PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
12904307-6	2003	In the presence of suramin, known to inhibit APLT, a strong labeling of BC by diacylaminophospholipid analogues was found that declined to a level observed for control cells after removal of suramin.	Suramin	19-26	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A1	Homo sapiens	45-49
12904307-6	2003	In the presence of suramin, known to inhibit APLT, a strong labeling of BC by diacylaminophospholipid analogues was found that declined to a level observed for control cells after removal of suramin.	Suramin	191-198	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A1	Homo sapiens	45-49
14511654-6	2003	The inhibitory effects of HDL, SPC, and LSF on TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin expression were partially reverted in the presence of suramin, an antagonist of lysosphingolipid receptor EDG-3, or pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of trimeric G proteins.	Suramin	130-137	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
14511654-6	2003	The inhibitory effects of HDL, SPC, and LSF on TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin expression were partially reverted in the presence of suramin, an antagonist of lysosphingolipid receptor EDG-3, or pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of trimeric G proteins.	Suramin	130-137	selectin E	Homo sapiens	65-75
14511654-6	2003	The inhibitory effects of HDL, SPC, and LSF on TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin expression were partially reverted in the presence of suramin, an antagonist of lysosphingolipid receptor EDG-3, or pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of trimeric G proteins.	Suramin	130-137	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	182-187
14511112-7	2003	Consistent with activation of the P2X7 receptor, periodate-oxidized ATP, a P2X7 receptor antagonist, and suramin, a non-specific P2 receptor antagonist, inhibited the effect of ATP or BzATP on IFN gamma-induced NO production, whereas pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS), an antagonist of several P2X receptor subtypes, was ineffective.	Suramin	105-112	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	193-202
12788924-5	2003	Autocrine pathways were blocked with suramin, a general inhibitor of growth factor receptor binding, and resulted in more than a 10-fold increase in lysyl oxidase expression and proenzyme production.	Suramin	37-44	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	149-162
12788924-8	2003	Finally, the addition of FGF-2 to suramin-treated cells completely reversed suramin stimulation of lysyl oxidase mRNA levels.	Suramin	34-41	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
12788924-8	2003	Finally, the addition of FGF-2 to suramin-treated cells completely reversed suramin stimulation of lysyl oxidase mRNA levels.	Suramin	34-41	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	99-112
12788924-8	2003	Finally, the addition of FGF-2 to suramin-treated cells completely reversed suramin stimulation of lysyl oxidase mRNA levels.	Suramin	76-83	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
12788924-8	2003	Finally, the addition of FGF-2 to suramin-treated cells completely reversed suramin stimulation of lysyl oxidase mRNA levels.	Suramin	76-83	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	99-112
12743807-4	2003	So far the treatment for the early stage of HAT involves the drugs pentamidine and suramin which have been very successful.	Suramin	83-90	transmembrane serine protease 11D	Homo sapiens	44-47
12782194-6	2003	Furthermore, suramin, which selectively blocks S1P(3) receptors, inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect of S1P, indicating that S1P(3) receptors account for at least part of S1P-mediated vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.	Suramin	13-20	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
12782194-6	2003	Furthermore, suramin, which selectively blocks S1P(3) receptors, inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect of S1P, indicating that S1P(3) receptors account for at least part of S1P-mediated vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.	Suramin	13-20	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
12782194-6	2003	Furthermore, suramin, which selectively blocks S1P(3) receptors, inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect of S1P, indicating that S1P(3) receptors account for at least part of S1P-mediated vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.	Suramin	13-20	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
12782194-6	2003	Furthermore, suramin, which selectively blocks S1P(3) receptors, inhibited the vasoconstrictor effect of S1P, indicating that S1P(3) receptors account for at least part of S1P-mediated vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries.	Suramin	13-20	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
12782194-7	2003	In vivo, intracarotid injection of S1P decreased cerebral blood flow, an effect prevented by suramin treatment.	Suramin	93-100	proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
12730151-4	2003	Suramin has been found to inhibit transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression by competitively binding to the growth factor receptor.	Suramin	0-7	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	67-72
12730151-4	2003	Suramin has been found to inhibit transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression by competitively binding to the growth factor receptor.	Suramin	0-7	receptor-like tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	116-138
12606946-7	2003	Other more broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the growth factor/ receptor interaction inhibitor, suramin, also inhibited OPN-induced migration.	Suramin	108-115	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
12569571-0	2003	Inhibition of heparanase activity and heparanase-induced angiogenesis by suramin analogues.	Suramin	73-80	heparanase	Homo sapiens	14-24
12569571-0	2003	Inhibition of heparanase activity and heparanase-induced angiogenesis by suramin analogues.	Suramin	73-80	heparanase	Homo sapiens	38-48
12569571-3	2003	Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, is an inhibitor of heparanase with suramin analogues shown to possess antiangiogenic and antiproliferative properties.	Suramin	0-7	heparanase	Homo sapiens	59-69
12569571-4	2003	We investigated the effects of selected suramin analogues (NF 127, NF 145 and NF 171) on heparanase activity and heparanase-driven angiogenesis.	Suramin	40-47	heparanase	Homo sapiens	89-99
12569571-5	2003	Studies of the ability of cellular extracts and purified heparanase from human, highly invasive and brain-metastatic melanoma (70W) cells revealed that heparanase expressed by these cells was effectively inhibited by suramin analogues in a dose-dependent manner.	Suramin	217-224	heparanase	Homo sapiens	57-67
12569571-5	2003	Studies of the ability of cellular extracts and purified heparanase from human, highly invasive and brain-metastatic melanoma (70W) cells revealed that heparanase expressed by these cells was effectively inhibited by suramin analogues in a dose-dependent manner.	Suramin	217-224	heparanase	Homo sapiens	152-162
12569571-6	2003	These analogues possessed more potent heparanase inhibitory activities than suramin: The concentrations required for 50% heparanase inhibition (IC(50)) were 20-30 microM, or at least 2 times lower than that for suramin.	Suramin	76-83	heparanase	Homo sapiens	121-131
12569571-6	2003	These analogues possessed more potent heparanase inhibitory activities than suramin: The concentrations required for 50% heparanase inhibition (IC(50)) were 20-30 microM, or at least 2 times lower than that for suramin.	Suramin	211-218	heparanase	Homo sapiens	38-48
12569571-11	2003	These results further emphasize the importance of heparanase in invasive and angiogenic mechanisms and the potential clinical application of heparanase inhibitors such as suramin analogues in cancers and angiogenesis-dependent diseases.	Suramin	171-178	heparanase	Homo sapiens	141-151
12234605-7	2002	However, both receptors exhibited differential sensitivity towards the S1P- and lysophosphatidic acid-receptor antagonist, suramin: rS1P(5)-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization was partly inhibited by suramin (IC(50): 5800 microM), whereas hS1P(5) was completely antagonized (IC(50): 130 microM).	Suramin	123-130	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Homo sapiens	247-254
12566084-6	2003	Activation of dCK by UV-C was mimicked by H(2)O(2), markedly counteracted by N-acetylcysteine, a general antioxidant, and completely abolished by the growth factor receptor inhibitor suramin.	Suramin	183-190	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	14-17
12566084-8	2003	Suramin also suppressed the increase in DNA repair synthesis elicited by UV-C irradiation, suggesting that upregulation of dCK activity could contribute to the normal completion of DNA repair synthesis elicited by UV light.	Suramin	0-7	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	123-126
12505158-4	2003	However, the antagonists suramin and NF023 were much less potent at chicken P2X1 receptors than at human P2X1 receptors.	Suramin	25-32	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Gallus gallus	76-80
12505158-4	2003	However, the antagonists suramin and NF023 were much less potent at chicken P2X1 receptors than at human P2X1 receptors.	Suramin	25-32	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Gallus gallus	105-109
12244041-9	2002	Suramin, Cibacron blue 3GA, and apyrase attenuated hypoxia-induced ERK1/2 activation and Egr-1 expression.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	67-73
12244041-9	2002	Suramin, Cibacron blue 3GA, and apyrase attenuated hypoxia-induced ERK1/2 activation and Egr-1 expression.	Suramin	0-7	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
15015640-0	2003	Suramin inhibits the in vitro expression of encephalitis B virus proteins NS3 and E. In this study, the mechanism by which Suramin inhibits the replication of epidemic encephalitis B virus was explored to provide a theoretical basis for its further application in clinical practice.	Suramin	0-7	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	74-77
15015640-0	2003	Suramin inhibits the in vitro expression of encephalitis B virus proteins NS3 and E. In this study, the mechanism by which Suramin inhibits the replication of epidemic encephalitis B virus was explored to provide a theoretical basis for its further application in clinical practice.	Suramin	123-130	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	74-77
15015640-4	2003	It was suggested that expression of encephalitis B virus proteins NS3 and E was notably reduced by Suramin.	Suramin	99-106	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	66-69
14870969-8	2003	Suramin (200 microM) significantly reduced, by approximately 90%, the effects of S1P on ICM and I(Ca), suggesting that most of S1P action occurred via Edg-3Rs.	Suramin	0-7	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	81-84
14870969-8	2003	Suramin (200 microM) significantly reduced, by approximately 90%, the effects of S1P on ICM and I(Ca), suggesting that most of S1P action occurred via Edg-3Rs.	Suramin	0-7	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	127-130
12835512-6	2003	Suramin decreased wave propagation in untreated astrocytes and abrogated the enhancing effect of Abeta on calciumwave amplitude and velocity, indicating a requirement for extracellular ATP in wave propagation.	Suramin	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
12364321-0	2002	Suramin interacts with the calmodulin binding site on the ryanodine receptor, RYR1.	Suramin	0-7	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
12364321-7	2002	Suramin binds directly to a peptide that corresponds to the calmodulin binding site of RYR1 (amino acids 3609-3643) and blocks the interaction of this peptide with both calmodulin and the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit.	Suramin	0-7	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
12364321-7	2002	Suramin binds directly to a peptide that corresponds to the calmodulin binding site of RYR1 (amino acids 3609-3643) and blocks the interaction of this peptide with both calmodulin and the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit.	Suramin	0-7	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	218-239
12364321-9	2002	Together, these results suggest that an interaction between the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit with the calmodulin binding region of RYR1 serves to limit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling and that suramin-induced potentiation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) release involves a relief of this inhibitory interaction.	Suramin	261-268	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	94-115
12364321-9	2002	Together, these results suggest that an interaction between the carboxyl-terminal tail of the DHPR alpha(1)-subunit with the calmodulin binding region of RYR1 serves to limit sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release during excitation-contraction coupling and that suramin-induced potentiation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) release involves a relief of this inhibitory interaction.	Suramin	261-268	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
12359306-7	2002	Calmodulin binding was also inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	41-48	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
12507217-6	2002	The EMD induction of DNA synthesis and activation of ERK 1/2 were diminished by pretreatment with suramin, an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK).	Suramin	98-105	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	53-60
12234605-7	2002	However, both receptors exhibited differential sensitivity towards the S1P- and lysophosphatidic acid-receptor antagonist, suramin: rS1P(5)-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization was partly inhibited by suramin (IC(50): 5800 microM), whereas hS1P(5) was completely antagonized (IC(50): 130 microM).	Suramin	208-215	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Homo sapiens	247-254
12237343-8	2002	For P2 receptor antagonists, the potency order at rP2X(5) was pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS) > 2",3"-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)ATP (TNP-ATP) > suramin > reactive blue 2 (RB-2) > diinosine pentaphosphate (Ip(5)I).	Suramin	180-187	purinergic receptor P2X 5	Rattus norvegicus	50-57
12110545-3	2002	The in vitro GLUT4 transfer was activated and inhibited by suramin and 1,10-phenanthroline (an activator and an inhibitor of GPI-PLD activity, respectively).	Suramin	59-66	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
12177096-12	2002	CONCLUSION: Although high-dose suramin was associated with higher objective and PSA response rates, these were not statistically significant.	Suramin	31-38	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	80-83
12616995-6	2002	The Cam response to 10 microM UTP was attenuated approximately 50% by the nucleotide receptor antagonists (10 and 100 microM), suramin, reactive blue 2, and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonoic acid (PPADS).	Suramin	127-134	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	4-7
11997251-7	2002	Involvement of EdgRs was tested with suramin (specific inhibitor of Edg-3).	Suramin	37-44	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	68-73
12055130-8	2002	In addition, suramin, a putative P2Y(2) receptor antagonist, and pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of G(i)/G(o) activation, markedly block ATP- and UTP-induced PKB phosphorylation.	Suramin	13-20	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
12099581-8	2002	Aside from moderate toxicities and the low therapeutic index in patients with prostate cancer, suramin"s development has taught us some valuable lessons (i.e., anti-androgen withdrawal was noted during suramin"s development, the use of PSA as an indicator of tumor burden was initiated during the evaluation of suramin).	Suramin	95-102	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	236-239
11934835-9	2002	Moreover, suramin, a specific antagonist of rat P2Y(2) receptor, acted as an inhibitor of UTP-induced migration.	Suramin	10-17	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
12065659-2	2002	The up-regulation of endogenous TH protein or a transfected TH promoter-luciferase construct by AII, veratridine, or PMA (but not by forskolin) is abolished by transfection with a dominant negative FGFR1TK-mutant which localizes to the nucleus and plasma membrane, but not by extracellularly acting FGFR1 antagonists suramin and inositolhexakisphosphate (IP6).	Suramin	317-324	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	32-34
12065659-2	2002	The up-regulation of endogenous TH protein or a transfected TH promoter-luciferase construct by AII, veratridine, or PMA (but not by forskolin) is abolished by transfection with a dominant negative FGFR1TK-mutant which localizes to the nucleus and plasma membrane, but not by extracellularly acting FGFR1 antagonists suramin and inositolhexakisphosphate (IP6).	Suramin	317-324	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	60-62
12065659-2	2002	The up-regulation of endogenous TH protein or a transfected TH promoter-luciferase construct by AII, veratridine, or PMA (but not by forskolin) is abolished by transfection with a dominant negative FGFR1TK-mutant which localizes to the nucleus and plasma membrane, but not by extracellularly acting FGFR1 antagonists suramin and inositolhexakisphosphate (IP6).	Suramin	317-324	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	96-99
12065659-2	2002	The up-regulation of endogenous TH protein or a transfected TH promoter-luciferase construct by AII, veratridine, or PMA (but not by forskolin) is abolished by transfection with a dominant negative FGFR1TK-mutant which localizes to the nucleus and plasma membrane, but not by extracellularly acting FGFR1 antagonists suramin and inositolhexakisphosphate (IP6).	Suramin	317-324	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Homo sapiens	198-203
11954955-7	2002	The serum level of interleukin-10 on day 15 was significantly increased by suramin treatment.	Suramin	75-82	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	19-33
11954955-9	2002	Suramin suppressed myocardial inflammation in EAM and was associated with modulation of the Th1/Th2 cytokine milieu and reduced TGF-beta1 expression in the heart.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-137
11909821-5	2002	The effects of D-glucose and nucleotides on the number and activity of hENT1 and hENT1 mRNA were blocked by reactive blue 2 (nonspecific P2Y purinoceptor antagonist), suramin (Galpha(s) protein inhibitor), or hexokinase but not by pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (nonselective P2 purinoceptor antagonist).	Suramin	167-174	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-76
11909821-5	2002	The effects of D-glucose and nucleotides on the number and activity of hENT1 and hENT1 mRNA were blocked by reactive blue 2 (nonspecific P2Y purinoceptor antagonist), suramin (Galpha(s) protein inhibitor), or hexokinase but not by pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (nonselective P2 purinoceptor antagonist).	Suramin	167-174	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-86
11641267-4	2001	ROS generation by ATP was inhibited by the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonylfluoride (AEBSF), as well as by the Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors indomethacin and methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP).	Suramin	66-73	phospholipase A2 group V	Homo sapiens	269-300
12468391-3	2002	Suramin decreased the release of radiolabelled AA and 5-lipoxygenase metabolites by [(14)C-AA]-prelabelled PMNs stimulated with A23187, with and without human serum albumin (HSA) in the culture medium.	Suramin	0-7	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	54-68
11730915-8	2002	A polysulphonated anticancer drug, suramin, has been shown to bind strongly to proacrosin/acrosin and to inhibit sperm-egg binding in vitro.	Suramin	35-42	acrosin prepropeptide	Mus musculus	82-89
11862328-0	2002	Biased inhibition by a suramin analogue of A1-adenosine receptor/G protein coupling in fused receptor/G protein tandems: the A1-adenosine receptor is predominantly coupled to Goalpha in human brain.	Suramin	23-30	tripartite motif containing 47	Homo sapiens	175-182
11983326-5	2002	An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that an application of UTP (100 microM) significantly stimulated the release of CGRP and that suramin (100 microM) totally abolished the response, suggesting that P2Y receptor-mediated increase in intracellular Ca(2+) is accompanied by CGRP release from dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	138-145	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	280-284
11604390-4	2001	We report that molecules that interfere with ligand binding to LRP, such as the receptor-associated protein (RAP), suramin, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, or lactoferrin, inhibit HDL-CE selective uptake by human primary adipocytes and SW872 liposarcoma cells by 35-50%.	Suramin	115-122	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
11920877-6	2002	Affinity capillary electrophoresis experiments have been also carried out under nondenaturing conditions to assess the affinity of copper and suramin to either the native form or the conformational intermediate of full-length beta(2)-microglobulin.	Suramin	142-149	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	226-247
11806921-0	2002	Suramin affects coupling of rhodopsin to transducin.	Suramin	0-7	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	28-37
11806921-3	2002	Here, we have investigated the influence of suramin on coupling of bovine rhodopsin to G(t), where G-protein activation and receptor structure can be monitored by spectroscopic in vitro assays.	Suramin	44-51	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	74-83
11806921-4	2002	G(t) fluorescence changes in response to rhodopsin-catalyzed nucleotide exchange reveal that suramin inhibits G(t) activation by slowing down the rate of complex formation between metarhodopsin-II and G(t).	Suramin	93-100	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	41-50
11882585-4	2002	The pressure-induced increases in oxidative stress observed appear to involve phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase C (PKC), inasmuch as the indirect PLD inhibitor suramin, at 100 micromol/L, and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, at 1 micromol/L, completely blocked the increase in angiotensin II--mediated oxidative stress induced by pressure.	Suramin	167-174	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	78-93
11882585-4	2002	The pressure-induced increases in oxidative stress observed appear to involve phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase C (PKC), inasmuch as the indirect PLD inhibitor suramin, at 100 micromol/L, and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, at 1 micromol/L, completely blocked the increase in angiotensin II--mediated oxidative stress induced by pressure.	Suramin	167-174	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	95-98
11882585-4	2002	The pressure-induced increases in oxidative stress observed appear to involve phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase C (PKC), inasmuch as the indirect PLD inhibitor suramin, at 100 micromol/L, and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, at 1 micromol/L, completely blocked the increase in angiotensin II--mediated oxidative stress induced by pressure.	Suramin	167-174	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	153-156
11882585-4	2002	The pressure-induced increases in oxidative stress observed appear to involve phospholipase D (PLD) and protein kinase C (PKC), inasmuch as the indirect PLD inhibitor suramin, at 100 micromol/L, and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, at 1 micromol/L, completely blocked the increase in angiotensin II--mediated oxidative stress induced by pressure.	Suramin	167-174	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	284-298
11641267-4	2001	ROS generation by ATP was inhibited by the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, by the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI) and 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonylfluoride (AEBSF), as well as by the Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors indomethacin and methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP).	Suramin	66-73	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	302-306
11410521-8	2001	Analysis of the proliferation rate and of apoptosis revealed that alphaIR3 MAb and suramin significantly enhanced the G(1)-phase rate induced by doxorubicin, without substantially affecting doxorubicin-G(2)-M-blockage of cell cycle, and significantly increased the induction of apoptosis, which confirmed that the specific blockage of IGF-IR deprives ES cells of an important tool for the prevention of drug-induced apoptosis.	Suramin	83-90	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	335-341
11739644-6	2001	Structurally relevant sulphated polymers and suramin, a polysulphonated anticancer drug, compete with mZP2 for complementary binding sites on proacrosin/acrosin in solid-phase binding assays.	Suramin	45-52	zona pellucida glycoprotein 2	Mus musculus	102-106
11739644-6	2001	Structurally relevant sulphated polymers and suramin, a polysulphonated anticancer drug, compete with mZP2 for complementary binding sites on proacrosin/acrosin in solid-phase binding assays.	Suramin	45-52	acrosin prepropeptide	Mus musculus	145-152
11390464-1	2001	Recently, it has been shown that ATP and TNF-alpha synergize in the activation and maturation of human dendritic cells (DC); the effect of ATP was reproduced by hydrolysis-resistant derivatives of ATP and was blocked by suramin, suggesting the involvement of a P2 receptor, but the particular subtype involved was not identified.	Suramin	220-227	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-50
11804031-10	2001	Treatment of chick embryos with suramin (200 nmole/culture) also modulated the expression of Brachyuryand noggin within a 2 h period.	Suramin	32-39	noggin	Gallus gallus	106-112
11544330-5	2001	Moreover, it forms a stable complex with the PTPase: in vitro inhibition of SHP-1 by the drug was not removed by a washing process effective in relieving the inhibition of SHP-1 by the reversible inhibitor suramin.	Suramin	206-213	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Mus musculus	76-81
11544330-5	2001	Moreover, it forms a stable complex with the PTPase: in vitro inhibition of SHP-1 by the drug was not removed by a washing process effective in relieving the inhibition of SHP-1 by the reversible inhibitor suramin.	Suramin	206-213	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Mus musculus	172-177
11549724-12	2001	Suramin, a wide-spectrum purinergic receptor antagonist, significantly depressed the rapid (3 hr) trauma-induced increase in MCP-1 mRNA.	Suramin	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	125-130
11473364-9	2001	Most likely this was due to the presence of a suramin-insensitive intracellular PDGFR pool that allowed activation of PI3K located in intracellular compartments.	Suramin	46-53	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	80-85
11518760-8	2001	In solid-phase assays, heparin, suramin, and chondroitin sulfates A and B efficiently inhibited the binding of apoE to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, but were unable to displace apoE from this glycosaminoglycan.	Suramin	32-39	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	111-115
11518760-9	2001	Finally, decreasing cell surface apoE with suramin subsequently decreased the apoE content on secreted apoB-containing lipoproteins without affecting the overall secretion of apoE or apoB to the extracellular medium.	Suramin	43-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	33-37
11518760-9	2001	Finally, decreasing cell surface apoE with suramin subsequently decreased the apoE content on secreted apoB-containing lipoproteins without affecting the overall secretion of apoE or apoB to the extracellular medium.	Suramin	43-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	78-82
11518760-9	2001	Finally, decreasing cell surface apoE with suramin subsequently decreased the apoE content on secreted apoB-containing lipoproteins without affecting the overall secretion of apoE or apoB to the extracellular medium.	Suramin	43-50	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	103-107
11518760-9	2001	Finally, decreasing cell surface apoE with suramin subsequently decreased the apoE content on secreted apoB-containing lipoproteins without affecting the overall secretion of apoE or apoB to the extracellular medium.	Suramin	43-50	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	78-82
11517241-5	2001	Furthermore, the EPSCs evoked by dorsal root stimulation were potentiated by alphabetam-ATP as well as by the ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL67156 and were depressed in the presence of P2 receptor antagonists PPADS (10 microm) and suramin (5 microm).	Suramin	225-232	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-121
11507065-1	2001	We recently reported that acidic (aFGF) and basic (bFGF) fibroblast growth factors confer a broad spectrum chemoresistance in solid tumors, and that suramin, an inhibitor of multiple growth factors including aFGF and bFGF, enhanced the in vitro antitumor activity of several anticancer drugs including paclitaxel (Song, S., et al., Proc.	Suramin	149-156	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
11507065-1	2001	We recently reported that acidic (aFGF) and basic (bFGF) fibroblast growth factors confer a broad spectrum chemoresistance in solid tumors, and that suramin, an inhibitor of multiple growth factors including aFGF and bFGF, enhanced the in vitro antitumor activity of several anticancer drugs including paclitaxel (Song, S., et al., Proc.	Suramin	149-156	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	217-221
11410521-10	2001	In conclusion, we showed that, in ES, the blockage of IGF-IR by a neutralizing MAb or by suramin may greatly potentiate the antitumor activity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.	Suramin	89-96	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	54-60
11866977-6	2001	An MEK inhibitor PD 98059 failed to inhibit ATP-induced p38 activation, while p38 inhibitor SB 203580 and P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin effectively inhibited activation of p38, the inhibition rate being 1E8 83% and 79%, 2B4 81% and 69%.	Suramin	133-140	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	106-121
11339821-5	2001	Pretreatment of p53(-/-) cells with suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor receptors, completely suppressed UV-induced EGR-1 expression, suggesting that the induction may be mediated via the growth factor receptors.	Suramin	36-43	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	16-19
11456408-8	2001	These findings indicate that suramin induces pleiotropic effects on the histoarchitecture of the chicken neural retina in organ culture and suggest that FGF-2 is one of the biological modulators involved in the maintenance of the structural organization of the chicken neural retina.	Suramin	29-36	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	153-158
11339821-5	2001	Pretreatment of p53(-/-) cells with suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor receptors, completely suppressed UV-induced EGR-1 expression, suggesting that the induction may be mediated via the growth factor receptors.	Suramin	36-43	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	119-124
11310789-7	2001	These responses of ERK1/2 to UVA irradiation were markedly inhibited when cells were pre-treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, an antioxidant, or with suramin, a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor.	Suramin	147-154	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	19-25
11311147-0	2001	Suramin and the suramin analogue NF307 discriminate among calmodulin-binding sites.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-68
11311147-0	2001	Suramin and the suramin analogue NF307 discriminate among calmodulin-binding sites.	Suramin	16-23	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-68
11311147-2	2001	Suramin and its analogue NF307 inhibit the interaction of calmodulin with the ryanodine receptor.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	58-68
11311147-4	2001	Suramin inhibited binding of [(125)I]calmodulin to porcine brain membranes and to sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle (IC(50)=4.9+/-1.2 microM and 19.9+/-1.8 microM, respectively) and blocked the cross-linking of [(125)I]calmodulin to some, but not all, target proteins in brain membranes by [(125)I]calmodulin.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-47
11311147-4	2001	Suramin inhibited binding of [(125)I]calmodulin to porcine brain membranes and to sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle (IC(50)=4.9+/-1.2 microM and 19.9+/-1.8 microM, respectively) and blocked the cross-linking of [(125)I]calmodulin to some, but not all, target proteins in brain membranes by [(125)I]calmodulin.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	229-239
11311147-4	2001	Suramin inhibited binding of [(125)I]calmodulin to porcine brain membranes and to sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle (IC(50)=4.9+/-1.2 microM and 19.9+/-1.8 microM, respectively) and blocked the cross-linking of [(125)I]calmodulin to some, but not all, target proteins in brain membranes by [(125)I]calmodulin.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	229-239
11311147-7	2001	Nevertheless, suramin and NF307 only blocked the binding of Gbetagamma and RyR1 to calmodulin-Sepharose.	Suramin	14-21	ryanodine receptor 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	75-79
11311147-7	2001	Nevertheless, suramin and NF307 only blocked the binding of Gbetagamma and RyR1 to calmodulin-Sepharose.	Suramin	14-21	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	83-93
11311147-9	2001	Thus suramin and NF307 are prototypes of a new class of calmodulin antagonists that do not interact directly with calmodulin but with calmodulin-recognition sites.	Suramin	5-12	calmodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-66
11290369-5	2001	In 1321N1 transfected cells, the mouse P2Y4 receptor was equally activated by UTP and ATP, and was antagonized by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonic acid (PPADS) and Reactive Blue 2, and not by suramin.	Suramin	209-216	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	39-52
11289110-6	2001	In addition, Akt activation by hypoxia was resistant to treatment with the growth factor receptor poison suramin but was sensitive to treatment with the PI 3-K inhibitor wortmannin.	Suramin	105-112	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
11087266-4	2000	Fewer cells were involved in intercellular Ca(2+) signaling in both wild-type and Cx43-null cultures in the presence of suramin, a P(2)-receptor blocker; blockage was more effective in Cx43-null than in wild-type cells.	Suramin	120-127	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	82-86
11374584-8	2001	However, it was blocked by suramin, a P2 ATP receptor antagonist, and this has prompted us to speculate that the precursor proteins to beta amyloid and amylin may be substrates or receptors for ATP in vivo.	Suramin	27-34	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	152-158
11005808-9	2000	Furthermore, pretreatment with suramin, generally recognized as a broad range inhibitor of growth factor receptors, inhibited both okadaic acid-stimulated and heat shock-stimulated ERK MAPK activity by >40%.	Suramin	31-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
11005808-9	2000	Furthermore, pretreatment with suramin, generally recognized as a broad range inhibitor of growth factor receptors, inhibited both okadaic acid-stimulated and heat shock-stimulated ERK MAPK activity by >40%.	Suramin	31-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	185-189
11230472-3	2001	The purpose of this study was to determine whether posttreatment declines in PSA were associated with clinical measures of improvement in a randomized phase III trial of suramin plus hydrocortisone versus placebo plus hydrocortisone.	Suramin	170-177	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	77-80
11230472-9	2001	RESULTS: A decline in PSA of > or = 50% lasting > or = 28 days was significantly associated with a prolonged median overall survival, OPFS, and TTPP, both in the entire group and the suramin plus hydrocortisone group at all three landmarks in both univariate and multivariate analysis.	Suramin	189-196	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	22-25
11230472-10	2001	CONCLUSION: In this prospective, randomized trial of suramin plus hydrocortisone versus placebo plus hydrocortisone, a posttherapy decline in PSA of > or = 50%, lasting 28 days, was associated with prolonged median overall survival, improved median progression-free survival, and median TTPP.	Suramin	53-60	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	142-145
11243730-8	2001	To further examine the possible mechanism of GSL accumulation in MPS IIID brains, we employed a cell culture model using suramin-treated neuronal cultures of differentiated P19 cells.	Suramin	121-128	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	45-48
11243730-10	2001	Metabolic pulse-chase labeling study revealed that the GSL accumulation in suramin-treated cells may be attributed to both disturbed biosynthesis and significantly slower degradation of GSLs.	Suramin	75-82	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	55-58
11798872-6	2001	The activation of ERK1/2 by ATP was blocked by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin with an inhibitory rate of 82% +/- 9% for 1E8 and an inhibitory rate of 81% +/- 6% for 2B4.	Suramin	79-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-24
11798872-6	2001	The activation of ERK1/2 by ATP was blocked by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin with an inhibitory rate of 82% +/- 9% for 1E8 and an inhibitory rate of 81% +/- 6% for 2B4.	Suramin	79-86	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	51-66
11056155-9	2001	Since HUVECs reportedly express the Sph-1-P receptors EDG-1 (coupled with G(i)) and EDG-3 (coupled with G(13) and G(q)) and the EDG-3 antagonist suramin was found to block specifically Rho-mediated responses, it is likely that Cas-related responses following G(i) activation originate from EDG-1, whereas Rho-related responses originate from EDG-3.	Suramin	145-152	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
11056155-9	2001	Since HUVECs reportedly express the Sph-1-P receptors EDG-1 (coupled with G(i)) and EDG-3 (coupled with G(13) and G(q)) and the EDG-3 antagonist suramin was found to block specifically Rho-mediated responses, it is likely that Cas-related responses following G(i) activation originate from EDG-1, whereas Rho-related responses originate from EDG-3.	Suramin	145-152	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
11110783-0	2001	N-unsubstituted glucosamine in heparan sulfate of recycling glypican-1 from suramin-treated and nitrite-deprived endothelial cells.	Suramin	76-83	glypican 1	Homo sapiens	60-70
11160634-10	2001	Suramin, an antagonist that blocks P2Y2 receptors, partly inhibited ATP- and UTP-induced contractions of veins.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
11087266-4	2000	Fewer cells were involved in intercellular Ca(2+) signaling in both wild-type and Cx43-null cultures in the presence of suramin, a P(2)-receptor blocker; blockage was more effective in Cx43-null than in wild-type cells.	Suramin	120-127	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	185-189
11082128-16	2000	The P2Y(2) antagonist suramin completely blocked the response to ATP and inhibited the response to UTP by 66%.	Suramin	22-29	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
11220489-5	2000	Addition of the non-subtype selective purinergic receptor antagonist, suramin, abrogated the effects of ATP on [Ca2+]i and migration.	Suramin	70-77	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
11106002-1	2000	Since transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is presumed to play a role in lung fibrosis, we evaluated the effect of suramin (Sur), a substance with an anti-TGF-beta effect, in vivo on bleomycin (Bleo)-induced pulmonary injury in mice and in vitro on human lung fibroblasts.	Suramin	121-128	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 8	Mus musculus	130-133
11106002-1	2000	Since transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is presumed to play a role in lung fibrosis, we evaluated the effect of suramin (Sur), a substance with an anti-TGF-beta effect, in vivo on bleomycin (Bleo)-induced pulmonary injury in mice and in vitro on human lung fibroblasts.	Suramin	121-128	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	161-169
10900194-2	2000	The present results show that glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C, and sulfated compounds such as suramin and pentosan efficiently extract TIMP-3 from the postpartum rat uterus.	Suramin	148-155	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Rattus norvegicus	189-195
10998561-4	2000	Suramin (100 microM) effectively protected both cultured cerebellar neurons and NB-2a cells against cell death, which appeared as the inhibition of caspase 3-like activity in NB-2a cells, abrogation of both HMW- and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and maintaining the nuclear morphology indistinguishable of the control cells.	Suramin	0-7	caspase 3	Mus musculus	148-157
10974322-7	2000	The P2-purinoceptor antagonists suramin and PPADS blocked the Ap(4) effect.	Suramin	32-39	replication initiator 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
11038302-5	2000	The ATP-induced c-fos increment was inhibited by three P(2Y) receptor antagonists-suramin, reactive blue, and DIDS-by 99+/-3, 89+/-7, and 61+/-14%, respectively.	Suramin	82-89	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	4-7
11038302-5	2000	The ATP-induced c-fos increment was inhibited by three P(2Y) receptor antagonists-suramin, reactive blue, and DIDS-by 99+/-3, 89+/-7, and 61+/-14%, respectively.	Suramin	82-89	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
10942601-6	2000	Preincubation of carcinoma cells with suramin decreased EGFR activation and downregulated Met expression as well as the ligand-independent phosphorylation of Met.	Suramin	38-45	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	56-60
10963748-0	2000	The suramin analogue NF279 is a novel and potent antagonist selective for the P2X(1) receptor.	Suramin	4-11	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
10928968-6	2000	Cumulative relaxations to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.1-100 nM), and to the VIP analogue pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide 1-27 (PACAP; 0.2-100 nM), were almost completely abolished by alpha-chymotrypsin (1 u ml(-1)), and were inhibited by suramin (3-200 microM) in an apparently competitive manner.	Suramin	263-270	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-150
10928968-7	2000	Schild plot analysis indicated that suramin had pA(2) values of 5.1+/-0.2 (Hill slope=0.9+/-0.2) and 5.6+/-0.1 (Hill slope=1.0+/-0.1), against VIP and PACAP, respectively.	Suramin	36-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
10928968-7	2000	Schild plot analysis indicated that suramin had pA(2) values of 5.1+/-0.2 (Hill slope=0.9+/-0.2) and 5.6+/-0.1 (Hill slope=1.0+/-0.1), against VIP and PACAP, respectively.	Suramin	36-43	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
10928968-10	2000	The results suggest that suramin acts as a competitive antagonist at VIP receptors in the rat gastric fundus.	Suramin	25-32	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
10900049-5	2000	Phosphorylation of the MP was decreased by addition of kinase inhibitors such as heparin, suramin and quercetin, which are known to be effective for casein kinase II (CK II).	Suramin	90-97	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	149-165
10900049-5	2000	Phosphorylation of the MP was decreased by addition of kinase inhibitors such as heparin, suramin and quercetin, which are known to be effective for casein kinase II (CK II).	Suramin	90-97	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
10884313-4	2000	Pretreatment of astrocytes with P2 receptor antagonists, including suramin and periodate oxidized ATP (oATP), resulted in a significant downregulation of IL-1beta-stimulated expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), and IL-6 at both the protein and mRNA levels, without affecting cell viability.	Suramin	67-74	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	154-162
10884313-4	2000	Pretreatment of astrocytes with P2 receptor antagonists, including suramin and periodate oxidized ATP (oATP), resulted in a significant downregulation of IL-1beta-stimulated expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), and IL-6 at both the protein and mRNA levels, without affecting cell viability.	Suramin	67-74	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	225-233
10884313-4	2000	Pretreatment of astrocytes with P2 receptor antagonists, including suramin and periodate oxidized ATP (oATP), resulted in a significant downregulation of IL-1beta-stimulated expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha), and IL-6 at both the protein and mRNA levels, without affecting cell viability.	Suramin	67-74	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	240-244
10896718-10	2000	ATP- and UTP-induced rises in [Ca2+]i were completely and reversibly blocked by 10 microM PPADS (a P2 purinoceptor antagonist) and partially inhibited by 100 microM suramin (a relatively non-specific purinoceptor antagonist).	Suramin	165-172	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
10884506-4	2000	Suramin induced HUVEC to accumulate in G1-phase as an increase of the number of cells expressing both cyclin D(1) and PCNA was observed.	Suramin	0-7	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	102-113
10884506-4	2000	Suramin induced HUVEC to accumulate in G1-phase as an increase of the number of cells expressing both cyclin D(1) and PCNA was observed.	Suramin	0-7	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	118-122
10864944-9	2000	Thus, the rP2X(2/6) receptor is a functionally modified P2X(2)-like receptor with a distinct pattern of pH modulation of ATP activation and suramin blockade.	Suramin	140-147	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
10861758-0	2000	Suramin potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of PSM.	Suramin	0-7	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
10861758-5	2000	METHODS: Using a NAAG hydrolytic radioenzymatic assay, we tested whether suramin had any effect on the enzymatic activity of PSM.	Suramin	73-80	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
10861758-6	2000	RESULTS: We demonstrate that suramin potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of PSM with a K(i) = 15 nM and 68 nM for the membrane-associated and soluble forms of PSM, respectively.	Suramin	29-36	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
10861758-6	2000	RESULTS: We demonstrate that suramin potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of PSM with a K(i) = 15 nM and 68 nM for the membrane-associated and soluble forms of PSM, respectively.	Suramin	29-36	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
10861758-7	2000	In addition, we show that suramin inhibition of PSM enzyme activity displays the kinetics of a classic competitive inhibitor.	Suramin	26-33	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
10908314-8	2000	Moreover, activation of I(K.ACh) by SPP was blocked by the Edg-3-selective antagonist suramin, which did not affect basal or carbachol-stimulated K(+) currents.	Suramin	86-93	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	59-64
10890892-8	2000	We further showed that an inhibitor of aFGF/bFGF (suramin) enhanced the in vitro and in vivo activity of chemotherapy, resulting in shrinkage and eradication of well established human lung metastases in mice without enhancing toxicity.	Suramin	50-57	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
10890892-8	2000	We further showed that an inhibitor of aFGF/bFGF (suramin) enhanced the in vitro and in vivo activity of chemotherapy, resulting in shrinkage and eradication of well established human lung metastases in mice without enhancing toxicity.	Suramin	50-57	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
10825445-3	2000	P2-antagonists and diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A) progressively and non-competitively inhibited ecto-ATPase activity with the following rank order of inhibitory potency: suramin (pIC(50), 4.570)>Reactive blue 2 (4.297)&z.Gt;Ap(4)A (3.	Suramin	175-182	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-112
10825445-7	2000	A similar pattern of sequential [(3)H]ATP dephosphorylation still occurs in the presence of ecto-ATPase inhibitors suramin, Ap(4)A and PPADS, but the appearance of the ultimate reaction product, adenosine, was significantly delayed.	Suramin	115-122	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-103
10806325-5	2000	Our data, together with the observation that the depolarizing effects of ATP are retained after preincubation with 100 microM suramin, an antagonist of P2-purinoceptors, suggest that ATP plays a role in IL-1beta secretion by T98G but its effects do not occur through P2-purinoceptors.	Suramin	126-133	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	203-211
10836098-4	2000	In this study we aimed to verify this hypothesis by evaluating the presence of mRNA of EGF and EGF receptor (EGF-R) and of their translation products in U285 cells, before and after the treatment with suramin and exogenous EGF.	Suramin	201-208	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	95-114
10877607-4	2000	Separate experiments showed that all three NK1 receptor agonists caused contraction of the circular muscle, which was enhanced by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (300 mM) and the P2X purinoceptor antagonist suramin (300 mM).	Suramin	234-241	substance-P receptor	Cavia porcellus	43-55
10704341-7	2000	The cell death program was also inhibited by SDF-1alpha, the natural ligand of CXCR4, and by suramin, a G protein inhibitor that binds with a high affinity to the V3 loop of HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein.	Suramin	93-100	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
10688987-5	2000	In contrast, the purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (100 microM), blocked the hyperpolarization caused by PACAP and VIP but failed to change their mechanical inhibitory effects.	Suramin	42-49	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
10688987-5	2000	In contrast, the purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (100 microM), blocked the hyperpolarization caused by PACAP and VIP but failed to change their mechanical inhibitory effects.	Suramin	42-49	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
10683201-9	2000	This sensitivity of ATP and UTP responses to suramin suggests action through P2Y(2) rather than P2Y(4) receptors.	Suramin	45-52	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
10669049-0	1999	Inhibition of human chymase by suramin.	Suramin	31-38	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	20-27
10834498-5	2000	RESULTS: Suramin exerted a strong attenuating effect on the proliferation stimulators HWBS, PDGF, and bFGF.	Suramin	9-16	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
10711362-12	2000	In addition, the extracellular nucleotide-mediated effect on p38-MAPK was almost completely blocked by 1 mM of suramin, a putative P2-purinoceptor antagonist.	Suramin	111-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	61-64
10711362-12	2000	In addition, the extracellular nucleotide-mediated effect on p38-MAPK was almost completely blocked by 1 mM of suramin, a putative P2-purinoceptor antagonist.	Suramin	111-118	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	131-146
10648642-10	2000	Mitogenic response to bFGF by NIH 3T3 cells saturated at 0.5 ng/ml, as measured by (3)H-thymidine uptake, and this response was blocked by coaddition of suramin, an inhibitor of FGF ligand-receptor interactions.	Suramin	153-160	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	22-26
10650169-0	2000	Antagonism by the suramin analogue NF279 on human P2X(1) and P2X(7) receptors.	Suramin	18-25	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
10650169-0	2000	Antagonism by the suramin analogue NF279 on human P2X(1) and P2X(7) receptors.	Suramin	18-25	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	61-67
11741218-10	2000	Docking suramin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (not present in FCD) yielded a good fit into the ATP binding site of GRK2 over cAPK.	Suramin	8-15	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
11741218-11	2000	Suramin did inhibit GRK2 with IC50 32 microM (pA26.39 for competitive inhibition of ATP).	Suramin	0-7	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
11741218-12	2000	Suramin congeners with fewer sulfonic acid residues (NF062, NF503 [IC50 14 microM]) or representing half of the suramin molecule (NF520) also inhibited GRK2 as predicted by docking.	Suramin	0-7	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
11741218-12	2000	Suramin congeners with fewer sulfonic acid residues (NF062, NF503 [IC50 14 microM]) or representing half of the suramin molecule (NF520) also inhibited GRK2 as predicted by docking.	Suramin	112-119	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
11741218-13	2000	In conclusion, suramin and analogues are lead compounds in the development of more potent and selective inhibitors of GRK2.	Suramin	15-22	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
10836147-5	2000	Homomeric P2X4 receptors are much less sensitive to antagonism by suramin and pyridoxal 5-phosphate-6-azo-2",4"-disulfonic acid.	Suramin	66-73	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
10594925-6	2000	MBP-induced proliferation was inhibited by suramin at concentrations known to block the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), whereas neither MBP(1-44), MBP(88-151) nor MBP(152-167) were affected.	Suramin	43-50	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
10669084-7	1999	Suramin displayed non-competitive inhibition of ecto-ATPase whereas the inhibitory effects of ATPgammaS and Reactive blue 2 were curvilinear on Dixon plots.	Suramin	0-7	CEA cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-59
10841271-4	1999	Suramin decreased the release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (AA) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolites by prelabeled PMN stimulated with A23187.	Suramin	0-7	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	72-86
10527936-10	1999	Furthermore, pre-treatment with suramin or reactive blue almost completely prevented the hypo-osmotic activation of Erk-1/2.	Suramin	32-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	116-123
10491158-1	1999	Suramin, a known inhibitor of ATP binding enzymes with six negatively charged sulfonic acid groups, stimulated the ATPase activity of the multiple drug resistance transporter Mdr1 in low concentrations by acting as a substrate and by increasing the affinity for both verapamil and ATP.	Suramin	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
10551285-0	1999	Potent inhibition of the CFTR chloride channel by suramin.	Suramin	50-57	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	25-29
10551285-4	1999	Suramin inhibited I(CFTR) with an IC50 value of 1 microM and a Hill coefficient close to 1; the inhibition showed little voltage dependence and was easily reversed upon washout of the drug.	Suramin	0-7	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	20-24
10551285-7	1999	The data show that suramin is the most potent inhibitor of CFTR yet described and suggest that the compound approaches its site of action from the cytosol.	Suramin	19-26	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	59-63
10669049-2	1999	In the present study, we demonstrated that suramin, a hexasulfonated naphthylurea used as an anti-cancer drug, inhibits the activity of purified human chymase in vitro.	Suramin	43-50	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	151-158
10669049-4	1999	It was observed that suramin competed with heparin-Sepharose gel for binding to chymase and the inhibition of chymase activity by suramin was partially impaired by heparin.	Suramin	21-28	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
10669049-4	1999	It was observed that suramin competed with heparin-Sepharose gel for binding to chymase and the inhibition of chymase activity by suramin was partially impaired by heparin.	Suramin	21-28	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	110-117
10669049-4	1999	It was observed that suramin competed with heparin-Sepharose gel for binding to chymase and the inhibition of chymase activity by suramin was partially impaired by heparin.	Suramin	130-137	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	80-87
10669049-4	1999	It was observed that suramin competed with heparin-Sepharose gel for binding to chymase and the inhibition of chymase activity by suramin was partially impaired by heparin.	Suramin	130-137	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	110-117
10669049-5	1999	Our results show that suramin may become a prototype of a new type of chymase inhibitor because of its unique character.	Suramin	22-29	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
10449196-7	1999	Evans blue and trypan blue inhibited TNF-alpha/p55 binding with an IC50 of 0.75 and 1.00 mM, respectively (suramin IC50: 0.65 mM); no effect was observed with the other molecules.	Suramin	107-114	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	47-50
10464250-7	1999	Suramin, a growth factor receptor antagonist, completely abolished ERK activation, significantly blocked MKP-1 expression, but not JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK activation, in response to mechanical stress.	Suramin	0-7	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
10449196-0	1999	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/TNF-alpha receptor binding by structural analogues of suramin.	Suramin	108-115	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-41
10449196-0	1999	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/TNF-alpha receptor binding by structural analogues of suramin.	Suramin	108-115	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
10449196-8	1999	Molecular modeling analyses on Evans blue and trypan blue docked into the TNF-alpha molecule support these experimental results by demonstrating that these compounds share with suramin a similar binding mode to TNF-alpha.	Suramin	177-184	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
10449196-0	1999	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/TNF-alpha receptor binding by structural analogues of suramin.	Suramin	108-115	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-63
10449196-1	1999	Suramin, a symmetrical polysulfonated urea derivative, promotes the dissociation of trimeric human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) into biologically inactive subunits and prevents the interaction of TNF-alpha with its cellular receptors.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-126
10449196-8	1999	Molecular modeling analyses on Evans blue and trypan blue docked into the TNF-alpha molecule support these experimental results by demonstrating that these compounds share with suramin a similar binding mode to TNF-alpha.	Suramin	177-184	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	211-220
10449196-1	1999	Suramin, a symmetrical polysulfonated urea derivative, promotes the dissociation of trimeric human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) into biologically inactive subunits and prevents the interaction of TNF-alpha with its cellular receptors.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
10449196-1	1999	Suramin, a symmetrical polysulfonated urea derivative, promotes the dissociation of trimeric human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) into biologically inactive subunits and prevents the interaction of TNF-alpha with its cellular receptors.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-216
10458724-2	1999	METHODS AND RESULTS: We described a mouse model of venous bypass graft arteriosclerosis that can be effectively retarded by locally applied suramin, a growth factor receptor antagonist.	Suramin	140-147	receptor-like tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	151-173
10449196-2	1999	The aim of this work was to identify compounds structurally related to suramin which inhibit the binding of TNF-alpha to its receptor.	Suramin	71-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
10449196-6	1999	The capacity of these molecules to inhibit the binding of TNF-alpha with its receptor p55 was tested in vitro by means of a specific immunoenzymatic assay using suramin as reference compound.	Suramin	161-168	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-67
10449196-6	1999	The capacity of these molecules to inhibit the binding of TNF-alpha with its receptor p55 was tested in vitro by means of a specific immunoenzymatic assay using suramin as reference compound.	Suramin	161-168	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	86-89
10449196-7	1999	Evans blue and trypan blue inhibited TNF-alpha/p55 binding with an IC50 of 0.75 and 1.00 mM, respectively (suramin IC50: 0.65 mM); no effect was observed with the other molecules.	Suramin	107-114	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
10458724-9	1999	In vitro studies indicated that suramin completely blocked PDGF receptor activation or phosphorylation stimulated by PDGF-AB, inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) kinases (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2, and abrogated transcription factor AP-1 DNA-binding activity.	Suramin	32-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	184-187
10458724-9	1999	In vitro studies indicated that suramin completely blocked PDGF receptor activation or phosphorylation stimulated by PDGF-AB, inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) kinases (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2, and abrogated transcription factor AP-1 DNA-binding activity.	Suramin	32-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Mus musculus	198-204
10458724-9	1999	In vitro studies indicated that suramin completely blocked PDGF receptor activation or phosphorylation stimulated by PDGF-AB, inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) kinases (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2, and abrogated transcription factor AP-1 DNA-binding activity.	Suramin	32-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	210-216
10458724-9	1999	In vitro studies indicated that suramin completely blocked PDGF receptor activation or phosphorylation stimulated by PDGF-AB, inhibited activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) kinases (MEK1/2) and ERK1/2, and abrogated transcription factor AP-1 DNA-binding activity.	Suramin	32-39	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	253-257
10458724-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Suramin inhibited SMC migration and proliferation in vivo and in vitro by blocking PDGF-initiated PDGF receptor and MAPK-AP-1 signaling.	Suramin	13-20	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	134-138
10448097-6	1999	In conclusion, osmotic stress-induced Syk activation required suramin-inhibitable surface receptor aggregation and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species.	Suramin	62-69	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	38-41
10459859-7	1999	Inhibition of VEGF synthesis and function by antisense oligonucleotide and by suramin, respectively arrested the OP-1-induced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized bone nodule formation.	Suramin	78-85	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
10407161-3	1999	Fluorimetric assays were initially tested to demonstrate that diethyl pyrocarbonate and suramin inhibit Fhit enzyme.	Suramin	88-95	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	104-108
10208280-0	1999	Cell surface aggregation of elastin receptor molecules caused by suramin amplified signals leading to proliferation of human glioma cells.	Suramin	65-72	elastin	Homo sapiens	28-35
10367601-4	1999	In vitro studies aimed at dissecting the mechanism(s) underlying the suramin-dependent effect demonstrated that, in addition to an inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation, suramin inhibited fibronectin and elastin deposition and the migration of SMCs through elastin membranes and into scratch gaps of monolayer cultures.	Suramin	69-76	elastin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	205-212
10367601-4	1999	In vitro studies aimed at dissecting the mechanism(s) underlying the suramin-dependent effect demonstrated that, in addition to an inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation, suramin inhibited fibronectin and elastin deposition and the migration of SMCs through elastin membranes and into scratch gaps of monolayer cultures.	Suramin	69-76	elastin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	258-265
10367601-4	1999	In vitro studies aimed at dissecting the mechanism(s) underlying the suramin-dependent effect demonstrated that, in addition to an inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation, suramin inhibited fibronectin and elastin deposition and the migration of SMCs through elastin membranes and into scratch gaps of monolayer cultures.	Suramin	171-178	elastin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	205-212
10367601-4	1999	In vitro studies aimed at dissecting the mechanism(s) underlying the suramin-dependent effect demonstrated that, in addition to an inhibitory effect on SMC proliferation, suramin inhibited fibronectin and elastin deposition and the migration of SMCs through elastin membranes and into scratch gaps of monolayer cultures.	Suramin	171-178	elastin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	258-265
10367601-5	1999	We also demonstrated that suramin causes cell-surface accumulation of the elastin binding protein, a receptor that not only anchors SMCs to the extracellular matrix, but also inhibits SMC response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Suramin	26-33	elastin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	74-81
