PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
2614276-8	1989	The other truncated apolipoprotein B Glu4034----Arg-Gln-Leu-Leu-Ala-Cys-TERM) is due to a single nucleotide (G) deletion in exon 29.	Alanine	64-67	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	20-36
2613692-6	1989	This H1d has an acetylated N-terminal serine, equimolar alanine or valine residue at 17, and is composed of 212 residues.	Alanine	56-63	H1.3 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	5-8
2533187-3	1989	The most effective of these materials is a random basic copolymer of alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and tyrosine, denoted COP 1.	Alanine	69-76	COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase	Homo sapiens	122-127
2559628-4	1989	In the present instance, the heptapeptide Dns-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val is used to assay angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Astacus protease, carboxypeptidase A, alpha-chymotrypsin, and trypsin, all of which cleave the peptide in accord with their known specificity: Trypsin and Astacus protease hydrolyze only the Lys-Tyr and Tyr-Ala bonds, respectively.	Alanine	58-61	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	91-120
2559628-4	1989	In the present instance, the heptapeptide Dns-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val is used to assay angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Astacus protease, carboxypeptidase A, alpha-chymotrypsin, and trypsin, all of which cleave the peptide in accord with their known specificity: Trypsin and Astacus protease hydrolyze only the Lys-Tyr and Tyr-Ala bonds, respectively.	Alanine	58-61	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	122-125
2808341-5	1989	Chromatography of intact biotinylated rIL-1 beta by C4 reverse phase HPLC resolved a protein modified exclusively at the N-terminal alanine from two proteins modified singly at either lysine 93 or lysine 94.	Alanine	132-139	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2695321-1	1989	To investigate glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) responses to alanine infusion in obesity and to assess the effect of body weight reduction with respect to hormonal balance, we compared six obese subjects with nine normal weight controls.	Alanine	61-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-47
2477372-12	1989	The mutually competitive binding of EGF and antibodies LA22, LA58, and LA90 implied that the amino acids between Ala-351 and Asp-364 participated in the formation of the EGF-binding site of the human EGF receptor.	Alanine	113-116	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	200-212
2695321-4	1989	Our obese subjects had an increase in IRG response to alanine, which was due to decreased suppression of alpha-cell function due to insulin resistance.	Alanine	54-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
2765563-8	1989	A synthetic peptide Lys-Thr-Gly-deoxyhypusine-His-Gly-His-Ala-Lys, the amino acid sequence of which corresponds to that surrounding hypusine in eukaryotic initiation factor 4D, was found to display competitive-type inhibition (Ki, 0.44 +/- 0.02 mM) against deoxyhypusine hydroxylase from Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Alanine	58-61	deoxyhypusine hydroxylase	Cricetulus griseus	257-282
2674939-1	1989	A Ca2+ binding site like an EF-hand motif was designed and created in human lysozyme by replacing both Gln-86 and Ala-92 with aspartic acids by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	114-117	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	76-84
2527238-9	1989	Similar inhibitions can be effected by WTVPTA (Trp-Thr-Val-Pro-Thr-Ala) and GAVSTA (Gly-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Ala) predicted from the rat and human fibronectin nucleotide sequences, respectively.	Alanine	67-70	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	142-153
2526124-5	1989	Substituting tyrosine (C28Y) or alanine (C28A) for the tryptophan residue lowered the affinity for calmodulin.	Alanine	32-39	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	99-109
2684266-1	1989	We observed recently that a single G3.U70 base pair in the amino acid acceptor stem of an Escherichia coli alanine tRNA is a major determinant for its identity.	Alanine	107-114	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	115-119
2684266-2	1989	Inspection of tRNA sequences shows that G3.U70 is unique to alanine in E. coli and is present in eucaryotic cytoplasmic alanine tRNAs.	Alanine	60-67	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	14-18
2684266-2	1989	Inspection of tRNA sequences shows that G3.U70 is unique to alanine in E. coli and is present in eucaryotic cytoplasmic alanine tRNAs.	Alanine	120-127	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	14-18
2684266-3	1989	We show here that single nucleotide changes of G3.U70 to A3.U70 or to G3.C70 eliminate in vitro aminoacylation of an insect and of a human alanine tRNA by the respective homologous synthetase.	Alanine	139-146	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	147-151
2684266-5	1989	In addition, while these eucaryotic tRNAs have nucleotide differences from E. coli alanine tRNA, they are heterologously charged only with alanine when expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	83-90	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	36-40
2684266-5	1989	In addition, while these eucaryotic tRNAs have nucleotide differences from E. coli alanine tRNA, they are heterologously charged only with alanine when expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	139-146	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	36-40
2553027-4	1989	Plasma alanine concentration was doubled by ACTH therapy.	Alanine	7-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	44-48
2500441-3	1989	Structural studies showed that both IGF-I forms were processed identically, resulting in 70-amino-acid long polypeptides, with intact N-terminal and C-terminal residues of glycine and alanine, respectively.	Alanine	184-191	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
2553027-9	1989	The dramatic rise in plasma alanine content coincident with ACTH therapy suggest that ACTH played a role in precipitating the catastrophic metabolic acidosis.	Alanine	28-35	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	86-90
2468712-5	1989	The conservative substitution in pork insulin (threonine to alanine) abrogated IgG binding by these sera.	Alanine	60-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
2764886-7	1989	The data also demonstrated that human type III procollagen has the same third base preference in codons for glycine, proline and alanine that was previously found with human and chick type I procollagen.	Alanine	129-136	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	184-202
2787749-0	1989	Tolerance and effectiveness of recombinant interleukin-2 (r-met Hu IL-2 [ala-125]) and lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with metastatic solid tumors.	Alanine	73-76	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	43-56
2695278-4	1989	Furthermore, the artificial beta-cell insulin therapy showed capable to restore the abnormalities in the blood profiles of alanine, glutamine and branched-chain amino acids, exceeding in some points the normal response.	Alanine	123-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
2587421-8	1989	Human PYY(1-36) differs from porcine PYY only at position 3, with Ile instead of Ala, and position 18, with Asn instead of Ser.	Alanine	81-84	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	6-9
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	102-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-32
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	102-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-65
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	102-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	106-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-32
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	106-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-65
2666066-2	1989	The structure of mini-proinsulin is similar to that of proinsulin with a shortened C-peptide, B(1-29)-Ala-Ala-Lys-A(1-21) insulin.	Alanine	106-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
2471267-1	1989	A strategy, called alanine-scanning mutagenesis, was used to identify specific side chains in human growth hormone (hGH) that strongly modulate binding to the hGH receptor cloned from human liver.	Alanine	19-26	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	100-114
2649176-5	1989	Two-dimensional peptide mapping and amino acid sequencing identified SP-1 and SP-2 as fragments of actin formed by cleavage on the N-terminal side of residues Thr-106 and Ala-114, respectively.	Alanine	171-174	Sp1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	69-82
2742828-5	1989	Medium- and long-range TRNOE"s were observed between the NH proton of Asp(7) and the C beta H protons of Ala(10) and between the ring protons of Phe(8) and the C gamma H protons of Val(12) and Val(15) in complexes of thrombin with both tF16 and tF17.	Alanine	105-108	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	217-225
2466458-4	1989	Among them, KW2228, in which Thr-1, Leu-3, Gly-4, Pro-5 and Cys-17 were respectively substituted with Ala, Thr, Tyr, Arg and Ser, showed more potent granulopoietic activity than that of intact hG-CSF both in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	102-105	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	29-34
2671746-8	1989	5) L-alanine was a potent stimulus for insulin secretion in diabetics, while no insulin release during glucose loading was observed.	Alanine	3-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
2671746-9	1989	6) The molar ratio of insulin levels (during glucose loading)/glucagon levels (during L-alanine loading) was a good indicator of systemic glucose homeostasis from the hormonal aspect.	Alanine	86-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
2784163-1	1989	Nineteen evaluable patients with advanced malignancy were treated with recombinant methionyl human interleukin-2 (Ala 125), 5 days per week by intravenous bolus.	Alanine	114-117	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	99-112
2605956-5	1989	Sequence analysis of L/B/K ALP cDNA isolated from one of the patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed a point mutation that converted amino acid 162 of mature L/B/K ALP from alanine to threonine.	Alanine	175-182	anosmin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	21-30
2915986-4	1989	A kinase-negative mutant EGFR (K721A), in which Lys-721 in the ATp binding site was replaced by an alanine residue, was shown to be phosphorylated in an EGF-dependent manner by an enzymatically active EGFR deletion mutant lacking two autophosphorylation sites.	Alanine	99-106	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
2909523-10	1989	In human PL (hPL), which has low growth-promoting activity, 35 of these 37 residues are conserved, while the other 2 residues in the GD1 domain (Arg-16 and Leu-20) are replaced by Gln and Ala, respectively.	Alanine	188-191	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	9-11
2605956-5	1989	Sequence analysis of L/B/K ALP cDNA isolated from one of the patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed a point mutation that converted amino acid 162 of mature L/B/K ALP from alanine to threonine.	Alanine	175-182	anosmin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	160-169
3263644-2	1988	Four structural analogs of the mature, 140 amino acid murine IL-3 molecule were synthesized in which specific cysteine residues were replaced by alanines.	Alanine	145-153	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	61-65
2552247-7	1989	The structure of frog alpha-MSH is thus identical to mammalian des-N alpha-acetyl alpha-MSH and differs from the sequence of toad (Xenopus laevis) alpha-MSH only by the first residue (Ser instead of Ala).	Alanine	199-202	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	22-31
3202875-4	1988	The differences between the structures of porcine and human PYY are at positions 3 (Ala/Ile replacement) and 18 (Ser/Asn).	Alanine	84-87	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	60-63
2462252-1	1988	Cop 1 is a synthetic basic random copolymer of L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, and L-tyrosine in a residue molar ratio of 6.0:1.9:4.7:1.0 and with a molecular weight of 21,000 which proved to be effective in specific suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and has been proposed as a candidate drug against multiple sclerosis.	Alanine	47-56	COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase	Homo sapiens	0-5
3053963-6	1988	The active site pocket residue positioned six residues before the active-site Ser184 is alanine in MCSP-1, threonine in MCSP-2, and serine in MCSP-3, indicating that both MCSP-2 and MCSP-3 may have chymotrypsin-like specificity.	Alanine	88-95	granzyme G	Mus musculus	99-105
3053963-8	1988	Amino acid comparison of MCSP-1 with four other reported serine proteases whose active site pocket residue is alanine revealed that MCSP-1 was substantially different from the other molecules, indicating that MCSP-1 may be a new member of mouse T cell serine protease family.	Alanine	110-117	granzyme G	Mus musculus	25-31
3179438-10	1988	Alanine-382, 12 residues from the reactive center, is a highly conserved amino acid in the family of serine protease inhibitors known as the serpins.	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	101-116
3179438-11	1988	We postulate that, as a result of the substitution of threonine for alanine in antithrombin-III-Hamilton, either the tertiary structure or the hydrophobicity of the thrombin-binding region is altered, causing aberrant conformation of the Arg-393-Ser-394 bond at the reactive center impairing the interaction between antithrombin-III-Hamilton and the activated serine proteases.	Alanine	68-75	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	83-91
2853161-4	1988	The result of isoelectric gel electrophoresis showed that the difference in isoelectric point (pI) was derived from acetylation of the N-terminal amino acid (alanine) in h-SOD.	Alanine	158-165	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
3263644-3	1988	In a quantitative IL-3 assay, based on [3H]thymidine incorporation into factor-dependent cells, the IL-3 analog with alanines substituted for all four cysteines--i.e., [Ala17,79,80,140]IL-3--had 1/500th as much activity as the molecule synthesized according to the native sequence.	Alanine	117-125	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	100-104
3263644-3	1988	In a quantitative IL-3 assay, based on [3H]thymidine incorporation into factor-dependent cells, the IL-3 analog with alanines substituted for all four cysteines--i.e., [Ala17,79,80,140]IL-3--had 1/500th as much activity as the molecule synthesized according to the native sequence.	Alanine	117-125	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	100-104
3263644-3	1988	In a quantitative IL-3 assay, based on [3H]thymidine incorporation into factor-dependent cells, the IL-3 analog with alanines substituted for all four cysteines--i.e., [Ala17,79,80,140]IL-3--had 1/500th as much activity as the molecule synthesized according to the native sequence.	Alanine	117-125	interleukin 3	Mus musculus	18-22
2461206-1	1988	Intravenous injection of recombinant interleukin-2 (r-Met-hu-IL-2(Ala-125] and LAK cells induced dramatic changes of lipoproteins in 12 patients with advanced cancer.	Alanine	66-69	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	37-50
2844821-7	1988	It is concluded that Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Ser-Pro-Trp-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Met-Val-His-Thr-Val-Ala- Thr- Phe-Asn-Ser-Ile-Lys, a 24-residue peptide which bridges repeats 11 and 12 of brain alpha spectrin contains the high affinity calmodulin binding domain.	Alanine	33-36	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	224-234
2844821-7	1988	It is concluded that Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Ser-Pro-Trp-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Met-Val-His-Thr-Val-Ala- Thr- Phe-Asn-Ser-Ile-Lys, a 24-residue peptide which bridges repeats 11 and 12 of brain alpha spectrin contains the high affinity calmodulin binding domain.	Alanine	57-60	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	224-234
2844821-7	1988	It is concluded that Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Ser-Pro-Trp-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Met-Val-His-Thr-Val-Ala- Thr- Phe-Asn-Ser-Ile-Lys, a 24-residue peptide which bridges repeats 11 and 12 of brain alpha spectrin contains the high affinity calmodulin binding domain.	Alanine	57-60	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	224-234
3049571-4	1988	The IBP (Cys-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Ser) binds specifically to insulin in a saturable manner with a Kd of 3 nM.	Alanine	25-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
2461206-1	1988	Intravenous injection of recombinant interleukin-2 (r-Met-hu-IL-2(Ala-125] and LAK cells induced dramatic changes of lipoproteins in 12 patients with advanced cancer.	Alanine	66-69	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
3417645-4	1988	We found that the alpha chain tetrapeptide, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), and the gamma chain peptide, Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (LGGAKQAG-DV), each inhibited fibrinogen binding to ADP-stimulated platelets with Ki values of 15.6 +/- 2.7 and 46.2 +/- 8.2 microM, respectively.	Alanine	109-112	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	167-177
3171350-7	1988	The cystic fibrosis AA protein represents a product of the SAA-specific cDNA clone now known to be the alpha-allelic form of SAA1 in which valine is present at position 52 and alanine is at position 57.	Alanine	176-183	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	125-129
2459697-2	1988	Replacement of Asp-116 in angiogenin by either asparagine (D116N), alanine (D116A), or histidine (D116H) markedly enhances both its ribonucleolytic activity and angiogenic potency.	Alanine	67-74	ribonuclease A family member k6	Gallus gallus	26-36
2845932-3	1988	Z-Tyr(I)-Ala-CHN2 (where Z represents benzyloxycarbonyl) reacts rapidly with cathepsin L and more slowly with cathepsin B, but does not inhibit calpain II.	Alanine	9-12	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
2853705-3	1988	Cytochrome c containing Ala-14 instead of conserved Cys-14, Gly-38 or Lys-38 instead of Arg-38, and Ser-84 instead of invariant Gly-84 were partly functional.	Alanine	24-27	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	0-12
3406746-5	1988	Further digestion removes a carboxyl-terminal fragment, including the pseudosubstrate sequence Ser484-Lys-Asp-Arg-Met-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Met- Ala-Arg-Arg-Lys-Trp-Gln-Lys-Thr-Gly-His-Ala-Val-Arg505 and results in a calmodulin-independent 61-kD fragment.	Alanine	135-138	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	207-217
2972276-7	1988	Using purified endopeptidase 24.11, we identified seven sites of hydrolysis in unlabelled alpha-hANP: the bonds Arg-4-Ser-5, Cys-7-Phe-8, Arg-11-Met-12, Arg-14-Ile-15, Gly-16-Ala-17, Gly-20-Leu-21 and Ser-25-Phe-26.	Alanine	175-178	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	96-100
2845932-3	1988	Z-Tyr(I)-Ala-CHN2 (where Z represents benzyloxycarbonyl) reacts rapidly with cathepsin L and more slowly with cathepsin B, but does not inhibit calpain II.	Alanine	9-12	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	77-88
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
2899418-9	1988	In the presence of 0.25 mM alanine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and A23187 decreased the ethanol-induced responses that occurred with the increase of flux of Ca2+.	Alanine	27-34	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	52-63
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	78-83
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
2851586-7	1988	As this fused protein had a Phe-Arg-Ala sequence at the junction of hIL-2 and BSF-2, it was possible to process mature BSF-2 from the fused BSF-2 by treatment with kallikrein and aminopeptidase P. From 1 liter of E. coli culture, 45 mg of mature BSF-2 was purified; it had a relative biological activity equal to that of natural BSF-2 purified from T cells.	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-124
3288503-1	1988	One or both of two putative N-glycosylation sites (at asparagine-5 and -75) of human renin was eliminated by amino acid replacement of the asparagine residue with an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	166-173	renin	Homo sapiens	85-90
2964446-9	1988	Thus synthesis and maturation of the alpha-chain of beta-hexosaminidase includes two major proteolytic cleavages: the first, between alanine 22 and leucine 23, removes the signal peptide to generate the precursor form, whereas the second occurs between the dibasic amino acids, lysine 86 and arginine 87.	Alanine	133-140	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	37-48
3380318-2	1988	This peptide, Ser-Ser-Trp-Ala-Val-Leu-Glu-Val-Ala, represents amino acids encoded by a nucleotide sequence complementary to the mRNA code of AVP.	Alanine	26-29	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	141-144
3365244-6	1988	The second route was identified with system ASC as it was inhibited by L-alanine, but not by MeAIB.	Alanine	71-80	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-47
3346064-3	1988	Replacement of the proline residue in position 7 with alanine reduced the pressor and vascular contractile response to less than 1% of Ang II.	Alanine	54-61	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	135-141
3046817-1	1988	The pancreatic effect of a hypoglycaemic fragment of human growth hormone containing the amino acid sequence Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala (hGH 6-13), was investigated.	Alanine	137-140	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	59-73
2829892-4	1988	Using this plasmid, each of the cysteine codons in IL-1 beta gene was changed to serine or alanine codon, or deleted.	Alanine	91-98	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	51-60
3280344-2	1988	It has been suggested that Ala-317 of human renin contributes to neutral optimum pH of the enzyme [(1984) FEBS Lett.	Alanine	27-30	renin	Homo sapiens	44-49
3280344-6	1988	This result suggests that Ala-317 of human renin plays an important role in the determination of optimum pH of the enzyme.	Alanine	26-29	renin	Homo sapiens	43-48
3258574-1	1988	The human recombinant alanine-125 analogue of interleukin-2 (IL-2) causes a dose-dependent mitogenic response in rat lymphoma Nb2-11C cloned cells when tested in serum-containing medium and serum-free medium.	Alanine	22-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	46-59
3123875-12	1988	This decrease in gluconeogenesis is not the result of decreased alanine flux, but due to intrinsic intrahepatic mechanism such as decreased deamination of alanine mediated by the predominant insulin effect or a decreased hepatic uptake of alanine.	Alanine	155-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
3123875-12	1988	This decrease in gluconeogenesis is not the result of decreased alanine flux, but due to intrinsic intrahepatic mechanism such as decreased deamination of alanine mediated by the predominant insulin effect or a decreased hepatic uptake of alanine.	Alanine	155-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
3258574-1	1988	The human recombinant alanine-125 analogue of interleukin-2 (IL-2) causes a dose-dependent mitogenic response in rat lymphoma Nb2-11C cloned cells when tested in serum-containing medium and serum-free medium.	Alanine	22-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
3066670-9	1988	Substituting an alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, or serine at residue 125 resulted in highly active molecules with CTLL activities similar to that of the natural recombinant IL-2.	Alanine	16-23	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
3121605-1	1988	Na+-dependent system ASC and Na+-independent system asc are characterized by a common selectivity for neutral amino acids of intermediate size such as L-alanine and by their interactions with dibasic amino acids.	Alanine	151-160	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	21-24
3121605-1	1988	Na+-dependent system ASC and Na+-independent system asc are characterized by a common selectivity for neutral amino acids of intermediate size such as L-alanine and by their interactions with dibasic amino acids.	Alanine	151-160	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	52-55
3066670-10	1988	The analogs with alanine and serine substitutions at residue 125 actually had slightly higher CTLL activities than the natural recombinant IL-2.	Alanine	17-24	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	139-143
3689116-4	1987	Forearm efflux of total amino acids more than doubled after intravenous TNF injection, principally because of increases in release of the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine and glutamine.	Alanine	164-171	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-75
2963329-8	1988	The hexapeptide Gly-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Ala predicted similarly from the nucleotide sequence of human FN was equally efficient in such inhibition.	Alanine	20-23	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	98-100
3689116-5	1987	Concomitantly, the arterial levels of alanine, glutamine, and total amino acids fell, indicating that TNF also stimulated the uptake of amino acids by other tissues.	Alanine	38-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-105
2830253-4	1987	The sequence of Ch1 has three substitutions from that of turkey muscle acylphosphatase; these are Ser from Ala at position 9, Ser from Arg at 47, and Lys from Asn at 83.	Alanine	107-110	SUN domain containing ossification factor	Gallus gallus	16-19
3306451-6	1987	Acetylcholinesterase more slowly cleaved the C-terminal alanine residue from the peptide to yield LWMRF.	Alanine	56-63	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-20
18644573-5	1987	Introduction of a single amino acid substitution (cysteine to alanine) at the putative active site of the 49K protease abolished processing, indicating that the protease was excised from the polyprotein via an autocatalytic mechanism.	Alanine	62-69	polyprotein	Tobacco etch virus	191-202
3619891-4	1987	The presence of Ala instead of Val as the 21st amino acid of the N-terminal domain indicates that the exon encodes nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA).	Alanine	16-19	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	115-148
3619891-4	1987	The presence of Ala instead of Val as the 21st amino acid of the N-terminal domain indicates that the exon encodes nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA).	Alanine	16-19	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	150-153
2435005-4	1987	Fragments of alanine tRNA synthetase were created by in vitro manipulations of the cloned alaS gene and examined for their interaction with alanine-specific tRNA.	Alanine	13-20	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
3116720-1	1987	High-affinity receptors for IL-2 (ala 125) were demonstrated in PHA-, antigen- and/or alloantigen-activated human T-cells (both proliferative and cytotoxic), in PWM-activated human B-cells and in human monocyte-macrophages.	Alanine	34-37	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
3116720-2	1987	Binding in PHA-blasts was irreversible and Ca++-independent, and labelled IL-2 (ala 125) bound at 4 degrees C could not be removed by trypsin treatment.	Alanine	80-83	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
3116720-5	1987	At 4 degrees C, 2.2 pM labelled IL-2 (ala 125) bound to PHA-blasts (3.6 X 10(6)/ml) with a half time of about 15 min, and the association rate constant was approximately 8 X 10(9) M-1 min-1.	Alanine	38-41	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
3116720-5	1987	At 4 degrees C, 2.2 pM labelled IL-2 (ala 125) bound to PHA-blasts (3.6 X 10(6)/ml) with a half time of about 15 min, and the association rate constant was approximately 8 X 10(9) M-1 min-1.	Alanine	38-41	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	184-189
3108067-6	1987	Teleost insulin did not alter the pattern of hepatic glycogen depletion, while it did increase glucose levels and serine flux to glucose, glycogen, and lipids, and alanine flux to CO2 and glucose.	Alanine	164-171	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
3305936-7	1987	Both proteases attack Ala-Leu and Tyr-Leu bonds in the B-chain of insulin.	Alanine	22-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
2949012-7	1987	Amino acid sequence analysis of rIL 1 beta showed that the native amino terminus, an ALA residue, was faithfully maintained.	Alanine	85-88	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
3551432-6	1987	A slight increment in alanine was seen in the group treated with insulin pump.	Alanine	22-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
2485059-5	1987	Several newer ACE inhibitors have increased potency and/or improved pharmacokinetic properties due to modifications such as substitution of the proline ring or replacement of the methyl side chain analogous to Ala by an aminobutyl residue analogous to Lys.	Alanine	210-213	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	14-17
2880111-1	1987	A deficiency of activity of the peroxisomal enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT,EC 2.6.1.44)has been found in the livers of six patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH), including three in whom the tissue was obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy.	Alanine	51-58	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	88-91
3755525-8	1986	Translation of the catalase mRNA appears to begin immediately upstream of the amino-terminal Ala residue of catalase.	Alanine	93-96	catalase	Homo sapiens	19-27
3025866-4	1987	We found that their src proteins have unusual NH2 termini: the rASV157 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 30 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ser-6 of the src sequence, while the rASV1702 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 45 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ala-76 of the src sequence.	Alanine	297-300	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	20-23
3025866-4	1987	We found that their src proteins have unusual NH2 termini: the rASV157 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 30 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ser-6 of the src sequence, while the rASV1702 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 45 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ala-76 of the src sequence.	Alanine	297-300	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
3025866-4	1987	We found that their src proteins have unusual NH2 termini: the rASV157 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 30 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ser-6 of the src sequence, while the rASV1702 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 45 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ala-76 of the src sequence.	Alanine	297-300	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
3025866-4	1987	We found that their src proteins have unusual NH2 termini: the rASV157 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 30 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ser-6 of the src sequence, while the rASV1702 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 45 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ala-76 of the src sequence.	Alanine	297-300	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
3025866-4	1987	We found that their src proteins have unusual NH2 termini: the rASV157 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 30 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ser-6 of the src sequence, while the rASV1702 src protein NH2 terminus consists of 45 amino acids of the env signal peptide attached to Ala-76 of the src sequence.	Alanine	297-300	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
3801458-3	1986	The effects of metal ion substitutions on the susceptibility of the p-nitroanilides of L-alanine, L-valine, and L-leucine--substrates that are hydrolyzed at widely differing rates by native Aeromonas aminopeptidase--were studied by determining values of kcat and Km for the 16 metalloenzymes that result from all possible combinations of Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ in each of the two sites.	Alanine	87-96	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	200-214
2948553-1	1986	LexA repressor of Escherichia coli and phage lambda repressor are inactivated in vivo and in vitro by specific cleavage of an Ala-Gly peptide bond in reactions requiring RecA protein.	Alanine	126-129	DNA repair system	Escherichia coli	0-4
3491089-4	1986	The interleukin-2 mutein utilized in this clinical trial (des-ala-ser125 r-IL-2) differs from the major species of the human T cell-derived lymphokine in that it lacks the N-terminal alanine of the native molecule, is not glycosylated, and possesses a serine-cysteine substitution at position 125.	Alanine	183-190	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	4-17
2947871-1	1986	Vasopressin antagonist analogs having alanine or glycine at position 7 were essentially equipotent with analogs with proline, N-methylalanine or sarcosine at position 7.	Alanine	38-45	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
2875083-0	1986	Role of insulin and glucagon in the response of glucose and alanine kinetics in burn-injured patients.	Alanine	60-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
3722187-6	1986	Comparison of our results with reported sequences establishes the COOH-terminal alanine to be residue 748 in the alpha-chain.	Alanine	80-87	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	113-124
20501118-4	1987	Among these different CCK derivatives, [?Ala(7)], [dMet(6)] and [dTrp(5)]CCK-8 were not hydrolyzed by enkephalinase: [dAla(d)]CCK-8 was rapidly cleaved by the enzyme.	Alanine	41-44	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	22-25
16665209-8	1987	Although photosynthetically inactive pools of malate, asparate, and alanine could mask real changes in levels of the photosynthetically active pools of these compounds, the apparent levels of these compounds and the total amount of intermediates in the C(4) cycle (malate, aspartate, pyruvate, PEP, and alanine) increased with increasing Ci.	Alanine	68-75	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	294-297
2944911-2	1986	Both insulin and IGF-I stimulate uptake of the nonmetabolized alanine analog alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in these cells.	Alanine	62-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
2944911-2	1986	Both insulin and IGF-I stimulate uptake of the nonmetabolized alanine analog alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in these cells.	Alanine	62-69	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
3766724-9	1986	The increase of the effect of alanine could not be explained only by changes in the activity of NAD+ malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase.	Alanine	30-37	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-152
3530612-5	1986	Alanine levels fell significantly below baseline in patients with myotonic dystrophy after 60 and 120 min of insulin infusion with all three rates of insulin infusion.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
3530612-5	1986	Alanine levels fell significantly below baseline in patients with myotonic dystrophy after 60 and 120 min of insulin infusion with all three rates of insulin infusion.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
2427364-4	1986	Two amino acid replacements between human and bovine alpha 2-macroglobulin were found at positions +3 (Val/Ala) and +4 (Leu/Arg) from the Glu moiety of the thioester.	Alanine	107-110	pregnancy zone protein	Bos taurus	53-74
3755525-8	1986	Translation of the catalase mRNA appears to begin immediately upstream of the amino-terminal Ala residue of catalase.	Alanine	93-96	catalase	Homo sapiens	108-116
3086996-4	1986	Visceral gluconeogenesis from amino acids appeared to decrease, since insulin infusion decreased the efflux of alanine from skeletal muscle with no change in its arterial level.	Alanine	111-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
3521730-4	1986	IB-1 and IB-6 contain an identical sequence of 54 residues except for an alanine in position 52 of IB-6, where IB-1 has proline.	Alanine	73-80	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
3518635-2	1986	The molecule was found to differ from human insulin at four positions, A8 (Ala), A10 (Val), A18 (His), and B30 (Ala).	Alanine	75-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
3518635-2	1986	The molecule was found to differ from human insulin at four positions, A8 (Ala), A10 (Val), A18 (His), and B30 (Ala).	Alanine	112-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
3521730-4	1986	IB-1 and IB-6 contain an identical sequence of 54 residues except for an alanine in position 52 of IB-6, where IB-1 has proline.	Alanine	73-80	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
