	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	191-196
24642187-8	2014	In the GG genotype, dietary beta-carotene increased ISX (intestine-specific homeobox) and decreased BCMO1 mRNA levels in the duodenum, decreased xanthophyll concentrations in the duodenum, liver and plasma, and decreased colour index and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the plasma.	beta Carotene	28-41	intestine specific homeobox	Gallus gallus	52-55
24642187-8	2014	In the GG genotype, dietary beta-carotene increased ISX (intestine-specific homeobox) and decreased BCMO1 mRNA levels in the duodenum, decreased xanthophyll concentrations in the duodenum, liver and plasma, and decreased colour index and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the plasma.	beta Carotene	28-41	intestine specific homeobox	Gallus gallus	57-84
24642187-8	2014	In the GG genotype, dietary beta-carotene increased ISX (intestine-specific homeobox) and decreased BCMO1 mRNA levels in the duodenum, decreased xanthophyll concentrations in the duodenum, liver and plasma, and decreased colour index and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the plasma.	beta Carotene	28-41	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	100-105
24642187-10	2014	Therefore, the negative feedback control on beta-carotene conversion through ISX appears as functional in the duodenum of GG but not of AA chickens.	beta Carotene	44-57	intestine specific homeobox	Gallus gallus	77-80
24857546-0	2014	beta-lactoglobulin as a vector for beta-carotene food fortification.	beta Carotene	35-48	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-18
24857546-3	2014	In vivo experiments were conducted by force-feeding mice with retinol or beta-carotene associated with either beta-Lg or oil-in-water emulsion, with subsequent determination of both vitamin A intestinal mucosa and plasma contents.	beta Carotene	73-86	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	110-117
24857546-5	2014	We showed that beta-Lg was as efficient as emulsion to promote beta-carotene, but not retinol, absorption in mice.	beta Carotene	63-76	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	15-22
24857546-7	2014	Interestingly, an inhibitor of the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I significantly decreased the uptake of micellar beta-carotene but not that of beta-carotene bound to beta-Lg.	beta Carotene	116-129	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	35-68
24857546-8	2014	Overall, we showed that beta-Lg would be a good vector for beta-carotene food fortification.	beta Carotene	59-72	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	24-31
24961717-7	2014	beta-carotene and folate were associated with reduced glucose metabolism for women, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) carriers and participants with positive AD family history, but not for their risk-free counterparts.	beta Carotene	0-13	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	112-117
24657404-0	2014	Role of Frizzled6 in the molecular mechanism of beta-carotene action in the lung.	beta Carotene	48-61	frizzled class receptor 6	Homo sapiens	8-17
24583166-2	2014	BCMO1 is a key enzyme in vitamin A synthesis by symmetrically cleaving beta-carotene into 2 molecules of all-trans-retinal, while BCO2 is responsible for asymmetric cleavage of a broader range of carotenoids.	beta Carotene	71-84	beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase	Salmo salar	0-5
24657404-5	2014	We previously applied transcriptomic analyses in a unique animal model, beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 knockout (Bcmo1(-/-)) mice that are, like humans, able to accumulate intact BC.	beta Carotene	72-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	119-124
24668641-8	2014	The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GSH increase, whereas a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor did not.	beta Carotene	70-83	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	29-32
24746828-0	2014	beta-Carotene inhibits neuroblastoma cell invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo by decreasing level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha.	beta Carotene	0-13	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	110-141
24746828-6	2014	In addition, the enzymatic activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 was suppressed following beta-carotene treatment under both normoxia and hypoxia.	beta Carotene	112-125	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	54-86
24746828-9	2014	Furthermore, mRNA levels of MMPs, membrane-type (MT) 2 MMP and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in liver tumor tissues were also lower following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	152-165	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	28-32
24746828-9	2014	Furthermore, mRNA levels of MMPs, membrane-type (MT) 2 MMP and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in liver tumor tissues were also lower following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	152-165	matrix metallopeptidase 15	Mus musculus	34-58
24746828-10	2014	Level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), were lower both in vitro and in vivo following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	199-212	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	9-40
24746828-10	2014	Level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), were lower both in vitro and in vivo following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	199-212	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	42-52
24746828-10	2014	Level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), were lower both in vitro and in vivo following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	199-212	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	121-142
24746828-10	2014	Level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), were lower both in vitro and in vivo following beta-carotene treatment.	beta Carotene	199-212	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	144-149
24675567-1	2014	CP43 is a chlorophyll a (Chl a) and beta-carotene (beta-Car) binding protein encoded by psbC gene.	beta Carotene	36-49	PSII 43 kDa protein	Spinacia oleracea	88-92
24675567-1	2014	CP43 is a chlorophyll a (Chl a) and beta-carotene (beta-Car) binding protein encoded by psbC gene.	beta Carotene	51-59	PSII 43 kDa protein	Spinacia oleracea	88-92
24668641-8	2014	The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GSH increase, whereas a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 inhibitor did not.	beta Carotene	70-83	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	169-210
24668641-9	2014	The JNK inhibitor also suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GCL protein expression, and consistently beta-carotene induced JNK phosphorylation.	beta Carotene	38-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	4-7
24668641-9	2014	The JNK inhibitor also suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GCL protein expression, and consistently beta-carotene induced JNK phosphorylation.	beta Carotene	101-114	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	4-7
24668641-9	2014	The JNK inhibitor also suppressed the beta-carotene-induced GCL protein expression, and consistently beta-carotene induced JNK phosphorylation.	beta Carotene	101-114	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	123-126
24295711-4	2014	In this work, recombinant human H-chain ferritin (rHuHF) was prepared and used to encapsulate beta-carotene, a typical compound among carotenoids, by taking advantage of the reversible dissociation and reassembly characteristic of apoferritin in different pH environments.	beta Carotene	94-107	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	231-242
24668807-1	2014	beta-Carotene 15-15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to retinal (vitamin A aldehyde).	beta Carotene	82-94	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
24668807-1	2014	beta-Carotene 15-15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to retinal (vitamin A aldehyde).	beta Carotene	82-94	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
24295711-6	2014	Upon such encapsulation, these beta-carotene-containing apoferritin nanocomposites were water-soluble.	beta Carotene	31-44	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	56-67
24295711-7	2014	Interestingly, the thermal stability of the beta-carotene encapsulated within apoferritin nanocages was markedly improved as compared to free beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	44-57	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	78-89
24295711-7	2014	Interestingly, the thermal stability of the beta-carotene encapsulated within apoferritin nanocages was markedly improved as compared to free beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	142-155	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	78-89
24486304-5	2014	In relation to the hemoglobin oxidation induced by AAPH, beta-carotene and zeaxanthin were the most efficient antioxidants (IC50=2.9 +- 0.3 muM and 2.9 +- 0.1 muM, respectively).	beta Carotene	57-70	latexin	Homo sapiens	140-143
24486304-5	2014	In relation to the hemoglobin oxidation induced by AAPH, beta-carotene and zeaxanthin were the most efficient antioxidants (IC50=2.9 +- 0.3 muM and 2.9 +- 0.1 muM, respectively).	beta Carotene	57-70	latexin	Homo sapiens	159-162
25377123-3	2014	We investigated long-term associations between the antioxidant nutrient (vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene) status and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a population-based cohort.	beta Carotene	102-115	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	128-146
24422504-4	2014	The oxidative stability of BC loaded nanoparticles encapsulated by proteins decreased in the following order: SC &gt; WPI &gt; SPI.	beta Carotene	27-29	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	127-130