10367601-5	1999	We also demonstrated that suramin causes cell-surface accumulation of the elastin binding protein, a receptor that not only anchors SMCs to the extracellular matrix, but also inhibits SMC response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Suramin	26-33	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	200-217
10367601-5	1999	We also demonstrated that suramin causes cell-surface accumulation of the elastin binding protein, a receptor that not only anchors SMCs to the extracellular matrix, but also inhibits SMC response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Suramin	26-33	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	219-227
10359118-3	1999	ATP4-, but not UTP or GTP, activated a sustained non-selective cation current in voltage-clamped CD4- CD8- and CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes that was reversed by apyrase, which hydrolyzes ATP, and by the P2XR antagonists suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS).	Suramin	212-219	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	97-100
10340308-4	1999	The P2X1,2,3,5,7 active P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (100 microM), reduced the basal serotonin level (86%) and the ATP-evoked initial rise phase (from 309 to 254%) without affecting the late reduction phase.	Suramin	52-59	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
10340308-4	1999	The P2X1,2,3,5,7 active P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (100 microM), reduced the basal serotonin level (86%) and the ATP-evoked initial rise phase (from 309 to 254%) without affecting the late reduction phase.	Suramin	52-59	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	24-39
10187853-5	1999	CRSBP-1, like the v-sis gene product and PDGF beta-type receptor, underwent rapid turnover which was blocked in the presence of 100 microM suramin.	Suramin	139-146	lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
10208280-4	1999	Moreover, 100-200 microM suramin stimulates [3H]-thymidine incorporation by those tropoelastin-producing glioma cell lines, but not by A 2058 melanoma cells, which do not produce elastin.	Suramin	25-32	elastin	Homo sapiens	82-94
10208280-4	1999	Moreover, 100-200 microM suramin stimulates [3H]-thymidine incorporation by those tropoelastin-producing glioma cell lines, but not by A 2058 melanoma cells, which do not produce elastin.	Suramin	25-32	elastin	Homo sapiens	87-94
10208280-5	1999	Treatment of all glioma cell lines with 100 microM suramin consistently increased expression of cyclin A and its cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk 2, to levels reached following the exposure to exogenous elastin-degradation products (kappa-elastin).	Suramin	51-58	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	96-104
10208280-5	1999	Treatment of all glioma cell lines with 100 microM suramin consistently increased expression of cyclin A and its cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk 2, to levels reached following the exposure to exogenous elastin-degradation products (kappa-elastin).	Suramin	51-58	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
10208280-5	1999	Treatment of all glioma cell lines with 100 microM suramin consistently increased expression of cyclin A and its cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk 2, to levels reached following the exposure to exogenous elastin-degradation products (kappa-elastin).	Suramin	51-58	elastin	Homo sapiens	199-206
10208280-5	1999	Treatment of all glioma cell lines with 100 microM suramin consistently increased expression of cyclin A and its cyclin-dependent kinase, cdk 2, to levels reached following the exposure to exogenous elastin-degradation products (kappa-elastin).	Suramin	51-58	elastin	Homo sapiens	235-242
10208280-6	1999	Our data suggest that a suramin-stimulated accumulation of EBP molecules on the cell surface of glioma cells amplifies the elastin-derived signals, leading to their progression through the cell cycle.	Suramin	24-31	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	59-62
10208280-6	1999	Our data suggest that a suramin-stimulated accumulation of EBP molecules on the cell surface of glioma cells amplifies the elastin-derived signals, leading to their progression through the cell cycle.	Suramin	24-31	elastin	Homo sapiens	123-130
10451224-7	1999	Finally, we have demonstrated that a small molecule, suramin, which has been reported to interact with the mammalian full-length FSHR, competes for the binding of [125I]hFSH by interacting directly at the hFSHR-ECD.	Suramin	53-60	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	129-133
10451224-7	1999	Finally, we have demonstrated that a small molecule, suramin, which has been reported to interact with the mammalian full-length FSHR, competes for the binding of [125I]hFSH by interacting directly at the hFSHR-ECD.	Suramin	53-60	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	205-210
10067985-9	1999	Nevertheless, the anticancer agent suramin, which blocks collagenase synthesis by interfering with autocrine cytokine-receptor interactions, still inhibits synthesis of gelatinase B.	Suramin	35-42	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	169-181
10067985-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Unlike collagenase synthesis by corneal stromal fibroblasts, production (synthesis) of gelatinase B does not appear to be controlled by secreted autocrine cytokines but can still be inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	208-215	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	100-112
10067985-11	1999	Suramin may make an effective therapeutic agent for controlling pathologic overproduction of gelatinase B in corneal ulcers.	Suramin	0-7	matrix metalloproteinase-9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	93-105
10096380-8	1999	With an average cumulative suramin dose of 14.2 g, 33% of the assessable patients (7 of 21) experienced a more than 50% reduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or alkaline phosphatase (AP) serum levels.	Suramin	27-34	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	133-164
10188989-11	1999	Suramin (50 microM) also potentiated ATP-responses at rP2X4 receptors.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
9874182-4	1998	Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that suramin interfered with the function of nerve growth factor (NGF) and induced lysosomal storage defects within dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	60-67	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	100-119
10187853-5	1999	CRSBP-1, like the v-sis gene product and PDGF beta-type receptor, underwent rapid turnover which was blocked in the presence of 100 microM suramin.	Suramin	139-146	hypothetical protein	Woolly monkey sarcoma virus	18-23
10071987-6	1999	The effect of suramin on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was determined by analyzing receptor phosphorylation and dimerization.	Suramin	14-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-57
10071987-6	1999	The effect of suramin on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was determined by analyzing receptor phosphorylation and dimerization.	Suramin	14-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	59-63
10071987-10	1999	PPADS had no effect on the growth stimulation by suramin; however suramin treatment resulted in rapid phosphorylation and dimerization of EGFR.	Suramin	66-73	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	138-142
10071987-13	1999	Rather, it appears that suramin acts via an interaction with EGFR, but not with purinergic receptors.	Suramin	24-31	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
9848889-7	1998	Certain polyanions, eg, heparin, pentosan polysulfate, dextran sulfate, and suramin, bind to adsorbed fibrin(ogen) and prevent thrombin-dependent adhesion of fibrinogen-coated surfaces.	Suramin	76-83	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	127-135
9848889-7	1998	Certain polyanions, eg, heparin, pentosan polysulfate, dextran sulfate, and suramin, bind to adsorbed fibrin(ogen) and prevent thrombin-dependent adhesion of fibrinogen-coated surfaces.	Suramin	76-83	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	158-168
9813252-8	1998	Treatment with the ATP-receptor antagonist, suramin, had a minimal effect on the response in the presence of EAA antagonists.	Suramin	44-51	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Rattus norvegicus	19-31
9918592-10	1999	These positive inotropic effects were abolished by the P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	82-89	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	55-70
10667230-8	1999	Suramin inhibited the anchorage-independent growth induced by IGF-1 or TGF alpha only at an IC50 of 100 micrograms/ml.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
10667230-8	1999	Suramin inhibited the anchorage-independent growth induced by IGF-1 or TGF alpha only at an IC50 of 100 micrograms/ml.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-80
9923550-2	1999	In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml.	Suramin	51-58	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
9923550-11	1999	administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05).	Suramin	63-70	fibroblast growth factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
9792916-3	1998	LPA-induced activation of JNK was not suppressed by prior treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, whereas it was completely blocked by suramin, a non-selective inhibitor of ligand-receptor interactions.	Suramin	140-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	26-29
9784597-3	1998	Suramin, an LPA receptor antagonist, abolished the induction of preproET-1 mRNA by LPA.	Suramin	0-7	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
9874182-4	1998	Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that suramin interfered with the function of nerve growth factor (NGF) and induced lysosomal storage defects within dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	60-67	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9874182-9	1998	These results indicated that PPS mimicked the effect of suramin on NGF receptors but did not cause similar accumulation of LIB.	Suramin	56-63	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
9632653-11	1998	In conclusion, suramin derivatives bind the basic domain of Tat, prevent Tat/heparin and Tat/cell surface interactions, and inhibit the biological activity of extracellular Tat.	Suramin	15-22	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	73-76
9826069-3	1998	In the guinea-pig taenia caeci all the purine nucleotides caused relaxation with a potency order of Ap3A=Ap4A> ATP>AP4=Ap5A, and these relaxations were antagonised by suramin with apparent pA2 values in the region of 5, consistent with activation of a P2Y1 receptor.	Suramin	173-180	replication initiator 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9826069-5	1998	However, while suramin (100 microM) inhibited responses to ATP and UTP at all concentrations of agonist, it only inhibited contractions induced by the higher concentrations of AP4, Ap3A and Ap4A and had little effect on contractions induced by Ap5A.	Suramin	15-22	replication initiator 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
9814856-5	1998	Suramin and 4,4"-diisothiocyano-2,2"-stilbene-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibit the biphasic change in pHi, apparently by acting as antagonists at P2 receptors.	Suramin	0-7	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	100-103
9736638-5	1998	On the other hand, P2X4 subunits assemble into bona fide ATP-gated channels, slowly desensitizing and weakly sensitive to the partial agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP and to noncompetitive antagonists suramin and pyridoxal-5-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid.	Suramin	201-208	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9736638-7	1998	Heteromeric P2X4+6 receptors are activated by low-micromolar alpha, beta-methylene ATP (EC50 = 12 microM) and are blocked by suramin and by Reactive Blue 2, which has the property, at low concentrations, to potentiate homomeric P2X4 receptors.	Suramin	125-132	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
9736638-7	1998	Heteromeric P2X4+6 receptors are activated by low-micromolar alpha, beta-methylene ATP (EC50 = 12 microM) and are blocked by suramin and by Reactive Blue 2, which has the property, at low concentrations, to potentiate homomeric P2X4 receptors.	Suramin	125-132	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	228-232
9730230-1	1998	The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of pyrrole and pyrazole congeners 2 of suramin, directed toward the development and identification of new ligands that complex the human fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), thereby inhibiting tumor-promoted angiogenesis, is reported.	Suramin	100-107	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	224-228
9676853-9	1998	There was a parallel rise in the BSI and the PSA in 24 patients (105 scans) treated for AIPC with hydrocortisone followed by suramin at PSA relapse (Pearson"s moment correlation, 0.71).	Suramin	125-132	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	136-139
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	29-32
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	167-170
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
9632653-8	1998	Suramin inhibits [3H]heparin/Tat interaction, 125I-GST-Tat internalization, and the LTR-transactivating activity of extracellular Tat in HL3T1 cells and prevents 125I-GST-Tat binding and cell proliferation in Tat-overexpressing T53 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
9632653-9	1998	The suramin derivative 14C-PNU 145156E binds immobilized GST-Tat with a dissociation constant 5 times higher than heparin and is unable to bind GST-TatR49/52/53/55/56/57A.	Suramin	4-11	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
9632653-9	1998	The suramin derivative 14C-PNU 145156E binds immobilized GST-Tat with a dissociation constant 5 times higher than heparin and is unable to bind GST-TatR49/52/53/55/56/57A.	Suramin	4-11	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	61-64
9632653-10	1998	Although heparin was an antagonist more potent than suramin, modifications of the backbone structure in selected suramin derivatives originated Tat antagonists whose potency was close to that shown by heparin.	Suramin	113-120	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	144-147
9632653-11	1998	In conclusion, suramin derivatives bind the basic domain of Tat, prevent Tat/heparin and Tat/cell surface interactions, and inhibit the biological activity of extracellular Tat.	Suramin	15-22	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	60-63
9632653-11	1998	In conclusion, suramin derivatives bind the basic domain of Tat, prevent Tat/heparin and Tat/cell surface interactions, and inhibit the biological activity of extracellular Tat.	Suramin	15-22	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	73-76
9789737-4	1998	Suramin pretreatment completely inhibited shear stress stimulation of ERK2, but not SAPK/JNK, highlighting a role for growth factor receptors in ERK activation.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
9789737-4	1998	Suramin pretreatment completely inhibited shear stress stimulation of ERK2, but not SAPK/JNK, highlighting a role for growth factor receptors in ERK activation.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
9759667-5	1998	Suramin, a growth factor antagonist, induced ALP expression in cells cultured with serum.	Suramin	0-7	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	45-48
9710602-7	1998	The arsenite-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, enhancement of Shc and Grb2 interactions, and activation of ERK were all drastically reduced by treatment of cells with either the general growth factor receptor poison suramin or the EGFR-selective inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478.	Suramin	223-230	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
9710602-7	1998	The arsenite-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, enhancement of Shc and Grb2 interactions, and activation of ERK were all drastically reduced by treatment of cells with either the general growth factor receptor poison suramin or the EGFR-selective inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478.	Suramin	223-230	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
9715269-3	1998	The stress pathway presumably becomes activated through induction of an autocrine loop by activated Raf (Raf-BXB) as suramin, the tyrphostin AG1478 and a dominant negative mutant of the EGF-R blocked NF-kappa B activation.	Suramin	117-124	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	100-103
9715269-3	1998	The stress pathway presumably becomes activated through induction of an autocrine loop by activated Raf (Raf-BXB) as suramin, the tyrphostin AG1478 and a dominant negative mutant of the EGF-R blocked NF-kappa B activation.	Suramin	117-124	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	105-112
9715269-3	1998	The stress pathway presumably becomes activated through induction of an autocrine loop by activated Raf (Raf-BXB) as suramin, the tyrphostin AG1478 and a dominant negative mutant of the EGF-R blocked NF-kappa B activation.	Suramin	117-124	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	200-210
9632653-11	1998	In conclusion, suramin derivatives bind the basic domain of Tat, prevent Tat/heparin and Tat/cell surface interactions, and inhibit the biological activity of extracellular Tat.	Suramin	15-22	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	73-76
9698215-8	1998	However, since the responses to ATP and UTP had similar time-courses and as PPADS and suramin inhibited both agonists, it is concluded that ATP and UTP are acting at the same site in these cells, the P2X1 receptor.	Suramin	86-93	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-204
9647463-7	1998	Thus, rP2Y4 and the P2Y2 subtype appear to be structurally distinct forms of the P2U receptor (where ATP and UTP are equi-active) but can be distinguished as suramin-insensitive and suramin-sensitive P2U receptors, respectively.	Suramin	158-165	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Rattus norvegicus	6-11
9647463-7	1998	Thus, rP2Y4 and the P2Y2 subtype appear to be structurally distinct forms of the P2U receptor (where ATP and UTP are equi-active) but can be distinguished as suramin-insensitive and suramin-sensitive P2U receptors, respectively.	Suramin	158-165	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
9690879-9	1998	The action of ATP, unlike that of adenosine, was prevented by the P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin (100 microM).	Suramin	93-100	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	66-81
9626459-0	1998	Renal clearance, tissue distribution, and CA-125 responses in a phase I trial of suramin.	Suramin	81-88	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	42-48
9626459-9	1998	Three of four ovarian cancer patients demonstrated a drop in CA-125 serum concentrations during suramin treatment.	Suramin	96-103	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	61-67
9572679-6	1998	In addition, the membrane-bound GPI-PL appeared to be enhanced by by suramin or oleic acid, which strongly inhibited GPI-PLD.	Suramin	69-76	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	117-124
9575179-2	1998	Suramin is a reversible and competitive PTPase inhibitor with Kis values in the low microM range, whereas the Kis for the dual specificity phosphatase VHR is at least 10-fold higher.	Suramin	0-7	acid phosphatase 1	Bos taurus	40-46
9575179-9	1998	That suramin is a high affinity PTPase inhibitor is consistent with the observation that suramin treatment of cancer cell lines leads to an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins.	Suramin	5-12	acid phosphatase 1	Bos taurus	32-38
9575179-9	1998	That suramin is a high affinity PTPase inhibitor is consistent with the observation that suramin treatment of cancer cell lines leads to an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins.	Suramin	89-96	acid phosphatase 1	Bos taurus	32-38
9576855-0	1998	Reactivation of triosephosphate isomerase from three trypanosomatids and human: effect of suramin.	Suramin	90-97	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	16-41
9650578-3	1998	Ki values for suramin as inhibitor of Ap4Aase and Ap3Aase were 5 x 10(-6) M and 3 x 10(-7) M, respectively.	Suramin	14-21	nudix hydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	38-45
9650578-3	1998	Ki values for suramin as inhibitor of Ap4Aase and Ap3Aase were 5 x 10(-6) M and 3 x 10(-7) M, respectively.	Suramin	14-21	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	50-57
9565569-7	1998	1321N1 human astrocytoma cells expressing the cloned P2X1 cDNA exhibited both ATP- and ADP-stimulated Ca2+ influx that could be blocked by the purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid and suramin.	Suramin	224-231	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
9584206-1	1998	Suramin analogues uncouple two Gi/Go-coupled receptors, the D2 dopamine receptor in rat striatum and the A1 adenosine receptor in human cerebral cortex, with distinct structure-activity relations.	Suramin	0-7	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
9584206-4	1998	Suramin is 10-fold more potent than its didemethylated analogue NF037 in inhibiting the interaction between G proteins and the rat A1 or human A1 receptor; in contrast, both compounds are equipotent in uncoupling the D2 receptor.	Suramin	0-7	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	131-154
9576855-6	1998	Since the life time of the monomer of T. brucei TIM is longer than that of the other enzymes, Suramin is a more effective inhibitor of the reactivation of TIM from T. brucei, particularly at monomer concentrations above 1 microg of protein per ml (monomer concentration approx.	Suramin	94-101	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
9576855-6	1998	Since the life time of the monomer of T. brucei TIM is longer than that of the other enzymes, Suramin is a more effective inhibitor of the reactivation of TIM from T. brucei, particularly at monomer concentrations above 1 microg of protein per ml (monomer concentration approx.	Suramin	94-101	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
9576855-8	1998	Compounds that are structurally related to Suramin also inhibit TIM reactivation; their effect was about five times more pronounced in the enzyme from T. brucei than in human TIM.	Suramin	43-50	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
9576855-8	1998	Compounds that are structurally related to Suramin also inhibit TIM reactivation; their effect was about five times more pronounced in the enzyme from T. brucei than in human TIM.	Suramin	43-50	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	175-178
9586958-6	1998	Suramin, an antitumor drug that interferes with the interaction of growth factors with their receptors, inhibited the UV radiation induction of GADD45 and GADD153 but had no effect on the MMS and IR pathways.	Suramin	0-7	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	144-150
9586958-6	1998	Suramin, an antitumor drug that interferes with the interaction of growth factors with their receptors, inhibited the UV radiation induction of GADD45 and GADD153 but had no effect on the MMS and IR pathways.	Suramin	0-7	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	155-162
9488694-6	1998	Heparinase or suramin decreased apoE of the ECM by 19.6 and 37.3%, respectively, suggesting association with heparin sulfate proteoglycans.	Suramin	14-21	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	32-36
9488694-9	1998	Data derived from sequential incubations with combinations of suramin, EGTA, and PCV were consistent with the presence of two distinct pools of apoE on the HepG2 ECM, one releasable with suramin and EGTA and the other releasable with lipids.	Suramin	187-194	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	144-148
9615733-3	1998	We have earlier shown that suramin affects cellular polyamine metabolism and transport, and that these effects were, in some respects, opposite to those of alpha-difluoromethylomithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor to ornithine decarboxylase, a key metabolic enzyme for polyamines.	Suramin	27-34	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	217-240
9615732-4	1998	Suramin increased cellular ODC activity and ODC mRNA levels, whereas the drug was directly inhibitory to the enzyme.	Suramin	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	27-30
9615732-4	1998	Suramin increased cellular ODC activity and ODC mRNA levels, whereas the drug was directly inhibitory to the enzyme.	Suramin	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	44-47
9559907-14	1998	Zn2+ also enhanced the blocking activity of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin at P2X2 receptors.	Suramin	71-78	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	82-86
9559907-15	1998	Therefore, Zn2+ also mimics H+ in increasing suramin-activity at P2X2 receptors.	Suramin	45-52	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand gated ion channel, 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	65-69
9525741-4	1998	The growth factor antagonist, suramin, inhibited the serum-independent proliferation of Ha-ras transformed fibroblasts, but not the serum-independent proliferation of N-ras transformed cells.	Suramin	30-37	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	88-94
9525741-7	1998	Pretreatment with suramin resulted in the loss of Raf-1 from c-N-ras immunoprecipitates.	Suramin	18-25	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	50-55
9525741-7	1998	Pretreatment with suramin resulted in the loss of Raf-1 from c-N-ras immunoprecipitates.	Suramin	18-25	neuroblastoma ras oncogene	Mus musculus	63-68
9530930-4	1998	The activation of MAPK was mediated at least in part by P2 purinergic receptors, because a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, inhibited the ATP-evoked stimulation by 50%, whereas a P1 purinergic-receptor antagonist, 8-(para-sulfonphenyl)-theophylline, was without effect.	Suramin	119-126	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	91-106
9553667-0	1998	The anti-proliferative effect of suramin towards tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cell lines in relation to expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I: growth stimulation in the presence of tamoxifen.	Suramin	33-40	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	157-180
9553667-0	1998	The anti-proliferative effect of suramin towards tamoxifen-sensitive and resistant human breast cancer cell lines in relation to expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I: growth stimulation in the presence of tamoxifen.	Suramin	33-40	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	185-213
9553667-4	1998	The mechanism of the antineoplastic activity of suramin is not completely understood, although the drug binds to many growth factors including epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factors and can also dissociate growth factors from their receptors.	Suramin	48-55	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	143-166
9553667-5	1998	In this study we have related suramin sensitivity to the expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I in a number of breast cancer cell lines including lines resistant to tamoxifen.	Suramin	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	85-108
9553667-5	1998	In this study we have related suramin sensitivity to the expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-I in a number of breast cancer cell lines including lines resistant to tamoxifen.	Suramin	30-37	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	113-141
9553667-8	1998	Sensitivity to suramin was correlated with the level of expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFR).	Suramin	15-22	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	84-107
9553667-8	1998	Sensitivity to suramin was correlated with the level of expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFR).	Suramin	15-22	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	109-113
9553667-8	1998	Sensitivity to suramin was correlated with the level of expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFR).	Suramin	15-22	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	119-147
9553667-8	1998	Sensitivity to suramin was correlated with the level of expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFR).	Suramin	15-22	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
9553667-12	1998	Increased sensitivity to suramin was associated with increased expression of IGFR and decreased expression of EGFR.	Suramin	25-32	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
9553667-12	1998	Increased sensitivity to suramin was associated with increased expression of IGFR and decreased expression of EGFR.	Suramin	25-32	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	110-114
9553667-18	1998	Responses to TGF-beta 1 were modified in the presence of 100 micrograms suramin ml-1 although TGF-beta 1 was unable to mimic the ability of tamoxifen to stimulate proliferation in the presence of suramin.	Suramin	72-79	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-23
9553667-19	1998	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that for ZR-75-1 cells and variants, increased sensitivity to suramin is associated with an increase in expression of IGFR and a decrease in EGFR numbers.	Suramin	97-104	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
9553667-19	1998	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that for ZR-75-1 cells and variants, increased sensitivity to suramin is associated with an increase in expression of IGFR and a decrease in EGFR numbers.	Suramin	97-104	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	176-180
9468299-4	1998	Here we report on a differential effect of suramin on PKCmu and various PKC isoforms representing the cPKC, nPKC, and aPKC group of the PKC family.	Suramin	43-50	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	54-59
9468299-4	1998	Here we report on a differential effect of suramin on PKCmu and various PKC isoforms representing the cPKC, nPKC, and aPKC group of the PKC family.	Suramin	43-50	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	54-57
9468299-5	1998	In the absence of any cofactors suramin activates all PKC isoforms in the order of aPKCzeta >> PKCmu > cPKC, nPKCdelta.	Suramin	32-39	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	54-57
9468299-5	1998	In the absence of any cofactors suramin activates all PKC isoforms in the order of aPKCzeta >> PKCmu > cPKC, nPKCdelta.	Suramin	32-39	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	101-106
9468299-6	1998	As judged by the Vmax/KM ratios (0.5 for PKCmu and 2.2 for PKCzeta) the substrate syntide 2 is phosphorylated by suramin-activated PKCzeta around four times more effectively than by suramin-activated PKCmu.	Suramin	113-120	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	41-52
9468299-6	1998	As judged by the Vmax/KM ratios (0.5 for PKCmu and 2.2 for PKCzeta) the substrate syntide 2 is phosphorylated by suramin-activated PKCzeta around four times more effectively than by suramin-activated PKCmu.	Suramin	113-120	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	59-66
9468299-6	1998	As judged by the Vmax/KM ratios (0.5 for PKCmu and 2.2 for PKCzeta) the substrate syntide 2 is phosphorylated by suramin-activated PKCzeta around four times more effectively than by suramin-activated PKCmu.	Suramin	113-120	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	131-138
9468299-6	1998	As judged by the Vmax/KM ratios (0.5 for PKCmu and 2.2 for PKCzeta) the substrate syntide 2 is phosphorylated by suramin-activated PKCzeta around four times more effectively than by suramin-activated PKCmu.	Suramin	113-120	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	41-46
9468299-6	1998	As judged by the Vmax/KM ratios (0.5 for PKCmu and 2.2 for PKCzeta) the substrate syntide 2 is phosphorylated by suramin-activated PKCzeta around four times more effectively than by suramin-activated PKCmu.	Suramin	182-189	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	131-138
9468299-7	1998	Suramin-activated PKCmu behaves like that activated by phosphatidylserine and the phorbol ester TPA regarding autophosphorylation and differential inhibition by the PKC inhibitors Go 6976 and Go 6983.	Suramin	0-7	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	18-23
9468299-7	1998	Suramin-activated PKCmu behaves like that activated by phosphatidylserine and the phorbol ester TPA regarding autophosphorylation and differential inhibition by the PKC inhibitors Go 6976 and Go 6983.	Suramin	0-7	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	18-21
9468299-8	1998	In the presence of activating cofactors, such as phosphatidylserine and TPA or cholesterol sulfate (for PKCzeta), the activity of the aPKCzeta is further stimulated, PKCmu is not significantly affected, and the cPKCs and the nPKCdelta are strongly inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	261-268	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	104-111
9468299-8	1998	In the presence of activating cofactors, such as phosphatidylserine and TPA or cholesterol sulfate (for PKCzeta), the activity of the aPKCzeta is further stimulated, PKCmu is not significantly affected, and the cPKCs and the nPKCdelta are strongly inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	261-268	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	166-171
9468299-9	1998	The differential action of suramin on PKC isoenzymes might play a role in some of its biological effects, as for instance inhibition of proliferation and tumor development.	Suramin	27-34	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	38-41
9468299-10	1998	Moreover, due to this property suramin will possibly be a valuable tool for discriminating the activities of PKC isoenzymes in vitro and in vivo.	Suramin	31-38	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	109-112
14517473-1	1998	The conformational requirements of suramin for its binding to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were examined by molecular modeling and docking simulations using the conformational features of suramin determined by the present proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) studies and the crystal structures of growth factors reported previously.	Suramin	35-42	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	62-92
14517473-1	1998	The conformational requirements of suramin for its binding to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were examined by molecular modeling and docking simulations using the conformational features of suramin determined by the present proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) studies and the crystal structures of growth factors reported previously.	Suramin	35-42	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
14517473-1	1998	The conformational requirements of suramin for its binding to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were examined by molecular modeling and docking simulations using the conformational features of suramin determined by the present proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) studies and the crystal structures of growth factors reported previously.	Suramin	239-246	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	62-92
14517473-1	1998	The conformational requirements of suramin for its binding to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were examined by molecular modeling and docking simulations using the conformational features of suramin determined by the present proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) studies and the crystal structures of growth factors reported previously.	Suramin	239-246	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
14517473-6	1998	The modeling and docking simulation studies suggest that suramin binds efficiently to bFGF and PDGF by an induced-fit mechanism, wherein suramin complements bFGF or PDGF by adjusting its conformational freedom around the two pairs of single bonds that link the middle phenyl rings to the secondary amide backbone.	Suramin	57-64	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
14517473-7	1998	The interaction of suramin with bFGF or PDGF primarily involves ion-pair, hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions, in addition to van der Waals" contacts.	Suramin	19-26	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
9443624-8	1998	Analogues that inhibited angiogenesis to a greater extent than suramin in the CAM assay generally showed a greater antiproliferative effect on bFGF-induced growth of human microvascular endothelial cells.	Suramin	63-70	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
9428634-4	1997	Treatment of spheroids with either suramin, basilen blue or BAPTA inhibited the H2O2-induced growth stimulation and c-fos expression, indicating that the H2O2-mediated growth stimulation of multicellular spheroids is mediated via a Ca2+-dependent pathway.	Suramin	35-42	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
11246489-5	1998	Suramin-treated animals showed an obvious reduction in several parameters of CNS inflammation: cellular proliferation, GFAP levels, and tenascin-C immunoreactivity were reduced in suramin-treated as compared to control animals at early time points.	Suramin	0-7	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
11246489-5	1998	Suramin-treated animals showed an obvious reduction in several parameters of CNS inflammation: cellular proliferation, GFAP levels, and tenascin-C immunoreactivity were reduced in suramin-treated as compared to control animals at early time points.	Suramin	0-7	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
11246489-5	1998	Suramin-treated animals showed an obvious reduction in several parameters of CNS inflammation: cellular proliferation, GFAP levels, and tenascin-C immunoreactivity were reduced in suramin-treated as compared to control animals at early time points.	Suramin	180-187	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
11246489-5	1998	Suramin-treated animals showed an obvious reduction in several parameters of CNS inflammation: cellular proliferation, GFAP levels, and tenascin-C immunoreactivity were reduced in suramin-treated as compared to control animals at early time points.	Suramin	180-187	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
11246489-7	1998	This reduction was transient, however, in that the difference in GFAP expression between suramin-treated and control animals was less apparent at 7 days and had disappeared by 30 days after injury.	Suramin	89-96	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	114-121	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	10-18
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	114-121	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	211-219
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	114-121	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	267-271
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	188-195	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	10-18
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	188-195	tenascin C	Rattus norvegicus	211-219
11246489-9	1998	Moreover, tenascin immunoreactivity was significantly diminished at 24 h as confirmed by Western blot analysis in suramin-treated lesion areas, which is analogous to our observations that suramin can antagonize tenascin expression by cultured astrocytes treated with bFGF.	Suramin	188-195	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	267-271
9496716-4	1998	In addition, suramin (a P2 purinoceptor antagonist) inhibited the response to both ATP and CCK-OP.	Suramin	13-20	cholecystokinin	Gallus gallus	91-94
9820121-0	1998	Effects of suramin on human platelet aggregation and Ca2+ mobilization induced by thrombin and other agonists.	Suramin	11-18	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	82-90
9820121-2	1998	Our results show that suramin completely inhibited aggregation by thrombin, platelet activating factor (PAF), alkyllysophosphatidic acid (ALPA), or arachidonic acid in a concentration-dependent manner.	Suramin	22-29	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	66-74
9820121-3	1998	The IC50 values of suramin for inhibition of aggregation by PAF, arachidonic acid, and thrombin were 76.7, 239, and 1.49 microg/ml, respectively.	Suramin	19-26	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	87-95
9820121-4	1998	Ca2+ mobilization induced by thrombin was inhibited by suramin with an approximate IC50 value of 20 microg/ml.	Suramin	55-62	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	29-37
9398290-0	1997	Mapping the suramin-binding sites of human neutrophil elastase: investigation by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and molecular modeling.	Suramin	12-19	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	43-62
9398290-1	1997	Neutrophil elastase (NE), a mediator of inflammation, binds with high affinity numerous anionic molecules including suramin, a polysulfated naphthylurea, which inhibits it with a Ki of 0.2 microM and a 4:1 suramin:NE stoichiometry and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic agent.	Suramin	116-123	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	0-19
9398290-1	1997	Neutrophil elastase (NE), a mediator of inflammation, binds with high affinity numerous anionic molecules including suramin, a polysulfated naphthylurea, which inhibits it with a Ki of 0.2 microM and a 4:1 suramin:NE stoichiometry and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic agent.	Suramin	116-123	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	21-23
9398290-1	1997	Neutrophil elastase (NE), a mediator of inflammation, binds with high affinity numerous anionic molecules including suramin, a polysulfated naphthylurea, which inhibits it with a Ki of 0.2 microM and a 4:1 suramin:NE stoichiometry and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic agent.	Suramin	116-123	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	214-216
9398290-1	1997	Neutrophil elastase (NE), a mediator of inflammation, binds with high affinity numerous anionic molecules including suramin, a polysulfated naphthylurea, which inhibits it with a Ki of 0.2 microM and a 4:1 suramin:NE stoichiometry and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic agent.	Suramin	206-213	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	0-19
9398290-1	1997	Neutrophil elastase (NE), a mediator of inflammation, binds with high affinity numerous anionic molecules including suramin, a polysulfated naphthylurea, which inhibits it with a Ki of 0.2 microM and a 4:1 suramin:NE stoichiometry and thus constitutes a potential therapeutic agent.	Suramin	206-213	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	21-23
9398290-2	1997	In an attempt to locate the suramin molecules on NE, we investigated the NE-suramin interaction using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.	Suramin	28-35	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	49-51
9398290-2	1997	In an attempt to locate the suramin molecules on NE, we investigated the NE-suramin interaction using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.	Suramin	28-35	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	73-75
9398290-2	1997	In an attempt to locate the suramin molecules on NE, we investigated the NE-suramin interaction using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.	Suramin	76-83	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	73-75
9398290-5	1997	The addition of suramin to NE induces a sharp decrease in NE fluorescence and a corresponding increase in suramin fluorescence due to an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp residues of NE, acting as donors, and the naphthalene rings of suramin, behaving as acceptors.	Suramin	16-23	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	27-29
9398290-5	1997	The addition of suramin to NE induces a sharp decrease in NE fluorescence and a corresponding increase in suramin fluorescence due to an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp residues of NE, acting as donors, and the naphthalene rings of suramin, behaving as acceptors.	Suramin	16-23	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	58-60
9398290-5	1997	The addition of suramin to NE induces a sharp decrease in NE fluorescence and a corresponding increase in suramin fluorescence due to an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp residues of NE, acting as donors, and the naphthalene rings of suramin, behaving as acceptors.	Suramin	16-23	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	58-60
9398290-5	1997	The addition of suramin to NE induces a sharp decrease in NE fluorescence and a corresponding increase in suramin fluorescence due to an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp residues of NE, acting as donors, and the naphthalene rings of suramin, behaving as acceptors.	Suramin	106-113	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	27-29
9398290-5	1997	The addition of suramin to NE induces a sharp decrease in NE fluorescence and a corresponding increase in suramin fluorescence due to an efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the Trp residues of NE, acting as donors, and the naphthalene rings of suramin, behaving as acceptors.	Suramin	106-113	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	27-29
9428680-0	1997	Pharmacological concentrations of suramin inhibit the binding of alpha2-macroglobulin to its cell-surface receptor.	Suramin	34-41	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	65-85
9428680-3	1997	Nevertheless, pharmacological concentrations (below 250 microg/ml) of suramin prevented the interaction between methylamine-activated alpha2M and its receptor, the low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein.	Suramin	70-77	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
9428680-5	1997	The ability of suramin to accelerate the dissociation of pre-bound alpha2M was consistent with a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition although the possibility of a competitive component cannot be eliminated.	Suramin	15-22	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
9428680-6	1997	I discuss how the inhibition of alpha2M-binding by suramin may contribute to the antiproliferative properties of this drug.	Suramin	51-58	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
9398614-4	1997	[alpha-32P]ATP has been covalently cross-linked by UV irradiation to the P2X2-ECD and this binding is specific and competable by antagonists suramin and cibacron blue.	Suramin	141-148	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
9815555-5	1997	Plasma levels of total IGF-I and total IGF-II showed variable responses to suramin with median decreases of 24 and 23%, respectively, for the 10 patients; for total IGF-I levels, this did not reach statistical significance.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
9423802-6	1997	In platelets, the selective P2X1 agonist alphabetaMeATP induced a rise in intracellular calcium only in the presence of external calcium and this effect was antagonized by suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	172-179	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
9419378-1	1998	Suramin acts as a G protein inhibitor because it inhibits the rate-limiting step in activation of the Galpha subunit, i.e., the exchange of GDP for GTP.	Suramin	0-7	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	102-108
9335380-11	1997	Incubation of MPCM with either neutralizing antibody or the growth factor receptor antagonist suramin demonstrated that TGFbeta1 played a significant, although minor, role in MPCM-stimulated fibronectin production.	Suramin	94-101	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-128
9364302-5	1997	The amount of CEA released by a cell was increased in suramin-containing culture.	Suramin	54-61	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
9307014-12	1997	Consistent with these results, heparin, suramin, protamine sulphate and platelet factor 4 inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation of human aortic smooth-muscle cells.	Suramin	40-47	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
9815555-5	1997	Plasma levels of total IGF-I and total IGF-II showed variable responses to suramin with median decreases of 24 and 23%, respectively, for the 10 patients; for total IGF-I levels, this did not reach statistical significance.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	39-45
9815555-5	1997	Plasma levels of total IGF-I and total IGF-II showed variable responses to suramin with median decreases of 24 and 23%, respectively, for the 10 patients; for total IGF-I levels, this did not reach statistical significance.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
9815555-6	1997	On the other hand, free IGF-I plasma levels were consistently and dramatically increased (over 250%) after suramin infusion.	Suramin	107-114	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
9815555-8	1997	Levels of IGFBP-3, the major carrier of IGFs in the circulation, were decreased 21% after suramin treatment when measured by immunoradiometric assay.	Suramin	90-97	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	10-17
9815555-10	1997	IGFBP-3 protease activity was evident in the plasma of 3 of 10 patients after suramin.	Suramin	78-85	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-7
9815555-9	1997	However, the majority of the plasma IGFBP-3 remaining after suramin was not the intact high-affinity IGF-binding form but rather a 30-kDa fragment with markedly reduced affinity for IGF-I.	Suramin	60-67	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	36-43
9815555-12	1997	The dramatic increase in active free IGF-I seen after suramin raises concern and underscores the importance of measuring relevant biomarkers in clinical trials.	Suramin	54-61	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
9282976-2	1997	Since human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expresses abundant epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and proliferates in an autocrine and paracrine manner, it was expected that suramin inhibits tumor growth by disrupting EGFR.	Suramin	183-190	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	66-99
9283705-16	1997	Both c-fos and c-jun induction by the purine analogue could be fully prevented by pretreatment with suramin.	Suramin	100-107	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	5-10
9283712-5	1997	The maximum release of ATP by alpha, beta-mATP was markedly reduced by 250 microM suramin, 30 microM pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",5"-disulphonic acid (PPADS) and 30 microM reactive blue 2 (RB-2), P2-receptor antagonists.	Suramin	82-89	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	42-46
9282976-2	1997	Since human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expresses abundant epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and proliferates in an autocrine and paracrine manner, it was expected that suramin inhibits tumor growth by disrupting EGFR.	Suramin	183-190	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	101-105
9282976-2	1997	Since human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expresses abundant epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and proliferates in an autocrine and paracrine manner, it was expected that suramin inhibits tumor growth by disrupting EGFR.	Suramin	183-190	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	227-231
9282976-5	1997	Since autophosphorylation of EGFR was stronger at the low concentration and weaker at the high concentration of suramin compared with the control, the effect of suramin was thought to be via phosphorylation of receptors.	Suramin	112-119	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
9282976-5	1997	Since autophosphorylation of EGFR was stronger at the low concentration and weaker at the high concentration of suramin compared with the control, the effect of suramin was thought to be via phosphorylation of receptors.	Suramin	161-168	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
9221902-8	1997	Moreover, ATP-evoked currents on human P2X3 receptor are efficiently blocked in a reversible manner by the purinoceptor antagonists, suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	133-140	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	39-43
9216665-7	1997	To investigate the possible mechanism by which suramin sensitizes cells to vinblastine we determined the effect of suramin on expression of the multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene.	Suramin	47-54	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
9254728-0	1997	Apoptosis and clonogenic cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells after treatment with gamma radiation and suramin.	Suramin	112-119	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	39-42
9092534-1	1997	Suramin, a hexasulfonated naphtylurea recently used as an anti-tumor drug, is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3.	Suramin	0-7	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	106-125
9092534-1	1997	Suramin, a hexasulfonated naphtylurea recently used as an anti-tumor drug, is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3.	Suramin	0-7	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	127-138
9092534-1	1997	Suramin, a hexasulfonated naphtylurea recently used as an anti-tumor drug, is a potent inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3.	Suramin	0-7	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	144-156
9092534-3	1997	One molecule of elastase binds four molecules of suramin with a Ki of 2 x 10(-7) M as determined by enzyme inhibition or intrinsic fluorescence enhancement of suramin.	Suramin	49-56	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	16-24
9092534-3	1997	One molecule of elastase binds four molecules of suramin with a Ki of 2 x 10(-7) M as determined by enzyme inhibition or intrinsic fluorescence enhancement of suramin.	Suramin	159-166	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	16-24
9092534-6	1997	Ionic strength increases the Ki of the elastase-suramin complex in a way that suggests that four of the six sulfonate groups of suramin form ionic interactions with basic residues of the enzyme and that at saturation almost all arginines of elastase form salt bridges with suramin.	Suramin	48-55	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	39-47
9092534-6	1997	Ionic strength increases the Ki of the elastase-suramin complex in a way that suggests that four of the six sulfonate groups of suramin form ionic interactions with basic residues of the enzyme and that at saturation almost all arginines of elastase form salt bridges with suramin.	Suramin	128-135	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	39-47
9092534-6	1997	Ionic strength increases the Ki of the elastase-suramin complex in a way that suggests that four of the six sulfonate groups of suramin form ionic interactions with basic residues of the enzyme and that at saturation almost all arginines of elastase form salt bridges with suramin.	Suramin	128-135	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	39-47
9075785-5	1997	In this study, we analyzed the antitumor effect of suramin using two lines of lung cancer cells (A549 and PC-13), which express EGF-R, and a variety of assays.	Suramin	51-58	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	128-133
9090447-2	1997	Suramin, a low molecular weight (1429), polyanionic compound at concentrations 105-175 microM completely abolished 125I-IFN-alpha 88 binding to Daudi cells at low temperature (4 degrees C).	Suramin	0-7	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
9090447-4	1997	Suramin also dissociated IFN-alpha 88-receptor complexes but, upon incubation of cells with IFN at 37 degrees C IFN-receptor complexes, became gradually less sensitive to suramin action.	Suramin	0-7	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
9090447-4	1997	Suramin also dissociated IFN-alpha 88-receptor complexes but, upon incubation of cells with IFN at 37 degrees C IFN-receptor complexes, became gradually less sensitive to suramin action.	Suramin	0-7	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
9090447-4	1997	Suramin also dissociated IFN-alpha 88-receptor complexes but, upon incubation of cells with IFN at 37 degrees C IFN-receptor complexes, became gradually less sensitive to suramin action.	Suramin	0-7	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
9090447-6	1997	We suppose that the first reaction which represents IFN binding to the surface receptors is inhibited and dissociated by suramin, but when IFN is transferred to a tight activation complexes on the cell membrane or internalized, such complexes cannot be dissociated by suramin.	Suramin	121-128	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
9090447-6	1997	We suppose that the first reaction which represents IFN binding to the surface receptors is inhibited and dissociated by suramin, but when IFN is transferred to a tight activation complexes on the cell membrane or internalized, such complexes cannot be dissociated by suramin.	Suramin	121-128	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	139-142
9117184-10	1997	Reduction of this potentiating effect by suramin or the amino-terminal fragment of u-PA, both competitive inhibitors of u-PA receptor binding, shows that this synergistic effect is due to binding of u-PA to u-PAR.	Suramin	41-48	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	120-124
9117184-10	1997	Reduction of this potentiating effect by suramin or the amino-terminal fragment of u-PA, both competitive inhibitors of u-PA receptor binding, shows that this synergistic effect is due to binding of u-PA to u-PAR.	Suramin	41-48	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	120-124
9117184-10	1997	Reduction of this potentiating effect by suramin or the amino-terminal fragment of u-PA, both competitive inhibitors of u-PA receptor binding, shows that this synergistic effect is due to binding of u-PA to u-PAR.	Suramin	41-48	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	207-212
9336019-4	1997	An additional section on the reversal action of the P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin on neuromuscular block underscores the importance of testing purinoceptor-targeted drugs once they will be marketed, to avoid adverse effects in patients.	Suramin	79-86	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	52-67
8968535-3	1996	In the present report, using receptors stably transfected into 1321N1 cells, we show that suramin acts as an antagonist at cloned P2Y1 and (less potently) P2Y2 receptors, but not at the cloned P2Y4 receptor.	Suramin	90-97	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	130-134
8914844-0	1996	Potent inhibition of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase by suramin.	Suramin	60-67	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	27-56
8914844-1	1996	Suramin, a bis-hexasulfonated napthylurea, was studied as an inhibitor of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), a crucial enzyme in folate metabolism.	Suramin	0-7	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	80-109
8914844-1	1996	Suramin, a bis-hexasulfonated napthylurea, was studied as an inhibitor of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), a crucial enzyme in folate metabolism.	Suramin	0-7	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	111-115
8914844-2	1996	Suramin is a more potent (IC50, 0.9 microM) inhibitor of FPGS partially purified from CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells than is bromosulfophthalein (IC50, 17 microM), the first reported nonsubstrate-analog inhibitor of FPGS (J. J. McGuire et al., Adv.	Suramin	0-7	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	57-61
8914844-2	1996	Suramin is a more potent (IC50, 0.9 microM) inhibitor of FPGS partially purified from CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells than is bromosulfophthalein (IC50, 17 microM), the first reported nonsubstrate-analog inhibitor of FPGS (J. J. McGuire et al., Adv.	Suramin	0-7	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	215-219
8914844-7	1996	FPGS inhibition by suramin is reversed by bovine serum albumin (which binds suramin).	Suramin	19-26	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	0-4
8914844-7	1996	FPGS inhibition by suramin is reversed by bovine serum albumin (which binds suramin).	Suramin	76-83	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	0-4
8914844-8	1996	Suramin is a noncompetitive inhibitor with aminopterin (K(ii) = 0.9 microM; K(is) = 1.1 microM) and glutamic acid (K(ii) = 1.0 microM; K(is) = 5.2 microM) as the variable substrates; suramin inhibition tends toward being competitive with respect to the third FPGS substrate, ATP (K(ii) = 3.4 microM; K(is) = 0.35 microM), since the major effect is on its K(m).	Suramin	0-7	folylpolyglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	259-263
8914844-9	1996	Suramin is a much less potent inhibitor of two other folate-dependent enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase (IC50, 38 microM; methotrexate (MTX), 0.6 nM) and thymidylate synthase (IC50, 87 microM; MTX, 48 microM).	Suramin	0-7	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	79-102
8914844-9	1996	Suramin is a much less potent inhibitor of two other folate-dependent enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase (IC50, 38 microM; methotrexate (MTX), 0.6 nM) and thymidylate synthase (IC50, 87 microM; MTX, 48 microM).	Suramin	0-7	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	153-173
9288185-8	1997	Arresting the cells in G0/G1 phase by pretreatment with suramin totally abrogated radiation-induced phosphorylation of p34cdc2 protein at the tyrosine residue, indicating that this posttranslational modification occurs in cell populations that escape G2 arrest and undergo apoptosis in response to radiation.	Suramin	56-63	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-126
9094135-2	1997	Polyanionic compounds such as dextran sulfate, curdian sulfate, and suramin act on the V3 loop of the viral envelope and may prevent its interaction with fusin.	Suramin	68-75	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
9118940-8	1997	On the basis of resistance to the growth factor receptor inhibitor suramin and of several types of cross-refractoriness experiments, the UVC-induced CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation represents an as yet unrecognized route of UVC-induced signal transduction, independent of suramin-inhibitable growth factor receptors and different from the Erk 1,2-p62TCF pathway.	Suramin	67-74	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
9118940-8	1997	On the basis of resistance to the growth factor receptor inhibitor suramin and of several types of cross-refractoriness experiments, the UVC-induced CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation represents an as yet unrecognized route of UVC-induced signal transduction, independent of suramin-inhibitable growth factor receptors and different from the Erk 1,2-p62TCF pathway.	Suramin	67-74	activating transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
9118940-8	1997	On the basis of resistance to the growth factor receptor inhibitor suramin and of several types of cross-refractoriness experiments, the UVC-induced CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation represents an as yet unrecognized route of UVC-induced signal transduction, independent of suramin-inhibitable growth factor receptors and different from the Erk 1,2-p62TCF pathway.	Suramin	267-274	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
9118940-8	1997	On the basis of resistance to the growth factor receptor inhibitor suramin and of several types of cross-refractoriness experiments, the UVC-induced CREB/ATF-1 phosphorylation represents an as yet unrecognized route of UVC-induced signal transduction, independent of suramin-inhibitable growth factor receptors and different from the Erk 1,2-p62TCF pathway.	Suramin	267-274	activating transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
9134216-0	1997	Enhancement of the response to purinergic agonists in P2Y1 transfected 1321N1 cells by antagonists suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	99-106	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	54-58
9075785-0	1997	Suramin inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer cells that express the epidermal growth factor receptor.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	81-113
9075785-4	1997	Several investigators have reported that suramin has antiproliferative activity against cancer cells that express EGF receptors (EGF-R), and that it acts by blocking the binding of the ligand to its receptor.	Suramin	41-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	114-127
9075785-4	1997	Several investigators have reported that suramin has antiproliferative activity against cancer cells that express EGF receptors (EGF-R), and that it acts by blocking the binding of the ligand to its receptor.	Suramin	41-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	129-134
9031744-14	1997	In contrast, the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (3 x 10(-5) M), markedly reduced the relaxations to EFS.	Suramin	45-52	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	17-32
9027379-0	1997	Suramin disrupts insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mediated autocrine growth in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-54
9027379-9	1997	Suramin prevented IGF-II-stimulated IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
9027379-9	1997	Suramin prevented IGF-II-stimulated IGF-IR tyrosine phosphorylation.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	36-42
9027379-10	1997	These results indicate that in SH-SY5Y cells, suramin acts as a cytostatic agent and can block IGF-II-dependent cell growth by preventing IGF-IR activation.	Suramin	46-53	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	95-101
9027379-10	1997	These results indicate that in SH-SY5Y cells, suramin acts as a cytostatic agent and can block IGF-II-dependent cell growth by preventing IGF-IR activation.	Suramin	46-53	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	138-144
9016352-8	1997	The human P2X4 receptor displays a very similar agonist potency profile to that of rat P2X4 (ATP > > 2-methylthio-ATP > or = CTP > alpha, beta-methylene-ATP > dATP) but has a notably higher sensitivity for the antagonists suramin, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid, and bromphenol blue.	Suramin	237-244	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
8980650-3	1996	The p54 dimer was processed to a group of intracellular, cell surface (suramin-releasable) and secreted forms whose rates of appearance and disappearance from the cell were measured over a 48 h period.	Suramin	71-78	interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
8967964-0	1996	Activation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by suramin and suramin analogs.	Suramin	56-63	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	18-52