2422209-6	1986	A rabbit antibody directed against a synthetic peptide (IR3-VI-2) derived from the glycine-alanine-rich region of EBNA-1 reacted with the 70,000-85,000-mol-wt EBNA-1 antigen in EBV-infected cells and with the 62,000-mol-wt molecule in RA synovial membrane extracts.	Alanine	91-98	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	114-120
3489566-7	1986	Pyruvate and alanine (1-3 X 10(-2) M) also inhibited the DNA synthesis in mixed-lymphocyte cultures on Day 5 by about 50%, but both substances had practically no effect on DNA synthesis in cultures that had been supplemented with an IL-2-containing EL-4 supernatant.	Alanine	13-20	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	233-237
2422209-5	1986	The structural basis for the cross-reactivity of the RA synovial membrane 62,000-mol-wt protein and the EBNA-1 antigen appears to reside in the glycine-alanine rich region of these molecules.	Alanine	152-159	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	104-110
2422209-6	1986	A rabbit antibody directed against a synthetic peptide (IR3-VI-2) derived from the glycine-alanine-rich region of EBNA-1 reacted with the 70,000-85,000-mol-wt EBNA-1 antigen in EBV-infected cells and with the 62,000-mol-wt molecule in RA synovial membrane extracts.	Alanine	91-98	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	159-165
3485976-1	1986	Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine.	Alanine	220-227	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	53-66
2422782-5	1986	These results indicate that fibrin protected plasmin from inactivation by alpha 2AP, leading to cleavage of Arg(42)-Ala(43) bond in beta-chain of fibrin which seems to be less susceptible to plasmin than the same bond in fibrinogen.	Alanine	116-119	serpin family F member 1	Sus scrofa	74-83
2874789-2	1986	Whereas hydrolysis of the ester substrate proceeds to completion, hydrolysis of the amide substrate is negligible because of the capacity of the K15 DD-peptidase for utilizing the released D-alanine in a transfer reaction (Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala + D-Ala----Ac2-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala + D-Ala) that maintains the concentration of the amide substrate at a constant level.	Alanine	235-238	adenylate cyclase 2	Homo sapiens	223-226
3485976-1	1986	Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine.	Alanine	220-227	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
3485976-1	1986	Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine.	Alanine	220-227	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
3485976-1	1986	Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine.	Alanine	220-227	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
3485976-1	1986	Escherichia coli harboring the gene coding for human interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced methionyl IL-2 (Met-IL-2) having an additional methionine residue at the amino terminus as well as IL-2 starting with the amino terminal alanine.	Alanine	220-227	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
3095672-4	1986	The results of the test of intravenous loading with glucose and alanine carried out in all children indicated indirectly reduced activity of pyruvate carboxylase.	Alanine	64-71	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	141-161
3005300-3	1986	The purified kinase exhibited a specific activity of 300 nmol/min/mg of protein at 30 degrees C using the synthetic peptide, Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly, as substrate in the presence of insulin.	Alanine	149-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	210-217
4055729-6	1985	The sequence determined for the flavin-peptide from sarcosine dehydrogenase contained 14 amino acid residues Leu-Thr-Ser-Gly-Thr-Thr-Trp-His(flavin)-Thr-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg.	Alanine	153-156	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	52-75
3017286-2	1986	lexA41 carried an additional mutation which changed amino acid 132 in the LexA protein from Ala to Thr.	Alanine	92-95	DNA repair system	Escherichia coli	74-78
3008017-3	1986	Ser.Leu.Thr.Ala.Gly-Ang II were all found to elicit drinking and raise blood pressure when given into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and elevate blood pressure when given intravenously.	Alanine	12-15	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	20-26
3908486-10	1985	These data indicate the presence of insulin-dependent suppression of leucine entry into the plasma compartment in man secondary to a reduction in proteolysis and the stimulation of alanine synthesis during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.	Alanine	181-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
4091848-1	1985	Evidence is presented that the hypoglycemic action of the human growth hormone fragment, Ile-Pro-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala (hGH 4-15) is due to the interaction of hGH 4-15 with plasma membrane resulting in a time- and temperature-dependent release of a cellular mediator which acts to increase insulin binding and hexose transport with consequent potentiation of insulin action.	Alanine	125-128	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	64-78
3935456-3	1985	During parenteral nutrition alanine turnover was significantly higher than in the post-abortive state (14.75 +/- 2.56 mumol kg-1 min-1 and 8.48 +/- 1.88 mumol kg-1 min-1, respectively; P less than 0.01, mean +/- s.d.).	Alanine	28-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	164-169
3894123-1	1985	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) induces plasma amino acid (AA) abnormalities, including low alanine and high branched-chain (BCAA).	Alanine	103-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3001041-5	1985	In addition, the contents of methionine, serine, glutamic acid and glutamine, and alanine were considerably different between Ch1 and Ch2.	Alanine	82-89	SUN domain containing ossification factor	Gallus gallus	126-129
2413012-6	1985	Initial studies revealed that [Ala 113] MBP (104-118) inhibited phosphorylation by the enzyme of the parent peptide and, to a lesser extent, the intact MBP(1-170).	Alanine	31-34	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	40-43
2413012-6	1985	Initial studies revealed that [Ala 113] MBP (104-118) inhibited phosphorylation by the enzyme of the parent peptide and, to a lesser extent, the intact MBP(1-170).	Alanine	31-34	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	152-155
2413012-7	1985	Serine 115 was the only site phosphorylated in the analog peptides [Ala 105] MBP (104-118) and [Ala 107]MBP (104-118).	Alanine	68-71	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	77-80
2413012-7	1985	Serine 115 was the only site phosphorylated in the analog peptides [Ala 105] MBP (104-118) and [Ala 107]MBP (104-118).	Alanine	96-99	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	104-107
3928376-13	1985	This ProLys-Ala/Ser bond is also susceptible to specific thrombin cleavage.	Alanine	12-15	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	57-65
3928376-14	1985	Four human lambda chain (KERN, NEI, NEW, VOR) and one mouse lambda chain (RPC20) were shown to be selectively cleaved by thrombin at these ProLys-Ala/Ser bonds.	Alanine	146-149	coagulation factor II	Mus musculus	121-129
2985590-4	1985	Our results and the results from the literature search suggest that the aminopeptidase cleaves amino-terminal methionine when it precedes residues of alanine, glycine, proline, serine, threonine, and valine but not when it precedes residues of arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, or methionine.	Alanine	150-157	aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-86
2991079-0	1985	Elevation of plasma glucose, alanine, and urea levels by mammalian ACTH in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).	Alanine	29-36	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	67-71
2991079-8	1985	Plasma alanine increased to levels that were approximately 60% greater than the control levels by 12 hr after ACTH treatment and returned to essentially the time-zero levels by 24 hr.	Alanine	7-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	110-114
2410271-4	1985	Proinsulin and des(Ala, Asp)-insulin compete for 125I-insulin binding with 4% and 2%, respectively, of the potency of insulin.	Alanine	19-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	29-36
2991884-5	1985	Replacement of the NH2-terminal glycine in p60src with either alanine or glutamic acid prevented myristoylation completely.	Alanine	62-69	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	43-49
3886659-8	1985	In the course of screening a yeast DNA bank for initiator tRNA clones we have isolated and sequenced three yeast tRNA genes corresponding to glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid tRNAs.	Alanine	150-157	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	58-62
3886659-8	1985	In the course of screening a yeast DNA bank for initiator tRNA clones we have isolated and sequenced three yeast tRNA genes corresponding to glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid tRNAs.	Alanine	150-157	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	113-117
4064562-8	1985	After glucose administration, alanine release was suppressed (in all subjects) from a mean value of 153 +/- 22 to 57 +/- 16 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of forearm (P less than 0.02) whereas that of glutamine was not significantly affected (160 +/- 30 to 143 +/- 29 nmol min-1 100 ml-1 of forearm).	Alanine	30-37	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-134
3886209-3	1985	After AVP infusion, plasma glucose rose from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to a peak of 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P less than 0.001), but no changes in blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glycerol or 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were observed.	Alanine	153-160	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	6-9
3977857-9	1985	These data implicate aspartate aminotransferase in the transfer of amino acid carbon and nitrogen from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and suggest that oxaloacetate, via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, can serve as an intermediate on the route of pyruvate formation for muscle alanine synthesis.	Alanine	281-288	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-47
3886476-8	1985	Insulin infusions resulted in severe, prolonged depressions of plasma glucose and alanine levels.	Alanine	82-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2983990-4	1985	Other tyrosine-containing polymers Ala/Glu/Lys/Tyr (6:2:5:1) and Glu/Ala/Tyr (6:3:1) were also phosphorylated by the insulin-stimulated kinase but to a lower extent.	Alanine	35-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
2983990-4	1985	Other tyrosine-containing polymers Ala/Glu/Lys/Tyr (6:2:5:1) and Glu/Ala/Tyr (6:3:1) were also phosphorylated by the insulin-stimulated kinase but to a lower extent.	Alanine	69-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
3977857-7	1985	In incubations of hemidiaphragms from 48 h-starved rats with 3mM-valine or 3mM-glutamate, the stimulation of alanine release was inhibited by 69% by 1 mM-aminomethoxybut-3-enoate, a selective inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase.	Alanine	109-116	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	205-231
3888492-1	1985	The two human insulins of clinical importance are (a) semisynthetic human insulin prepared from pork pancreas by enzymatically substituting threonine for alanine-the last amino acid in the beta chain-thereby transforming pork insulin in vitro to human insulin; and (b) biosynthetic human insulin synthesized biotechnologically in Escherichia coli-K12.	Alanine	154-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
3881207-7	1985	This defect in alanine synthesis may be due to a decreased availability of intracellular pyruvate caused by the insulin resistance that exists in these patients.	Alanine	15-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
3880655-8	1985	Increased alanine flux for gluconeogenesis is likely to reflect a basic metabolic abnormality in patients with cancer and could be explained on the basis of a resistance to insulin action in such patients.	Alanine	10-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
3893938-7	1985	The rate of release of alanine from porcine insulin depended on the type of threonine ester present; for example, Thr-OMe inhibited the reaction.	Alanine	23-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
3888492-1	1985	The two human insulins of clinical importance are (a) semisynthetic human insulin prepared from pork pancreas by enzymatically substituting threonine for alanine-the last amino acid in the beta chain-thereby transforming pork insulin in vitro to human insulin; and (b) biosynthetic human insulin synthesized biotechnologically in Escherichia coli-K12.	Alanine	154-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
3888492-1	1985	The two human insulins of clinical importance are (a) semisynthetic human insulin prepared from pork pancreas by enzymatically substituting threonine for alanine-the last amino acid in the beta chain-thereby transforming pork insulin in vitro to human insulin; and (b) biosynthetic human insulin synthesized biotechnologically in Escherichia coli-K12.	Alanine	154-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
3888492-1	1985	The two human insulins of clinical importance are (a) semisynthetic human insulin prepared from pork pancreas by enzymatically substituting threonine for alanine-the last amino acid in the beta chain-thereby transforming pork insulin in vitro to human insulin; and (b) biosynthetic human insulin synthesized biotechnologically in Escherichia coli-K12.	Alanine	154-161	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
6490627-10	1984	Amino acid composition and N-terminal analysis suggested the sequence of the flavin-peptide of sarcosine dehydrogenase was His(flavin)-(Ala, Gly,Thr)-Leu.	Alanine	136-139	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	95-118
4076525-6	1985	Aminopeptidase III preferred L-alanine derivatives as substrates.	Alanine	29-38	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
2993387-3	1985	The (Sp)-cAMPS-treated enzyme was more sensitive to inhibition by alanine and ATP and, under the same conditions, was less responsive to activation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate when assayed at a subsaturating phosphoenolpyruvate concentration.	Alanine	66-73	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
3884775-5	1985	Alanine significantly lowered the 3-hydroxybutyrate levels, especially after exercise (to 0.14 +/- 0.07 mmol/l at 12.00 h; P less than 0.05) despite reversed insulin: glucagon ratios.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
6496678-4	1984	The high-Km system was inhibited primarily by neutral amino acids with small or polar side chains (alanine, serine, threonine, and glycine), resembling the ASC system in its specificity.	Alanine	99-106	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	156-159
16663852-6	1984	On inhibiting glutamine synthetase using MSX, (15)N enrichment of glutamate, alanine, aspartate, and ornithine continued although labeling of glutamine was quite low.	Alanine	77-84	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	14-34
6540208-0	1984	Effects of VIP and forskolin on alanine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes.	Alanine	32-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
6091745-5	1984	The N-terminal quarter of the phosvitin sequence contains 16 serines grouped in a cluster with alanines and threonines and coded mainly by TCX triplets.	Alanine	95-103	Casein kinase II subunit beta	Gallus gallus	30-39
6540208-2	1984	VIP and 17 microM forskolin stimulated glucose production, gluconeogenesis from alanine, and ureagenesis, and inhibited glyconeogenesis to comparable degrees.	Alanine	80-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
6540208-5	1984	In addition to demonstrating modulation of alanine metabolism by VIP and forskolin, these results raise questions about the nature of the coupling between VIP receptor occupancy and metabolic response.	Alanine	43-50	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
16829431-0	1984	The relationship between gluconeogenesis from alanine and insulin, glucagon, cortisol and catecholamines after stomach resection.	Alanine	46-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
6657112-2	1983	Biochemically it is characterised by over-production of hepatic ALA synthetase (ALA-s), inducible mitochondrial enzyme and an increase in prophyrinic precursors (PBG, ac S-ALA).	Alanine	64-67	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
6696746-2	1984	The amino acid composition of this new species of tropoelastin is elastin-like in its high proportion of proline, glycine, alanine and valine.	Alanine	123-130	elastin	Gallus gallus	50-62
6395878-3	1984	Diagnosis of hyperinsulinism (HI) was made in a single blood sample by showing inappropriate plasma insulin levels (23 +/- 3 mU/l) for glycaemia (1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l), with low blood ketone body, lactate, alanine and glycerol levels.	Alanine	204-211	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6749882-2	1982	We have synthesized the 12 amino acid C-peptide region of IGF-I (Gly-Tyr-Gly-Ser-Ser-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Pro-Glu-Thr) and developed a RIA based on antibodies against this synthetic peptide.	Alanine	97-100	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
6133871-8	1983	Partial microsequencing data indicates that the cleavage occurs between the glycine and alanine at positions 24 and 25 of pre-prosomatostatin.	Alanine	88-95	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	126-141
6297210-5	1983	4) The 8 alanine octapeptide analogues were better inhibitors of both AII and AIII stimulation than the 8 alanine heptapeptide analogue.	Alanine	9-16	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	70-73
6861476-4	1983	Fructose-1,6-biphosphate and alanine act as allosteric modulators of pyruvate kinase in haematopoietic cells, while in erythrocytes although fructose-1,6-biphosphate exerts also allosteric effect, alanine appears to be a competitive inhibitor.	Alanine	29-36	pyruvate kinase PKM	Oncorhynchus mykiss	69-84
6861476-4	1983	Fructose-1,6-biphosphate and alanine act as allosteric modulators of pyruvate kinase in haematopoietic cells, while in erythrocytes although fructose-1,6-biphosphate exerts also allosteric effect, alanine appears to be a competitive inhibitor.	Alanine	197-204	pyruvate kinase PKM	Oncorhynchus mykiss	69-84
6424106-7	1983	Aminopeptidase II2 preferred L-alanine-beta-naphthylamide and p-nitroanilide as substrates.	Alanine	29-38	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
6306055-3	1983	This stimulation was dependent upon the concentration of parathyroid hormone added: At 10(5) ng/ml parathyroid hormone increased alanine release 84% and glutamine release 75%.	Alanine	129-136	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	57-76
6306055-3	1983	This stimulation was dependent upon the concentration of parathyroid hormone added: At 10(5) ng/ml parathyroid hormone increased alanine release 84% and glutamine release 75%.	Alanine	129-136	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	99-118
6306055-11	1983	In the absence of parathyroid hormone, detectable inhibition of alanine and glutamine release was produced by 10(-9) M epinephrine, whereas in the presence of parathyroid hormone (1,000 ng/ml) inhibition of alanine and glutamine release required 10(-6) M or greater epinephrine.	Alanine	64-71	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	18-37
6306055-11	1983	In the absence of parathyroid hormone, detectable inhibition of alanine and glutamine release was produced by 10(-9) M epinephrine, whereas in the presence of parathyroid hormone (1,000 ng/ml) inhibition of alanine and glutamine release required 10(-6) M or greater epinephrine.	Alanine	207-214	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	159-178
6101263-1	1983	The protein kinase associated with the purified epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor from membrane (Mr = 150,000) or vesicle (Mr = 170,000) preparations of A-431 cells was shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of the peptide Leu-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly at the tyrosine residue.	Alanine	239-242	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	48-86
6101263-1	1983	The protein kinase associated with the purified epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor from membrane (Mr = 150,000) or vesicle (Mr = 170,000) preparations of A-431 cells was shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of the peptide Leu-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly at the tyrosine residue.	Alanine	251-254	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	48-86
6101263-1	1983	The protein kinase associated with the purified epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor from membrane (Mr = 150,000) or vesicle (Mr = 170,000) preparations of A-431 cells was shown to catalyze the phosphorylation of the peptide Leu-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Arg-Gly at the tyrosine residue.	Alanine	251-254	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	48-86
6341118-1	1983	A synthetic amino-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (hGH) containing the sequence H2N-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asp-Asn-Ala-COOH (hGH 6-13) was shown to increase [125I]iodoinsulin binding to rat hepatic receptors in vivo.	Alanine	122-125	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	45-59
6349271-3	1983	Novo Research Institute has developed a method, simply using an enzymatic conversion reaction to substitute the B30 alanine of porcine insulin with threonine to manufacture human insulin.	Alanine	116-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
6349271-3	1983	Novo Research Institute has developed a method, simply using an enzymatic conversion reaction to substitute the B30 alanine of porcine insulin with threonine to manufacture human insulin.	Alanine	116-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
6815417-10	1982	When insulin was given with glucose to maintain normoglycemia, the rate of alanine synthesis was unchanged.	Alanine	75-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
6809740-5	1982	At amino acid concentrations approaching those present in human plasma, System ASC appeared to be the primary mediation for the inward transport of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine in human fibroblasts.	Alanine	148-157	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	79-82
6816278-0	1982	Unidirectional uptake of L-alanine and L-serine by system ASC in the basolateral membrane of cat salivary epithelium.	Alanine	25-34	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	58-61
6816218-3	1982	The N-terminal amino acid sequence of rabbit serum transferrin is: Val-Thr-Glu-Lys-Thr-Val-Asn-Trp-?-Ala-Val-Ser.	Alanine	101-104	transferrin	Homo sapiens	51-62
6292218-8	1982	Although substitution in sequence position one, of serine in human PTH(1-34) for alanine in bPTH(1-34), reduced activity in the adenylate cyclase assay, inhibition of 125I-bPTH(1-84) binding by both peptides and by an analogue of bPTH(3-34) was equivalent, consistent with a minimal contribution of the first 2 residues for receptor binding of the NH2-terminal region of PTH.	Alanine	81-88	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	93-96
6217586-7	1982	The presence of Ala, in addition to Gly and Tyr in the fibrin clot and its supernatant, showed that a part of fibrinogen molecules was not clotted, i.e. either copolymerised with fibrin or remaining in solutions.	Alanine	16-19	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	110-120
6814169-0	1982	Effect of intravenous alanine on blood glucose, glucagon and growth hormone levels in diabetic children.	Alanine	22-29	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	61-75
6284284-7	1982	One is based on the ability of MPO, but not EPO, to catalyze decarboxylation of L-alanine in the presence of Triton X-100, and the other relies on the different spectral properties of the two peroxidases.	Alanine	80-89	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	31-34
7067697-7	1982	A complete series of analogous ([Alan]des Arg9-bradykinin, with n = 1, 2...8) was then investigated by circular dichroism and 1H-NMR spectroscopy in order to study the conformational role played by each residue and to delineate the local and the long-range effects on conformation brought about by the Xaa leads to Ala substitutions.	Alanine	33-36	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	47-57
6284735-5	1982	On the other hand, the replacement of 2 Pro for the Ala and Val flanking Thr(32P), to give a new phosphohexapeptide reproducing the phosphorylated site of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1, prevents the protein phosphatase-T activity.	Alanine	52-55	protein phosphatase 5, catalytic subunit	Rattus norvegicus	201-222
7138497-4	1982	Erythrocytes from sheep homozygous for the TrH gene exhibit rapid saturable L-alanine influx (apparent Km, 21.6 mM; Vmax, 22.4 mmol/liter cells/hr.).	Alanine	76-85	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone	Ovis aries	43-46
7138497-5	1982	Cells from sheep homozygous for the Trh gene exhibit slow nonsaturable L-alanine uptake (0.55 mmol/liter cells/hr at 50mM extracellular L-alanine).	Alanine	71-80	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone	Ovis aries	36-39
7138497-5	1982	Cells from sheep homozygous for the Trh gene exhibit slow nonsaturable L-alanine uptake (0.55 mmol/liter cells/hr at 50mM extracellular L-alanine).	Alanine	136-145	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thyrotropin-releasing hormone	Ovis aries	36-39
6814169-4	1982	Alanine failed to cause a further increase in the plasma glucagon level and had no glycaemic effect, but induced a consistent rise in plasma growth hormone.	Alanine	0-7	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	141-155
6117857-2	1981	In intact islets, BCH increased the islet content or output of NH4+, 2-ketoglutarate, malate, pyruvate, and alanine.	Alanine	108-115	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	18-21
6276298-5	1981	Human neutrophils and the MPO system were about 10 times more efficient in decarboxylating alanine than methionine.	Alanine	91-98	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	26-29
7338518-5	1981	On comparing its amino acid sequence with that of bovine calmodulin, three amino acid substitutions were found at positions 99(Tyr leads to Phe), 143(Gln leads to Thr), and 147(Ala leads to Ser).	Alanine	177-180	calmodulin	Bos taurus	57-67
6268663-9	1981	(saralasin [Sar](1); alanine [Ala](8))-Angiotensin II inhibited the actions of beta-lipotropin and beta-melanotropin as well as angiotensin II.	Alanine	30-33	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
6268663-9	1981	(saralasin [Sar](1); alanine [Ala](8))-Angiotensin II inhibited the actions of beta-lipotropin and beta-melanotropin as well as angiotensin II.	Alanine	30-33	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	128-142
6787388-6	1981	min-1 with a rise in alanine concentration from 0.96 +/- 0.17 mgatC .	Alanine	21-28	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
7021995-7	1981	The secretion of insulin and also the secretion of glucagon were stimulated by the increased alanine levels.	Alanine	93-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
7021995-11	1981	The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases.	Alanine	84-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
7021995-11	1981	The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases.	Alanine	84-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
7021995-11	1981	The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases.	Alanine	133-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
7021995-11	1981	The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases.	Alanine	133-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
6787388-10	1981	min-1 with a lowering of alanine concentration to 1.44 +/- 0.22 mgatC .	Alanine	25-32	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-5
7011722-2	1981	It differs from pork insulin in one carboxy-terminal amino acid of the B-chain, where alanine substitutes for threonine.	Alanine	86-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
7006399-0	1981	Effect of endogenous insulin release on fetal alanine concentration and uptake.	Alanine	46-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
7009290-6	1981	There was a close positive correlation between mean blood alanine and mean blood glucose (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01), and a negative correlation of alanine with the amount of insulin infused (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01).	Alanine	149-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	176-183
7006399-9	1981	When only insulin responses of less than 150 microU/ml were considered, however, a significant (p < 0.02) fall in alanine uptake was noted.	Alanine	117-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
7006399-11	1981	Although limited, data from these latter experiments suggested an increase in fetal alanine uptake at these higher insulin concentrations.	Alanine	84-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
7006732-5	1981	Similar increases in blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate an insulin occurred in both septic and control patients after alanine infusion.	Alanine	134-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
7006399-14	1981	A differential effect of high versus low insulin responses upon fetal alanine uptake is also suggested.	Alanine	70-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
6787107-0	1981	The effect of alrestatin on alanine-stimulated release of insulin and glucagon in man.	Alanine	28-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
6787107-3	1981	There was a significant suppression of both the mean basal insulin level and the mean insulin response to alanine in the group pretreated with alrestatin as compared to the placebo group (p less than 0.05 at 0 and 60 min).	Alanine	106-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
6273786-0	1981	[Polymorphism of hemoglobins D in Ivory Coast: Hb Korle Bu (beta 73 (E17) Asp leads to Asn), Hb Avicenna (beta 47 (CD6) Asp leads to Ala) and Hb Cocody (beta 21 (B3) Asp leads to Asn) (author"s transl)].	Alanine	133-136	CD6 molecule	Homo sapiens	115-118
6273786-4	1981	The second, Hb Avicenna (beta 47 (CD6) Asp leads to Ala) (pI = 7.225) has not yet been reported in Africa.	Alanine	52-55	CD6 molecule	Homo sapiens	34-37
7426656-2	1980	One system (ASC system) catalysed the Na+-dependent exchange of small neutral amino acids, such as alanine, serine and cysteine.	Alanine	99-106	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	12-15
6108035-6	1980	The plasma alanine levels were similar and decreased following insulin administration irrespective of type of treatment.	Alanine	11-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
16661521-2	1980	These two enzyme activities could account for the early absence of asparagine and aspartate from the fluid secreted by the seedcoats into the embryo sac.CHANGES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF ALANINE: alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2), and glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.13) have also been measured, in cotyledons as well as seedcoats.	Alanine	182-189	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	280-300
6107270-2	1980	Somatostatin (SRIF, somatotropin release inhibiting factor), at a concentration of 2 x 10(-8) M (32 ng/ml) decreased the rat of alanine release (approximately 45%) and increased glutamine release (approximately 30%) in in vitro preprations of m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from 35--40 day old Wistar rats.	Alanine	128-135	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
6997676-0	1980	Effects of insulin at two dose levels on gluconeogenesis from alanine in fasting man.	Alanine	62-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
6997676-1	1980	We have determined the effect of insulin infused at 1 and 5 mU/kg/min on gluconeogenesis from alanine in 48-hr fasted men.	Alanine	94-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
6997676-7	1980	These data demonstrate that in 48-hr fasted man, (1) a small increment in insulin concentration will suppress glucose production but mostly by diverting the newly formed glucose into glycogen; (2) at higher concentrations, insulin will inhibit glucose production mainly by suppressing glucoeogenesis; and (3) this insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis is due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine.	Alanine	448-455	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
6997676-7	1980	These data demonstrate that in 48-hr fasted man, (1) a small increment in insulin concentration will suppress glucose production but mostly by diverting the newly formed glucose into glycogen; (2) at higher concentrations, insulin will inhibit glucose production mainly by suppressing glucoeogenesis; and (3) this insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis is due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine.	Alanine	448-455	insulin	Homo sapiens	223-230
6997676-7	1980	These data demonstrate that in 48-hr fasted man, (1) a small increment in insulin concentration will suppress glucose production but mostly by diverting the newly formed glucose into glycogen; (2) at higher concentrations, insulin will inhibit glucose production mainly by suppressing glucoeogenesis; and (3) this insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis is due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine.	Alanine	448-455	insulin	Homo sapiens	223-230
7471642-12	1980	Plasma concentrations of insulin ranged from very low to very high and appeared to depend on the concentrations of both glucose and alanine.	Alanine	132-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
6991248-7	1980	Equilibrium chicken insulin-binding experiments yielded curvilinear Scatchard functions, consistent with binding to both high affinity, low capacity and low affinity, high capacity receptor sites at 24 C. Insulin-stimulated transport of the model amino acid [14C]meAIB (a specific alanine-preferring system substrate) paralleled the expected occupancy of the low affinity receptors.	Alanine	281-288	insulin	Gallus gallus	20-27
6991248-7	1980	Equilibrium chicken insulin-binding experiments yielded curvilinear Scatchard functions, consistent with binding to both high affinity, low capacity and low affinity, high capacity receptor sites at 24 C. Insulin-stimulated transport of the model amino acid [14C]meAIB (a specific alanine-preferring system substrate) paralleled the expected occupancy of the low affinity receptors.	Alanine	281-288	insulin	Gallus gallus	205-212
114209-14	1979	Positions 10 (aspartic acid), 68 (alanine), and 82 (leucine) in the Dob sequence are also atypical.	Alanine	34-41	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta	Homo sapiens	68-71
6997877-10	1980	The active-site residues typical of the serine proteases, histidine-57 and serine-195, are replaced in haptoglobin by lysine and alanine, respectively; however, aspartic acid-102 and the trypsin specificity, residue, aspartic acid-189, do occur in haptoglobin.	Alanine	129-136	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	103-114
7356668-9	1980	The inward transport of L-alanine was trans-inhibited by internal Site A-reactive amino acids and trans-stimulated by preaccumulated L-alanine exchanging with the external amino acid through the operation of System ASC.	Alanine	133-142	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	215-218
119646-4	1979	Free insulin and lactate or alanine were positively correlated in the C-peptide secreting group.	Alanine	28-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-79
573302-0	1979	Role of L-alanine in the response of human lymphocytes to PHA and Con A.	Alanine	8-17	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	58-61
573302-7	1979	This impaired allogeneic response of UCBL in the presence of DHP was restored by addition of L-alanine.	Alanine	93-102	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	61-64
7356668-9	1980	The inward transport of L-alanine was trans-inhibited by internal Site A-reactive amino acids and trans-stimulated by preaccumulated L-alanine exchanging with the external amino acid through the operation of System ASC.	Alanine	24-33	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	215-218
522644-10	1979	Alanine rose progressively during CE and IE, but was significantly higher during IE (442.2 +/- 29.3 vs. 367.9 +/- 30.9 muM).	Alanine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	119-122
480232-0	1979	Insulin-sensitive transport of alanine across the blood-retinal barrier [proceedings].	Alanine	31-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
490564-1	1979	Analogues of the type [1-sarcosine,7-sarcosine, 8-X]angiotensin II, where X = isoleucine, leucine, alanine, methionine, O-methylthreonine, or DL-alloisoleucine, were synthesized by the solid-phase method and purified by partition chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography.	Alanine	99-106	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	52-66