24422504-5	2014	The retention rates of BC in nanoparticles were 63.5%, 60.5%, and 41.8% for SC, WPI, and SPI, respectively, after 30 days of storage at 25  C. The BC"s chemical stability was improved by increasing the concentration of protein.	beta Carotene	23-25	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	89-92
24422504-7	2014	The uptake of BC was significantly improved through nanoparticle delivery systems by 2.6-, 3.4-, and 1.7-fold increase, respectively, for SC, WPI, and SPI, as compared to the free BC.	beta Carotene	14-16	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	151-154
23830034-4	2014	Weanling mice were fed rodent feed or 50 mg/kg beta-carotene-supplemented rodent feed for 7, 14 or 21 d. The concentrations of IgA and the numbers of IgA ASC in the jejunum and ileum of mice increased markedly with age, and supplemental beta-carotene increased the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA ASC and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25 and RARgamma in the jejunum after 14 and 21 d of treatment.	beta Carotene	47-60	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25	Mus musculus	353-358
23830034-4	2014	Weanling mice were fed rodent feed or 50 mg/kg beta-carotene-supplemented rodent feed for 7, 14 or 21 d. The concentrations of IgA and the numbers of IgA ASC in the jejunum and ileum of mice increased markedly with age, and supplemental beta-carotene increased the concentrations of IgA, the numbers of IgA ASC and the mRNA expressions of IgA C-region, CCL25 and RARgamma in the jejunum after 14 and 21 d of treatment.	beta Carotene	47-60	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	363-371
23830034-6	2014	The mRNA expressions of RXRalpha and RARalpha in the jejunum and those of RXRalpha and RARgamma in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	150-163	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	24-32
23830034-6	2014	The mRNA expressions of RXRalpha and RARalpha in the jejunum and those of RXRalpha and RARgamma in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	150-163	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	37-45
23830034-6	2014	The mRNA expressions of RXRalpha and RARalpha in the jejunum and those of RXRalpha and RARgamma in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	150-163	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	74-82
23830034-6	2014	The mRNA expressions of RXRalpha and RARalpha in the jejunum and those of RXRalpha and RARgamma in the ileum after 21 d of treatment were enhanced by beta-carotene supplementation.	beta Carotene	150-163	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	87-95
24586510-5	2014	Participants were genotyped for the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream from BCMO1, rs11645428, rs6420424 and rs6564851 that have been shown to either up or down regulate beta-carotene conversion efficiency in the plasma.	beta Carotene	189-202	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
24586510-10	2014	CONCLUSION: In healthy participants MPOD levels can be related to high and low beta-carotene conversion BCMO1 genotypes.	beta Carotene	79-92	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
25377123-8	2014	The beta-carotene status (n = 2,048) was inversely associated with elevated CRP [adjusted OR quintile 5 vs. 1: OR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.98), p for trend = 0.01].	beta Carotene	4-17	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	76-79
23860829-5	2014	As proof-of-principle, a controllable beta-carotene biosynthesis pathway (~16 kb) was reconstructed and optimized by repeatedly using GAL10-GAL1 bidirectional promoters with high efficiency (80-100%).	beta Carotene	38-51	bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase/aldose 1-epimerase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-139
23860829-5	2014	As proof-of-principle, a controllable beta-carotene biosynthesis pathway (~16 kb) was reconstructed and optimized by repeatedly using GAL10-GAL1 bidirectional promoters with high efficiency (80-100%).	beta Carotene	38-51	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
24310731-6	2014	However, atRA induced MMP-9 production was via RARalpha activation and retinol and beta-carotene caused MMP-9 production via RARalpha and beta activation.	beta Carotene	83-96	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	104-109
25089049-11	2014	In our study, the highest retention parameters for lutein, lycopene and beta-carotene were observed for C30 and C18 stationary phase.	beta Carotene	72-85	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	112-115
24310731-6	2014	However, atRA induced MMP-9 production was via RARalpha activation and retinol and beta-carotene caused MMP-9 production via RARalpha and beta activation.	beta Carotene	83-96	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	125-142
24310731-7	2014	These were supported by the observations that the RARalpha and beta agonists/antagonists differentially affected MMP-9 production and that atRA and beta-carotene enhanced RARE-mediated and MMP-9 promoter luciferase activity.	beta Carotene	148-161	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	189-194
24310731-8	2014	In parallel, while the MMP-9 induction by atRA was not affected by the MAPKs inhibitors, its induction by retinol and beta-carotene was repressed by the inhibitor targeting ERK1/2.	beta Carotene	118-131	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	173-179
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	beta Carotene	84-97	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	122-128
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	beta Carotene	84-97	interleukin 16	Mus musculus	130-135
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	beta Carotene	84-97	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	141-146
24418240-1	2014	Using archival data, we conducted a secondary analysis to examine race differences in the relation of serum vitamins A, C, E and beta-carotene to insulin resistance (IR), fasting insulin and glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and leukocyte count in 176 non-smoking, healthy, white, and African American (AA) adults aged 18 to 65 years (48% women, 33% AA).	beta Carotene	129-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	146-153
24174622-7	2014	We observed an inverse association with intake of provitamin A carotenoids alpha-carotene (in mug/d; regression coefficient beta = -0.075; 95% CI: -0.140, -0.010; P = 0.025) and beta-carotene (in mug/d; beta = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.044, 0.002; P = 0.068) with C3 (in mg/L).	beta Carotene	50-62	complement C3	Homo sapiens	257-259
24174622-9	2014	In conclusion, these data suggest that fasting concentrations of C3 may, in a complex manner, be modifiable by variation in dietary provitamin A carotenoids and/or retinol content of the usual diet but most likely not by variations in fat composition and vitamin E content.	beta Carotene	132-144	complement C3	Homo sapiens	65-67
24174622-0	2014	Complement c3 is inversely associated with habitual intake of provitamin A but not with dietary fat, fatty acids, or vitamin E in middle-aged to older white adults and positively associated with intake of retinol in middle-aged to older white women.	beta Carotene	62-74	complement C3	Homo sapiens	0-13
24418240-5	2014	After adjusting for age, body mass index, gender, educational level, use of vitamin supplements, alcohol intake, leisure time physical activity, menopausal status, and total cholesterol, we observed that beta-carotene was significantly associated with insulin resistance and fasting insulin in a race-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	204-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	252-259
24418240-5	2014	After adjusting for age, body mass index, gender, educational level, use of vitamin supplements, alcohol intake, leisure time physical activity, menopausal status, and total cholesterol, we observed that beta-carotene was significantly associated with insulin resistance and fasting insulin in a race-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	204-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	283-290
24418240-6	2014	Among AA, lower beta-carotene levels were associated with higher estimates of insulin resistance and fasting insulin; whereas, these same associations were not significant for whites.	beta Carotene	16-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
24267661-5	2014	The abc1k1/pgr6 single mutant is specifically deficient in the electron carrier plastoquinone, as well as in beta-carotene and the xanthophyll lutein, and is defective in membrane antioxidant tocopherol metabolism.	beta Carotene	109-122	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-10
24267661-5	2014	The abc1k1/pgr6 single mutant is specifically deficient in the electron carrier plastoquinone, as well as in beta-carotene and the xanthophyll lutein, and is defective in membrane antioxidant tocopherol metabolism.	beta Carotene	109-122	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-15
24418240-6	2014	Among AA, lower beta-carotene levels were associated with higher estimates of insulin resistance and fasting insulin; whereas, these same associations were not significant for whites.	beta Carotene	16-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
24187135-2	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids at the central 15-15" double bond to yield retinal (vitamin A).	beta Carotene	74-86	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
24187135-2	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids at the central 15-15" double bond to yield retinal (vitamin A).	beta Carotene	74-86	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
24187135-6	2013	The purified enzyme preparation catalyzed the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene with a Vmax = 197.2 nmol retinal/mg BCO1 x h, Km = 17.2 muM and catalytic efficiency kcat/Km = 6098 M(-1) min(-1).	beta Carotene	68-81	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