8967964-0	1996	Activation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by suramin and suramin analogs.	Suramin	68-75	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	18-52
8967964-2	1996	Because suramin is known to interact with ATP-binding enzymes and ATP receptors (P2-purinergic receptors), the stimulation by suramin has been postulated to occur via the adenine nucleotide-binding site of the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+-release channel.	Suramin	8-15	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	42-45
8967964-2	1996	Because suramin is known to interact with ATP-binding enzymes and ATP receptors (P2-purinergic receptors), the stimulation by suramin has been postulated to occur via the adenine nucleotide-binding site of the ryanodine receptor/Ca2+-release channel.	Suramin	8-15	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	66-69
8967964-6	1996	This binding site is different than that for ATP, a conclusion that is supported by the following observations: (i) Suramin stimulates the association rate and inhibits the dissociation rate of [3H]ryanodine, whereas ATP analogs increase only the on-rate.	Suramin	116-123	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	45-48
8922753-14	1996	Ap5A (10 nM) failed to potentiate Ap4A-responses but did enhance the efficacy of the P2 purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, by 12 fold at the P2X2 subtype.	Suramin	113-120	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
8956979-2	1996	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, decreased the proliferation of T cells, in the presence of various stimuli, such as guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH), bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), P1 (synthetic peptide 139-151 of PLP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).	Suramin	0-7	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	134-154
8956979-2	1996	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, decreased the proliferation of T cells, in the presence of various stimuli, such as guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH), bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), P1 (synthetic peptide 139-151 of PLP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).	Suramin	0-7	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	156-159
8956979-2	1996	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, decreased the proliferation of T cells, in the presence of various stimuli, such as guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH), bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), P1 (synthetic peptide 139-151 of PLP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).	Suramin	0-7	proteolipid protein 1	Bos taurus	206-225
8956979-2	1996	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, decreased the proliferation of T cells, in the presence of various stimuli, such as guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH), bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), P1 (synthetic peptide 139-151 of PLP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).	Suramin	0-7	proteolipid protein 1	Bos taurus	227-230
8956979-2	1996	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, decreased the proliferation of T cells, in the presence of various stimuli, such as guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP), mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH), bovine proteolipid protein (PLP), P1 (synthetic peptide 139-151 of PLP), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).	Suramin	0-7	proteolipid protein 1	Bos taurus	266-269
8956979-4	1996	However, cytokine assays revealed that suramin increased antigen-induced levels of IL-4, whilst IFN-gamma levels were decreased.	Suramin	39-46	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	83-87
9216665-7	1997	To investigate the possible mechanism by which suramin sensitizes cells to vinblastine we determined the effect of suramin on expression of the multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene.	Suramin	115-122	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
8906151-3	1996	It was found that putative P2-purinoceptor antagonists such as Cibacron blue, suramin, and 4,4"-diisothiocyanatostilbene 2-2 acid markedly inhibited specific ATP-binding with sarcolemmal membrane.	Suramin	78-85	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	27-42
8827086-8	1996	Further comparative studies indicate that upregulation of PSA is common to various differentiation inducers, including all-trans-retinoic acid, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and butyrate but is not induced by other antitumor agents of clinical interest such as suramin.	Suramin	257-264	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
8917344-4	1996	Azo analogues of suramin were found to be potent inhibitors of GPI-PLD.	Suramin	17-24	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	63-70
8758915-6	1996	ERK activation by BHTOOH was inhibited by suramin, and by expression of dominant-negative Ras-N-17 in PC12 cells, suggesting overlap between the pathways for BHTOOH and growth factor signaling.	Suramin	42-49	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8700151-7	1996	The structure-activity relationships for inhibition of agonist binding to the A1 adenosine receptor (suramin > NF037 > NF023) and of agonist binding to the inhibition D2 dopamine receptor (suramin = NF037 > NF023 > NF018) differ.	Suramin	195-202	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	173-193
8702478-3	1996	The P2Y7 cDNA was transiently expressed in COS-7 cells: binding studies thereon showed a very high affinity for ATP (37 +/- 6 nM), much less for UTP and ADP (approximately 1300 nM), and a novel rank order of affinities in the binding series studied of 8 nucleotides and suramin.	Suramin	270-277	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
8911114-6	1996	We conclude that neutropenia secondary to suramin is unpredictable and responds to G-CSF administration permitting further suramin therapy.	Suramin	42-49	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	83-88
8911114-6	1996	We conclude that neutropenia secondary to suramin is unpredictable and responds to G-CSF administration permitting further suramin therapy.	Suramin	123-130	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	83-88
8818348-0	1996	Action of suramin upon ecto-apyrase activity and synaptic depression of Torpedo electric organ.	Suramin	10-17	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	23-35
8809784-5	1996	Supraoptic nucleus vasopressin cell responses to moderate haemorrhage, known to be generated by the A1 projection, were suppressed by hypothalamic application of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	189-196	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	19-30
8818348-3	1996	Suramin [8-(3-benzamido-4-methylbenzamido)naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulphoni c acid], a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, potently inhibited in a non-competitive manner the ecto-apyrase activity associated with plasma membrane isolated from cholinergic nerve terminals of Torpedo electric organ.	Suramin	0-7	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	83-98
8760029-5	1996	The P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin, but not antagonists of other phosphoinositide-linked receptors, blocked cell-to-cell Ca2+ signaling initiated by microinjections of Ins(1,4,5)P3.	Suramin	31-38	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
8818348-3	1996	Suramin [8-(3-benzamido-4-methylbenzamido)naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulphoni c acid], a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, potently inhibited in a non-competitive manner the ecto-apyrase activity associated with plasma membrane isolated from cholinergic nerve terminals of Torpedo electric organ.	Suramin	0-7	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	162-174
8884377-4	1996	Further support for this view was that the ATP (P2) purinoceptor antagonist suramin did not reverse the effects of ATP, while the adenosine (P1) purinoceptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline did antagonize the effects of ATP in tetrodotoxin-treated co-cultures.	Suramin	76-83	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	48-64
8832287-1	1996	The in vitro immunopharmacologic effect of suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, was examined on splenocytes and T helper (Th) 1 and 2 clones.	Suramin	43-50	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	114-135
8832287-2	1996	Cytokine capture assays revealed that suramin inhibited the production of IFN-gamma, whilst IL-4 is increased in splenocytes.	Suramin	38-45	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	74-83
8832287-5	1996	Suramin also inhibited IFN-gamma production by SP39A1, whilst IL-4 production by SP41D5 was enhanced.	Suramin	0-7	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	23-32
8841939-0	1996	Suramin is a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor.	Suramin	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	33-67
8841939-4	1996	We have tested the hypothesis, whether the antiangiogenic effect of suramin may be mediated via inhibition of VEGF function.	Suramin	68-75	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	110-114
8841939-5	1996	Using cultured endothelial cells and a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay we were able to show, that the action of VEGF upon mitogenicity is inhibited by suramin in a dose-dependent manner.	Suramin	153-160	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	114-118
8841939-7	1996	Suramin inhibited VEGF-inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR as determined by in vitro kinase assay.	Suramin	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	18-22
8841939-7	1996	Suramin inhibited VEGF-inducible tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR as determined by in vitro kinase assay.	Suramin	0-7	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	61-64
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	10-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	39-43
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	10-17	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	80-83
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	10-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	147-151
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	10-17	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	161-164
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	130-137	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	39-43
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	130-137	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	80-83
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	130-137	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	147-151
8841939-8	1996	Moreover, suramin was shown to inhibit VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR in intact cells, indicating an interaction of suramin with the VEGF-receptor KDR as the cause of its inhibitory activity.	Suramin	130-137	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	161-164
8841939-9	1996	The antiangiogenic effect of suramin may be mediated-at least in part-by inhibition of VEGF function.	Suramin	29-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	87-91
8637045-0	1996	Suramin-induced decrease in prostate-specific antigen expression with no effect on tumor growth in the LNCaP model of human prostate cancer.	Suramin	0-7	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	28-53
8813397-6	1996	The effect of bFGF was counteracted by suramin.	Suramin	39-46	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
8809344-5	1996	Proacrosin/suramin interaction at p2H 5.5 resulted in the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes and the relevant infrared spectra showed only minor differences with respect to the native proacrosin.	Suramin	11-18	acrosin	Homo sapiens	0-10
8809344-5	1996	Proacrosin/suramin interaction at p2H 5.5 resulted in the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes and the relevant infrared spectra showed only minor differences with respect to the native proacrosin.	Suramin	11-18	acrosin	Homo sapiens	194-204
8809344-6	1996	However, the thermal denaturation curves revealed that suramin induced a destabilization of proacrosin structure.	Suramin	55-62	acrosin	Homo sapiens	92-102
8809344-7	1996	The data also indicated that suramin could modify the interaction characteristics of proacrosin aspartyl and glutamyl residues, thus suggesting competition of suramin with these two residues for ionic interactions.	Suramin	29-36	acrosin	Homo sapiens	85-95
8809344-7	1996	The data also indicated that suramin could modify the interaction characteristics of proacrosin aspartyl and glutamyl residues, thus suggesting competition of suramin with these two residues for ionic interactions.	Suramin	159-166	acrosin	Homo sapiens	85-95
8616808-0	1996	Inhibition of insulin like growth factor II autocrine growth of Wilms" tumor by suramin in vitro and in vivo.	Suramin	80-87	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	14-43
8616808-1	1996	Suramin was found to affect the Wilms" tumor (WT) cell line, W13, by inhibiting in vitro growth (half-maximal inhibitory dose (ID50)=11 microM), insulin like growth factor II (IGF-II) cell binding (ID50 = 10 microM) and IGF-II induced DNA synthesis (ID50 = 8 microM).	Suramin	0-7	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	145-174
8616808-1	1996	Suramin was found to affect the Wilms" tumor (WT) cell line, W13, by inhibiting in vitro growth (half-maximal inhibitory dose (ID50)=11 microM), insulin like growth factor II (IGF-II) cell binding (ID50 = 10 microM) and IGF-II induced DNA synthesis (ID50 = 8 microM).	Suramin	0-7	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	176-182
8616808-1	1996	Suramin was found to affect the Wilms" tumor (WT) cell line, W13, by inhibiting in vitro growth (half-maximal inhibitory dose (ID50)=11 microM), insulin like growth factor II (IGF-II) cell binding (ID50 = 10 microM) and IGF-II induced DNA synthesis (ID50 = 8 microM).	Suramin	0-7	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	220-226
8616808-2	1996	In addition, suramin inhibited cross-linking of [125I]IGF-II to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R).	Suramin	13-20	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	54-60
8616808-2	1996	In addition, suramin inhibited cross-linking of [125I]IGF-II to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R).	Suramin	13-20	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	89-94
8616808-2	1996	In addition, suramin inhibited cross-linking of [125I]IGF-II to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and type 2 IGF receptor (IGF2R).	Suramin	13-20	insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor	Mus musculus	121-126
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	80-87	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	14-20
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	80-87	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	21-26
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	80-87	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	152-157
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	98-105	insulin-like growth factor 2	Mus musculus	14-20
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	98-105	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	21-26
8616808-3	1996	Disruption of IGF-II/IGF1R interaction appears to be the main mode of action of suramin since the suramin response was abolished in the presence of the IGF1R blocking antibody, alpha IR-3.	Suramin	98-105	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	152-157
8665846-5	1996	As with LPA, S1P action is inhibited by suramin and subject to homologous desensitization; however, the responses to S1P and LPA do not show cross-desensitization.	Suramin	40-47	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	13-16
8601609-4	1996	EGFR activation by irradiation of cells is abrogated by suramin, by antioxidants, and by the presence of a dominant negative EGFR.	Suramin	56-63	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
8637045-11	1996	PSA mRNA expression was assessed by northern blot analysis in cells treated with either 250 microgram/mL suramin, 400 ng/mL dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (positive control), or 0.5-75 microgram/mL hydrocortisone (to mimic the clinical use of hydrocortisone during suramin treatment to compensate for the loss of adrenocortical function).	Suramin	105-112	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
8637045-11	1996	PSA mRNA expression was assessed by northern blot analysis in cells treated with either 250 microgram/mL suramin, 400 ng/mL dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (positive control), or 0.5-75 microgram/mL hydrocortisone (to mimic the clinical use of hydrocortisone during suramin treatment to compensate for the loss of adrenocortical function).	Suramin	260-267	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
8637045-12	1996	In some studies, the combined effect of DHT and suramin on PSA mRNA expression was also evaluated.	Suramin	48-55	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	59-62
8637045-15	1996	However, suramin significantly decreased the ratio of PSA level to tumor volume (ng/mL PSA per mm(3) of tumor) (P<.001).	Suramin	9-16	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
8637045-15	1996	However, suramin significantly decreased the ratio of PSA level to tumor volume (ng/mL PSA per mm(3) of tumor) (P<.001).	Suramin	9-16	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
8637045-18	1996	Suramin diminished PSA mRNA expression in both LNCaP and C4-2 cells grown in vitro.	Suramin	0-7	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
8637045-21	1996	Suramin significantly decreased PSA mRNA expression in both cell lines in vitro and depressed serum PSA levels in mice bearing androgen-independent C4-2 tumors.	Suramin	0-7	kallikrein B, plasma 1	Mus musculus	32-35
8637045-21	1996	Suramin significantly decreased PSA mRNA expression in both cell lines in vitro and depressed serum PSA levels in mice bearing androgen-independent C4-2 tumors.	Suramin	0-7	kallikrein B, plasma 1	Mus musculus	100-103
8637045-22	1996	IMPLICATIONS: PSA level should be used with caution as an end point in clinical trials using suramin therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.	Suramin	93-100	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	14-17
8609887-8	1996	Calcium current inhibition by alpha2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors was greatly reduced when 100 microM NF023 was applied intracellularly, whereas the response to VIP was unaffected; in contrast, the response to VIP was blunted only with 100 microM suramin in the recording pipette.	Suramin	254-261	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
8851516-8	1996	The response evoked by 30 microM ATP in the presence of Cd2+ (300 microM) was comparable to that observed with 100 microM ATP alone; however, only the former was almost completely inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	193-200	Cd2 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
8851520-13	1996	Suramin inhibited the hyperpolarization produced by VIP but not by ATP.	Suramin	0-7	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	52-55
8814702-4	1996	The process of suramin uptake is time-dependent, and significantly inhibited by the presence of the suramin-binding protein serum albumin in the culture medium of HT-29-D4 cells.	Suramin	15-22	albumin	Homo sapiens	124-137
8851497-28	1996	In addition, the rat duodenum muscularis mucosae contains ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase, which rapidly degrade nucleotides, although the inhibition by suramin of this deg	Suramin	163-170	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	80-99
8814702-4	1996	The process of suramin uptake is time-dependent, and significantly inhibited by the presence of the suramin-binding protein serum albumin in the culture medium of HT-29-D4 cells.	Suramin	100-107	albumin	Homo sapiens	124-137
8626753-7	1996	Suramin pretreatment completely inhibited H2O2 stimulation of ERK2, highlighting a role for growth factor receptors in this activation.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen activated protein kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
8769855-0	1996	Suramin induces phosphorylation of the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor in PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	0-7	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-81
8769855-4	1996	Growth factors inhibited by suramin include platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and nerve growth factor (NGF).	Suramin	28-35	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	187-206
8769855-4	1996	Growth factors inhibited by suramin include platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and nerve growth factor (NGF).	Suramin	28-35	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
8769855-7	1996	To determine the mechanism of suramin-induced neurite outgrowth, PC12 cells were exposed to suramin and/or NGF for various time periods and treated cells were analyzed, by western blot analysis, for expression of tyrosine phosphoproteins.	Suramin	30-37	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8769855-10	1996	Activation of other members of the signal-transduction cascade (Shc, p21ras, Raf-1, ERK-1) revealed similar phosphorylation levels induced by suramin and NGF.	Suramin	142-149	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	69-75
8769855-10	1996	Activation of other members of the signal-transduction cascade (Shc, p21ras, Raf-1, ERK-1) revealed similar phosphorylation levels induced by suramin and NGF.	Suramin	142-149	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
8769855-10	1996	Activation of other members of the signal-transduction cascade (Shc, p21ras, Raf-1, ERK-1) revealed similar phosphorylation levels induced by suramin and NGF.	Suramin	142-149	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
8769855-11	1996	Parallel studies were performed in rat dorsal root ganglion cultures; suramin potentiated neurite outgrowth and activated the NGF receptor on these cells.	Suramin	70-77	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	126-138
8769855-12	1996	This finding of specific patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in response to suramin treatment demonstrated that suramin is a partial agonist for the NGF receptor in both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	98-105	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	171-183
8769855-12	1996	This finding of specific patterns of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in response to suramin treatment demonstrated that suramin is a partial agonist for the NGF receptor in both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons.	Suramin	134-141	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	171-183
8626753-7	1996	Suramin pretreatment completely inhibited H2O2 stimulation of ERK2, highlighting a role for growth factor receptors in this activation.	Suramin	0-7	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	92-105
9816169-0	1996	Suramin increases p53 protein levels but does not activate the p53-dependent G1 checkpoint.	Suramin	0-7	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	18-21
8779993-8	1996	Pretreatment with suramin, which binds to growth factor, results in increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation after stimulation, suggesting disruption of normal autocrine receptor downregulation.	Suramin	18-25	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	42-55
8779993-8	1996	Pretreatment with suramin, which binds to growth factor, results in increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation after stimulation, suggesting disruption of normal autocrine receptor downregulation.	Suramin	18-25	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
8822210-5	1996	The phosphorylation of HGF receptor/Met is inhibited when cells are exposed to suramin or anti-HGF IgG.	Suramin	79-86	met proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	23-35
8822210-5	1996	The phosphorylation of HGF receptor/Met is inhibited when cells are exposed to suramin or anti-HGF IgG.	Suramin	79-86	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	23-26
9816169-2	1996	We have investigated whether the induction of growth arrest by suramin requires the p53 protein, a tumor suppressor gene product involved in the initiation of growth arrest following DNA damage.	Suramin	63-70	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	84-87
9816169-5	1996	Exposure of NIH-3T3 cells to suramin caused a rapid (1-2 h) increase in the level of p53-DNA-binding activity.	Suramin	29-36	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	85-88
9816169-8	1996	If NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to radiation or suramin plus radiation, p21 mRNA levels were increased and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 kinase activity was inhibited, indicating that suramin does not block the cells" ability to increase p21 levels.	Suramin	46-53	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	70-73
9816169-8	1996	If NIH-3T3 cells were exposed to radiation or suramin plus radiation, p21 mRNA levels were increased and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 kinase activity was inhibited, indicating that suramin does not block the cells" ability to increase p21 levels.	Suramin	46-53	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	105-130
9816169-11	1996	Suramin increases p53 protein levels, but fails to increase p21 mRNA levels or to activate the G1 checkpoint.	Suramin	0-7	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	18-21
8995493-9	1996	In addition, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-defined responses were observed in six patients receiving therapy at 175 microg/ml, but these responses were confounded by cessation of therapy with flutamide during suramin treatment.	Suramin	211-218	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	13-45
8825357-9	1996	The P2Y-purinoceptor agonist, 2-methylthio-ATP (1-100 microM) reduced noradrenaline overflow, an effect prevented by the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, cibacron blue 3GA (100 microM) and suramin (100 microM).	Suramin	184-191	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8825403-6	1996	In serum-free culture medium, tumor cell growth is reversibly inhibited by suramin via interfering with IGF-II binding.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	104-110
8902523-6	1996	Suramin, a growth factor receptor poison, significantly inhibited ERK activation by arsenite, but had little effect on either JNK/SAPK or p38 activity.	Suramin	0-7	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8809216-3	1996	Inward currents were mediated by a suramin-sensitive P2 purinoceptor which showed an agonist potency order (at 10 microM): Ap4A > ATP > Ap3A > > Ap5A, while Ap2A and Ap6A were inactive.	Suramin	35-42	to transcription factor AP-2 alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	169-173
8726410-0	1996	Mechanisms of inhibition of IL-6-mediated immunoglobulin secretion by dexamethasone and suramin in human lymphoid and myeloma cell lines.	Suramin	88-95	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	28-32
8726410-3	1996	Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that dexamethasone and suramin inhibit cell proliferation and IL-6-mediated immunoglobulin secretion in various lymphoblastoid and myeloma cell lines.	Suramin	69-76	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
8726410-4	1996	In the present study, we present study, we present data to examine mechanisms by which dexamethasone and suramin inhibit IL-6-mediated immunoglobulin secretion in the lymphoid cell line SKW 6.4.	Suramin	105-112	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	121-125
8726410-11	1996	Using a flow cytometric assay, it is demonstrated that suramin inhibits IL-6 binding to its receptor.	Suramin	55-62	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	72-76
8726410-16	1996	Suramin interferes with IL-6 binding to its receptor and/or decreases IL-6 receptor expression.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	24-28
8726410-16	1996	Suramin interferes with IL-6 binding to its receptor and/or decreases IL-6 receptor expression.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
8738403-5	1996	Suramin has been shown to block the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptors, which are found in large amounts in bladder cancers.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	47-70
8738403-5	1996	Suramin has been shown to block the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptors, which are found in large amounts in bladder cancers.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	72-75
8738403-6	1996	Because a significant association has been found between the number of EGF receptors on a bladder-cancer cell and its sensitivity to suramin, transitional-cell carcinoma could potentially be very responsive to such therapy.	Suramin	133-140	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
8680724-23	1995	The P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (100 microM), blocked Ca2+ responses to UTP and to 2-methylthio-<protein-id="26196">ATP.	Suramin	32-39	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
8772239-4	1995	Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with aspirin, or use of suramin, a broad-specificity inhibitor, prevented the response to P-A1.	Suramin	59-66	PAXIP1 associated glutamate rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	84-91	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-62
8523059-0	1995	Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen as a surrogate marker for response of hormone-refractory prostate cancer to suramin therapy.	Suramin	116-123	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	14-39
8549154-9	1995	Aferent treatment of mice with suramin completely suppressed anti-IRBP antibody titers.	Suramin	31-38	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	66-70
7574801-6	1995	Suramin inhibits cdc2 kinase.	Suramin	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
7575680-0	1995	Suramin modulates cellular levels of hepatocyte growth factor receptor by inducing shedding of a soluble form.	Suramin	0-7	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	37-70
7575680-2	1995	By Western blotting of the conditioned media and cell lysates of several cell lines expressing the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, we found that suramin, a pharmacological agent that inhibits the activity of many growth factors, was able to induce shedding of this receptor.	Suramin	148-155	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	99-132
7575680-3	1995	Increased levels of soluble hepatocyte growth factor receptor were observed in the conditioned media of GTL-16, a cell line over-expressing the receptor, as early as ten minutes after initial exposure to the agent, and incubation of this line with 300 microM suramin caused a 50% reduction in cell-associated levels of receptor after 6 hours.	Suramin	259-266	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	28-61
7575680-4	1995	Although protein kinase C activation by treatment of cells with phorbol esters has previously been found to stimulate shedding of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, this hitherto undescribed activity of suramin was not affected by protein kinase C inhibitors.	Suramin	207-214	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	134-167
7595207-4	1995	Suramin, which blocked KGF binding and stripped already bound KGF from its receptor, failed to unmask KGFRs in tissue sections from the intermediate phase of wound repair.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	23-26
7595207-4	1995	Suramin, which blocked KGF binding and stripped already bound KGF from its receptor, failed to unmask KGFRs in tissue sections from the intermediate phase of wound repair.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	62-65
7592725-12	1995	Suramine inhibited monocyte chemotaxis with a different efficiency phosphatidic acid &gt; lysophosphatidic acid" diacyl-glycerol On the contrary, monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced chemotaxis was not affected by the drug.	Suramin	0-8	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	146-176
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	84-91	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	84-91	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-158
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	96-103	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-62
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	96-103	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
7585565-0	1995	Inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) activity by suramin and suramin analogues is correlated to interaction with the GM-CSF nucleotide-binding site.	Suramin	96-103	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-158
7585565-1	1995	Suramin and suramin analogues strongly inhibit both nucleotide interaction with the nucleotide-binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and bioactivity of the molecule as assessed by competition photoaffinity labeling and cell proliferation assay, respectively.	Suramin	0-7	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	111-159
7585565-1	1995	Suramin and suramin analogues strongly inhibit both nucleotide interaction with the nucleotide-binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and bioactivity of the molecule as assessed by competition photoaffinity labeling and cell proliferation assay, respectively.	Suramin	0-7	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	161-167
7585565-1	1995	Suramin and suramin analogues strongly inhibit both nucleotide interaction with the nucleotide-binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and bioactivity of the molecule as assessed by competition photoaffinity labeling and cell proliferation assay, respectively.	Suramin	12-19	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	111-159
7585565-1	1995	Suramin and suramin analogues strongly inhibit both nucleotide interaction with the nucleotide-binding site of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and bioactivity of the molecule as assessed by competition photoaffinity labeling and cell proliferation assay, respectively.	Suramin	12-19	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	161-167
7585565-4	1995	The strong interaction of suramin and related compounds with the nucleotide-binding site may mimic nucleotide-mediated inhibition of GM-CSF bioactivity and may be an important mechanism by which suramin acts as a pharmacological anti-growth factor agent.	Suramin	26-33	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-139
7585565-4	1995	The strong interaction of suramin and related compounds with the nucleotide-binding site may mimic nucleotide-mediated inhibition of GM-CSF bioactivity and may be an important mechanism by which suramin acts as a pharmacological anti-growth factor agent.	Suramin	195-202	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-139
7544738-0	1995	Role of suramin as an IL-1 inhibitor in suppression of acute myelogenous leukemia progenitor proliferation.	Suramin	8-15	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	22-36
8528582-6	1995	The P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin (30 microM) shifted the concentration-response curve of beta, gamma-methylene-L-ATP to the right (apparent pKB value 4.8); suramin (100 microM) markedly inhibited the responses to beta, gamma-methylene-L-ATP.	Suramin	31-38	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
8528582-6	1995	The P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin (30 microM) shifted the concentration-response curve of beta, gamma-methylene-L-ATP to the right (apparent pKB value 4.8); suramin (100 microM) markedly inhibited the responses to beta, gamma-methylene-L-ATP.	Suramin	162-169	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
8537444-3	1995	The ATP-induced pHi decrease is largely inhibited by suramin, a P2 purinergic receptor blocker.	Suramin	53-60	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	16-19
8537885-3	1995	In the present study, the entrapment and interaction of suramin with dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC, C12), dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC, C14), and distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC, C18) liposomes was investigated.	Suramin	56-63	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	196-199
7566395-7	1995	Trapidil and suramin also inhibited EGF-initiated calcium response in T98G cells, but only partially inhibited EGF-initiated tyrosine phosphorylation at the same concentrations.	Suramin	13-20	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
7566395-7	1995	Trapidil and suramin also inhibited EGF-initiated calcium response in T98G cells, but only partially inhibited EGF-initiated tyrosine phosphorylation at the same concentrations.	Suramin	13-20	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
7566395-8	1995	Our results suggest that trapidil and suramin inhibit PDGF- and EGF-initiated early biochemical events, and thus suppress growth factor-induced cell proliferation.	Suramin	38-45	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
7759165-3	1995	Suramin, like anti-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) or anti-IGF-I receptor antibodies, efficiently inhibits the growth of tumorigenic clones in defined medium.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
8674845-7	1995	Suramin treatment induced a 2-fold increase in immunoreactive FGFR and a 1.5-fold increase in 125I-bFGF binding sites, indicating that FGFRs are chronically down-regulated by endogenous bFGF in U87-MG cells.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
8674845-7	1995	Suramin treatment induced a 2-fold increase in immunoreactive FGFR and a 1.5-fold increase in 125I-bFGF binding sites, indicating that FGFRs are chronically down-regulated by endogenous bFGF in U87-MG cells.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
7621422-0	1995	Combination adriamycin and suramin induces apoptosis in bcl-2 expressing prostate carcinoma cells.	Suramin	27-34	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
7621422-2	1995	Dunning-G rat prostate cancer cells transfected with a bcl-2 expression vector demonstrated resistance to apoptosis induced by adriamycin and, to a lesser extent, suramin.	Suramin	163-170	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
7621422-3	1995	Use of adriamycin and suramin in combination, however, circumvents this bcl-2 associated drug resistance.	Suramin	22-29	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
7790120-6	1995	Growth studies revealed that the response of human CCRF-CEM, KB, PC-3 and MCF-7 cells to methotrexate was antagonized from 6- to 17-fold by pharmacological levels (10-200 microM) of suramin.	Suramin	182-189	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	51-69
9384667-4	1995	The neutralization of IL-6 by antibody, or IL-6 receptor antagonism by suramin, significantly reduce the severity of key parameters of cachexia.	Suramin	71-78	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
7756262-0	1995	Mechanism of suramin-induced deoligomerization of tumor necrosis factor alpha.	Suramin	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-77
7756262-5	1995	Best fitting of all data could be achieved with a model including a conformational change of TNF trimer into a state more prone to deoligomerization (Kd2 = 400 nM), which was favored by suramin binding.	Suramin	186-193	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	93-96
7756262-6	1995	A kinetic study of TNF dissociation by the same method produced values for the deoligomerization rate of trimer: on the average, koff approximately 4 x 10(-5) S-1 (t1/2 approximately 5 h) between 4 and 20 degrees C with little dependence on suramin concentration; at 37 degrees C, a sizable increase is observed in the presence of 1 mM suramin (koff = 2.3 x 10(-4) S-1, t1/2 = 0.8 h).	Suramin	241-248	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
7756262-6	1995	A kinetic study of TNF dissociation by the same method produced values for the deoligomerization rate of trimer: on the average, koff approximately 4 x 10(-5) S-1 (t1/2 approximately 5 h) between 4 and 20 degrees C with little dependence on suramin concentration; at 37 degrees C, a sizable increase is observed in the presence of 1 mM suramin (koff = 2.3 x 10(-4) S-1, t1/2 = 0.8 h).	Suramin	336-343	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
7756262-7	1995	Data of suramin inhibition on TNF receptor binding, as obtained after incubation times much shorter than the above half-life of trimer, indicate that suramin binding to TNF trimer is the early mechanism of receptor binding inhibition.	Suramin	8-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-33
7756262-7	1995	Data of suramin inhibition on TNF receptor binding, as obtained after incubation times much shorter than the above half-life of trimer, indicate that suramin binding to TNF trimer is the early mechanism of receptor binding inhibition.	Suramin	8-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-172
7756262-7	1995	Data of suramin inhibition on TNF receptor binding, as obtained after incubation times much shorter than the above half-life of trimer, indicate that suramin binding to TNF trimer is the early mechanism of receptor binding inhibition.	Suramin	150-157	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-33
7756262-7	1995	Data of suramin inhibition on TNF receptor binding, as obtained after incubation times much shorter than the above half-life of trimer, indicate that suramin binding to TNF trimer is the early mechanism of receptor binding inhibition.	Suramin	150-157	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-172
7759165-4	1995	Inhibition by suramin or by anti-IGF antibodies can be reversed by pure IGF-I or IGF-2.	Suramin	14-21	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
7759165-4	1995	Inhibition by suramin or by anti-IGF antibodies can be reversed by pure IGF-I or IGF-2.	Suramin	14-21	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
7536664-4	1995	The effects of androgen and FGF-2 could be partly reversed with a specific anti-FGF-2 immunoglobulin G or by suramin, which inhibits binding of FGFs to their high affinity receptors.	Suramin	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	28-33
7549842-0	1995	Dexamethasone and suramin inhibit cell proliferation and interleukin-6-mediated immunoglobulin secretion in human lymphoid and multiple myeloma cell lines.	Suramin	18-25	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	57-70
7549842-5	1995	This study examines growth inhibition and inhibition of IL-6-mediated secretion of immunoglobulin in human lymphoid and myeloma cell lines by dexamethasone and suramin.	Suramin	160-167	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	56-60
7549842-7	1995	IL-6-mediated immunoglobulin secretion is also inhibited by both dexamethasone and suramin in an additive fashion.	Suramin	83-90	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
7549842-8	1995	Both dexamethasone and suramin induce apoptosis of lymphoid cell lines, and suramin inhibits the binding of IL-6 to its receptor in a multiple myeloma cell line.	Suramin	76-83	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-112
7549842-9	1995	These findings suggest that the synergistic growth inhibitory activities of dexamethasone and suramin may be related to induction of apoptosis by both agents and inhibition of IL-6-mediated autocrine growth stimulation and immunoglobulin production.	Suramin	94-101	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	176-180
7730319-8	1995	On the other hand, kinase activation of Src and Raf-1, phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D/Syp and Shc, and complex formation with Grb2 were greatly diminished by suramin.	Suramin	178-185	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	40-43
7730319-8	1995	On the other hand, kinase activation of Src and Raf-1, phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D/Syp and Shc, and complex formation with Grb2 were greatly diminished by suramin.	Suramin	178-185	v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1	Mus musculus	48-53
7730319-8	1995	On the other hand, kinase activation of Src and Raf-1, phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D/Syp and Shc, and complex formation with Grb2 were greatly diminished by suramin.	Suramin	178-185	synaptophysin	Mus musculus	106-109
7730319-8	1995	On the other hand, kinase activation of Src and Raf-1, phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D/Syp and Shc, and complex formation with Grb2 were greatly diminished by suramin.	Suramin	178-185	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	114-117
7730319-8	1995	On the other hand, kinase activation of Src and Raf-1, phosphorylation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D/Syp and Shc, and complex formation with Grb2 were greatly diminished by suramin.	Suramin	178-185	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Mus musculus	146-150
7540893-5	1995	Suramin at 200 micrograms/ml restored the percentage of cells expressing CD56 to levels higher than the control cultures and reduced the suppression in those expressing CD8 to non-significant levels.	Suramin	0-7	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
7752260-0	1995	Re: Reversal by transferrin of growth-inhibitory effect of suramin on hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cells.	Suramin	59-66	transferrin	Homo sapiens	16-27
7540893-6	1995	LoVo produced factors also suppressed the expression of the activation associated antigens CD25, CD71 and HLA-Dr with suramin restoring CD25 expression but not CD71 or HLA-Dr. Functional studies using 51Cr-release assays showed that LoVo produced factors could suppress cytotoxicity in 46% of individuals tested, and of these a reduction in suppression by suramin was demonstrated in 50% of individuals against Daudi target cells and 33% against K562 target cells.	Suramin	118-125	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	91-95
7540893-6	1995	LoVo produced factors also suppressed the expression of the activation associated antigens CD25, CD71 and HLA-Dr with suramin restoring CD25 expression but not CD71 or HLA-Dr. Functional studies using 51Cr-release assays showed that LoVo produced factors could suppress cytotoxicity in 46% of individuals tested, and of these a reduction in suppression by suramin was demonstrated in 50% of individuals against Daudi target cells and 33% against K562 target cells.	Suramin	118-125	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	136-140
7540893-6	1995	LoVo produced factors also suppressed the expression of the activation associated antigens CD25, CD71 and HLA-Dr with suramin restoring CD25 expression but not CD71 or HLA-Dr. Functional studies using 51Cr-release assays showed that LoVo produced factors could suppress cytotoxicity in 46% of individuals tested, and of these a reduction in suppression by suramin was demonstrated in 50% of individuals against Daudi target cells and 33% against K562 target cells.	Suramin	356-363	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
7540893-5	1995	Suramin at 200 micrograms/ml restored the percentage of cells expressing CD56 to levels higher than the control cultures and reduced the suppression in those expressing CD8 to non-significant levels.	Suramin	0-7	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	169-172
21153234-5	1995	A treatment with suramin, disrupting the binding of ligands from their receptors, was associated with a rapid and transient increase in c-fos and c-jun gene expression after suramin removal, in the absence of serum.	Suramin	17-24	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	136-141
7621533-3	1995	The effect of TPA was abolished by the down-regulation procedure and by protein kinase C inhibitors, such as staurosporine (100 nM), suramin (100 microM), and sphingosine (100 microM), pointing to a role of protein kinase C (PKC) in this process.	Suramin	133-140	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	14-17
7897522-9	1995	Growth factor (EGF, IGF-I, and PDGF-BB)-induced cell proliferation was completely abolished in five tumor samples when 10(-4) M suramin was applied to meningioma cells.	Suramin	128-135	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	15-18
7897522-9	1995	Growth factor (EGF, IGF-I, and PDGF-BB)-induced cell proliferation was completely abolished in five tumor samples when 10(-4) M suramin was applied to meningioma cells.	Suramin	128-135	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
7897522-11	1995	Binding of iodinated growth factors (that is, [125I]EGF, [125I]IGF-I, and [125I]PDGF-BB) to their receptor sites was prevented by suramin in a dose-dependent manner in 10 meningioma membrane fractions.	Suramin	130-137	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	52-55
7897522-11	1995	Binding of iodinated growth factors (that is, [125I]EGF, [125I]IGF-I, and [125I]PDGF-BB) to their receptor sites was prevented by suramin in a dose-dependent manner in 10 meningioma membrane fractions.	Suramin	130-137	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
7882614-4	1995	Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) production by tumor cells was enhanced by suramin (100 micrograms/ml), whereas urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) production was suppressed.	Suramin	89-96	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	0-38
7882614-4	1995	Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) production by tumor cells was enhanced by suramin (100 micrograms/ml), whereas urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) production was suppressed.	Suramin	89-96	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
7882614-5	1995	Thus, the increase in PAI-2 and the decrease in uPA production correlated with the inhibitory effects on tumour growth and metastasis by suramin.	Suramin	137-144	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
7882614-5	1995	Thus, the increase in PAI-2 and the decrease in uPA production correlated with the inhibitory effects on tumour growth and metastasis by suramin.	Suramin	137-144	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	48-51
7766838-2	1995	The increase was blocked by suramin (100 microM), a P2-purinoceptor blocker.	Suramin	28-35	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	52-67
7649820-3	1995	The antiparasitic drug, suramin (a heparin analogue) inhibits binding of various growth factors (e.g. PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II) to their receptors in vitro.	Suramin	24-31	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
7649820-3	1995	The antiparasitic drug, suramin (a heparin analogue) inhibits binding of various growth factors (e.g. PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II) to their receptors in vitro.	Suramin	24-31	epidermal growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
7649820-3	1995	The antiparasitic drug, suramin (a heparin analogue) inhibits binding of various growth factors (e.g. PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II) to their receptors in vitro.	Suramin	24-31	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
7649820-3	1995	The antiparasitic drug, suramin (a heparin analogue) inhibits binding of various growth factors (e.g. PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, EGF, IGF-I, IGF-II) to their receptors in vitro.	Suramin	24-31	insulin-like growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-142
7770095-6	1995	Suramin (300 microM) strongly inhibited the relaxations to ATP and VIP.	Suramin	0-7	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	67-70
7536159-5	1995	The facilitation by endothelin-1 of responses to trains of stimulation (10 Hz for 10 s) was absent in the presence of the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, in concentrations which antagonised the contractile effects of alpha, beta-methylene ATP, but not those of noradrenaline.	Suramin	150-157	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-32
7666462-0	1995	Reversal by transferrin of growth-inhibitory effect of suramin on hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cells.	Suramin	55-62	transferrin	Homo sapiens	12-23
7666462-3	1995	Suramin, a compound that has been used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, has been demonstrated to antagonize the binding of transferrin to the transferrin receptor and to suppress uptake of iron by hematopoietic cells.	Suramin	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	127-138
7666462-3	1995	Suramin, a compound that has been used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, has been demonstrated to antagonize the binding of transferrin to the transferrin receptor and to suppress uptake of iron by hematopoietic cells.	Suramin	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	146-157
7666462-4	1995	PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to determine whether transferrin may reverse the inhibitory action of suramin on metastatic prostate-derived cell lines.	Suramin	108-115	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
7666462-10	1995	Indeed, in the PC-3 cells, inhibition turned to stimulation with the addition of transferrin, and even at the highest concentration of suramin tested, 400 microM, a concentration that would be toxic to patients, the amount of inhibition by suramin was still reduced by more than 50% by transferrin in TSU-Pr1 cells.	Suramin	240-247	transferrin	Homo sapiens	286-297
7666462-11	1995	In the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, however, transferrin had limited ability to block the inhibitory activity of suramin.	Suramin	116-123	transferrin	Homo sapiens	48-59
7666462-12	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of tumor-stimulating factors, such as transferrin, in the metastatic microenvironment need to be taken into consideration in the use of suramin and suramin-like derivatives.	Suramin	164-171	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
7666462-12	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of tumor-stimulating factors, such as transferrin, in the metastatic microenvironment need to be taken into consideration in the use of suramin and suramin-like derivatives.	Suramin	176-183	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
7533611-16	1995	This VEGF/bFGF neovascular response was also blocked by daily co-administration of lavendustin A (10 jig),suramin (3 mg) or a monoclonal anti-bFGF antibody (DG2, I jig), but not lavendustin B (10 g).6 These results suggest that selective inhibition of PTK could have therapeutic potential in angiogenic diseases where VEGF plays a dominant role.	Suramin	106-113	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
7533611-16	1995	This VEGF/bFGF neovascular response was also blocked by daily co-administration of lavendustin A (10 jig),suramin (3 mg) or a monoclonal anti-bFGF antibody (DG2, I jig), but not lavendustin B (10 g).6 These results suggest that selective inhibition of PTK could have therapeutic potential in angiogenic diseases where VEGF plays a dominant role.	Suramin	106-113	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
7533611-17	1995	Furthermore, blockade of the angiogenic activity of VEGF and VEGF,/bFGF by suramin reveals an alternative strategy in angio suppression.	Suramin	75-82	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
7533611-17	1995	Furthermore, blockade of the angiogenic activity of VEGF and VEGF,/bFGF by suramin reveals an alternative strategy in angio suppression.	Suramin	75-82	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
7712025-15	1995	The P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (10-300 microM), dose-dependently antagonized only the lower part of alpha,beta-MeATP dose-response curve.	Suramin	32-39	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
7712025-25	1995	The complex antagonism exhibited by suramin suggests the presence not only of Ph-purinoceptors but also of another contractile P2-purinoceptor subtype insensitive to suramin.	Suramin	36-43	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	127-142
21153234-5	1995	A treatment with suramin, disrupting the binding of ligands from their receptors, was associated with a rapid and transient increase in c-fos and c-jun gene expression after suramin removal, in the absence of serum.	Suramin	17-24	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	146-151
21153234-5	1995	A treatment with suramin, disrupting the binding of ligands from their receptors, was associated with a rapid and transient increase in c-fos and c-jun gene expression after suramin removal, in the absence of serum.	Suramin	174-181	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	136-141
21153234-5	1995	A treatment with suramin, disrupting the binding of ligands from their receptors, was associated with a rapid and transient increase in c-fos and c-jun gene expression after suramin removal, in the absence of serum.	Suramin	174-181	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	146-151
8930021-5	1995	Suramin, a drug known to disrupt ligand-receptor interactions, inhibits the serum and growth-factor free proliferation, and the endogenous phosphorylation of met/HGF receptor in the transformed cells.	Suramin	0-7	met proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	162-174
7862451-10	1995	In these lines the Met/HGF receptor was constitutively phosphorylated; phosphorylation was suppressed by suramin treatment, a known blocker of autocrine loops.	Suramin	105-112	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	23-35
7798951-6	1995	At submaximal concentrations of the nucleotides ATP and UTP, the rise in cyclic GMP level was inhibited by suramin (IC50 = 40-60 microM) or the pyridoxal phosphate analogue pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (IC50 = 20-30 microM).	Suramin	107-114	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	80-83
7621460-9	1995	The present study has shown that the combination of EMP 280 mg twice a day and suramin 1 g weekly infusions for 6 weeks, compared to EMP 280 mg alone, showed a statistically significant difference in the rate of depression of PSA levels after 3 and 6 months of treatment (p &lt; 0.01) and a statistically significant reduction in bone pain and requirement for analgesics in patients on combination therapy-100% compared to 0% for patients on EMP alone.	Suramin	79-86	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	226-229
8534928-0	1995	Suramin blocks binding of interleukin-4 to its receptors on human tumor cells and interleukin-4-induced mitogenic response.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	26-39
8534928-0	1995	Suramin blocks binding of interleukin-4 to its receptors on human tumor cells and interleukin-4-induced mitogenic response.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	82-95
8534928-2	1995	In the current study we have investigated the effects of suramin on binding of interleukin-4 (IL-4) to its receptors and IL-4-induced biological response.	Suramin	57-64	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	79-92
8534928-2	1995	In the current study we have investigated the effects of suramin on binding of interleukin-4 (IL-4) to its receptors and IL-4-induced biological response.	Suramin	57-64	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
8534928-3	1995	We found that suramin prevented the binding of 125I-labeled IL-4 to its receptor in a dose-dependent manner.	Suramin	14-21	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
8534928-4	1995	The concentration of suramin that caused 50% inhibition of IL-4 binding (IC50) ranged between 55 and 70 microM.	Suramin	21-28	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
8534928-6	1995	Cross-linking experiments provided direct evidence that suramin prevented binding of 125I-labeled IL-4 to its receptors.	Suramin	56-63	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
8534928-8	1995	Suramin prevented cross-linking to both affinity cross-linked IL-4 binding proteins.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
8534928-9	1995	Gel filtration results indicated that suramin caused aggregation of 125I-labeled IL-4.	Suramin	38-45	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
8534928-10	1995	Suramin had a cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effect on H9 cells, and it inhibited IL-4-induced proliferation of TF-1 cells.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
8534928-11	1995	These data indicate that suramin may be a useful drug in the abrogation of IL-4-induced effects, and this property should be further explored in IL-4-mediated pathologic states.	Suramin	25-32	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
7829396-4	1994	This enhanced DNA synthesis was blocked by exposing the cells to AIGF antisense oligonucleotides, heparin, or suramin, indicating that enforced AIGF expression is responsible for the increase in DNA synthesis.	Suramin	110-117	fibroblast growth factor 8	Homo sapiens	144-148
7923191-2	1994	In addition, we demonstrated that the inhibition of binding of IGF-2 to the IGF-1 receptor, mediated by suramin, blocked the growth of RMS cells in vitro.	Suramin	104-111	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	63-68
7957067-5	1994	In embryos ventralized by UV irradiation and suramin treatment, BMP-4 zygotic transcripts accumulate prematurely and the entire marginal zone expresses this gene.	Suramin	45-52	bone morphogenetic protein 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	64-69
7727736-8	1994	The expression of bFGF by human melanoma cells and its activity as autocrine growth regulator imply that agents which interfere with heparin-binding growth factors such as Suramin or pentosan sulfate may be of clinical usefulness.	Suramin	172-179	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
7705461-5	1994	Ryanodine, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, selectively endothelin-1-induced 45Ca2+ uptake, whereas nickel or suramin inhibited endothelin-3-induced 45Ca2+ uptake.	Suramin	126-133	endothelin 3	Rattus norvegicus	144-156
7870188-10	1994	The electrically as well as the agonist-evoked ATP overflow correlated well with the contraction responses except in experiments with suramin which retarded the removal, by vas deferens tissue, of ATP from the medium.	Suramin	134-141	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
7851483-0	1994	Suramin interferes with auto/paracrine insulin-like growth factor I-controlled proliferative loop on human lung cancer cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-67
7868298-0	1994	Suramin blocks the binding of interleukin-1 to its receptor and neutralizes IL-1 biological activities.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	76-80
7868298-1	1994	This report demonstrates the ability of the anti-cancer drug suramin to interfere with the binding of interleukin (IL)-1 to its receptor and to inhibit IL-1-induced biological activities.	Suramin	61-68	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	152-156
7868298-2	1994	In a radioreceptor cell based assay, suramin inhibits the binding of IL-1 alpha to several murine cell lines expressing predominantly type I and type II IL-1 receptors.	Suramin	37-44	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	69-79
7868298-2	1994	In a radioreceptor cell based assay, suramin inhibits the binding of IL-1 alpha to several murine cell lines expressing predominantly type I and type II IL-1 receptors.	Suramin	37-44	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	69-73
7868298-3	1994	Affinity cross-linking experiments using IL-1 alpha and EL-4.6.1 cells confirms that suramin inhibits the binding of the ligand to the 80 kDa IL-1 type I receptor.	Suramin	85-92	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	41-51
7868298-3	1994	Affinity cross-linking experiments using IL-1 alpha and EL-4.6.1 cells confirms that suramin inhibits the binding of the ligand to the 80 kDa IL-1 type I receptor.	Suramin	85-92	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	41-45
7868298-5	1994	In a cell-free system, suramin prevents the binding of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta to murine and human recombinant soluble type I IL-1 receptors.	Suramin	23-30	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	55-65
7868298-5	1994	In a cell-free system, suramin prevents the binding of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta to murine and human recombinant soluble type I IL-1 receptors.	Suramin	23-30	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	70-79
7868298-5	1994	In a cell-free system, suramin prevents the binding of IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta to murine and human recombinant soluble type I IL-1 receptors.	Suramin	23-30	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	55-59
7868298-6	1994	For example, the IC50 for suramin inhibiting IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binding to soluble human IL-1 receptor were 204 microM and 186 microM, respectively.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	45-55
7868298-6	1994	For example, the IC50 for suramin inhibiting IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binding to soluble human IL-1 receptor were 204 microM and 186 microM, respectively.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	60-69
7868298-6	1994	For example, the IC50 for suramin inhibiting IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta binding to soluble human IL-1 receptor were 204 microM and 186 microM, respectively.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	45-49
7868298-7	1994	The suramin analogues, NF-058 and NF-103 (which bear the same number of sulfate groups as suramin), are between three- and ten-fold less active than suramin in inhibiting IL-1 binding to EL-4.6.1 cells, and to recombinant soluble IL-1 receptor.	Suramin	4-11	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	171-175
7868298-7	1994	The suramin analogues, NF-058 and NF-103 (which bear the same number of sulfate groups as suramin), are between three- and ten-fold less active than suramin in inhibiting IL-1 binding to EL-4.6.1 cells, and to recombinant soluble IL-1 receptor.	Suramin	4-11	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	230-234
7868298-8	1994	Furthermore, in a dose-dependent manner suramin prevents several IL-1 mediated biological responses, including thymocyte proliferation, PGE-2 synthesis and IL-6 production.	Suramin	40-47	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	65-69
7868298-8	1994	Furthermore, in a dose-dependent manner suramin prevents several IL-1 mediated biological responses, including thymocyte proliferation, PGE-2 synthesis and IL-6 production.	Suramin	40-47	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	156-160