573136-1	1979	Previously it has been shown that the binding of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 to lipid-water interfaces is governed by the pK of the alpha-NH3+ group of the N-terminal alanine.	Alanine	175-182	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	68-84
34614-7	1979	Tryptic digestion is also retarded by some of the feedback inhibitors of glutamine synthetase including CTP, L-alanine, L-serine, L-histidine, and glucosamine 6-phosphate.	Alanine	109-118	AT695_RS11110	Staphylococcus aureus	73-93
463677-8	1979	After injection of alanine, plasma insulin rose to a lesser extent and glucagon to a greater extent in the elderly than in young adults.	Alanine	19-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
747659-4	1978	Vasopressin and angiotensin also stimulated gluconeogenesis from alanine, pyruvate, serine and glycerol.	Alanine	65-72	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
758722-8	1979	These results show that in SGA infants primed with H, the rise of plasma glucose concentration after L-alanine administration is observed with low plasma insulin levels and without stimulation of glucagon secretion.	Alanine	101-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	154-161
43840-6	1979	In aqueous ethanol the X-Asc-Y-NH2 (X, Pro, Leu; Y, Gly, Ala, Val, Phg, Phe) containing N-terminal proline are more readily transformed to piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives, but compared to simple proline dipeptides the rate of this transformation is relatively slow because of the crowdedness of the tricyclic transitional state.	Alanine	57-60	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	25-28
629953-3	1978	For the trans isomers in Me2SO-d6, there is a hydrogen bond between the Gly CO group and one of the C-terminal primary amide hydrogens, and a beta turn involving the Gly-Pro-Ala-NH, section of the molecules.	Alanine	174-177	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	140-146
569499-2	1978	Alanine-neochymotrypsinogen was prepared by incubating 20 parts bovine pancreas chymotrypsinogen A with one part alpha-chymotrypsin in a solution containing 1 M (NH4)2SO4, 0.1 M sodium acetate, 0.05 M Tris buffer (pH 8.0) and 0.5 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor.	Alanine	0-7	kunitz trypsin protease inhibitor	Glycine max	244-261
670400-5	1978	Basal plasma alanine concentrations were lower (P <0.01) in patients with classical MSUD (153+/-8 muM vs. 495+/-27 muM in controls).	Alanine	13-20	latexin	Homo sapiens	101-104
670400-5	1978	Basal plasma alanine concentrations were lower (P <0.01) in patients with classical MSUD (153+/-8 muM vs. 495+/-27 muM in controls).	Alanine	13-20	latexin	Homo sapiens	118-121
291382-18	1978	Amino termini of the fibrinogen moiety of cryofibrinogen were found to consist of alanine, tyrosine, and a small quantity of aspartic acid, consistent with the NH2 terminal moiety composition of normal fibrinogen but not of soluble fibrin monomer complex.	Alanine	82-89	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	21-31
77016-7	1978	The sequence of the first 26 NH2-terminal amino acids in NCA was identical to that of CEA except at position 21, where alanine was found in NCA instead of valine in CEA.	Alanine	119-126	CEA cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
77016-7	1978	The sequence of the first 26 NH2-terminal amino acids in NCA was identical to that of CEA except at position 21, where alanine was found in NCA instead of valine in CEA.	Alanine	119-126	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
77016-7	1978	The sequence of the first 26 NH2-terminal amino acids in NCA was identical to that of CEA except at position 21, where alanine was found in NCA instead of valine in CEA.	Alanine	119-126	CEA cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	140-143
28321-6	1978	The rate of hydrolysis increased when phenylalanine in the N-protected dipeptide was replaced with alanine, valine, or leucine or when the octapeptide angiotensin II or the heptapeptide angiotensin III were the substrates.	Alanine	44-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	151-165
659634-12	1978	In nondiabetic azotemic subjects, mean fasting glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels were increased 24.3% (P = 0.005) and 130% (P = 0.046), respectively.These results in patients with chronic renal failure demonstrate (a) increased glucose production and utilization, (b) increased gluconeogenesis from alanine, (c) increased alanine production and utilization, and (d) a relative impairment to glucose disposal.	Alanine	307-314	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
659634-12	1978	In nondiabetic azotemic subjects, mean fasting glucose and immunoreactive insulin levels were increased 24.3% (P = 0.005) and 130% (P = 0.046), respectively.These results in patients with chronic renal failure demonstrate (a) increased glucose production and utilization, (b) increased gluconeogenesis from alanine, (c) increased alanine production and utilization, and (d) a relative impairment to glucose disposal.	Alanine	330-337	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
210721-5	1978	Hypoglycaemia in isolated ACTH deficiency appears to be due to a combination of impaired alanine mobilisation and a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	89-96	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	26-30
667168-2	1978	The sequence of chicken histone H2A differs from the calf homologous histone by the deletion of one residue of histidine at position 123 or 124 and three conservative substitutions: a residue of serine replaces a residue of threonine at position 16, a residue of aspartic acid replaces a residue of glutamic acid at position 121 and a residue of alanine replaces a residue of glycine at position 128.	Alanine	346-353	H2A histone family, member J	Gallus gallus	24-35
855811-5	1977	The changes in serum triglycerides may have resulted from increased metabolism of alanine to pyruvate, and its incorporation into lipids under the stimulus of elevated insulin levels.	Alanine	82-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	168-175
915907-2	1977	A series of peptides and depsipeptides containing 2-methylcarbazic acid (H-Mec-OH), the 2-aza analogue of alanine, was prepared and tested as inhibitors of pancreatic and human granulocyte elastases.	Alanine	106-113	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	75-78
75835-3	1978	3:219, 1974) a hypothesis was proposed that the high dose inhibition of encephalitogenicity in giunea pigs seen with the tryptophan peptide, phe ser trp gly ala glu gly gln arg, and not observed with the whole myelin basic protein which contains this sequence, was the result of competitive inhibition by non-encephalitogenic fragments of the tryptophan peptide produced in vivo possibly by exopeptidases.	Alanine	157-160	myelin basic protein	Sus scrofa	210-230
303241-5	1977	Its amino acid composition and apparent molecular weight estimated by Sephadex G-25 chromatography, indicate that FTS is a nonapeptide of composition lysine, aspartic acid (or asparagine), serine 2, glutamic acid (or glutamine) 2, glycine 2, and alanine.	Alanine	246-253	AKT interacting protein	Homo sapiens	114-117
885146-1	1977	Alanine (500 mg/kg body weight) was given orally to 27 healthy full term newborn infants, and the changes in blood glucose, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glucagon and insulin were determined.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
320081-1	1977	At concentrations higher than 10 mM, the cationic amino acid, arginine, inhibited the incorporation of neutral amino acids such as alanine, threonine, valine and leucine into insulin in the presence of glucose.	Alanine	131-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	175-182
321030-2	1977	Kinetic parameters have been determined for the reaction between chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) and synthetic peptide analogues of the sequence Leu-Ser-Phe-Met-Ala-Ile around the chymosin-sensitive Phe(105)-Met(106) bond of bovine kappa-casein.	Alanine	152-155	casein kappa	Bos taurus	223-235
851414-1	1977	The specificity of action of the lysosomal elastase of human neutrophil leucocytes on the oxidized B chain of insulin is similar to that of pig pancreatic elastase, but is more directed towards valine than alanine as the residue contributing the carboxyl group of the cleaved bond.	Alanine	206-213	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
1002996-15	1976	The partial NH2-terminal sequence of C5a was determined as NH2-Thr-Leu-Glx-Lys-Ile-Glx-Glx-Ile-Ala- and direct comparison with the known sequence of human C3a shows little homology.	Alanine	95-98	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
1002996-12	1976	Human C5a contains a COOH-terminal arginine which is essential for anaphylatoxin activity and a sequence of Gln-Leu-Gly-Arg-COOH at the COOH-terminus which compares favorably with that of human C3a (Gly-Leu-Ala-Arg-COOH).	Alanine	207-210	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
1008857-3	1976	Insulin enhanced the transport rate of substrate amino acids from the A system(alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, L-proline, glycine, L-alanine and L-serine) in fibroblasts and osteoblasts from chick-embryo tissues, in mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) from immature rat uterus, in thymic lymphocytes from young rats and in chick-embryo fibroblasts from confluent secondary cultures.	Alanine	127-136	insulin	Gallus gallus	0-7
952304-10	1976	The increment in human growth hormone (hGH) following alanine infusion was significantly greater than that observed after arginine administration.	Alanine	54-61	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	23-37
182183-20	1976	A-II had a molecular weight of about 10,000, contained no half cystine and had alanine as the C-terminal amino acid.	Alanine	79-86	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
178683-12	1976	We suggest that the hypoglycemia observed in hypopituitary patients is a substrate-mediated phenomenon, and that cortisone and growth hormone replacement therapy improve fasting glucose homeostasis, increase circulating alanine and glutamine concentrations, and decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	220-227	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	127-141
6491-5	1976	Gluconeogenesis from alanine decreased 68% 15 min after insulin, but returned to preinsulin rates at 25 min, and remained constant for the next 25 min, after which it increased linearly.	Alanine	21-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
959752-6	1976	Insulin at a physiological concentration (300 mU/l) and dexamethasone  (0.001 mmol/l) had slight but significant effects on the incorporation rate of alanine into glucose and glycogen, respectively.	Alanine	150-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
178683-4	1976	Glutamine and alanine concentrations fell with fasting (511 +/- 13 leads to 293 +/- 26 muM and 394 +/- 58 leads to 137 +/- 12 muM, respectively) but to levels lower than in normal children.	Alanine	14-21	latexin	Homo sapiens	87-90
178683-4	1976	Glutamine and alanine concentrations fell with fasting (511 +/- 13 leads to 293 +/- 26 muM and 394 +/- 58 leads to 137 +/- 12 muM, respectively) but to levels lower than in normal children.	Alanine	14-21	latexin	Homo sapiens	126-129
932641-3	1976	Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-tyrpsine (GAT) stimulated the development of T cells capable of specifically suppressing the antibody responses in vivo and in vitro of nonresponder strains (bearing the H-2(s), H-2(q), and H-2(p) haplotypes) to GAT complexed with an immunogenic carrier, methylated bovine serum albumin, MBSA (1,2).	Alanine	89-98	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	276-279
932641-3	1976	Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-tyrpsine (GAT) stimulated the development of T cells capable of specifically suppressing the antibody responses in vivo and in vitro of nonresponder strains (bearing the H-2(s), H-2(q), and H-2(p) haplotypes) to GAT complexed with an immunogenic carrier, methylated bovine serum albumin, MBSA (1,2).	Alanine	89-98	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	284-287
932641-3	1976	Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-tyrpsine (GAT) stimulated the development of T cells capable of specifically suppressing the antibody responses in vivo and in vitro of nonresponder strains (bearing the H-2(s), H-2(q), and H-2(p) haplotypes) to GAT complexed with an immunogenic carrier, methylated bovine serum albumin, MBSA (1,2).	Alanine	89-98	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	284-287
178683-6	1976	With cortisone plus GH therapy, fasting glycemia was improved (73 +/- 6 mg/dl) at 30 hours fasting and was associated with increased alanine and glutamine concentrations (206 +/- 28 muM and 448 +/- 40 muM, respectively) and less ketonemia (beta-hydroxybutyrate 1.13 +/- 0.39 mM).	Alanine	133-140	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	20-22
1148200-9	1975	The inhibitor constants of several alanine oligopeptides are shown to decrease with increasing length through L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Ala, demonstrating that alanine aminopeptidase is a multisited enzyme with three and possibly four residue sites per active center.	Alanine	35-42	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	162-176
125279-12	1975	248, 5806-5820); its NH2-terminal residue being Ala-63 of the gamma chain of fibrinogen.	Alanine	48-51	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	77-87
806766-0	1975	The effect of alanine infusions on growth hormone, insulin, and glucose in protein-calorie malnutrition.	Alanine	14-21	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	35-49
1161364-1	1975	Plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin responses to oral feedings of L-alanine were assessed in 44 healthy term infants during the first three days of life.	Alanine	68-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
1138882-12	1975	However, the finding of a single type of NH2-terminal sequence ([Glu-Ala) in cold-insoluble globulin preparations, is consistent with the speculation that the smaller subunit may be a catabolic intermediate arising via release of peptide material containing the COOH-terminus of a parent chain.	Alanine	69-72	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-100
805076-8	1975	These data suggest that the effect exerted by insulin-saline-bicarbonate therapy on amino acid metabolism is manifested by diminished A-V plasma alanine and glutamine differences across forearm tissue.	Alanine	145-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
4436439-10	1974	Somatostatin suppresses glucagon in diabetic dogs and lowers their plasma glucose approximately 1 mg per dl per min, even when the gluconeogenic substrate alanine is abundant.	Alanine	155-162	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
1091638-5	1975	A comparison of the amino acid composition of rabbit reticulocyte and rat liver EF-2 with Escherichia coli EF-G shows a high degree of similarity with only four amino acids differing by more than 10% (alanine, lysine, cysteine, and leucine).	Alanine	201-208	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
1117054-1	1975	Changes in blood levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose in response to infusions of alanine and glycine have been studied in postabsorptive and fasting obese human subjects.	Alanine	85-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
4436439-1	1974	In conscious dogs intravenously infused somatostatin (3.3 mug per min for 1 h) caused prompt and sustained declines in mean plasma insulin and glucagon, even during alanine infusion and intraduodenal casein hydrolysate feeding; plasma glucose declined, but not significantly.	Alanine	165-172	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	40-52
4422013-0	1974	Plasma alanine: relation to plasma glucose, glucagon, and insulin in the neonate.	Alanine	7-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
4462579-5	1974	Urate synthesis from glycine, glutamine, NH(4)Cl, asparagine, alanine, histidine and a mixture of 21 amino acids was obtained on inclusion of insulin in the perfusion medium.	Alanine	62-69	insulin	Gallus gallus	142-149
4815080-11	1974	Bolus injection of alanine (1 mmol/kg) into a peripheral vein to six infants resulted in significant increments in glucagon (mean maximal, 128 pg/ml) as well as glucose and insulin.	Alanine	19-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
4333805-1	1971	Substitutions of 8 phenylalanine with L-alanine and D-phenylalanine abolish the myotropic action of the angiotensin II (AT(II)) analogues and confer inhibitory properties on the molecule.	Alanine	38-47	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	104-118
4352905-5	1973	Unlike other plant cytochromes c, leek cytochrome c has glutamic acid or glutamine in position 11, leucine in position 20 and alanine in position 51.	Alanine	126-133	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	39-51
4206148-0	1974	Effect of oral alanine on blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and growth hormone in normal and diabetic subjects.	Alanine	15-22	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	104-118
5024041-4	1972	On a normal diet, overnight fasting plasma alanine (211+/-10 muM) and glucose (68+/-4 mg/100 ml) were significantly lower and blood beta-OHB (1.22+/-0.37 mM) significantly higher in ketotic hypoglycemic children than in controls (alanine, 315+/-15 muM; glucose, 81+/-3 mg/100 ml; beta-OHB, 0.18+/-0.08 mM).	Alanine	43-50	latexin	Homo sapiens	61-64
4333805-1	1971	Substitutions of 8 phenylalanine with L-alanine and D-phenylalanine abolish the myotropic action of the angiotensin II (AT(II)) analogues and confer inhibitory properties on the molecule.	Alanine	38-47	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	120-126
14217885-2	1964	CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ALANINE-CONTAINING GLUCOSAMINYLMURAMIC ACID DERIVATIVE LIBERATED BY LYSOZYME FROM STREPTOCOCCAL GLYCOPEPTIDE.	Alanine	23-30	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	91-99
5419743-9	1970	However, two of these amino acids, alanine and histidine, here showed response to insulin in the absence of inhibitor.	Alanine	35-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
13926303-0	1961	The effect of growth hormone on the incorporation of N15 from ammonium citrate, glycine, L-aspartic acid, L-alanine and L-glutamic acid into amino acids of liver protein.	Alanine	106-115	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	14-28
34030642-9	2021	Alanine substitution of S63 and S262 (S63A and S262A) of IkappaBalpha inhibited proliferation and suppressed p65 transcription activity.	Alanine	0-7	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-69
13435910-0	1957	Isotopic studies on the reconstitution of insulin under normal and at high pressure; exchange and adsorption of alanine to insulin.	Alanine	112-119	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
34051991-2	2021	Herein, a new highly selective red-emitting fluorescent probe (DCDHF-Ala) for LAP has been synthesized based on 2-dicyanomethyldiene-3-cyano-2, 5-dihydrofuran (DCDHF) as fluorophore, and alanine (Ala) as the detection group.	Alanine	187-194	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	78-81
34051991-2	2021	Herein, a new highly selective red-emitting fluorescent probe (DCDHF-Ala) for LAP has been synthesized based on 2-dicyanomethyldiene-3-cyano-2, 5-dihydrofuran (DCDHF) as fluorophore, and alanine (Ala) as the detection group.	Alanine	69-72	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	78-81
34051991-3	2021	More importantly, it"s the first time to use Ala as a reactive group for LAP.	Alanine	45-48	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	73-76
34059824-7	2021	Notably, this is in contrast with SPTLC1 variants that shift SPT amino acid usage from serine to alanine, result in elevated levels of deoxysphingolipids and manifest with the alternate phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.	Alanine	97-104	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
33998612-2	2021	Here it is shown by means of density functional theory calculations that phenylalanine-leucine, leucine-phenylalanine, alanine-valine, valine-alanine and valine-valine hydrophobic dipeptide crystals are also unusually stiff, with Young"s moduli in the range of 19.7-33.3 GPa.	Alanine	79-86	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	271-274
33958621-4	2021	Both phosphorylation and a phospho-mimetic mutation reduce actin monomer binding affinity while an alanine mutation, generated to mimic the non-phosphorylated state, increases actin binding affinity.	Alanine	99-106	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	176-181
33876824-8	2021	Using sequential alanine mutations, we identified several residues adjacent to the scissile bond, including Y94, that when mutated, abolish tolloid-mediated activation of latent GDF8.	Alanine	17-24	myostatin	Homo sapiens	178-182
33860562-6	2021	Besides, ALA-PDT could up-regulate the expression of CXCL8 in vivo and in vitro, amplifying the inflammatory response by recruiting T cells, B cells, neutrophils and macrophages.	Alanine	9-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	53-58
33938783-4	2021	ALA also up-regulated G2/Mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 gene and apoptosis suppressive gene Bcl2 expression (p < 0.05).	Alanine	0-3	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	88-92
33476180-5	2021	Using a MEK variant that combines a mutation within the negative regulatory region with alanine substitutions in the activation loop, we prove that pathogenic variants indeed acquire signal-independent kinase activity.	Alanine	88-95	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	8-11
33883214-5	2021	Conditional vascular expression of the phosphorylation resistant Ser490 to Ala (S490A) form of occludin preserved tight junction organization and reduced VEGF-induced permeability and edema formation after intra-ocular injection.	Alanine	75-78	occludin	Mus musculus	95-103
33860562-7	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT elevated the expression of CXCL8 via p38 pathway.	Alanine	19-22	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	54-59
33860562-7	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT elevated the expression of CXCL8 via p38 pathway.	Alanine	19-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	64-67
33860562-8	2021	SB203580, a p38 pathway inhibitor, decreased the expression of CXCL8 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	88-91	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	63-68
33860562-9	2021	These findings indicate that ALA-PDT amplifies the intense inflammatory response in treatment of acne vulgaris via CXCL8.	Alanine	29-32	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	115-120
32189582-9	2021	We designed new Abeta-based peptidic inhibitors of tubulin using visual inspection and alanine scanning method.	Alanine	87-94	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	16-21
33291002-3	2021	The peptide with two alanines (n = 2) yielded the immunosensor with the highest performance in detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation.	Alanine	21-29	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	105-123
33291002-3	2021	The peptide with two alanines (n = 2) yielded the immunosensor with the highest performance in detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation.	Alanine	21-29	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	125-128
33796945-5	2021	Correspondingly, upon substitution of wild-type gephyrin with recombinant gephyrin carrying alanine mutations at putative CDK5 phosphorylation sites the binding of gephyrin to MTs was increased.	Alanine	92-99	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	48-56
33796945-5	2021	Correspondingly, upon substitution of wild-type gephyrin with recombinant gephyrin carrying alanine mutations at putative CDK5 phosphorylation sites the binding of gephyrin to MTs was increased.	Alanine	92-99	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
33796945-5	2021	Correspondingly, upon substitution of wild-type gephyrin with recombinant gephyrin carrying alanine mutations at putative CDK5 phosphorylation sites the binding of gephyrin to MTs was increased.	Alanine	92-99	gephyrin	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
32783395-6	2021	Ala carriers had lower fasting plasma insulin, better insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), and worse beta cell secretion (HOMA2-%B) than non-carriers.	Alanine	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
33821264-3	2021	Currently, most of the information regarding the role of CoV Mac1 during infection is based on a single point mutant of a highly conserved asparagine-to-alanine mutation, which is known to largely eliminate Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity.	Alanine	153-160	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
33821264-3	2021	Currently, most of the information regarding the role of CoV Mac1 during infection is based on a single point mutant of a highly conserved asparagine-to-alanine mutation, which is known to largely eliminate Mac1 ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity.	Alanine	153-160	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	207-211
33737524-6	2021	In comparison to untreated controls, treatment of EJ28Luc cells with 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb resulted in a significantly decreased incorporation of 13C from [U-13C6]glucose into alanine, aspartate, glutamate, glycine, proline and serine.	Alanine	174-181	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	80-84
33275161-5	2021	We hypothesised that the glucagon-alanine index, an indicator of the functional integrity of the liver-alpha cell axis, would associate with liver fat and insulin resistance in our cohort of women with low levels of liver fat.	Alanine	34-41	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-33
33275161-5	2021	We hypothesised that the glucagon-alanine index, an indicator of the functional integrity of the liver-alpha cell axis, would associate with liver fat and insulin resistance in our cohort of women with low levels of liver fat.	Alanine	34-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
33275161-9	2021	We conducted Spearman correlation analyses of liver fat content and HOMA-IR with the glucagon-alanine index (the product of fasting plasma levels of glucagon and alanine).	Alanine	94-101	glucagon	Homo sapiens	85-93
33275161-9	2021	We conducted Spearman correlation analyses of liver fat content and HOMA-IR with the glucagon-alanine index (the product of fasting plasma levels of glucagon and alanine).	Alanine	94-101	glucagon	Homo sapiens	149-157
33275161-9	2021	We conducted Spearman correlation analyses of liver fat content and HOMA-IR with the glucagon-alanine index (the product of fasting plasma levels of glucagon and alanine).	Alanine	162-169	glucagon	Homo sapiens	85-93
33275161-10	2021	The prediction of the glucagon-alanine index by liver fat or HOMA-IR was tested in multivariate linear regression analyses in the whole cohort as well as after stratification for liver fat content <=0.5% (n = 39) or >0.5% (n = 40).	Alanine	31-38	glucagon	Homo sapiens	22-30
33275161-11	2021	RESULTS: The glucagon-alanine index significantly correlated with liver fat and HOMA-IR in the entire cohort (rho = 0.484, p < 0.001 and rho = 0.417, p < 0.001, respectively).	Alanine	22-29	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-21
33789576-5	2021	Moreover, we found that PKC activation upregulated the Vmax value for hLAT2-mediated alanine transport, which was not accompanied by the induction of hLAT2 membrane insertion.	Alanine	85-92	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
32783395-6	2021	Ala carriers had lower fasting plasma insulin, better insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), and worse beta cell secretion (HOMA2-%B) than non-carriers.	Alanine	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
33275161-13	2021	In linear regression analyses, the association of the glucagon-alanine index with liver fat remained significant after adjustment for age and HOMA-IR in all participants and in those with liver fat >0.5% (beta = 0.246, p = 0.0.23 and beta = 0.430, p = 0.007, respectively) but not in participants with liver fat <=0.5% (beta = -0.184, p = 0.286).	Alanine	63-70	glucagon	Homo sapiens	54-62
33275161-14	2021	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We reproduced the previously reported association of liver fat content and HOMA-IR with the glucagon-alanine index in an independent study cohort of young women with low to high risk for type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	129-136	glucagon	Homo sapiens	120-128
33275161-15	2021	Furthermore, our data indicates an insulin-resistance-independent association of liver fat content with the glucagon-alanine index.	Alanine	117-124	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
33275161-15	2021	Furthermore, our data indicates an insulin-resistance-independent association of liver fat content with the glucagon-alanine index.	Alanine	117-124	glucagon	Homo sapiens	108-116
33157332-9	2021	We also found that DHA inhibited NF-kappaB-HIF-1alpha-VEGF pathway which was activated by ALA-PDT.	Alanine	90-93	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	54-58
33157332-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Although the NRF2 - NO-1 pathway as a resistance mechanism remains unresolved, DHA has the potential to enhance the effect of ALA-PDT for HPV infection-related diseases through inhibiting NF-kappaB - HIF-1alpha - VEGF pathway.	Alanine	138-141	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	212-222
33523598-4	2021	Further analysis in EAAT2-transfected HeLa cells in vitro showed that alanine substitutions of these residues resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of trafficking/targeting to the plasma membrane and/or reduced functionality of membrane-bound, which resulted in impaired transporter activity.	Alanine	70-77	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
33369157-8	2021	Alanine-substituted FVIII mutants, Y346A and D347A/D348A/D349A, depressed thrombin-catalyzed activation and cleavage at Arg372 , with peak activation at ~ 50% and cleavage rates of ~ 10% to 20% compared to wild type (WT).	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	74-82
33157332-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Although the NRF2 - NO-1 pathway as a resistance mechanism remains unresolved, DHA has the potential to enhance the effect of ALA-PDT for HPV infection-related diseases through inhibiting NF-kappaB - HIF-1alpha - VEGF pathway.	Alanine	138-141	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	225-229
33157332-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Although the NRF2 - NO-1 pathway as a resistance mechanism remains unresolved, DHA has the potential to enhance the effect of ALA-PDT for HPV infection-related diseases through inhibiting NF-kappaB - HIF-1alpha - VEGF pathway.	Alanine	138-141	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	200-209
33471263-6	2021	The results clearly demonstrated that Ala 3 markedly reduced cell viability via deregulation of the APEH-proteasome system.	Alanine	38-41	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	100-104
33592631-7	2021	Thrombin-catalyzed activation and cleavage at Arg1689 in the alanine-substituted rFVIII mutants within 1663-1666 residues were similar to those of wild type (WT).	Alanine	61-68	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
33540617-9	2021	Through studies of transgenic mice with alanine point mutations on T1123/S1126 of mGlu5 that disrupt ERK-dependent phosphorylation of the receptor, we discovered that ERK-dependent mGlu5 phosphorylation normally suppresses MA-induced conditioned place-preference (MA-CPP), but is necessary for this drug"s reinforcing properties.	Alanine	40-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	167-170
32638513-7	2021	Mutant cells expressing the dna2 allele containing all five basic residues substituted with alanine displayed three distinct phenotypes: (i) temperature-sensitive growth defects, (ii) bypass of S phase arrest, and (iii) increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents.	Alanine	92-99	DNA replication helicase/nuclease 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
33596708-3	2021	Moreover, postoperative infection is an important factor affecting bone healing.AcN-RADARADARADARADA-CONH2 (RADA) is a new type of self-assembling peptide(SAP) composed of Arg,Ala,Asp and other amino acids was designed and prepared.	Alanine	176-179	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	155-158
33601002-5	2021	RESULTS: After completion of ALA-PDT, mast cells showed an increase of degranulation index and expression of NGF and VIP.	Alanine	29-32	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	117-120
33427376-0	2021	Phosphonic analogues of alanine as acylpeptide hydrolase inhibitors.	Alanine	24-31	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	35-56
33427376-7	2021	Here we present the synthesis of simple derivatives of (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid diaryl esters, phosphonic analogues of alanine diversified at the N-terminus and ester rings, as inhibitors of acylpeptide hydrolase and discuss the ability of the title compounds to induce apoptosis of U937 and MV-4-11 tumor cell lines.	Alanine	124-131	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	196-217
32065094-5	2021	To this end, the constructed teduglutide-GLP2R 3D model was subjected to the alanine scanning mutagenesis where ARG20, PHE22, ILE23, LEU26, ILE27 and LYS30 were identified as the key amino acids involved in ligand-receptor interaction.	Alanine	77-84	glucagon like peptide 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	41-46
33211259-6	2021	Mutation of isoleucine I202 to glutamine (I202Q) or alanine (I202A) significantly reduced both constitutive and induced KIM-1 shedding and ultimately efferocytosis.	Alanine	52-59	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Mus musculus	120-125
33504599-3	2021	From a systematic analysis of alanine substitutions throughout the SIVmac239 Nef protein, we identified residues that are required to counteract SERINC5.	Alanine	30-37	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	77-80
33614362-4	2021	ALA increases insulin sensitivity, which could increase serotonin synthesis and thus reduce the manifestations of depressive disorder.	Alanine	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
33469639-3	2021	In the present study, the recently developed interaction entropy approach was employed for the calculation of entropic contribution, and the computational alanine scanning method was used to identify the hot spot in the protein-protein interactions between Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 and Bad/Bax.	Alanine	155-162	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	257-263
33469639-3	2021	In the present study, the recently developed interaction entropy approach was employed for the calculation of entropic contribution, and the computational alanine scanning method was used to identify the hot spot in the protein-protein interactions between Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 and Bad/Bax.	Alanine	155-162	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	264-269
33469639-3	2021	In the present study, the recently developed interaction entropy approach was employed for the calculation of entropic contribution, and the computational alanine scanning method was used to identify the hot spot in the protein-protein interactions between Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 and Bad/Bax.	Alanine	155-162	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	278-281
33465377-5	2021	In vitro, activated GRK2 phosphorylated both WT IL3 and WT CT proteins but not Ala-substituted forms.	Alanine	79-82	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
33419840-1	2021	BACKGROUND/AIM: The Aspartate aminotransaminase/Alanine aminotransaminase ratio (AST/ALT ratio) has been identified as a prognostic marker for several malignancies.	Alanine	48-55	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	81-84
33002578-3	2021	The affinity of AGT for its co-substrate, alanine, is low suggesting that its metabolic activity could be sub-optimal in vivo.	Alanine	42-49	alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase	Mus musculus	16-19
33002578-5	2021	Our results demonstrated that increasing L-alanine in cells decreased synthesis of oxalate and increased viability of cells expressing GO and AGT when incubated with glycolate.	Alanine	41-50	alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase	Mus musculus	142-145
33002578-7	2021	This study demonstrates that increasing the availability of L-alanine can increase the metabolic efficiency of AGT and reduce oxalate synthesis.	Alanine	60-69	alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase	Mus musculus	111-114
33530084-7	2021	In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels.	Alanine	238-241	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