24187135-12	2013	Our results show that BCO1 favors full-length provitamin A carotenoids as substrates, with the notable exception of lycopene.	beta Carotene	46-58	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
25337563-12	2013	Finally, The antioxidant capability of the tumor microenvironment for the BC group was enhanced with higher expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and manganese superoxide (MnSOD) detected.	beta Carotene	74-76	catalase	Mus musculus	159-167
24149444-7	2013	Intakes of beta-carotene equivalents and vitamin C were associated with adiponectin; saturated fatty acids (SFA), vitamin A, manganese and selenium with leptin; linoleic acid with PAI-1; and oleic acid and vitamin E with IL-6.	beta Carotene	11-24	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	72-83
24149444-7	2013	Intakes of beta-carotene equivalents and vitamin C were associated with adiponectin; saturated fatty acids (SFA), vitamin A, manganese and selenium with leptin; linoleic acid with PAI-1; and oleic acid and vitamin E with IL-6.	beta Carotene	11-24	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
24149444-7	2013	Intakes of beta-carotene equivalents and vitamin C were associated with adiponectin; saturated fatty acids (SFA), vitamin A, manganese and selenium with leptin; linoleic acid with PAI-1; and oleic acid and vitamin E with IL-6.	beta Carotene	11-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	221-225
25337563-12	2013	Finally, The antioxidant capability of the tumor microenvironment for the BC group was enhanced with higher expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and manganese superoxide (MnSOD) detected.	beta Carotene	74-76	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	195-200
24106281-6	2013	Genetic disruption of BCO1 resulted in beta-carotene accumulation and vitamin A deficiency accompanied by a BCO2-dependent production of minor amounts of beta-apo-10"-carotenol (APO10ol).	beta Carotene	39-52	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
24368792-0	2013	Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 is a negative regulator of beta-carotene content in Arabidopsis seeds.	beta Carotene	60-73	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-32
24071514-8	2013	This beta-carotene-mediated inhibition of CMO1 expression results from decreased binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) in the CMO1 promoter.	beta Carotene	5-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-140
24368792-4	2013	Linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies of Arabidopsis seed carotenoids identified CAROTENOID cleavage dioxygenase4 (CCD4) as a major negative regulator of seed carotenoid content, especially beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	204-217	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-127
24368792-4	2013	Linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies of Arabidopsis seed carotenoids identified CAROTENOID cleavage dioxygenase4 (CCD4) as a major negative regulator of seed carotenoid content, especially beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	204-217	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	129-133
24368792-5	2013	Loss of CCD4 function did not affect carotenoid homeostasis during seed development but greatly reduced carotenoid degradation during seed desiccation, increasing beta-carotene content 8.4-fold relative to the wild type.	beta Carotene	163-176	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-12
24368792-7	2013	CCD4 also plays a major role in carotenoid turnover during dark-induced leaf senescence, with beta-carotene accumulation again most strongly affected in the ccd4 mutant.	beta Carotene	94-107	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	157-161
24368792-8	2013	These results demonstrate that CCD4 plays a major role in beta-carotene degradation in drying seeds and senescing leaves and suggest that CCD4 orthologs would be promising targets for stabilizing and increasing the level of provitamin A carotenoids in seeds of major food crops.	beta Carotene	58-71	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
24368792-8	2013	These results demonstrate that CCD4 plays a major role in beta-carotene degradation in drying seeds and senescing leaves and suggest that CCD4 orthologs would be promising targets for stabilizing and increasing the level of provitamin A carotenoids in seeds of major food crops.	beta Carotene	58-71	nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-142
24071514-1	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (CMO1, BCMO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde (retinal) and is a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism.	beta Carotene	58-71	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23973661-5	2013	Normally, pro-lycopene is further isomerized by CRTISO (carotenoid isomerase) to yield all-trans-lycopene, which is further cyclized to beta-carotene in melon fruit.	beta Carotene	136-149	prolycopene isomerase, chloroplastic	Cucumis melo	48-54
23973661-5	2013	Normally, pro-lycopene is further isomerized by CRTISO (carotenoid isomerase) to yield all-trans-lycopene, which is further cyclized to beta-carotene in melon fruit.	beta Carotene	136-149	prolycopene isomerase, chloroplastic	Cucumis melo	56-76
24071514-8	2013	This beta-carotene-mediated inhibition of CMO1 expression results from decreased binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) in the CMO1 promoter.	beta Carotene	5-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	142-151
24071514-8	2013	This beta-carotene-mediated inhibition of CMO1 expression results from decreased binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) in the CMO1 promoter.	beta Carotene	5-18	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-182
24071514-8	2013	This beta-carotene-mediated inhibition of CMO1 expression results from decreased binding of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) in the CMO1 promoter.	beta Carotene	5-18	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	184-192
24071514-9	2013	beta-Carotene treatment also antagonizes PPARgamma activity in HEK293 cells that stably express CMO1 wild-type, but not in cells that express the CMO1 mutant or vector alone.	beta Carotene	0-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
23667519-10	2013	These results show that lycopene and beta-carotene were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of Cushing"s disease.	beta Carotene	37-50	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	211-222
23900747-6	2013	In the present study, beta-carotene was shown to reduce cell growth and induce neuronal cell differentiation, concomitant with a marked increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) (p42/p44).	beta Carotene	22-35	enhancer of yellow 1	Drosophila melanogaster	217-220
23900747-6	2013	In the present study, beta-carotene was shown to reduce cell growth and induce neuronal cell differentiation, concomitant with a marked increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) (p42/p44).	beta Carotene	22-35	Suppressor of stem-loop mutation	Drosophila melanogaster	221-224
23917457-0	2013	Effect of beta-carotene on oxidative stress and expression of cardiac connexin 43.	beta Carotene	10-23	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-81
23917457-9	2013	The content of total connexin 43 was larger in Beta-Carotene Group.	beta Carotene	47-60	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-32
23674377-10	2013	Furthermore, the applicability of this assay for the determination of CYP3A4 inhibition in complex matrix mixtures was successfully demonstrated in an in vitro experiment in which CYP3A4 inhibition by known CAM (beta-carotene, green tea, milk thistle and St. John"s wort) was determined.	beta Carotene	212-225	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
23674377-10	2013	Furthermore, the applicability of this assay for the determination of CYP3A4 inhibition in complex matrix mixtures was successfully demonstrated in an in vitro experiment in which CYP3A4 inhibition by known CAM (beta-carotene, green tea, milk thistle and St. John"s wort) was determined.	beta Carotene	212-225	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
23796198-9	2013	Plasma beta-carotene was inversely associated with aggressive UCC (IRR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.88; P-trend = 0.02).	beta Carotene	7-20	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	67-70
23826202-0	2013	beta-Carotene Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm by Alleviating Macrophage Recruitment in Apoe(-/-) Mice.	beta Carotene	0-13	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	25-39
23826202-0	2013	beta-Carotene Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm by Alleviating Macrophage Recruitment in Apoe(-/-) Mice.	beta Carotene	0-13	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	105-109
23117547-0	2013	Ang II induce kidney damage by recruiting inflammatory cells and up regulates PPAR gamma and Renin 1 gene: effect of beta carotene on chronic renal damage.	beta Carotene	117-130	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	0-6
23578641-2	2013	As the concentration of beta-carotene increased from 0 to 10, 100, and 1000 muM, the oxidative stability of samples containing chlorophylls decreased in a concentration-dependent manner under light, indicating that beta-carotene acted as a prooxidant.	beta Carotene	24-37	latexin	Homo sapiens	76-79
23578641-2	2013	As the concentration of beta-carotene increased from 0 to 10, 100, and 1000 muM, the oxidative stability of samples containing chlorophylls decreased in a concentration-dependent manner under light, indicating that beta-carotene acted as a prooxidant.	beta Carotene	215-228	latexin	Homo sapiens	76-79