7868298-10	1994	Taken together, the results indicate that suramin is a competitive IL-1 receptor antagonist.	Suramin	42-49	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	67-71
7868298-11	1994	Because IL-1 participates in a broad range of immunological and inflammatory functions, the data suggest that suramin administration may influence important activities beyond those associated strictly with tumor inhibition.	Suramin	110-117	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	8-12
7851483-2	1994	Suramin, a polyanionic drug which appears to interfere with growth-factor/receptor interaction, has recently been shown to be cytostatic for small cell lung cancer cells; it may also be effective for N-SCLC.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	74-82
7851483-6	1994	Furthermore, suramin caused a concentration-related inhibition of labeled IGF-I peptide specific binding on all cell lines studied.	Suramin	13-20	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
7929093-0	1994	Suramin inhibits binding of the V3 region of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to galactosylceramide, the receptor for HIV-1 gp120 on human colon epithelial cells.	Suramin	0-7	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	73-78
7851483-8	1994	We hypothesize that suramin interference with IGF-I mitogenic activity is a pathway by which this drug produces its effect in vitro.	Suramin	20-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
7945307-0	1994	Effect of suramin on p34cdc2 kinase in vitro and in extracts from human H69 cells: evidence for a double mechanism of action.	Suramin	10-17	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	21-28
7945307-1	1994	We examined the effect of suramin, an anticancer agent and a functional analog of naturally occuring glycosaminoglycans, on p34cdc2 kinase.	Suramin	26-33	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
7945307-2	1994	We find that suramin strongly inhibits the catalytic activity of purified p34cdc2 kinase (IC50 approximately 4 microM), whereas it only weakly inhibits the p13-agarose precipitated kinase activity from nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts of the asynchronous H69 human small cell lung cancer cells.	Suramin	13-20	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-81
7945307-3	1994	We also find that the tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 kinase in the nuclear extract is increased about twice when the extracts are preincubated with 50 microM of suramin prior to the p13-agarose precipitation.	Suramin	166-173	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	50-57
7945307-3	1994	We also find that the tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 kinase in the nuclear extract is increased about twice when the extracts are preincubated with 50 microM of suramin prior to the p13-agarose precipitation.	Suramin	166-173	H3 histone pseudogene 6	Homo sapiens	187-190
7945307-4	1994	We propose that this increase might result from the inhibitory effect of suramin towards p34cdc2-specific tyrosine phosphatases.	Suramin	73-80	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-96
7945307-5	1994	These results suggest both a direct and an indirect effect of suramin on p34cdc2 kinase.	Suramin	62-69	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	73-80
7923365-5	1994	Indeed, UVC induces the suramin-inhibitable immediate tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor.	Suramin	24-31	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	86-98
7929093-0	1994	Suramin inhibits binding of the V3 region of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to galactosylceramide, the receptor for HIV-1 gp120 on human colon epithelial cells.	Suramin	0-7	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	125-130
7929093-7	1994	Using a high performance thin layer chromatography binding assay, we show that suramin inhibits binding of HIV-1 gp120 to purified GalCer with an IC50 of 25 micrograms/ml.	Suramin	79-86	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	113-118
7929093-9	1994	Using a solid-phase assay, we show that [3H]suramin specifically binds to recombinant gp120 and that this binding could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the conserved GPGRAF motif of the V3 domain of gp120.	Suramin	44-51	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
7929093-9	1994	Using a solid-phase assay, we show that [3H]suramin specifically binds to recombinant gp120 and that this binding could be blocked by a monoclonal antibody specific for the conserved GPGRAF motif of the V3 domain of gp120.	Suramin	44-51	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
7929093-13	1994	Taken together, these results suggest that suramin blocks HIV-1 infection in HT-29 cells because it binds to the V3 domain of gp120 and hence prevents the interaction between gp120 and the GalCer receptor.	Suramin	43-50	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
7929093-13	1994	Taken together, these results suggest that suramin blocks HIV-1 infection in HT-29 cells because it binds to the V3 domain of gp120 and hence prevents the interaction between gp120 and the GalCer receptor.	Suramin	43-50	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
8077293-6	1994	To determine whether the low level of receptors in undifferentiated cells might be related to their production of FGF ligands, the ability of suramin, a drug that can disrupt FGF-receptor interactions, to modulate receptor number on F9 cells was investigated.	Suramin	142-149	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	175-178
7519646-2	1994	This study investigates the ability of the experimental drug suramin to block the activation of HUVEC by endotoxin and by the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF.	Suramin	61-68	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	152-164
7519646-3	1994	We demonstrate that the inducible expression of several adhesion molecules by LPS and IL-1 beta but not by TNF-alpha is prevented by suramin.	Suramin	133-140	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	78-81
7519646-3	1994	We demonstrate that the inducible expression of several adhesion molecules by LPS and IL-1 beta but not by TNF-alpha is prevented by suramin.	Suramin	133-140	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	86-95
7519646-4	1994	In a dose-dependent manner, suramin inhibits the binding of neutrophils and T lymphocytes to LPS and IL-1 beta but not to TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC.	Suramin	28-35	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	93-96
7519646-4	1994	In a dose-dependent manner, suramin inhibits the binding of neutrophils and T lymphocytes to LPS and IL-1 beta but not to TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC.	Suramin	28-35	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	101-110
7519646-8	1994	The results suggest that suramin interferes with the CD14-dependent activation of HUVEC and that it also may be a useful agent in blocking infectious endotheliopathies in vivo.	Suramin	25-32	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-57
7824050-6	1994	This effect of IFN-gamma, but not that of IFN-alpha 2b was antagonized by suramin.	Suramin	74-81	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
7824050-6	1994	This effect of IFN-gamma, but not that of IFN-alpha 2b was antagonized by suramin.	Suramin	74-81	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
8077293-7	1994	Suramin treatment increased the 125I-FGF-2 binding capacity of undifferentiated F9 cells threefold but had little effect on the binding capacity of differentiated cells.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
7916897-6	1994	Six day exposure of these cell lines to suramin, causing 50% growth inhibition, decreased the Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent PKC activity in MCF-7 cells to 52% of the control and in PC3 cells to 48% at equitoxic concentrations (45 and 150 microM suramin, respectively).	Suramin	40-47	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	186-189
7916897-8	1994	In MCF-7 and PC3 cells, we measured the [Ca2+]i using Fura-2 fluorescence and observed a decrease in MCF-7 cells from 126 to 99 nM when the cells were exposed for 6 days to 45 microM suramin.	Suramin	183-190	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	13-16
7916897-9	1994	In PC3 cells, [C2+]i decreased from 131 to 117 nM after exposure to 150 microM suramin.	Suramin	79-86	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	3-6
7525617-5	1994	Suramin reduces cell-associated u-PA activity and greatly increases PAI-1 production at doses which induce monolayer disruption.	Suramin	0-7	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Bos taurus	32-36
8053658-0	1994	Role of nerve growth factor in suramin neurotoxicity studied in vitro.	Suramin	31-38	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	8-27
8053658-1	1994	We determined whether suramin neurotoxicity can be prevented by nerve growth factor (NGF) and if this interaction occurs at the level of the NGF receptor.	Suramin	22-29	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-83
8053658-1	1994	We determined whether suramin neurotoxicity can be prevented by nerve growth factor (NGF) and if this interaction occurs at the level of the NGF receptor.	Suramin	22-29	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8053658-7	1994	Increasing doses of suramin inhibited 125I-labeled NGF specific binding in a dose-dependent fashion, and doses of suramin &gt; or = 1,000 microM were able to completely inhibit 125I-labeled NGF specific binding.	Suramin	20-27	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
8053658-7	1994	Increasing doses of suramin inhibited 125I-labeled NGF specific binding in a dose-dependent fashion, and doses of suramin &gt; or = 1,000 microM were able to completely inhibit 125I-labeled NGF specific binding.	Suramin	20-27	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
8053658-7	1994	Increasing doses of suramin inhibited 125I-labeled NGF specific binding in a dose-dependent fashion, and doses of suramin &gt; or = 1,000 microM were able to completely inhibit 125I-labeled NGF specific binding.	Suramin	114-121	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
8053658-8	1994	Suramin-induced dorsal root ganglia damage can be ameliorated by high-dose NGF.	Suramin	0-7	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
8053658-9	1994	This effect is most likely due to competition between suramin and NGF at the high-affinity NGF receptor.	Suramin	54-61	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	91-103
7525617-5	1994	Suramin reduces cell-associated u-PA activity and greatly increases PAI-1 production at doses which induce monolayer disruption.	Suramin	0-7	serpin family E member 1	Bos taurus	68-73
7947391-0	1994	Suramin, a protein kinase C inhibitor, impairs hepatic regeneration.	Suramin	0-7	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	11-27
7947391-2	1994	Here, we used suramin, an antitrypanosomal and chemotherapeutic drug which inhibits that enzyme, as a probe of PKC signal transduction in the regenerative response after PH in the rat.	Suramin	14-21	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
7947391-8	1994	However, rats which had previously received suramin demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of PKC activation.	Suramin	44-51	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
7947391-10	1994	But if inhibition of PKC activation were conferred by interference with growth factor-receptor binding by suramin, then the generation of diacylglycerol, the second messenger for PKC activation, should likewise be impaired.	Suramin	106-113	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
7947391-12	1994	We conclude that the diminution in DNA synthesis after PH by suramin is likely the consequence of direct inhibition of PKC, suggesting that PKC activation is an important, perhaps obligatory, signal transduction event in liver regeneration.	Suramin	61-68	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
7947391-12	1994	We conclude that the diminution in DNA synthesis after PH by suramin is likely the consequence of direct inhibition of PKC, suggesting that PKC activation is an important, perhaps obligatory, signal transduction event in liver regeneration.	Suramin	61-68	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
8058059-0	1994	c-myc Down-regulation in suramin-treated HL60 cells precedes growth inhibition but does not trigger differentiation.	Suramin	25-32	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	0-5
8058059-2	1994	We showed that treatment of HL60 cells with suramin results in a rapid reduction of c-myc expression followed by an inhibition of cell growth.	Suramin	44-51	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	84-89
8058059-5	1994	These results demonstrate that suramin modulates c-myc levels in HL60 cells and that the down-regulation of c-myc is not sufficient to trigger differentiation toward either granulocytic or monocytic lineages.	Suramin	31-38	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	49-54
7516183-1	1994	A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group.	Suramin	376-383	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	51-82
7515052-3	1994	125I-RAP binding to the low affinity site was abolished by heparin or Suramin.	Suramin	70-77	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
7513254-0	1994	Suramin, an anticancer and angiosuppressive agent, inhibits endothelial cell binding of basic fibroblast growth factor, migration, proliferation, and induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	88-118
7513254-0	1994	Suramin, an anticancer and angiosuppressive agent, inhibits endothelial cell binding of basic fibroblast growth factor, migration, proliferation, and induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator.	Suramin	0-7	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Bos taurus	163-199
7513254-1	1994	Suramin, an anticancer agent in current clinical trials, is a prototype of a pharmacological antagonist of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	133-163
7513254-1	1994	Suramin, an anticancer agent in current clinical trials, is a prototype of a pharmacological antagonist of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	165-169
7513254-3	1994	Suramin, 200 mg/kg i.v., inhibited rat corneal angiogenesis induced by bFGF-impregnated polymers; addition of heparin stimulated angiogenesis and counteracted the inhibition of suramin.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
7513254-5	1994	Suramin inhibited multiple control points of angiogenesis, including those stimulated by bFGF.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	89-93
7514028-0	1994	A structure-activity analysis of antagonism of the growth factor and angiogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor by suramin and related polyanions.	Suramin	126-133	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	92-122
7514028-1	1994	The ability of a series of polysulphonated naphthylureas structurally related to suramin to inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or serum-stimulated growth of endothelial cells [either large vessel, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or microvascular, bovine adrenal capillary endothelial (BACE) cells] and angiogenesis in vivo has been examined.	Suramin	81-88	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-130
7514028-1	1994	The ability of a series of polysulphonated naphthylureas structurally related to suramin to inhibit basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or serum-stimulated growth of endothelial cells [either large vessel, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or microvascular, bovine adrenal capillary endothelial (BACE) cells] and angiogenesis in vivo has been examined.	Suramin	81-88	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
7512498-15	1994	Since suramin and staurosporine increased media levels of the IGFBP, this suggests that constitutive secretion of TGF-beta 1, bFGF, or EGF might provide a tonic suppressive mechanism for controlling IGFBP secretion.	Suramin	6-13	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	114-124
7512498-15	1994	Since suramin and staurosporine increased media levels of the IGFBP, this suggests that constitutive secretion of TGF-beta 1, bFGF, or EGF might provide a tonic suppressive mechanism for controlling IGFBP secretion.	Suramin	6-13	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	126-130
7521360-6	1994	Our results show that when CsA is used as the primary ISD, further proliferation can be inhibited by rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or suramin.	Suramin	134-141	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	27-30
8182538-12	1994	Independently of its effects on the CRC, suramin inhibited the Ca(++)-adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.38, SERCA1) of SR membrane vesicles.	Suramin	41-48	ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1	Homo sapiens	109-115
8154891-4	1994	On the other hand, suramin inhibited the stimulatory effect of EGF to PC-13 in a dose dependent manner.	Suramin	19-26	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
8154891-6	1994	These results indicate that suramin may withhold the cell proliferation and cell growth via suppression of the EGF cell stimulatory effects.	Suramin	28-35	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
8039810-7	1994	Furthermore, suramin dramatically reduced expression of CD14 and partially reduced complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and CR4 expression on monocytes.	Suramin	13-20	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-60
8039810-7	1994	Furthermore, suramin dramatically reduced expression of CD14 and partially reduced complement receptor type 3 (CR3) and CR4 expression on monocytes.	Suramin	13-20	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
8039810-8	1994	In contrast, suramin slightly induced MHC class I antigens on monocytes and CD71 on U937 cells.	Suramin	13-20	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	76-80
7515879-9	1994	When cells which express receptor forms with prominent box 3 function were treated with suramin, a ligand-independent gene stimulation via the IL-6 response element was observed.	Suramin	88-95	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
8194474-0	1994	Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor in the rat adrenal cortex: effects of suramin and unilateral adrenalectomy on receptor numbers.	Suramin	78-85	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-30
8194474-6	1994	This approach was used to demonstrate that suramin (a bFGF antagonist) pretreatment of rats results in bFGF receptor up-regulation in the adrenal cortex.	Suramin	43-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
8194474-6	1994	This approach was used to demonstrate that suramin (a bFGF antagonist) pretreatment of rats results in bFGF receptor up-regulation in the adrenal cortex.	Suramin	43-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
8147900-1	1994	The effects of the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, on ADP-induced increases in human platelet cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inhibition of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity were investigated.	Suramin	47-54	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	19-34
8113863-3	1994	Suramin inhibited specific 125I-IGF-I binding to meningioma tissue sections in concentration-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) of 8.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(-5) M. The addition of 10(-3) M suramin to the incubation buffer potently dissociated 125I-IGF-I previously bound to meningioma tissue as a function of time (dissociation half-life (T1/2) 6.8 minutes).	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
8113863-3	1994	Suramin inhibited specific 125I-IGF-I binding to meningioma tissue sections in concentration-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) of 8.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(-5) M. The addition of 10(-3) M suramin to the incubation buffer potently dissociated 125I-IGF-I previously bound to meningioma tissue as a function of time (dissociation half-life (T1/2) 6.8 minutes).	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	265-270
8113863-5	1994	Suramin inhibited the IGF-I-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine into meningioma cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 4.6 +/- 1.4 x 10(-5) M. The growth rate of meningioma cells (determined 4 days after seeding) was reduced by 10%, 20%, and 50% of the control culture in the presence of 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) M suramin, respectively.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
8113863-5	1994	Suramin inhibited the IGF-I-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine into meningioma cells in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 4.6 +/- 1.4 x 10(-5) M. The growth rate of meningioma cells (determined 4 days after seeding) was reduced by 10%, 20%, and 50% of the control culture in the presence of 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) M suramin, respectively.	Suramin	330-337	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
8113863-6	1994	These results suggest that suramin interferes with IGF-I binding to meningioma tissue and inhibits proliferation of cells, at least partially by preventing IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis and probably by interacting with IGF-I directly rather than with its binding sites.	Suramin	27-34	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
8113863-6	1994	These results suggest that suramin interferes with IGF-I binding to meningioma tissue and inhibits proliferation of cells, at least partially by preventing IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis and probably by interacting with IGF-I directly rather than with its binding sites.	Suramin	27-34	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
8113863-6	1994	These results suggest that suramin interferes with IGF-I binding to meningioma tissue and inhibits proliferation of cells, at least partially by preventing IGF-I-induced DNA synthesis and probably by interacting with IGF-I directly rather than with its binding sites.	Suramin	27-34	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
7516183-1	1994	A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group.	Suramin	376-383	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	84-88
7516183-1	1994	A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group.	Suramin	376-383	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	220-224
7516183-1	1994	A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group.	Suramin	376-383	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	220-224
7516183-1	1994	A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group.	Suramin	376-383	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	220-224
7912156-15	1994	The P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (300 MicroM) markedly inhibited constrictor responses to ATP and alpha, beta-methylene-ATP, but not those to electrical stimulation and to noradrenaline.	Suramin	32-39	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
7833116-13	1994	We found a synergistic effect for the combination of suramin with CDDP and TNF in both cell lines.	Suramin	53-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-78
8080687-0	1994	Suramin inhibits growth and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) binding in osteosarcoma cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-61
8132736-0	1994	Suramin inhibits tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated through natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, monocytes, and tumor necrosis factor.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	80-90
8132736-0	1994	Suramin inhibits tumor cell cytotoxicity mediated through natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, monocytes, and tumor necrosis factor.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-151
8132736-9	1994	Besides its effects on cell-mediated cytotoxicity, suramin also inhibited the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against different tumor cell lines.	Suramin	51-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-120
8132736-9	1994	Besides its effects on cell-mediated cytotoxicity, suramin also inhibited the cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against different tumor cell lines.	Suramin	51-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-125
8132736-10	1994	Furthermore, we found that suramin interferes with the binding of TNF with its receptor.	Suramin	27-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-69
8132736-11	1994	Thus our results indicate that suramin overall downregulates the immune system by inhibiting cell-mediated and TNF-mediated cytotoxicity against different tumor cells.	Suramin	31-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
7699415-1	1994	Suramin is a novel anticancer agent that blocks the binding of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), to their receptors.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	89-119
7699415-1	1994	Suramin is a novel anticancer agent that blocks the binding of growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), to their receptors.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
8302595-4	1994	Similar to recombinant Wnt-1 proteins, native Wnt-1 proteins are associated with the cell surface upon secretion and can be released by suramin treatment of the cells.	Suramin	136-143	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
8300609-9	1994	We established that the apoE3-enriched beta-VLDL were bound to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, as was the newly synthesized and secreted apoE3 (approximately 12% of the total secreted apoE3 was released by heparinase and suramin; 4% by heparin).	Suramin	233-240	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	24-29
8257443-6	1993	Suramin inhibited plasmin activation of pro-uPA by a non-competitive mechanism (Ki approx.	Suramin	0-7	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	18-25
8257443-6	1993	Suramin inhibited plasmin activation of pro-uPA by a non-competitive mechanism (Ki approx.	Suramin	0-7	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	44-47
8167916-4	1993	The suramin-induced inhibition was reversed completely by adding excess basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the culture medium and partially by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Suramin	4-11	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	72-102
8167916-4	1993	The suramin-induced inhibition was reversed completely by adding excess basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the culture medium and partially by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).	Suramin	4-11	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
8274446-4	1993	The biological ability of AIGF to stimulate SC-3 cell growth is inhibited by heparin or suramin.	Suramin	88-95	fibroblast growth factor 8	Homo sapiens	26-30
7692970-8	1993	SOS competes with heparin and suramin for the aFGF polyanion binding site as measured by both fluorescence and light scattering based competitive binding assays.	Suramin	30-37	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
8135485-2	1993	We decided to investigate the relationship between suramin treatment and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and II (IGF-II) in advanced breast, prostate and lung cancer patients.	Suramin	51-58	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	89-117
8135485-2	1993	We decided to investigate the relationship between suramin treatment and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and II (IGF-II) in advanced breast, prostate and lung cancer patients.	Suramin	51-58	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
8135485-2	1993	We decided to investigate the relationship between suramin treatment and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and II (IGF-II) in advanced breast, prostate and lung cancer patients.	Suramin	51-58	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	134-140
8135485-4	1993	A significant decline of IGF-I and IGF-II serum levels was demonstrated in suramin treated patients.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
8135485-4	1993	A significant decline of IGF-I and IGF-II serum levels was demonstrated in suramin treated patients.	Suramin	75-82	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	35-41
7692920-0	1993	Suramin inhibits bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	17-21
7692920-1	1993	The effects of suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor mitogenic activity, were evaluated on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells and on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos.	Suramin	15-22	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	92-122
7692920-1	1993	The effects of suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor mitogenic activity, were evaluated on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells and on angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos.	Suramin	15-22	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	124-128
7692920-3	1993	The 4-fold increase in [3H]-thymidine uptake in endothelial cells in vitro upon stimulation with 10 ng ml-1 of bFGF was inhibited by suramin 300 micrograms ml-1.	Suramin	133-140	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	111-115
8298793-18	1993	In addition to its antagonist effects, suramin (10-4 M) markedly increased the maximum amplitude of the depolarization produced by ATP.8.	Suramin	39-46	ATP synthase 8, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
8227330-0	1993	Suramin interferes with interleukin-6 receptor binding in vitro and inhibits colon-26-mediated experimental cancer cachexia in vivo.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	24-37
8227330-6	1993	Suramin prevents the binding of IL-6 to its cell surface receptor subunits, as demonstrated by radioreceptor binding assay and affinity crosslinking experiments.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	32-36
8227330-7	1993	Furthermore, the uptake of radioactive IL-6 by the liver is significantly reduced in suramin-treated mice.	Suramin	85-92	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	39-43
8227330-9	1993	Collectively, these results suggest that suramin inhibits cancer-associated wasting, in part by interfering with the binding of IL-6 to its receptor.	Suramin	41-48	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	128-132
8080687-0	1994	Suramin inhibits growth and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) binding in osteosarcoma cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-73
8080687-5	1994	We also showed that suramin is able, dose-dependently, to prevent binding of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 to its receptors.	Suramin	20-27	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-116
7506509-4	1993	While RT inhibition followed a mixed competitive and non-competitive mechanism, inhibition of the DNA polymerase alpha was competitive for suramin and non-competitive for NF415 and NF345.	Suramin	139-146	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	98-118
8297786-0	1993	Suramin prevents transcription of dorsal marker genes in Xenopus laevis embryos, isolated dorsal blastopore lips and activin A induced animal caps.	Suramin	0-7	inhibin subunit beta A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	117-126
8285265-6	1993	Suramin (0.1 mM), a growth factor antagonist, blocked bFGF receptor interaction in vitro and, at 200 mg/kg given 5-7 days before adrenal surgery, blocked compensatory growth.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	233-237
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	233-237
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
8285265-7	1993	Conversely, at 2.0 mg/kg, suramin significantly enhanced the compensatory growth response, perhaps caused by suramin-induced bFGF receptor upregulation, since suramin pretreatment also enhanced DNA synthesis in response to exogenous bFGF in vitro.	Suramin	109-116	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	233-237
7688203-7	1993	Suramin and reactive blue 2, which are recognized antagonists of ATP-operated purinergic receptors in other tissues, inhibited ATP-induced uptake of ethidium+ in lymphocytes with K1/2 of 61 and 69 microM, respectively.	Suramin	0-7	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	179-189
7687632-0	1993	Suramin inhibits the stimulation of acute phase plasma protein genes by IL-6-type cytokines in rat hepatoma cells.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
7687632-3	1993	The action of the IL-6-type cytokines is more sensitive to suramin inhibition that that of IL-1 beta.	Suramin	59-66	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
8333852-0	1993	Suramin, an experimental chemotherapeutic drug, irreversibly blocks T cell CD45-protein tyrosine phosphatase in vitro.	Suramin	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	75-79
8333852-2	1993	More recently, the demonstration that suramin inhibits DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptase and the lymphocyte terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase has led to its clinical trials for the treatment of AIDS and cancer.	Suramin	38-45	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Homo sapiens	113-150
8333852-5	1993	Here we demonstrate that suramin strongly inhibits the activity of CD45, the principal tyrosine specific protein phosphatase of T lymphocytes.	Suramin	25-32	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	67-71
8333852-6	1993	Suramin-induced inactivation of CD45 is noncompetitive, irreversible and complete within 10 min.	Suramin	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	32-36
8333852-7	1993	The ability of suramin to block CD45 mediated phosphatase function provides both new insight into the mechanism of action of this agent and a useful new probe for studies of T cell activation.	Suramin	15-22	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	32-36
8297786-2	1993	Suramin also prevents activin A induced dorsalization of animal cap explants from blastula stage embryos, but it simultaneously evokes a shift of the differentiation pattern from dorsal mesodermal structures (notochord, somites) to ventral mesodermal derivatives (mesothelium and erythroid precursor cells).	Suramin	0-7	inhibin subunit beta A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	22-31
8508806-8	1993	This is confirmed by the different capacity of various sulfated compounds (including dextran sulfates, suramin, trypan blue, and sulfate ion) to protect bFGF from tryptic digestion.	Suramin	103-110	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	153-157
8509393-0	1993	Suramin induces deoligomerization of human tumor necrosis factor alpha.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-70
8509393-1	1993	Suramin inhibits the biological activity of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) through a direct action on the ligand rather than on its receptors (Grazioli, L., Alzani, R., Ciomei, M., Mariani, M., Restivo, A., Cozzi, E., and Marcucci, F. (1992) Int.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-77
8509393-1	1993	Suramin inhibits the biological activity of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) through a direct action on the ligand rather than on its receptors (Grazioli, L., Alzani, R., Ciomei, M., Mariani, M., Restivo, A., Cozzi, E., and Marcucci, F. (1992) Int.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-82
8509393-4	1993	In order to clarify the mechanism whereby suramin leads to inhibition of TNF, we investigated the possibility that suramin might modify the quaternary structure of TNF which is biologically active as a trimer.	Suramin	42-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-76
8509393-4	1993	In order to clarify the mechanism whereby suramin leads to inhibition of TNF, we investigated the possibility that suramin might modify the quaternary structure of TNF which is biologically active as a trimer.	Suramin	115-122	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-167
8509393-6	1993	Taking advantage of this assay we observed, upon incubation with suramin, dissociation of TNF.	Suramin	65-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-93
8509393-7	1993	Suramin-induced dissociation of TNF was confirmed by gel filtration chromatography.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-35
8332555-3	1993	The first phase of NPY-induced contraction of neonatal duodenum was concentration dependent and partially inhibited by preincubation with tetrodotoxin, a Na+ channel blocker, hyoscine, a muscarinic antagonist, suramin, a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, and indomethacin, an inhibitor for prostaglandin biosynthesis.	Suramin	210-217	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
8383683-0	1993	Binding of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator to its cell surface receptor is inhibited by low doses of suramin.	Suramin	110-117	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	15-51
8467499-8	1993	Treatment of intact cells with suramin, which dissociates ligand-receptor complexes, revealed that the EGF receptor-mediated mitogenic response is functional in both glucocorticoid-treated and untreated cells.	Suramin	31-38	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	103-106
8447432-7	1993	PDGF B-chain mRNA was also increased by TGF-beta at 48 h. A neutralizing anti-PDGF B-antibody causes no reduction of TGF-beta-induced DNA synthesis; however, suramin completely inhibited the mitogenic effect of TGF-beta.	Suramin	158-165	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
8447432-7	1993	PDGF B-chain mRNA was also increased by TGF-beta at 48 h. A neutralizing anti-PDGF B-antibody causes no reduction of TGF-beta-induced DNA synthesis; however, suramin completely inhibited the mitogenic effect of TGF-beta.	Suramin	158-165	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-48
8447432-7	1993	PDGF B-chain mRNA was also increased by TGF-beta at 48 h. A neutralizing anti-PDGF B-antibody causes no reduction of TGF-beta-induced DNA synthesis; however, suramin completely inhibited the mitogenic effect of TGF-beta.	Suramin	158-165	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
8383683-1	1993	The multipotent drug suramin, which is currently being studied as an anticancer agent, was found to inhibit the interaction between the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its cellular receptor.	Suramin	21-28	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	136-172
8383683-1	1993	The multipotent drug suramin, which is currently being studied as an anticancer agent, was found to inhibit the interaction between the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its cellular receptor.	Suramin	21-28	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	174-178
8381048-0	1993	Suramin inhibits growth and yet promotes insulin-like growth factor II expression in HepG2 cells.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	41-70
8381048-2	1993	In parallel, suramin induced the expression of the 6.0-kilobase transcript of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) but had no significant effect on transforming growth factor beta 1 mRNA levels in these cells.	Suramin	13-20	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	78-115
8381048-4	1993	The growth-inhibitory effect of suramin was not mediated through IGF II, since addition of IGF II directly to the medium mildly stimulated the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-responsive manner.	Suramin	32-39	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	91-97
8431356-3	1993	It was found that both under serum-containing and serum-free culture conditions, and in the absence or presence of oestradiol or insulin-like growth factor-1, prolonged exposure (&gt; or = 48 h) to suramin caused an accumulation of surviving cells in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle.	Suramin	198-205	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	129-157
7678839-7	1993	Pretreatment of SC-3 cells with suramin decreased cell surface 125I-bFGF binding without altering dissociation constant (Kd) of the binding sites.	Suramin	32-39	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
7678839-10	1993	Moreover, suramin completely blocked androgen- or bFGF-induced accumulation of FGF receptor-1 mRNA.	Suramin	10-17	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
7678839-11	1993	The inhibitory effects of suramin on FGF receptor expression were reversed by simultaneous addition of high concentrations of bFGF.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	126-130
8382276-5	1993	In the 1 to 100 microM concentration range, in which no toxic effect on bone cells was observed, suramin effectively suppressed bone resorption regardless of whether it was mediated by endogenous prostaglandin production or induced by parathyroid hormone (Ki = 70 microM), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Ki = 70 microM), epidermal growth factor (Ki = 5 microM) or thrombin (Ki = 5 microM).	Suramin	97-104	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	321-344
8382276-5	1993	In the 1 to 100 microM concentration range, in which no toxic effect on bone cells was observed, suramin effectively suppressed bone resorption regardless of whether it was mediated by endogenous prostaglandin production or induced by parathyroid hormone (Ki = 70 microM), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Ki = 70 microM), epidermal growth factor (Ki = 5 microM) or thrombin (Ki = 5 microM).	Suramin	97-104	coagulation factor II	Mus musculus	364-372
8423800-6	1993	The observed altered growth properties mediated by G alpha 12 showed a certain degree of dependency on serum factors, and its mitogenic potential was also potently inhibited by suramin treatment.	Suramin	177-184	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12	Mus musculus	51-61
8419075-0	1993	Modulation of CD4 by suramin.	Suramin	21-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	14-17
8422287-4	1993	Radioreceptor and affinity cross-linking assays showed that suramin was also able to reduce the binding of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to its receptor (40-50% inhibition at 100 micrograms/ml).	Suramin	60-67	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	107-135
8422287-4	1993	Radioreceptor and affinity cross-linking assays showed that suramin was also able to reduce the binding of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to its receptor (40-50% inhibition at 100 micrograms/ml).	Suramin	60-67	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
8422287-6	1993	In conclusion, the strict correlation observed between suramin inhibition of proliferation and IGF-I binding on HBCCL suggests a possible therapeutic role for this molecule as an antineoplastic drug in human breast tumours.	Suramin	55-62	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
7686384-2	1993	We analysed the relationship between the binding of aFGF on the HAR and on the LAR in bovine lens epithelial (BEL) cells in the presence of heparin or suramin.	Suramin	151-158	fibroblast growth factor 1	Bos taurus	52-56
8324385-4	1993	Suramin suppressed the proliferation of PBMC in response to various stimuli, including OKT3, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), phorbolmyristate-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin, purified protein derivate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) and antibodies against CD2.	Suramin	0-7	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	250-253
8324385-9	1993	Suramin also decreased the expression of T cell surface molecules such as CD2, CD25 and CD4 in preactivated PBMC and had pronounced effects on cytokine production.	Suramin	0-7	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-77
8324385-9	1993	Suramin also decreased the expression of T cell surface molecules such as CD2, CD25 and CD4 in preactivated PBMC and had pronounced effects on cytokine production.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	79-83
8324385-9	1993	Suramin also decreased the expression of T cell surface molecules such as CD2, CD25 and CD4 in preactivated PBMC and had pronounced effects on cytokine production.	Suramin	0-7	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-91
8324385-11	1993	Whereas the secretion of interferon-gamma was completely suppressed by suramin, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production was stimulated.	Suramin	71-78	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	25-41
8366758-6	1993	At 30 microM, alpha, beta-mATP induced ATP release in a suramin-sensitive but Ca(2+)- and atropine-insensitive manner, suggesting P2-receptor-mediated release of ATP from the smooth muscle.	Suramin	56-63	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	26-30
7511269-5	1993	The polyanionic compounds suramin and dextran sulfates which have been shown to inactivate a variety of growth factors e.g. EGF/TGF alpha inhibit growth of LNCaP cells and DU 145 cells in a dose dependent and reversible fashion.	Suramin	26-33	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-137
8217281-6	1993	Suramin at growth inhibiting concentrations only partly antagonized the growth stimulating effect of EGF indicating that other mechanisms of action may also contribute to the growth inhibitory activity of suramin.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
8217281-6	1993	Suramin at growth inhibiting concentrations only partly antagonized the growth stimulating effect of EGF indicating that other mechanisms of action may also contribute to the growth inhibitory activity of suramin.	Suramin	205-212	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
1485540-6	1992	The growth of HuH-7 cells transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice was significantly suppressed by intravenous injection of suramin.	Suramin	126-133	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	14-19
8419075-3	1993	In the presence of rhIL-2 (1000 U/ml), suramin (200 micrograms/ml) caused a decrease in percentage of cells expressing the predominantly T cell antigen CD3; no change in percentage of cells expressing the T suppressor/cytotoxic subset antigen, CD8; a small rise in those expressing the natural killer cell antigen, CD56; and a large significant fall in those expressing the T helper subset antigen CD4 (48.51% versus 27.97%; P &lt; 0.001).	Suramin	39-46	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	244-247
8419075-3	1993	In the presence of rhIL-2 (1000 U/ml), suramin (200 micrograms/ml) caused a decrease in percentage of cells expressing the predominantly T cell antigen CD3; no change in percentage of cells expressing the T suppressor/cytotoxic subset antigen, CD8; a small rise in those expressing the natural killer cell antigen, CD56; and a large significant fall in those expressing the T helper subset antigen CD4 (48.51% versus 27.97%; P &lt; 0.001).	Suramin	39-46	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	315-319
8419075-3	1993	In the presence of rhIL-2 (1000 U/ml), suramin (200 micrograms/ml) caused a decrease in percentage of cells expressing the predominantly T cell antigen CD3; no change in percentage of cells expressing the T suppressor/cytotoxic subset antigen, CD8; a small rise in those expressing the natural killer cell antigen, CD56; and a large significant fall in those expressing the T helper subset antigen CD4 (48.51% versus 27.97%; P &lt; 0.001).	Suramin	39-46	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	398-401
8419075-4	1993	CD4 modulation by suramin was also found on the CD4+ cell lines CEM and MOLT-4.	Suramin	18-25	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
8419075-4	1993	CD4 modulation by suramin was also found on the CD4+ cell lines CEM and MOLT-4.	Suramin	18-25	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	48-51
8419075-6	1993	The modulatory effect of suramin on CD4 expression was not reversible over a 96-h culture period in its continued presence.	Suramin	25-32	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	36-39
8419075-7	1993	However, on removal of suramin by extensive washing, recovery of CD4 expression was detected within 24 h. Suramin-induced modulation, but not PMA-induced modulation, could be partially inhibited by preincubation with tyrphostin (12 microM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	Suramin	23-30	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	65-68
8419075-7	1993	However, on removal of suramin by extensive washing, recovery of CD4 expression was detected within 24 h. Suramin-induced modulation, but not PMA-induced modulation, could be partially inhibited by preincubation with tyrphostin (12 microM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.	Suramin	106-113	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	65-68
1280137-5	1992	Interestingly, when 125I-FGF-1 was used to stimulate quiescent NIH 3T3 cells, a significant amount of internalized 125I-FGF-1 (approximately 10%) was found within the nucleus and the nuclear localization of FGF-1 through the exogenous pathway could be significantly reduced by suramin, an inhibitor of the interaction of FGF-1 with its receptor.	Suramin	277-284	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	25-30
1280137-5	1992	Interestingly, when 125I-FGF-1 was used to stimulate quiescent NIH 3T3 cells, a significant amount of internalized 125I-FGF-1 (approximately 10%) was found within the nucleus and the nuclear localization of FGF-1 through the exogenous pathway could be significantly reduced by suramin, an inhibitor of the interaction of FGF-1 with its receptor.	Suramin	277-284	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	120-125
1280137-5	1992	Interestingly, when 125I-FGF-1 was used to stimulate quiescent NIH 3T3 cells, a significant amount of internalized 125I-FGF-1 (approximately 10%) was found within the nucleus and the nuclear localization of FGF-1 through the exogenous pathway could be significantly reduced by suramin, an inhibitor of the interaction of FGF-1 with its receptor.	Suramin	277-284	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	120-125
1280137-5	1992	Interestingly, when 125I-FGF-1 was used to stimulate quiescent NIH 3T3 cells, a significant amount of internalized 125I-FGF-1 (approximately 10%) was found within the nucleus and the nuclear localization of FGF-1 through the exogenous pathway could be significantly reduced by suramin, an inhibitor of the interaction of FGF-1 with its receptor.	Suramin	277-284	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	120-125
1425426-10	1992	Bone resorption induced by PTH, epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, and a tumor-produced factor, PTH related-protein, was blocked by suramin.	Suramin	145-152	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	27-30
1425426-10	1992	Bone resorption induced by PTH, epidermal growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, and a tumor-produced factor, PTH related-protein, was blocked by suramin.	Suramin	145-152	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	109-112
1390688-2	1992	The direct interaction of suramin with acidic fibroblast growth factor has been detected by the enhancement of the drug"s fluorescence in the presence of the protein with the maximum effect occurring at a molar ratio of suramin to aFGF of 2:1.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	231-235
1390688-4	1992	The binding of suramin to aFGF also induces aggregation of the growth factor to at least a hexameric state as detected by static and dynamic light scattering as well as by gel filtration studies.	Suramin	15-22	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
1390688-6	1992	Suramin produces an even greater aggregation of bFGF and PDGF but not of EGF or IGF-1.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
1390688-7	1992	Evidence for a suramin-induced conformational change in IGF-1 but not EGF is found by CD, however.	Suramin	15-22	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
1390688-9	1992	In the case of aFGF, suramin interacts at or near its heparin binding site.	Suramin	21-28	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
1330614-0	1992	Suramin: a selective inhibitor of purinergic neurotransmission in the rat isolated vas deferens.	Suramin	0-7	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
1330614-1	1992	The effects of the putative P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin on contractile responses of the rat isolated vas deferens to electrical field stimulation and exogenously applied drugs (alpha,beta-methylene ATP and noradrenaline) were investigated.	Suramin	55-62	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
1330614-9	1992	Suramin (300 microM) abolished responses of the vas deferens to alpha,beta-methylene ATP but was without effect on those to noradrenaline.	Suramin	0-7	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
1330614-11	1992	The inhibitory effects of suramin (3-300 microM) on responses of the vas deferens to approximate EC50 concentrations of alpha,beta-methylene ATP were reversible on repeated washout for 40-60 min.	Suramin	26-33	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
1325302-2	1992	Treatment of the SW2 SCLC cell line with suramin and interferons alpha and gamma increased the level of N-CAM expression only slightly and had no significant effect on the cytotoxic activity of the SEN36 immunotoxin.	Suramin	41-48	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
1330637-6	1992	ATP receptor coupled to the cyclic AMP generation was shown to be different from that coupled to phospholipase C based on the difference in the potency order of the receptor agonists and in the sensitivity of P2 receptor agonists to 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX)- and suramin-induced antagonism.	Suramin	279-286	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Bos taurus	0-12
1357069-3	1992	The results show that suramin, at concentrations similar to serum levels obtainable during therapy, inhibited the proliferation of thyroid cells as well as the secretion of thyroglobulin.	Suramin	22-29	thyroglobulin	Homo sapiens	173-186
1280487-2	1992	AT and DNase I were inhibited by suramin in a dose-dependent manner (DE50 = 65 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively).	Suramin	33-40	deoxyribonuclease 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-14
1512858-4	1992	Half-maximal inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to T24 and HT1376 cells was produced by suramin concentration of approximately 300 and 100 microM, respectively.	Suramin	110-117	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	27-55
1512858-4	1992	Half-maximal inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to T24 and HT1376 cells was produced by suramin concentration of approximately 300 and 100 microM, respectively.	Suramin	110-117	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
1327385-2	1992	The P2-purinoceptor antagonists suramin (80-230 microM) or reactive blue 2 (2-20 microM) depressed the ATP-induced currents but not those produced by acetylcholine.	Suramin	32-39	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	4-19
1380282-2	1992	Suramin has recently been described to possess antineoplastic activity in animals and humans, and it has been proposed that an important role in this activity is played by antagonism of growth factors and especially bFGF.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	216-220
1380282-4	1992	Suramin showed an inhibitory activity on bFGF-induced angiogenesis, whereas it was inactive in the case of heparin-complexed bFGF.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	41-45
1380282-6	1992	Suramin was able to reduce tumour growth and tumour induced angiogenesis, and exogenous administration of bFGF countered suramin effects.	Suramin	121-128	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	106-110
1419849-1	1992	Suramin, a polyanionic compound, which has previously shown to dissociate platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) from its receptor, prevents the differentiation of neural (brain) structures of recombinants of dorsal blastopore lip (Spemann"s organizer) and competent neuroectoderm.	Suramin	0-7	platelet derived growth factor subunit A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	74-104
1419849-1	1992	Suramin, a polyanionic compound, which has previously shown to dissociate platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) from its receptor, prevents the differentiation of neural (brain) structures of recombinants of dorsal blastopore lip (Spemann"s organizer) and competent neuroectoderm.	Suramin	0-7	platelet derived growth factor subunit A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	106-110
1639540-3	1992	The concentration of suramin which gave 50% growth inhibition (IC50) varied from 45 microM in SW-1573/IR500 to 153 microM in PC3 cells grown in medium supplemented with 5% FCS, after 6 days of continuous exposure.	Suramin	21-28	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	125-128
1556185-0	1992	Suramin, an experimental chemotherapeutic drug, activates the receptor for epidermal growth factor and promotes growth of certain malignant cells.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	75-98
1405609-0	1992	Suramin interference with transforming growth factor-beta inhibition of human renal cell carcinoma in culture.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-57
1405609-3	1992	While suramin at 50-500 micrograms/ml had no significant effect on the growth of renal cell carcinoma in culture in our experiments, it did partially reverse the growth inhibition induced by TGF-beta in the two cell lines tested.	Suramin	6-13	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	191-199
1405609-4	1992	This effect apparently is caused by suramin"s direct interference with 125I-labeled TGF-beta"s ability to bind to the cell, and not by any effect of suramin on the TGF-beta receptor.	Suramin	36-43	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	84-92
1405609-5	1992	Furthermore, suramin dissociates TGF-beta bound to the cell with a t1/2 of less than 30 min.	Suramin	13-20	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-41
1405609-6	1992	These results are consistent with those previously reported regarding suramin"s interaction with other protein growth factors, and suggest that suramin may interact with the TGF-beta protein itself to inactivate it.	Suramin	70-77	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-182
1405609-6	1992	These results are consistent with those previously reported regarding suramin"s interaction with other protein growth factors, and suggest that suramin may interact with the TGF-beta protein itself to inactivate it.	Suramin	144-151	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-182
1351659-4	1992	Here we record excitatory synaptic potentials and currents from cultured coeliac ganglion neurons which are mimicked by ATP, blocked by the P2-purinoceptor antagonist suramin, desensitized by alpha,beta-methylene-ATP and unaffected by antagonists acting at nicotine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), non-NMDA glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline or adenosine receptors.	Suramin	167-174	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	140-155
1375536-0	1992	Potential autocrine role of insulin-like growth factor II during suramin-induced differentiation of HT29-D4 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line.	Suramin	65-72	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	28-57
1375536-4	1992	However, the addition of 40-100 micrograms/ml suramin, i.e., concentrations identical to the ones that are able to induce HT29-D4 cell differentiation, induces the release of IGF-II from IGF-II-IGFBP complexes, thereby allowing IGF-II to bind to the cell surface receptors.	Suramin	46-53	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	175-181
1375536-4	1992	However, the addition of 40-100 micrograms/ml suramin, i.e., concentrations identical to the ones that are able to induce HT29-D4 cell differentiation, induces the release of IGF-II from IGF-II-IGFBP complexes, thereby allowing IGF-II to bind to the cell surface receptors.	Suramin	46-53	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	187-193
1375536-4	1992	However, the addition of 40-100 micrograms/ml suramin, i.e., concentrations identical to the ones that are able to induce HT29-D4 cell differentiation, induces the release of IGF-II from IGF-II-IGFBP complexes, thereby allowing IGF-II to bind to the cell surface receptors.	Suramin	46-53	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	187-193
1375536-6	1992	Thus, suramin might have the unusual capacity to allow the establishment of an IGF-II autocrine loop involved in HT29-D4 cell differentiation.	Suramin	6-13	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	79-85
1592534-5	1992	A suramin concentration of 100 micrograms/ml brought about a 100% stimulation of the proliferation of ZR/HERc cells, ZR 75.1 cells ectopically expressing a human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) cDNA.	Suramin	2-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	162-194
1592534-5	1992	A suramin concentration of 100 micrograms/ml brought about a 100% stimulation of the proliferation of ZR/HERc cells, ZR 75.1 cells ectopically expressing a human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) cDNA.	Suramin	2-9	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	196-201
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	37-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	156-184
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	37-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	37-44	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	196-226
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	37-44	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	228-232
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	85-92	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	156-184
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	85-92	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	85-92	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	196-226
1592534-7	1992	The non-specificity of the action of suramin was established by the observation that suramin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation could be abolished by insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and even by estradiol, both in complete growth medium and under defined serum-free conditions.	Suramin	85-92	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	228-232
1581314-3	1992	The first step of this pathway was the binding of LDL apoB to a single class of sites on the plasma membrane and was reversible in the presence of greater than or equal to 10 mM suramin.	Suramin	178-185	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	54-58
1524218-5	1992	Suramin inhibited [125I]-TGF alpha binding (IC50 = 0.20 mM).	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34
1349525-1	1992	This study extends, to a series of larger anions, our earlier investigation of the interaction of the trypanocidal drug suramin and other small negatively charged molecules with yeast phosphoglycerate kinase.	Suramin	120-127	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	184-207
1325955-0	1992	Inhibitory effect of suramin on receptor binding and cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha.	Suramin	21-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-102
1325955-1	1992	The effect of suramin on the binding of human Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (huTNF alpha) to specific cell-surface receptors as well as on its cytotoxic activity in vitro was investigated.	Suramin	14-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-73
1631791-4	1992	It is demonstrated that in plasma suramin inhibits factors V, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII, while thrombin, prothrombin, and factor VII are unaffected.	Suramin	34-41	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	62-66
1556185-4	1992	Our findings demonstrate that suramin enhances cell surface signaling in A431 cells by activating an autocrine loop involving the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR).	Suramin	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	143-166
1556185-4	1992	Our findings demonstrate that suramin enhances cell surface signaling in A431 cells by activating an autocrine loop involving the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR).	Suramin	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	168-172
1556185-7	1992	Since suramin potently blocks tyrosine phosphorylation induced by platelet-derived growth factor but can activate the growth pathway regulated by the EGFR, biological responses of tumor cells to suramin treatment may differ dramatically.	Suramin	195-202	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	150-154
1738172-1	1992	In this study, the polyanionic compound suramin was shown to be a potent in vitro growth inhibitor of both hormone-insensitive, estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells (MDA MB231 and SK-BR-3) and hormone-responsive, estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells (ZR 75-1, T47D, and MCF7).	Suramin	40-47	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	128-145
1312901-0	1992	Suramin inhibits the growth of human rhabdomyosarcoma by interrupting the insulin-like growth factor II autocrine growth loop.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-103
1312901-4	1992	IGF-II and IGF-I added to RMS cells in the presence of suramin reversed the suramin-induced inhibition of cell growth.	Suramin	55-62	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
1312901-4	1992	IGF-II and IGF-I added to RMS cells in the presence of suramin reversed the suramin-induced inhibition of cell growth.	Suramin	55-62	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
1312901-4	1992	IGF-II and IGF-I added to RMS cells in the presence of suramin reversed the suramin-induced inhibition of cell growth.	Suramin	76-83	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
1312901-4	1992	IGF-II and IGF-I added to RMS cells in the presence of suramin reversed the suramin-induced inhibition of cell growth.	Suramin	76-83	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
1312901-5	1992	Since IGF-II exerts its mitogenic effects on RMS cells by binding to the type I receptor, we performed radioreceptor assays using 125I-IGF-I and found that suramin displaced 125I-IGF-I from the type I IGF receptor.	Suramin	156-163	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
1312901-5	1992	Since IGF-II exerts its mitogenic effects on RMS cells by binding to the type I receptor, we performed radioreceptor assays using 125I-IGF-I and found that suramin displaced 125I-IGF-I from the type I IGF receptor.	Suramin	156-163	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