32936424-7	2021	A total of 33 upregulated and 52 downregulated genes associated with HCC progression and ferroptosis were obtained, and these genes were significantly involved in the negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades; the NAD biosynthetic process; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and other pathways.	Alanine	244-251	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	190-194
32936424-7	2021	A total of 33 upregulated and 52 downregulated genes associated with HCC progression and ferroptosis were obtained, and these genes were significantly involved in the negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades; the NAD biosynthetic process; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and other pathways.	Alanine	244-251	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	199-203
32936424-12	2021	These genes played roles in HCC progression and ferroptosis via the negative regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades; the NAD biosynthetic process; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.	Alanine	153-160	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	95-99
32936424-12	2021	These genes played roles in HCC progression and ferroptosis via the negative regulation of the ERK1 and ERK2 cascades; the NAD biosynthetic process; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism.	Alanine	153-160	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
33128338-3	2021	In recombinant Akt protein and in HEK293 cells, NO donor decreased Akt activity and induced Akt S-Nitrosylation, but was abolished if Akt protein was mutated by replacing cysteine 296/344 with alanine (Akt-C296/344A).	Alanine	193-200	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
33303626-5	2021	In the current study, we used alanine scanning mutagenesis to examine the critical residues responsible for p15-induced ADGRG2 activity.	Alanine	30-37	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B	Homo sapiens	108-111
33298538-6	2020	We identified a VP22 domain encoded by amino acids 227 to 258 as the minimal domain required for its binding to DNA in vitro Consecutive alanine substitutions in this domain substantially impaired the DNA binding activity of VP22 in vitro and attenuated the inhibitory effect of VP22 on AIM2 inflammasome activation in an AIM2 inflammasome reconstitution system.	Alanine	137-144	absent in melanoma 2	Homo sapiens	287-291
33298538-6	2020	We identified a VP22 domain encoded by amino acids 227 to 258 as the minimal domain required for its binding to DNA in vitro Consecutive alanine substitutions in this domain substantially impaired the DNA binding activity of VP22 in vitro and attenuated the inhibitory effect of VP22 on AIM2 inflammasome activation in an AIM2 inflammasome reconstitution system.	Alanine	137-144	absent in melanoma 2	Homo sapiens	322-326
33298538-7	2020	The inhibitory effect of VP22 on AIM2 inflammasome activation was completely abolished in macrophages infected with a recombinant virus harboring VP22 with one of the consecutive alanine substitutions, similar to the effect of a VP22-null mutant virus.	Alanine	179-186	absent in melanoma 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
32501129-3	2020	The patient had a rare mutation in codon 196 (E196A) of PRNP leading to an exchange of amino acid from glutamic acid (E) to alanine (A).	Alanine	124-131	prion protein	Homo sapiens	56-60
32163000-6	2020	Four long primer pairs with sticky end were used to synthesize CGA-N12 expression sequence which contains four copies of CGA-N12 flanked by a Lys-Arg pair and two Glu-Ala repeating units.	Alanine	167-170	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	63-66
32163000-7	2020	Endogenous proteases Kex2 and Ste13 in Golgi apparatus recognize and excise Lys-Arg and Glu-Ala pair to release short CGA-N12 peptides from the tandem repeat sequences, respectively.	Alanine	92-95	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	118-121
33126128-8	2020	Tretinoin bound within the lumen of the channel formed by E protein, which is lined by hydrophobic residues like Phe, Val and Ala, indicating its potential for blocking the channel and inhibiting the viroporin functionality of E.	Alanine	126-129	envelope protein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	58-59
33256349-7	2020	After adjustment of age, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and free thyroxine and positively associated with weight, hemoglobin, creatinine, alanine transferase, fasting glucose, and thyroid stimulating hormone.	Alanine	191-198	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
33168729-3	2020	To investigate the role of these helices in the transport function of P-gp, we substituted a group of 14 conserved residues (seven in both TMHs 6 and 12) with alanine and generated a mutant termed 14A.	Alanine	159-166	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
33348370-0	2020	Optimization of Alanine Measurements for Fast and Accurate Dosimetry in FLASH Radiation Therapy.	Alanine	16-23	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	41-45
33139539-4	2020	When a double-leucine L706L707 motif at the C terminus of LRRC8A was mutated to alanines, normal plasma membrane VRAC currents were still observed, but Lyso-VRAC currents were absent.	Alanine	80-88	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A	Homo sapiens	58-64
33203750-8	2020	The reduced cAMP/CRP complex promoted l-alanine catabolism and inhibited l-alanine anabolism, causing reduced levels of alanine.	Alanine	38-47	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
33203750-8	2020	The reduced cAMP/CRP complex promoted l-alanine catabolism and inhibited l-alanine anabolism, causing reduced levels of alanine.	Alanine	73-82	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
33203750-8	2020	The reduced cAMP/CRP complex promoted l-alanine catabolism and inhibited l-alanine anabolism, causing reduced levels of alanine.	Alanine	40-47	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
33203750-10	2020	Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which the Na+-NQR system regulates antibiotic resistance via l-alanine metabolism in a cAMP/CRP complex-dependent manner.IMPORTANCE The Na+-NQR complex functions as a unique redox-driven sodium pump, generating membrane potential directly.	Alanine	102-111	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	133-136
33203750-13	2020	It proceeds by ATP and then cAMP/CRP regulon, which inhibits l-alanine catabolism and promotes l-alanine anabolism.	Alanine	61-70	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	33-36
33203750-13	2020	It proceeds by ATP and then cAMP/CRP regulon, which inhibits l-alanine catabolism and promotes l-alanine anabolism.	Alanine	95-104	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	33-36
33203750-16	2020	These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the Na+-NQR system regulates antibiotic resistance via l-alanine metabolism in a cAMP/CRP complex-dependent manner.	Alanine	105-114	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	136-139
33094809-8	2020	In the affinity assays, these charged residues were replaced by alanine, and their affinities to E-cadherin were measured.	Alanine	64-71	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	97-107
33240105-12	2020	Mutation of S861 to alanine mimicked the effects of Akt inhibition on voltage dependence and current magnitude.	Alanine	20-27	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	52-55
32885978-2	2020	Here, we demonstrate that alpha-lactalbumin/polyethylene oxide (ALA/PEO) electrospun nanofibers constitute an efficient oromucosal delivery system for fast-onset nicotine delivery of high relevance for acute dosing NRT applications.	Alanine	64-67	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	26-43
32750420-7	2020	Among the residues involved in the interaction between nitisinone (NTBC) and hHPPD, Tyr221 and Leu224, whose mutation into Ala caused significant decrease of NTBC binding ability, were two key residues in determining the selective binding affinity of inhibitor and hHPPD.	Alanine	123-126	HPPD	Homo sapiens	77-82
32645484-5	2020	RESULTS: Using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) as specific GRSF1 binding protein and in vitro truncation studies suggested that COMMD1 interacts with the alanine-rich domain of GRSF1.	Alanine	210-217	copper metabolism domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	61-93
32645484-5	2020	RESULTS: Using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) as specific GRSF1 binding protein and in vitro truncation studies suggested that COMMD1 interacts with the alanine-rich domain of GRSF1.	Alanine	210-217	copper metabolism domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
32645484-5	2020	RESULTS: Using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) as specific GRSF1 binding protein and in vitro truncation studies suggested that COMMD1 interacts with the alanine-rich domain of GRSF1.	Alanine	210-217	copper metabolism domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
32645484-5	2020	RESULTS: Using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) as specific GRSF1 binding protein and in vitro truncation studies suggested that COMMD1 interacts with the alanine-rich domain of GRSF1.	Alanine	210-217	G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
32645484-7	2020	CONCLUSION: In mammalian cells the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) specifically interacts with the Ala-rich domain of GRSF1 in an RNA-independent manner.	Alanine	109-112	copper metabolism domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	35-67
32645484-7	2020	CONCLUSION: In mammalian cells the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) specifically interacts with the Ala-rich domain of GRSF1 in an RNA-independent manner.	Alanine	109-112	copper metabolism domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	69-75
32645484-7	2020	CONCLUSION: In mammalian cells the COMM-domain containing protein 1 (COMMD1) specifically interacts with the Ala-rich domain of GRSF1 in an RNA-independent manner.	Alanine	109-112	G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
32889510-6	2020	Compared with the controls and patients with epilepsy, Alanine-Alanine (AA), and Alanine-Valine (AV) genotype, the patients with epilepsy and VV genotype exhibited higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), activation of caspases 1 and 3 (CASP-1 and -3), and DNA damage.	Alanine	55-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	181-208
32750420-7	2020	Among the residues involved in the interaction between nitisinone (NTBC) and hHPPD, Tyr221 and Leu224, whose mutation into Ala caused significant decrease of NTBC binding ability, were two key residues in determining the selective binding affinity of inhibitor and hHPPD.	Alanine	123-126	HPPD	Homo sapiens	265-270
31983282-5	2020	Alanine substitutions of PRKDC phosphorylation sites in PRKAG1 reduced AMPK complex activation without affecting its nucleotide sensing capacity.	Alanine	0-7	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
33066313-6	2020	Furthermore, the result of the phage-ELISA showed that the mutational phage lost the binding activity to the anti-CIT ScFv when the five amino acids were mutated to "alanine", thereby proving the correctness of the molecular docking model.	Alanine	166-173	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	118-122
33123132-8	2020	We found that LA exerts pro-inflammatory response while ALA, EPA, and DHA induced anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of PRRs, phosphorylation of IKK and p38, and the nuclear translocation of p65.	Alanine	56-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	173-176
31983282-7	2020	Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type.	Alanine	318-325	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
32829522-1	2020	HLA-A*31:73 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*31:01:02:01 where Serine (71) is changed to Alanine.	Alanine	93-100	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	0-5
32829522-1	2020	HLA-A*31:73 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*31:01:02:01 where Serine (71) is changed to Alanine.	Alanine	93-100	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	43-48
32980057-2	2020	Since the substitution of a single amino acid (Ala to Ser/Gly at position 302) of the Drosophila melanogaster Rdl gene was first identified to confer high level resistance to dieldrin, mutations at the equivalent positions have been reported to confer resistance to dieldrin and/or fipronil in a wide range of different insects.	Alanine	47-50	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	110-113
32980057-3	2020	In the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, there are two Rdl homologs (HaRdl-1 and HaRdl-2) in close proximity on the Z chromosome, which as wild-type sequences, encode alanine and serine respectively at amino acid position 302.	Alanine	171-178	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	59-62
33001648-6	2020	An alanine scan of apelin-17 reveals that the integrity and conformational flexibility of the KFRR motif are necessary for cardio-physiological activity.	Alanine	3-10	apelin	Homo sapiens	19-25
32763972-7	2020	Conversion of the five key amino acids (PSLFQ) to Ala, or deletion of PSLFQ in the context of full length MGAT4D-L, also inactivated MGAT1 inhibitory activity.	Alanine	50-53	alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	133-138
32985589-7	2020	Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that the R205 to alanine (A) mutant of YBX1 (YBX1-R205A) interacted less well with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and attenuated the DNA binding ability of p65.	Alanine	72-79	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
33000894-7	2021	Mutating BRAF S365 site to an alanine (S365A) reduced 14-3-3 association and increased BRAF V600E homodimerization.	Alanine	30-37	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	9-13
33000894-7	2021	Mutating BRAF S365 site to an alanine (S365A) reduced 14-3-3 association and increased BRAF V600E homodimerization.	Alanine	30-37	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	87-91
33003329-6	2020	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified critical amino acid residues within each NES, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that their nuclear export activities depend on the CRM1-mediated pathway, particularly for the third NES (136-146aa) of IDV NS2.	Alanine	0-7	nestin	Homo sapiens	81-84
33003329-6	2020	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified critical amino acid residues within each NES, and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that their nuclear export activities depend on the CRM1-mediated pathway, particularly for the third NES (136-146aa) of IDV NS2.	Alanine	0-7	nestin	Homo sapiens	239-242
32985589-7	2020	Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation studies reveal that the R205 to alanine (A) mutant of YBX1 (YBX1-R205A) interacted less well with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and attenuated the DNA binding ability of p65.	Alanine	72-79	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
32828303-6	2020	Arf4-HA-GFP could be partially reverted to the behavior of Arf4-GFP by mutation of two aspartic acids in the HA tag to alanine.	Alanine	119-126	ADP ribosylation factor 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
32592804-3	2020	Here we identified the functional effects of tRF-3019a (derived from tRNA-Ala-AGC-1-1) in GC.	Alanine	74-77	telomeric repeat binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
32828303-6	2020	Arf4-HA-GFP could be partially reverted to the behavior of Arf4-GFP by mutation of two aspartic acids in the HA tag to alanine.	Alanine	119-126	ADP ribosylation factor 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
33073187-6	2020	Additionally, we find that alanine substitution of the helix-8 cysteine residue (Cys361Ala) led to a large decrease in both Galphaq/11 coupling and beta-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment to PAR2.	Alanine	27-34	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	148-163
32416637-1	2020	We aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of Pro/Ala (rs1801282) in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene with risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.	Alanine	81-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	100-148
32416637-1	2020	We aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of Pro/Ala (rs1801282) in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene with risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients.	Alanine	81-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	150-160
32416637-6	2020	Further, serum biomarkers were measured to investigate the association among risk factors of DM and Pro/Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene.	Alanine	104-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	124-134
32416637-11	2020	This study suggests that hyperglycemia in CAD-patients particularly obese, smokers and hypertensives having Pro/Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene are at high risk of developing DM as clearly observed by hyperglycemia in CAD-patients.	Alanine	112-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	132-142
33163832-8	2020	Glucagon, amino acids (P < 0.05), and the glucagon-alanine index, a validated surrogate marker of glucagon resistance, were increased in OBE by 60%, 56%, and 61%, respectively, when compared with CON but irrespective of NAFLD severity.	Alanine	51-58	glucagon	Homo sapiens	42-50
32611769-0	2020	Methyltransferase-like 21C (METTL21C) methylates alanine tRNA synthetase at Lys-943 in muscle tissue.	Alanine	49-56	methyltransferase 21C, AARS1 lysine	Homo sapiens	0-26
32611769-0	2020	Methyltransferase-like 21C (METTL21C) methylates alanine tRNA synthetase at Lys-943 in muscle tissue.	Alanine	49-56	methyltransferase 21C, AARS1 lysine	Homo sapiens	28-36
32876058-3	2020	It was previously shown that two EHDs connected by a linker (EHD2) recognize a target sequence twice as long as that recognized by a single EHD in cells only when Arg53 in each EHD in the tandem protein is mutated to alanine {(EHD[R53A])2}.	Alanine	217-224	EH domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
32786404-5	2020	Substitution of K182 or K649 with alanine (K182A or K649A, respectively) led to a decrease in the level of LTF ubiquitylation, and substitution at both sites led to a major decrease in the level of LTF ubiquitylation.	Alanine	34-41	lactotransferrin	Homo sapiens	107-110
32786404-5	2020	Substitution of K182 or K649 with alanine (K182A or K649A, respectively) led to a decrease in the level of LTF ubiquitylation, and substitution at both sites led to a major decrease in the level of LTF ubiquitylation.	Alanine	34-41	lactotransferrin	Homo sapiens	198-201
32527722-5	2020	We also investigated two distantly related very-longchain fatty acyl (VLCFA) desaturases from Arabidopsis, ADS1.2 and ADS1.4, which have Ala and Gly, respectively, in place of the gatekeeping Tyr found in mSCD1.	Alanine	137-140	delta 9 desaturase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-111
32527722-6	2020	Substitution of Tyr for Ala and Gly in ADS1.2 and ADS1.4, respectively, blocked their ability to desaturate VLCFAs.	Alanine	24-27	delta 9 desaturase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
32185884-1	2020	HLA-DRB1*13:290 differs from HLA-DRB1*13:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution in codon 86 (Gly > Ala).	Alanine	105-108	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
32436653-5	2020	METHODS AND RESULTS: Non-conserved amino acids within the beta1 ECII loop (compared with the amino acids constituting the ECII loop of the beta2 -adrenoceptor) were one by one replaced with alanine; potential intra-loop disulfide bridges were probed by cysteine-serine exchanges.	Alanine	190-197	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	58-63
32185884-1	2020	HLA-DRB1*13:290 differs from HLA-DRB1*13:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution in codon 86 (Gly > Ala).	Alanine	105-108	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
32632109-4	2020	Charge neutralization of the acidic residues in the activation peptide through Ala mutagenesis results in a mutant activated by thrombin significantly faster than wild type.	Alanine	79-82	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	128-136
32325540-4	2020	In the present study we show that DAO activity can be detected in vivo in the rat kidney using hyperpolarized d-[1-13 C]alanine.	Alanine	120-127	D-amino-acid oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
31378153-4	2020	Therefore, more than 40 X-ray co-crystal structures of the human MMP-13 with bound inhibitors are investigated to gain the structural insights such as conserved direct interactions with binding site residues, namely Ala-238, Thr-245 and Thr-247.	Alanine	216-219	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	65-71
32480125-6	2020	To obtain detergent-free, full-length TDP-43 we mutated all six tryptophan residues to alanine.	Alanine	87-94	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	38-44
32695149-6	2020	Mutating these cysteines to alanine to mimic a redox modification decreased PPARgamma-dependent reporter gene transactivation supporting a functional shift of PPARgamma associated with the MPhi phenotype.	Alanine	28-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
32695149-6	2020	Mutating these cysteines to alanine to mimic a redox modification decreased PPARgamma-dependent reporter gene transactivation supporting a functional shift of PPARgamma associated with the MPhi phenotype.	Alanine	28-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	159-168
32119952-12	2020	Docking analysis further showed that AM-1 docked into the active site channel of ACE and interacted with Ala-354 in the active site pocket of ACE.	Alanine	105-109	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
32589661-5	2020	In this study we show that expression of the p120-catenin phosphorylation dead mutant, by converting six Serine and Threonine sites to Alanine, leads to enhanced E-cadherin adhesive binding strength in tumor cells.	Alanine	135-142	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	162-172
32695413-2	2020	Previous phenylalanine-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of Pgp revealed that nearly all mutations retained full MDR function and still permitted substrate transport.	Alanine	15-22	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
32240619-6	2020	Mdr2-/- and Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice had elevated liver weights and serum alanine transferase values.	Alanine	67-74	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4	Mus musculus	0-4
32240619-6	2020	Mdr2-/- and Tr-/-Mdr2-/- mice had elevated liver weights and serum alanine transferase values.	Alanine	67-74	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4	Mus musculus	17-21
31758207-3	2020	The results showed that after treatment of D-GalN/LPS-stimulated hepatocytes with 2.5-20 muM apigenin, the supernatant alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferasein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels and intracellular nuclear factor-kappaB protein expression were decreased, while the supernatant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels, intracellular PPARgamma and inhibitor of kappa B-alpha protein expressions, and nucleus Nrf-2 protein expression were increased.	Alanine	119-126	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	50-53
32268216-14	2020	Furthermore, exosomes secreted from SCCs after ALA-PDT promote the secretion of TGF-beta1 from fibroblast.	Alanine	47-50	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-89
32268216-15	2020	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that exosomes derived from ALA-PDT-treated SCCs have the ability to stimulate DC maturation and fibroblast secretion of TGF-beta1, which results in the elevation of anti-tumour immunity.	Alanine	63-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	156-165
32456215-6	2020	Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-kappaB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by PRMT5.	Alanine	32-39	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	252-261
32572025-4	2020	Here, through rational chimera design by transplanting the key orthogonal components from the pyrrolysine system, we create multiple chimeric tRNA synthetase/chimeric tRNA pairs, including chimera histidine, phenylalanine, and alanine systems.	Alanine	214-221	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	142-146
32518289-0	2020	Author Correction: Structural and dynamic studies reveal that the Ala-rich region of ataxin-7 initiates alpha-helix formation of the polyQ tract but suppresses its aggregation.	Alanine	66-69	ataxin 7	Homo sapiens	85-93
32019421-2	2020	Previously, we screened out a cyclic peptide inhibitor of human uPA [Formula: see text] and found that Ala substitution of P2 residue turns upain-1 to a substrate.	Alanine	103-106	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
32208217-6	2020	At higher doses above 20 mg/L, more Ala transformed to Alb and Alc.	Alanine	36-39	albumin	Homo sapiens	55-58
32666018-7	2020	M-PTH/PTHrP exhibited low solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH; however, replacement of Leu18, Phe22, and His26 with the less hydrophobic residues, Ala, Ala, and Lys, at those respective positions markedly improved solubility while maintaining bioactivity.	Alanine	157-160	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	2-5
32456215-6	2020	Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-kappaB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by PRMT5.	Alanine	32-39	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	50-55
32456215-6	2020	Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-kappaB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by PRMT5.	Alanine	32-39	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	134-143
32456215-6	2020	Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-kappaB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by PRMT5.	Alanine	32-39	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	175-180
32456215-6	2020	Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-kappaB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by PRMT5.	Alanine	32-39	protein arginine methyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	175-180
32159413-9	2020	Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38alpha, and JNKs.	Alanine	84-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-119
32343134-4	2020	We studied the interactions between the ET-1(8-21) peptide and ETB in the ligand binding and activation of ETB using a series of Ala-substituted ET-1(8-21) analogues and the mutated ETB.	Alanine	129-132	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
31962151-8	2020	Furthermore, the alanine residue regulated hetero-oligomer formation of syndecan-3, and hetero-oligomer formation significantly reduced syndecan-3-mediated neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells.	Alanine	17-24	syndecan 3	Homo sapiens	72-82
31962151-8	2020	Furthermore, the alanine residue regulated hetero-oligomer formation of syndecan-3, and hetero-oligomer formation significantly reduced syndecan-3-mediated neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells.	Alanine	17-24	syndecan 3	Homo sapiens	136-146
32159413-9	2020	Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38alpha, and JNKs.	Alanine	84-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
32159413-9	2020	Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38alpha, and JNKs.	Alanine	84-91	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
32159413-9	2020	Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38alpha, and JNKs.	Alanine	84-91	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	159-164
32159413-9	2020	Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38alpha, and JNKs.	Alanine	84-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	166-174
32014252-4	2020	Two new blaNDM-1 alleles that have polymorphisms in the signal peptide; NDM-1(P9R), a proline to arginine substitution, and NDM-2, a proline to alanine substitution (P28A) were studied.	Alanine	144-151	Beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	11-16
32029277-5	2020	Inhibition of intracellular aminopeptidases by Bestatin methyl ester (Bes-ME) decreased leucine and alanine aminopeptidase activity, and impaired proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.	Alanine	100-107	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	28-42
32007273-4	2020	We show here that rat LGP85 is polyubiquitinated at the N-terminal short cytoplasmic domain that comprises of only three amino acid residues, alanine, arginine, and cysteine.	Alanine	142-149	scavenger receptor class B, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
32060497-10	2020	Baseline lactate and alanine were associated with baseline and 1-y changes of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.	Alanine	21-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
31880002-11	2020	HMW APN was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose (R = .350, P = .016), alanine aminotransferase (R = -.321, P = .029), and aspartate aminotransferase (R = -.295, P = .045).	Alanine	87-94	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	4-7
33062177-2	2020	The key binding and functional determinant of AGRP, an MC3R and MC4R antagonist, is an Arg-Phe-Phe tripeptide sequence located on an exposed hexapeptide (Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe) loop.	Alanine	170-173	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	46-50
32059997-1	2020	The inappropriate over-activation of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)-STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)-sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) phosphorylation cascade increases sodium reabsorption in distal kidney nephrons, resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension.	Alanine	96-103	serine/threonine kinase 24	Mus musculus	69-74
32029481-7	2020	Methionine and alanine, compounds produced in BCAA metabolism and fatty acids, also preceded IA at different time points.	Alanine	15-22	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	46-50
32180149-15	2020	The expression of Nrf-2 protein in hirudin groups was higher than that of HG group (P<0.01), lower than that of ALA group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).	Alanine	112-115	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
32132204-6	2020	Substitution to helix-enhancing alanine at either of these positions dramatically enhances phase separation in vitro and decreases fluidity of phase-separated TDP-43 reporter compartments in cells.	Alanine	32-39	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	159-165
32296771-4	2020	Alanine-substitution revealed that a serine cluster at the distal end of the H4R C-terminal tail is essential for the recruitment of beta-arrestin1/2, and consequently, receptor internalization and desensitization of G protein-driven extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and label-free cellular impedance.	Alanine	0-7	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-149
32296771-4	2020	Alanine-substitution revealed that a serine cluster at the distal end of the H4R C-terminal tail is essential for the recruitment of beta-arrestin1/2, and consequently, receptor internalization and desensitization of G protein-driven extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and label-free cellular impedance.	Alanine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	273-280
32296771-5	2020	In contrast, alanine substitution of serines and threonines in the intracellular loop 3 of the H4R did not affect beta-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor desensitization, but reduced beta-arrestin1 recruitment and internalization.	Alanine	13-20	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	183-197
31948748-5	2020	The ABCB5/STAT1 high-expressing clones showed higher cellular levels of Ala, Glu, and Asp and lower cellular levels of Phe, Trp, Leu, Ile, Gly, Met, Tyr, Val, and His compared to the ABCB5/STAT1 low-expressing clones.	Alanine	72-75	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 5	Mus musculus	4-9
31851823-2	2020	Here, we describe the combined application of alanine-scanning mutagenesis, fragment screening, and FTMap computational hot spot mapping to evaluate the energetics and druggability of the highly charged PPI interface between Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), an important drug target.	Alanine	46-53	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	225-260
31759980-9	2020	The higher level of serum alanine aminotransferase was observed in Glt25d1+/- mice.	Alanine	26-33	collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	67-74
31851823-4	2020	Only two of these are exploited by Nrf2, which alanine scanning of both proteins shows to bind primarily through E79 and E82 interacting with KEAP1 residues S363, R380, R415, R483, and S508.	Alanine	47-54	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
32033033-1	2020	WNT5A is a well-known mediator of melanoma cell invasion and metastasis via its ability to activate protein kinase C (PKC), which is monitored by phosphorylation of the endogenous PKC substrate myristoylated alanine-rich c-kinase substrate (MARCKS).	Alanine	208-215	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	0-5
31851823-4	2020	Only two of these are exploited by Nrf2, which alanine scanning of both proteins shows to bind primarily through E79 and E82 interacting with KEAP1 residues S363, R380, R415, R483, and S508.	Alanine	47-54	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
31902729-5	2020	The genetic change is a point mutation in which another H2AX amino acid residue important in the DDR, tyrosine 142 (Y142), is converted to alanine (H2ax-Y142A).	Alanine	139-146	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	56-60
31902729-5	2020	The genetic change is a point mutation in which another H2AX amino acid residue important in the DDR, tyrosine 142 (Y142), is converted to alanine (H2ax-Y142A).	Alanine	139-146	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	148-152
32256297-4	2020	Exomic sequencing identified the c.20_22dupCGG (NM_002745.4) variant in the remaining MAPK1 gene of the patient, which adds 1 alanine to the polyalanine amino-terminal tract of the protein (p.Ala7dup).	Alanine	126-133	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
31675465-6	2020	The identified residues were replaced into alanine residues to identify their role in FIXa and VWF interaction.	Alanine	43-50	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	95-98
31675465-10	2020	Substitution into alanine of the also surface-exposed V2125, which is spatially next to F2127, affected only VWF binding.	Alanine	18-25	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
31929880-5	2020	Age was significantly lower and serum alanine aminotransferase level was significantly higher in the IFN group than in both the DAA and non-treatment groups.	Alanine	38-45	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
32010304-4	2020	BS significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increases in serum aspartate (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in addition to restoring total bilirubin, triglyceride and albumin levels.	Alanine	81-88	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
31741196-7	2020	Both LA and ALA protected against LPS-induced increases in NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha when used before LPS exposure.	Alanine	12-15	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	63-67
31741196-7	2020	Both LA and ALA protected against LPS-induced increases in NO, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha when used before LPS exposure.	Alanine	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-89
32098913-8	2020	We further identified Ser15, Thr18 and Ser20 of p53 are critical to the beta-actin: p53 interaction, which upon mutation into alanine abrogates the binding.	Alanine	126-133	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	48-51
31936855-6	2020	This PKC- and PIP2-mediated gating mechanism is regulated by the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase (MARCKS) and is coupled to store depletion by TRPC1-STIM1 interactions which induce Gq/PLCbeta1 activity.	Alanine	100-107	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	174-179
32098913-8	2020	We further identified Ser15, Thr18 and Ser20 of p53 are critical to the beta-actin: p53 interaction, which upon mutation into alanine abrogates the binding.	Alanine	126-133	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	84-87
31949468-9	2019	The injection of CCl4 to the rats induced various alterations such as the increase of relative liver weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, triglycerides, very low-density lipoproteins, total cholesterol (slight increase), creatinine, urea, uric acid, and malondialdehyde.	Alanine	137-144	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
31881714-4	2019	RESULTS: In total, 27 studies that referred to PPARs in elite athletes were included, where the Ala allele in PPARG rs1801282 was associated with strength and power elite athlete status in comparison to subelite athlete status.	Alanine	96-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	110-115