23578641-3	2013	However, in riboflavin photosensitized O/W emulsions, 100 and 1000 muM beta-carotene inhibited lipid oxidation.	beta Carotene	71-84	latexin	Homo sapiens	67-70
23826202-12	2013	Hence, dietary supplementation of beta-carotene may have a protective function against Ang II-induced AAA by ameliorating macrophage recruitment in Apoe(-/-) mice.	beta Carotene	34-47	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	87-93
23826202-12	2013	Hence, dietary supplementation of beta-carotene may have a protective function against Ang II-induced AAA by ameliorating macrophage recruitment in Apoe(-/-) mice.	beta Carotene	34-47	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	148-152
23667519-0	2013	Lycopene and beta-carotene induce growth inhibition and proapoptotic effects on ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma cells.	beta Carotene	13-26	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	80-84
23667519-6	2013	Also, carotenoids induced apoptosis after 96 h. Lycopene and beta-carotene decreased the secretion of ACTH in AtT20 cells in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	61-74	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	102-106
23667519-10	2013	These results show that lycopene and beta-carotene were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of Cushing"s disease.	beta Carotene	37-50	S-phase kinase-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	224-228
23667519-10	2013	These results show that lycopene and beta-carotene were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of Cushing"s disease.	beta Carotene	37-50	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	233-236
23667519-10	2013	These results show that lycopene and beta-carotene were able to negatively modulate events related to the malignant phenotype of AtT-20 cells, through a mechanism that could involve changes in the expression of connexin 43, Skp2 and p27(kip1); and suggest that these compounds might provide a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of Cushing"s disease.	beta Carotene	37-50	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	237-241
23573912-6	2013	The results of interaction studies of beta-Lg with carotenoids, that is, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and alpha-carotene, which display similar structures are reported in this study.	beta Carotene	73-86	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	38-45
23334806-10	2013	The interaction between rs13266634 (SLC30A8) and trans-beta-carotene withstood Bonferroni correction (corrected p = 0.006, FDR &lt;1.5 %).	beta Carotene	49-68	solute carrier family 30 member 8	Homo sapiens	36-43
23384487-0	2013	Attenuation of non-enzymatic thermal glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	83-96	albumin	Homo sapiens	57-70
23384487-5	2013	We have tested the anti-glycation capacity of beta-carotene in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose system that was heated to 55 and 65  C for 3 days and studied the level of glycation, conformational alterations in BSA, and changes in hydrophobicity, due to thermal treatment and/or glycation.	beta Carotene	46-59	albumin	Homo sapiens	74-87
23406468-0	2013	A STAY-GREEN protein SlSGR1 regulates lycopene and beta-carotene accumulation by interacting directly with SlPSY1 during ripening processes in tomato.	beta Carotene	51-64	senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	21-27
23046823-4	2013	beta-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P&lt; 0 05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a.	beta Carotene	0-13	F-box protein 32	Mus musculus	92-101
23046823-4	2013	beta-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P&lt; 0 05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a.	beta Carotene	0-13	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	106-111
23046823-4	2013	beta-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P&lt; 0 05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a.	beta Carotene	0-13	ubiquitin specific peptidase 14	Mus musculus	143-148
23046823-4	2013	beta-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P&lt; 0 05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a.	beta Carotene	0-13	ubiquitin specific peptidase 19	Mus musculus	153-158
23046823-4	2013	beta-Carotene reduced the H2O2-induced increased expression levels of E3 ubiquitin ligases (Atrogin-1 and MuRF1) and deubiquitinating enzymes (USP14 and USP19) (P&lt; 0 05, n 3) and attenuated the H2O2-induced nuclear localisation of FOXO3a.	beta Carotene	0-13	forkhead box O3	Mus musculus	234-240
23046823-9	2013	In the denervated soleus muscle, beta-carotene administration significantly decreased the expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19 (P&lt; 0 05, n 5) and the levels of ubiquitin conjugates.	beta Carotene	33-46	F-box protein 32	Mus musculus	111-120
23046823-9	2013	In the denervated soleus muscle, beta-carotene administration significantly decreased the expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19 (P&lt; 0 05, n 5) and the levels of ubiquitin conjugates.	beta Carotene	33-46	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	122-127
23046823-9	2013	In the denervated soleus muscle, beta-carotene administration significantly decreased the expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19 (P&lt; 0 05, n 5) and the levels of ubiquitin conjugates.	beta Carotene	33-46	ubiquitin specific peptidase 14	Mus musculus	129-134
23046823-9	2013	In the denervated soleus muscle, beta-carotene administration significantly decreased the expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19 (P&lt; 0 05, n 5) and the levels of ubiquitin conjugates.	beta Carotene	33-46	ubiquitin specific peptidase 19	Mus musculus	139-144
23046823-10	2013	These results indicate that beta-carotene attenuates soleus muscle loss, perhaps by repressing the expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19, at the early stage of soleus muscle atrophy.	beta Carotene	28-41	F-box protein 32	Mus musculus	114-123
23046823-10	2013	These results indicate that beta-carotene attenuates soleus muscle loss, perhaps by repressing the expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19, at the early stage of soleus muscle atrophy.	beta Carotene	28-41	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	125-130
23046823-10	2013	These results indicate that beta-carotene attenuates soleus muscle loss, perhaps by repressing the expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19, at the early stage of soleus muscle atrophy.	beta Carotene	28-41	ubiquitin specific peptidase 14	Mus musculus	132-137
23046823-10	2013	These results indicate that beta-carotene attenuates soleus muscle loss, perhaps by repressing the expressions of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, USP14 and USP19, at the early stage of soleus muscle atrophy.	beta Carotene	28-41	ubiquitin specific peptidase 19	Mus musculus	142-147
23427331-0	2013	CD36 and SR-BI are involved in cellular uptake of provitamin A carotenoids by Caco-2 and HEK cells, and some of their genetic variants are associated with plasma concentrations of these micronutrients in humans.	beta Carotene	50-62	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
23427331-1	2013	Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and cluster determinant 36 (CD36) have been involved in cellular uptake of some provitamin A carotenoids.	beta Carotene	122-134	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
23406468-0	2013	A STAY-GREEN protein SlSGR1 regulates lycopene and beta-carotene accumulation by interacting directly with SlPSY1 during ripening processes in tomato.	beta Carotene	51-64	phytoene synthase 1, chloroplastic	Solanum lycopersicum	107-113
23406468-6	2013	The repression of SlSGR1 in transgenic tomato fruits resulted in altered accumulation patterns of phytoene and lycopene, whilst simultaneously elevating SlPSY1 mRNA accumulation and plastid conversion at the early stages of fruit ripening, resulting in increased lycopene and beta-carotene (four- and nine-fold, respectively) in red ripe fruits.	beta Carotene	276-289	senescence-inducible chloroplast stay-green protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	18-24
22572738-0	2013	Short-term beta-carotene-supplementation positively affects ovarian activity and serum insulin concentrations in a goat model.	beta Carotene	11-24	insulin	Capra hircus	87-94
23393141-2	2013	beta-Carotene is converted to vitamin A in the intestine by the enzyme beta-carotene-15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1) to support vision, reproduction, immune function, and cell differentiation.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
23393141-5	2013	Moreover, upon induction by the beta-carotene derivative retinoic acid, this ISX binding decreased expression of a luciferase reporter gene in human colonic CaCo-2 cells indicating that ISX acts as a transcriptional repressor of BCMO1 expression.	beta Carotene	32-45	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	229-234
23393141-7	2013	The ISX binding site in the human BCMO1 promoter contains a common single nucleotide polymorphism that is associated with decreased conversion rates and increased fasting blood levels of beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	187-200	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
23160179-6	2013	Transgenic expression of SCRB15 in the middle silk gland using the binary GAL4-UAS expression system enhanced selective beta-carotene uptake by the middle silk gland, while transgenic expression of Cameo2 enhanced selective lutein uptake under the same GAL4 driver.	beta Carotene	120-133	lysosome membrane protein 2-like	Bombyx mori	25-31
23053559-3	2012	In particular, the characterization and study of beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase has shown that this enzyme can catalyze the excentric cleavage of both provitamin and non-provitamin A carotenoids to form apo-10"-carotenoids, including apo-10"-lycopenoids from lycopene.	beta Carotene	170-182	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	49-79