1312901-5	1992	Since IGF-II exerts its mitogenic effects on RMS cells by binding to the type I receptor, we performed radioreceptor assays using 125I-IGF-I and found that suramin displaced 125I-IGF-I from the type I IGF receptor.	Suramin	156-163	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
1312901-6	1992	There was an excellent correlation between the doses of suramin effective in inhibiting the growth of RMS cells and those that displaced the binding of IGF-I.	Suramin	56-63	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
1312901-7	1992	Our data indicate that suramin exerts its effect on RMS cell growth by interfering with the binding of IGF-II to the type I IGF receptor, thereby interrupting the IGF-II autocrine growth in these cells.	Suramin	23-30	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
1312901-7	1992	Our data indicate that suramin exerts its effect on RMS cell growth by interfering with the binding of IGF-II to the type I IGF receptor, thereby interrupting the IGF-II autocrine growth in these cells.	Suramin	23-30	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	163-169
1532803-6	1992	The suppression of the MLR by suramin is due predominantly to the inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by the responding T cells.	Suramin	30-37	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	80-93
1532803-6	1992	The suppression of the MLR by suramin is due predominantly to the inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by the responding T cells.	Suramin	30-37	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
1311629-2	1992	We now demonstrate that suramin interferes with the binding of IGF-I to its receptor at the surface of HT29-D4 cells.	Suramin	24-31	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
1311629-3	1992	Half-maximum inhibition of 125I-IGF-I binding was obtained in the presence of 25 micrograms/ml suramin.	Suramin	95-102	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
1559134-0	1992	Effects of the P2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin, on human platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5"-diphosphate.	Suramin	43-50	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	15-30
1508796-0	1992	The antiproliferative effect of suramin on the cancer cell line SW-13 is mediated by the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1).	Suramin	32-39	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	103-136
1508796-0	1992	The antiproliferative effect of suramin on the cancer cell line SW-13 is mediated by the inhibition of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1).	Suramin	32-39	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	138-148
1738172-1	1992	In this study, the polyanionic compound suramin was shown to be a potent in vitro growth inhibitor of both hormone-insensitive, estrogen receptor-negative human breast cancer cells (MDA MB231 and SK-BR-3) and hormone-responsive, estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells (ZR 75-1, T47D, and MCF7).	Suramin	40-47	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	229-246
1738172-4	1992	In MCF7 cells, not only did suramin block the mitogenic action of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II, respectively), but it also totally abolished the increase in cell proliferation induced by the steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2).	Suramin	28-35	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	161-166
1738172-4	1992	In MCF7 cells, not only did suramin block the mitogenic action of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II, respectively), but it also totally abolished the increase in cell proliferation induced by the steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol (E2).	Suramin	28-35	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	171-177
1738172-5	1992	Maximal inhibition was obtained after 5 days of suramin treatment, and inhibition either was partially reversed by E2, IGF-I, and IGF-II or was not reversible by EGF following removal of drug.	Suramin	48-55	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
1738172-5	1992	Maximal inhibition was obtained after 5 days of suramin treatment, and inhibition either was partially reversed by E2, IGF-I, and IGF-II or was not reversible by EGF following removal of drug.	Suramin	48-55	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	130-136
1738172-6	1992	In addition, suramin significantly decreased synthesis and secretion of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D, which was shown to be associated with a high risk of breast tumor metastasis.	Suramin	13-20	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	93-104
1738172-7	1992	These results therefore suggest that, because of its effects on growth and cathepsin D secretion, suramin might be a helpful additional therapeutic tool for breast cancer patients, especially for patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors which are insensitive to antihormonal strategies.	Suramin	98-105	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	75-86
1738172-7	1992	These results therefore suggest that, because of its effects on growth and cathepsin D secretion, suramin might be a helpful additional therapeutic tool for breast cancer patients, especially for patients with estrogen receptor-negative tumors which are insensitive to antihormonal strategies.	Suramin	98-105	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	210-227
1371336-5	1992	Secreted Wnt-2 protein was detected in the culture medium only after cells were treated with suramin indicating that, like Wnt-1 protein, Wnt-2 is tightly associated with the cell surface.	Suramin	93-100	Wnt family member 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
1371336-5	1992	Secreted Wnt-2 protein was detected in the culture medium only after cells were treated with suramin indicating that, like Wnt-1 protein, Wnt-2 is tightly associated with the cell surface.	Suramin	93-100	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
1371336-5	1992	Secreted Wnt-2 protein was detected in the culture medium only after cells were treated with suramin indicating that, like Wnt-1 protein, Wnt-2 is tightly associated with the cell surface.	Suramin	93-100	Wnt family member 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
1655808-6	1991	Since transformation by either the glycosylated or unglycosylated form of kFGF can be reversed by addition of suramin, the data imply that secretion of kFGF, or surface localization of the ligand/receptor complex, is a prerequisite for transformation.	Suramin	110-117	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
1682476-5	1991	The ATP release as well as the contraction evoked by alpha,beta-mATP or beta,gamma-mATP were effectively inhibited by 300 microM suramin, a P2 purinoceptor antagonist.	Suramin	129-136	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	64-68
1655808-6	1991	Since transformation by either the glycosylated or unglycosylated form of kFGF can be reversed by addition of suramin, the data imply that secretion of kFGF, or surface localization of the ligand/receptor complex, is a prerequisite for transformation.	Suramin	110-117	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	152-156
1682476-5	1991	The ATP release as well as the contraction evoked by alpha,beta-mATP or beta,gamma-mATP were effectively inhibited by 300 microM suramin, a P2 purinoceptor antagonist.	Suramin	129-136	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	83-87
1899122-6	1991	The combination of suramin plus TNF induced a greater inhibition of growth than did either agent alone, even at the low dose of 10 microM suramin.	Suramin	138-145	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-35
1719003-9	1991	In contrast, suramin and protamin sulfate completely displaced 125I-VAS/VEGF binding from HUVE cells.	Suramin	13-20	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	72-76
1658542-4	1991	The data show that suramin decreases basal, as well as ACTH-stimulated, cortisol secretion in a dose-dependent manner (P less than .05 from 300 mumol/L upward).	Suramin	19-26	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	55-59
1658542-5	1991	At a suramin concentration of 3 mmol/L, cortisol secretion was inhibited by 70% +/- 4% in ACTH-stimulated cells and by 42% +/- 6% in unstimulated cells.	Suramin	5-12	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	90-94
1658542-7	1991	Both inhibition of cortisol secretion and inhibition of adrenocortical cell proliferation were not due to toxicity of the compound, as could be shown by restimulation of cortisol secretion in suramin-treated cells with ACTH.	Suramin	192-199	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	219-223
1742342-4	1991	Before that time, the mitogenic response to bFGF is abolished by 1) removal of extracellular bFGF by suramin, 2) addition of neutralizing anti-bFGF antibodies to the culture medium, 3) inhibition of PKC activity by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7, and 4) down-regulation of PKC by cotreatment with phorbol ester.	Suramin	101-108	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	44-48
1742342-4	1991	Before that time, the mitogenic response to bFGF is abolished by 1) removal of extracellular bFGF by suramin, 2) addition of neutralizing anti-bFGF antibodies to the culture medium, 3) inhibition of PKC activity by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7, and 4) down-regulation of PKC by cotreatment with phorbol ester.	Suramin	101-108	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	93-97
1742342-4	1991	Before that time, the mitogenic response to bFGF is abolished by 1) removal of extracellular bFGF by suramin, 2) addition of neutralizing anti-bFGF antibodies to the culture medium, 3) inhibition of PKC activity by the protein kinase inhibitor H-7, and 4) down-regulation of PKC by cotreatment with phorbol ester.	Suramin	101-108	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	93-97
2056586-0	1991	Inhibition of prostatic tumor cell proliferation by suramin: alterations in TGF alpha-mediated autocrine growth regulation and cell cycle distribution.	Suramin	52-59	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-85
2056586-3	1991	The present studies were designed to evaluate the ability of suramin to inhibit PC3 and DU145 proliferation by interfering with TGFa-mediated autocrine growth.	Suramin	61-68	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	80-83
2056586-3	1991	The present studies were designed to evaluate the ability of suramin to inhibit PC3 and DU145 proliferation by interfering with TGFa-mediated autocrine growth.	Suramin	61-68	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-132
2056586-7	1991	Suramin also interfered with TGFa-mediated growth mechanisms.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-33
2056586-8	1991	Specifically, suramin reduced the specific binding of TGFa to PC3 and DU145 cells.	Suramin	14-21	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-58
2056586-8	1991	Specifically, suramin reduced the specific binding of TGFa to PC3 and DU145 cells.	Suramin	14-21	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	62-65
2056586-9	1991	Additionally, the inhibitory effect of suramin on DU145 was reversed by cultivation of cells in the presence of excess TGFa.	Suramin	39-46	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-123
2056586-11	1991	These studies show that the inhibitory effect of suramin on PC3 and DU145 cell growth is mediated, in part, by alteration of TGFa-mediated autocrine growth mechanisms and cell cycle kinetics.	Suramin	49-56	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	60-63
2056586-11	1991	These studies show that the inhibitory effect of suramin on PC3 and DU145 cell growth is mediated, in part, by alteration of TGFa-mediated autocrine growth mechanisms and cell cycle kinetics.	Suramin	49-56	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	125-129
1708834-5	1991	Suramin and dextran sulfate showed slight selective inhibition of K-FGF-induced proliferation, ie, inhibition three- and five-fold greater, respectively, than the inhibition of proliferation independent of K-FGF.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
1645359-4	1991	Suramin, an inhibitor of growth factor receptor binding, inhibits the cytotoxicity of basic FGF-SAP.	Suramin	0-7	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	96-99
1829089-4	1991	When added to ndk cultures, suramin causes the cells to grow in coherent patches.	Suramin	28-35	cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
1680282-3	1991	Treatment with curative doses of the trypanocidal drug suramin caused a rapid decrease in CRP.	Suramin	55-62	C-reactive protein	Canis lupus familiaris	90-93
1718343-2	1991	Suramin, Evans blue, and Trypan blue were shown to inhibit syncytia formation normally observed when HIV-1-infected cells are cocultured with CD4+ cells.	Suramin	0-7	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	142-145
1998521-4	1991	Guinea pig [125I]VPF binding to endothelial cells was inhibited by human VPF (ID50 = 0.8 ng/ml) and by suramin (ID50 = 75 micrograms/ml) but not by heparin.	Suramin	103-110	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	17-20
1988290-4	1991	Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the nuclear localization of newly synthesized bFGF occurs when GM 7372 cells are biosynthetically labeled both in the absence and in the presence of suramin, a molecule that inhibits the binding of bFGF to its plasma membrane receptor.	Suramin	198-205	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	95-99
1988290-4	1991	Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the nuclear localization of newly synthesized bFGF occurs when GM 7372 cells are biosynthetically labeled both in the absence and in the presence of suramin, a molecule that inhibits the binding of bFGF to its plasma membrane receptor.	Suramin	198-205	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	247-251
1899122-8	1991	However, the combination of interferon gamma plus suramin (30 microM) induced less inhibition of proliferation than did interferon gamma alone.	Suramin	50-57	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	120-136
1751832-1	1991	Suramin is an anti-helminthic drug that has been shown to antagonize the effects of a variety of growth factors including EGF, PDGF and TGF beta.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	136-144
1984091-11	1991	Motility which had been restored by bFGF could then be blocked by the presence of suramin.	Suramin	82-89	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
1984091-13	1991	Suramin inhibits cell motility in both the human prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and the rat (MLL).	Suramin	0-7	lysine methyltransferase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
1723207-4	1991	It was found that two injections of suramin (0.18 mmol/kg) to normal NMRI mice at -24 and -2 h induced a moderate depression of the activities of islet acid amyloglucosidase (-22%) and acid phosphatase (-13%), whereas no effect was recorded for the activities of acid alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the non-lysosomal enzyme neutral alpha-glucosidase.	Suramin	36-43	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	268-285
1723207-4	1991	It was found that two injections of suramin (0.18 mmol/kg) to normal NMRI mice at -24 and -2 h induced a moderate depression of the activities of islet acid amyloglucosidase (-22%) and acid phosphatase (-13%), whereas no effect was recorded for the activities of acid alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the non-lysosomal enzyme neutral alpha-glucosidase.	Suramin	36-43	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	287-318
1723207-4	1991	It was found that two injections of suramin (0.18 mmol/kg) to normal NMRI mice at -24 and -2 h induced a moderate depression of the activities of islet acid amyloglucosidase (-22%) and acid phosphatase (-13%), whereas no effect was recorded for the activities of acid alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the non-lysosomal enzyme neutral alpha-glucosidase.	Suramin	36-43	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	356-373
1723207-5	1991	Direct addition of different concentrations of suramin to islet homogenates showed that the drug was a potent inhibitor of acid amyloglucosidase and acid alpha-glucosidase at pH 4.0.	Suramin	47-54	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	154-171
1723207-6	1991	At pH 5.0, suramin induced a large increase in acid alpha-glucosidase activity, whereas acid amyloglucosidase and acid phosphatase were inhibited.	Suramin	11-18	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	52-69
1667418-0	1991	Suramin inhibits vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding and VIP-induced cAMP accumulation into two human cancerous cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	17-46
1667418-0	1991	Suramin inhibits vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding and VIP-induced cAMP accumulation into two human cancerous cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
1667418-0	1991	Suramin inhibits vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding and VIP-induced cAMP accumulation into two human cancerous cell lines.	Suramin	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	65-68
1667418-1	1991	The antihelminthic drug suramin inhibits the binding of monoradioiodinated VIP (125I-VIP) to two human cancerous cell lines, namely HT 29-D4 and IGR 39 derived from a colic adenocarcinoma and a superficial melanoma respectively, with an IC50 of 280 micrograms/ml.	Suramin	24-31	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	75-78
1667418-1	1991	The antihelminthic drug suramin inhibits the binding of monoradioiodinated VIP (125I-VIP) to two human cancerous cell lines, namely HT 29-D4 and IGR 39 derived from a colic adenocarcinoma and a superficial melanoma respectively, with an IC50 of 280 micrograms/ml.	Suramin	24-31	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	85-88
1667418-4	1991	Suramin at 1000 micrograms/ml inhibits by 56% to 99% the cAMP accumulation induced by VIP, depending on the VIP concentrations and the cell lines used for the experiments.	Suramin	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
1667418-4	1991	Suramin at 1000 micrograms/ml inhibits by 56% to 99% the cAMP accumulation induced by VIP, depending on the VIP concentrations and the cell lines used for the experiments.	Suramin	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	108-111
1780643-5	1991	This lesion was added to the liver cirrhosis caused by CCl4 in the group treated with suramin and CCl4.	Suramin	86-93	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
2174730-6	1990	DNA polymerase alpha is sensitive to lower concentrations of suramin [concentration to achieve 50% inhibition (IC50) of 8 microM] than is DNA polymerase delta (IC50 36 microM), whereas DNA polymerase beta is relatively insensitive to the drug (IC50 of 90 microM).	Suramin	61-68	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	0-20
34534610-3	2021	We monitored the effect of favipiravir, ribavirin, sofosbuvir triphosphate PSI-7409 and suramin on RdRp binding to RNA immobilized on the chip.	Suramin	88-95	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	99-103
2170005-11	1990	Additionally, we confirm the inhibitory effects of suramin on epidermal growth factor receptor binding in a human intestinal cell line.	Suramin	51-58	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	62-94
1980898-6	1990	In addition, suramin also caused a parallel decrease of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release by cells cultured in MEM only, suggesting a toxic, rather than a selective effect of suramin on anterior pituitary cells cultured in MEM only.	Suramin	13-20	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
1980898-6	1990	In addition, suramin also caused a parallel decrease of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release by cells cultured in MEM only, suggesting a toxic, rather than a selective effect of suramin on anterior pituitary cells cultured in MEM only.	Suramin	13-20	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	76-90
1980898-6	1990	In addition, suramin also caused a parallel decrease of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release by cells cultured in MEM only, suggesting a toxic, rather than a selective effect of suramin on anterior pituitary cells cultured in MEM only.	Suramin	13-20	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	92-94
1980898-7	1990	In addition, suramin potentiated the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on PRL release by cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS and suppressed the inhibitory effect of dopamine (DA) on PRL release by cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS and in MEM + 0.1% BSA.	Suramin	13-20	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	47-76
1980898-8	1990	Comparable suppressive effects of suramin on growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated and somatostatin (SRIH)-inhibited GH release were found in cells cultured in MEM + 0.1% BSA but not in cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS.	Suramin	34-41	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	45-77
1980898-8	1990	Comparable suppressive effects of suramin on growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated and somatostatin (SRIH)-inhibited GH release were found in cells cultured in MEM + 0.1% BSA but not in cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS.	Suramin	34-41	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
1692253-0	1990	Suramin prevents binding of interleukin 2 to its cell surface receptor: a possible mechanism for immunosuppression.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	28-41
1692253-0	1990	Suramin prevents binding of interleukin 2 to its cell surface receptor: a possible mechanism for immunosuppression.	Suramin	0-7	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	49-70
1692253-4	1990	We demonstrate herein that suramin induces a concentration-dependent decrease in binding of 125I-labeled IL2 to its receptor complex on human and murine T-lymphocytes.	Suramin	27-34	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	105-108
1692253-5	1990	Binding of 125I-labeled IL2 to both Mr 75,000 and 55,000 IL2 binding molecules was inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	96-103	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
1692253-5	1990	Binding of 125I-labeled IL2 to both Mr 75,000 and 55,000 IL2 binding molecules was inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	96-103	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
1692253-6	1990	Similar concentrations of suramin were required to inhibit binding of 125I-labeled IL2, IL2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, and IL2-induced proliferation, suggesting that these processes may be linked.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	83-86
1692253-6	1990	Similar concentrations of suramin were required to inhibit binding of 125I-labeled IL2, IL2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, and IL2-induced proliferation, suggesting that these processes may be linked.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	88-91
1692253-6	1990	Similar concentrations of suramin were required to inhibit binding of 125I-labeled IL2, IL2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, and IL2-induced proliferation, suggesting that these processes may be linked.	Suramin	26-33	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	88-91
1692253-7	1990	With murine cells, suramin-induced growth inhibition could be overcome completely by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that suramin inhibited growth by competing for the IL2 receptor.	Suramin	19-26	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	117-120
1692253-7	1990	With murine cells, suramin-induced growth inhibition could be overcome completely by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that suramin inhibited growth by competing for the IL2 receptor.	Suramin	19-26	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	184-187
1692253-7	1990	With murine cells, suramin-induced growth inhibition could be overcome completely by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that suramin inhibited growth by competing for the IL2 receptor.	Suramin	138-145	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	117-120
1692253-7	1990	With murine cells, suramin-induced growth inhibition could be overcome completely by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that suramin inhibited growth by competing for the IL2 receptor.	Suramin	138-145	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	184-187
1692253-8	1990	With human cells, growth inhibition by suramin could only be partially overcome by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that an additional growth-inhibiting mechanism is present.	Suramin	39-46	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
1692253-9	1990	The ability of suramin to prevent binding of IL2 to its receptor was used to confirm that prolonged interaction of IL2 with its receptor is required to induce cell proliferation.	Suramin	15-22	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	45-48
1692253-9	1990	The ability of suramin to prevent binding of IL2 to its receptor was used to confirm that prolonged interaction of IL2 with its receptor is required to induce cell proliferation.	Suramin	15-22	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
1692253-10	1990	Since IL2 plays a role in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, the ability of suramin to inhibit binding of IL2 to its receptor may explain, in part, the in vivo immunosuppressive activities of suramin.	Suramin	87-94	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
1692253-10	1990	Since IL2 plays a role in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, the ability of suramin to inhibit binding of IL2 to its receptor may explain, in part, the in vivo immunosuppressive activities of suramin.	Suramin	203-210	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
2141513-6	1990	Suramin inhibited PDGF and b-FGF stimulated cell growth.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
1980898-8	1990	Comparable suppressive effects of suramin on growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated and somatostatin (SRIH)-inhibited GH release were found in cells cultured in MEM + 0.1% BSA but not in cells cultured in MEM + 10% FCS.	Suramin	34-41	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	79-81
2166171-4	1990	We now demonstrate for the first time that suramin interferes with the interaction between IGF-I and its receptor and abolishes in vitro IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of these osteosarcoma cells.	Suramin	43-50	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
2166171-4	1990	We now demonstrate for the first time that suramin interferes with the interaction between IGF-I and its receptor and abolishes in vitro IGF-I-stimulated proliferation of these osteosarcoma cells.	Suramin	43-50	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
2166171-6	1990	We conclude that IGF-I should be added to the list of growth factors whose bioactivity can be attenuated by suramin and that clinical studies of suramin and its analogues are indicated in IGF-I-receptor-positive malignancies such as osteogenic sarcoma.	Suramin	108-115	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
2164679-0	1990	Autocrine transformation by chimeric signal peptide-basic fibroblast growth factor: reversal by suramin.	Suramin	96-103	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	52-82
2162847-7	1990	Moreover suramin, when added to CEA-producing HT29-D4-Gal cells, strongly inhibited its release.	Suramin	9-16	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
2162847-12	1990	These results are in favour of a regulatory mechanism, impaired by suramin, which determines the balance between the soluble and the membrane bound forms of CEA.	Suramin	67-74	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	157-160
2140430-5	1990	Treatment with suramin effectively released mature int-1 proteins into the culture fluid, which suggests that secreted int-1 protein associates with the cell surface or extracellular matrix.	Suramin	15-22	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
2140430-5	1990	Treatment with suramin effectively released mature int-1 proteins into the culture fluid, which suggests that secreted int-1 protein associates with the cell surface or extracellular matrix.	Suramin	15-22	Wnt family member 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
2307543-0	1990	Suramin inhibits proliferation of rat glioma cells and alters N-CAM cell surface expression.	Suramin	0-7	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
2307543-9	1990	Indirect immunofluoresence technique showed an important increase in cell surface N-CAM expression, starting from a dose of 10 micrograms/ml suramin, whereas total cellular content of N-CAM protein as well as its mRNA levels were unaffected.	Suramin	141-148	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
2307543-12	1990	Taken together, our results suggest that suramin (i) exerts a blocking effect of autocrine growth factors, (ii) interferes with the turn-over mechanisms of N-CAM expressed at the cell surface, either by impairing its endocytosis and/or the process of release of the N-CAM 120 isoform.	Suramin	41-48	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
2307543-12	1990	Taken together, our results suggest that suramin (i) exerts a blocking effect of autocrine growth factors, (ii) interferes with the turn-over mechanisms of N-CAM expressed at the cell surface, either by impairing its endocytosis and/or the process of release of the N-CAM 120 isoform.	Suramin	41-48	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	266-271
2306703-4	1990	Suramin, 7 x 10(-5) M, caused a 49% decrease in the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) caused by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in intact Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts but did not block the increases in [Ca2+]i caused by bradykinin or vasopressin.	Suramin	0-7	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	246-256
2306703-4	1990	Suramin, 7 x 10(-5) M, caused a 49% decrease in the elevation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) caused by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in intact Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts but did not block the increases in [Ca2+]i caused by bradykinin or vasopressin.	Suramin	0-7	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	260-271
2251224-2	1990	Suramin and protamine are potent in vitro growth factor antagonists.	Suramin	0-7	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	42-55
2251224-9	1990	These results suggest that the growth factor antagonists suramin and protamine given in vivo have a differential ability to slow the growth of malignant vs. normal prostatic cells.	Suramin	57-64	myotrophin	Rattus norvegicus	31-44
34786571-5	2021	The applicability for high-throughput screening of inhibitors is demonstrated with the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain, for which we identify suramin as a moderate-affinity yet non-specific inhibitor.	Suramin	138-145	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	98-102
34534610-4	2021	Suramin precluded interaction of RdRp with RNA and even displaced RdRp from RNA.	Suramin	0-7	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	33-37
34534610-4	2021	Suramin precluded interaction of RdRp with RNA and even displaced RdRp from RNA.	Suramin	0-7	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	66-70
34351815-17	2021	However, the PRP plus suramin group had reduced fibronectin expression at the injury site.	Suramin	22-29	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-59
34516120-9	2021	Use of this new framework to design potentially specific suramin analogs is exemplified using the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and nucleocapsid protein, identifying leads that might inhibit a wide range of coronaviruses.	Suramin	57-64	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	142-154
34476266-6	2021	Molecular docking and binding free energy calculations against RdRp enzyme identified suramin as a potential compound that showed the highest docking score of -7.83 Kcal/mole and binding energy of -80.83 Kcal/mole as a comparison to other compounds.	Suramin	86-93	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	63-67
34243631-10	2021	KIM-1 excretion was higher in diabetic rats and suramin further increased excretion of KIM-1 in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats.	Suramin	48-55	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
34351815-2	2021	PURPOSE: To investigate whether suramin (a TGF-beta inhibitor) can reduce muscle fibrosis to improve healing of the injured muscle after PRP treatment and identify the underlying molecular mechanism.	Suramin	32-39	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	43-51
34351815-2	2021	PURPOSE: To investigate whether suramin (a TGF-beta inhibitor) can reduce muscle fibrosis to improve healing of the injured muscle after PRP treatment and identify the underlying molecular mechanism.	Suramin	32-39	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
34351815-15	2021	The upregulation of phosphorylated Smad2 by PRP was reduced by either the anti-TGF-beta antibody or suramin.	Suramin	100-107	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
34351815-15	2021	The upregulation of phosphorylated Smad2 by PRP was reduced by either the anti-TGF-beta antibody or suramin.	Suramin	100-107	proline rich protein 2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	27-35
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	69-101
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	103-109
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	111-184
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	190-198
34372688-9	2021	RESULTS: Suramin inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, downregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4, and ADAMTS-5, and upregulated collagen 2A (Col2a1) and aggrecan in IL-1beta-treated NP cells.	Suramin	9-16	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	229-235
34372688-10	2021	IL-1beta-induced inflammation, assessed by IL-1beta, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulation, was alleviated by suramin treatment.	Suramin	136-143	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-8
34372688-10	2021	IL-1beta-induced inflammation, assessed by IL-1beta, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulation, was alleviated by suramin treatment.	Suramin	136-143	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	43-51
34372688-10	2021	IL-1beta-induced inflammation, assessed by IL-1beta, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulation, was alleviated by suramin treatment.	Suramin	136-143	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	53-57
34372688-10	2021	IL-1beta-induced inflammation, assessed by IL-1beta, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulation, was alleviated by suramin treatment.	Suramin	136-143	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	93-102
34372688-11	2021	Suramin suppressed IL-1beta-mediated proteoglycan depletion and the induction of MMP-3, ADAMTS-4, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in ex vivo experiments.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	19-27
34372688-11	2021	Suramin suppressed IL-1beta-mediated proteoglycan depletion and the induction of MMP-3, ADAMTS-4, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in ex vivo experiments.	Suramin	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
34372688-11	2021	Suramin suppressed IL-1beta-mediated proteoglycan depletion and the induction of MMP-3, ADAMTS-4, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in ex vivo experiments.	Suramin	0-7	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	88-96
34279763-6	2021	Our western blot experiment results showed that while Suramin decreased SIRT5 and RSV decreased FOXO3a protein expressions significantly in HCT-116 p53 -/- cells, 5-FU decreased significantly SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions in a p53 independent manner.	Suramin	54-61	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	72-77
34279763-6	2021	Our western blot experiment results showed that while Suramin decreased SIRT5 and RSV decreased FOXO3a protein expressions significantly in HCT-116 p53 -/- cells, 5-FU decreased significantly SIRT5 and FOXO3a protein expressions in a p53 independent manner.	Suramin	54-61	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	96-102
34202215-8	2021	However, TNF-alpha alone effectively increased the excitability of naive neurons, which was blocked by suramin or 4-AP.	Suramin	103-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	9-18
34106944-4	2021	Moreover, we have compared NhPV with another compound, Suramin, for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities and the mode of their actions, and found that both NhPV and Suramin are able to directly interrupt SCoV-2-SP binding to its receptor ACE2 and block the viral entry step.	Suramin	161-168	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	234-238
34198322-7	2021	From this, we have identified FPA-124 and several suramin-related compounds as novel inhibitors of nsp13 helicase activity in vitro.	Suramin	50-57	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	105-113
34198323-11	2021	We identified three novel compounds (GSK-650394, C646 and BH3I-1) and confirmed suramin and suramin-like compounds as in vitro SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity inhibitors.	Suramin	80-87	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	138-142
34198323-11	2021	We identified three novel compounds (GSK-650394, C646 and BH3I-1) and confirmed suramin and suramin-like compounds as in vitro SARS-CoV-2 RdRp activity inhibitors.	Suramin	92-99	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	138-142
2684395-5	1989	An approximately 2-fold increase in the level of c-myc mRNA was observed in cells cultured for 3 days in suramin-containing medium and then incubated during 3 h in the absence of suramin (with or without 10% fetal calf serum).	Suramin	105-112	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	49-54
34185429-11	2021	Finally, MCM10 inhibitors Suramin and its analogues were revealed to effectively block the metastasis of ESCC cells.	Suramin	26-33	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	9-14
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	139-157	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	172-175
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	139-157	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	176-179
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	139-157	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	239-242
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	159-162	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	172-175
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	159-162	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	176-179
35203378-4	2022	We use a range of approaches to show for the first time that two small molecules-repurposed drugs I-OMe tyrphostin AG538 (I-OMe-AG238) and suramin hexasodium (SHS)-inhibit NS5-NS3 binding at low muM concentration through direct binding to NS5 that impacts thermostability.	Suramin	159-162	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	239-242
35047478-0	2021	Synthesis of Novel Suramin Analogs With Anti-Proliferative Activity via FGF1 and FGFRD2 Blockade.	Suramin	19-26	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
35047478-5	2021	All the suramin derivatives showed anti-proliferative activity by blocking FGF1 binding to its receptor FGFRD2.	Suramin	8-15	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
2553749-12	1989	Treatment of the transformed transfected NIH 3T3 cells with suramin, which blocks the interaction of bFGF with its receptor, reversed the morphological transformation and restored receptors almost to normal numbers.	Suramin	60-67	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	101-105
2575615-9	1989	Suramin, which by itself produced a short-lived decrease, followed by a persistent increase in blood pressure, decreased the pressor responses to ATP (initial phase), to mATP and to electrical stimulation without affecting the fall and second rise in blood pressure elicited by ATP and the pressor response to noradrenaline.	Suramin	0-7	solute carrier family 45, member 2	Mus musculus	170-174
35444406-9	2022	At the same time, we found that alcohol feeding promoted the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, both of which were effectively inhibited by suramin (20 mg/kg).	Suramin	141-148	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	80-84
35444406-9	2022	At the same time, we found that alcohol feeding promoted the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, both of which were effectively inhibited by suramin (20 mg/kg).	Suramin	141-148	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	89-95
35444406-10	2022	In vitro, suramin or P2Y2R silencing effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, similar to the down-regulated effects of their corresponding inhibitors (EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126) accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta compared to alcohol-induced AML-12 cell.	Suramin	10-17	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	82-86
35444406-10	2022	In vitro, suramin or P2Y2R silencing effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, similar to the down-regulated effects of their corresponding inhibitors (EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126) accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta compared to alcohol-induced AML-12 cell.	Suramin	10-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	91-97
35444406-10	2022	In vitro, suramin or P2Y2R silencing effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, similar to the down-regulated effects of their corresponding inhibitors (EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126) accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta compared to alcohol-induced AML-12 cell.	Suramin	10-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	198-204
35444406-10	2022	In vitro, suramin or P2Y2R silencing effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, similar to the down-regulated effects of their corresponding inhibitors (EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126) accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta compared to alcohol-induced AML-12 cell.	Suramin	10-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	255-264
35444406-10	2022	In vitro, suramin or P2Y2R silencing effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, similar to the down-regulated effects of their corresponding inhibitors (EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126) accompanied by reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta compared to alcohol-induced AML-12 cell.	Suramin	10-17	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	269-277
35156855-6	2022	Inhibition of RecA by suramin, an anti-Trypanosoma drug, reduced the conversion rate of persisters to resistors in a diverse group of bacteria.	Suramin	22-29	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	14-18
2684395-5	1989	An approximately 2-fold increase in the level of c-myc mRNA was observed in cells cultured for 3 days in suramin-containing medium and then incubated during 3 h in the absence of suramin (with or without 10% fetal calf serum).	Suramin	179-186	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	49-54
2656707-3	1989	As soon as 6 days after the addition of suramin (100 micrograms/ml) in the culture medium, the cells form a polarized monolayer of regular columnar cells with occluding junctions delimiting two distinct membrane domains (apical and basolateral) and an apical brush-border expressing alkaline phosphatase and sucrase-isomaltase.	Suramin	40-47	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	308-326
3415441-3	1988	Because of suramin"s chemical structure, it was hypothesized that the drug might cause a positive DAT in vitro and possibly in vivo.	Suramin	11-18	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
2494272-3	1989	First, we demonstrated that the activities of the three lysosomal enzymes, acid amyloglucosidase, acid alpha-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, were inhibited in mouse islet homogenates upon direct addition of suramin (p less than 0.001).	Suramin	225-232	O-GlcNAcase	Mus musculus	126-157
2677670-8	1989	Suramin treatment of the CHO cells during pulse-chase experiments increased the amount of 44,000-molecular-weight int-1 protein in the culture medium.	Suramin	0-7	wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1	Mus musculus	114-119
3263953-4	1988	However, the inhibitory effect of CRDGF becomes apparent on HT-29 cells after overnight exposure of these to suramin (at 37 degrees C).	Suramin	109-116	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	34-39
3263953-5	1988	A short exposure to suramin (1 hr at 4 degrees C) or a mild acid washing of HT-29 cells can partially restore the inhibitory activity of CRDGF.	Suramin	20-27	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	137-142
3263953-6	1988	These observations suggest that the action of suramin results in an unmasking of substantial levels of CRDGF receptors on HT-29 cells.	Suramin	46-53	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	103-108
3263953-7	1988	Scatchard analysis of EGF binding on suramin-treated HT-29 cells shows that CRDGF inhibits EGF binding by decreasing EGF receptor affinity, as previously observed with the non-colonic cell types.	Suramin	37-44	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	76-81
3263953-8	1988	A similar unmasking of CRDGF receptors is observed when the other colorectal cell lines are exposed to suramin.	Suramin	103-110	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	23-28
3417781-4	1988	Cell movement is also reversibly inhibited by the addition of protamine sulfate and suramin; two agents reported to block bFGF binding to its receptor.	Suramin	84-91	fibroblast growth factor 2	Bos taurus	122-126
3415441-4	1988	Suramin was found to produce a positive DAT in vitro at concentrations of 2100 mg/L or greater but did not cause a positive DAT in five patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were treated with suramin, probably because the serum levels of suramin were too low in these patients (peak therapeutic blood levels ranged from 171 to 443 mg/L).	Suramin	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	40-43
2450743-4	1988	The inhibition constants (Ki) of suramin were determined to be 2.6 microM, 0.35 microM, 0.54 microM and 0.70 microM for DNA primase, DNA polymerase alpha, RLV reverse transcriptase and E. coli RNA polymerase respectively.	Suramin	33-40	DNA primase	Escherichia coli	120-131
3277859-2	1988	The inhibition of the amplified bombesin stimulation can be partially reversed by either, incubation of the cells for 5 h with 1 mM suramin, or by a 30 min preincubation of cells in excess buffer.	Suramin	132-139	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	32-40
3198306-2	1988	In a short-term, TNF-dependent assay, pre-exposure (4-18 h) to 100-400 micrograms/ml suramin was associated with a markedly increased cytotoxicity by human monocytes and murine-elicited peritoneal macrophages, paralleled by a greater cytotoxic capacity in the supernates of these effectors.	Suramin	85-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-20
3198306-5	1988	Pre- and post-incubations with suramin resulted in increased macrophagic cytotoxicity for TNF-insensitive targets.	Suramin	31-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-93
3387409-5	1988	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase therefore, could be one of the targets of suramin in vivo.	Suramin	76-83	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-33
2897831-2	1987	At higher concentrations (500 micrograms/ml) suramin was toxic to the cells and even resulted in an increased percentage of cells positive for the p19 viral core protein.	Suramin	45-52	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	147-150
2897831-3	1987	Suramin treatment at the onset of the CBL coculture with a lethally irradiated HTLV-I donor cell line (MT-2) reduced virus transmission, evaluated as number of p19+ cells, and the consequent amount of integrated provirus in the host genome.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	160-163
3810041-2	1986	Suramin suppressed cell surface transferrin (Tf) binding and uptake of iron via inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME).	Suramin	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	32-43
2455725-7	1988	Autophosphorylation of the PDGF receptor and c-fos induction were also prevented by the addition of suramin to the medium.	Suramin	100-107	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	45-50
3096895-5	1986	Experiments using passive transfer of serum as well as the complement inhibitors suramin and flufenamic acid indicated that variations in complement levels under control of H-2 may be responsible for the effects described.	Suramin	81-88	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	173-176
3686902-2	1987	Suramine inhibited pure preparations of cathepsin B and L, while chloroquine inhibited cathepsins B, L and H. The inhibitors were effective in vitro at lower concentrations as compared with these administered in vivo.	Suramin	0-8	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	40-51
3496343-0	1987	Suramin inhibition of growth factor receptor binding and mitogenicity in AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	receptor-like tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	22-44
3496343-3	1987	Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	76-84
3496343-3	1987	Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	87-123
3496343-3	1987	Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	125-131
3496343-3	1987	Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	138-161
3496343-3	1987	Suramin also inhibited the ability of FBS, transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), heparin-binding growth factor type-2 (HBGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimulate DNA synthesis in density-arrested cultures of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	163-166
3496343-4	1987	The inhibition of growth factor-stimulated mitogenicity was directly correlated to the dose of suramin required to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled TGF beta, HBGF-2, and EGF to their cell surface receptors.	Suramin	95-102	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	151-159
3496343-4	1987	The inhibition of growth factor-stimulated mitogenicity was directly correlated to the dose of suramin required to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled TGF beta, HBGF-2, and EGF to their cell surface receptors.	Suramin	95-102	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	161-167
3496343-4	1987	The inhibition of growth factor-stimulated mitogenicity was directly correlated to the dose of suramin required to inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled TGF beta, HBGF-2, and EGF to their cell surface receptors.	Suramin	95-102	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	173-176
3496343-5	1987	Suramin affected TGF beta and HBGF-2-related events at a 10-15-fold lower dose than that required for EGF-related events.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	17-25
3496343-5	1987	Suramin affected TGF beta and HBGF-2-related events at a 10-15-fold lower dose than that required for EGF-related events.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	30-36
3496343-6	1987	It was also noted that suramin inhibited TGF beta-stimulated soft agar colony formation of AKR-2B (clone 84A) cells as well as the spontaneous colony formation of AKR-MCA cells, a chemically transformed derivative of AKR-2B cells.	Suramin	23-30	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	41-49
3810041-2	1986	Suramin suppressed cell surface transferrin (Tf) binding and uptake of iron via inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME).	Suramin	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	45-47
2947512-0	1986	Release of immune complexes bound to CR1 on erythrocytes; suramin inhibits factor I in the presence of EDTA.	Suramin	58-65	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	37-40
3018732-2	1986	Suramin, a drug used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis, has previously been reported to inhibit the interaction of platelet-derived growth factor with its cell surface receptor.	Suramin	0-7	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	176-197
2875899-2	1986	Suramin administration strikingly decreased (3-6 days afterward) the activity of beta-glucuronidase in all tissues studied (kidney, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle).	Suramin	0-7	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	81-99
3017700-5	1986	The receptors were up-regulated by suramin, a drug that is known to dissociate PDGF and the v-sis product from the PDGF receptors.	Suramin	35-42	hypothetical protein	Woolly monkey sarcoma virus	92-97
2424468-1	1986	The effects of suramin, an antiparasitic agent, upon in vitro hepatitis B surface antigen production by the human hepatoma cell line PLC/PRF/5 and hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity in the serum of a chronically infected patient were examined.	Suramin	15-22	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	133-136
2947512-4	1986	Suramin was, irrespective of factor I, found to induce release of CR1-bound IC in the absence of EDTA, whereas factor I-mediated release was inhibited by suramin in the presence of EDTA.	Suramin	0-7	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-69
7291729-2	1981	The activities of the sphingolipid hydrolases beta-hexosaminidase and GM3-sialidase were strongly inhibited by suramin in vitro.	Suramin	111-118	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	46-65
6488590-0	1984	Suramin inhibits the binding of complement-fixing antibody/double-stranded DNA immune complexes to CR1.	Suramin	0-7	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	99-102
6196132-5	1983	Suramin (500 micrograms/ml) decreased both the rate of uptake of formaldehyde-denatured 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) (an adsorptive substrate) and the rate of its subsequent intracellular degradation.	Suramin	0-7	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	109-122
6458294-0	1981	Differential inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase A and beta-hexosaminidase B by suramin.	Suramin	78-85	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	27-46
6458294-0	1981	Differential inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase A and beta-hexosaminidase B by suramin.	Suramin	78-85	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	53-72
6832343-3	1983	Treatment with suramin resulted in marked alterations in the cell biology of the macrophage: (i) increased vacuolization and protein content, (ii) suppressed intracellular phagosome-lysosome fusion, (iii) decreased activity of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and (iv) enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase during phagocytosis.	Suramin	15-22	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	249-267
6832343-3	1983	Treatment with suramin resulted in marked alterations in the cell biology of the macrophage: (i) increased vacuolization and protein content, (ii) suppressed intracellular phagosome-lysosome fusion, (iii) decreased activity of the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and (iv) enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase during phagocytosis.	Suramin	15-22	alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Sanfilippo disease IIIB)	Mus musculus	272-296
6832343-4	1983	Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase may have occurred.	Suramin	12-19	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	120-138
6832343-4	1983	Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase may have occurred.	Suramin	12-19	alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Sanfilippo disease IIIB)	Mus musculus	144-168
6832343-4	1983	Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase may have occurred.	Suramin	12-19	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	267-285
6832343-4	1983	Addition of suramin, in vitro, to cell lysates resulted in a reduction in the catalytic activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase; thereby suggesting that selective interaction, in vivo, between suramin and lysosomes containing beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase may have occurred.	Suramin	12-19	alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Sanfilippo disease IIIB)	Mus musculus	290-314
6408777-7	1983	Suramin, an ODC stimulator, may have enhanced tumor growth.	Suramin	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	12-15
6277909-5	1982	The receptor is eluted with suramin, a newly-found inhibitor of low density lipoprotein-receptor interactions.	Suramin	28-35	low density lipoprotein receptor	Bos taurus	64-96
7291729-3	1981	The activity of beta-hexosaminidase was inhibited 70% by 10(-5M) and 85% by 10(-4M) suramin, and the activity of GM3-sialidase was inhibited 80% by 10(-4M) suramin.	Suramin	84-91	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	16-35
7291729-3	1981	The activity of beta-hexosaminidase was inhibited 70% by 10(-5M) and 85% by 10(-4M) suramin, and the activity of GM3-sialidase was inhibited 80% by 10(-4M) suramin.	Suramin	156-163	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	16-35
7291729-4	1981	The activities of sphingomyelinase and beta-galactosidase were also inhibited by suramin but at higher concentrations of the drug.	Suramin	81-88	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-57
7291729-5	1981	Suramin, in vitro is a weak inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, galactocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase and arylsulfatase A (less than 50% inhibition at 10(-3M) concentration of the drug).	Suramin	0-7	glucosylceramidase beta	Rattus norvegicus	41-59
7291729-5	1981	Suramin, in vitro is a weak inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, galactocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase and arylsulfatase A (less than 50% inhibition at 10(-3M) concentration of the drug).	Suramin	0-7	galactosylceramidase	Rattus norvegicus	61-81
7291729-5	1981	Suramin, in vitro is a weak inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, galactocerebrosidase, alpha-galactosidase and arylsulfatase A (less than 50% inhibition at 10(-3M) concentration of the drug).	Suramin	0-7	arylsulfatase A	Rattus norvegicus	107-122
7291729-6	1981	The inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase by suramin was non-competitive.	Suramin	41-48	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	18-37
7291729-7	1981	Inhibition of beta-hexosaminidase and GM3-sialidase may explain the accumulation of GM2 and GM3 gangliosides in the brains of rats treated intracerebrally with suramin (Constantopoulos et al, 1980).	Suramin	160-167	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	14-33
6781552-2	1980	Inhibition of proteolysis and lysosomal overloading with suramin cause the solubilization of acid hydrolases--beta-galactosidase, acid RNase, cathepsin D.	Suramin	57-64	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-128
6781552-2	1980	Inhibition of proteolysis and lysosomal overloading with suramin cause the solubilization of acid hydrolases--beta-galactosidase, acid RNase, cathepsin D.	Suramin	57-64	cathepsin D	Rattus norvegicus	142-153
398428-8	1979	Suramin, a drug which inhibits platelet secretion, inhibited fn release.	Suramin	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	61-63
606443-7	1977	Treatment of C3b with antrypol inhibited the formation of the enzyme.	Suramin	22-30	complement C3	Homo sapiens	13-16
7272344-5	1981	The inhibitory effect of suramin on intralysosomal digestion of 14C-labelled bovine serum albumin was found in nuclear and light mitochondrial fractions, but not in the heavy mitochondrial fraction.	Suramin	25-32	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	84-97
6774343-5	1980	The activities of the lysosomal enzymes iduronate sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hyaluronidase in the liver of the suramin-treated mature rats were consistently decreased, whereas those of alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan N-sulfatase, arylsulfatase B, and others were considerably increased.	Suramin	119-126	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	61-79
6774343-5	1980	The activities of the lysosomal enzymes iduronate sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hyaluronidase in the liver of the suramin-treated mature rats were consistently decreased, whereas those of alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan N-sulfatase, arylsulfatase B, and others were considerably increased.	Suramin	119-126	alpha-L-iduronidase	Rattus norvegicus	193-212
6774343-5	1980	The activities of the lysosomal enzymes iduronate sulfatase, beta-glucuronidase, and hyaluronidase in the liver of the suramin-treated mature rats were consistently decreased, whereas those of alpha-L-iduronidase, heparan N-sulfatase, arylsulfatase B, and others were considerably increased.	Suramin	119-126	arylsulfatase B	Rattus norvegicus	235-250
6774343-7	1980	The activity of beta-glucuronidase was also strongly inhibited by low concentrations of suramin, but this inhibition was partially decreased at higher concentrations of the drug.	Suramin	88-95	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	16-34
193210-0	1977	Inhibition of fibrinolytic activity of plasmin by suramin (antrypol) and trypan blue.	Suramin	50-57	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	39-46
193210-0	1977	Inhibition of fibrinolytic activity of plasmin by suramin (antrypol) and trypan blue.	Suramin	59-67	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	39-46
845446-3	1977	Suramin (1 mg/ml) completely blocked homologous C3b inactivation by heated human, guinea pig and mouse serum, and 0.1 mg/ml was effective with mouse but not with human or guinea pig serum.	Suramin	0-7	complement C3	Homo sapiens	48-51
32224334-5	2020	They were much more potent than the reference standard inhibitor, suramin (IC50 values against ENPP1 and -3 were 7.77 and 0.89 microM, respectively).	Suramin	66-73	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	95-107
5125-0	1976	Spectroscopic studies on the complex formation of suramin with bovine and human serum albumin.	Suramin	50-57	albumin	Bos taurus	80-93
5125-1	1976	The binding of suramin to bovine and human serum albumin was investigated by gel filtration and spectroscopic measurements.	Suramin	15-22	albumin	Bos taurus	43-56
5125-2	1976	Besides some low-affinity binding sites suramin has, on the bovine serum albumin molecule one and on the human serum albumin molecule two, high-affinity binding sites.	Suramin	40-47	albumin	Bos taurus	67-80
5125-2	1976	Besides some low-affinity binding sites suramin has, on the bovine serum albumin molecule one and on the human serum albumin molecule two, high-affinity binding sites.	Suramin	40-47	albumin	Bos taurus	111-124
4788038-4	1973	In esterolytic tests, the activation of component 1 (C1) to C1 esterase was significantly inhibited by 0.1-0.3 mM suramin, and the activity of C1 esterase by 0.5 mM suramin.3.	Suramin	114-121	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	60-71
4788038-4	1973	In esterolytic tests, the activation of component 1 (C1) to C1 esterase was significantly inhibited by 0.1-0.3 mM suramin, and the activity of C1 esterase by 0.5 mM suramin.3.	Suramin	165-172	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	143-154
4788038-5	1973	Part of the anticoagulant effect of suramin is due to inhibition of the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.4.	Suramin	36-43	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	82-90
4355468-0	1973	Suramin: a potent ATPase inhibitor which acts on the inside surface of the sodium pump.	Suramin	0-7	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	18-24
33463722-5	2021	The suramin analogue NF340 and P2RY11-knockout cells served to confirm that agonist-mediated responses were specific to P2Y11 stimulation.	Suramin	4-11	purinergic receptor P2Y11	Homo sapiens	120-125
33438260-10	2021	Similarly, the increase in COX-2/PGE2 levels in the peritoneum of LPS-treated mice could be significantly abolished in mice that were preinjected with the nonspecific P2 receptor antagonist, suramin.	Suramin	191-198	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	27-32
33445804-9	2021	Suramin also induced an increase in the gap junction protein connexin43 and in vascular endothelial growth factor, which might be involved in the anti-apoptotic effect.	Suramin	0-7	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
32827875-0	2020	Suramin derivatives play an important role in blocking the interaction between FGF1 and FGFRD2 to inhibit cell proliferation.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	79-83
32493769-0	2020	Suramin and NF449 are IP5K inhibitors that disrupt IP6-mediated regulation of cullin RING ligase and sensitize cancer cells to MLN4924/pevonedistat.	Suramin	0-7	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	22-26
32493769-4	2020	Here, we performed screening for small molecules that regulate human IP5K activity, revealing that the antiparasitic drug and polysulfonic compound suramin efficiently inhibits IP5K in vitro and in vivo.	Suramin	148-155	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	69-73
32493769-4	2020	Here, we performed screening for small molecules that regulate human IP5K activity, revealing that the antiparasitic drug and polysulfonic compound suramin efficiently inhibits IP5K in vitro and in vivo.	Suramin	148-155	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	177-181
32493769-5	2020	Results from docking experiments and biochemical validations suggested that suramin targets IP5K in a distinct bidentate manner by concurrently binding to the ATP- and IP5-binding pockets, thereby inhibiting both IP5 phosphorylation and IP5-independent ATP hydrolysis.	Suramin	76-83	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	92-96
32493769-6	2020	NF449, a suramin analog with additional sulfonate moieties, more potently inhibited IP5K.	Suramin	9-16	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	84-88
32493769-7	2020	Both suramin and NF449 disrupted IP6-dependent sequestration of CRL by the deneddylase COP9 Signalosome (CSN), thereby affecting CRL activity cycle and component dynamics in an IP5K-dependent manner.	Suramin	5-12	COP9 signalosome subunit 8	Homo sapiens	87-91