31878075-4	2019	By comparing the kinetics of folding of the wild-type protein to that of a site-directed variant of C-SH2 in which the proline was replaced with an alanine, we demonstrate that this intermediate is dictated by the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerization.	Alanine	148-155	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
31799558-5	2019	Therefore, we investigate the effect of glycine, alanine, proline and arginine on the stability of a model globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon thermal and urea-induced unfolding.	Alanine	49-56	albumin	Homo sapiens	131-144
31699650-5	2019	At DOL 20, aldh5a1-/- mice had elevated C6 dicarboxylic (adipic acid) and C14 carnitines and threonine, combined with a significantly elevated ratio of threonine/[aspartic acid + alanine], in comparison to aldh5a1+/+ mice.	Alanine	179-186	aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	11-18
31851938-4	2019	Sirt6+/- results in significantly reduced PPARalpha-induced beta-oxidation and its metabolites and reduced alanine and lactate levels, while inducing pyruvate oxidation.	Alanine	107-114	sirtuin 6	Mus musculus	0-5
31668005-6	2019	MS-275 dramatically reduces sarcoma metastasis in vivo, but an MS-275-resistant YB-1K81-to-alanine mutant restores metastatic capacity and NRF2, HIF1alpha, and G3BP1 synthesis in MS-275-treated mice.	Alanine	91-98	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	139-143
31461344-9	2019	Mutating serine 528 of TMEM16A to an alanine led to a similar inhibition of TMEM16A rundown to that exerted by either one of the two CaMKII inhibitors tested, which was not observed for three putative CaMKII consensus sites for phosphorylation (T273, T622, and S730).	Alanine	37-44	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	23-30
31461344-9	2019	Mutating serine 528 of TMEM16A to an alanine led to a similar inhibition of TMEM16A rundown to that exerted by either one of the two CaMKII inhibitors tested, which was not observed for three putative CaMKII consensus sites for phosphorylation (T273, T622, and S730).	Alanine	37-44	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	76-83
31502405-1	2019	HLA-A*11:01:46 has one synonymous nucleotide change from HLA-A*11:01:01:01 at nucleotide 807 (codon 245 Alanine).	Alanine	104-111	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	0-5
31502405-1	2019	HLA-A*11:01:46 has one synonymous nucleotide change from HLA-A*11:01:01:01 at nucleotide 807 (codon 245 Alanine).	Alanine	104-111	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	57-62
31894111-3	2019	Computational alanine scanning identifies two hotspot regions at the crystal complex interface of BMP2 with its type-IA receptor; promising one is stripped from the interface to derive a linear self-inhibitory peptide RPS2[r78-94] that covers residues 78-94 of the receptor protein.	Alanine	14-21	ribosomal protein S2	Homo sapiens	218-222
31781112-4	2019	Binding assays using recombinant rSP-A expressed in insect cells showed that lack of proline hydroxylation, truncations of amino-terminal oligomerization domains, and site-directed serine (S) or alanine (A) mutagenesis of cysteine 6 (C6S), glutamate 195 (E195A), and glutamate 171 (E171A) in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) all impaired SP-A binding.	Alanine	195-202	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
31344440-5	2019	Further investigation of such interaction using mutational analyses revealed that mutating the alanine residue at 175 residue of beta-arrestin2 to phenylalanine impairs interaction with PSD-95.	Alanine	95-102	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	129-143
31400571-4	2019	Further, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicking peptides have been successfully tethered onto poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL):gelatin:(gelatin-methacryloyl) (GelMA)(1:0.5:0.5) NMs through photocrosslinking of the methacrylic group in GelMA and octenyl alanine (OCTAL) in the modified peptides.	Alanine	305-312	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	48-82
31400571-4	2019	Further, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicking peptides have been successfully tethered onto poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL):gelatin:(gelatin-methacryloyl) (GelMA)(1:0.5:0.5) NMs through photocrosslinking of the methacrylic group in GelMA and octenyl alanine (OCTAL) in the modified peptides.	Alanine	305-312	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	84-88
31268744-3	2019	Here, we show that single Ala and Leu substitutions of H-pocket hMRP1-Met1093 have no effect on LTC4 binding or transport.	Alanine	26-29	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
31487670-6	2019	CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that minor allele of rs3834458 in FADS2 may result in lower activity of delta-6 desaturase leading to higher ALA and lower EPA, DPA and DHA in blood.	Alanine	150-153	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
31487670-6	2019	CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that minor allele of rs3834458 in FADS2 may result in lower activity of delta-6 desaturase leading to higher ALA and lower EPA, DPA and DHA in blood.	Alanine	150-153	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	113-131
31649296-8	2019	Substitutions of the residues by alanine or serine corroborated that the information determining the intracellular retention is present within amino acid sequence 138-168 of TMC1 N-terminus.	Alanine	33-40	transmembrane channel like 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
31395339-8	2019	When T669 of EGFR was mutated to alanine, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of EGFR was eradicated.	Alanine	33-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	13-17
31395339-8	2019	When T669 of EGFR was mutated to alanine, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of EGFR was eradicated.	Alanine	33-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	95-99
31591285-2	2019	L-alanine is anabolized by three L-alanine synthesizing enzymes and catabolized by two racemases and D-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA).	Alanine	0-9	D-amino acid dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	101-127
31591285-2	2019	L-alanine is anabolized by three L-alanine synthesizing enzymes and catabolized by two racemases and D-amino acid dehydrogenase (DadA).	Alanine	0-9	D-amino acid dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	129-133
31591285-9	2019	Consistent with this, the intracellular level of alanine in the alaE-mutant was much higher than that in MG1655 and the dadA-mutant.	Alanine	49-56	D-amino acid dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	120-124
31268744-6	2019	Unlike organic anion transport, hMRP1-mediated drug resistance was more diminished by Ala than Leu substitution of Met1093.	Alanine	86-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
31383768-6	2019	An AC6-N mutant, AC6-N-3A, in which three consecutive arginine residues are mutated to alanine residues, altered both binding to 4.1G-FERM and its plasma membrane distribution in vivo.	Alanine	87-94	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 2	Homo sapiens	129-138
31998464-9	2019	Treatment of CCl4-exposed rats with all doses of FPH significantly lowered serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).	Alanine	118-125	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
30789107-7	2019	Serum cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) concentration and gene expression of cPLA2, Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2 and peptide transporter 1 in jejunum were increased by feeding Ala-Gln diets relative to control diet (P < 0.05).	Alanine	207-210	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	148-169
31635840-4	2019	The results showed that after intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 solution, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Albumin (ALB) in peripheral blood of experimental canines confirmed the correct induction of acute liver injury.	Alanine	122-129	C-C motif chemokine 4	Canis lupus familiaris	59-63
31599264-6	2019	His serum Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) level was very high with elevated serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) enzyme and prothrombin time.	Alanine	75-82	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	10-28
31599264-6	2019	His serum Alpha-Feto Protein (AFP) level was very high with elevated serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) enzyme and prothrombin time.	Alanine	75-82	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	30-33
31475275-2	2019	In an attempt to understand the impact of the coordination of Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) on the biological activity of calcitermin, we mutated each of the histidines with an alanine and studied the thermodynamics, binding mode and antimicrobial activity of wild type calcitermin and its H9A, H11A and H13A mutants and their Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) complexes.	Alanine	165-172	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	110-121
31549019-2	2019	One of the putative alanine aminotransferases genes, At3g08860, was attributed the function of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase/beta-alanine:pyruvate aminotransferase based on the analysis of gene expression networks and homology to other beta-alanine aminotransferases in plants.	Alanine	20-27	alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-130
31173968-2	2019	This regulation is based on inhibition of translation of the virally-encoded EBNA1 mRNA, and involves the interaction of host protein nucleolin (NCL) with G-quadruplex (G4) structures that form in the glycine-alanine repeat (GAr)-encoding sequence of the EBNA1 mRNA.	Alanine	209-216	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	77-82
31351147-14	2019	Alanine substitution of the Spa2 phosphorylation sites targeted by Gpa1/Fus3 lead to a dramatic defect in pheromone gradient sensing and zygote formation.	Alanine	0-7	Spa2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
31292211-8	2019	Ectopic overexpression of sleep-promoting neuropeptides coded by flp-13 and flp-24, released from the ALA, reduced cAMP in the DVA and RIFs, respectively.	Alanine	102-105	VPSAGDMMVRF-amide	Caenorhabditis elegans	76-82
31280959-13	2019	AARS2 encodes mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase, which attaches alanine onto tRNA-ala. AARS2 mutations were previously reported in female leukodystrophy patients with POI.	Alanine	67-74	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-5
31280959-13	2019	AARS2 encodes mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase, which attaches alanine onto tRNA-ala. AARS2 mutations were previously reported in female leukodystrophy patients with POI.	Alanine	67-74	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	90-95
30910408-7	2019	Also, an HDAC5 mutant whose serine 259 and 488 were replaced by alanine (HDAC5AA) to prevent phosphorylation and nuclear export showed a predominantly cytoplasmic localization, suggesting that HDAC5 resides mostly in the cytoplasm in RGCs.	Alanine	64-71	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	9-14
31125187-10	2019	Replacing the basic residues with alanine prevented the interaction of mouse FXI with blood vessels, whereas introducing the basic residues into human FXI allowed it to bind to blood vessels.	Alanine	34-41	coagulation factor XI	Mus musculus	77-80
31453808-3	2019	Towards understanding the functions and transport of Dbp5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alanine scanning mutagenesis was used to generate point mutants at all possible residues within a GFP-Dbp5 reporter.	Alanine	87-94	ATP-dependent RNA helicase DBP5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
31140988-6	2019	Substituting C2230 with alanine (CSPG4) still permits assembly of the signaling complex, however Src remains in an inactive state.	Alanine	24-31	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
31328154-0	2019	LKB1 specifies neural crest cell fates through pyruvate-alanine cycling.	Alanine	56-63	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	0-4
31160337-8	2019	Substituting these two residues with Ala reduced CSD"s RNA-binding activity and abrogated the splicing activation of YB-1 targets.	Alanine	37-40	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
31054283-7	2019	The N-acetylation or C-amidation of sialorphin or its alanine scan analogues resulted in decreased or abolished anti-proliferative activity of the NEP inhibitors towards the CRC cells.	Alanine	54-61	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	147-150
31311004-5	2019	When steady state was reached, insulin-stimulated mice were rapidly infused with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate for real-time tracking of the dynamic distribution of metabolic derivatives from pyruvate, such as [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]alanine and [13C]bicarbonate.	Alanine	234-241	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
31163284-8	2019	Furthermore, both in co-cultured 3T3 fibroblasts and CAFs, a reduction in the expression of a-SMA and FAP was observed after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	125-128	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	92-97
31592145-7	2019	We found 0.5 mmol/L of ALA and 3 J/cm2 of red light did not affect the vitality of cells, and could reduce UVB induced apoptosis, accelerate the clearance of CPDs, inhibit proliferation and activate p53.	Alanine	23-26	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	199-202
31306849-6	2019	Proline to alanine mutations at the PRR compromised GRP78 expression level on the cell surface as evidenced by purification of biotinylated cell surface proteins.	Alanine	11-18	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
31306849-6	2019	Proline to alanine mutations at the PRR compromised GRP78 expression level on the cell surface as evidenced by purification of biotinylated cell surface proteins.	Alanine	11-18	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	52-57
30910408-7	2019	Also, an HDAC5 mutant whose serine 259 and 488 were replaced by alanine (HDAC5AA) to prevent phosphorylation and nuclear export showed a predominantly cytoplasmic localization, suggesting that HDAC5 resides mostly in the cytoplasm in RGCs.	Alanine	64-71	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	73-78
30448992-5	2019	RESULTS: Circulating SELENOP levels were associated with 24 out of 572 metabolites after accounting for the number of independent dimensions in the metabolomics data, including inverse associations with alanine, glutamate, leucine, isoleucine and valine, an unknown compound X-12063, urate and the peptides gamma-glutamyl-leucine, and N-acetylcarnosine.	Alanine	203-210	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	21-28
31004725-10	2019	It also increased alanine and decreased glucose levels in liver tissue and decreased both of them in serum and urine, which were dysregulated by CCl4 treatment.	Alanine	18-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
30873692-3	2019	Multi-microsecond-length MD simulations of the CGGC, CGAC, and CAGC cyclic peptides show that CGGC rings readily exchange between several conformations over the course of the simulation, but steric interactions with the methyl group of Ala limit the conformation space available to the cyclic peptide, especially for CGAC.	Alanine	236-239	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	63-67
31074700-1	2019	The Ala allele of PPARG Pro12Ala ( rs1801282 ) is associated with greater improvements to the glucose metabolism in exercise studies, but whether this extends to peripheral insulin sensitivity is unknown.	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-23
30676230-6	2019	Further, transient expression of soybean PBS1 derivatives containing a five-alanine insertion at their AvrPphB cleavage sites activated cell death in soybean protoplasts, demonstrating that soybean likely contains an AvrPphB-specific resistance protein that is activated by a conformational change in soybean PBS1 proteins.	Alanine	76-83	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
30676230-6	2019	Further, transient expression of soybean PBS1 derivatives containing a five-alanine insertion at their AvrPphB cleavage sites activated cell death in soybean protoplasts, demonstrating that soybean likely contains an AvrPphB-specific resistance protein that is activated by a conformational change in soybean PBS1 proteins.	Alanine	76-83	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	309-313
31074700-7	2019	However, Ala carriers had a 1.13-fold (95% confidence interval 1.01; 1.26, P = 0.032) greater improvement in insulin sensitivity from baseline compared with Pro homozygotes.	Alanine	9-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
31097749-0	2019	Structural and dynamic studies reveal that the Ala-rich region of ataxin-7 initiates alpha-helix formation of the polyQ tract but suppresses its aggregation.	Alanine	47-50	ataxin 7	Homo sapiens	66-74
31123339-4	2019	Epitope mapping by alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that 4R34.1.19 mainly bound to IL-4 binding sites on IL-4Ralpha with different epitopes from those of dupilumab analogue.	Alanine	19-26	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
30948508-7	2019	NACA Ser/Thr-to-alanine variants displayed increased nuclear localization, and NACA dephosphorylation was associated with specific recruitment of novel NACA interactants, such as basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) and its homolog BTF3L4.	Alanine	16-23	nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
30837270-7	2019	We extended this analysis to demonstrate altered complex formation with and loss of function of TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43), which we show interacts with alanine-expanded but not WT PABPN1.	Alanine	162-169	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	96-102
30837270-7	2019	We extended this analysis to demonstrate altered complex formation with and loss of function of TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43), which we show interacts with alanine-expanded but not WT PABPN1.	Alanine	162-169	TAR DNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	104-130
30931505-3	2019	The sensitivity, limit of detection, and time constant for L-alanine were calculated as 0.028 Hz/muM, 60.9 muM, and 36.2 s, respectively.	Alanine	59-68	latexin	Homo sapiens	107-110
32257880-6	2020	The results showed that administration of LDAC by oral gavage significantly reduced the absolute weight of the liver and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCl4-treated rats.	Alanine	141-148	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	212-216
30872361-3	2019	We investigated the impact of wild-type (WT) and knock-in Cx43 with serine to alanine mutations at the protein kinase C (PKC) site Cx43S368A, the casein kinase 1 (CK1) sites Cx43S325A/328Y/330A, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) sites Cx43S255/262/279/282A (MK4) on a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) stroke model.	Alanine	78-85	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	58-62
30931505-3	2019	The sensitivity, limit of detection, and time constant for L-alanine were calculated as 0.028 Hz/muM, 60.9 muM, and 36.2 s, respectively.	Alanine	59-68	latexin	Homo sapiens	97-100
30685894-5	2019	Using this system, we identified a set of critical Cys sites in BRI1, as substitution of these Cys residues with alanine residues greatly compromised the function of BRI1.	Alanine	113-120	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-68
30685894-5	2019	Using this system, we identified a set of critical Cys sites in BRI1, as substitution of these Cys residues with alanine residues greatly compromised the function of BRI1.	Alanine	113-120	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	166-170
30804042-4	2019	Mutation of either Y352 or F347 to alanine abrogated the association of NKAP with HDAC3, but did not alter NKAP localization or expression.	Alanine	35-42	NFKB activating protein	Mus musculus	72-76
30759340-4	2019	Docking studies revealed that BAP2 and analogues bind to His256 in the b" domain of PDI, and mutation of His256 to Ala abolishes BAP2 analogue activity.	Alanine	115-118	BAR/IMD domain containing adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
30970242-4	2019	Conversely, alpha1 or alpha6 obstruction and alanine mutagenesis scanning implicate these helices early in BAX activation.	Alanine	45-52	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	107-110
30379418-6	2019	[-1A]TIMP-3 has an extra alanine at the N-terminus that selectively inhibits ADAMTS but not MMPs.	Alanine	25-32	a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1	Mus musculus	77-83
30320908-4	2019	We observed an increase in aspartate and alanine, together with a decrease in arginine levels, on overexpression of NSD3s or Pdp3, suggesting an increase in the rate of glutaminolysis.	Alanine	41-48	Pdp3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	125-129
30925276-7	2019	Western blot analysis showed that ALA-PDT induces LC3II and p62 expression, along with the up regulation of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3.	Alanine	34-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	108-117
30925276-7	2019	Western blot analysis showed that ALA-PDT induces LC3II and p62 expression, along with the up regulation of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3.	Alanine	34-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	130-139
30759340-4	2019	Docking studies revealed that BAP2 and analogues bind to His256 in the b" domain of PDI, and mutation of His256 to Ala abolishes BAP2 analogue activity.	Alanine	115-118	BAR/IMD domain containing adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
30715449-5	2019	Our approach enabled rapid (8 hours) mutagenesis and automated cloning of 50 position-specific alanine mutants for mapping of a scFv antibody paratope.	Alanine	95-102	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	128-132
30867408-7	2019	Interestingly, replacing D324 with alanine (A) in RIPK1 results in midgestation lethality, similar to the embryonic defect in FADD-/- mice but in stark contrast to the normal embryogenesis of RIPK1-/- null mutant mice.	Alanine	35-42	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	50-55
30867408-7	2019	Interestingly, replacing D324 with alanine (A) in RIPK1 results in midgestation lethality, similar to the embryonic defect in FADD-/- mice but in stark contrast to the normal embryogenesis of RIPK1-/- null mutant mice.	Alanine	35-42	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	192-197
30626666-8	2019	The alanine-rich domain (ARD) of RBM24 and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of Pol are essential for binding between RBM24 and Pol.	Alanine	4-11	RNA binding motif protein 24	Homo sapiens	33-38
30626666-8	2019	The alanine-rich domain (ARD) of RBM24 and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of Pol are essential for binding between RBM24 and Pol.	Alanine	4-11	RNA binding motif protein 24	Homo sapiens	122-127
30696704-5	2019	Kinase-inactivating alanine substitutions for the invariant lysine in subdomain II or the aspartate in the DYG-loop of GC-A and GC-B failed to decrease enzyme phosphate content, consistent with the PKDs lacking kinase activity.	Alanine	20-27	grancalcin	Homo sapiens	119-123
30801688-4	2019	Alanine mutations of evolutionarily conserved residues were characterized using receptor internalization, beta-arrestin pull-down, Akt phosphorylation and cell migration assay.	Alanine	0-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
30609554-7	2019	For quantitative analysis of D,L-alanine, a good linearity was established in the range of 9.4 muM to 1.5 mM (r2 = 0.997) with the limits of detection (LODs) 3.7 muM of D-alanine, 2.0 muM for L-alanine, and limits of quantification (LOQs) 9.0 muM for D-alanine and 6.0 muM for L-alanine.	Alanine	31-40	latexin	Homo sapiens	95-98
30609554-7	2019	For quantitative analysis of D,L-alanine, a good linearity was established in the range of 9.4 muM to 1.5 mM (r2 = 0.997) with the limits of detection (LODs) 3.7 muM of D-alanine, 2.0 muM for L-alanine, and limits of quantification (LOQs) 9.0 muM for D-alanine and 6.0 muM for L-alanine.	Alanine	31-40	latexin	Homo sapiens	162-165
30609554-7	2019	For quantitative analysis of D,L-alanine, a good linearity was established in the range of 9.4 muM to 1.5 mM (r2 = 0.997) with the limits of detection (LODs) 3.7 muM of D-alanine, 2.0 muM for L-alanine, and limits of quantification (LOQs) 9.0 muM for D-alanine and 6.0 muM for L-alanine.	Alanine	31-40	latexin	Homo sapiens	162-165
30609554-7	2019	For quantitative analysis of D,L-alanine, a good linearity was established in the range of 9.4 muM to 1.5 mM (r2 = 0.997) with the limits of detection (LODs) 3.7 muM of D-alanine, 2.0 muM for L-alanine, and limits of quantification (LOQs) 9.0 muM for D-alanine and 6.0 muM for L-alanine.	Alanine	31-40	latexin	Homo sapiens	162-165
30609554-7	2019	For quantitative analysis of D,L-alanine, a good linearity was established in the range of 9.4 muM to 1.5 mM (r2 = 0.997) with the limits of detection (LODs) 3.7 muM of D-alanine, 2.0 muM for L-alanine, and limits of quantification (LOQs) 9.0 muM for D-alanine and 6.0 muM for L-alanine.	Alanine	31-40	latexin	Homo sapiens	162-165
30694660-6	2019	To this end, we studied the impact of widely used histidine to alanine mutations in amyloid-beta (Abeta).	Alanine	63-70	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	84-96
30694660-6	2019	To this end, we studied the impact of widely used histidine to alanine mutations in amyloid-beta (Abeta).	Alanine	63-70	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	98-103
30694660-7	2019	We found that the secondary and tertiary contacts, salt bridge formations, and thermodynamic properties, as well as disorder propensities and aggregation predisposition of Abeta, are impacted by the single and triple point histidine to alanine mutations.	Alanine	236-243	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	172-177
30572191-6	2019	Obtained results showed that the UA could increase amount of doxorubicin (Dox) entering the cell to accumulate in nuclei, decrease the efflux ratio of digoxin comparable to the effects of the known inhibitor verapamil by acting as a P-gp substrate, decrease the content of intracellular alanine, lactate, pyruvate, glucose, alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, serine, and glycine.	Alanine	287-294	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	233-237
30555000-3	2019	This axon-dendrite fasciculation is mediated by a previously uncharacterized adhesive signaling by the ALA membrane signal SAX-7/L1CAM and the PVD receptor SAX-3/Robo but independent of Slit.	Alanine	103-106	Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	123-128
32219215-9	2019	These data were combined with previously published alanine scanning mutagenesis of ECL2 and ECL3 and the new structural information to provide a comprehensive 3D map of the molecular surface of the CTR that controls binding and signaling of distinct CT and related peptides.	Alanine	51-58	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	198-201
30425098-0	2019	Desensitizing plant EPSP synthase to glyphosate: Optimized global sequence context accommodates a glycine-to-alanine change in the active site.	Alanine	109-116	3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase 2	Zea mays	20-33
30425098-3	2019	In the sequence context of plant EPSPSs, alanine in place of glycine at the equivalent position interferes with the binding of both glyphosate and PEP.	Alanine	41-48	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	147-150
30439382-3	2019	The aim of this study was to generate a novel long-acting IFNalpha with the help of PASylation technology that adds a polypeptide comprising Proline, Alanine and Serine (PAS) to increase plasma half-life.	Alanine	150-157	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
30071192-6	2019	Mutation of eleven residues to alanine caused partial or nearly complete inhibition of transport; notably, mutation of residues L432, T433, I436, N437, R440 and K443 demonstrated these residues had critical roles in NHE1 function independent of effects on targeting or expression.	Alanine	31-38	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	216-220
30663574-13	2019	Therefore, these conjugates linked by alanine could suppress cancer cell growth by inhibiting Top I and protein phosphatase simultaneously, which makes it much valuable as a novel bi-functional target drug candidate to develop in vivo.	Alanine	38-45	DNA topoisomerase I	Homo sapiens	94-99
31061322-9	2019	Alanine replacement at this position resulted in reduction of the STAT3 dimer formation in the gel retardation assay.	Alanine	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Alanine	180-187	glucagon	Homo sapiens	100-124
29672839-4	2019	In endothelial cells, GTN increased PGIS S-nitrosylation and disturbed PGH2 metabolism, which were normalized by mutants of PGIS cysteine 231/441 to alanine (C231/441A).	Alanine	149-156	prostaglandin I2 synthase	Homo sapiens	124-128
30587764-9	2018	To achieve this, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis on GP2 residues.	Alanine	30-37	glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	62-65
31115373-7	2019	Results: : Amino acids (proline and phenylalanine) exposure to adipocytes significantly (P &lt;0.01) increased APN mRNA by 1.5-folds when compared to control whereas proline increased APN secretion by 10.6-folds (P &lt;0.01), phenylalanine by 12.7-folds (P &lt;0.001) and alanine by 6.3-folds (P &lt;0.01).	Alanine	42-49	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	111-114
31115373-7	2019	Results: : Amino acids (proline and phenylalanine) exposure to adipocytes significantly (P &lt;0.01) increased APN mRNA by 1.5-folds when compared to control whereas proline increased APN secretion by 10.6-folds (P &lt;0.01), phenylalanine by 12.7-folds (P &lt;0.001) and alanine by 6.3-folds (P &lt;0.01).	Alanine	42-49	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	184-187
30697628-4	2019	We found that the Ala allele of the PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism was more common in controls than IS subjects (P = 0.008, corrected for multiple testing) in the Uyghur Population.	Alanine	18-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
30381079-5	2019	METHODS: Using alanine-scan method, we identified that the amino acids at OPB C-terminal are essential to YY1 binding to AKT.	Alanine	15-22	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	106-109
30381079-5	2019	METHODS: Using alanine-scan method, we identified that the amino acids at OPB C-terminal are essential to YY1 binding to AKT.	Alanine	15-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
29985713-10	2019	In conclusion, RT reduced adiposity and modulated lipid profile, whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased adiposity and impaired lipid profile but increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in EAT.	Alanine	87-94	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	225-229
29964224-8	2018	RESULTS: mTOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin decreased the level of P-p70 S6K reduced by ALA-PDT.	Alanine	86-89	ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B	Homo sapiens	67-70
30652031-9	2018	When genotypes were combined, individuals with genotypes ProAla + AlaAla and GC + CC presented higher BMI (p=0.029) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption (p=0.045) compared to the ones with genotypes ProPro and GG, and individuals carriers of the PPARG2 Ala allele only (genotype ProAla + AlaAla and GG) had higher fat mass and systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the ones with genotypes ProPro and GG.	Alanine	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	268-274
30652031-10	2018	Conclusions: Severely obese individuals carrying the Ala allele of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphism had higher measures of adiposity and blood pressure, while no important associations were found for the IL6 -174G &gt;C polymorphism.	Alanine	53-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	71-77
29964224-0	2018	ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth by Akt-/Erk-mTOR-p70 s6k pathway in human SZ95 sebocytes in vitro.	Alanine	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
30227169-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Compared to insulin metformin caused a greater increase in serum alanine, isoleucine and lactate concentrations.	Alanine	78-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
31188078-6	2018	Results: There were significant differences between the two genotype groups of PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism, Ala carriers (Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala) versus non-Ala carriers (Pro/Pro), in terms of mean body mass index (p = 0.04) and waist circumference (p = 0.02).	Alanine	94-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	79-88
30250045-7	2018	An alanine scanning assay of the epitope showed that SKM9-2 bound to a simple epitope in HEG1, and the SKxPSxVS sequence within the epitope was essential for SKM9-2 recognition.	Alanine	3-10	heart development protein with EGF like domains 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
30282042-9	2018	Alanine-mutagenesis identified Y652 is the most important residue for strychnine and brucine binding to hERG channel.	Alanine	0-7	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	104-108
30282806-5	2018	Here, we assessed the effects of defined MOG1 deletions and alanine-scanning substitutions on MOG1"s interaction with Nav1.5.	Alanine	60-67	RAN guanine nucleotide release factor	Homo sapiens	94-98
30463177-6	2018	Moreover, through per-residue free energy decomposition and in silico alanine scanning analysis, hotspot residues between GluN2B-CT1290-1310 and DAPK1 interface were identified.	Alanine	70-77	death associated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
30201683-5	2018	In this study, we found a novel Foxo1 regulatory mechanism by glucagon, which promotes Foxo1 nuclear translocation and stability via cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser276 Replacing Foxo1-S276 with alanine (A) or aspartate (D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively, markedly regulates Foxo1 stability and nuclear localization in human hepatocytes.	Alanine	231-238	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	32-37
30201683-5	2018	In this study, we found a novel Foxo1 regulatory mechanism by glucagon, which promotes Foxo1 nuclear translocation and stability via cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser276 Replacing Foxo1-S276 with alanine (A) or aspartate (D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively, markedly regulates Foxo1 stability and nuclear localization in human hepatocytes.	Alanine	231-238	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	87-92
30201683-5	2018	In this study, we found a novel Foxo1 regulatory mechanism by glucagon, which promotes Foxo1 nuclear translocation and stability via cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser276 Replacing Foxo1-S276 with alanine (A) or aspartate (D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively, markedly regulates Foxo1 stability and nuclear localization in human hepatocytes.	Alanine	231-238	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	87-92
30201683-5	2018	In this study, we found a novel Foxo1 regulatory mechanism by glucagon, which promotes Foxo1 nuclear translocation and stability via cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser276 Replacing Foxo1-S276 with alanine (A) or aspartate (D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively, markedly regulates Foxo1 stability and nuclear localization in human hepatocytes.	Alanine	231-238	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	87-92
30201683-5	2018	In this study, we found a novel Foxo1 regulatory mechanism by glucagon, which promotes Foxo1 nuclear translocation and stability via cAMP- and protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser276 Replacing Foxo1-S276 with alanine (A) or aspartate (D) to block or mimic phosphorylation, respectively, markedly regulates Foxo1 stability and nuclear localization in human hepatocytes.	Alanine	231-238	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	87-92
30323304-4	2018	The amino acids glycine and phenylalanine and the energy metabolites citrate and glycerol were negatively associated with eGFR in all the cohorts, while alanine, valine and pyruvate depicted opposite association in diabetics (positive) and non-diabetics (negative).	Alanine	34-41	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	122-126
30254314-5	2018	In Asians, associations are driven by two independent HLA allele sets that both increase risk in HLA-DQB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0701; the latter better represented by the amino acid Ala-104.	Alanine	178-181	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	115-123
29964224-0	2018	ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth by Akt-/Erk-mTOR-p70 s6k pathway in human SZ95 sebocytes in vitro.	Alanine	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