23141584-8	2013	The ox.LDL/LDL-C ratio (the extent of LDLs oxidation) was independently correlated with HDL-C, triglycerides, and beta-carotene (adjusted r(2): 0.15, P = 0.001).	beta Carotene	114-127	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	11-16
23936766-8	2013	Although no significant associations were found between serum carotenoids and HOMA-IR, beta-carotene was positively associated with SHBG and beta-cryptoxanthin inversely with fasting plasma glucose.	beta Carotene	87-100	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	132-136
23147682-0	2013	Dietary beta-carotene regulates interleukin-1beta-induced expression of apolipoprotein E in astrocytes isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.	beta Carotene	8-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	32-49
23147682-0	2013	Dietary beta-carotene regulates interleukin-1beta-induced expression of apolipoprotein E in astrocytes isolated from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.	beta Carotene	8-21	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	72-88
23147682-6	2013	Thus, we investigated the expression of apoE in primary astrocytes that had been treated with IL-1beta or beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	106-119	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
23147682-10	2013	Conversely, beta-carotene significantly enhanced the expression levels of genes related to cholesterol regulation, including Abca1, Abcg1, Hmgcr as well as Apoe.	beta Carotene	12-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
23147682-10	2013	Conversely, beta-carotene significantly enhanced the expression levels of genes related to cholesterol regulation, including Abca1, Abcg1, Hmgcr as well as Apoe.	beta Carotene	12-25	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
23147682-10	2013	Conversely, beta-carotene significantly enhanced the expression levels of genes related to cholesterol regulation, including Abca1, Abcg1, Hmgcr as well as Apoe.	beta Carotene	12-25	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
23147682-10	2013	Conversely, beta-carotene significantly enhanced the expression levels of genes related to cholesterol regulation, including Abca1, Abcg1, Hmgcr as well as Apoe.	beta Carotene	12-25	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
23147682-12	2013	These results suggest that IL-1beta decreases Apoe expression levels, whereas beta-carotene strongly elevates Apoe levels and inhibits FGF1-mediated gliosis of astrocytes.	beta Carotene	78-91	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
23147682-12	2013	These results suggest that IL-1beta decreases Apoe expression levels, whereas beta-carotene strongly elevates Apoe levels and inhibits FGF1-mediated gliosis of astrocytes.	beta Carotene	78-91	fibroblast growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
22542753-3	2012	Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to beta-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).	beta Carotene	106-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-191
22542753-3	2012	Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to beta-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).	beta Carotene	106-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-197
22542753-3	2012	Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to beta-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).	beta Carotene	121-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-191
23203725-0	2013	Organ specificity of beta-carotene induced lung gene-expression changes in Bcmo1-/- mice.	beta Carotene	21-34	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	75-80
23748778-4	2013	Not only beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin, but also lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin, upregulated HAS3 gene expression and were followed by hyaluronan synthesis.	beta Carotene	9-22	hyaluronan synthase 3	Homo sapiens	105-109
23442671-7	2012	beta-Carotene also suppressed (p&lt;0.05) NF-kappaB (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	53-56
22750393-0	2012	beta-carotene reverses the IL-1beta-mediated reduction in paraoxonase-1 expression via induction of the CaMKKII pathway in human endothelial cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-35
22750393-0	2012	beta-carotene reverses the IL-1beta-mediated reduction in paraoxonase-1 expression via induction of the CaMKKII pathway in human endothelial cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	58-71
22750393-9	2012	In contrast, beta-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	76-80
22750393-9	2012	In contrast, beta-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
22750393-9	2012	In contrast, beta-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
22750393-9	2012	In contrast, beta-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
22750393-9	2012	In contrast, beta-carotene increased the expression of CaMKKII, PI3K, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS, PON-1, and reduced the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	136-141
22750393-10	2012	beta-carotene also induced phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phospho-eNOS and PON-1 proteins.	beta Carotene	0-13	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
22750393-10	2012	beta-carotene also induced phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phospho-eNOS and PON-1 proteins.	beta Carotene	0-13	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
22750393-11	2012	Importantly, beta-carotene upregulated the IL-1beta-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	43-51
22750393-11	2012	Importantly, beta-carotene upregulated the IL-1beta-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	88-92
22750393-11	2012	Importantly, beta-carotene upregulated the IL-1beta-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	94-98
22750393-11	2012	Importantly, beta-carotene upregulated the IL-1beta-mediated decrease of CaMKKII, PZK1, LKB1, eNOS and PON-1.	beta Carotene	13-26	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
22750393-12	2012	beta-carotene inhibited IL-1beta-mediated cell adhesion of U937 to endothelial cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	24-32
22750393-14	2012	These findings indicate that beta-carotene regulates the expression of PON-1, eNOS and adhesion molecules via CaMKK pathway activation.	beta Carotene	29-42	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
22750393-14	2012	These findings indicate that beta-carotene regulates the expression of PON-1, eNOS and adhesion molecules via CaMKK pathway activation.	beta Carotene	29-42	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	78-82
22750393-15	2012	beta-carotene may contribute to the functional maintenance of vascular endothelial cells in a manner similar to HDL, protecting them against stimuli such as IL-1beta.	beta Carotene	0-13	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	157-165
23442671-7	2012	beta-Carotene also suppressed (p&lt;0.05) NF-kappaB (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	61-64
23442671-7	2012	beta-Carotene also suppressed (p&lt;0.05) NF-kappaB (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	129-132
23442671-7	2012	beta-Carotene also suppressed (p&lt;0.05) NF-kappaB (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	138-161
23442671-7	2012	beta-Carotene also suppressed (p&lt;0.05) NF-kappaB (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression.	beta Carotene	0-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	163-166
23291590-8	2012	Pretreatment with beta-carotene decreased the total area of gastric ulcer and mRNA expression, as well as plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	18-31	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	151-159
22952186-8	2012	Plasma beta-carotene was inversely associated with aggressive UCC (IRR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.88; P-trend = 0.02).	beta Carotene	7-20	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	67-70
23291590-8	2012	Pretreatment with beta-carotene decreased the total area of gastric ulcer and mRNA expression, as well as plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, in a dose-dependent manner.	beta Carotene	18-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
23291590-9	2012	The gene expression and plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, TGF-beta, were significantly increased in beta-carotene-pretreated groups compared with the control.	beta Carotene	115-128	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
23291590-10	2012	Our findings showed that the protective effect of beta-carotene may be mediated partly by reducing mRNA expression and plasma levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and concurrently, by increasing gene expression and plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta.	beta Carotene	50-63	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
23291590-10	2012	Our findings showed that the protective effect of beta-carotene may be mediated partly by reducing mRNA expression and plasma levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and concurrently, by increasing gene expression and plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta.	beta Carotene	50-63	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	149-158
23291590-10	2012	Our findings showed that the protective effect of beta-carotene may be mediated partly by reducing mRNA expression and plasma levels of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, and concurrently, by increasing gene expression and plasma levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta.	beta Carotene	50-63	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	260-268
22901482-5	2012	Milk from Minhota cows showed higher contents of retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	99-112	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