32493769-7	2020	Both suramin and NF449 disrupted IP6-dependent sequestration of CRL by the deneddylase COP9 Signalosome (CSN), thereby affecting CRL activity cycle and component dynamics in an IP5K-dependent manner.	Suramin	5-12	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	177-181
32493769-9	2020	Suramin and its analogs provide structural templates for designing potent and specific IP5K inhibitors, which could be used in combination therapy along with MLN4924/pevonedistat.	Suramin	0-7	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	87-91
32493769-10	2020	IP5K is a potential mechanistic target of suramin, accounting for suramin"s therapeutic effects.	Suramin	42-49	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
32493769-10	2020	IP5K is a potential mechanistic target of suramin, accounting for suramin"s therapeutic effects.	Suramin	66-73	inositol-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
32637364-9	2020	We also found that pre-treatment with the purinergic P2R antagonist suramin inhibits HRV-enhanced MUC5AC expression and protein release, implicating involvement of purinergic signaling by extracellular ATP.	Suramin	68-75	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	98-104
33631206-8	2021	To test the contribution of ATP to the actions of capsaicin, we incubated the ganglia with capsaicin in the presence of P2 purinergic receptor inhibitor suramin (100 microM), which prevented the capsaicin-induced GFAP upregulation.	Suramin	153-160	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	213-217
33979123-4	2021	Among promising candidates identified, several dyes (Congo red, direct violet 1, Evans blue) and novel druglike compounds (DRI-C23041, DRI-C91005) inhibited the interaction of hACE2 with the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV with low micromolar activity in our cell-free ELISA-type assays (IC50"s of 0.2-3.0 muM), whereas control compounds, such as sunset yellow FCF, chloroquine, and suramin, showed no activity.	Suramin	400-407	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	176-181
33979123-4	2021	Among promising candidates identified, several dyes (Congo red, direct violet 1, Evans blue) and novel druglike compounds (DRI-C23041, DRI-C91005) inhibited the interaction of hACE2 with the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 as well as SARS-CoV with low micromolar activity in our cell-free ELISA-type assays (IC50"s of 0.2-3.0 muM), whereas control compounds, such as sunset yellow FCF, chloroquine, and suramin, showed no activity.	Suramin	400-407	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	191-196
33635529-0	2021	Suramin enhances the urinary excretion of VEGF-A in normoglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Suramin	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
33635529-3	2021	Since the ATP-induced release of MMP-9 is mediated by P2Rs, we investigated the effect of suramin on VEGF-A excretion in urine and the urinary activity of total MMP and MMP-9.	Suramin	90-97	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
33635529-4	2021	METHODS: The effect of suramin (10 mg/kg, ip) on VEGF-A concentration in serum and its excretion in urine was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats over a 21-day period.	Suramin	23-30	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
33635529-9	2021	Suramin potentiates VEGF-A urinary excretion by 36% (p = 0.046) in non-diabetic and by 75% (p = 0.0322) in diabetic rats but it did not affect VEGF-A concentration in the serum of non-diabetic and diabetic rats.	Suramin	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
33635529-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Suramin increases the urinary excretion of VEGF-A in normoglycemia and hyperglycaemia, possibly without the involvement of MMP-9.	Suramin	12-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
33635529-12	2021	Suramin may be used as a pharmacological tool enhancing VEGF-A urinary secretion.	Suramin	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
33670019-0	2021	Suramin Targets the Conserved Ligand-Binding Pocket of Human Raf1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein.	Suramin	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-65
33670019-3	2021	Here, we report a novel binding target of suramin, human Raf1 kinase inhibitory protein (hRKIP), which is an important regulatory protein involved in the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal pathway.	Suramin	42-49	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-61
33670019-3	2021	Here, we report a novel binding target of suramin, human Raf1 kinase inhibitory protein (hRKIP), which is an important regulatory protein involved in the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal pathway.	Suramin	42-49	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
33670019-3	2021	Here, we report a novel binding target of suramin, human Raf1 kinase inhibitory protein (hRKIP), which is an important regulatory protein involved in the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal pathway.	Suramin	42-49	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	158-162
33670019-3	2021	Here, we report a novel binding target of suramin, human Raf1 kinase inhibitory protein (hRKIP), which is an important regulatory protein involved in the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal pathway.	Suramin	42-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	163-166
33670019-3	2021	Here, we report a novel binding target of suramin, human Raf1 kinase inhibitory protein (hRKIP), which is an important regulatory protein involved in the Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal pathway.	Suramin	42-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	167-170
33670019-4	2021	Biolayer interference technology showed that suramin had an intermediate affinity for binding hRKIP with a dissociation constant of 23.8 microM.	Suramin	45-52	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
33670019-5	2021	Both nuclear magnetic resonance technology and molecular docking analysis revealed that suramin bound to the conserved ligand-binding pocket of hRKIP, and that residues K113, W173, and Y181 play crucial roles in hRKIP binding suramin.	Suramin	88-95	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	144-149
33670019-5	2021	Both nuclear magnetic resonance technology and molecular docking analysis revealed that suramin bound to the conserved ligand-binding pocket of hRKIP, and that residues K113, W173, and Y181 play crucial roles in hRKIP binding suramin.	Suramin	88-95	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	212-217
33670019-5	2021	Both nuclear magnetic resonance technology and molecular docking analysis revealed that suramin bound to the conserved ligand-binding pocket of hRKIP, and that residues K113, W173, and Y181 play crucial roles in hRKIP binding suramin.	Suramin	226-233	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	212-217
33670019-6	2021	Furthermore, suramin treatment at 160 microM could profoundly increase the ERK phosphorylation level by around 3 times.	Suramin	13-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
33670019-7	2021	Our results indicate that suramin binds to hRKIP and prevents hRKIP from binding with hRaf1, thus promoting the MAPK pathway.	Suramin	26-33	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
33670019-7	2021	Our results indicate that suramin binds to hRKIP and prevents hRKIP from binding with hRaf1, thus promoting the MAPK pathway.	Suramin	26-33	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
33670019-7	2021	Our results indicate that suramin binds to hRKIP and prevents hRKIP from binding with hRaf1, thus promoting the MAPK pathway.	Suramin	26-33	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	86-91
33396366-0	2020	Molecular Targeting of VEGF with a Suramin Fragment-DOCA Conjugate by Mimicking the Action of Low Molecular Weight Heparins.	Suramin	35-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	23-27
33396366-2	2020	In the present study, we developed a novel suramin fragment and deoxycholic acid conjugate (SFD) that exhibited the potential to bind to the heparin-binding site (HBD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to inhibit its pathogenic action for the first time.	Suramin	43-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	171-205
33396366-2	2020	In the present study, we developed a novel suramin fragment and deoxycholic acid conjugate (SFD) that exhibited the potential to bind to the heparin-binding site (HBD) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and to inhibit its pathogenic action for the first time.	Suramin	43-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	207-211
33456749-6	2020	Our study showed that suramin, an inhibitor of PTP1B, could improve neuronal damage.	Suramin	22-29	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
33458611-2	2021	Naphthalene polysulfonated compounds (NPS) such as suramin have previously been explored as antibiotic adjuvants targeting RecA, although the underlying structural bases for RecA-ligand interactions remain obscure.	Suramin	51-58	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	123-127
33458611-2	2021	Naphthalene polysulfonated compounds (NPS) such as suramin have previously been explored as antibiotic adjuvants targeting RecA, although the underlying structural bases for RecA-ligand interactions remain obscure.	Suramin	51-58	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	174-178
33458611-4	2021	For validation, we generated recombinant RecA proteins (wild-type versus Y103 mutant) to determine the binding affinities for RecA protein interactions with suramin and underexamined NPS in isothermal titration calorimetry.	Suramin	157-164	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	126-130
33177636-8	2020	Simultaneous addition of a GM-CSF inhibitor, suramin, alleviated the HCEC impairment induced by PM2.5.	Suramin	45-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	27-33
33139812-4	2020	After screening the LOPAC1280 compound library, we identified several compounds that strongly inhibit HMGA2-DNA interactions including suramin, a century-old, negatively charged antiparasitic drug.	Suramin	135-142	high mobility group AT-hook 2	Homo sapiens	102-107
33139812-5	2020	Our results show that the inhibition is likely through suramin binding to the "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs and therefore preventing HMGA2 from binding to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences.	Suramin	55-62	high mobility group AT-hook 2	Homo sapiens	132-137
33139812-6	2020	Since HMGA1 proteins also carry multiple "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs, suramin is expected to inhibit HMGA1-DNA interactions as well.	Suramin	71-78	high mobility group AT-hook 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
33139812-6	2020	Since HMGA1 proteins also carry multiple "AT-hook" DNA-binding motifs, suramin is expected to inhibit HMGA1-DNA interactions as well.	Suramin	71-78	high mobility group AT-hook 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
33139812-8	2020	Furthermore, our results suggest that HMGA2 may be one of suramin"s cellular targets.	Suramin	58-65	high mobility group AT-hook 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
33109186-15	2020	Moreover, blockade of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Rs) signaling using P2R antagonist, suramin, suppressed polyI:C-mediated increases of cilia-driven flow and CBF, indicating that TLR3-mediated ciliary activation depended on released extracellular ATP and the autocrine ATP-P2R loop.	Suramin	85-92	p2rs	None	47-51
33109186-15	2020	Moreover, blockade of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Rs) signaling using P2R antagonist, suramin, suppressed polyI:C-mediated increases of cilia-driven flow and CBF, indicating that TLR3-mediated ciliary activation depended on released extracellular ATP and the autocrine ATP-P2R loop.	Suramin	85-92	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	178-182
33101053-7	2020	The increases in PKB and S6K1 phosphorylation were completely prevented by pre-incubation with broad spectrum purinergic receptor (P2R) blockers PPADs and suramin but not by P2 x 4 or P2 x 7 blockers 5-BDBD or A-438079, respectively.	Suramin	155-162	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
33101053-7	2020	The increases in PKB and S6K1 phosphorylation were completely prevented by pre-incubation with broad spectrum purinergic receptor (P2R) blockers PPADs and suramin but not by P2 x 4 or P2 x 7 blockers 5-BDBD or A-438079, respectively.	Suramin	155-162	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	25-29
31359422-0	2020	Thermodynamic profiles of the interactions of suramin, chondroitin sulfate, and pentosan polysulfate with the inhibitory domain of TIMP-3.	Suramin	46-53	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	131-137
31727469-0	2020	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of suramin-derived dual antagonists of the proinflammatory G protein-coupled receptors P2Y2 and GPR17.	Suramin	47-54	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	131-135
31727469-0	2020	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of suramin-derived dual antagonists of the proinflammatory G protein-coupled receptors P2Y2 and GPR17.	Suramin	47-54	G protein-coupled receptor 17	Homo sapiens	140-145
31904357-5	2020	Suramin treatment had no impact on VPA-induced upregulation of P2X4 and P2Y2 in hippocampus, and P2X4 in medial prefrontal cortex, but normalized an increased level of interleukin 6 (IL-6).	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	168-181
32191995-12	2020	We conclude that suramin interferes with CHIKV entry by interacting with the E2 envelope protein, which inhibits attachment and also interferes with conformational changes required for fusion.	Suramin	17-24	e2 envelope protein	None	77-96
32103057-9	2020	Importantly, SCD1 and SLCO2A1 have been previously shown to be potently and selectively inhibited by compounds such as CAY10566 and suramin, respectively.	Suramin	132-139	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	13-17
32103057-9	2020	Importantly, SCD1 and SLCO2A1 have been previously shown to be potently and selectively inhibited by compounds such as CAY10566 and suramin, respectively.	Suramin	132-139	solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2a1	Mus musculus	22-29
31359422-4	2020	Here, we report the thermodynamics of the interactions of the sGAG-binding N-domain of TIMP-3 with chondroitin sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and suramin in solution using isothermal titration calorimetry.	Suramin	146-153	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	87-93
31433214-9	2019	Blocking the effect of eATP by suramin led to reduced levels of plasma IL-6 and TNFalpha as well as reduced lung, and pancreatic injury.	Suramin	31-38	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	71-75
31849935-11	2019	Interestingly, the increase in membrane permeability of WT MCs was also prevented by suramin, a P2 purinergic inhibitor, suggesting that Panx1 Chs act as ATP-releasing channels impermeable to Ca2+.	Suramin	85-92	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
31849935-11	2019	Interestingly, the increase in membrane permeability of WT MCs was also prevented by suramin, a P2 purinergic inhibitor, suggesting that Panx1 Chs act as ATP-releasing channels impermeable to Ca2+.	Suramin	85-92	lysosomal trafficking regulator	Homo sapiens	143-146
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	39-64
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-93
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	136-168
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	177-225
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	227-232
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	245-287
31727005-7	2019	Suramin also reduced the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, Collagen 1, and Fibronectin and suppressed phosphorylation of Smad-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducers, activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in the peritoneum injured with CG.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	289-296
31727005-8	2019	Moreover, delayed administration of suramin inhibited overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) and expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6.	Suramin	36-43	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
31727005-8	2019	Moreover, delayed administration of suramin inhibited overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) and expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6.	Suramin	36-43	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	180-243
31727005-8	2019	Moreover, delayed administration of suramin inhibited overproduction of transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) and expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6.	Suramin	36-43	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	245-277
31727005-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that suramin can attenuate progression of peritoneal fibrosis by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TGF-beta1/Smad3 and EGFR signaling pathways as well as suppression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines.	Suramin	40-47	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-149
31727005-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that suramin can attenuate progression of peritoneal fibrosis by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TGF-beta1/Smad3 and EGFR signaling pathways as well as suppression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines.	Suramin	40-47	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
31727005-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that suramin can attenuate progression of peritoneal fibrosis by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TGF-beta1/Smad3 and EGFR signaling pathways as well as suppression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines.	Suramin	40-47	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
31433214-9	2019	Blocking the effect of eATP by suramin led to reduced levels of plasma IL-6 and TNFalpha as well as reduced lung, and pancreatic injury.	Suramin	31-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-88
31409229-0	2019	The anti-parasitic agent suramin and several of its analogues are inhibitors of the DNA binding protein Mcm10.	Suramin	25-32	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	104-109
31409229-5	2019	Structure-activity relationship evaluation identified several suramin analogues that inhibited ssDNA binding by the human Mcm10 internal domain and full-length Xenopus Mcm10, including analogues that are selective for Mcm10 over human RPA.	Suramin	62-69	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	122-127
31409229-5	2019	Structure-activity relationship evaluation identified several suramin analogues that inhibited ssDNA binding by the human Mcm10 internal domain and full-length Xenopus Mcm10, including analogues that are selective for Mcm10 over human RPA.	Suramin	62-69	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	168-173
31409229-5	2019	Structure-activity relationship evaluation identified several suramin analogues that inhibited ssDNA binding by the human Mcm10 internal domain and full-length Xenopus Mcm10, including analogues that are selective for Mcm10 over human RPA.	Suramin	62-69	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	168-173
31409229-6	2019	Binding of suramin analogues to Mcm10 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).	Suramin	11-18	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	32-37
31409229-8	2019	Suramin analogue NF157 had the highest human Mcm10 binding affinity (FP Ki 170 nM, SPR KD 460 nM) and cell activity (IC50 38 microM).	Suramin	0-7	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	45-50
31409229-9	2019	Suramin and its analogues are the first identified inhibitors of Mcm10 and probably block DNA binding by mimicking the DNA sugar phosphate backbone due to their extended, polysulfated anionic structures.	Suramin	0-7	minichromosome maintenance 10 replication initiation factor	Homo sapiens	65-70
30391856-11	2019	As a comparison, the Kis of the standard inhibitor suramin were 1.260 +- 0.007, 6.39 +- 0.89 and 1.180 +- 0.002 muM, respectively.	Suramin	51-58	latexin	Homo sapiens	112-115
30852084-5	2019	Intriguingly, during our studies we found that three known antibiotics - suramin, closantel, and rafoxanide - were potent inhibitors of bacterial GroEL and human HSP60 chaperonin systems.	Suramin	73-80	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
30852084-5	2019	Intriguingly, during our studies we found that three known antibiotics - suramin, closantel, and rafoxanide - were potent inhibitors of bacterial GroEL and human HSP60 chaperonin systems.	Suramin	73-80	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
30771091-0	2019	Suramin protects hepatocytes from LPS-induced apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial stress and inactivating the JNK-Mst1 signaling pathway.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	112-115
30771091-0	2019	Suramin protects hepatocytes from LPS-induced apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial stress and inactivating the JNK-Mst1 signaling pathway.	Suramin	0-7	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	116-120
30771091-6	2019	Interestingly, suramin supplementation attenuated LPS-mediated hepatocyte death by reducing Mst1 expression; the overexpression of Mst1 abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of suramin on LPS-treated hepatocytes.	Suramin	15-22	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	92-96
30771091-6	2019	Interestingly, suramin supplementation attenuated LPS-mediated hepatocyte death by reducing Mst1 expression; the overexpression of Mst1 abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of suramin on LPS-treated hepatocytes.	Suramin	176-183	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	131-135
30771091-7	2019	At the molecular level, suramin treatment repressed mitochondrial oxidative stress, sustained mitochondrial dynamics and blocked the caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; these effects of suramin were achieved by reversing Mst1 expression.	Suramin	24-31	caspase 9	Mus musculus	133-142
30771091-7	2019	At the molecular level, suramin treatment repressed mitochondrial oxidative stress, sustained mitochondrial dynamics and blocked the caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; these effects of suramin were achieved by reversing Mst1 expression.	Suramin	24-31	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	237-241
30771091-7	2019	At the molecular level, suramin treatment repressed mitochondrial oxidative stress, sustained mitochondrial dynamics and blocked the caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; these effects of suramin were achieved by reversing Mst1 expression.	Suramin	202-209	caspase 9	Mus musculus	133-142
30771091-7	2019	At the molecular level, suramin treatment repressed mitochondrial oxidative stress, sustained mitochondrial dynamics and blocked the caspase-9-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway; these effects of suramin were achieved by reversing Mst1 expression.	Suramin	202-209	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	237-241
30771091-8	2019	Furthermore, our study found that suramin modulated Mst1 expression via the JNK signaling pathway.	Suramin	34-41	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	52-56
30771091-8	2019	Furthermore, our study found that suramin modulated Mst1 expression via the JNK signaling pathway.	Suramin	34-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	76-79
30771091-9	2019	Activation of JNK prevented the suramin-mediated Mst1 downregulation and concomitantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Suramin	32-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	14-17
30771091-9	2019	Activation of JNK prevented the suramin-mediated Mst1 downregulation and concomitantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Suramin	32-39	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	49-53
30771091-11	2019	Suramin sustained hepatocyte viability and attenuated mitochondrial stress via repressing the JNK-Mst1 signaling pathway.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	94-97
30771091-11	2019	Suramin sustained hepatocyte viability and attenuated mitochondrial stress via repressing the JNK-Mst1 signaling pathway.	Suramin	0-7	macrophage stimulating 1 (hepatocyte growth factor-like)	Mus musculus	98-102
30311774-10	2019	With the use of wire myography, inhibition of field-stimulated vasoconstriction with the Cav2.3 blocker SNX-482 (0.25 microM) mimicked the effects of the P2X inhibitor suramin (100 microM) rather than the alpha-adrenergic inhibitor phentolamine (10 microM).	Suramin	168-175	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
30311774-11	2019	Variable sensitivity to SNX-482 and suramin between animals closely correlated with Cav2.3 staining.	Suramin	36-43	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
30373189-3	2018	These predictions suggest the use of specific monoclonal antibodies or suramin to target interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha , followed by mifepristone to inhibit the GCR.	Suramin	71-78	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	89-134
30449075-0	2018	Suramin, screened from an approved drug library, inhibits HuR functions and attenuates malignant phenotype of oral cancer cells.	Suramin	0-7	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
30449075-8	2018	Of them, suramin, an anti-trypanosomal drug, binds to HuR, exhibiting fast-on and fast-off kinetic behavior on surface plasmon resonance (SPR).	Suramin	9-16	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
30449075-10	2018	The cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 mRNAs were destabilized by suramin.	Suramin	55-62	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	4-13
30449075-10	2018	The cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 mRNAs were destabilized by suramin.	Suramin	55-62	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	18-27
30449075-12	2018	The above findings suggest that suramin binds to HuR and inhibits its function.	Suramin	32-39	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
30449075-13	2018	We also showed that the anticancer effects of suramin were caused by the inhibition of HuR function, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of oral cancer.	Suramin	46-53	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	87-90
30359562-7	2018	Conversely, suramin enhanced nuclear CaM accumulation.	Suramin	12-19	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	37-40
30359562-10	2018	Suramin also promoted GRK5 nuclear import, and caused nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5).	Suramin	0-7	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Mus musculus	22-26
30359562-10	2018	Suramin also promoted GRK5 nuclear import, and caused nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5).	Suramin	0-7	histone deacetylase 5	Mus musculus	72-93
30359562-10	2018	Suramin also promoted GRK5 nuclear import, and caused nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5).	Suramin	0-7	histone deacetylase 5	Mus musculus	95-100
29558821-0	2018	Suramin potently inhibits cGAMP synthase, cGAS, in THP1 cells to modulate IFN-beta levels.	Suramin	0-7	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	26-40
30333909-2	2018	Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, is an inhibitor of HPSE with suramin analogues.	Suramin	0-7	heparanase	Homo sapiens	59-63
30333909-2	2018	Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, is an inhibitor of HPSE with suramin analogues.	Suramin	69-76	heparanase	Homo sapiens	59-63
30333909-8	2018	After treatment of KATO-III cells with a HPSE inhibitor (suramin), cell proliferation and EMT-related markers, besides collagen-1 expression, were down regulated.	Suramin	57-64	heparanase	Homo sapiens	41-45
30144157-5	2018	The inhibition of cell proliferation was blocked by suramin, a nonspecific antagonist of the P2 receptors, and high concentrations of ADP significantly upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of P2Y11 in endothelial cells.	Suramin	52-59	purinergic receptor P2Y11	Homo sapiens	215-220
29934490-5	2018	We exploit ligand binding and inhibitor screens to uncover a susceptibility of TPST1 and TPST2 to different classes of small molecules, including the anti-angiogenic compound suramin and the kinase inhibitor rottlerin.	Suramin	175-182	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
29934490-5	2018	We exploit ligand binding and inhibitor screens to uncover a susceptibility of TPST1 and TPST2 to different classes of small molecules, including the anti-angiogenic compound suramin and the kinase inhibitor rottlerin.	Suramin	175-182	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
29558821-4	2018	Unlike other reported cGAS inhibitors, which bind to the ATP/GTP binding site, suramin displaced the bound DNA from cGAS.	Suramin	79-86	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	22-26
29558821-4	2018	Unlike other reported cGAS inhibitors, which bind to the ATP/GTP binding site, suramin displaced the bound DNA from cGAS.	Suramin	79-86	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	116-120
29558821-5	2018	Addition of suramin to THP1 cells reduced the levels of IFN-beta mRNA and protein.	Suramin	12-19	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	56-64
29558821-7	2018	CONCLUSION: Suramin inhibits STING pathway via the inhibition of cGAS enzymatic activity.	Suramin	12-19	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	65-69
29558821-8	2018	Suramin or analogs thereof that displace DNA from cGAS could be used as anti-inflammatory drugs.	Suramin	0-7	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	50-54
30172846-0	2018	Suramin is a novel competitive antagonist selective to alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA over rho1 GABAC receptors.	Suramin	0-7	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	73-78
30172846-2	2018	In this study, we found that suramin, a purinergic receptor antagonist, is a novel competitive antagonist selective to GABAA over GABAC receptors.	Suramin	29-36	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-124
30172846-3	2018	Specifically, suramin antagonized the GABA-induced current and the spontaneous opening current of the wild type alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA receptor with high-level expression in Xenopus oocytes.	Suramin	14-21	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	130-135
30172846-8	2018	Thus, our results are consistent with that suramin is a competitive antagonist for the alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA receptor.	Suramin	43-50	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	105-110
30172846-9	2018	Interestingly, the rank order of maximum allosteric inhibition (efficacy) of spontaneous current of the GABAA receptor by three competitive antagonists was suramin &gt; bicuculline &gt; gabazine, similar to the rank order of their molecular weight.	Suramin	156-163	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	104-109
29450744-8	2018	Moreover, the S1P3 inhibitor suramin prevented VEGFR2 expression and abolished endothelial migration and tube formation, while the S1P1 agonist CYM-5442 and the S1P2 inhibitor JTE-013 had no effect.	Suramin	29-36	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	14-18
29450744-8	2018	Moreover, the S1P3 inhibitor suramin prevented VEGFR2 expression and abolished endothelial migration and tube formation, while the S1P1 agonist CYM-5442 and the S1P2 inhibitor JTE-013 had no effect.	Suramin	29-36	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	47-53
29558821-0	2018	Suramin potently inhibits cGAMP synthase, cGAS, in THP1 cells to modulate IFN-beta levels.	Suramin	0-7	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	42-46
29558821-0	2018	Suramin potently inhibits cGAMP synthase, cGAS, in THP1 cells to modulate IFN-beta levels.	Suramin	0-7	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-82
29558821-3	2018	Results/methodology: HPLC-based medium throughput screening for inhibitors of cGAS identified suramin as a potent inhibitor.	Suramin	94-101	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	Homo sapiens	78-82
28679527-2	2017	Indeed, ODC is the target of the WHO "essential medicine" eflornithine, which is antagonistic to another anti-HAT drug, suramin.	Suramin	120-127	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	8-11
29299344-6	2017	Results: In ATDC5 micromasses, suramin increased TIMP3 levels and decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases.	Suramin	31-38	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	49-54
29299344-9	2017	Direct interaction between suramin and endogenous TIMP3 was demonstrated in immunoprecipitates.	Suramin	27-34	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	50-55
29299344-10	2017	Mice treated intra-articularly with suramin injections showed reduced cartilage damage compared with controls, with increased TIMP3 and decreased MMP and aggrecanase activity.	Suramin	36-43	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	126-131
29299344-11	2017	Translational validation in human chondrocytes confirmed increased TIMP3 function and reduced cartilage breakdown after suramin treatment.	Suramin	120-127	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	67-72
28667079-6	2017	Treatment of cultured podocytes with connexin 43-specific blocking peptides attenuated TGF-beta-induced cytoskeletal and morphologic changes and apoptosis as did treatment with the purinergic blocker suramin.	Suramin	200-207	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	37-48
28798097-0	2017	Suramin Inhibits Osteoarthritic Cartilage Degradation by Increasing Extracellular Levels of Chondroprotective Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 3.	Suramin	0-7	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	110-150
28798097-4	2017	We discovered that suramin (C51H40N6O23S6) bound to TIMP-3 with a KD value of 1.9 +- 0.2 nM and inhibited its endocytosis via LRP1, thus increasing extracellular levels of TIMP-3 and inhibiting cartilage degradation by the TIMP-3 target enzyme, adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5.	Suramin	19-26	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	52-58
28798097-4	2017	We discovered that suramin (C51H40N6O23S6) bound to TIMP-3 with a KD value of 1.9 +- 0.2 nM and inhibited its endocytosis via LRP1, thus increasing extracellular levels of TIMP-3 and inhibiting cartilage degradation by the TIMP-3 target enzyme, adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5.	Suramin	19-26	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
28798097-4	2017	We discovered that suramin (C51H40N6O23S6) bound to TIMP-3 with a KD value of 1.9 +- 0.2 nM and inhibited its endocytosis via LRP1, thus increasing extracellular levels of TIMP-3 and inhibiting cartilage degradation by the TIMP-3 target enzyme, adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5.	Suramin	19-26	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	172-178
28798097-4	2017	We discovered that suramin (C51H40N6O23S6) bound to TIMP-3 with a KD value of 1.9 +- 0.2 nM and inhibited its endocytosis via LRP1, thus increasing extracellular levels of TIMP-3 and inhibiting cartilage degradation by the TIMP-3 target enzyme, adamalysin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5.	Suramin	19-26	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	172-178
28798097-6	2017	Suramin is thus a promising scaffold for the development of novel therapeutics to increase TIMP-3 levels and inhibit cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis.	Suramin	0-7	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	91-97
28238947-13	2017	The strongest inhibitors of MRP3-mediated E217G transport were fidaxomicin, suramin, and dronedarone.	Suramin	76-83	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
28479361-5	2017	Inhibitory affinity of suramin to OATP2A1 was the highest (IC50,2A1 of 0.17 muM), and its IC50 values to MRP4-mediated PGE2 transport (IC50,MRP4) and PGE2 synthesis in human U-937 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (IC50,Syn) were 73.6 and 336.7 times higher than IC50,2A1, respectively.	Suramin	23-30	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Homo sapiens	34-41
28479361-5	2017	Inhibitory affinity of suramin to OATP2A1 was the highest (IC50,2A1 of 0.17 muM), and its IC50 values to MRP4-mediated PGE2 transport (IC50,MRP4) and PGE2 synthesis in human U-937 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (IC50,Syn) were 73.6 and 336.7 times higher than IC50,2A1, respectively.	Suramin	23-30	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	105-109
28479361-5	2017	Inhibitory affinity of suramin to OATP2A1 was the highest (IC50,2A1 of 0.17 muM), and its IC50 values to MRP4-mediated PGE2 transport (IC50,MRP4) and PGE2 synthesis in human U-937 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (IC50,Syn) were 73.6 and 336.7 times higher than IC50,2A1, respectively.	Suramin	23-30	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
28479361-5	2017	Inhibitory affinity of suramin to OATP2A1 was the highest (IC50,2A1 of 0.17 muM), and its IC50 values to MRP4-mediated PGE2 transport (IC50,MRP4) and PGE2 synthesis in human U-937 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (IC50,Syn) were 73.6 and 336.7 times higher than IC50,2A1, respectively.	Suramin	23-30	synemin	Homo sapiens	237-240
28479361-7	2017	These results demonstrate that suramin is a potent selective inhibitor of OATP2A1, providing a comprehensive information about drugs in clinical use that interact with OATP2A1.	Suramin	31-38	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Homo sapiens	74-81
28479361-7	2017	These results demonstrate that suramin is a potent selective inhibitor of OATP2A1, providing a comprehensive information about drugs in clinical use that interact with OATP2A1.	Suramin	31-38	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	Homo sapiens	168-175
28671713-9	2017	The functional polarization process triggered by ATP-P2X/Y-purinoceptor interaction was also involved in the C5a-induced shape changes, because pretreatment with suramin blocked not only the shape changes but also the subsequent C5a-dependent chemotactic activity.	Suramin	162-169	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
28671713-9	2017	The functional polarization process triggered by ATP-P2X/Y-purinoceptor interaction was also involved in the C5a-induced shape changes, because pretreatment with suramin blocked not only the shape changes but also the subsequent C5a-dependent chemotactic activity.	Suramin	162-169	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	229-232
28461070-4	2017	In cell culture-based assays, using reduction of cytopathic effect as read-out, suramin had an EC50 of ~40 muM and a selectivity index of 48.	Suramin	80-87	latexin	Homo sapiens	107-110
28624143-0	2017	A small-molecule screen identifies the antitrypanosomal agent suramin and analogues NF023 and NF449 as inhibitors of STAT5a/b.	Suramin	62-69	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	117-123
28624143-3	2017	This screen identified suramin, a drug used to treat African trypanosomiasis, and its analogues NF023 and NF449 as inhibitors of the SH2 domains of STAT5a/b.	Suramin	23-30	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	148-154
27923653-9	2017	One hit, suramin, possessed inhibitory properties consistent with a competitive inhibitor of substrate binding and molecular docking revealed a good fit into the TPST2 substrate-binding pocket.	Suramin	9-16	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
28189815-7	2017	Furthermore, the increased antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, GST, GPx and GR activities in the tissues were restored significantly after suramin treatment.	Suramin	146-153	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	60-68
28189815-8	2017	In silico experiments using Vlife MDS4.4-GRIP docking method showed strong affinity of suramin towards erythrocyte catalase followed by glutathione peroxidase thus corroborating with the findings of antioxidant enzyme assays.	Suramin	87-94	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	115-123
28626774-3	2017	When ATP signaling was blocked by intratracheal administration of the ATP receptor antagonist suramin before challenge, neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th17-type responses were reduced significantly.	Suramin	94-101	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	70-82
27220808-0	2017	P2Y2 purinergic receptors are highly expressed in cardiac and diaphragm muscles of mdx mice, and their expression is decreased by suramin.	Suramin	130-137	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	0-4
27220808-6	2017	Suramin reduced the levels of P2Y2 to almost normal values.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	30-34
27220808-7	2017	Suramin also decreased heart necrosis (reduced CK-MB) and the expression of the stretch-activated calcium channel TRPC1.	Suramin	0-7	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1	Mus musculus	114-119
27720295-12	2016	An intriguing finding from this study is that suramin, the first-line drug for treating early stage T. brucei infections, is also a potent inhibitor of GroEL/ES and HSP60/10 chaperonin systems.	Suramin	46-53	GroEL	Escherichia coli	152-157
27103329-4	2016	Exposure of rat MCs to anti-Thy-1 antibody plus complement or anti-MC rabbit serum caused complement-dependent cell lysis, which was blocked by suramin and its structural analogue NF023 and NF049, but not by PPADS, an antagonist of purinergic receptors.	Suramin	144-151	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
27103329-6	2016	Further analysis revealed that suramin interfered with antibody binding to cell membrane antigens and suppressed antibody-induced phosphorylation of several proteins, including p38.	Suramin	31-38	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
27103329-8	2016	Collectively, our results indicate that suramin protects cells against antibody-initiated and complement-dependent cell injury through inhibition of antibody binding to cell surface antigens and suppression of p38 activation.	Suramin	40-47	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	210-213
27905300-6	2016	We found that uniaxial stretch raised the ATP concentration in the culture medium and that inhibition of ATP signaling by apyrase or suramin suppressed the stretch-induced ERK activation in TRT-HU1 cells.	Suramin	133-140	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
27548819-8	2017	INTERVENTIONS: Wild-type and pannexin-1 knockout mice were treated with suramin or apyrase to block the endogenous or systemic effects of adenosine triphosphate.	Suramin	72-79	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	29-39
27905300-7	2016	In agreement with this in vitro observation, pretreatment with apyrase or suramin suppressed the high IVP-induced urothelial ERK activation in vivo.	Suramin	74-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	125-128
27001857-3	2016	This report demonstrates that a small-molecule compound, suramin, can inhibit CRL activity by disrupting its ability to recruit Cdc34.	Suramin	57-64	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	78-81
27576209-10	2016	Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P &lt; .05 versus control).	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	12-24
27576209-10	2016	Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P &lt; .05 versus control).	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
27576209-10	2016	Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P &lt; .05 versus control).	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
27576209-10	2016	Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, inhibited ERK/MAPK activation and HDPC odontoblastic differentiation (P &lt; .05 versus control).	Suramin	0-7	decapping mRNA 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
27677339-7	2016	Pre-treatment with the P2R antagonist suramin significantly reduced the expression and release of MUC5AC.	Suramin	38-45	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	98-104
27677339-8	2016	The inhibitory effects of CBX and suramin on the release of ATP and/or MUC5AC were replicated with RV infection.	Suramin	34-41	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	71-77
27677339-9	2016	Pre-treatment with suramin also significantly reduced the expression and amount of extracellular EGFR ligands and the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in poly(I:C)-treated cells.	Suramin	19-26	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
27677339-9	2016	Pre-treatment with suramin also significantly reduced the expression and amount of extracellular EGFR ligands and the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in poly(I:C)-treated cells.	Suramin	19-26	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	137-141
27677339-9	2016	Pre-treatment with suramin also significantly reduced the expression and amount of extracellular EGFR ligands and the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK in poly(I:C)-treated cells.	Suramin	19-26	EPH receptor B2	Homo sapiens	146-149
27677339-12	2016	The inhibitory effects of CBX and suramin on poly(I:C)-potentiated MUC5AC expression were confirmed in differentiated airway epithelium from COPD patients.	Suramin	34-41	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	67-73
27387234-0	2016	Suramin blocks interaction between human FGF1 and FGFR2 D2 domain and reduces downstream signaling activity.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
27387234-0	2016	Suramin blocks interaction between human FGF1 and FGFR2 D2 domain and reduces downstream signaling activity.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
27387234-2	2016	Suramin is an antiparasiticdrug and a potent inhibitor of FGF-induced angiogenesis.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
27387234-3	2016	Suramin has been shown to bind to hFGF1, and might block the interaction between hFGF1 and FGFR2 D2.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
27387234-3	2016	Suramin has been shown to bind to hFGF1, and might block the interaction between hFGF1 and FGFR2 D2.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
27387234-3	2016	Suramin has been shown to bind to hFGF1, and might block the interaction between hFGF1 and FGFR2 D2.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
27387234-4	2016	Here, we titrated hFGF1 with FGFR2 D2 and suramin to elucidate their interactions using the detection of NMR.	Suramin	42-49	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
27387234-5	2016	The docking results of both hFGF1-FGFR2 D2 domain and hFGF1-suramin complex were superimposed.	Suramin	60-67	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
27387234-6	2016	The results indicate that suramin blocks the interaction between hFGF1 and FGFR2 D2.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
27387234-6	2016	The results indicate that suramin blocks the interaction between hFGF1 and FGFR2 D2.	Suramin	26-33	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
27387234-7	2016	We used the PyMOL software to show the hydrophobic interaction of hFGF1-suramin.	Suramin	72-79	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
27226106-7	2016	Renal intramedullary infusion of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin inhibited the increase in Na(+) excretion and inner medullary ET-1 mRNA expression induced by NaCl loading in the renal medulla.	Suramin	60-67	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
27468475-5	2016	The effects of high concentration insulin on the proliferation of K562 cells were inhibited by varying concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Suramin.	Suramin	162-169	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
27468475-12	2016	Suramin, which is an IGF-1 receptor non-specific blocker, had the opposite effect on K562 cells, also in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Suramin	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
27180636-0	2016	Inhibition of fibrous dysplasia via blocking Gsalpha with suramin sodium loaded with an alendronate-conjugated polymeric drug delivery system.	Suramin	58-72	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	45-52
27180636-1	2016	Suramin sodium (SS), which can directly inhibit the committed step of Gsalpha activation, seems to be a promising drug for treating fibrous dysplasia (FD).	Suramin	0-14	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	70-77
27180636-1	2016	Suramin sodium (SS), which can directly inhibit the committed step of Gsalpha activation, seems to be a promising drug for treating fibrous dysplasia (FD).	Suramin	16-18	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	70-77
27001857-3	2016	This report demonstrates that a small-molecule compound, suramin, can inhibit CRL activity by disrupting its ability to recruit Cdc34.	Suramin	57-64	cell division cycle 34, ubiqiutin conjugating enzyme	Homo sapiens	128-133
27001857-5	2016	Suramin was shown to target cullin 1"s conserved basic canyon and to block its binding to Cdc34.	Suramin	0-7	cullin 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
27001857-5	2016	Suramin was shown to target cullin 1"s conserved basic canyon and to block its binding to Cdc34.	Suramin	0-7	cell division cycle 34, ubiqiutin conjugating enzyme	Homo sapiens	90-95
27001857-6	2016	Suramin inhibits the activity of a variety of CRL complexes containing cullin 2, 3, and 4A.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	46-49
27001857-6	2016	Suramin inhibits the activity of a variety of CRL complexes containing cullin 2, 3, and 4A.	Suramin	0-7	cullin 2	Homo sapiens	71-79
27001857-7	2016	When introduced into cells, suramin induced accumulation of CRL substrates.	Suramin	28-35	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	60-63
26788965-5	2016	Novel enzymatic activities of SIRT2 were thus established in vitro, which warrant further investigation, and two known inhibitors, suramin and SirReal2, were profiled against substrates containing epsilon-N-acyllysine modifications of varying length.	Suramin	131-138	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
26505315-12	2016	Phosphorylation of ERK was attenuated in cells pretreated with suramin or BAPTA/AM ([Ca(2+)]i chelator), and partially with AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor).	Suramin	63-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
26505315-12	2016	Phosphorylation of ERK was attenuated in cells pretreated with suramin or BAPTA/AM ([Ca(2+)]i chelator), and partially with AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor).	Suramin	63-70	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
26616220-9	2016	We also demonstrated that chebulinic acid and suramin are "highly selective" AAC2 inhibitors, since they poorly inhibit other human mitochondrial carriers (namely ORC1, APC1 and AGC1).	Suramin	46-53	solute carrier family 25 member 5	Homo sapiens	77-81
26616220-9	2016	We also demonstrated that chebulinic acid and suramin are "highly selective" AAC2 inhibitors, since they poorly inhibit other human mitochondrial carriers (namely ORC1, APC1 and AGC1).	Suramin	46-53	origin recognition complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
26616220-9	2016	We also demonstrated that chebulinic acid and suramin are "highly selective" AAC2 inhibitors, since they poorly inhibit other human mitochondrial carriers (namely ORC1, APC1 and AGC1).	Suramin	46-53	solute carrier family 25 member 24	Homo sapiens	169-173
26616220-9	2016	We also demonstrated that chebulinic acid and suramin are "highly selective" AAC2 inhibitors, since they poorly inhibit other human mitochondrial carriers (namely ORC1, APC1 and AGC1).	Suramin	46-53	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	178-182
26062804-7	2015	Pain behavioral tests showed that the blockade of P2Y receptors by suramin attenuated mechanical allodynia evoked either by CFA or uridine triphosphate (UTP), an endogenous P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) agonist.	Suramin	67-74	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	173-179
26616220-8	2016	By testing 13 commercially available molecules, out of the 100 predicted candidates, we found that 2 of them, namely suramin and chebulinic acid, are competitive AAC2 inhibitors with inhibition constants 0.3 muM and 2.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	117-124	solute carrier family 25 member 5	Homo sapiens	162-166
26616220-8	2016	By testing 13 commercially available molecules, out of the 100 predicted candidates, we found that 2 of them, namely suramin and chebulinic acid, are competitive AAC2 inhibitors with inhibition constants 0.3 muM and 2.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	117-124	latexin	Homo sapiens	208-211
26616220-8	2016	By testing 13 commercially available molecules, out of the 100 predicted candidates, we found that 2 of them, namely suramin and chebulinic acid, are competitive AAC2 inhibitors with inhibition constants 0.3 muM and 2.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	117-124	latexin	Homo sapiens	220-223
26062804-7	2015	Pain behavioral tests showed that the blockade of P2Y receptors by suramin attenuated mechanical allodynia evoked either by CFA or uridine triphosphate (UTP), an endogenous P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) agonist.	Suramin	67-74	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 4	Mus musculus	184-190
26713531-6	2015	RESULTS: Compared with the saline group, the TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in pulmonary tissue and peripheral blood were significantly reduced in suramin group at 24 h after LPS treatment(all P&lt;0.01); while there was no significant difference at 72 h between two groups(all P&gt;0.05).	Suramin	142-149	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	45-54
25569182-3	2015	We found that blocking the binding of ligand using suramin or monoclonal IMC-3G3 antibody significantly reduced ligand-induced autophosphorylation of Y1009 without affecting ligand-independent transphosphorylation of Y934 residue on PDGFRbeta in human pulmonary arterial SMCs treated with both cocaine and Tat.	Suramin	51-58	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	233-242
26713531-6	2015	RESULTS: Compared with the saline group, the TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in pulmonary tissue and peripheral blood were significantly reduced in suramin group at 24 h after LPS treatment(all P&lt;0.01); while there was no significant difference at 72 h between two groups(all P&gt;0.05).	Suramin	142-149	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	59-63
26713531-7	2015	The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 mRNA and the activity of NF-kappaB was decreased in suramin group at different time points after LPS treatment.	Suramin	86-93	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	18-27
26713531-7	2015	The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 mRNA and the activity of NF-kappaB was decreased in suramin group at different time points after LPS treatment.	Suramin	86-93	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	29-33
26713531-7	2015	The expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 mRNA and the activity of NF-kappaB was decreased in suramin group at different time points after LPS treatment.	Suramin	86-93	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	59-68
26713531-8	2015	CONCLUSION: Suramin can protect LPS-induced acute lung injury through down-regulation of systemic and pulmonary pro-inflammatory factors, which may be associated with the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity.	Suramin	12-19	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	185-194
26318341-13	2015	Blocking of purinergic signalling with suramin inhibited BSMC expression of IL-33 induced by dsRNA and BEC-derived medium.	Suramin	39-46	interleukin 33	Homo sapiens	76-81
26286528-8	2015	While suramin appears to be a potent and competitive inhibitor (25 +- 5 muM), binding to the DUSP5 phosphatase domain more tightly than the monomeric ligands of which it is comprised, it also aggregates.	Suramin	6-13	dual specificity phosphatase 5	Homo sapiens	93-98
26286528-12	2015	One FDA-approved polysulfonated drug, suramin, inhibits DUSP5 and also aggregates.	Suramin	38-45	dual specificity phosphatase 5	Homo sapiens	56-61
26121207-5	2015	For the first time, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to coat NO-releasing nanoparticles, facilitated by a polyanionic drug, suramin, under a layer-by-layer (LbL) scheme.	Suramin	127-134	albumin	Homo sapiens	27-40
26318341-16	2015	Increased BSMC IL-33 associates with ATP release and is antagonised by suramin.	Suramin	71-78	interleukin 33	Homo sapiens	15-20
25816245-8	2015	The non-selective P2 receptor antagonists, suramin and pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate (PPADS), significantly blocked the HNP-1-induced expression of IL-8 in the Caco-2 cells.	Suramin	43-50	HNP1	Homo sapiens	171-176
26208101-11	2015	Results of a molecular docking simulation indicate that suramin may embed within the cavity of the E1/E2 heterodimer to interfere with their function.	Suramin	56-63	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	99-104
25816245-8	2015	The non-selective P2 receptor antagonists, suramin and pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo (benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt hydrate (PPADS), significantly blocked the HNP-1-induced expression of IL-8 in the Caco-2 cells.	Suramin	43-50	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	199-203
25816245-10	2015	In agreement with this finding, HNP-1 also significantly increased IL-8 production in the P2Y6-negative human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, and this increase was blocked by treatment with suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	189-196	HNP1	Homo sapiens	32-37
25816245-10	2015	In agreement with this finding, HNP-1 also significantly increased IL-8 production in the P2Y6-negative human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, and this increase was blocked by treatment with suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	189-196	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	67-71
25816245-10	2015	In agreement with this finding, HNP-1 also significantly increased IL-8 production in the P2Y6-negative human colon cancer cell line, HT-29, and this increase was blocked by treatment with suramin and PPADS.	Suramin	189-196	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	90-94
25889575-3	2015	RESULTS: Here we describe the development of a small molecule screening assay for USP5-Cav3.2 disruptors, and report on two hits of a ~5000 compound screen - suramin and the flavonoid gossypetin.	Suramin	158-165	ubiquitin specific peptidase 5 (isopeptidase T)	Mus musculus	82-86
26052253-0	2015	Suramin inhibits cell proliferation in ovarian and cervical cancer by downregulating heparanase expression.	Suramin	0-7	heparanase	Homo sapiens	85-95
26052253-3	2015	We have therefore tested whether the growth inhibiting effect of suramin on ovarian and cervical cancer cells is due to downregulation of Hpa expression.	Suramin	65-72	heparanase	Homo sapiens	138-141
26052253-5	2015	Suramin at 300 mug/ml significantly decreased the expression of Hpa mRNA (P &lt; 0.005) and protein (P &lt; 0.005) in both HO-8910 PM and HeLa cells at 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effect of suramin on Hpa enzyme may be due to downregulating of its expression in cancer cells.	Suramin	0-7	heparanase	Homo sapiens	64-67
26052253-5	2015	Suramin at 300 mug/ml significantly decreased the expression of Hpa mRNA (P &lt; 0.005) and protein (P &lt; 0.005) in both HO-8910 PM and HeLa cells at 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effect of suramin on Hpa enzyme may be due to downregulating of its expression in cancer cells.	Suramin	0-7	heparanase	Homo sapiens	207-210
26052253-5	2015	Suramin at 300 mug/ml significantly decreased the expression of Hpa mRNA (P &lt; 0.005) and protein (P &lt; 0.005) in both HO-8910 PM and HeLa cells at 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effect of suramin on Hpa enzyme may be due to downregulating of its expression in cancer cells.	Suramin	196-203	heparanase	Homo sapiens	64-67
25889575-4	2015	In mouse models of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain, both suramin and gossypetin produced dose-dependent and long-lasting mechanical anti-hyperalgesia that was abolished or greatly attenuated in Cav3.2 null mice.	Suramin	64-71	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1H subunit	Mus musculus	201-207
25603235-6	2015	Erythrosine sodium, suramin, tannic acid and sanguinarine sulfate were characterized with IC50 values of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 muM, respectively.	Suramin	20-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	128-131
25637016-7	2015	Stx2-induced hemolysis was not demonstrated in the absence of plasma and was inhibited by heat inactivation, as well as by the terminal complement pathway Ab eculizumab, the purinergic P2 receptor antagonist suramin, and EDTA.	Suramin	208-215	syntaxin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
25272052-7	2015	P2X7R antagonists, such as the oxidized ATP, A438079, brilliant blue G, and broad spectrum P2 receptor antagonist suramin, attenuated Tat-induced CCL2 release in a calcium- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-dependent manner.	Suramin	114-121	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	146-150
25272052-7	2015	P2X7R antagonists, such as the oxidized ATP, A438079, brilliant blue G, and broad spectrum P2 receptor antagonist suramin, attenuated Tat-induced CCL2 release in a calcium- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-dependent manner.	Suramin	114-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	177-223
25394939-13	2015	Then, non-selective P2 inhibitor suramin blocked the Ap5 A-induced constriction.	Suramin	33-40	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
25425641-3	2015	We have generated chimeras and point mutations in the extracellular ligand-binding loop of the human P2X1 receptor, which is inhibited by NF449, suramin, and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2,4-disulfonate, with residues from the rat P2X4 receptor, which is insensitive to these antagonists.	Suramin	145-152	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	101-114
26021324-11	2015	In parallel, suramin blocked DNCB-induced elevation in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IgE.	Suramin	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-70
25455130-8	2015	Furthermore, suramin inhibited the upregulation of REX-1 mRNA expression but not ATP release.	Suramin	13-20	RNA exonuclease 1 homolog	Homo sapiens	51-56
25445541-4	2015	The LPS-induced release of these cytokines was also modulated by purinergic receptor activation since IL-8 and MCP-1 release was decreased by the nucleotide scavenger apyrase as well as by the pharmacological P2Y6 receptor antagonists suramin and MRS2578.	Suramin	235-242	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	4-7
25445541-4	2015	The LPS-induced release of these cytokines was also modulated by purinergic receptor activation since IL-8 and MCP-1 release was decreased by the nucleotide scavenger apyrase as well as by the pharmacological P2Y6 receptor antagonists suramin and MRS2578.	Suramin	235-242	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	102-106
25445541-4	2015	The LPS-induced release of these cytokines was also modulated by purinergic receptor activation since IL-8 and MCP-1 release was decreased by the nucleotide scavenger apyrase as well as by the pharmacological P2Y6 receptor antagonists suramin and MRS2578.	Suramin	235-242	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
25445541-4	2015	The LPS-induced release of these cytokines was also modulated by purinergic receptor activation since IL-8 and MCP-1 release was decreased by the nucleotide scavenger apyrase as well as by the pharmacological P2Y6 receptor antagonists suramin and MRS2578.	Suramin	235-242	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	209-222
26021324-11	2015	In parallel, suramin blocked DNCB-induced elevation in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IgE.	Suramin	13-20	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	72-80
26021324-11	2015	In parallel, suramin blocked DNCB-induced elevation in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IgE.	Suramin	13-20	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	82-86
25364621-4	2014	The positive control, suramin, inhibited PTP1B with an IC50 (half minimal (50%) inhibitory concentration) value of 16.34 microM; CNB-001 did not affect enzyme activity across the range of 1nM-0.1mM.	Suramin	22-29	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
25168661-4	2014	Administration of suramin at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg dose-dependently attenuated peritoneal membrane thickening and expression of collagen I, fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin.	Suramin	18-25	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	138-149
25168661-5	2014	Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and phosphorylation of Smad3 was detected in fibrotic peritoneum and inhibited by suramin treatment.	Suramin	151-158	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-56
25168661-5	2014	Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and phosphorylation of Smad3 was detected in fibrotic peritoneum and inhibited by suramin treatment.	Suramin	151-158	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	58-67
25168661-5	2014	Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and phosphorylation of Smad3 was detected in fibrotic peritoneum and inhibited by suramin treatment.	Suramin	151-158	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	92-97
25168661-6	2014	Suramin was also effective in blocking CG-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaBp65, expression of several inflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of macrophages in the peritoneum.	Suramin	0-7	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	103-132
25168661-7	2014	Moreover, suramin suppressed angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, a molecule associated with angiogenesis in the injured peritoneum.	Suramin	10-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	60-94
25168661-8	2014	Therefore, our results indicate that suramin treatment can effectively alleviate the development of peritoneal fibrosis by suppression of TGF-beta1 signaling, inflammation, and angiogenesis, and suggest that suramin may have therapeutic potential for prevention of peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.	Suramin	37-44	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	138-147