29964224-0	2018	ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth by Akt-/Erk-mTOR-p70 s6k pathway in human SZ95 sebocytes in vitro.	Alanine	0-3	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	47-51
29964224-0	2018	ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth by Akt-/Erk-mTOR-p70 s6k pathway in human SZ95 sebocytes in vitro.	Alanine	0-3	ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B	Homo sapiens	52-55
29964224-3	2018	Our team has reported that ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 sebocytes by mTOR-p70 S6K signaling.	Alanine	27-30	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	83-87
29964224-8	2018	RESULTS: mTOR pathway inhibitor rapamycin decreased the level of P-p70 S6K reduced by ALA-PDT.	Alanine	86-89	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	9-13
30401430-6	2018	NMR studies of hydrogel PrPC reveal a distinct alpha-helical conformation for natively unfolded amino-terminal Gly and Ala residues.	Alanine	119-122	prion protein	Homo sapiens	24-28
30175684-3	2018	Indeed, numerous reporter gene assays have shown that an alanine point mutation in Ser133 reduces CREB-mediated transcription.	Alanine	57-64	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	98-102
30254314-5	2018	In Asians, associations are driven by two independent HLA allele sets that both increase risk in HLA-DQB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0701; the latter better represented by the amino acid Ala-104.	Alanine	178-181	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
30016752-2	2018	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of PDT with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) used in sub-lethal dose on the interleukins secretion (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) by the residual colon cancer cells (CCC) under hypoxia-like conditions (addition of cobalt chloride- CoCl2).	Alanine	90-93	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	154-158
30100068-5	2018	Alanine substitution at D75 blocks caspase-1-mediated RILP cleavage.	Alanine	0-7	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
29954829-5	2018	Nonphosphorylatable mutation of S51 to alanine reduces Src catalytic activity and impairs formation of actin patches, whereas expression of a phosphomimicking Src-S51D protein rescues actin patches and prevents chromatin breakage in Chk1-deficient cells.	Alanine	39-46	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	55-58
30185558-5	2018	ASCT1-KO mice display lower levels of brain d-serine along with higher levels of l-alanine, l-threonine, and glycine.	Alanine	81-90	solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	0-5
29908817-8	2018	Using wild-type protein and a double alanine mutant we demonstrated that heme binds to HlyC via histidine 151 (H151).	Alanine	37-44	hemolysin transport protein	Escherichia coli	87-91
29675945-2	2018	ALA-PDT is a first-line therapy for actinic keratosis, however, it is less effective for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).	Alanine	0-3	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
30016752-2	2018	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of PDT with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) used in sub-lethal dose on the interleukins secretion (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) by the residual colon cancer cells (CCC) under hypoxia-like conditions (addition of cobalt chloride- CoCl2).	Alanine	90-93	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	160-164
30016752-6	2018	After ALA-PDT we found no change in the IL-6 level secreted by SW480 cells, but decrease of IL-6, IL-10 secretion by SW620 cells, an increase in the IL-8 secreted by both cells lines.	Alanine	6-9	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	92-96
30016752-6	2018	After ALA-PDT we found no change in the IL-6 level secreted by SW480 cells, but decrease of IL-6, IL-10 secretion by SW620 cells, an increase in the IL-8 secreted by both cells lines.	Alanine	6-9	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	149-153
29916244-4	2018	Consistent with experiments, it is found that the Gly and Ala modifications lead to insulin dimers with reduced stability by 4 and 5 kcal/mol from thermodynamic integration and 4 and 8 kcal/mol from results using molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area, respectively.	Alanine	58-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
29899106-5	2018	(i) An alanine substitution at UL13 Ser-18 (S18A) significantly reduced HSV-2 replication and cell-to-cell spread in U2OS cells to a level similar to those of the UL13-null and kinase-dead mutations.	Alanine	7-14	involved in protein phosphorylation	Human alphaherpesvirus 2	31-35
29752565-8	2018	We showed that substitution of amino acids Gln1, Pro4 and Arg5 of sialorphin for Ala significantly reduced the half-life of Met-enkephalin in the presence of NEP.	Alanine	81-84	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	124-138
29752565-8	2018	We showed that substitution of amino acids Gln1, Pro4 and Arg5 of sialorphin for Ala significantly reduced the half-life of Met-enkephalin in the presence of NEP.	Alanine	81-84	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	158-161
29752946-10	2018	The amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, glycine and alanine induced the triglyceride accumulation and expression of Adiponectin.	Alanine	61-68	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	125-136
29752946-12	2018	TGFbeta mRNA expression showed a significant decrease with proline, alanine, glycine, lysine and isoleucine.	Alanine	68-75	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
29752946-13	2018	The Nrf2 expression was significantly increased in alanine and serine when compared to control.	Alanine	51-58	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
29752946-15	2018	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that amino acids hydroxyproline, proline, lysine, glycine and alanine which are elevated in the PDR vitreous show a tendency to induce adipogenic effects in retinal pericytes by triggering the accumulation of triglycerides and adiponectin.	Alanine	109-116	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	274-285
29749471-6	2018	Mutations in S156 and hydrophobic L213 to alanine counteracted the antiapoptotic properties of BCL2L12 and downregulated the activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugates and Beclin-1, compared with a BCL2L12 wild-type group.	Alanine	42-49	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	221-225
30036999-4	2018	Substitution of this arginine with an alanine induced changes in thermal stability and/or intrinsic fluorescence of the related HspB1 and HspB8, but yielded only modest changes in the same biophysical properties of HspB4, HspB5, and HspB6 which together belong to another clade of vertebrate sHsps.	Alanine	38-45	heat shock protein family B (small) member 8	Homo sapiens	138-143
30036999-4	2018	Substitution of this arginine with an alanine induced changes in thermal stability and/or intrinsic fluorescence of the related HspB1 and HspB8, but yielded only modest changes in the same biophysical properties of HspB4, HspB5, and HspB6 which together belong to another clade of vertebrate sHsps.	Alanine	38-45	heat shock protein family B (small) member 6	Homo sapiens	233-238
30830367-10	2018	These metabolites, mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, are implicated in insulin resistance, vascular remodeling, macrophage activation and oxidised LDL formation.	Alanine	93-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
30131371-4	2018	We showed that an alanine mutant of the highly conserved residue tyrosine 219 (Y219A) in transmembrane domain five of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) was incapable of beta-arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization, and beta-arrestin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas it retained the ability to signal through G protein.	Alanine	18-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	269-306
30131371-4	2018	We showed that an alanine mutant of the highly conserved residue tyrosine 219 (Y219A) in transmembrane domain five of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) was incapable of beta-arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization, and beta-arrestin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas it retained the ability to signal through G protein.	Alanine	18-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	308-311
30075744-11	2018	Alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism and choline-derived metabolites correlated with TNF-alpha synovial expression.	Alanine	0-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
29864719-4	2018	Within this study, a slightly modified form of GH was discovered consisting of 192 amino acids carrying an additional alanine at the N-terminus, leading to a monoisotopic mass of 22,195 Da.	Alanine	118-125	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	47-49
30038319-6	2018	We identified and validated by alanine-scanning mutagenesis the role of three functionally relevant residues: Cys2676.55, Phe1203.36 and Asp2.50.	Alanine	31-38	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
30038319-7	2018	The latter, when mutated into alanine, completely abolished the constitutive and agonist-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of GPR3 receptor by disrupting its sodium binding cavity.	Alanine	30-37	G protein-coupled receptor 3	Homo sapiens	130-134
29510260-0	2018	Influence of ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy on secretion of interleukins 6, 8 and 10 by colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	13-16	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-87
29678828-5	2018	We introduced single amino acid substitutions of proline (P) to alanine (A) in the ROR1-PRD at potential binding sites for the Src-homology 3 domain of DOCK2.	Alanine	64-71	dedicator of cyto-kinesis 2	Mus musculus	152-157
29614254-6	2018	On the other hand, exchange of the aspartic acid for alanine and then arginine resulted in an increasingly greater bias toward protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) relative to MLCP inhibition, an outcome that resulted in increased paracellular permeability for solutes in the size range of therapeutic peptides, but with a significant increase in cytotoxicity.	Alanine	53-60	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	127-148
29614254-6	2018	On the other hand, exchange of the aspartic acid for alanine and then arginine resulted in an increasingly greater bias toward protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) relative to MLCP inhibition, an outcome that resulted in increased paracellular permeability for solutes in the size range of therapeutic peptides, but with a significant increase in cytotoxicity.	Alanine	53-60	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
29990498-2	2018	Retrospective assessment of 260 de novo glioblastoma patients revealed a significant reduction in overall survival of patients having tumors with EGFR mutations at alanine 289 (EGFRA289D/T/V).	Alanine	164-171	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	146-150
29695427-7	2018	Multiple alanine substitutions within loop 1 on the capsid surface reduced TfR binding but substitutions within loop 3 did not, suggesting that loop 1 directly engaged the TfR and loop 3 sterically affected that interaction.	Alanine	9-16	transferrin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	75-78
29411870-0	2018	Specific glycine to alanine mutation eliminates dynamic interaction of polymeric GlyT1a N-terminus with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250.	Alanine	20-27	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	81-86
29510260-2	2018	The aim of our study was to investigate how photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in sublethal doses influences the secretion of interleukins 6, 8 and 10 from colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	93-96	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	149-173
29510260-5	2018	RESULTS: Sublethal ALA-PDT did not affect IL-6 secretion by SW480 cells, but caused a 40% decrease of IL-6 release by the SW620 cell line.	Alanine	19-22	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	102-106
29510260-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT in sublethal doses might influence colon cancer cell"s progression and invasion by reducing the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and increasing the IL-8 concentration with higher values in the more malignant cell line.	Alanine	13-16	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
29510260-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT in sublethal doses might influence colon cancer cell"s progression and invasion by reducing the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and increasing the IL-8 concentration with higher values in the more malignant cell line.	Alanine	13-16	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	161-165
29618650-7	2018	An alanine scan of SIVmac239 Vif revealed several residues required for human APOBEC3B degradation activity.	Alanine	3-10	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	78-86
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	U4/U6-U5 snRNP complex subunit LSM3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	104-108
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	U6 snRNA complex subunit LSM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	110-114
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	U4/U6-U5 snRNP complex subunit LSM3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	174-178
29430821-0	2018	Alanine and Lysine Scans of the LL-37-Derived Peptide Fragment KR-12 Reveal Key Residues for Antimicrobial Activity.	Alanine	0-7	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	32-37
29501199-6	2018	Comparing with free ALT in solution (Vmax of free enzyme = 0.6 mM min-1), the resultant enzyme reactor has exhibited good reusability and stability, and displayed about five times enhanced enzymolysis efficiency with L-alanine as the substrate (Vmax of enzyme reactor = 3.4 mM min-1).	Alanine	217-226	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	66-71
29501199-6	2018	Comparing with free ALT in solution (Vmax of free enzyme = 0.6 mM min-1), the resultant enzyme reactor has exhibited good reusability and stability, and displayed about five times enhanced enzymolysis efficiency with L-alanine as the substrate (Vmax of enzyme reactor = 3.4 mM min-1).	Alanine	217-226	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	277-282
29735901-4	2018	Through the study of lattice constants (a, b, and c) with pressure, we find that the incompressibility of oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs is the largest along the c-axis.	Alanine	124-128	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	120-123
29735901-5	2018	At 0 GPa, the bulk modulus B of oC12-AlAs, hP6-AlAs, and diamond-AlAs are 76 GPa, 75 GPa, and 74 Gpa, respectively, indicating that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs have a better capability of resistance to volume than diamond-AlAs.	Alanine	47-51	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	43-46
29735901-5	2018	At 0 GPa, the bulk modulus B of oC12-AlAs, hP6-AlAs, and diamond-AlAs are 76 GPa, 75 GPa, and 74 Gpa, respectively, indicating that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs have a better capability of resistance to volume than diamond-AlAs.	Alanine	47-51	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	43-46
29735901-5	2018	At 0 GPa, the bulk modulus B of oC12-AlAs, hP6-AlAs, and diamond-AlAs are 76 GPa, 75 GPa, and 74 Gpa, respectively, indicating that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs have a better capability of resistance to volume than diamond-AlAs.	Alanine	47-51	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	43-46
29735901-5	2018	At 0 GPa, the bulk modulus B of oC12-AlAs, hP6-AlAs, and diamond-AlAs are 76 GPa, 75 GPa, and 74 Gpa, respectively, indicating that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs have a better capability of resistance to volume than diamond-AlAs.	Alanine	47-51	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	43-46
29735901-6	2018	The pressure of transition from brittleness to ductility for oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs are 1.21 GPa and 2.11 GPa, respectively.	Alanine	79-83	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	75-78
29735901-7	2018	The anisotropy of Young&amp;rsquo;s modulus shows that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs have greater isotropy than diamond-AlAs.	Alanine	73-77	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	69-72
29257879-3	2018	The aim of this study was to explore the potential of replacing the disulfide bridge in chimeric AGRP-melanocortin peptide Tyr-c[Cys-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-Asn-Ala-Phe-Cys]-Tyr-NH2 (1) with 1,2,3-triazole moieties.	Alanine	155-158	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	97-101
29768206-5	2018	Alanine substitution of a unique glycine in helix alpha1 stabilizes BOK, as shown by thermal shift and urea denaturation analyses, and significantly inhibits MOMP, liposome permeabilization, and cell death.	Alanine	0-7	BCL2 family apoptosis regulator BOK	Homo sapiens	68-71
29735901-0	2018	Structural, Mechanical, Anisotropic, and Thermal Properties of AlAs in oC12 and hP6 Phases under Pressure.	Alanine	63-67	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	80-83
29735901-3	2018	The results show that oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs are mechanically stable within the considered pressure.	Alanine	40-44	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	36-39
29735901-8	2018	To obtain the thermodynamic properties of oC12-AlAs and hP6-AlAs, the sound velocities, Debye temperature, and minimum thermal conductivity at considered pressure were investigated systematically.	Alanine	60-64	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	56-59
29735901-9	2018	At ambient pressure, oC12-AlAs (463 K) and hP6-AlAs (471 K) have a higher Debye temperature than diamond-AlAs (433 K).	Alanine	47-51	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	43-46
29755574-3	2018	In the article is demonstrated that the crucial roles in BCAA metabolism play: (i) skeletal muscle as the initial site of BCAA catabolism accompanied with the release of alanine and glutamine to the blood; (ii) activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD); and (iii) amination of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) to BCAAs.	Alanine	170-177	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	57-61
29735901-10	2018	At T = 300 K, hP6-AlAs (0.822 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1) has the best thermal conductivity of the three phases, and oC12-AlAs (0.809 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1) is much close to diamond-AlAs (0.813 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1).	Alanine	18-22	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	14-17
29735901-10	2018	At T = 300 K, hP6-AlAs (0.822 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1) has the best thermal conductivity of the three phases, and oC12-AlAs (0.809 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1) is much close to diamond-AlAs (0.813 W/cm&amp;middot;K&amp;minus;1).	Alanine	125-129	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	14-17
29630634-5	2018	Alanine scanning and in silico hERG docking studies demonstrated that Y652 and F656 in the hERG S6 domain play critical roles in vandetanib binding.	Alanine	0-7	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	91-95
29369529-3	2018	In the Young Finn"s Study, BCAA and, to a lesser extent, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with insulin resistance (IR) in men but not in women, whereas the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine, glutamine, or glycine, and several other amino acids (i.e. histidine, arginine, and tryptophan) did not show an association with IR.	Alanine	88-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
29703898-4	2018	TAK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates alphaTAT1 at Ser237 to critically enhance its catalytic activity, as mutating this site to alanine abrogates, whereas a phosphomimetic induces MT hyperacetylation across cell types.	Alanine	139-146	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	48-57
29467225-5	2018	Alanine substitution or deletion of these motifs abrogated the TMEPAI complex formation with NEDD4, resulting in failed c-Maf degradation.	Alanine	0-7	prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
29467225-5	2018	Alanine substitution or deletion of these motifs abrogated the TMEPAI complex formation with NEDD4, resulting in failed c-Maf degradation.	Alanine	0-7	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	120-125
29686143-5	2018	Ca2+ is involved in the activation of glutamate decarboxylase, initiating the gamma-aminobutyric acid shunt and triggering the formation of alanine, processes which play a role, in particular, in pH regulation.	Alanine	140-147	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	38-61
28275869-1	2018	PURPOSE: The aim of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary ALA intake on the blood concentration of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults.	Alanine	98-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	170-191
29090418-3	2018	Two of its important molecular partners are the protein NFS1 (or IscS in bacteria), that is the desulfurase which converts cysteine to alanine and produces sulfur, and ISU (or IscU), the scaffold protein which transiently accepts the cluster.	Alanine	135-142	iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme	Homo sapiens	168-171
29090418-3	2018	Two of its important molecular partners are the protein NFS1 (or IscS in bacteria), that is the desulfurase which converts cysteine to alanine and produces sulfur, and ISU (or IscU), the scaffold protein which transiently accepts the cluster.	Alanine	135-142	iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme	Homo sapiens	176-180
29642420-8	2018	To achieve this balance EBNA1 has evolved a unique repeat sequence of glycines and alanines that controls its own rate of mRNA translation.	Alanine	83-91	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	24-29
29943523-11	2018	The alanine concentrations were significantly lower in the COPD group (173 muM/L) than in the control group (253 muM/L; p = 0.001).	Alanine	4-11	latexin	Homo sapiens	75-78
29943523-11	2018	The alanine concentrations were significantly lower in the COPD group (173 muM/L) than in the control group (253 muM/L; p = 0.001).	Alanine	4-11	latexin	Homo sapiens	113-116
28275869-1	2018	PURPOSE: The aim of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary ALA intake on the blood concentration of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults.	Alanine	98-101	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	241-244
28275869-1	2018	PURPOSE: The aim of the current meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of increasing dietary ALA intake on the blood concentration of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in adults.	Alanine	98-101	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	312-345
28275869-4	2018	Subgroup analysis revealed that increasing dietary ALA tends to elevate CRP concentration in healthy subjects.	Alanine	51-54	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	72-75
28275869-9	2018	However, in healthy subjects, ALA supplementation might increase CRP concentration.	Alanine	30-33	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
29339412-8	2018	Introducing a single alanine mutation in EpCAM at Tyr251 attenuated its binding to AGR2 in vitro and in cells.	Alanine	21-28	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	41-46
28393624-1	2018	Alanine is encoded by the four codons of the GC box (GCA, GCG, GCU, and GCC).	Alanine	0-7	glucagon	Homo sapiens	58-61
29414782-11	2018	Bcl-2 alanine mutants at this region could no longer interact with Nur77/Nor-1 and could not initiate Nur77/Bcl-2-mediated cell death.	Alanine	6-13	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-5
29414782-11	2018	Bcl-2 alanine mutants at this region could no longer interact with Nur77/Nor-1 and could not initiate Nur77/Bcl-2-mediated cell death.	Alanine	6-13	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
29414782-11	2018	Bcl-2 alanine mutants at this region could no longer interact with Nur77/Nor-1 and could not initiate Nur77/Bcl-2-mediated cell death.	Alanine	6-13	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
29139214-6	2018	Alanine mutation calculations and the calculated inhibitor-residue interaction spectrum prove that the current five inhibitors have obvious binding selectivity toward BD1 and BD2.	Alanine	0-7	defensin beta 1	Homo sapiens	167-170
29139214-6	2018	Alanine mutation calculations and the calculated inhibitor-residue interaction spectrum prove that the current five inhibitors have obvious binding selectivity toward BD1 and BD2.	Alanine	0-7	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	175-178
29432801-8	2018	The inhibition assay showed that glybenclamide (a K+ efflux inhibitor that blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation) and N-benzyloxycarbony-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK; a caspase-1 inhibitor) and NLRP3 depletion with siRNAs reduced the levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 release.	Alanine	140-143	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	192-201
29432801-8	2018	The inhibition assay showed that glybenclamide (a K+ efflux inhibitor that blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation) and N-benzyloxycarbony-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK; a caspase-1 inhibitor) and NLRP3 depletion with siRNAs reduced the levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 release.	Alanine	140-143	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	217-222
29432801-8	2018	The inhibition assay showed that glybenclamide (a K+ efflux inhibitor that blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation) and N-benzyloxycarbony-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK; a caspase-1 inhibitor) and NLRP3 depletion with siRNAs reduced the levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 release.	Alanine	140-143	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	267-275
29397423-8	2018	Inactivation of the putative phosphorylation sites by mutating both threonine residues to alanine (betaT613A/gammaT623A) increased ENaC-mediated amiloride-sensitive whole-cell currents (DeltaIami) and expression of betaENaC at the cell surface.	Alanine	90-97	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
29284690-12	2018	Finally, Ala mutation of PINK1 at Ser495 partially suppressed AMPKalpha2 overexpression-induced mitophagy and improvement of mitochondrial function in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes, whereas Asp (phosphorylation mimic) mutation promoted mitophagy after phenylephrine stimulation.	Alanine	9-12	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	62-72
29120856-7	2018	The variant genotype of PPARgamma CG (Pro/Ala) was associated with significantly higher levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to CC (Pro/Pro) genotype.	Alanine	42-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	24-33
29278724-6	2018	Alanine (Ala) was significantly reduced in BMD, FSHD and LGMD-2B patients as compared to control subjects.	Alanine	0-7	dysferlin	Homo sapiens	57-64
29278724-6	2018	Alanine (Ala) was significantly reduced in BMD, FSHD and LGMD-2B patients as compared to control subjects.	Alanine	0-3	dysferlin	Homo sapiens	57-64
29278724-11	2018	Concentration of Ala and His is significantly higher in patients with DMD as compared to LGMD-2B, but BCA, Glucose and Prop are significantly reduced in patients with DMD as compared to LGMD-2B.	Alanine	17-20	dysferlin	Homo sapiens	89-96
29278724-15	2018	ROC curves supported the noticeable discrimination in between the patients with DMD and FSHD for the quantity of Gln/Glu, and patients with LGMD-2B and DMD for the quantity of Ala.	Alanine	176-179	dysferlin	Homo sapiens	140-147
29237773-10	2018	Finally, alanine scanning of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of TRBV4-1 revealed two unique residues, Arg30 and Tyr51, as critical in conferring CD1c-restricted autoreactivity, thus elucidating the molecular basis of the observed V gene bias.	Alanine	9-16	T cell receptor beta variable 4-1	Homo sapiens	56-63
29309850-5	2018	The subcellular localization of cytochrome c was comparatively investigated by immunohistochemistry between pre-ALA-PDT and post- ALA-PDT.	Alanine	112-115	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	32-44
29309850-5	2018	The subcellular localization of cytochrome c was comparatively investigated by immunohistochemistry between pre-ALA-PDT and post- ALA-PDT.	Alanine	130-133	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	32-44
29309850-10	2018	Apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT involved in down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, up-regulation of Bax protein and cleaved-PARP protein.	Alanine	21-24	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	60-65
29309850-10	2018	Apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT involved in down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, up-regulation of Bax protein and cleaved-PARP protein.	Alanine	21-24	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	92-95
29309850-11	2018	It was observed that the expression of cleaved- caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 proteins in A375 cells and A431 cells gradually increased in 2 h and 4 h but decreased at 4-6 h and 6-8 h after ALA-PDT, respectively.	Alanine	195-198	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	48-57
29541369-5	2018	Notably, the Ala-linker analogues, 1a and 2v, and the Pro-based derivative 5d, all with (R)-configuration at the chiral center, had improved inhibitory activity and selectivity against STAT3 DNA-binding activity in vitro, with IC50 of 3.0 +- 0.9, 1.80 +- 0.94, and 2.4 +- 0.2 muM, respectively.	Alanine	13-16	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	185-190
29361525-7	2018	JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation.	Alanine	66-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
29361525-7	2018	JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation.	Alanine	66-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	20-25
29361525-7	2018	JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation.	Alanine	66-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	0-3
29309850-14	2018	The apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT in A375 and A431 cells was related to the caspase-dependent death-receptor pathway and Cytochrome c-dependent mitochondrial pathway.	Alanine	25-28	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	120-132
29081444-6	2018	Serine525 and Serine727 in TMEM16A were mutated to alanine, and only mutation at Ser727 (S727A) reversed the CaMKIIgamma inhibition of the TMEM16A Cl-current.	Alanine	51-58	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	27-34
29167286-5	2018	This led to the discovery of a novel PRRT2 variant, NM_001256442:exon3:c.C959T/NP_660282.2:p.A320V, altering an evolutionarily conserved alanine at the amino acid position 320 located in the M2 transmembrane region.	Alanine	137-144	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
28495271-3	2018	In this study nineteen single-alanine mutants of rainbow trout (rt) MC2R were made beginning at V153 in TM4, at all positions in EC2 (extracellular loop 2), to F175 in TM5.	Alanine	30-37	adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor	Oncorhynchus mykiss	68-72
29286920-0	2018	Resveratrol enhances the effects of ALA-PDT on skin squamous cells A431 through p38/ MAPK signaling pathway.	Alanine	36-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	80-83
29286920-9	2018	Then a p38 inhibitor was added to test the involvement of p38 pathway in A431 cells responding to ALA-PDT and Res treatments.	Alanine	98-101	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	58-61
29286920-13	2018	CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that Res could enhance the effect of ALA-PDT against skin cancer cells through p38/ MAPK pathway.	Alanine	72-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	114-117
29286308-6	2017	Versions of SELENOK containing either Ala or Cys residues in place of Sec were equivalently less effective than Sec at stabilizing the acyl-DHHC6 intermediate or promoting PAT activity.	Alanine	38-41	selenoprotein K	Mus musculus	12-19
29082609-6	2018	Here, we report computational alanine scanning calculations of all four chymosin-kappa-casein complexes, allowing us to elucidate the influence that individual residues have on binding thermodynamics.	Alanine	30-37	chymosin	Camelus bactrianus	72-80
29082609-6	2018	Here, we report computational alanine scanning calculations of all four chymosin-kappa-casein complexes, allowing us to elucidate the influence that individual residues have on binding thermodynamics.	Alanine	30-37	casein kappa	Bos taurus	81-93
29286308-6	2017	Versions of SELENOK containing either Ala or Cys residues in place of Sec were equivalently less effective than Sec at stabilizing the acyl-DHHC6 intermediate or promoting PAT activity.	Alanine	38-41	zinc finger, DHHC domain containing 6	Mus musculus	140-145
28465529-6	2017	Accordingly, we introduced single amino acid substitutions of proline (P) to alanine (A) in the ROR1 PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841 or 850 in potential SH3-binding motifs.	Alanine	77-84	receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
29190078-2	2017	The canonical peptides are Gly-His-Lys and Asp-Ala-His-Lys (from the wound healing factor and human serum albumin, respectively).	Alanine	47-50	albumin	Homo sapiens	100-113
29092397-11	2017	Furthermore, ALA inhibited the amyloidogenic pathway through the down-regulation of beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme and presenilin2.	Alanine	13-16	presenilin 2	Mus musculus	118-129
29092397-12	2017	ALA also enhanced Abeta degradation enzyme, insulin-degrading enzyme.	Alanine	0-3	insulin degrading enzyme	Mus musculus	44-68
29102635-7	2017	In vitro, replacement of tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue (Tyr163, Tyr223, Tyr381, Tyr518) in CBS with alanine (Ala, A) abolished the Hcy-mediated CBS inactivation.	Alanine	96-103	cystathionine beta synthase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
29102635-7	2017	In vitro, replacement of tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue (Tyr163, Tyr223, Tyr381, Tyr518) in CBS with alanine (Ala, A) abolished the Hcy-mediated CBS inactivation.	Alanine	96-103	cystathionine beta synthase	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
29102635-7	2017	In vitro, replacement of tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue (Tyr163, Tyr223, Tyr381, Tyr518) in CBS with alanine (Ala, A) abolished the Hcy-mediated CBS inactivation.	Alanine	105-108	cystathionine beta synthase	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
29102635-7	2017	In vitro, replacement of tyrosine (Tyr, Y) residue (Tyr163, Tyr223, Tyr381, Tyr518) in CBS with alanine (Ala, A) abolished the Hcy-mediated CBS inactivation.	Alanine	105-108	cystathionine beta synthase	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
28551094-4	2017	METHODS: We designed and generated a novel TRPV1 inhibitory peptide (TIP) which mimics the specific site in TRPV1 (aa 701-709: Gln-Arg-Ala-Ile-Thr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Thr, QRAITILDT), Thr705, and tested its efficacy of blocking UV-induced responses in HaCaT, mouse, and human skin.	Alanine	135-138	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	43-48
28811223-9	2017	RESULTS: Our study showed that ALA-PDT respectively combined with AG1478, LY294002 could synergistically reduce the growth and migration ability of the Eca-109 cells in vitro and significantly down-regulate the protein expression of EGFR/PI3K and PI3K/AKT, meanwhile, significantly down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR when combining with AG1478.	Alanine	31-34	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	233-237
28811223-9	2017	RESULTS: Our study showed that ALA-PDT respectively combined with AG1478, LY294002 could synergistically reduce the growth and migration ability of the Eca-109 cells in vitro and significantly down-regulate the protein expression of EGFR/PI3K and PI3K/AKT, meanwhile, significantly down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR when combining with AG1478.	Alanine	31-34	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	252-255
28811223-9	2017	RESULTS: Our study showed that ALA-PDT respectively combined with AG1478, LY294002 could synergistically reduce the growth and migration ability of the Eca-109 cells in vitro and significantly down-regulate the protein expression of EGFR/PI3K and PI3K/AKT, meanwhile, significantly down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR when combining with AG1478.	Alanine	31-34	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	319-323
28512780-1	2017	Novel chiral fluorescence sensors L-1 and D-1 incorporating N-Boc-protected alanine and acridine moieties were synthesized.	Alanine	76-83	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	34-65