22897793-2	2012	In this yeast, astaxanthin is synthesized from beta-carotene by a cytochrome P450, CrtS, which depends on CrtR, the four-domain cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR).	beta Carotene	47-60	solute carrier family 6 member 8	Homo sapiens	106-110
22486775-11	2012	A new finding was the independent relationship in plasma between low provitamin A carotenoids and high MMP-9, suggesting a link between these carotenoids, matrix turnover and arterial remodelling.	beta Carotene	69-81	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	103-108
22152988-3	2012	The objective of the present study was to investigate whether lycopene and beta-carotene in micelles (M), at concentrations that could be reached via the diet (10-25 mug/ml) could aid in the reduction of TNF-alpha plus IL-1beta-induced inflammation of Caco-2 human epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	75-88	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	204-213
22152988-3	2012	The objective of the present study was to investigate whether lycopene and beta-carotene in micelles (M), at concentrations that could be reached via the diet (10-25 mug/ml) could aid in the reduction of TNF-alpha plus IL-1beta-induced inflammation of Caco-2 human epithelial cells.	beta Carotene	75-88	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	219-227
22152988-7	2012	Nevertheless, analyses of the proteome suggested that fifteen proteins were significantly (P &lt; 0 05, expression ratio &gt;1 3) differentially regulated following beta-carotene exposure, participating mostly in metabolic activities including antioxidant mechanisms, such as glutathione S-transferase A1.	beta Carotene	165-178	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	276-304
22486775-0	2012	Provitamin A carotenoids are independently associated with matrix metalloproteinase-9 in plasma samples from a general population.	beta Carotene	0-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	59-85
22739378-12	2012	Together, these data suggest a potential role of LRP1 in mediating the uptake of beta-carotene across the placenta and that even a marginally impaired maternal vitamin A status may influence uptake and utilization of beta-carotene by the placenta and the embryo.	beta Carotene	81-94	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	49-53
22575730-1	2012	Lycopene Beta-cyclase (LCY-B) is thought to play a critical role in Beta-carotene synthesis in fruit.	beta Carotene	68-81	lycopene beta cyclase, chloroplastic	Cucumis melo	0-21
25683418-7	2012	This study indicates that quercetin metabolites decrease the BaP-induced harmful effect of beta-carotene in A549 cells by downregulating the expression of CYP1A1/1A2, at least in part.	beta Carotene	91-104	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	155-161
22381025-6	2012	RESULTS: Baseline beta-carotene concentrations correlated inversely with HOMA-IR, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, and abdominal fat mass (P &lt;= .01).	beta Carotene	18-31	leptin	Homo sapiens	82-88
22810193-8	2012	Results showed that 30 days of beta-carotene treatment could significantly inhibit tumour growth, enhance blood NK, IL-2, TNF-alpha, WBC, TP, ALB and A/G levels, and decrease blood ALT, AST and ALP activities in HCC rats.	beta Carotene	31-44	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
22810193-8	2012	Results showed that 30 days of beta-carotene treatment could significantly inhibit tumour growth, enhance blood NK, IL-2, TNF-alpha, WBC, TP, ALB and A/G levels, and decrease blood ALT, AST and ALP activities in HCC rats.	beta Carotene	31-44	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	122-131
22810193-8	2012	Results showed that 30 days of beta-carotene treatment could significantly inhibit tumour growth, enhance blood NK, IL-2, TNF-alpha, WBC, TP, ALB and A/G levels, and decrease blood ALT, AST and ALP activities in HCC rats.	beta Carotene	31-44	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
22810193-8	2012	Results showed that 30 days of beta-carotene treatment could significantly inhibit tumour growth, enhance blood NK, IL-2, TNF-alpha, WBC, TP, ALB and A/G levels, and decrease blood ALT, AST and ALP activities in HCC rats.	beta Carotene	31-44	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
22381025-0	2012	Insulin resistance and adiposity in relation to serum beta-carotene levels.	beta Carotene	54-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22894740-0	2012	High doses of in vitro beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid induce oxidative stress and secretion of IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors.	beta Carotene	23-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	114-118
22381025-6	2012	RESULTS: Baseline beta-carotene concentrations correlated inversely with HOMA-IR, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, and abdominal fat mass (P &lt;= .01).	beta Carotene	18-31	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	92-103
22239725-9	2012	The results show that treatment with annatto extract and beta-carotene was able to decrease ROS production and the mRNA levels of p22(phox) and p47(phox) and increase the mRNA levels of SOD and CAT in neutrophils from diabetic rats.	beta Carotene	57-70	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
22451137-4	2012	In a secondary pathway, BCO2 cleaves beta-carotene into retinoic acid, the most potent form of vitamin A.	beta Carotene	37-50	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	24-28
23065834-3	2012	The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of a recombinant beta-carotene 15, 15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1) from Gallus gallus, expressed in Escherichia coli.	beta Carotene	66-79	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	103-108
22277553-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were inversely associated with risk of ER-, but not ER+, breast cancer.	beta Carotene	40-53	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	116-118
22226662-7	2012	Changes in the concentration of plasma total carotenoid and beta-carotene were inversely correlated with change in plasma IL-1beta concentration.	beta Carotene	60-73	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	122-130
22513258-0	2012	A quadruple mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a beta-carotene hydroxylation activity for LUT1/CYP97C1 and a regulatory role of xanthophylls on determination of the PSI/PSII ratio.	beta Carotene	44-57	Cytochrome P450 superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-89
22513258-0	2012	A quadruple mutant of Arabidopsis reveals a beta-carotene hydroxylation activity for LUT1/CYP97C1 and a regulatory role of xanthophylls on determination of the PSI/PSII ratio.	beta Carotene	44-57	Cytochrome P450 superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	90-97
22469593-0	2012	Diverse effects of beta-carotene on secretion and expression of VEGF in human hepatocarcinoma and prostate tumor cells.	beta Carotene	19-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	64-68
22469593-1	2012	Oral administration of beta-carotene (BC) was found to exert opposite effects on plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in two animal models.	beta Carotene	23-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	98-132
22469593-1	2012	Oral administration of beta-carotene (BC) was found to exert opposite effects on plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in two animal models.	beta Carotene	23-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	134-138
22469593-1	2012	Oral administration of beta-carotene (BC) was found to exert opposite effects on plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in two animal models.	beta Carotene	38-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	98-132
22469593-1	2012	Oral administration of beta-carotene (BC) was found to exert opposite effects on plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in two animal models.	beta Carotene	38-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	134-138
22469593-3	2012	Herein we investigated whether BC (0.5-20 muM) possesses diverse effects on VEGF secretion in SK-Hep-1, PC-3 and melanoma B16F10 cells.	beta Carotene	31-33	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	76-80
22348777-5	2012	These results indicate that the enzyme ZmcrtRB3 plays a role in hydrolyzing both alpha- and beta-carotenes, while polymorphisms in ZmcrtRB3 contributed more variation in alpha-carotene than that in beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	92-105	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	39-47
22111515-8	2012	One candidate for impact on trans-lycopene and beta-carotene accumulation was functionally charaterized, SlERF6, revealing that it indeed influences carotenoid biosynthesis and additional ripening phenotypes.	beta Carotene	47-60	ethylene response factor	Solanum lycopersicum	105-111
22139337-0	2011	Long-term betacarotene-supplementation enhances serum insulin concentrations  without effect on the onset of puberty in the female goat.	beta Carotene	10-22	insulin	Capra hircus	54-61
21872972-8	2012	Although a multiplicative interaction was not observed, the protective effect of beta-carotene intake on breast cancer risk was observed predominantly in individuals with the TG:TG diplotype of NOS3 (OR = 0.68) but not observed with others diplotype.	beta Carotene	81-94	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	194-198
22147584-1	2012	In humans, varying amounts of absorbed beta-carotene are oxidatively cleaved by the enzyme beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) into two molecules of all-trans-retinal.	beta Carotene	39-52	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	91-132