25204659-6	2014	The effects of APAP in insulin signaling were prevented by suramin, a PTP1B inhibitor, or rosiglitazone that decreased PTP1B levels.	Suramin	59-66	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1	Mus musculus	119-124
25536615-9	2014	Moreover, suramin was able to increase the activity of caspase-9 but not of caspase-8.	Suramin	10-17	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	55-64
25245808-9	2014	Accordingly, if we blocked the P2X- and P2Y-associated signaling pathway by using suramin and pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo(benzene-2,4-disulfonic acid), tetrasodium salt (PPADS), the ATP-enhanced immune response was restrained significantly.	Suramin	82-89	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 1	Mus musculus	31-43
23798356-8	2014	Apyrase and suramin diminished ERK phosphorylation induced by both gravity loading and ATP.	Suramin	12-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
24857820-10	2014	FAM3A-induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, proliferation and migration of VSMCs are inhibited by P2 receptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	130-137	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule A	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
24857820-10	2014	FAM3A-induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, proliferation and migration of VSMCs are inhibited by P2 receptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	130-137	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
24857820-10	2014	FAM3A-induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, proliferation and migration of VSMCs are inhibited by P2 receptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	130-137	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
24675414-8	2014	We found that treatment of septic mice with the ATP receptor antagonist suramin diminished CD11b expression, indicating that plasma ATP contributes to PMN activation by stimulating P2 receptors of PMNs.	Suramin	72-79	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	48-60
24675414-8	2014	We found that treatment of septic mice with the ATP receptor antagonist suramin diminished CD11b expression, indicating that plasma ATP contributes to PMN activation by stimulating P2 receptors of PMNs.	Suramin	72-79	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	91-96
24641330-0	2014	Suppression of cell membrane permeability by suramin: involvement of its inhibitory actions on connexin 43 hemichannels.	Suramin	45-52	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	95-106
24817123-9	2014	We further showed that, as for the plasma membrane P2X4, the lysosomal P2X4 was potentiated by ivermectin but insensitive to suramin and PPADS, and it permeated the large cation N-methyl-d-glucamine upon activation.	Suramin	125-132	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
24793913-4	2014	Ecto-nucleotidase (apyrase), a non-selective antagonist of P2Y receptors (suramin), and a selective P2Y11 receptor antagonist (NF157) all inhibited IL-6 production.	Suramin	74-81	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-152
24667567-10	2014	With an IC50 being about 160 times lower than that of suramin, PS3 exhibited again the strongest inhibitory effects.	Suramin	54-61	taste 2 receptor member 6 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	63-66
24937094-10	2014	Two days after treatment, the suramin concentration in the plasma and brainstem was 7.64 muM pmol mul(-1) (+-0.50) and 5.15 pmol mg(-1) (+-0.49), respectively.	Suramin	30-37	mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1	Mus musculus	98-104
24849676-7	2014	LPS-induced IL-6 production by KUP5 cells was suppressed significantly by pretreatments with non-selective P2 antagonist suramin, P2Y13antagonist MRS2211, and ecto-nucleotidase, whereas P2Y receptor agonists, significantly increased the IL-6 production.	Suramin	121-128	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	12-16
24641330-4	2014	Here, we investigated the effects of suramin on membrane channels, as exemplified by its actions on non-junctional connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels, pore-forming alpha-haemolysin and channels involved in ATP release under hypotonic conditions.	Suramin	37-44	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	115-125
24641330-4	2014	Here, we investigated the effects of suramin on membrane channels, as exemplified by its actions on non-junctional connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels, pore-forming alpha-haemolysin and channels involved in ATP release under hypotonic conditions.	Suramin	37-44	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
24518675-4	2014	Either ES or exogenous ATP (100 muM) increased both IL-6 expression and p-STAT3 levels in rat myotubes, a process inhibited by 100 muM suramin and 2 U/ml apyrase.	Suramin	135-142	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
24518675-4	2014	Either ES or exogenous ATP (100 muM) increased both IL-6 expression and p-STAT3 levels in rat myotubes, a process inhibited by 100 muM suramin and 2 U/ml apyrase.	Suramin	135-142	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
24068474-0	2014	Suramin is a novel activator of PP5 and biphasically modulates S100-activated PP5 activity.	Suramin	0-7	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	32-35
24530413-11	2014	Suramin increased the animal survival and decreased serum alpha-fetoprotein.	Suramin	0-7	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	58-75
24530413-14	2014	Moreover, suramin reduced the gene expression of FGF-2 and caspase-3.	Suramin	10-17	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
24530413-14	2014	Moreover, suramin reduced the gene expression of FGF-2 and caspase-3.	Suramin	10-17	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	59-68
24530413-15	2014	Finally, suramin blocked the elevated activity of caspase-3/8/9.	Suramin	9-16	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	50-59
24642246-5	2014	2) UTP significantly inhibited IA and the expression of Kv1.4, Kv3.4 and Kv4.2 subunits in TG neurons, which could be reversed by the P2 receptor antagonist suramin and the ERK antagonist U0126.	Suramin	157-164	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
24642246-5	2014	2) UTP significantly inhibited IA and the expression of Kv1.4, Kv3.4 and Kv4.2 subunits in TG neurons, which could be reversed by the P2 receptor antagonist suramin and the ERK antagonist U0126.	Suramin	157-164	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
24642246-7	2014	2) When blocking P2Y2 receptors by suramin or injection of P2Y2R antisense oligodeoxynucleotides both led to a time- and dose-dependent reverse of allodynia in ION-CCI rats.	Suramin	35-42	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
24510012-6	2014	Effects of suramin on PKD1 activity was determined in vitro and in cells.	Suramin	11-18	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	22-26
24510012-10	2014	We show that PKD1, a kinase that previously has been described as a suppressor of tumor cell invasion, is an interface for both FDA-approved drugs, since the additive effects observed are due to DMTI-mediated re-expression and suramin-induced activation of PKD1.	Suramin	227-234	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	13-17
24510012-10	2014	We show that PKD1, a kinase that previously has been described as a suppressor of tumor cell invasion, is an interface for both FDA-approved drugs, since the additive effects observed are due to DMTI-mediated re-expression and suramin-induced activation of PKD1.	Suramin	227-234	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	257-261
24927133-9	2014	The known methyltransferase inhibitor suramin was identified, and profiled for selectivity against the histone methyltransferases EZH2, SETD7, and PRMT1.	Suramin	38-45	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-134
24927133-9	2014	The known methyltransferase inhibitor suramin was identified, and profiled for selectivity against the histone methyltransferases EZH2, SETD7, and PRMT1.	Suramin	38-45	SET domain containing 7, histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	136-141
24927133-9	2014	The known methyltransferase inhibitor suramin was identified, and profiled for selectivity against the histone methyltransferases EZH2, SETD7, and PRMT1.	Suramin	38-45	protein arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
24068474-0	2014	Suramin is a novel activator of PP5 and biphasically modulates S100-activated PP5 activity.	Suramin	0-7	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	63-67
24068474-0	2014	Suramin is a novel activator of PP5 and biphasically modulates S100-activated PP5 activity.	Suramin	0-7	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	78-81
24068474-3	2014	We therefore studied the effects of suramin on protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) and S100-activated PP5.	Suramin	36-43	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	94-97
24068474-4	2014	In the absence of S100 proteins, suramin bound to the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of PP5 and activated the enzyme in a dose-dependent manner.	Suramin	33-40	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	95-98
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	58-65	S100 calcium binding protein A2	Homo sapiens	19-25
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	58-65	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	93-96
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	58-65	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	19-23
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	162-169	S100 calcium binding protein A2	Homo sapiens	19-25
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	162-169	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	19-23
24068474-5	2014	In the presence of S100A2/Ca(2+), lower concentrations of suramin dose-dependently inhibited PP5 activity as an S100 antagonist, whereas higher concentrations of suramin reactivated PP5.	Suramin	162-169	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	182-185
24068474-7	2014	Similar biphasic effects of suramin were observed with S100A1-, S100B- or S100P-activated PP5.	Suramin	28-35	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	55-61
24068474-7	2014	Similar biphasic effects of suramin were observed with S100A1-, S100B- or S100P-activated PP5.	Suramin	28-35	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	90-93
24068474-8	2014	However, the inhibitory effects of lower concentrations of suramin on S100A6-activated PP5 are weak and high concentrations of suramin further activated PP5.	Suramin	59-66	S100 calcium binding protein A6	Homo sapiens	70-76
24068474-8	2014	However, the inhibitory effects of lower concentrations of suramin on S100A6-activated PP5 are weak and high concentrations of suramin further activated PP5.	Suramin	59-66	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	87-90
24068474-8	2014	However, the inhibitory effects of lower concentrations of suramin on S100A6-activated PP5 are weak and high concentrations of suramin further activated PP5.	Suramin	127-134	S100 calcium binding protein A6	Homo sapiens	70-76
24068474-8	2014	However, the inhibitory effects of lower concentrations of suramin on S100A6-activated PP5 are weak and high concentrations of suramin further activated PP5.	Suramin	127-134	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	153-156
24068474-9	2014	SPR and the cross-linking study showed inhibition of the interaction between S100 protein and PP5 by suramin.	Suramin	101-108	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	77-81
24068474-9	2014	SPR and the cross-linking study showed inhibition of the interaction between S100 protein and PP5 by suramin.	Suramin	101-108	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	94-97
24068474-10	2014	Our results revealed that suramin is a novel PP5 activator and modulates S100-activated PP5 activity by competitively binding to the TPR domain.	Suramin	26-33	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
24068474-10	2014	Our results revealed that suramin is a novel PP5 activator and modulates S100-activated PP5 activity by competitively binding to the TPR domain.	Suramin	26-33	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	73-77
24068474-10	2014	Our results revealed that suramin is a novel PP5 activator and modulates S100-activated PP5 activity by competitively binding to the TPR domain.	Suramin	26-33	protein phosphatase 5 catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	88-91
24143201-5	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated whether RTK blockade by the nonspecific growth factor inhibitor, suramin, reversed advanced MCT-PH in rats via its effects on growth-factor signaling pathways.	Suramin	99-106	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
23916475-4	2013	The UTP-induced production of CCL2 was significantly blocked by pretreatment with reactive blue 2 and suramin, nonselective P2Y receptor antagonists, and MRS2578, a selective P2Y6 receptor antagonist.	Suramin	102-109	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
24324366-6	2013	However, beta-catenin-regulated transcriptional (CRT) activity is significantly inhibited by casein kinase II inhibitor DRB, MEK inhibitor PD98059, G-proteins and their receptor uncoupling agent suramin, protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, and PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin, suggesting that these cellular pathways may participate in regulating beta-catenin signaling.	Suramin	195-202	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	9-21
24143201-6	2013	We found that suramin inhibited RTK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cultured human PA-SMCs.	Suramin	14-21	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
24143201-6	2013	We found that suramin inhibited RTK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cultured human PA-SMCs.	Suramin	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	40-46
24143201-7	2013	Suramin inhibited PA-SMC proliferation induced by serum, PDGF, FGF2, or EGF in vitro and ex vivo.	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
24143201-7	2013	Suramin inhibited PA-SMC proliferation induced by serum, PDGF, FGF2, or EGF in vitro and ex vivo.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
24143201-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: RTK blockade by suramin can prevent MCT-PH and reverse established MCT-PH in rats.	Suramin	29-36	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
24144050-6	2013	Relaxation responses of YC-1 and DEA/NO decreased in suramin group.	Suramin	53-60	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
23839903-11	2013	Consistent with the effect of N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), suramin or S1PR3-siRNA treatment blocked HPPCn-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation in human hepatocytes.	Suramin	61-68	acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A	Homo sapiens	102-107
23536447-0	2013	Suramin attenuates dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy in the mdx mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy.	Suramin	0-7	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	19-29
23839903-11	2013	Consistent with the effect of N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS), suramin or S1PR3-siRNA treatment blocked HPPCn-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation in human hepatocytes.	Suramin	61-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	116-122
23434541-10	2013	The P2 receptor antagonist suramin, P2X receptor antagonist TNP-ATP, P2X4 selective antagonist 5-BDBD, and P2X4 gene silencing attenuated NLRP3 expression, cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1beta, and release of IL-1beta and IL-18 induced by high glucose.	Suramin	27-34	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	138-143
23740251-3	2013	Sensitivity to the antagonists NF449, suramin, and PPADS was conferred by the nature of the extracellular loop (e.g. nanomolar for NF449 at P2X1 and P2X2-1EXT and micromolar at P2X2 and P2X1-2EXT).	Suramin	38-45	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
23740251-3	2013	Sensitivity to the antagonists NF449, suramin, and PPADS was conferred by the nature of the extracellular loop (e.g. nanomolar for NF449 at P2X1 and P2X2-1EXT and micromolar at P2X2 and P2X1-2EXT).	Suramin	38-45	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
23740251-3	2013	Sensitivity to the antagonists NF449, suramin, and PPADS was conferred by the nature of the extracellular loop (e.g. nanomolar for NF449 at P2X1 and P2X2-1EXT and micromolar at P2X2 and P2X1-2EXT).	Suramin	38-45	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
23740251-3	2013	Sensitivity to the antagonists NF449, suramin, and PPADS was conferred by the nature of the extracellular loop (e.g. nanomolar for NF449 at P2X1 and P2X2-1EXT and micromolar at P2X2 and P2X1-2EXT).	Suramin	38-45	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
23525247-6	2013	ATP caused a dose-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)]i in GPN neurones (EC50   1.92 mum) that was markedly inhibited by a combination of 100 mum suramin (a non-specific P2X blocker) and 100 nm Brilliant Blue G (a selective P2X7 blocker).	Suramin	140-147	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	218-222
23738733-8	2013	The Alphascreen phosphotyrosine assay kit was used to investigate PDGFbeta receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition by suramin.	Suramin	114-121	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Homo sapiens	66-74
23738733-8	2013	The Alphascreen phosphotyrosine assay kit was used to investigate PDGFbeta receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition by suramin.	Suramin	114-121	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	75-99
23738733-10	2013	Suramin also directly inhibited PDGFbeta receptor kinase activity as well as PDGFbeta receptor phosphorylation in intact VSMCs.	Suramin	0-7	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Homo sapiens	32-40
23738733-10	2013	Suramin also directly inhibited PDGFbeta receptor kinase activity as well as PDGFbeta receptor phosphorylation in intact VSMCs.	Suramin	0-7	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Homo sapiens	77-85
23777889-12	2013	Furthermore, seven days after the injury, MRPC/EPO or MRPC/suramin formed more CD34(+) and E-cadherin+ cells than MRPC alone.	Suramin	59-66	CD34 antigen	Mus musculus	79-83
23777889-12	2013	Furthermore, seven days after the injury, MRPC/EPO or MRPC/suramin formed more CD34(+) and E-cadherin+ cells than MRPC alone.	Suramin	59-66	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	91-101
23776582-8	2013	Blockade of P2X and NPY1 receptors with suramin (0.5 mM) and BIBP3226 (1.0 microM) respectively, reduced tone by a further 22%, leaving 16% of basal tone unaffected at these concentrations of antagonists.	Suramin	40-47	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 1	Mus musculus	12-15
23271561-6	2013	Furthermore, N-cadherin expression was blocked by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	81-88	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	13-23
23271561-6	2013	Furthermore, N-cadherin expression was blocked by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	81-88	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	54-69
23474269-10	2013	Suramin markedly inhibited the PLA2 activity in a concentration-dependent way (1-30 muM).	Suramin	0-7	phospholipase A2	Apis mellifera	31-35
22992351-2	2013	This review follows the theme of my presentation at that event, which comprised 10 reminiscences, all with a Japanese connection concerning the success, or otherwise, in the clinical development of: double- and single-stranded polynucleotides; suramin, a polysulfonate; dextran sulfate, a polysulfate; brivudin; BVaraU; 2",3"-dideoxynucleoside analogues; HEPT; adefovir and tenofovir; CXCR4 antagonists; and elvitegravir.	Suramin	244-251	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	385-390
23557020-10	2013	After hit confirmation and profiling, we found that suramin inhibited DOT1L, NSD2, and PRMT4 with IC50 values at a low muM range.	Suramin	52-59	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-75
23557020-10	2013	After hit confirmation and profiling, we found that suramin inhibited DOT1L, NSD2, and PRMT4 with IC50 values at a low muM range.	Suramin	52-59	nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
23557020-10	2013	After hit confirmation and profiling, we found that suramin inhibited DOT1L, NSD2, and PRMT4 with IC50 values at a low muM range.	Suramin	52-59	coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
23434541-10	2013	The P2 receptor antagonist suramin, P2X receptor antagonist TNP-ATP, P2X4 selective antagonist 5-BDBD, and P2X4 gene silencing attenuated NLRP3 expression, cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1beta, and release of IL-1beta and IL-18 induced by high glucose.	Suramin	27-34	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	168-177
23416149-5	2013	COA-Cl increased phospho-ERK levels in a dose-dependent manner and COA-Cl-induced neuroprotection and ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by suramin or PD98059.	Suramin	137-144	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	102-108
23161217-11	2013	Suramin decreased TNF-alpha and caspase activation in FPG.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-27
23274898-3	2013	Electrical stimulation, ATP, and insulin each increased fluorescent 2-NBD-Glucose (2-NBDG) uptake in primary myotubes, but only electrical stimulation and ATP-dependent 2-NBDG uptake were inhibited by adenosine-phosphate phosphatase and by purinergic receptor blockade (suramin).	Suramin	270-277	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
23274898-4	2013	Electrical stimulation transiently elevated extracellular ATP and caused Akt phosphorylation that was additive to insulin and inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	139-146	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
22805606-12	2013	Suramin inhibited about 23% of the KCNQ1 volume sensitivity.	Suramin	0-7	potassium channel, voltage gated KQT-like subfamily Q, member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	35-40
23376159-9	2013	RT-PCR showed an increase in COX-2 mRNA expression 2h post-injury, which was inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	90-97	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Bos taurus	29-34
23376159-13	2013	ATPgammaS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression was suppressed by suramin or a purinergic P2Xs, P2Y1, 4, 6, and 13 receptors antagonist, PPADS.	Suramin	58-65	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Bos taurus	18-23
23382805-5	2013	Five well know inhibitors such as suramin, mol-6, sirtinol, 67, and nf675 were selected to establish the nature of the binding mode of the inhibitors in the SIRT2 active site.	Suramin	34-41	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
22136506-3	2013	Using cellular and biochemical assays, we explored previously reported inhibitors of ROS production (perhexiline, suramin, VAS2870 and two Shionogi patent compounds) as direct NOX2 inhibitors.	Suramin	114-121	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	176-180
22136506-5	2013	However, only perhexiline and suramin inhibit biochemical NOX2 activity.	Suramin	30-37	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	58-62
23059005-5	2013	Ru-SeNPs was also tested in vivo in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and found to inhibit bFGF-treated CAMs development like suramin.	Suramin	141-148	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	106-110
22963438-3	2012	Only a few non-drug-like antagonists such as the suramin derivatives NF449 and NF770 and the anthraquinone derivative PSB-1011 are available as pharmacological tools to block the P2X1 and P2X2 receptors, respectively.	Suramin	49-56	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
22736507-9	2012	In conclusion, delayed administration of suramin attenuated 1) urinary markers of DN, 2) inflammation by blocking NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte infiltration, and 3) fibrosis by blocking STAT-3 and TGF-beta1/SMAD-3 signaling.	Suramin	41-48	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-145
22736507-9	2012	In conclusion, delayed administration of suramin attenuated 1) urinary markers of DN, 2) inflammation by blocking NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte infiltration, and 3) fibrosis by blocking STAT-3 and TGF-beta1/SMAD-3 signaling.	Suramin	41-48	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	207-213
22736507-9	2012	In conclusion, delayed administration of suramin attenuated 1) urinary markers of DN, 2) inflammation by blocking NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte infiltration, and 3) fibrosis by blocking STAT-3 and TGF-beta1/SMAD-3 signaling.	Suramin	41-48	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	218-227
22736507-9	2012	In conclusion, delayed administration of suramin attenuated 1) urinary markers of DN, 2) inflammation by blocking NF-kappaB activation and ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte infiltration, and 3) fibrosis by blocking STAT-3 and TGF-beta1/SMAD-3 signaling.	Suramin	41-48	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	228-234
22965338-0	2012	Suramin inhibits the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via the             downregulation of osteopontin.	Suramin	0-7	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	100-111
22965338-8	2012	Additionally, we found that the OPN level may decrease in suramin-treated CNE-2             cells.	Suramin	58-65	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
23055317-0	2012	Suramin affects metalloproteinase-9 activity and increases beta-dystroglycan levels in the diaphragm of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse.	Suramin	0-7	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	108-118
23055317-3	2012	In this study, we were interested to see whether suramin could affect metalloproteinases (MMP) and improve the functional activity of the mdx diaphragm muscle.	Suramin	49-56	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	90-93
23055317-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These results show the potential benefits of suramin in maintaining the structure of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.	Suramin	58-65	dystrophin, muscular dystrophy	Mus musculus	102-112
22963438-3	2012	Only a few non-drug-like antagonists such as the suramin derivatives NF449 and NF770 and the anthraquinone derivative PSB-1011 are available as pharmacological tools to block the P2X1 and P2X2 receptors, respectively.	Suramin	49-56	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
22729159-1	2012	PURPOSE: Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea, inhibits the actions of polypeptide growth factors including acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), which confer broad spectrum chemotherapy resistance.	Suramin	9-16	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
22644812-5	2012	Suramin reduced myostatin expression and increased follistatin expression and vascularity in injured skeletal muscle.	Suramin	0-7	follistatin	Mus musculus	51-62
22026461-5	2012	Using this assay, we identified potent small-molecule inhibitors of RISC loading, including aurintricarboxylic acid (IC(50) = 0.47 muM), suramin (IC(50) = 0.69 muM), and oxidopamine HCL (IC(50) = 1.61 muM).	Suramin	137-144	serine carboxypeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
22583019-8	2012	Finally, these protocols were applied to a kinetic analysis of the inhibition of SIRT5 by suramin, a potent sirtuin inhibitor previously shown by X-ray crystallography to bind the substrate pocket of the human SIRT5 KDAC enzyme.	Suramin	90-97	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	81-86
22583019-8	2012	Finally, these protocols were applied to a kinetic analysis of the inhibition of SIRT5 by suramin, a potent sirtuin inhibitor previously shown by X-ray crystallography to bind the substrate pocket of the human SIRT5 KDAC enzyme.	Suramin	90-97	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	210-215
22224416-7	2012	ATP increased phosphorylated PKB (Akt) and ERK1/2 levels; an effect antagonized by suramin, reactive blue-2, the PI3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, PKB inhibitor, API-2, and MAPK inhibitor, PD98059.	Suramin	83-90	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	29-32
22256970-9	2012	NF279, a suramin analogue, was found to specifically inhibit SET7/9 and SETD2 with IC50 values of 1.9 and 1.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	9-16	SET domain containing 7, histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	61-67
22256970-9	2012	NF279, a suramin analogue, was found to specifically inhibit SET7/9 and SETD2 with IC50 values of 1.9 and 1.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	9-16	SET domain containing 2, histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	72-77
22256970-9	2012	NF279, a suramin analogue, was found to specifically inhibit SET7/9 and SETD2 with IC50 values of 1.9 and 1.1 muM, respectively.	Suramin	9-16	latexin	Homo sapiens	110-113
22215671-5	2012	ACP also depressed cAMP levels in mouse cortical neurons through activation of endogenous A(1)R. Non-selective purinergic receptor antagonists (pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid and suramin) did not block adenosine- or AMP-evoked activation.	Suramin	201-208	vitamin A enhanced cleft palate	Mus musculus	0-3
22521862-6	2012	RESULTS: Addition of 20:3n-9 and n-3 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3) dose dependently inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenesis (more than the positive control suramin).	Suramin	157-164	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	94-100
22342888-0	2012	Allosteric activation of human alpha-thrombin through exosite 2 by suramin analogs.	Suramin	67-74	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	37-45
22342888-2	2012	We have recently elucidated the crystal structure of thrombin in complex with suramin, evidencing the interaction through the anion binding exosite 2.	Suramin	78-85	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	53-61
22342888-3	2012	Here, we show that the activity of thrombin toward natural and synthetic substrates is enhanced by suramin as well as analogs of suramin at a low micromolar range prior to an inhibitory component at higher concentrations.	Suramin	99-106	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	35-43
22342888-3	2012	Here, we show that the activity of thrombin toward natural and synthetic substrates is enhanced by suramin as well as analogs of suramin at a low micromolar range prior to an inhibitory component at higher concentrations.	Suramin	129-136	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	35-43
22340257-9	2012	A similar inhibition by suramin was observed in electrically-stimulated NH from P2X3 and P2X7 rKO mice but not P2X2/3 rKO mice, indicating that endogenous ATP facilitation of electrically-stimulated AVP release is mediated primarily by the activation of the P2X2 receptor.	Suramin	24-31	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3	Mus musculus	80-84
22340257-9	2012	A similar inhibition by suramin was observed in electrically-stimulated NH from P2X3 and P2X7 rKO mice but not P2X2/3 rKO mice, indicating that endogenous ATP facilitation of electrically-stimulated AVP release is mediated primarily by the activation of the P2X2 receptor.	Suramin	24-31	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2	Mus musculus	258-262
22340257-10	2012	Unexpectedly, electrically-stimulated OT release from WT, P2X3, P2X2/3 and P2X7 rKO mice was potentiated by suramin, indicating nonpurinergic effects by this "selective" antagonist.	Suramin	108-115	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2	Mus musculus	64-70
22228809-5	2012	Suramin treatment decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), phospho-p65 of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and cleaved caspase-3 at 48 h compared with glycerol alone.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	28-45
22228809-5	2012	Suramin treatment decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), phospho-p65 of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and cleaved caspase-3 at 48 h compared with glycerol alone.	Suramin	0-7	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	47-55
22228809-5	2012	Suramin treatment decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), phospho-p65 of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and cleaved caspase-3 at 48 h compared with glycerol alone.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-97
22228809-5	2012	Suramin treatment decreased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA, transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)), phospho-p65 of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and cleaved caspase-3 at 48 h compared with glycerol alone.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	99-110
22558380-8	2012	Suramin also attenuated tubular expression of two chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and regulated upon expression normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Suramin	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-96
21671897-0	2012	Molecular basis of selective antagonism of the P2X1 receptor for ATP by NF449 and suramin: contribution of basic amino acids in the cysteine-rich loop.	Suramin	82-89	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	47-60
21671897-2	2012	In this study we have determined the contribution of the head region to the antagonist action of NF449 and suramin at the human P2X1 receptor.	Suramin	107-114	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	128-141
21671897-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These data indicate that a cluster of positively charged residues at the base of the cysteine-rich head region can account for the highly selective antagonism of the P2X1 receptor by the suramin derivative NF449.	Suramin	217-224	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	196-209
22558380-8	2012	Suramin also attenuated tubular expression of two chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and regulated upon expression normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES).	Suramin	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
22558380-9	2012	After renal mass ablation, several intracellular molecules associated with renal fibrosis, including NF-kappaB p65, Smad-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, are phosphorylated; suramin treatment inhibited their phosphorylation.	Suramin	235-242	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	124-174
22558380-10	2012	Futhermore, suramin abolished renal ablation-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet derived growth factor receptor, two receptors that mediate renal fibrosis.	Suramin	12-19	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	72-104
21736560-10	2011	Propranolol pre-incubation elevated the perfusion pressure changes of collaterals in response to AVP, which was inhibited by suramin.	Suramin	125-132	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
21960521-2	2011	CGRP and SP release was unaffected by PAF antagonists but reduced by the purinergic antagonist suramin.	Suramin	95-102	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
21960521-2	2011	CGRP and SP release was unaffected by PAF antagonists but reduced by the purinergic antagonist suramin.	Suramin	95-102	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	9-11
21736560-12	2011	The group treated with propranolol plus suramin had a down-regulation of G(alpha11) as compared with the propranolol group.	Suramin	40-47	G protein subunit alpha 11	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
21885991-11	2011	Furthermore, Up4A-stimulated phosphorylation and kinase activity of S6K and Erk1/2 were inhibited by the P2 receptor antagonist, suramin, but not by the P2X receptor antagonist, Ip5I.	Suramin	129-136	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	68-71
21885991-11	2011	Furthermore, Up4A-stimulated phosphorylation and kinase activity of S6K and Erk1/2 were inhibited by the P2 receptor antagonist, suramin, but not by the P2X receptor antagonist, Ip5I.	Suramin	129-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	76-82
21470104-3	2011	For example, suramin can enhance renal regeneration after ischemia/reperfusion injury, attenuate liver damage following CD95 stimulation and endotoxic shock, reduce brain injury induced by ischemia, and suppress myocardial inflammation.	Suramin	13-20	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	120-124
21622732-4	2011	Suramin completely blocked further increase in expression of type I collagen and fibronectin and largely suppressed expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in both treatment groups.	Suramin	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	81-92
21622732-7	2011	Suramin treatment also inhibited activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, two signaling pathways associated with renal fibrogenesis.	Suramin	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	47-97
21622732-7	2011	Suramin treatment also inhibited activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2, two signaling pathways associated with renal fibrogenesis.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	102-147
21622732-8	2011	Furthermore, delayed application of suramin suppressed TGF-beta1-induced expression of alpha-SMA and fibronectin in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts.	Suramin	36-43	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
21622732-8	2011	Furthermore, delayed application of suramin suppressed TGF-beta1-induced expression of alpha-SMA and fibronectin in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts.	Suramin	36-43	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	101-112
21652710-5	2011	Consistent with this, TF up-regulation was inhibited by suramin or by siRNA silencing of P2Y(2) receptor, but not by NF-157, a P2Y(11)-selective antagonist, suggesting a role for the P2Y(2) receptor.	Suramin	56-63	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	22-24
21145832-12	2011	Furthermore, the effect of S1P was mimicked by SEW2871 (an S1P(1) agonist), and blocked by suramin (an S1P(3) antagonist) and by silencing S1P(1,3) expression.	Suramin	91-98	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	27-30
21191044-2	2011	Here, we identified 7,7"-(carbonylbis(imino-3,1-phenylenecarbonylimino-3,1-(4-methyl-phenylene)carbonylimino))bis(1-methoxy-naphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid) tetrasodium salt (NF770) as a nanomolar-potent competitive P2X2 receptor antagonist within a series of 139 suramin derivatives.	Suramin	264-271	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
22178418-8	2012	Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in plasma and joint extracts were reduced (p&lt;0.0001) significantly in response to suramin treatment.	Suramin	159-166	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
22178418-8	2012	Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in plasma and joint extracts were reduced (p&lt;0.0001) significantly in response to suramin treatment.	Suramin	159-166	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	56-64
22178418-8	2012	Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in plasma and joint extracts were reduced (p&lt;0.0001) significantly in response to suramin treatment.	Suramin	159-166	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
21832250-7	2011	High-glucose stimulation of caspase-1 was attenuated by suramin, a nonselective P2 antagonist, or A2 adenosine receptor antagonists, but not by antagonism of P2X7 ATP-gated ion channel receptors.	Suramin	56-63	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
21641579-7	2011	The implication of P2Y receptor was exhibited by a significant inhibition of pressure-induced IL-6 expression by suramin, an antagonist for the non-specific purinergic receptor family.	Suramin	113-120	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	94-98
21617121-3	2011	Here, treatment of cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts with suramin inhibited their activation induced by TGF-beta1 and serum.	Suramin	64-71	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	110-119
21617121-4	2011	In a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy, administration of a single dose of suramin immediately after ureteral obstruction abolished the expression of fibronectin, largely suppressed expression of alpha-SMA and type I collagen, and reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins.	Suramin	80-87	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	155-166
21617121-5	2011	Suramin also decreased the expression of multiple cytokines including TGF-beta1 and reduced the interstitial infiltration of leukocytes.	Suramin	0-7	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-79
21617121-6	2011	Moreover, suramin decreased expression of the type II TGF-beta receptor, blocked phosphorylation of the EGF and PDGF receptors, and inactivated several signaling pathways associated with the progression of renal fibrosis.	Suramin	10-17	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	104-107
21356271-7	2011	The effect was blocked by suramin (10-100 muM), known to be an effective antagonist against P2Y(2), but not P2Y(4), receptor-mediated responses.	Suramin	26-33	latexin	Homo sapiens	42-45
21296070-10	2011	Pretreatment with suramin (30-100muM), a relatively selective P2Y(2) antagonist, strongly inhibited ATP- and UTP-induced contractions and [Ca(2+)](i) increases.	Suramin	18-25	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
21029725-7	2010	Based on the docking structure of the hEGF-suramin complex, we demonstrated how suramin blocks hEGF by binding to its receptor binding site (the C-terminal region around Arg45) and inhibits the crucial conformational change.	Suramin	80-87	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	38-42
20722064-6	2011	RESULTS: ATP-enhanced IL-8 production was only partly blocked by the P(2) receptor antagonist suramin and required activation of NF-kappaB while ATP-mediated reduction of CCL20 was completely blocked by suramin and required activation of ERK1/2.	Suramin	94-101	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	22-26
20722064-6	2011	RESULTS: ATP-enhanced IL-8 production was only partly blocked by the P(2) receptor antagonist suramin and required activation of NF-kappaB while ATP-mediated reduction of CCL20 was completely blocked by suramin and required activation of ERK1/2.	Suramin	203-210	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	Homo sapiens	171-176
21108244-0	2011	Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in mdx mice by suramin, a TGF-beta1 blocker.	Suramin	61-68	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	72-81
21108244-2	2011	We evaluated the effect of suramin, a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) blocker, on fibrosis in mdx mice.	Suramin	27-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	38-71
21108244-2	2011	We evaluated the effect of suramin, a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) blocker, on fibrosis in mdx mice.	Suramin	27-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	73-82
21461238-4	2011	CCL2 release by NAD(+) and NADP(+) was inhibited by a concentration dependent manner by suramin, an antagonist of P2-purinergic receptors.	Suramin	88-95	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
21544175-0	2011	Suramin inhibits the early effects of PLA(2) neurotoxins at mouse neuromuscular junctions: A twitch tension study.	Suramin	0-7	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	38-44
21544175-3	2011	Suramin has been reported to inhibit the toxic effects of beta-bungarotoxin and another PLA(2) neurotoxin, crotoxin in vitro and in vivo.	Suramin	0-7	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	88-94
21544175-4	2011	We have further examined the effects of suramin on the three phases of the effects of the presynaptic PLA(2) neurotoxins beta-bungarotoxin, taipoxin and ammodytoxin on mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations.	Suramin	40-47	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	102-108
21544175-8	2011	Overall, the mechanism whereby suramin reduces the effects of PLA(2) neurotoxins remains elusive.	Suramin	31-38	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	62-68
20471713-4	2011	The enhanced phagocytosis could be inhibited by pre-treatment with the P2X and P2Y antagonists, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonic acid and suramin, and the P2Y1-selective antagonist, MRS2179.	Suramin	155-162	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	172-176
21029725-0	2010	The NMR solution structure of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) at physiological pH and its interactions with suramin.	Suramin	113-120	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	36-59
21029725-0	2010	The NMR solution structure of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) at physiological pH and its interactions with suramin.	Suramin	113-120	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	61-65
21029725-3	2010	Suramin, a polysulfonated naphthylurea that acts as a growth factor blocker, exhibits antiproliferative activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells that overexpress EGFR on the cell surface.	Suramin	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
21029725-4	2010	We determined the solution structure of hEGF under physiological conditions and investigated the interaction of suramin with hEGF using isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy techniques.	Suramin	112-119	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	125-129
21029725-7	2010	Based on the docking structure of the hEGF-suramin complex, we demonstrated how suramin blocks hEGF by binding to its receptor binding site (the C-terminal region around Arg45) and inhibits the crucial conformational change.	Suramin	43-50	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	38-42
21029725-7	2010	Based on the docking structure of the hEGF-suramin complex, we demonstrated how suramin blocks hEGF by binding to its receptor binding site (the C-terminal region around Arg45) and inhibits the crucial conformational change.	Suramin	43-50	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	95-99
20107799-1	2010	PURPOSE: In preclinical models, non-cytotoxic suramin (concentrations &lt;50 muM) potentiates the activity of multiple chemotherapeutic agents.	Suramin	46-53	latexin	Homo sapiens	77-80
20107799-10	2010	The target plasma suramin concentration range of 10-50 muM was achieved in 90% of treatments.	Suramin	18-25	latexin	Homo sapiens	55-58
21029725-7	2010	Based on the docking structure of the hEGF-suramin complex, we demonstrated how suramin blocks hEGF by binding to its receptor binding site (the C-terminal region around Arg45) and inhibits the crucial conformational change.	Suramin	80-87	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	95-99
20335377-14	2010	Suramin, a P2Y(2) receptor antagonist, blocked resensitization caused by UTP.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	11-17
20666457-8	2010	We also found that suramin effectively inhibited PRMT1 activity.	Suramin	19-26	protein arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
20147562-5	2010	These effects of UTP on bladder neuron excitability were blocked by the P2Y(2) receptor antagonist suramin.	Suramin	99-106	purinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled 2	Mus musculus	72-78
20042732-5	2010	The increase in ecNOS expression mediated by 10(-6)M ATP was significantly reduced by 10(-5) M suramin.	Suramin	95-102	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	16-21
20042732-6	2010	Suramin (10(-5) M) caused a significant reduction in the shear stress-mediated increases in ecNOS immunohistochemical staining and mRNA expression.	Suramin	0-7	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	92-97
20199215-8	2010	The activation of ERK1/2 was blocked by suramin (P2Y inhibitor), MRS2578 (P2Y(6) antagonist) and apyrase.	Suramin	40-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-24
20213245-11	2010	These same inhibitory effects are not observed with the GM1 ganglioside specific cholera toxin subunit B (CTXB) as well as with CTX, tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a, and the broad range GPCR inhibitor suramin.	Suramin	201-208	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	186-190
19735076-6	2009	In addition, IL-8 secretion was markedly diminished by the non-selective P2 receptor antagonists reactive blue 2 and suramin, and by a selective P2Y(6) antagonist, MRS2578.	Suramin	117-124	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	13-17
19889958-6	2010	Elimination of released ATP with apyrase or inhibition of P2X7 receptors with the antagonists KN-62 or suramin significantly weakens FAK phosphorylation, p38 MAPK activation, IL-2 expression, and T-cell proliferation.	Suramin	103-110	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	133-136
19889958-6	2010	Elimination of released ATP with apyrase or inhibition of P2X7 receptors with the antagonists KN-62 or suramin significantly weakens FAK phosphorylation, p38 MAPK activation, IL-2 expression, and T-cell proliferation.	Suramin	103-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	154-157
19889958-6	2010	Elimination of released ATP with apyrase or inhibition of P2X7 receptors with the antagonists KN-62 or suramin significantly weakens FAK phosphorylation, p38 MAPK activation, IL-2 expression, and T-cell proliferation.	Suramin	103-110	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	175-179
19864642-7	2010	Using transwell, antibody-mediated depletion, suramin inhibition of purinergic receptors, and competitive experiments with uridine diphosphate (UDP)/uridine triphosphate (UTP), we demonstrate that HNP1-3 secreted by CD14(-)/CD24(+) cells inhibit M-CSF-induced differentiation of CD14(+)/CD24(-) cells at least in part through P2Y6, a receptor involved in macrophage differentiation.	Suramin	46-53	HNP1	Homo sapiens	197-201
20050854-9	2010	In contrast to ATP, the P2Y(6)-selective agonist UDP increased mRNA expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6 in J774 macrophages; this effect was blocked by suramin (100-300 microM) or pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2"-4"-disulphonic acid (PPADS, 10-30 microM).	Suramin	193-200	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G-protein coupled, 6	Mus musculus	24-30
20050854-9	2010	In contrast to ATP, the P2Y(6)-selective agonist UDP increased mRNA expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-6 in J774 macrophages; this effect was blocked by suramin (100-300 microM) or pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2"-4"-disulphonic acid (PPADS, 10-30 microM).	Suramin	193-200	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	131-144
20050854-10	2010	Finally, 4-week treatment of cholesterol-fed apoE(-/-) mice with suramin or PPADS (50 and 25 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) respectively) reduced plaque size, without changing plaque composition (relative SMC and macrophage content) or cell replication.	Suramin	65-72	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	45-49
20668365-5	2010	ATPgammaS-induced migration of TGFbeta(1)-treated A549 cells was reversed by the P2 antagonist suramin.	Suramin	95-102	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-41
19960006-10	2009	The effects of high glucose on TGF-beta1 mRNA were markedly inhibited by suramin, DPI or PD98059.	Suramin	73-80	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
19933047-0	2009	Heparin and suramin alter plitidepsin uptake via inhibition of GPCR coupled signaling.	Suramin	12-19	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	63-67
19933047-6	2009	Further work showed that plitidepsin binds to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), since GPCR and GRK (GPCR kinases) inhibitors suramin and heparin respectively, markedly reduce the drug uptake and its cytotoxic activity.	Suramin	128-135	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	75-79
19933047-6	2009	Further work showed that plitidepsin binds to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), since GPCR and GRK (GPCR kinases) inhibitors suramin and heparin respectively, markedly reduce the drug uptake and its cytotoxic activity.	Suramin	128-135	vomeronasal 1 receptor 17 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	89-93
19654006-9	2009	Treatment of neutrophils with apyrase (catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP) and suramin (P2-receptor antagonist) abrogated the release of CXCL8 and elastase induced by cigarette smoke extract and exogenous ATP.	Suramin	89-96	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	147-152
19619286-7	2009	Conversely, whereas the P2X receptor antagonist PPADS and the P2Y antagonist reactive blue-2 partially inhibited increases in the translocation of nNOS and [Ca2+]i by ATP, the non-selective P2 receptor antagonist suramin completely blocked them.	Suramin	213-220	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
19570880-8	2009	ATP alone increased Akt activity and this effect was significantly blocked by suramin, a P2 receptor antagonist.	Suramin	78-85	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	20-23
19656172-5	2009	In mice, suramin significantly reduced the upregulation of the carbohydrate HNK-1 on the Schwann cells in the distal nerve stump that normally occurs during motor axon regeneration.	Suramin	9-16	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (glucuronosyltransferase P)	Mus musculus	76-81
19219548-6	2009	Herein, we show that in human endothelial cells, VEGF-induced angiogenesis is mitigated by dimethylsphingosine and suramin; inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 1(SphK-1) and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1(S1P (1)), respectively, and this were bypassed by LacCer but not by S1P.	Suramin	115-122	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	49-53
19219548-6	2009	Herein, we show that in human endothelial cells, VEGF-induced angiogenesis is mitigated by dimethylsphingosine and suramin; inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 1(SphK-1) and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1(S1P (1)), respectively, and this were bypassed by LacCer but not by S1P.	Suramin	115-122	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	138-158
19219548-6	2009	Herein, we show that in human endothelial cells, VEGF-induced angiogenesis is mitigated by dimethylsphingosine and suramin; inhibitors of sphingosine kinase 1(SphK-1) and sphingosine1-phosphate receptor 1(S1P (1)), respectively, and this were bypassed by LacCer but not by S1P.	Suramin	115-122	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	171-204
19169647-0	2009	Suramin inhibits macrophage activation by human group IIA phospholipase A2, but does not affect bactericidal activity of the enzyme.	Suramin	0-7	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	48-74
19418484-6	2009	Of note, suramin-mediated inhibition of FHIT enzymatic activity also enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	Suramin	9-16	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	40-44
19418484-6	2009	Of note, suramin-mediated inhibition of FHIT enzymatic activity also enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis.	Suramin	9-16	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	78-83
19303321-3	2009	Indeed, the migration of human neutrophils towards IL-8 was significantly inhibited by the P2Y receptor antagonists, suramin and reactive blue 2 (RB-2) and potentiated by a P2Y(2) ligand, ATP, but insensitive to specific antagonists of P2Y(1), P2Y(6) and P2Y(11) receptors.	Suramin	117-124	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	51-55
19332154-0	2009	Structural and thermodynamic analysis of thrombin:suramin interaction in solution and crystal phases.	Suramin	50-57	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	41-49
19332154-1	2009	Suramin is a hexasulfonated naphthylurea which has been recently characterized as a non-competitive inhibitor of human alpha-thrombin activity over fibrinogen, although its binding site and mode of interaction with the enzyme remain elusive.	Suramin	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	125-133
19332154-2	2009	Here, we determined two X-ray structure of the thrombin:suramin complex, refined at 2.4 A resolution.	Suramin	56-63	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	47-55
19332154-3	2009	While a single thrombin:suramin complex was found in the asymmetric unit cell of the crystal, some of the crystallographic contacts with symmetrically related molecules are mediated by both the enzyme and the ligand.	Suramin	24-31	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	15-23
19332154-7	2009	Collectively, close understanding on the structural basis for interaction is given which might establish a basis for design of suramin analogues targeting thrombin.	Suramin	127-134	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	155-163
19453639-7	2009	In contrast, blocking system-inherent FGF-2 by suramin showed opposite effects.	Suramin	47-54	fibroblast growth factor 2	Gallus gallus	38-43
19115410-8	2009	The purinergic receptor antagonists pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS; 25 microM) and suramin (100 microM) significantly reduced the number of olfactory epithelium slices exhibiting ATP-evoked NPY release to 18% +/- 11% (P = 0.004), indicating that NPY release is mediated by activation of purinergic receptors.	Suramin	112-119	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	219-222
19115410-8	2009	The purinergic receptor antagonists pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS; 25 microM) and suramin (100 microM) significantly reduced the number of olfactory epithelium slices exhibiting ATP-evoked NPY release to 18% +/- 11% (P = 0.004), indicating that NPY release is mediated by activation of purinergic receptors.	Suramin	112-119	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	275-278
19516182-9	2009	In the pregnant Suramin-treated rats group, the renin levels increased (+122%) and the sFlt-1 levels decreased (-58%) during pregnancy.	Suramin	16-23	renin	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
19220289-3	2009	Suramin displaces CaM from RyR2 and we have used a gel-shift assay to provide evidence of the mechanism underlying this effect.	Suramin	0-7	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
19283894-0	2009	Suramin inhibits the CD40-CD154 costimulatory interaction: a possible mechanism for immunosuppressive effects.	Suramin	0-7	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	21-25
19283894-0	2009	Suramin inhibits the CD40-CD154 costimulatory interaction: a possible mechanism for immunosuppressive effects.	Suramin	0-7	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	26-31
19283894-5	2009	Suramin was selected for investigation because it has been reported to be an inhibitor of the interaction of TNF-a with its receptor and CD154 is a member of the TNF-family.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-114
19283894-5	2009	Suramin was selected for investigation because it has been reported to be an inhibitor of the interaction of TNF-a with its receptor and CD154 is a member of the TNF-family.	Suramin	0-7	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	137-142
19283894-5	2009	Suramin was selected for investigation because it has been reported to be an inhibitor of the interaction of TNF-a with its receptor and CD154 is a member of the TNF-family.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
19220289-6	2009	Also, suramin displaced CaM from a peptide of the CaM binding domain of RyR2, indicating that, like the skeletal isoform (RyR1), suramin directly competes with CaM for its binding site on the channel.	Suramin	6-13	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
19220289-6	2009	Also, suramin displaced CaM from a peptide of the CaM binding domain of RyR2, indicating that, like the skeletal isoform (RyR1), suramin directly competes with CaM for its binding site on the channel.	Suramin	129-136	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
19220289-6	2009	Also, suramin displaced CaM from a peptide of the CaM binding domain of RyR2, indicating that, like the skeletal isoform (RyR1), suramin directly competes with CaM for its binding site on the channel.	Suramin	129-136	ryanodine receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
19019741-5	2009	CFTR-mediated HCO(3)(-) currents were inhibited by open channel blockers DNDS, glibenclamide and suramin, and these inhibitions were affected by mutations within the channel pore.	Suramin	97-104	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
18945939-5	2009	ATP analogues, including benzoylbenzoyl-ATP, suramin, and brilliant blue G were even more effective inhibitors of pannexin 1 currents than ATP.	Suramin	45-52	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	114-124
19220289-4	2009	Finally, using suramin to displace endogenous CaM from RyR2 in permeabilized cardiac cells, we have investigated the effects of 50 nmol.L(-1) CaM on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-release.	Suramin	15-22	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
18725651-0	2008	Improved muscle healing after contusion injury by the inhibitory effect of suramin on myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth.	Suramin	75-82	myostatin	Mus musculus	86-95
19139134-7	2009	Among them, suramin, NF449, and methyl-3,4-dephostatin are phosphotyrosine mimetics that may act as Tdp1 substrate decoys.	Suramin	12-19	tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
18725651-6	2008	Furthermore, MDSCs were cocultured with suramin and myostatin (MSTN) to monitor the capability of suramin to neutralize the effect of MSTN.	Suramin	98-105	myostatin	Mus musculus	134-138
18725651-9	2008	Moreover, suramin neutralized the inhibitory effect of MSTN on MDSC differentiation.	Suramin	10-17	myostatin	Mus musculus	55-59
18725651-10	2008	In vivo: Suramin treatment significantly promoted muscle regeneration, decreased fibrosis formation, reduced myostatin expression in injured muscle, and increased muscle strength after contusion injury.	Suramin	9-16	myostatin	Mus musculus	109-118
18725651-12	2008	Suramin enhanced myoblast and MDSC differentiation and neutralized MSTN"s negative effect on myogenic differentiation in vitro, which suggests a possible mechanism for the beneficial effects that this pharmacologic agent exhibits in vivo.	Suramin	0-7	myostatin	Mus musculus	67-71
18777108-8	2008	The receptor involved was further characterized by the nonspecific P2 antagonists suramin and reactive blue 2, which each partially inhibited ATP-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation.	Suramin	82-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Bos taurus	155-161
18784987-6	2008	[Ca(2+)](i) transients induced by 2-MeSADP and UDP were antagonized by suramin (100 microM), U73122 (2 microM, PLC inhibitor), and 2-APB (10 or 30 microM, IP(3) receptor antagonist), but neither by staurosporine (1 microM, PKC inhibitor) nor depletion of extracellular Ca(2+).	Suramin	71-78	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	155-169
18765669-2	2008	Suramin has been widely used as an antagonist at P2X receptors, and its analog 4,4",4"",4"""-[carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino))] tetrakis-benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (NF449) is selective for the P2X(1) subtype.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	217-223
18765669-12	2008	The results explain the marked species difference in antagonist sensitivity and identify an ectodomain lysine residue that plays a key role in the binding of both suramin and NF449 to P2X(1) receptors.	Suramin	163-170	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
18689674-5	2008	Furthermore, blocking ATP signaling by the P2Y1 blockers, MRS2176, suramin, and apyrase, reduces Ca(2+) transients and retards INP migration to the subventricular zone.	Suramin	67-74	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	43-47
18772343-7	2008	Retraction was rescued by co-treatment with the S1P3/S1P5 pathway antagonist, suramin, and was associated with RhoA-mediated cytoskeletal signaling.	Suramin	78-85	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	48-52
18772343-7	2008	Retraction was rescued by co-treatment with the S1P3/S1P5 pathway antagonist, suramin, and was associated with RhoA-mediated cytoskeletal signaling.	Suramin	78-85	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Homo sapiens	53-57
18481265-9	2008	Finally, only vasopressin release from electrically stimulated intact neurohypophyses was reduced in the presence of Suramin or PPADS.	Suramin	117-124	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	14-25
18501702-3	2008	Suramin, a non-selective P2 receptor antagonist, and two different P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonists, ATP analogue (oxidized ATP) and dye (Brilliant blue G), inhibited fluid flow-induced ERK activation.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	187-190
18434089-8	2008	Suramin (a P2-purinoceptor antagonist), neomycin (a PLC inhibitor), staurosporin (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (a MEK inhibitor) significantly attenuated the ATP-induced activation of MAPK.	Suramin	0-7	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	11-26
18697206-11	2008	Pretreatment with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin also partly suppressed early regenerative signals and c-fos expression, but without preventing TAN loss.	Suramin	53-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
18612546-6	2008	Inhibition of S1P receptors by suramin (inhibitor of S1P3), JTE013 (inhibitor of S1P2) or VPC23019 (inhibitor of S1P1 and S1P3) reduced the up-regulation of Cox-2 induced by HDL and S1P.	Suramin	31-38	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	53-57
18612546-6	2008	Inhibition of S1P receptors by suramin (inhibitor of S1P3), JTE013 (inhibitor of S1P2) or VPC23019 (inhibitor of S1P1 and S1P3) reduced the up-regulation of Cox-2 induced by HDL and S1P.	Suramin	31-38	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
18612546-10	2008	Finally, suramin, JTE013 and VPC23019 inhibited p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways activated by HDL (or S1P) and the downstream activation of CREB, a key transcription factor involved in Cox-2 transcriptional up-regulation.	Suramin	9-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
18612546-10	2008	Finally, suramin, JTE013 and VPC23019 inhibited p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways activated by HDL (or S1P) and the downstream activation of CREB, a key transcription factor involved in Cox-2 transcriptional up-regulation.	Suramin	9-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	61-67