29107294-8	2017	Antagonists of mGluR4 greatly reduced the responses to alanine and lysine.	Alanine	55-62	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA4 (alpha 4)	Mus musculus	15-21
31457247-6	2017	Key residues for the formation of the dominant binding site complex were identified by means of alanine scanning performed both for the Fab and PpL domains.	Alanine	96-103	periplakin	Homo sapiens	144-147
29145851-0	2017	ALA/LA ameliorates glucose toxicity on HK-2 cells by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis through the ROS/p38/TGF-beta1 pathway.	Alanine	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	112-115
29145851-0	2017	ALA/LA ameliorates glucose toxicity on HK-2 cells by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis through the ROS/p38/TGF-beta1 pathway.	Alanine	0-3	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	116-125
29145851-3	2017	So we aimed to establish the glucose injury model of HK-2 cells and investigate the beneficial effects of ALA/LA on high glucose-induced excessive production of TGF-beta1 and the possible mechanisms mediating the effects.	Alanine	106-109	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	161-170
29145851-8	2017	The study also found that ALA/LA caused a decrease in the apoptosis rate and TGF-beta1 level of HK-2 cells under high glucose stress through the ROS/p38 pathway.	Alanine	26-29	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-86
29145851-8	2017	The study also found that ALA/LA caused a decrease in the apoptosis rate and TGF-beta1 level of HK-2 cells under high glucose stress through the ROS/p38 pathway.	Alanine	26-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	149-152
29145851-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: ALA/LA exerts protective effects in vitro through inhibition of ROS generation, down regulation of the activation of the p38MAPK pathway and the expression of TGF-beta1 in HK-2 cells.	Alanine	13-16	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	172-181
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	43-46	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	47-50
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	43-46	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	99-102
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	43-46	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	99-102
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	95-98	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	47-50
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	95-98	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	99-102
28988478-4	2017	After heating for 3 h at 85  C and pH 4.8, Ala-Hyp-Gly was almost completely cyclized to cyclo(Ala-Hyp), in contrast to a slight cyclization of Ala-Hyp.	Alanine	95-98	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked	Mus musculus	99-102
28369487-4	2017	In this study, we determined the crystal structure of mouse DNMT1(291-1620) that replaced T1505 with alanine (DNMT1(291-1620)T1505A) and examined its DNA methylation activity in vitro.	Alanine	101-108	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	60-65
28369487-4	2017	In this study, we determined the crystal structure of mouse DNMT1(291-1620) that replaced T1505 with alanine (DNMT1(291-1620)T1505A) and examined its DNA methylation activity in vitro.	Alanine	101-108	DNA methyltransferase (cytosine-5) 1	Mus musculus	110-115
28551094-4	2017	METHODS: We designed and generated a novel TRPV1 inhibitory peptide (TIP) which mimics the specific site in TRPV1 (aa 701-709: Gln-Arg-Ala-Ile-Thr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Thr, QRAITILDT), Thr705, and tested its efficacy of blocking UV-induced responses in HaCaT, mouse, and human skin.	Alanine	135-138	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	108-113
28874591-8	2017	The presence of low-activity CLPX increases the posttranslational stability of ALAS, causing increased ALAS protein and ALA levels, leading to abnormal accumulation of PPIX.	Alanine	79-82	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
29086874-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The paper examines Co(II)-amino acid-imidazole systems (where amino acid = L-alpha-amino acid: alanine, asparagine, histidine) which, when in aqueous solutions, activate and reversibly take up dioxygen, while maintaining the structural scheme of the heme group (imidazole as axial ligand and O2 uptake at the sixth, trans position) thus imitating natural respiratory pigments such as myoglobin and hemoglobin.	Alanine	107-114	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	31-37
29086874-9	2017	Calculations of the share of the free Co(II) ion as well as of the particular complex species existing in solution beside the oxygen adduct (regarding dioxygen bound both reversibly and irreversibly) indicated quite significant values for the systems with alanine and asparagine-in those cases the of oxygenation reaction is right shifted to a relatively lower extent.	Alanine	256-263	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	38-44
28915088-6	2017	Concentrations of glycine, alanine, alpha-amino isobutyric acid, and glutamic acid in the plume and in the ambient ocean could all be above 0.01 muM just due to abiotic production.	Alanine	27-34	latexin	Homo sapiens	145-148
28655148-4	2017	Common functional polymorphisms have been described in the MnSOD gene [rs4880, NM_000636.3:c.47 T &gt; C, alanine (ALA) to valine (Val)] and in the CAT promoter region [rs1001179, NG_013339.1:g.4760 C &gt; T].	Alanine	106-113	catalase	Homo sapiens	148-151
28627122-6	2017	The alanine scanning and shuffling the amino acid residues of BP4 (Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly) demonstrated that the Tyr-Lys-Asp-Gly consensus sequence is important for the inhibitory effect of the peptide on hypothermia.	Alanine	4-11	Blood pressure QTL 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
28459139-4	2017	Due to the lack of a mechanism to explain how alanine allosterically modifies the affinity of human liver pyruvate kinase (approved symbol PKLR) for its substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, we proposed a speculative allosteric mechanism for this system.	Alanine	46-53	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	139-143
28407397-4	2017	We used whole-protein alanine-scanning mutagenesis to determine which amino acid sidechains of human liver pyruvate kinase (hL-PYK; approved symbol PKLR) contribute to regulation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP; activator) and alanine (inhibitor).	Alanine	236-243	pyruvate kinase L/R	Homo sapiens	148-152
28684042-7	2017	Replacement of the highly conserved GLAPAP sequence within the GLPAPWISL motif with alanine residues resulted in endocytosis of the CD8/FcRn chimera to the early endosomes which was then trafficked predominantly to the late endosomes rather than the recycling endosomes.	Alanine	84-91	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	136-140
28835770-9	2017	Functionally, QXHC candidate targets were significantly associated with several biological pathways, such as VEGF and Chemokine signaling pathways, Alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism, Long-term depression and T/B cell receptor signaling pathway.	Alanine	148-155	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	109-113
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Alanine	116-119	glucagon	Homo sapiens	196-201
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Alanine	116-119	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	207-251
28861087-5	2017	In this study, we provided an extensive investigation of residues in the predicted CDR3 of the bispecific TCR beta (beta) chain using alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	134-141	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	106-114
28676499-7	2017	Replacement of the residues His-936 and His-917 in the activation and catalytic loops, respectively, with alanine dramatically changed PI3Kalpha kinetics.	Alanine	106-113	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	135-144
28683550-5	2017	Truncation of these residues to alanine causes significant falloffs in TIM"s catalytic activity, but experiments have failed to provide a full description of the action of this clamp in promoting substrate deprotonation.	Alanine	32-39	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
28570922-6	2017	A set of alanine substituted peptides of P14-2 was then synthesized to identify its critical residues for binding to HLA-DRB1*1501.	Alanine	9-16	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	117-125
28727810-4	2017	Unexpectedly, a CMV mutant, designated CMVRA that harbors an alanine substitution in the N-terminal arginine-rich region of the coat protein (CP) persistently invaded the SAM and resulted in visible reductions in apical dominance.	Alanine	61-68	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	128-140
28625849-2	2017	A straightforward approach to identify hidden allosteric sites is demonstrated in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) by creation of single alanine mutations in the catalytic acid loop of PTP1B and VHR.	Alanine	140-147	dual specificity phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	198-201
28727810-4	2017	Unexpectedly, a CMV mutant, designated CMVRA that harbors an alanine substitution in the N-terminal arginine-rich region of the coat protein (CP) persistently invaded the SAM and resulted in visible reductions in apical dominance.	Alanine	61-68	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	142-144
28639750-5	2017	HER2 homodimerization was enhanced in the presence of SMYD3, and substitution of lysine 175 of HER2 with alanine (HER2-K175A) reduced the formation of HER2 homodimers.	Alanine	105-112	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
29137268-6	2017	However, an alanine scanning of the proline residues of Gab2 suggests that the intermediate contains some degree of native-like structure, which might play a role for the recognition event to take place.	Alanine	12-19	GRB2 associated binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
28639750-5	2017	HER2 homodimerization was enhanced in the presence of SMYD3, and substitution of lysine 175 of HER2 with alanine (HER2-K175A) reduced the formation of HER2 homodimers.	Alanine	105-112	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
28639750-5	2017	HER2 homodimerization was enhanced in the presence of SMYD3, and substitution of lysine 175 of HER2 with alanine (HER2-K175A) reduced the formation of HER2 homodimers.	Alanine	105-112	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
28431321-6	2017	Glycine, cysteine, alanine and leucine significantly decreased macrophage triglyceride content (by 24%-38%), through attenuated uptake of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by macrophages.	Alanine	19-26	CD320 antigen	Mus musculus	186-190
28412220-12	2017	In addition, spinal slices from GluA1 transgenic mice, which had a single alanine replacement at GluA1 ser 845 or ser 831 that prevented phosphorylation, were resistant to TNF-induced increases in Co2+ labeling.	Alanine	74-81	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	172-175
28457754-2	2017	Alanine scanning of KRpep-2d focusing on the cyclic moiety showed that Leu7, Ile9, and Asp12 are the key elements for K-Ras(G12D) selective inhibition of KRpep-2d.	Alanine	0-7	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
28378383-2	2017	By alanine scanning of 1 corresponding to the arm structure (residues 246-254) of a beta-hairpin loop sequence (residues 242-259) of EGFR, it was confirmed that replacement of any amino acid in the loop structure lowered the dimerization inhibitory activity of 1.	Alanine	3-10	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	133-137
28432123-9	2017	Alanine mutations on the hydrophilic face of the helix significantly reduced FL-NCX1 palmitoylation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	80-84
28446609-3	2017	Previous attempts to alter glycosylation sites in Env typically involved mutating the glycosylated asparagine residues to structurally similar glutamines or alanines.	Alanine	157-165	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	50-53
28517938-6	2017	X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the structural changes in the Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) binding sites of Glu   Ala and Glu   Cys variants at both positions.	Alanine	129-132	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	87-93
28620180-5	2017	Alanine substitution of E171 (within the consensus motif) abolished SUMOylation, significantly increased the half-life of PIM1, and markedly reduced its ubiquitylation.	Alanine	0-7	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	122-126
28424279-6	2017	Analysis of P10 mutants encoded by recombinant baculoviruses in which putative phosphorylation residues were mutated to alanine showed that serine 93 is a site of phosphorylation.	Alanine	120-127	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	12-15
28640742-3	2017	To identify amino acids involved in RNA synthesis by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS7), we constructed NS7 mutants in which basic amino acids surrounding the catalytic site were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	206-213	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	93-96
28529593-7	2017	However, among the HER2-negative patients (n=2,442), those with the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype had a significantly decreased RFS [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.04; P=0.033] and DRFS (unadjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.11-2.44; P=0.012) compared with those with the Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	72-75	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
28570711-5	2017	Alanine scan of exon 11 revealed that position 718 is important for low IGF1 affinity to IR-B.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
28424242-7	2017	Alanine mutagenesis of each of the six phosphorylation sites was tested for the ability to impair IFN-gamma expression.	Alanine	0-7	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	98-107
28282785-16	2017	Mutation of Y652 to Alanine reduced sensitivity to Peimine, suggesting that Y652 is an important hERG binding sites for Peimine.	Alanine	20-27	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	97-101
28330814-0	2017	ALA-PDT suppressing the cell growth and reducing the lipogenesis in human SZ95 sebocytes by mTOR signaling pathway in vitro.	Alanine	0-3	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	92-96
28330814-9	2017	ALA-PDT reduced the protein levels of P-p70 S6K (T389), SREBP-1, PPARgamma, P-mTOR and P-Raptor.	Alanine	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	65-74
28330814-9	2017	ALA-PDT reduced the protein levels of P-p70 S6K (T389), SREBP-1, PPARgamma, P-mTOR and P-Raptor.	Alanine	0-3	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	78-82
28330814-10	2017	IGF-1 had counter effects on ALA-PDT, and rapamycin enhanced the effects of ALA-PDT in SZ95 cells in suppressing the cell growth and reducing the secretion of lipids.	Alanine	29-32	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28330814-11	2017	CONCLUSION: ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 cells by mTOR-p70 S6K(T389) signaling and reduced the lipogenesis in SZ95 cells by mTOR-SREBP-1/PPARgamma signaling.	Alanine	12-15	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	64-68
28330814-11	2017	CONCLUSION: ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 cells by mTOR-p70 S6K(T389) signaling and reduced the lipogenesis in SZ95 cells by mTOR-SREBP-1/PPARgamma signaling.	Alanine	12-15	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	138-142
28330814-11	2017	CONCLUSION: ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 cells by mTOR-p70 S6K(T389) signaling and reduced the lipogenesis in SZ95 cells by mTOR-SREBP-1/PPARgamma signaling.	Alanine	12-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	151-160
28376304-13	2017	The linear relation between the change in enthalpy and entropy following Ala substitutions at upstream positions -3, -5, and -6 of the PTHR peptide provides a clear example of the thermodynamic compensation rule.	Alanine	73-76	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	135-139
28529593-7	2017	However, among the HER2-negative patients (n=2,442), those with the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype had a significantly decreased RFS [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.04; P=0.033] and DRFS (unadjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.11-2.44; P=0.012) compared with those with the Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	79-82	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
28529593-7	2017	However, among the HER2-negative patients (n=2,442), those with the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype had a significantly decreased RFS [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.04; P=0.033] and DRFS (unadjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.11-2.44; P=0.012) compared with those with the Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	79-82	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
28529593-8	2017	Multivariate analysis revealed that the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype was an independent unfavorable factor for DRFS (adjusted HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.05-2.53; P=0.029) in the subgroup of HER2-negative patients.	Alanine	44-47	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
28529593-8	2017	Multivariate analysis revealed that the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype was an independent unfavorable factor for DRFS (adjusted HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.05-2.53; P=0.029) in the subgroup of HER2-negative patients.	Alanine	51-54	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
28529593-8	2017	Multivariate analysis revealed that the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype was an independent unfavorable factor for DRFS (adjusted HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.05-2.53; P=0.029) in the subgroup of HER2-negative patients.	Alanine	51-54	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	182-186
28214973-0	2017	A multifunctional alanine-rich anti-inflammatory peptide BCP61 showed potent inhibitory effects by inhibiting both NF-kappaB and MAPK expression.	Alanine	18-25	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	115-124
28137631-3	2017	Here we report identification and characterization of a single nucleotide variation (T445A) in NCOA5, causing an amino acid Thr to Ala substitution, in adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues derived from patients with concurrent HCC and T2D.	Alanine	131-134	nuclear receptor coactivator 5	Homo sapiens	95-100
28069397-7	2017	NPY and PP inhibited alanine-induced changes in BRIN BD11 cell membrane potential and (Ca2+)i.	Alanine	21-28	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
28274616-5	2017	In the present work, we conducted alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the B-chain residues of human INSL5 to obtain an overview of their contributions.	Alanine	34-41	insulin like 5	Homo sapiens	96-101
28077578-6	2017	Overexpression of the YBX1-S176A (serine-to-alanine) mutant in either HEK293 cells or colon cancer HT29 cells showed dramatically reduced NF-kappaB-activating ability compared with that of WT-YBX1, confirming that Ser-176 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by YBX1.	Alanine	44-51	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
28013146-3	2017	The intermolecular interaction between TGF-beta and its cognate receptor is characterized in detail using molecular dynamics simulation, binding energetic analysis, and alanine scanning.	Alanine	169-176	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	39-47
28105535-9	2017	This inhibition was associated with increased phosphorylation of the beta1 subunit of GABAAR, and the inhibition could itself be attenuated by (1) kinase inhibitors (of protein kinase C and CaM kinase II) and (2) the mutation, to alanine, of serine 409 of the beta1 subunit, a site previously identified in phosphorylation-dependent regulation in other pathways.	Alanine	230-237	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
28105535-9	2017	This inhibition was associated with increased phosphorylation of the beta1 subunit of GABAAR, and the inhibition could itself be attenuated by (1) kinase inhibitors (of protein kinase C and CaM kinase II) and (2) the mutation, to alanine, of serine 409 of the beta1 subunit, a site previously identified in phosphorylation-dependent regulation in other pathways.	Alanine	230-237	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	260-265
26780456-8	2017	When T95 is mutated to alanine, hGAD65 could no longer be phosphorylated by PKCepsilon, and the effect of PKC-mediated activation on hGAD65 is abolished.	Alanine	23-30	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	32-38
26780456-8	2017	When T95 is mutated to alanine, hGAD65 could no longer be phosphorylated by PKCepsilon, and the effect of PKC-mediated activation on hGAD65 is abolished.	Alanine	23-30	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	133-139
28077578-6	2017	Overexpression of the YBX1-S176A (serine-to-alanine) mutant in either HEK293 cells or colon cancer HT29 cells showed dramatically reduced NF-kappaB-activating ability compared with that of WT-YBX1, confirming that Ser-176 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-kappaB by YBX1.	Alanine	44-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	138-147
27889915-10	2017	Introducing an Ala (a non-phospho mimetic) at Thr37 diminished EAAT1-mediated glutamate uptake, suggesting that the phosphorylation state of this residue is important for constitutive EAAT1 function.	Alanine	15-18	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	63-68
28169326-4	2017	Alanine scanning mutation of Epep revealed residues critical for Tbx3, Klf4 and Esrrb transcript repression, cell-cell contact abrogation, cell survival in suspension, STAT3 phosphorylation and water solubility.	Alanine	0-7	Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut)	Mus musculus	71-75
28169326-4	2017	Alanine scanning mutation of Epep revealed residues critical for Tbx3, Klf4 and Esrrb transcript repression, cell-cell contact abrogation, cell survival in suspension, STAT3 phosphorylation and water solubility.	Alanine	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	168-173
27889915-10	2017	Introducing an Ala (a non-phospho mimetic) at Thr37 diminished EAAT1-mediated glutamate uptake, suggesting that the phosphorylation state of this residue is important for constitutive EAAT1 function.	Alanine	15-18	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	184-189
27856257-8	2017	The dominant negative FoxO3a mutant without the transactivation domain from the C terminus blocked high glucose-induced Sca1+ cardiac progenitor cell apoptosis, whereas the constitutively active FoxO3a mutant with the three phosphorylation sites, Thr-32, Ser-253, and Ser-315, being replaced by alanine residues mimicked the pro-apoptotic effect of high glucose.	Alanine	295-302	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	22-28
28118114-7	2017	It was also especially interesting that only one substitution of alanine in each of the two clusters separately abolished the restoration of wild-type sensitivity by DNA-PKcs.	Alanine	65-72	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	166-174
28168382-3	2017	In silico models of EPO fused to 200 amino acids of proline, alanine, and serine (PAS) were initially generated and assessed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation.	Alanine	61-68	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	20-23
28025146-4	2017	Recently, it was reported that the conserved glutamines residues (Gln475 in NBD1 and Gln1118 in NBD2) in the Q loops of P-gp when mutated to alanine completely inhibited the drug-stimulated ATPase activity.	Alanine	141-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
28045525-4	2017	The tetrapeptide His-DPhe-Arg-Trp or tripeptide DPhe-Arg-Trp replaced the Arg-Phe-Phe sequence in the AGRP active loop derivative c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Xxx-Ala-Phe-DPro], where Xxx was the native Asn of AGRP or a diaminopropionic (Dap) acid residue previously shown to increase antagonist potency at the mMC4R.	Alanine	152-155	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	102-106
28849507-4	2017	The hypertensive model was established by giving rats stress for 3 weeks.Results showed that significant expression levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal were observed in beta-alanine stress group and stress control group (P &lt; 0.05), but significant mRNA expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in taurine stress group and normal control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	227-234	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	126-155
28849491-2	2017	Ala, Gln, Gly, Lys, Val and taurine (Tau) are the most abundant free AAs in mammals, and some of these react with hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) produced by myeloperoxidase in activated phagocytes to form N-chloroamino acids (NCAA).	Alanine	0-3	occludin	Mus musculus	129-132
28849507-4	2017	The hypertensive model was established by giving rats stress for 3 weeks.Results showed that significant expression levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal were observed in beta-alanine stress group and stress control group (P &lt; 0.05), but significant mRNA expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in taurine stress group and normal control group (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	227-234	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
29375644-7	2017	Furthermore, metabolomics analysis showed that TGP treatment significantly attenuated CCl4-triggered deregulation of multiple metabolites in both urine and serum, including glycine, alanine, proline, and glutamine.	Alanine	182-189	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
29050483-8	2017	In combination with ALA, at IC50 and lower doses, an increase of the cytotoxic effect was found for DIBP, DBP and BBP; while for DMP, DEP and DEHP, a decrease was observed for DU145 cells.	Alanine	20-23	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	106-109
27878243-8	2017	Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired.	Alanine	88-95	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
27871432-7	2016	Data analysis in the patient revealed a novel missense mutation c.191C&gt;T in PGAP2 gene resulting in Alanine to Valine substitution (Ala64Val).	Alanine	103-110	post-GPI attachment to proteins 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
28043143-9	2017	Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed a significant dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by ALA-PDT in H8 cells, associated with accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21.	Alanine	89-92	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	171-174
28018341-10	2016	We also identify a molecular switch in the top of TM7 important for keeping CCR7 in an inactive conformation (Tyr312), as introduction of the chemokine receptor-conserved Glu (or Ala) induces high constitutive activity.	Alanine	179-182	C-C motif chemokine receptor 7	Homo sapiens	76-80
27807027-6	2016	Any Ser-Ala substitution in this motif could decrease the binding between DYRK1A and beta-transducin repeat containing protein (betaTrCP), resulting in stabilization of DYRK1A.	Alanine	8-11	dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens	74-80
27807027-6	2016	Any Ser-Ala substitution in this motif could decrease the binding between DYRK1A and beta-transducin repeat containing protein (betaTrCP), resulting in stabilization of DYRK1A.	Alanine	8-11	dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens	169-175
27777309-5	2016	Remarkably, inhibition of Ser-314 phosphorylation either with Ser-to-Ala substitution or with a specific inhibitor of CDK4/6 kinase blocked Her4-induced stabilization of MDMX-MDM2 and rescued p53 activity.	Alanine	69-72	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	192-195
27930699-10	2016	Overexpression of WT MnSOD in cardiomyocytes reduced ROS generation during H/R, while point mutation of T79 and S106 of MnSOD to alanine abolished its antioxidative function.	Alanine	129-136	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	21-26
27930699-10	2016	Overexpression of WT MnSOD in cardiomyocytes reduced ROS generation during H/R, while point mutation of T79 and S106 of MnSOD to alanine abolished its antioxidative function.	Alanine	129-136	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	120-125
27818199-6	2016	In the proximal ectodomain of tACE residues H610-L614 were mutated to alanines and this resulted in a decrease in ACE shedding.	Alanine	70-78	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	31-34
27793802-5	2016	Deletion and alanine mutagenesis revealed that a six-amino acid sequence 1417EENKVR1422 and the terminal 1478TRL1480 (PDZ-binding motif) in the COOH-terminus were essential for the enhanced oligomerization of NHERF1.	Alanine	13-20	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Canis lupus familiaris	209-215
27793802-6	2016	Full-length CFTR stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells fostered NHERF1 oligomerization that was substantially reduced (~5-fold) on alanine substitution of EEN, KVR, or EENKVR residues or deletion of the TRL motif.	Alanine	156-163	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Canis lupus familiaris	89-95
27869740-5	2016	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the murine olfactory receptor S6 (mOR-S6) indicated that the N-terminal acidic residue of helix 8 of mOR-S6 is responsible for initial transient and specific interactions with chimeric Galpha15_olf, resulting in a response that is 2.2-fold more rapid and 1.7-fold more robust than the interaction with Galpha15.	Alanine	0-7	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 15	Mus musculus	217-225
26619262-8	2016	Whereas molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) free energies of binding were comparable for both systems, in agreement with experiments, computational alanine scanning and free energy decomposition data revealed that HDAC6 E1141 and D1178 are potential hotspots for the design of selective HDAC6 modulators.	Alanine	173-180	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	239-244
27956466-6	2016	Alanine and total amino acid levels tended to be negatively associated with the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after overfeeding.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
27802159-7	2016	Mutation of S734-STAT2 to alanine (S734A) enhanced IFN-alpha-driven antiviral responses compared to those driven by wild-type STAT2.	Alanine	26-33	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	51-60
27645999-4	2016	We generated Ala replacement mutants in this region of ENaC-alpha and examined its interaction with TIP peptide (3M, V567A/E568A/E571A; 2M, V567A/E568A; and 1M, E571A).	Alanine	13-16	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	55-65
27840851-11	2016	We have demonstrated that strain C.BR92025 Nef has a higher rate of protein turnover than highly expressed Nef proteins and that this higher rate of protein turnover is due to an alanine-to-valine substitution at Nef residue 84.	Alanine	179-186	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	43-46
27465830-6	2016	However, in vitro, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36) inhibited (p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001) glucose, alanine and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion from immortalised rodent and human beta-cells, as well as isolated mouse islets, by impeding alterations in membrane potential, [Ca(2+)]i and elevations of cAMP.	Alanine	92-99	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	19-22
27465830-6	2016	However, in vitro, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36) inhibited (p &lt; 0.05 to p &lt; 0.001) glucose, alanine and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion from immortalised rodent and human beta-cells, as well as isolated mouse islets, by impeding alterations in membrane potential, [Ca(2+)]i and elevations of cAMP.	Alanine	92-99	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	33-36
27595738-4	2016	Selective alanine substitutions show that K218, K220, and K224 together facilitate normal Trisk 95 binding to RyR1 and channel activation.	Alanine	10-17	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
27609815-6	2016	This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself.	Alanine	195-202	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	46-73
27609815-6	2016	This is evident from the higher production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat bone-marrow-derived macrophage cells in the presence of its alanine-substituted analogs than TempL itself.	Alanine	195-202	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	78-91
27693692-2	2016	5-Aminolevulinic acid in combination with sodium ferrous citrate (ALA/SFC) has been shown to up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decrease macrophage infiltration and renal cell apoptosis in renal ischemia injury mice.	Alanine	66-69	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	105-121
27560372-6	2016	While aspartate-to-alanine mutations impaired cell surface receptor downregulation and interference with actin dynamics and cell motility by HIV-1 NA7 Nef, analogous mutations did not affect HIV-1 SF2 Nef function.	Alanine	19-26	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	151-154
27693692-2	2016	5-Aminolevulinic acid in combination with sodium ferrous citrate (ALA/SFC) has been shown to up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decrease macrophage infiltration and renal cell apoptosis in renal ischemia injury mice.	Alanine	66-69	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	123-127
27693692-4	2016	The aim of this study was to investigate whether ALA/SFC could protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by autophagy via HO-1 signaling.	Alanine	49-52	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	134-138
27630233-8	2016	Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that replacement of all four tyrosines with alanines substantially reduced the ability of gK to interact with UL37.	Alanine	80-88	envelope glycoprotein UL37	Human betaherpesvirus 5	146-150
27693692-9	2016	Silencing of either Nrf-2 or HO-1and LY294002, inhibitor of autophagy, abolished the protective ability of ALA/AFC against hypoxia-induced injury and reduced ALA/SFC-induced autophagy.	Alanine	107-110	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	20-25
27693692-9	2016	Silencing of either Nrf-2 or HO-1and LY294002, inhibitor of autophagy, abolished the protective ability of ALA/AFC against hypoxia-induced injury and reduced ALA/SFC-induced autophagy.	Alanine	158-161	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	20-25
27693692-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data suggest that ALA/SFC induces autophagy via activation of MAPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	50-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	94-98
27693692-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data suggest that ALA/SFC induces autophagy via activation of MAPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	50-53	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	99-104
27693692-10	2016	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data suggest that ALA/SFC induces autophagy via activation of MAPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway to protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	50-53	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	105-109
27582494-3	2016	Here, we used molecular modeling to predict TIMP-3 residues potentially involved in binding to LRP1 based on the proposed LRP1 binding motif of 2 lysine residues separated by about 21 A and mutated the candidate lysine residues to alanine individually and in pairs.	Alanine	231-238	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
27561317-3	2016	We recently detected reduced binding of FXIII-A2B2 to murine fibrinogen that has gamma-chain residues 390-396 mutated to alanines (Fibgamma390-396A).	Alanine	121-129	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	61-71
27722206-9	2016	Although amino acids in the antigenic regions on VP7 and VP4 were mostly identical to those of global G2P[4] strains after 2000, VP4 of clade D RVAs in 2013 had alanine and proline at positions 88 and 114, respectively, which are novel substitutions compared with recent global G2P[4] strains.	Alanine	161-168	outer capsid spike protein VP4	Rotavirus A	129-132
25542503-9	2016	However, the presence of the Ala/Ala genotype increases the risk provided by the e4 allele of the APOE gene: AlaAla/e3e4 (OR=3.47, P=.03), AlaAla/e4e4 (OR=6.3, P=.01).	Alanine	29-32	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	98-102
25542503-9	2016	However, the presence of the Ala/Ala genotype increases the risk provided by the e4 allele of the APOE gene: AlaAla/e3e4 (OR=3.47, P=.03), AlaAla/e4e4 (OR=6.3, P=.01).	Alanine	33-36	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	98-102