22147584-1	2012	In humans, varying amounts of absorbed beta-carotene are oxidatively cleaved by the enzyme beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) into two molecules of all-trans-retinal.	beta Carotene	39-52	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
22113863-1	2012	beta-Carotene, the most abundant provitamin A carotenoid in the diet, is converted to retinal by beta-carotene 15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
22113863-1	2012	beta-Carotene, the most abundant provitamin A carotenoid in the diet, is converted to retinal by beta-carotene 15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	33-45	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
22113863-1	2012	beta-Carotene, the most abundant provitamin A carotenoid in the diet, is converted to retinal by beta-carotene 15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1).	beta Carotene	97-110	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
22113863-4	2012	Because 4 SNPs 5" upstream from the BCMO1 gene were recently shown to affect circulating carotenoid concentrations, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of these SNPs on beta-carotene conversion efficiency.	beta Carotene	184-197	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
22162208-0	2012	beta-Carotene and lycopene affect endothelial response to TNF-alpha reducing nitro-oxidative stress and interaction with monocytes.	beta Carotene	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-67
23464395-0	2012	Barrett"s esophagus and beta-carotene therapy: symptomatic improvement in GERD and enhanced HSP70 expression in esophageal mucosa.	beta Carotene	24-37	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
23464395-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Long- term beta-carotene therapy realizes amelioration of GERD symptoms along with restitution of the histological and molecular changes in esophageal mucosa of patients with BE, associated with concurrent increase in mucosal HSP70 expression.	beta Carotene	24-37	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	239-244
22017546-4	2012	The leaf essential oil showed the strongest antioxidant activity in the beta-carotene/linoleic acid system, with an IC50 value of 35.6 microg mL-1 after 30 min of incubation.	beta Carotene	72-85	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	142-146
21932861-6	2011	This is demonstrated with the topography mapping of beta-carotene and benzene nonamer at MP2 and a (H(2)O)(32) cluster at the HF level of theory, which are rather challenging problems with contemporary off-the-shelf computer hardware.	beta Carotene	52-65	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
21956960-0	2011	Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene reduces serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-D, but Not -A or -C, in male smokers.	beta Carotene	41-54	vascular endothelial growth factor D	Homo sapiens	87-123
21956960-3	2011	Thus, vitamin E and beta-carotene may influence cancer risk through one or more VEGF.	beta Carotene	20-33	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	80-84
21956960-9	2011	The decrease in the serum VEGF-D concentration was greater in the men supplemented with alpha-tocopherol (-9.7 +- 2.5%) or beta-carotene (-8.5 +- 2.7%) and tended to be greater in those supplemented with both (-6.8 +- 2.4%) compared to the placebo group, in which there was no change (-0.4 +- 3.0%) (P = 0.03).	beta Carotene	123-136	vascular endothelial growth factor D	Homo sapiens	26-32
21956960-10	2011	In this population of male smokers, supplementation with alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene was associated with a decrease in VEGF-D levels over time.	beta Carotene	77-90	vascular endothelial growth factor D	Homo sapiens	125-131
21956960-11	2011	Although the mechanism through which these supplements affect cancer etiolog remains unclear, our results support the hypothesis that vitamin E and beta-carotene may influence cancer progression through VEGF-mediated lymphangiogenesis.	beta Carotene	148-161	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	203-207
22139337-9	2011	Nonetheless, BC supplementation positively affected the release pattern of insulin suggesting a potential role of BC as pancreas-activating molecule.	beta Carotene	13-15	insulin	Capra hircus	75-82
21765609-5	2011	Plasma C-reactive protein levels significantly correlated with dietary intakes of vitamin C (r = -0.30, p&lt;0.005), beta-carotene (r = -0.23, p&lt;0.05), and folate (r = -0.31, p&lt;0.005).	beta Carotene	117-130	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	7-25
21620794-8	2011	In addition, beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin and bixin also up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, an important transcription factor in Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	13-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
21620794-8	2011	In addition, beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin and bixin also up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, an important transcription factor in Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	13-26	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
21620794-8	2011	In addition, beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin and bixin also up-regulated the expression of Nrf2, an important transcription factor in Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway.	beta Carotene	13-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
21786025-9	2011	Cerebro meningeous aneurysm, subarachnoid haemorrhage, multiple foci of infarction, necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the cerebral hemispheres of ang II treated animals, however, infarction size were reduced and no aneurysm, inflammatory foci was observed in beta carotene treated animals.	beta Carotene	290-303	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	177-183
21786025-10	2011	Real time analysis showed down regulation of mRNA levels of MMP 2, uPA, PAI, PPAR-A, MCSF1 and up regulation of tPA and MCP-1 in the brain during the progression of cerebral aneurysm and beta carotene supplementation to bring to normal expression levels of all the candidate genes for cerebrovascular diseases.	beta Carotene	187-200	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	120-125
21786025-11	2011	Based on above results, Ang II may induced cerebral aneurysm, ischemia/infarction on brain through RAS system by down regulating the mRNA levels of MMP 2, uPA, PAI, PPAR-A, MCSF1 and up regulating tPA and MCP-1 and beta carotene attenuates the disease condition and bring down to normal expression levels of above genes.	beta Carotene	215-228	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	24-30
21672580-3	2011	This review focuses on the role of carotenoids like retinoic acid (RA), all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lycopene and beta-carotene in prevention of AD symptoms primarily through inhibition of amyloid beta (Abeta) formation, deposition and fibril formation either by reducing the levels of p35 or inhibiting corresponding enzymes.	beta Carotene	117-130	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	192-204
21672580-3	2011	This review focuses on the role of carotenoids like retinoic acid (RA), all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lycopene and beta-carotene in prevention of AD symptoms primarily through inhibition of amyloid beta (Abeta) formation, deposition and fibril formation either by reducing the levels of p35 or inhibiting corresponding enzymes.	beta Carotene	117-130	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	206-211
21672580-3	2011	This review focuses on the role of carotenoids like retinoic acid (RA), all trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lycopene and beta-carotene in prevention of AD symptoms primarily through inhibition of amyloid beta (Abeta) formation, deposition and fibril formation either by reducing the levels of p35 or inhibiting corresponding enzymes.	beta Carotene	117-130	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	289-292
21620794-9	2011	It appears to us that PPARgamma signaling pathways and Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway were involved in the inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by carotenoids and the up-regulation of PPARgamma expression at least partly contributed to the antiproliferative effects of beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin, and bixin on K562 cells.	beta Carotene	277-290	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-31
21620794-9	2011	It appears to us that PPARgamma signaling pathways and Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway were involved in the inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by carotenoids and the up-regulation of PPARgamma expression at least partly contributed to the antiproliferative effects of beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin, and bixin on K562 cells.	beta Carotene	277-290	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
21620794-9	2011	It appears to us that PPARgamma signaling pathways and Keap1-Nrf2/EpRE/ARE signaling pathway were involved in the inhibition of K562 cell proliferation by carotenoids and the up-regulation of PPARgamma expression at least partly contributed to the antiproliferative effects of beta-carotene, astaxanthin, capsanthin, and bixin on K562 cells.	beta Carotene	277-290	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	192-201
21302131-0	2011	Production of beta-apo-10"-carotenal from beta-carotene by human beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase expressed in E. coli.	beta Carotene	42-55	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	65-95
21285397-4	2011	CMOI is expressed in embryonic tissues, suggesting that beta-carotene provides retinoids locally during development.	beta Carotene	56-69	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
21569430-13	2011	DHA, beta-carotene and hydroxytyrosol inhibited the gene expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, aP2 and CPT-1beta.	beta Carotene	5-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	71-80