18612546-10	2008	Finally, suramin, JTE013 and VPC23019 inhibited p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways activated by HDL (or S1P) and the downstream activation of CREB, a key transcription factor involved in Cox-2 transcriptional up-regulation.	Suramin	9-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
18612546-10	2008	Finally, suramin, JTE013 and VPC23019 inhibited p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways activated by HDL (or S1P) and the downstream activation of CREB, a key transcription factor involved in Cox-2 transcriptional up-regulation.	Suramin	9-16	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	191-196
18374478-0	2008	Lysyl oxidase (LOX) mRNA expression and genes of the differentiated osteoblastic phenotype are upregulated in human osteosarcoma cells by suramin.	Suramin	138-145	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	0-13
18374478-0	2008	Lysyl oxidase (LOX) mRNA expression and genes of the differentiated osteoblastic phenotype are upregulated in human osteosarcoma cells by suramin.	Suramin	138-145	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	15-18
18522899-8	2008	Immunoblotting revealed increased Fas and caspase-8 expression by suramin treatment.	Suramin	66-73	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	42-51
18410576-7	2008	Interestingly, both suramin and SB225002, another G-protein coupled receptor antagonist, suppressed ERK activation.	Suramin	20-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
18434089-8	2008	Suramin (a P2-purinoceptor antagonist), neomycin (a PLC inhibitor), staurosporin (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (a MEK inhibitor) significantly attenuated the ATP-induced activation of MAPK.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	115-118
18434089-8	2008	Suramin (a P2-purinoceptor antagonist), neomycin (a PLC inhibitor), staurosporin (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (a MEK inhibitor) significantly attenuated the ATP-induced activation of MAPK.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	185-189
17993619-8	2008	Nucleotide-induced inhibition of IFN-alpha production is blocked by suramin, a P2Y receptor antagonist.	Suramin	68-75	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	33-42
18418540-5	2008	We also show that the gating of recombinant RyR2 is indistinguishable from that of channels isolated from cardiac muscle when activated by cytosolic Ca2+, caffeine or suramin.	Suramin	167-174	ryanodine receptor 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-48
17964677-6	2007	Cell killing was observed with short drug incubations and exhibited saturation at 6 h. nLDL-PO cell survival improved in the presence of the LDL receptor inhibitor, suramin, demonstrating that the drug was delivered via the LDL receptor.	Suramin	165-172	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	141-153
18423120-15	2008	CONCLUSION: Suramin could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of LA795 cells in T739 mice through regulating the expression of EGFR, P-selectin and PCNA.	Suramin	12-19	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	132-136
18423120-15	2008	CONCLUSION: Suramin could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of LA795 cells in T739 mice through regulating the expression of EGFR, P-selectin and PCNA.	Suramin	12-19	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	138-148
18423120-15	2008	CONCLUSION: Suramin could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of LA795 cells in T739 mice through regulating the expression of EGFR, P-selectin and PCNA.	Suramin	12-19	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	153-157
18303186-10	2008	In the presence of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, the up-regulation of CD86 and CD54 expression by allergens was in part suppressed.	Suramin	46-53	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-80
18303186-10	2008	In the presence of the P2 receptor antagonist suramin, the up-regulation of CD86 and CD54 expression by allergens was in part suppressed.	Suramin	46-53	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
17913833-7	2008	The PLC inhibitor U73122, but not U73343, its inactive analog, recapitulates the action of suramin.	Suramin	91-98	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
18037910-8	2008	The guinea pig P2X(7) receptor possessed higher affinity for 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinoline sulphonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN62), suramin and Coomassie Brilliant Blue than human or rat P2X(7) receptors suggesting that it is pharmacologically different to other rodent or human P2X(7) receptors.	Suramin	145-152	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	15-30
18082965-6	2008	In addition, P2X(7) inhibitors as ZnSO(4), BBG and suramin abolished partially or totally the responses induced by the physiological agonist ATP.	Suramin	51-58	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	13-19
17918267-6	2008	RESULTS: Short-term (1 day) FTY720 treatment caused initial process retraction that was reversed by uncoupling S1P3 and 5 from their G protein using suramin, and with a Rho-kinase inhibitor H1152.	Suramin	149-156	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	111-115
17964677-6	2007	Cell killing was observed with short drug incubations and exhibited saturation at 6 h. nLDL-PO cell survival improved in the presence of the LDL receptor inhibitor, suramin, demonstrating that the drug was delivered via the LDL receptor.	Suramin	165-172	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	224-236
18032665-7	2007	Suramin, which is a noncompetitive antagonist at wild-type P2X2 receptors, had a pronounced agonist action at both P2X2[T339S] and P2X2[K69A/T339S] receptors but not at P2X2[K308A/T339S].	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
18032665-7	2007	Suramin, which is a noncompetitive antagonist at wild-type P2X2 receptors, had a pronounced agonist action at both P2X2[T339S] and P2X2[K69A/T339S] receptors but not at P2X2[K308A/T339S].	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
18032665-7	2007	Suramin, which is a noncompetitive antagonist at wild-type P2X2 receptors, had a pronounced agonist action at both P2X2[T339S] and P2X2[K69A/T339S] receptors but not at P2X2[K308A/T339S].	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
18032665-7	2007	Suramin, which is a noncompetitive antagonist at wild-type P2X2 receptors, had a pronounced agonist action at both P2X2[T339S] and P2X2[K69A/T339S] receptors but not at P2X2[K308A/T339S].	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
17727821-2	2007	In this report, we systematically evaluated the effect of the commonly used P2 receptor antagonists reactive blue 2, suramin, NF279, NF449 and MRS2179, on recombinant human and mouse NTPDase1, 2, 3 and 8.	Suramin	117-124	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Mus musculus	183-191
17243113-11	2007	After CDDP treatment, we found an increase of phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, that could be inhibited by PD98059 and suramin.	Suramin	146-153	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	98-105
18023464-6	2008	The PLA(2) and proteolytic activities of B. jararacussu crude venom were also inhibited in a concentration-dependent way by suramin, showing that this polyanion antivenom activity has therapeutic potential to be used as an antivenom.	Suramin	124-131	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
17628866-6	2007	Suramin was reported to inhibit human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).	Suramin	0-7	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	38-47
17628866-6	2007	Suramin was reported to inhibit human sirtuin 1 (SIRT1).	Suramin	0-7	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
17628866-7	2007	We tested a diverse set of suramin analogues to elucidate the inhibition of the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT2 and discovered selective inhibitors of human sirtuins with potency in the two-digit nanomolar range.	Suramin	27-34	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
17628866-7	2007	We tested a diverse set of suramin analogues to elucidate the inhibition of the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT2 and discovered selective inhibitors of human sirtuins with potency in the two-digit nanomolar range.	Suramin	27-34	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
17628866-9	2007	The recently published X-ray crystal structure of human SIRT5 in complex with suramin and the human SIRT2 structure were used to analyze the interaction mode of the novel suramin derivatives.	Suramin	78-85	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	56-61
17628866-9	2007	The recently published X-ray crystal structure of human SIRT5 in complex with suramin and the human SIRT2 structure were used to analyze the interaction mode of the novel suramin derivatives.	Suramin	171-178	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	56-61
17628866-9	2007	The recently published X-ray crystal structure of human SIRT5 in complex with suramin and the human SIRT2 structure were used to analyze the interaction mode of the novel suramin derivatives.	Suramin	171-178	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
17913880-9	2007	Responses to beta-NAD and inhibitory junction potentials are blocked by the P2Y1-selective antagonist, MRS2179, and the nonselective P2 receptor antagonists, pyridoxal phosphate 6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid and suramin.	Suramin	216-223	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	76-80
17582610-8	2007	Suramin synergized with PTX in its effects on secretion of MMP-9 gelatinase.	Suramin	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	59-64
17532295-7	2007	NOS activity induced by CNP was abolished by suramin and calmidazoliumand but it is not modified by anantin.	Suramin	45-52	natriuretic peptide C	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
17581215-12	2007	Suramin, an ATP receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of 2mSATP, but not those of <protein-id="312913">CPA.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 6	Rattus norvegicus	12-24
17355872-0	2007	Structural basis of inhibition of the human NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT5 by suramin.	Suramin	80-87	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	71-76
17351658-3	2007	KEY RESULTS: Binding of [(35)S]GTPgammaS was dissociable in the absence of agonist and dissociation was accelerated both in rate and extent by dopamine, an effect which was blocked by the dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist raclopride and by suramin, which inhibits receptor/G protein interaction.	Suramin	240-247	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	188-210
17390169-7	2007	As a parameter for angiogenic activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was measured, revealing reduced VEGF concentrations under Suramin treatment in both cell culture medium and ascites.	Suramin	150-157	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	40-74
17390169-7	2007	As a parameter for angiogenic activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was measured, revealing reduced VEGF concentrations under Suramin treatment in both cell culture medium and ascites.	Suramin	150-157	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	76-80
17390169-7	2007	As a parameter for angiogenic activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was measured, revealing reduced VEGF concentrations under Suramin treatment in both cell culture medium and ascites.	Suramin	150-157	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	124-128
16946718-4	2007	The P2 antagonists, suramin-, reactive blue 2-, and periodate-oxidized ATP, inhibited ATP-induced IL-6 release, whereas pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid, adenosine 3"-phosphate 5"-phosphate, 1-[N,O-bis(1,5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine, and pertussis toxin did not.	Suramin	20-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	98-102
17382352-5	2007	Suramin, an antagonist of S1P(3) receptor, almost completely inhibited S1P-induced COX-2 expression.	Suramin	0-7	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
17321499-2	2007	Previous study showed that suramin is an activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling in several cell lines including Chinese hamster ovary cells, although the physiological relevance of this activation remains uncertain.	Suramin	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	93-99
17321499-3	2007	Here, it was shown that suramin enhances neurite outgrowth concomitant with activation of ERK1/2 in Neuro-2a cells, a neuronal cell line.	Suramin	24-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	90-96
17321499-5	2007	The suramin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also inhibited by inhibitors of Src family kinases.	Suramin	4-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	39-45
17321499-5	2007	The suramin-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was also inhibited by inhibitors of Src family kinases.	Suramin	4-11	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	82-85
17321499-6	2007	This attenuation of ERK1/2 activity was accompanied by a significant decrease in suramin-induced neurite outgrowth.	Suramin	81-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	20-26
17321499-7	2007	These results suggest that suramin activates the Src/ERK1/2 signaling pathway that induces neurite outgrowth, both of which are negatively regulated by cAMP produced in response to activation of endogenous adenosine A2A receptors.	Suramin	27-34	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	49-52
17321499-7	2007	These results suggest that suramin activates the Src/ERK1/2 signaling pathway that induces neurite outgrowth, both of which are negatively regulated by cAMP produced in response to activation of endogenous adenosine A2A receptors.	Suramin	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	53-59
17328921-4	2007	In HepG2 cells pre-treated with suramin, which inhibits uptake via the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), the uptake of CRLPs was also inhibited (-37%) to a greater extent than that of lycCRLPs (-24%), so that the values for the two types of particle were no longer significantly different.	Suramin	32-39	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	71-99
17328921-4	2007	In HepG2 cells pre-treated with suramin, which inhibits uptake via the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP), the uptake of CRLPs was also inhibited (-37%) to a greater extent than that of lycCRLPs (-24%), so that the values for the two types of particle were no longer significantly different.	Suramin	32-39	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
17355872-3	2007	We identified suramin as a compound that binds to human SIRT5 and showed that it inhibits SIRT5 NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase activity with an IC(50) value of 22 microM.	Suramin	14-21	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	56-61
17355872-3	2007	We identified suramin as a compound that binds to human SIRT5 and showed that it inhibits SIRT5 NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase activity with an IC(50) value of 22 microM.	Suramin	14-21	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	90-95
17355872-4	2007	To provide insights into how sirtuin function is altered by inhibitors, we determined two crystal structures of SIRT5, one in complex with ADP-ribose, the other bound to suramin.	Suramin	170-177	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	112-117
17076658-11	2006	Both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and dopaminergic differentiation were inhibited by U0126, a selective ERK kinase inhibitor, as well as by suramin.	Suramin	134-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	5-11
17438360-5	2007	Further probing the mechanism responsible, we found that the G-coupled protein inhibitors pertussis toxin and suramin reduced protection of endothelium by HSA (p &lt; 0.005), while the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein had no effect.	Suramin	110-117	albumin	Homo sapiens	155-158
16916926-11	2006	ATP phosphorylated Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a time-dependent manner, and either suramin or reactive blue 2 (RB2) blocked the ATP-induced phosphorylation of Akt.	Suramin	115-122	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	191-194
16916926-12	2006	Suramin, RB2, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin), or the Akt inhibitor inhibited the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPKs.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	133-136
16916926-14	2006	Suramin, RB2, PD 98059, and wortmannin blocked the ATP-induced increase in the cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4 levels.	Suramin	0-7	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	79-88
16916926-14	2006	Suramin, RB2, PD 98059, and wortmannin blocked the ATP-induced increase in the cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4 levels.	Suramin	0-7	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	100-131
16916926-14	2006	Suramin, RB2, PD 98059, and wortmannin blocked the ATP-induced increase in the cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4 levels.	Suramin	0-7	cyclin-dependent kinase 4	Mus musculus	137-141
17552360-5	2007	Breakthrough discovery of nonapeptide FSHR antagonist molecules, like suramin, compound 1 and compound 10 are noted.	Suramin	70-77	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	38-42
17113952-3	2006	Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxations in response to electrical field stimulation in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor were significantly reduced by the P(2) purinoceptor antagonists pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonic acid (PPADS; 50 microM) or suramin (100 microM).	Suramin	282-289	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y6	Homo sapiens	175-192
17076658-11	2006	Both ERK1/2 phosphorylation and dopaminergic differentiation were inhibited by U0126, a selective ERK kinase inhibitor, as well as by suramin.	Suramin	134-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
16741950-8	2006	Pretreatment with suramin completely blocked the ATP-induced Hsp90 activation, confirming the involvement of cell-surface P2 nucleotide receptors in the ATP-mediated activation of ARO cells.	Suramin	18-25	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
16905269-6	2006	ATP-stimulated Ser-727 STAT3 phosphorylation was mediated through P2 receptor activation since suramin, an antagonist of P2 receptors, diminished this response, whereas 8-(para-sulfo-phenyl)-theophylline (8PSTP), an antagonist of P1 receptors, did not.	Suramin	95-102	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
16741950-9	2006	Treatment of proliferating ARO cells with suramin and apyrase significantly reduced the intracellular levels of Hsp90, suggesting an autocrine/paracrine mechanism of control on Hsp90 expression by extracellular ATP.	Suramin	42-49	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
16741950-9	2006	Treatment of proliferating ARO cells with suramin and apyrase significantly reduced the intracellular levels of Hsp90, suggesting an autocrine/paracrine mechanism of control on Hsp90 expression by extracellular ATP.	Suramin	42-49	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	177-182
16750994-8	2006	The purinergic receptor antagonist suramin did block LL-37-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IL-8 release, and expression of mRNA for the purinergic receptor P2X(7) was detected in HASM cells.	Suramin	35-42	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	53-58
16879804-9	2006	In addition, suramin (3 microM), an inhibitor of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), caused a reduction in the desensitization.	Suramin	13-20	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
16844112-9	2006	Suramin selectively blocked the capacity of Ap(4)A to induce iNOS, but not that of ATP or UDP.	Suramin	0-7	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
16418299-8	2006	ATP increased expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, CDK-4, and cyclin E, which were blocked by suramin, reactive blue 2, MRS-2179, MRS-2159, and nifedipine.	Suramin	111-118	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-66
16418299-8	2006	ATP increased expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, CDK-4, and cyclin E, which were blocked by suramin, reactive blue 2, MRS-2179, MRS-2159, and nifedipine.	Suramin	111-118	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
16716291-6	2006	UTP increased IL-6 mRNA and protein levels, and the increases were inhibited by a P2 purinergic receptor antagonist (suramin, 300 microM).	Suramin	117-124	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	14-18
16616945-12	2006	The EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and suramin protected against the ciglitazone-induced cell death.	Suramin	31-38	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	4-8
16750994-8	2006	The purinergic receptor antagonist suramin did block LL-37-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IL-8 release, and expression of mRNA for the purinergic receptor P2X(7) was detected in HASM cells.	Suramin	35-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	67-73
16750994-8	2006	The purinergic receptor antagonist suramin did block LL-37-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IL-8 release, and expression of mRNA for the purinergic receptor P2X(7) was detected in HASM cells.	Suramin	35-42	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	94-98
16257449-12	2006	The P2Y2-receptor is activated by UTP and ATP and blocked by suramin.	Suramin	61-68	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	4-8
16647694-7	2006	Pertussis toxin, suramin, reactive blue 2, PPADS, DPCPX and inhibitors of Protein Kinase C, Protein Kinase A and PI3 kinase significantly reduced the upregulation of egr-1 by exposure to extracellular ATP.	Suramin	17-24	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
16359767-5	2006	Suramin is a very potent competitive inhibitor of both human Ap(3)Aase and Fhit protein with K(i) values in the range 20-30 nM.	Suramin	0-7	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	61-70
16359767-5	2006	Suramin is a very potent competitive inhibitor of both human Ap(3)Aase and Fhit protein with K(i) values in the range 20-30 nM.	Suramin	0-7	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	75-79
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	49-56	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	25-29
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	49-56	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	120-124
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	49-56	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	125-134
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	168-175	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	25-29
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	168-175	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	120-124
16359767-8	2006	The strong inhibition of Fhit enzyme by the drug suramin, supports the need to investigate the therapeutic potential of Fhit-Ap(3)Aase mediated by its interaction with suramin or related drugs.	Suramin	168-175	fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	125-134
16410784-6	2006	ATPgammaS increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), whereas suramin and PPADS decreased both ATPgammaS-induced and basal ICAM-1 expression.	Suramin	86-93	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	147-153
16652167-6	2006	The P2X(4) antagonist suramin, but not PPADS, significantly blocked responses to ATP.	Suramin	22-29	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4	Mus musculus	4-10
16613671-10	2006	The expression of NF-kappaB was significantly lower and tumor cell apoptosis index was significantly higher in DDP, Suramin, and combination groups than in control group (P&lt;0.01).	Suramin	116-123	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	18-27
16613671-12	2006	The expression of MVD and VEGF in subcutaneous tumors and the occurrence rate of lung metastasis were also obviously lower in Suramin and combination groups.	Suramin	126-133	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	26-30
16322472-5	2006	HNP-induced IL-8 release was inhibited by treatment with the nucleotide receptor antagonists suramin and reactive blue.	Suramin	93-100	kallikrein related peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
16322472-5	2006	HNP-induced IL-8 release was inhibited by treatment with the nucleotide receptor antagonists suramin and reactive blue.	Suramin	93-100	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	12-16
15893415-5	2006	Furthermore, CEA release could be activated and inhibited by incubation of LS180 cells with suramin and 1,10-phenanthroline, compounds known to activate and inhibit GPI-PLD activity, respectively.	Suramin	92-99	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
15893415-5	2006	Furthermore, CEA release could be activated and inhibited by incubation of LS180 cells with suramin and 1,10-phenanthroline, compounds known to activate and inhibit GPI-PLD activity, respectively.	Suramin	92-99	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	165-172
16449800-7	2006	The P2X antagonist suramin was only able to block partially the 2-meSATP-stimulated current in WT cells, implying that both P2X4 receptor and another yet-to-be-identified P2X receptor mediate this current.	Suramin	19-26	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 1	Mus musculus	4-7
16449800-7	2006	The P2X antagonist suramin was only able to block partially the 2-meSATP-stimulated current in WT cells, implying that both P2X4 receptor and another yet-to-be-identified P2X receptor mediate this current.	Suramin	19-26	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 4	Mus musculus	124-128
16449800-7	2006	The P2X antagonist suramin was only able to block partially the 2-meSATP-stimulated current in WT cells, implying that both P2X4 receptor and another yet-to-be-identified P2X receptor mediate this current.	Suramin	19-26	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 1	Mus musculus	124-127
16411766-3	2006	Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we demonstrate that human acidic fibroblast growth factor (hFGF-1) binds to suramin with high affinity in the nanomolar range.	Suramin	116-123	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
16413198-10	2006	Serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and NF-kappaB activity in the liver were significantly lower in mice administered suramin.	Suramin	121-128	solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	6-9
16206165-6	2006	Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo administration of purinergic receptor antagonists suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid (PPADS) blocked the expression of HSP25 immunoreactivity in sustentacular cells.	Suramin	84-91	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	183-188
16411766-5	2006	Size-exclusion chromatography data reveal that suramin oligomerizes hFGF-1 to form a stable tetramer.	Suramin	47-54	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
16413198-10	2006	Serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and NF-kappaB activity in the liver were significantly lower in mice administered suramin.	Suramin	121-128	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	11-14
16411766-6	2006	Thermal unfolding experiments monitored by steady state fluorescence, and limited trypsin digestion analysis data suggest that suramin-induced oligomerization of hFGF-1 occurs in two steps.	Suramin	127-134	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	162-168
16413198-10	2006	Serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and NF-kappaB activity in the liver were significantly lower in mice administered suramin.	Suramin	121-128	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	16-25
16413198-10	2006	Serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and NF-kappaB activity in the liver were significantly lower in mice administered suramin.	Suramin	121-128	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	27-31
16413198-11	2006	In an in vitro model, suramin preincubation inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-6 production, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaB activity.	Suramin	22-29	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	54-63
16413198-11	2006	In an in vitro model, suramin preincubation inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-6 production, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaB activity.	Suramin	22-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	68-72
16413198-11	2006	In an in vitro model, suramin preincubation inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-6 production, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaB activity.	Suramin	22-29	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	85-94
16413198-11	2006	In an in vitro model, suramin preincubation inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-6 production, TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA expression, and NF-kappaB activity.	Suramin	22-29	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	99-103
16413198-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Suramin inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-6 production through the suppression of NF-kappaB activity from macrophages and shows therapeutic effects on acute liver damage.	Suramin	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	30-39
16413198-12	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Suramin inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-6 production through the suppression of NF-kappaB activity from macrophages and shows therapeutic effects on acute liver damage.	Suramin	13-20	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	44-48
16411766-8	2006	Two molecules of suramin appear to bind simultaneously to one molecule of hFGF-1.	Suramin	17-24	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	74-80
16411766-9	2006	Binding of suramin possibly involves formation of solvent-exposed nonpolar surfaces in hFGF-1.	Suramin	11-18	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
16299553-5	2006	2.--Pretreatment with the S1P(3) receptor antagonist suramin inhibits FTY720 and phospho-FTY720-induced Smad phosphorylation, whereas pertussis toxin pretreatment, which blocks G(i/0) proteins, has no effect on Smad phosphorylation.	Suramin	53-60	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	104-108
16299553-5	2006	2.--Pretreatment with the S1P(3) receptor antagonist suramin inhibits FTY720 and phospho-FTY720-induced Smad phosphorylation, whereas pertussis toxin pretreatment, which blocks G(i/0) proteins, has no effect on Smad phosphorylation.	Suramin	53-60	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
16698674-9	2006	In addition S1P(3)-inhibitor suramin inhibited DC migration in response to S1P.	Suramin	29-36	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22	Mus musculus	47-49
16086578-5	2005	We report the structure of suramin, in complex with the heparin-binding site of vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), which interacts with heparin in a geometrically similar manner to many FGFs.	Suramin	27-34	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	123-126
16250663-3	2005	Fluorine substitution of the methyl groups of suramin led to the first nanomolar P2Y(11) antagonist (8f, NF157, pK(i): 7.35).	Suramin	46-53	purinergic receptor P2Y11	Homo sapiens	81-88
16250909-10	2005	The non-selective P2 receptor antagonist suramin (10(-4) M) abolished currents evoked by ATP in SPA (n = 4) and LPA (n = 4), but pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonic acid (PPADS) (10(-4) M), also a non-selective P2 antagonist, had no effect (n = 4, 5 respectively).	Suramin	41-48	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
16250909-12	2005	Contractions of SPA evoked by ATP were partially inhibited by PPADS (n = 4) and abolished by suramin (n = 5).	Suramin	93-100	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
16056233-0	2005	Use-dependent inhibition of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor by the suramin analogue NF676.	Suramin	74-81	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	32-66
16056233-10	2005	Taken together, we conclude from these data that NF676 represents a novel lead compound as a potent use-dependent blocker of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor via an allosteric interaction with the suramin-binding site.	Suramin	203-210	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	129-163
16086578-6	2005	The larger than anticipated flexibility of suramin manifested in this structure, and other details of VCP-suramin interactions, might provide useful structural information for interpreting interactions of suramin with many proteins.	Suramin	106-113	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	102-105
16086578-6	2005	The larger than anticipated flexibility of suramin manifested in this structure, and other details of VCP-suramin interactions, might provide useful structural information for interpreting interactions of suramin with many proteins.	Suramin	106-113	valosin containing protein	Homo sapiens	102-105
15930183-12	2005	The tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor suramin and src kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibited both ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and VDR expression.	Suramin	39-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	91-98
15958210-4	2005	CEA amount of conditioned medium was changed by suramin and phenanthroline (activator and inhibitor of GPI-PLD) only in SW620 and SW837 which expressed both CEA and GPI-PLD mRNA.	Suramin	48-55	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
15958210-5	2005	Suramin treatment also augmented migratory activity and decreased cell surface CEA expression in SW620 and SW837.	Suramin	0-7	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
16701826-7	2005	The binding affinity of the peptide for VEGF(165) was ascertained by surface plasmon resonance and compared with the heparin mimic suramin; the peptide binds to VEGF(165) 100-fold stronger than the sulfonated compound.	Suramin	131-138	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	161-165
15856019-8	2005	Pretreatment of Galpha12WT-NIH3T3 cells with suramin (100 microM), a receptor-uncoupling agent, inhibited LPA-stimulated proliferation of these cells by 55% demonstrating the signal coupling between cell surface LPAR and Galpha12 in the neoplastic proliferation of NIH3T3 cells.	Suramin	45-52	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12	Mus musculus	16-26
15856019-8	2005	Pretreatment of Galpha12WT-NIH3T3 cells with suramin (100 microM), a receptor-uncoupling agent, inhibited LPA-stimulated proliferation of these cells by 55% demonstrating the signal coupling between cell surface LPAR and Galpha12 in the neoplastic proliferation of NIH3T3 cells.	Suramin	45-52	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12	Mus musculus	16-24
15833899-5	2005	Suramin stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream kinase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and Src, but not the EGF receptor.	Suramin	0-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
15833899-5	2005	Suramin stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream kinase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and Src, but not the EGF receptor.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	146-152
15833899-5	2005	Suramin stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream kinase of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and Src, but not the EGF receptor.	Suramin	0-7	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	159-162
15833899-7	2005	Furthermore, inactivation of PI3K with LY294002 [2-(4morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one] blocked suramin-induced RPTC outgrowth, scattering, and proliferation, whereas blockade of ERK1/2 had no effect.	Suramin	106-113	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	189-195
15833899-9	2005	Furthermore, suramin-induced outgrowth, scattering, and proliferation of RPTC are through Src-mediated activation of the PI3K pathway but not ERK1/2 or the EGF receptor.	Suramin	13-20	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	90-93
15930183-12	2005	The tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor suramin and src kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibited both ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and VDR expression.	Suramin	39-46	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	119-122
16025270-6	2005	Suramin, an antagonist with preference for P2Y2 receptors decreased both the ATP- and UTP-induced [Ca2+]i reactions.	Suramin	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Homo sapiens	43-47
15590895-6	2005	While matriptase activation can occur at different subcellular locations, both S1P- and suramin-induced matriptase accumulation form unique subcellular structures, termed activation foci, where oligomerization of matriptase zymogens and HAI-1 may occur, promoting matriptase activation.	Suramin	88-95	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1	Homo sapiens	237-242
16158305-0	2005	The novel suramin analogue NF864 selectively blocks P2X1 receptors in human platelets with potency in the low nanomolar range.	Suramin	10-17	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
16158305-3	2005	To date very few pharmacological means of selectively inhibiting platelet P2X1 receptors have been described, although recent work has shown that suramin is a useful lead compound for the development of high-affinity P2X1 antagonists.	Suramin	146-153	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	217-221
15231488-5	2004	Suramin and AR-C118925XX, a competitive P2Y2 receptor antagonist, inhibited adenosine 5"-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gammaS)-induced mucin secretion.	Suramin	0-7	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	133-138
15680468-9	2005	Extracellular ATP-induced increase in ANP release and negative inotropism were completely blocked by the pretreatment of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (P1 receptor antagonist), but not by pyridoxal phosphate-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid (P2X1 receptor antagonist) and suramin (P2XY receptor antagonist).	Suramin	277-284	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
15784502-5	2005	RESULTS: In both rat strains Suramin caused fetal growth retardation, decreased placental blood flow, and increased placental concentration of the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF(2alpha).	Suramin	29-36	placental growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
15362980-7	2005	NTPDase2 isoforms demonstrated similar sensitivity to inhibitors such as suramin and pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulphonic acid, and differential regulation by protein kinases.	Suramin	73-80	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
15780954-0	2005	Suramin interacts with RANK and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	23-27
15780954-0	2005	Suramin interacts with RANK and inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	41-46
15780954-2	2005	Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function and this study evaluated the ability of suramin, which has been shown to disrupt protein-protein interactions, to interfere with RANKL functional activity and binding to RANK.	Suramin	152-159	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	0-27
15780954-2	2005	Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function and this study evaluated the ability of suramin, which has been shown to disrupt protein-protein interactions, to interfere with RANKL functional activity and binding to RANK.	Suramin	152-159	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	29-33
15780954-2	2005	Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function and this study evaluated the ability of suramin, which has been shown to disrupt protein-protein interactions, to interfere with RANKL functional activity and binding to RANK.	Suramin	152-159	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	43-48
15780954-2	2005	Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function and this study evaluated the ability of suramin, which has been shown to disrupt protein-protein interactions, to interfere with RANKL functional activity and binding to RANK.	Suramin	152-159	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	241-246
15780954-2	2005	Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function and this study evaluated the ability of suramin, which has been shown to disrupt protein-protein interactions, to interfere with RANKL functional activity and binding to RANK.	Suramin	152-159	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	43-47
15780954-3	2005	Suramin inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption in a calvarial model and inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-stimulated murine spleen cells and RAW264.7 cells.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	112-117
15780954-4	2005	RANKL-induced second messenger signaling (AKT and p38 MAP Kinase phosphorylation) was completely blocked by 100 microM suramin.	Suramin	119-126	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	0-5
15780954-5	2005	The ability of RANKL to bind to recombinant human RANK-Fc (rhRANK-Fc) was reduced 50% by suramin in an in vitro binding assay.	Suramin	89-96	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	15-20
15780954-5	2005	The ability of RANKL to bind to recombinant human RANK-Fc (rhRANK-Fc) was reduced 50% by suramin in an in vitro binding assay.	Suramin	89-96	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	15-19
15780954-9	2005	In summary, these findings demonstrate that suramin inhibits sRANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and suggest that these effects are mediated by suramin binding to RANK and blocking the ability of sRANKL to induce second messenger signaling.	Suramin	44-51	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	62-66
15780954-9	2005	In summary, these findings demonstrate that suramin inhibits sRANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and suggest that these effects are mediated by suramin binding to RANK and blocking the ability of sRANKL to induce second messenger signaling.	Suramin	150-157	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator	Mus musculus	62-66
15647823-19	2005	Uptake was reduced by the known LRP1 inhibitors RAP, lactoferrin, and suramin, but not by LDL, which exclusively binds to the LDLR.	Suramin	70-77	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
15652174-3	2005	NTPDase inhibitors, 20 mM sodium fluoride, 0.2 mM trifluoperazine and 0.3 mM suramin, significantly decreased ATP and ADP hydrolysis (P&lt;0.05) and ADP hydrolysis was only inhibited by 0.5 mM orthovanadate (P&lt;0.05).	Suramin	77-84	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
15582581-5	2005	Over the same concentration range of the nucleotide that was effective for IL-6 synthesis, ATP caused an increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which increase was inhibited by pretreatment with suramin, a P2Y receptor antagonist, or 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor blocker, but not by the extracellular Ca(2+)-chelating agent EGTA.	Suramin	221-228	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	75-79
15582581-6	2005	The pretreatment of SaM-1 cells with suramin or 2-APB also inhibited the increase in IL-6 synthesis in response to ATP.	Suramin	37-44	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	85-89
15774218-4	2005	P2Y receptor agonists ATP and P2Y receptor antagonist suramin were used respectively to observe their effects on the activity of ERK1/2.	Suramin	54-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	129-135
15774218-8	2005	Suramin significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase by ATP.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	50-56
15774218-8	2005	Suramin significantly inhibited the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase by ATP.	Suramin	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
15610998-3	2005	HYPOTHESIS: Suramin can prevent scar tissue formation and improve muscle healing after injury because of its ability to antagonize transforming growth factor-beta1, a fibrotic cytokine.	Suramin	12-19	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	131-163
15610998-10	2005	RESULTS: Suramin decreased the stimulating effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on the growth of muscle-derived fibroblasts in vitro.	Suramin	9-16	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	53-85
15610998-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Suramin blocked the stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on muscle-derived fibroblasts in vitro.	Suramin	13-20	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	55-87
15328380-9	2005	Growth factor receptor antagonist suramin pretreatment inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced ERK activation, highlighting a role for growth factor receptors in this activation.	Suramin	34-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
15928663-9	2005	Urinary VEGF was affected by Suramin at doses above 50 mg ml(-1), corresponding to the estimated threshold of saturation of Suramin binding to urine albumin.	Suramin	29-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	8-12
15928663-9	2005	Urinary VEGF was affected by Suramin at doses above 50 mg ml(-1), corresponding to the estimated threshold of saturation of Suramin binding to urine albumin.	Suramin	124-131	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	8-12
15888248-7	2005	The increase in [Ca2+]i elicited by LTD4 (0.1 microM) and 2MeSATP (100 microM), agonists for CysLT- and P2Y1-receptors, was abolished by the respective antagonists, BAYu9773 (0.5 microM) and suramin (50 microM).	Suramin	191-198	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
15914193-0	2005	Biological inactivation and impaired detection of IL-10 by suramin.	Suramin	59-66	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	50-55
15914193-2	2005	This fact was dramatically illustrated in a series of experiments we conducted to analyze the effect of suramin on the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-10 (LPS-induced IL-10) production in human CD14+ monocytes.	Suramin	104-111	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	146-160
15914193-2	2005	This fact was dramatically illustrated in a series of experiments we conducted to analyze the effect of suramin on the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-10 (LPS-induced IL-10) production in human CD14+ monocytes.	Suramin	104-111	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	174-179
15914193-2	2005	This fact was dramatically illustrated in a series of experiments we conducted to analyze the effect of suramin on the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-10 (LPS-induced IL-10) production in human CD14+ monocytes.	Suramin	104-111	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	201-205
15914193-4	2005	The results with the Biosource ELISA reflected not only interference of the recognition of IL-10 in the presence of suramin, but also a block in the biological activity of IL-10.	Suramin	116-123	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	91-96
15914193-6	2005	Furthermore, suramin very efficiently neutralizes endogenous IL-10, resulting in a pronounced increase in IL-12 and TNF-alpha synthesis.	Suramin	13-20	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	61-66
15914193-6	2005	Furthermore, suramin very efficiently neutralizes endogenous IL-10, resulting in a pronounced increase in IL-12 and TNF-alpha synthesis.	Suramin	13-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-125
15914193-9	2005	All in all, our results show that suramin neutralizes the biological activity of IL-10 produced by monocytes.	Suramin	34-41	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	81-86
15895830-9	2005	The ERK activation and cell death caused by H2O2 was inhibited by antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and trolox), Ras inhibitor, and suramin.	Suramin	129-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
15840333-0	2005	[The inhibiting effects of suramin on bFGF induced proliferation of cultured human RPE cells].	Suramin	27-34	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
15840333-4	2005	In the 4 treatment groups, 31.25 microg/ml suramin with different concentrations of bFGF (1, 10, 100 and 500 ng/ml) were added to the medium.	Suramin	43-50	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
15840333-9	2005	Suramin showed an inhibitory effects on bFGF induced proliferation of RPE cells (F=6.73, P &lt; 0.01).	Suramin	0-7	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15840333-15	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Suramin can inhibit the bFGF induced proliferation of RPE cells.	Suramin	13-20	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
15466446-12	2004	6 Suramin, which is reported as a selective S1P3 receptor antagonist compared to the other S1P receptor subtypes, has no effect on the S1P-induced MAPK activation, thus excluding the involvement of S1P3 in this response.	Suramin	2-9	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3	Homo sapiens	44-48
15519044-7	2004	This was supported using suramin (ecto-ATPase inhibitor), which inhibited Acanthamoeba-induced host cell cytotoxicity.	Suramin	25-32	tripartite motif containing 33	Homo sapiens	34-38
15203120-0	2004	Suramin interaction with human alpha-thrombin: inhibitory effects and binding studies.	Suramin	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	37-45
15461564-2	2004	When apoptosis is induced with an antibody to APO-1, suramin is antiapoptotic in a variety of cell lines (e.g., Jurkat cells, HepG2).	Suramin	53-60	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	46-51
15203120-2	2004	Here we show that suramin binds to human alpha-thrombin inhibiting both the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate S-2238 (IC50 = 40 microM), and the thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting (IC50 = 20 microM).	Suramin	18-25	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	47-55
15203120-9	2004	Altogether our data suggest that part of the biological activities of suramin might be related to alpha-thrombin inhibition at extra-vascular sites.	Suramin	70-77	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	104-112
15212760-4	2004	LPA but not S1P induces calcium flux response in Th1 and Th2 cells, which is due to the influx of extracellular calcium and is mediated by receptor activation, since EGTA and suramin (SUR) completely abrogate LPA-induced the release of calcium.	Suramin	175-182	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	49-52
15350362-0	2004	Estrogen receptor-positive human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells respond to the antitumor drug suramin with increased proliferation: possible insight into ER and epidermal growth factor signaling interactions in ovarian cancer.	Suramin	98-105	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
15350362-0	2004	Estrogen receptor-positive human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells respond to the antitumor drug suramin with increased proliferation: possible insight into ER and epidermal growth factor signaling interactions in ovarian cancer.	Suramin	98-105	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	158-160
15350362-0	2004	Estrogen receptor-positive human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells respond to the antitumor drug suramin with increased proliferation: possible insight into ER and epidermal growth factor signaling interactions in ovarian cancer.	Suramin	98-105	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	165-188
15350362-8	2004	The proliferative response to suramin could be inhibited with EGFR antagonists.	Suramin	30-37	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
15350362-11	2004	Unexpectedly, the antineoplastic agent suramin increased growth of ER positive ovarian carcinoma cells in an EGFR-dependent manner.	Suramin	39-46	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	67-69
15350362-11	2004	Unexpectedly, the antineoplastic agent suramin increased growth of ER positive ovarian carcinoma cells in an EGFR-dependent manner.	Suramin	39-46	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	109-113
15378840-7	2004	Exposure of LM217 and MDA-MB-468 cells to suramin did not affect the level of Ku70 (G22P1) or Ku80 (XRCC5), but it increased the level of DNA-PKcs(PRKDC).	Suramin	42-49	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	138-146
15378840-7	2004	Exposure of LM217 and MDA-MB-468 cells to suramin did not affect the level of Ku70 (G22P1) or Ku80 (XRCC5), but it increased the level of DNA-PKcs(PRKDC).	Suramin	42-49	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
15192102-10	2004	Moreover, down-regulating the TGF-beta receptor type II by the siRNA technique or antagonizing the S1P(3) receptor subtype with suramin abrogates S1P-stimulated Smad phosphorylation.	Suramin	128-135	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	161-165
15203120-2	2004	Here we show that suramin binds to human alpha-thrombin inhibiting both the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate S-2238 (IC50 = 40 microM), and the thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting (IC50 = 20 microM).	Suramin	18-25	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	149-157
15203120-5	2004	Calorimetric studies revealed two distinct binding sites for suramin in alpha-thrombin.	Suramin	61-68	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	78-86
15203120-6	2004	In addition, circular dichroism studies showed that suramin causes significant changes in alpha-thrombin tertiary structure, without affecting the secondary structure content.	Suramin	52-59	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	96-104
15541015-5	2004	5 The S1P3 receptor antagonist suramin (100 microM) significantly inhibited responses to S1P and SPC in rats but not in mice, and did not affect noradrenaline responses in either species.	Suramin	31-38	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	6-9
15345308-5	2004	Competitive binding of sgp130-Fc, viral IL-6, and the inhibitory drug Suramin to gp130 has been demonstrated.	Suramin	70-77	interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer	Homo sapiens	24-29
15541015-8	2004	Responses to S1P and SPC differ between both species with regard to suramin-sensitivity indicating involvement of different receptor subtypes for lysosphingolipids in both species.	Suramin	68-75	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	13-16
15194822-7	2004	We also found that 10 microM ATP gamma S increased transcription of IL-6 approximately 40-fold within 2 h. This effect was abolished by blockade of P2Y receptors with 100 microM suramin.	Suramin	178-185	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-72
15266018-4	2004	Suramin, a polysulfonated napthylurea, displaced CaM in both the presence and the absence of Ca(2+).	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
15266018-5	2004	Suramin competed with CaM for binding to different peptides representing the previously identified CaM-binding sites on IP(3)R1.	Suramin	0-7	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
15266018-5	2004	Suramin competed with CaM for binding to different peptides representing the previously identified CaM-binding sites on IP(3)R1.	Suramin	0-7	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	120-127
15266018-6	2004	By interacting with the N-terminal Ca(2+)-independent CaM-binding site, suramin mimicked the functional effect of CaM and induced an allosteric but competitive inhibition of IP(3) binding.	Suramin	72-79	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
15266018-6	2004	By interacting with the N-terminal Ca(2+)-independent CaM-binding site, suramin mimicked the functional effect of CaM and induced an allosteric but competitive inhibition of IP(3) binding.	Suramin	72-79	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
15266018-7	2004	Therefore, suramin also potently inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) from permeabilized cells predominantly expressing IP(3)R1 (L15 fibroblasts) or IP(3)R3 (Lvec fibroblasts), even though the IP(3)R3 does not contain Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding sites.	Suramin	11-18	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	129-136
15266018-7	2004	Therefore, suramin also potently inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) from permeabilized cells predominantly expressing IP(3)R1 (L15 fibroblasts) or IP(3)R3 (Lvec fibroblasts), even though the IP(3)R3 does not contain Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding sites.	Suramin	11-18	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	158-165
15266018-7	2004	Therefore, suramin also potently inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) from permeabilized cells predominantly expressing IP(3)R1 (L15 fibroblasts) or IP(3)R3 (Lvec fibroblasts), even though the IP(3)R3 does not contain Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding sites.	Suramin	11-18	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	202-209
15266018-7	2004	Therefore, suramin also potently inhibited IP(3)-induced Ca(2+) release (IICR) from permeabilized cells predominantly expressing IP(3)R1 (L15 fibroblasts) or IP(3)R3 (Lvec fibroblasts), even though the IP(3)R3 does not contain Ca(2+)-dependent CaM-binding sites.	Suramin	11-18	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	244-247
15146177-6	2004	Suramin also shows similar effects in in vivo models: apoptotic liver damage induced by CD95 stimulation and endotoxic shock mediated by tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are inhibited in mice, but necrotic liver damage is not inhibited in a rat model of liver transplantation.	Suramin	0-7	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	88-92
15146177-6	2004	Suramin also shows similar effects in in vivo models: apoptotic liver damage induced by CD95 stimulation and endotoxic shock mediated by tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are inhibited in mice, but necrotic liver damage is not inhibited in a rat model of liver transplantation.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	137-158
15146177-6	2004	Suramin also shows similar effects in in vivo models: apoptotic liver damage induced by CD95 stimulation and endotoxic shock mediated by tumor-necrosis factor (TNF) are inhibited in mice, but necrotic liver damage is not inhibited in a rat model of liver transplantation.	Suramin	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	160-163
14734566-2	2004	It has previously been shown that suramin is a potent, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and Yersinia PTP (YopH).	Suramin	34-41	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
14734566-2	2004	It has previously been shown that suramin is a potent, reversible, and competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and Yersinia PTP (YopH).	Suramin	34-41	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	96-99
14734566-5	2004	We also found suramin to be a potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 1.5 microm) of Cdc25A, a phosphatase that mediates cell cycle progression and a potential target for cancer therapy.	Suramin	14-21	cell division cycle 25A	Homo sapiens	72-78
15023862-10	2004	The effect of BzATP on Akt phosphorylation in rat cortical astrocytes was significantly reduced by the P2X(7) receptor antagonist Brilliant Blue G and the P2X receptor antagonist iso-pyridoxal-5"-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2",4"-disulfonic acid, but was unaffected by trinitrophenyl-ATP, oxidized ATP, suramin and reactive blue 2.	Suramin	297-304	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
15072843-10	2004	Potential lead compounds among the suramin class for P2X(3) (16d) and P2Y(1) (16a) receptors were identified.	Suramin	35-42	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
15072843-10	2004	Potential lead compounds among the suramin class for P2X(3) (16d) and P2Y(1) (16a) receptors were identified.	Suramin	35-42	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
14685144-8	2003	Addition of either PSS or suramin reduced the opacification response induced by a cataractogenic dose of TGFbeta alone.	Suramin	26-33	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-112
15102954-2	2004	In this report, we examine the mechanisms underlying the complex changes to cardiac RyR channel function caused by suramin and the evidence that these changes result from an interaction with calmodulin (CaM) binding sites.	Suramin	115-122	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
14593092-7	2004	Furthermore, cAMP response element-binding protein, a transcription factor, was also activated by suramin in a MEK-dependent manner.	Suramin	98-105	dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Cricetulus griseus	111-114
14593092-11	2004	These results indicate that suramin induces mitogenic activity in several cell lines through the pathway from PI3K to MEK and ERK.	Suramin	28-35	dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Cricetulus griseus	118-121
14576166-6	2004	Conditioned medium from TGF-beta1-treated cells rapidly induces PKB/Akt activation in an SB203580- and suramin-sensitive manner, suggesting p38 MAPK-dependent production of a secreted growth factor that activates this pro-survival pathway by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.	Suramin	103-110	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-33
14576166-6	2004	Conditioned medium from TGF-beta1-treated cells rapidly induces PKB/Akt activation in an SB203580- and suramin-sensitive manner, suggesting p38 MAPK-dependent production of a secreted growth factor that activates this pro-survival pathway by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.	Suramin	103-110	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
14576166-6	2004	Conditioned medium from TGF-beta1-treated cells rapidly induces PKB/Akt activation in an SB203580- and suramin-sensitive manner, suggesting p38 MAPK-dependent production of a secreted growth factor that activates this pro-survival pathway by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.	Suramin	103-110	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
14692025-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to determine the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and objective response rates and the pharmacokinetics associated with a monthly x 3 one-hour infusion of suramin in 58 patients with hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.	Suramin	200-207	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	63-94
14692025-11	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Monthly bolus suramin was well tolerated, reduced PSA levels, and induced objective responses, even in patients who previously had received chemotherapy.	Suramin	27-34	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	63-66
15102954-0	2004	Functional regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor by suramin and calmodulin involves multiple binding sites.	Suramin	59-66	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	37-55
15102954-1	2004	Suramin and structurally related compounds increase not only the open probability (P(o)) of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels but also the single-channel conductance in a unique characteristic manner.	Suramin	0-7	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	92-110
15102954-1	2004	Suramin and structurally related compounds increase not only the open probability (P(o)) of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels but also the single-channel conductance in a unique characteristic manner.	Suramin	0-7	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	112-115
14625300-13	2004	The P2X2/P2X1 chimera and the P2X1 receptor possess virtually identical sensitivity to inhibition by the P2X1 receptor-selective antagonist NF279, a suramin analog.	Suramin	149-156	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
14625300-13	2004	The P2X2/P2X1 chimera and the P2X1 receptor possess virtually identical sensitivity to inhibition by the P2X1 receptor-selective antagonist NF279, a suramin analog.	Suramin	149-156	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
14625300-13	2004	The P2X2/P2X1 chimera and the P2X1 receptor possess virtually identical sensitivity to inhibition by the P2X1 receptor-selective antagonist NF279, a suramin analog.	Suramin	149-156	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	30-43
14625300-13	2004	The P2X2/P2X1 chimera and the P2X1 receptor possess virtually identical sensitivity to inhibition by the P2X1 receptor-selective antagonist NF279, a suramin analog.	Suramin	149-156	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	105-118
14623248-6	2003	Treatment of cells with high salt, protamine, heparin, or suramin released significant VEGF, suggesting that heparan sulfate proteoglycan might be sequestering some of the VEGF.	Suramin	58-65	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	87-91
14581177-11	2003	For rP2Y2, the potency order was suramin&gt;&gt;PPADS= RB-2&gt;TNP-ATP and suramin was a competitive antagonist (pA2, 5.40).	Suramin	33-40	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
14581177-11	2003	For rP2Y2, the potency order was suramin&gt;&gt;PPADS= RB-2&gt;TNP-ATP and suramin was a competitive antagonist (pA2, 5.40).	Suramin	75-82	purinergic receptor P2Y2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
14581177-12	2003	For rP2Y4, the order was RB-2&gt;&gt;suramin&gt;PPADS&gt; TNP-ATP and RB-2 was a competitive antagonist (pA2, 6.43).	Suramin	37-44	pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y4	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
14551290-7	2003	The effects of orexin A and B were abolished by their respective antibodies, but not by naloxone, and were attenuated by suramin and strychnine, the P2X purinergic and glycine receptor antagonists, respectively.	Suramin	121-128	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	15-23
14644513-11	2003	Suramin treatment inhibited in vivo growth in the REN intraperitoneal model shown grossly by necropsy of same day deaths comparing treatment and control animals.	Suramin	0-7	renin 1 structural	Mus musculus	50-53
14623248-6	2003	Treatment of cells with high salt, protamine, heparin, or suramin released significant VEGF, suggesting that heparan sulfate proteoglycan might be sequestering some of the VEGF.	Suramin	58-65	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	172-176