21569430-13	2011	DHA, beta-carotene and hydroxytyrosol inhibited the gene expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, aP2 and CPT-1beta.	beta Carotene	5-18	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	82-92
21569430-13	2011	DHA, beta-carotene and hydroxytyrosol inhibited the gene expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, aP2 and CPT-1beta.	beta Carotene	5-18	transcription factor AP-2, alpha	Mus musculus	94-97
21569430-13	2011	DHA, beta-carotene and hydroxytyrosol inhibited the gene expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, aP2 and CPT-1beta.	beta Carotene	5-18	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	102-111
21266096-5	2011	Between the two enzymes involved in the bioconversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, the activity of intestinal and hepatic beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase was either unaffected or lowered by these spice treatments.	beta Carotene	57-70	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-156
21285397-0	2011	beta-Carotene and its cleavage enzyme beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (CMOI) affect retinoid metabolism in developing tissues.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	70-74
21285397-7	2011	Since beta-carotene was not present in any of the mouse diets, we unveiled a novel action of CMOI independent from its beta-carotene cleavage activity.	beta Carotene	6-19	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
21285397-3	2011	beta-Carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (CMOI) has been proposed as the main enzyme generating retinoid from beta-carotene in vivo.	beta Carotene	100-113	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	32-36
21285397-7	2011	Since beta-carotene was not present in any of the mouse diets, we unveiled a novel action of CMOI independent from its beta-carotene cleavage activity.	beta Carotene	119-132	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	93-97
21285397-9	2011	Finally, we demonstrate unequivocally that beta-carotene can serve as an alternative vitamin A source for the in situ synthesis of retinoids in developing tissues by the action of CMOI.	beta Carotene	43-56	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	180-184
21462328-5	2011	High-dosage lycopene and beta-carotene significantly decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in tumor tissues and increased the levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 in plasma.	beta Carotene	25-38	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	161-205
21462328-7	2011	In contrast, beta-carotene supplementation significantly increased the VEGF levels, as compared with tumor control group.	beta Carotene	13-26	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	71-75
21462328-8	2011	CONCLUSION: Lycopene and beta-carotene supplementation suppressed the growth of prostate tumor cells, and the effects are likely associated with reduction of proliferation (attenuation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression) and with interference of the insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling (increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 levels).	beta Carotene	25-38	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	321-365
22087137-10	2011	A diet rich that is in polyunsaturated fatty acids and, possibly, B-carotene could reduce the risk of HCC, and high dietary GL is associated with an increased risk independently of cirrhosis or diabetes.	beta Carotene	66-76	HCC	Homo sapiens	102-105
21134679-5	2011	The use of these C18 stationary phases allows to reach more accurate conclusion on the comparison of the shape selectivity values provided either by the cis/trans beta-carotene selectivity or by the TRI/oTER or TbN/BaP ones.	beta Carotene	163-176	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	17-20
20820853-0	2011	Beta-carotene affects gene expression in lungs of male and female Bcmo1 (-/-) mice in opposite directions.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	66-71
20820853-5	2011	Testosterone levels were higher after BC supplementation only in Bcmo1 (-/-) mice, which had, unlike wild-type (Bcmo1 (+/+)) mice, large variations.	beta Carotene	38-40	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	65-70
20820853-5	2011	Testosterone levels were higher after BC supplementation only in Bcmo1 (-/-) mice, which had, unlike wild-type (Bcmo1 (+/+)) mice, large variations.	beta Carotene	38-40	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	112-117
20820853-8	2011	Moreover, effects of BC may depend on the presence of frequent human BCMO1 polymorphisms, since these effects were not found in wild-type mice.	beta Carotene	21-23	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
20383744-12	2011	This study on transgenic plants overexpressing an important carotenoid gene (CrtR-b2) provides an interesting model for future investigations on perturbations in beta-carotene-derived xanthophyll synthesis which in turn may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling carotenoid metabolism in tomato.	beta Carotene	162-175	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Solanum lycopersicum	77-84
21437178-2	2011	Deficiency levels of 6 mg/L (34.2 muM) for vitamin C and of 0.22 mg/L (0.4 muM) for beta-carotene have been suggested below which cardiovascular risk might be increased.	beta Carotene	84-97	latexin	Homo sapiens	75-78
21908944-0	2011	beta-Carotene and lutein inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial AGS cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	73-82
21908944-0	2011	beta-Carotene and lutein inhibit hydrogen peroxide-induced activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial AGS cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	87-91
21908944-7	2011	The present study aims to investigate whether beta-carotene and lutein inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced activation of NF-kappaB and expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells.	beta Carotene	46-59	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	110-119
21908944-7	2011	The present study aims to investigate whether beta-carotene and lutein inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced activation of NF-kappaB and expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells.	beta Carotene	46-59	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	138-142
21908944-14	2011	beta-Carotene and lutein showed inhibitory effects on H(2)O(2)-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-kappaB, and IL-8 expression in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	123-132
21908944-14	2011	beta-Carotene and lutein showed inhibitory effects on H(2)O(2)-induced increase in intracellular ROS levels, activation of NF-kappaB, and IL-8 expression in AGS cells.	beta Carotene	0-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	138-142
20470748-9	2010	We further observed that hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in livers of Bcmo1-deficient mice fed a beta-carotene-containing diet compared to mice receiving no beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	121-134	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	94-99
21750696-2	2011	Within this meat quality QTL, BCMO1 (Accession number GenBank: AJ271386), encoding the beta-carotene 15, 15"-monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the conversion of beta-carotene into colorless retinal, was a good functional candidate.	beta Carotene	87-100	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	30-35
21750696-2	2011	Within this meat quality QTL, BCMO1 (Accession number GenBank: AJ271386), encoding the beta-carotene 15, 15"-monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the conversion of beta-carotene into colorless retinal, was a good functional candidate.	beta Carotene	158-171	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	30-35
21673813-0	2011	Beta-carotene reduces body adiposity of mice via BCMO1.	beta Carotene	0-13	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	49-54
21961413-0	2011	[Beta-carotene regulates the expression of proapoptotic BAX and CAPN2 in HL-60, U-937 and TF-1 - human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines; microarray, RQ-PCR and Western Blot analysis].	beta Carotene	1-14	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	56-59
21961413-0	2011	[Beta-carotene regulates the expression of proapoptotic BAX and CAPN2 in HL-60, U-937 and TF-1 - human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines; microarray, RQ-PCR and Western Blot analysis].	beta Carotene	1-14	calpain 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
21105679-5	2010	For either the ROO-CAR( ) or CAR(-H)( ) radicals, beta-carotene has noticeably higher O(2) addition barriers than those of their lycopene counterparts.	beta Carotene	50-63	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
21105679-5	2010	For either the ROO-CAR( ) or CAR(-H)( ) radicals, beta-carotene has noticeably higher O(2) addition barriers than those of their lycopene counterparts.	beta Carotene	50-63	CXADR pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
20470748-9	2010	We further observed that hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly elevated in livers of Bcmo1-deficient mice fed a beta-carotene-containing diet compared to mice receiving no beta-carotene.	beta Carotene	181-194	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	94-99
21792817-0	2010	Inverse correlation between plasma Beta-carotene and interleukin-6 in patients with advanced coronary artery disease.	beta Carotene	35-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	53-66
21792817-5	2010	Beta-carotene significantly inversely correlated with interleukin-6.	beta Carotene	0-13	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	54-67