27512067-6	2016	We found that apoptin contains four checkpoint kinase consensus sites and that mutation of either threonine 56 or 61 to alanine restricts apoptin to the cytoplasm.	Alanine	120-127	APOPTIN;hypothetical protein;nucleocapsid protein	Chicken anemia virus	138-145
27399344-6	2016	According to pathway analysis by metabolites identified and correlation network construction by Pearson"s correlation coefficency matrix, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism were recognized as the most influenced metabolic pathways associated with CCl4 injury.	Alanine	138-145	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	284-288
27461959-1	2016	Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) contains a loop within the active site (comprising Asp(634), Ala(635), Arg(636) and Asn(637); human CPR numbering) that relocates upon NADPH binding.	Alanine	93-96	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	0-25
27461959-1	2016	Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) contains a loop within the active site (comprising Asp(634), Ala(635), Arg(636) and Asn(637); human CPR numbering) that relocates upon NADPH binding.	Alanine	93-96	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	27-30
27318088-6	2016	Unlike wild-type beta-catenin, its non-phosphorylatable mutant in which serine and threonine residues phosphorylated by GSK3 are substituted with alanine was not destabilized by capsaicin, indicative of the effect of this chemical on the phosphorylation status of beta-catenin.	Alanine	146-153	catenin beta 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	17-29
27318088-6	2016	Unlike wild-type beta-catenin, its non-phosphorylatable mutant in which serine and threonine residues phosphorylated by GSK3 are substituted with alanine was not destabilized by capsaicin, indicative of the effect of this chemical on the phosphorylation status of beta-catenin.	Alanine	146-153	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	120-124
27399344-7	2016	As a result, notably, deviations of metabolites 1, 3, 4, 7 and 9 in the process of CCl4-induced acute liver injury were improved by CS treatment, which suggested that CS mediated synergistically abnormalities of the metabolic pathways, composed of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism.	Alanine	248-255	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
27402839-9	2016	When lysine 60 and 191 are both mutated to alanine, the binding of D1D2 to LRP1 is ablated.	Alanine	43-50	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
27617997-4	2016	Moderate to high cytotoxic activity was observed and four members, derived from l-alanine, l-leucine, l-phenylalanine, and d-phenylalanine, were selected as promising compounds by their IC50 ranging from 0.5 to 6.25 muM and also by their good selectivity indexes (&gt;=2.24).	Alanine	80-89	latexin	Homo sapiens	216-219
27590064-4	2016	ARC1 contains four domains as follows: leucine zipper (Leu(116)-Leu(137)), coiled-coil domain (Thr(210)-Val(236)), U-box (Asp(282)-Trp(347)) motif, and ARM (Ala(415)-Thr(611)) domain.	Alanine	157-160	U-box domain-containing protein 17-like	Brassica oleracea	0-4
27470515-7	2016	Replacing lysine residues in positions 4 and 7 of Nef with alanines abrogates Nef-calnexin interaction, prevents ABCA1 downregulation by Nef, and preserves cholesterol efflux from HIV-infected cells.	Alanine	59-67	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	50-53
27470515-7	2016	Replacing lysine residues in positions 4 and 7 of Nef with alanines abrogates Nef-calnexin interaction, prevents ABCA1 downregulation by Nef, and preserves cholesterol efflux from HIV-infected cells.	Alanine	59-67	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	78-81
27470515-7	2016	Replacing lysine residues in positions 4 and 7 of Nef with alanines abrogates Nef-calnexin interaction, prevents ABCA1 downregulation by Nef, and preserves cholesterol efflux from HIV-infected cells.	Alanine	59-67	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	78-81
27288892-4	2016	In order to gain further insight into cholesterol sensitivity of T2R4, we mutated two residues Tyr114(3.59) and Lys117(3.62) present in the cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus (CRAC) motif in T2R4 with alanines.	Alanine	211-219	taste 2 receptor member 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
27381982-8	2016	Furthermore, substitution of S295 or S297 for alanine abrogated SYK"s binding to Importin 7.	Alanine	46-53	importin 7	Homo sapiens	81-91
27492188-8	2016	In contrast glutamine and alanine intensities were significantly higher in the embryos derived from sperm population having OTM &lt;1.0.	Alanine	26-33	claudin 11	Homo sapiens	124-127
27492188-10	2016	Pyruvate to alanine ratio was significantly lower in &lt;1.0 OTM group (P&lt;0.0001).	Alanine	12-19	claudin 11	Homo sapiens	61-64
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	324-331	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	33-37
28721249-6	2016	The AhR-/- mice also displayed increased levels of corticosterol and alanine in serum.	Alanine	69-76	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	4-7
27365394-7	2016	Mutating each of the basic residues in the PBR to an alanine (Vam7-6A) led to attenuated vacuole fusion.	Alanine	53-60	Vam7p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
27365394-9	2016	Experiments testing the binding of Vam7 to specific signaling lipids showed that mutating the PBR to alanines augmented binding to PI3P.	Alanine	101-109	Vam7p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	324-331	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	106-110
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	324-331	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	106-110
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	333-336	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	33-37
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	333-336	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	106-110
27342562-5	2016	The site-directed mutagenesis of LsbB and YvjB proteins showed that certain amino acids and the length of LsbB are responsible for the bacteriocin activity, most probably through adequate interaction of these two proteins; the essential amino acids in LsbB responsible for the activity are tryptophan (Trp(25)) and terminal alanine (Ala(30)).	Alanine	333-336	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	106-110
27342562-6	2016	It was also shown that the distance between Trp(25) and terminal alanine is crucial for LsbB activity.	Alanine	65-72	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	88-92
27342562-7	2016	The crucial region in YvjB for the interaction with LsbB is the beginning of the third transmembrane helix, particularly amino acids tyrosine (Tyr(356)) and alanine (Ala(353)).	Alanine	157-164	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	52-56
27342562-7	2016	The crucial region in YvjB for the interaction with LsbB is the beginning of the third transmembrane helix, particularly amino acids tyrosine (Tyr(356)) and alanine (Ala(353)).	Alanine	166-169	LsbB	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	52-56
27256139-10	2016	Computational docking using a MthK-based hERG model differentiated residues likely to interact directly with drug and those whose Ala mutation may affect drug block allosterically.	Alanine	130-133	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	41-45
27487923-3	2016	In the present study, it was found that RAD52(1-212) containing alanine mutations of the charged surface residues (Lys102, Lys133 and Glu202) is highly amenable to crystallization.	Alanine	64-71	RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	40-45
27487923-6	2016	The alanine mutations probably reduced the surface entropy of the RAD52(1-212) ring and stabilized the ring-ring association observed in the crystal.	Alanine	4-11	RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	66-71
27334924-5	2016	Truncation and alanine mutagenesis studies revealed that PP2Ac binds to the P3 block ((396)PAIPPKKPRP(405)) of the proline-rich region in CIN85.	Alanine	15-22	SH3 domain containing kinase binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	138-143
27761213-0	2016	Alanine to Serine Variant at Position 986 of Calcium Sensing Receptor and Colorectal Cancer Risk.	Alanine	0-7	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	45-69
26752246-5	2016	Alanine substitutions at all four amino acid positions in rainbow trout MRAP1 blocked activation of the rainbow trout MC2R.	Alanine	0-7	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Danio rerio	72-77
27215379-9	2016	GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-kappaB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL.	Alanine	4-7	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
26752246-5	2016	Alanine substitutions at all four amino acid positions in rainbow trout MRAP1 blocked activation of the rainbow trout MC2R.	Alanine	0-7	adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor	Oncorhynchus mykiss	118-122
26752246-6	2016	Single alanine substitutions of the D and Y residues in rainbow trout and zebrafish MRAP1 indicate that these two residues play a significant role in the activation of rainbow trout MC2R.	Alanine	7-14	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Danio rerio	84-89
26752246-6	2016	Single alanine substitutions of the D and Y residues in rainbow trout and zebrafish MRAP1 indicate that these two residues play a significant role in the activation of rainbow trout MC2R.	Alanine	7-14	adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-186
27428327-6	2016	Ala/Asp mutations reveal that the CK2 and MAPK sites ensure that M8 repression of Ato and the R8 fate occurs in a timely manner and at a specific stage (stage-2/3) of the morphogenetic furrow (MF).	Alanine	0-3	Casein kinase II beta2 subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	34-37
27315833-5	2016	Synthetic GLV-derived peptides were cleaved in vitro by the affinity-purified SBT6.1 catalytic enzyme, confirming that the GLV1 precursor is a direct subtilase substrate, and the elimination of the in vitro subtilase recognition sites through alanine substitution suppressed the GLV1 gain-of-function phenotype in vivo Furthermore, the protease inhibitor Serpin1 bound to SBT6.1 and inhibited the cleavage of GLV1 precursors by the protease.	Alanine	243-250	SITE-1 protease	Arabidopsis thaliana	78-84
27315833-5	2016	Synthetic GLV-derived peptides were cleaved in vitro by the affinity-purified SBT6.1 catalytic enzyme, confirming that the GLV1 precursor is a direct subtilase substrate, and the elimination of the in vitro subtilase recognition sites through alanine substitution suppressed the GLV1 gain-of-function phenotype in vivo Furthermore, the protease inhibitor Serpin1 bound to SBT6.1 and inhibited the cleavage of GLV1 precursors by the protease.	Alanine	243-250	root meristem growth factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	123-127
27462005-7	2016	The SAXS-derived model reveals an elongated conformation (Dmax = 20 nm) for TH1, different arrangement of the catalytic domains compared with the crystal structure of truncated forms, and an N-terminal region with an unstructured tail that hosts the phosphorylation sites and a separated Ala-rich helical motif that may have a role in regulation of TH by interacting with binding partners.	Alanine	288-291	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	76-78
27348762-12	2016	The Ala1170Pro homozygous ERBB2 genotype was associated with a lower likelihood of the occurrence of a cardiac event compared with Pro/Pro + Ala/Pro genotypes in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.45; P = .003).	Alanine	4-7	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
27428327-6	2016	Ala/Asp mutations reveal that the CK2 and MAPK sites ensure that M8 repression of Ato and the R8 fate occurs in a timely manner and at a specific stage (stage-2/3) of the morphogenetic furrow (MF).	Alanine	0-3	rolled	Drosophila melanogaster	42-46
27063608-0	2016	Structural and functional evaluation of the palindromic alanine-rich antimicrobial peptide Pa-MAP2.	Alanine	56-63	microtubule-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	94-98
27629842-7	2016	A multiple regression analysis revealed that alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels were associated with the necroinflammatory activity (p = 0.001 for ALT, and p = 0.006 for AST).	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	195-198
27310471-2	2016	Here we reported 3 Chinese genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease cases (gCJD) with a rare mutation in PRNP leading to an exchange of amino acid from glutamic acid (E) to alanine (A) at codon 196 (E196A).	Alanine	166-173	prion protein	Homo sapiens	98-102
27332127-6	2016	The substitution of hydrophobic Ala with His or Arg in the central region of the EDEM1 or SPAST peptides, respectively, attenuated their ability to flip phospholipids.	Alanine	32-35	ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
27129208-7	2016	Moreover, we found that alanine mutations of the two conserved basic residues at N-terminal extension of the GTD not only weaken the inhibitory activity of the GTD but also enhance the activation of myosin-5a by its cargo-binding protein melanophilin (Mlph).	Alanine	24-31	melanophilin	Homo sapiens	238-250
27129208-7	2016	Moreover, we found that alanine mutations of the two conserved basic residues at N-terminal extension of the GTD not only weaken the inhibitory activity of the GTD but also enhance the activation of myosin-5a by its cargo-binding protein melanophilin (Mlph).	Alanine	24-31	melanophilin	Homo sapiens	252-256
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	transcription factor Dp family member 3	Homo sapiens	34-37
27193211-5	2016	We have shown that the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 ERalpha residues direct noncovalent receptor binding to K63-based Ub chains in vitro.	Alanine	43-50	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	59-66
26494047-8	2016	In addition, four novel ACE inhibitory peptides were isolated, and their amino acids sequences were identified as Val-Gly-Pro-Tyr, Phe-Thr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly, Phe-Thr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala and Phe-Gln-Ala-Val-Trp-Ala-Gly, respectively.	Alanine	180-183	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	24-27
26494047-8	2016	In addition, four novel ACE inhibitory peptides were isolated, and their amino acids sequences were identified as Val-Gly-Pro-Tyr, Phe-Thr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly, Phe-Thr-Tyr-Val-Pro-Gly-Ala and Phe-Gln-Ala-Val-Trp-Ala-Gly, respectively.	Alanine	196-199	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	24-27
27177038-2	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA-PDT on human cervical cancer through the regulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) and the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	53-56	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	143-148
27177038-2	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA-PDT on human cervical cancer through the regulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) and the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	53-56	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	149-152
27177038-7	2016	However, downregulation of miR-143 expression inhibited the effect of ALA-PDT on Bcl-2/Bax protein expression.	Alanine	70-73	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	81-86
27177038-7	2016	However, downregulation of miR-143 expression inhibited the effect of ALA-PDT on Bcl-2/Bax protein expression.	Alanine	70-73	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	87-90
27177038-8	2016	In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that ALA-PDT affected human cervical cancer via the activation of miR-143 and the suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	51-54	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	147-152
27177038-8	2016	In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that ALA-PDT affected human cervical cancer via the activation of miR-143 and the suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	51-54	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	153-156
27332127-7	2016	Interestingly, substituting Ala with Arg or His at a location outside of the central region of EDEM1 or SPAST, respectively, also affected the enhancement of flip-flop.	Alanine	28-31	ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
27269715-8	2016	Pairwise comparison showed that individuals major homozygous for the SNP rs1000778 in the FADS3 gene had lower concentrations of ALA and linoleic acid (LA) in their breast milk.	Alanine	129-132	fatty acid desaturase 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
27147579-8	2016	When Ser985 of c-Met was mutated to Alanine for preventing phosphorylation of this site, the blocking effect of PKG II on c-Met activation was annulled.	Alanine	36-43	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	15-20
27147579-8	2016	When Ser985 of c-Met was mutated to Alanine for preventing phosphorylation of this site, the blocking effect of PKG II on c-Met activation was annulled.	Alanine	36-43	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	122-127
27087420-0	2016	Unique albumin with two silent substitutions (540Thr Ala and 546Ala Ser): Insights into how albumin is recycled.	Alanine	53-56	albumin	Homo sapiens	7-14
27087420-0	2016	Unique albumin with two silent substitutions (540Thr Ala and 546Ala Ser): Insights into how albumin is recycled.	Alanine	53-56	albumin	Homo sapiens	92-99
26917740-6	2016	Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents.	Alanine	101-108	fibroblast growth factor 14	Mus musculus	133-138
27072680-3	2016	The most common SOD1 gene mutation in North America is a missense mutation substituting valine for alanine (A4V).	Alanine	99-106	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
27038509-4	2016	To overcome these problems, we explored thermostabilization of human ETBR by establishing an ETBR expression system in Escherichia coli, followed by systematic alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	160-167	endothelin receptor type B	Homo sapiens	69-73
27257873-9	2016	Substitution of these two threonines with alanines (mph1-2TA) specifically abolished the Fkh1-Mph1 interaction in vivo and altered donor preference during mating-type switching to the same degree as mph1Delta.	Alanine	42-50	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	89-93
26944658-3	2016	To delineate the roles of a conserved Tyr residue at their N-terminal domains, we have studied a FKBP22 mutant that carries an Ala in place of the conserved Tyr at position 15.	Alanine	127-130	FKBP prolyl isomerase 14	Homo sapiens	97-103
27239321-2	2016	The Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in the isoform PPAR-gamma2 is at the center of many controversies because in some populations, it has been observed to be associated with T2DM or obesity but, not in others.	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-77
27030023-7	2016	Alanine substitutions in S254 in the CH2 domain and Y436 in the CH3 domain showed reduced binding in vitro to human FcRn and reduced elimination half-lives in huFcRn transgenic mice (t1/2beta, S254A, 37.43 h; Y436A, 39.53 h; wild-type, 83.15 h).	Alanine	0-7	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	116-120
27153536-6	2016	We identify by mass spectrometry palmitoylated cysteine residues within the C-terminal tail where mutation of the cysteine residues to alanine is sufficient to activate EGFR signaling promoting cell migration and transformation.	Alanine	135-142	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	169-173
27034005-7	2016	Substitution of the Ser/Thr-residues of this cluster by alanine residues enhances the transforming potential of B-Raf, indicating that these phosphorylation sites suppress its signaling output.	Alanine	56-63	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	112-117
27206948-8	2016	Although Ala(224) is within the postulated MTP binding region in apoB, it is not conserved among mammalian species.	Alanine	9-12	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	65-69
26940553-5	2016	We mutagenized the 223th arginine of mouse Cdt1 (mCdt1) to cysteine or serine (R-S or R-C, respectively) and 342nd and 346th arginines constituting an arginine finger-like structure to alanine (RR-AA).	Alanine	185-192	chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1	Mus musculus	43-47
26829444-9	2016	Eleven metabolites allowed differentiation between both diabetes types and alanine, alpha-amino-adipic acid, isoleucin, and stearic acid showed an inverse association with insulin sensitivity in both T2D and T1D combined.	Alanine	75-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
26930710-7	2016	Cysteine-to-alanine substitution abrogated FAD-I"s ability to induce hBD-2.	Alanine	12-19	defensin beta 4A	Homo sapiens	69-74
26917722-7	2016	Alanine scan mutagenesis performed across the gp100(280-288) peptide showed that Glu(3) was critically important for TCR binding.	Alanine	0-7	premelanosome protein	Homo sapiens	46-51
28955863-3	2016	RESULTS: In case of CuO np-HSA interaction, the distances from the centre of Subdomain IIIA to Arg-472 is 2.113 A and Lys 475, Glu 492, Ala 490, Cys 487, Ala 490 are the bound neighbouring residues with Lys 475, Glu 492 at aliphatic region.	Alanine	136-139	albumin	Homo sapiens	27-30
27063913-4	2016	We used a genetically encoded auxin sensor to show that IAA-Leu, IAA-Ala and IAA-Phe act through the TIR1-dependent signaling pathway.	Alanine	69-72	F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	101-105
26780347-7	2016	The oxidative stresses also modulate kinase activity of RET-PTC1 with cysteine 365 (C365) replaced by alanine with promotion of dimer formation, but not with cysteine 376 (C376) replaced by alanine.	Alanine	102-109	patched 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
26969680-6	2016	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis study further reveals the important role for a tyrosine residue of donor loop (Tyr889(PARP-1) and Tyr455(PARP-2)) in contributing to the ligand selectivity.	Alanine	0-7	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
26969680-6	2016	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis study further reveals the important role for a tyrosine residue of donor loop (Tyr889(PARP-1) and Tyr455(PARP-2)) in contributing to the ligand selectivity.	Alanine	0-7	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2	Homo sapiens	134-140
26801610-5	2016	Furthermore, two serines in the GORK ankyrin domain that mimic phosphorylation (Ser to Glu) or dephosphorylation (Ser to Ala) were mutated.	Alanine	121-124	gated outwardly-rectifying K+ channel	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
26811873-6	2016	A metabolic pathway analysis also indicated that insulin affected the metabolism of alanine, aspartate and glutamate, as well as that of arginine and proline.	Alanine	84-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
26848530-6	2016	Compared with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative group, ER-positive patients showed elevated alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, decreased glycerolipid catabolism, and enhanced purine metabolism.	Alanine	90-97	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	53-55
26693710-13	2016	Additionally, [D-Ala(2)]GIP(1-30)-PEG preserved beta cell area via inhibition of apoptosis in LD-STZ mice.	Alanine	16-20	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	24-27
26264132-0	2016	The Glutamine-Alanine Repeat Domain of TCERG1 is Required for the Inhibition of the Growth Arrest Activity of C/EBPalpha.	Alanine	14-21	transcription elongation regulator 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
26264132-0	2016	The Glutamine-Alanine Repeat Domain of TCERG1 is Required for the Inhibition of the Growth Arrest Activity of C/EBPalpha.	Alanine	14-21	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120
26820539-6	2016	A substitution mutant of tryptophan at the position 65 to alanine in the EMI domain of periostin, which caused periostin to lose its ability to interact with fibronectin, did not decrease the accumulation.	Alanine	58-65	periostin, osteoblast specific factor	Mus musculus	87-96
26676300-10	2016	When threonine 686 of HER2 was mutated to alanine, which could not be phosphorylated by PKG II, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of HER2 was eradicated.	Alanine	42-49	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
26952131-0	2016	Data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the  OH-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination.	Alanine	144-151	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	81-93
26952131-3	2016	However, Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed the  OH-induced increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	9-12	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	111-120
26952131-3	2016	However, Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed the  OH-induced increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	9-12	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	172-184
26952131-4	2016	Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c were gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 (0.175-1.400 mM) in the  OH-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	164-167	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	31-40
26952131-4	2016	Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c were gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 (0.175-1.400 mM) in the  OH-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	164-167	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	92-104
27042481-11	2016	RESULTS: The frequency distributions of PPAR gamma genotypes were 80% for Pro/Pro and 20% for Pro/Ala in the study population.	Alanine	98-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-50
26676300-6	2016	In addition, a QuikChange Lightning Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit was used to mutate threonine 686 of HER2 to glutamic acid or alanine.	Alanine	127-134	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
26676300-10	2016	When threonine 686 of HER2 was mutated to alanine, which could not be phosphorylated by PKG II, the inhibitory effect of PKG II on the activation of HER2 was eradicated.	Alanine	42-49	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
26791423-5	2016	His residues constructing the Cu(2+)-binding site in denatured apo-H43R were experimentally assigned by absorption and fluorescence-based assays of SOD1 mutants, in which each of the seven His residues in H43R SOD1 is replaced with Ala.	Alanine	232-235	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	210-214
26952131-6	2016	The 5% inhibitory doses (ID5) of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were estimated to be at their physiological concentrations in mammalian.	Alanine	33-36	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	111-120
26952131-6	2016	The 5% inhibitory doses (ID5) of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were estimated to be at their physiological concentrations in mammalian.	Alanine	33-36	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	143-155
26791187-8	2016	In addition, we showed that reductions in alanine and the AAA tyrosine were significantly related to improved insulin resistance (measured with the use of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), independent of weight loss, in both trials (both P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	42-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
26791187-8	2016	In addition, we showed that reductions in alanine and the AAA tyrosine were significantly related to improved insulin resistance (measured with the use of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), independent of weight loss, in both trials (both P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	42-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	191-198
26662566-6	2016	This also coincided with decreased interaction of eNOS with actin nucleating proteins like myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and Rac1, which plays a role in modulating the cytoskeleton and helps position eNOS in a favorable cytosolic position for active enzymatic activity.	Alanine	105-112	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
26829353-3	2016	Mutation of Ser to Ala in N-terminus of GhDi19-1/-2 led to the altered subcellular localization of the two proteins, but the constitutively activated form (Ser was mutated to Asp) of GhDi19-1/-2 still showed the nuclear localization.	Alanine	19-22	protein DEHYDRATION-INDUCED 19 homolog 3-like	Gossypium hirsutum	40-51
26829353-3	2016	Mutation of Ser to Ala in N-terminus of GhDi19-1/-2 led to the altered subcellular localization of the two proteins, but the constitutively activated form (Ser was mutated to Asp) of GhDi19-1/-2 still showed the nuclear localization.	Alanine	19-22	protein DEHYDRATION-INDUCED 19 homolog 3-like	Gossypium hirsutum	183-194
26636774-4	2016	PHPT1 was prepared from three unprotected peptide segments using two ligation reactions at cysteine and alanine junctions.	Alanine	104-111	phosphohistidine phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
27050458-4	2016	OPA1 interacted with FUNDC1 via its Lys70 (K70) residue, and mutation of K70 to Ala (A), but not to Arg (R), abolished the interaction and promoted mitochondrial fission and mitophagy.	Alanine	80-83	OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase	Homo sapiens	0-4
26872252-8	2016	A single amino acid exchange of an arginine to an alanine residue is sufficient to abolish the antagonistic effect of Gremlin-1 on MIF.	Alanine	50-57	gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	118-127
26366678-8	2016	Overlay of mutant proteins (Y492A or Y501A with tyrosine to alanine at putative GAPDH-binding site) of CpBV-CrV1 on hemocyte monolayer revealed that they could enter hemocytes unlike a mutant in the N-terminal coiled-coil domain.	Alanine	60-67	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Plutella xylostella	80-85
26808997-9	2016	Many other differentially expressed genes were associated with metabolic pathways (including "Fatty acid metabolism", "Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism", and "Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids") and cell signaling pathways (including "PPAR signaling pathway", "Adipocytokine signaling pathway", "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "MAPK signaling pathway", and "p53 signaling pathway").	Alanine	119-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	253-257
26794006-4	2016	Functional alanine-mutagenesis screens of TASK-1 and TRAAK were used to build an in silico model of the TASK-1 cap.	Alanine	11-18	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
29431083-4	2016	More recent studies in the author"s laboratory using breast, prostate, and brain cancer cell lines have shown that inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) is dramatically upregulated after a PDT challenge using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-) -induced protoporphyrin IX as the PS.	Alanine	228-231	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	138-142
29431083-4	2016	More recent studies in the author"s laboratory using breast, prostate, and brain cancer cell lines have shown that inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) is dramatically upregulated after a PDT challenge using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-) -induced protoporphyrin IX as the PS.	Alanine	228-231	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
29762970-9	2016	600), but in the case ProPro12 --Ala, this figure was in 2 times higher The main conclu- sion is that the type ProPro12 --+Ala ofpolymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARG gene causes the development of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes with 5-10 years durations, and Pro Pro12 --Pro - deficiency the enzyme catalase level of antioxidant system in patients with durations of disease more than 5 years.	Alanine	31-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	159-164
29762970-9	2016	600), but in the case ProPro12 --Ala, this figure was in 2 times higher The main conclu- sion is that the type ProPro12 --+Ala ofpolymorphism rs1801282 of the PPARG gene causes the development of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes with 5-10 years durations, and Pro Pro12 --Pro - deficiency the enzyme catalase level of antioxidant system in patients with durations of disease more than 5 years.	Alanine	31-36	catalase	Homo sapiens	317-325
26662566-6	2016	This also coincided with decreased interaction of eNOS with actin nucleating proteins like myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and Rac1, which plays a role in modulating the cytoskeleton and helps position eNOS in a favorable cytosolic position for active enzymatic activity.	Alanine	105-112	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	216-220
26442479-13	2016	Simultaneous silencing of SN1/SN2 transporters increase Gln, glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents (Panel B; marked in red) as compare to non-silenced astrocytes (Panel A).	Alanine	85-92	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	26-29
26442479-4	2016	HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes.	Alanine	164-171	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	34-41
26220009-0	2016	Characterisation of novel RUNX2 mutation with alanine tract expansion from Japanese cleidocranial dysplasia patient.	Alanine	46-53	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
26442479-4	2016	HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes.	Alanine	164-171	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	57-64
26442479-4	2016	HPLC analyses of cell extracts of SN1/SN2 siRNA-treated (SN1/SN2-) astrocytes revealed a ~ 3.5-fold increase in Gln content and doubling of glutathione, aspartate, alanine and glutamate contents, as compared to SN1/SN2+ astrocytes.	Alanine	164-171	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	34-37
26442479-6	2016	The atom percent excess (13) C values (given as M + 1) for alanine, aspartate and glutamate were decreased when the SN1/SN2- cells were incubated with [1-(13) C] glucose, while Gln consumption was not changed.	Alanine	59-66	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	116-119
26585143-5	2016	This chapter focuses on the experimental procedure employed in order to characterize the transcriptional activity of a synonymous polymorphism of the ERalpha (rs746432) called Alanine 87 (Ala87).	Alanine	176-183	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	150-157
26220009-5	2016	To date, a RUNX2 variant with alanine decapeptide expansion (+10Ala) is the only example of a causative variant of RUNX2 with polyalanine tract expansion to be reported, whilst RUNX2 (+1Ala) has been isolated from the healthy population.	Alanine	30-37	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	11-16
26220009-5	2016	To date, a RUNX2 variant with alanine decapeptide expansion (+10Ala) is the only example of a causative variant of RUNX2 with polyalanine tract expansion to be reported, whilst RUNX2 (+1Ala) has been isolated from the healthy population.	Alanine	30-37	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
26220009-5	2016	To date, a RUNX2 variant with alanine decapeptide expansion (+10Ala) is the only example of a causative variant of RUNX2 with polyalanine tract expansion to be reported, whilst RUNX2 (+1Ala) has been isolated from the healthy population.	Alanine	30-37	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
26220009-6	2016	Thus, precise analyses of the RUNX2 (+3Ala) variant were needed to clarify whether the tripeptide expanded RUNX2 is a second disease-causing mutant with alanine tract expansion.	Alanine	153-160	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-112
26220009-7	2016	We therefore investigated the biochemical properties of the mutant RUNX2 (+3Ala), which contains 20 alanine residues in the polyalanine tract.	Alanine	100-107	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
26220009-11	2016	Furthermore, we investigated several other RUNX2 variants with various alanine tract lengths, and found that the threshold for aggregation may be RUNX2 (+3Ala).	Alanine	71-78	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
26220009-11	2016	Furthermore, we investigated several other RUNX2 variants with various alanine tract lengths, and found that the threshold for aggregation may be RUNX2 (+3Ala).	Alanine	71-78	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
26220009-12	2016	We conclude that RUNX2 (+3Ala) is the cause of CCD in our current case, and that the accumulation of intracellular aggregates in vitro is related to the length of the alanine tract.	Alanine	167-174	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
26625309-7	2015	Our results showed that ALA-PDT enhanced the expression of CRT, HSP70, and HMGB1.	Alanine	24-27	calreticulin	Mus musculus	59-62
26625309-7	2015	Our results showed that ALA-PDT enhanced the expression of CRT, HSP70, and HMGB1.	Alanine	24-27	heat shock protein 1B	Mus musculus	64-69
26592152-3	2015	Here, we show that in an extensive mutational alanine screening of the mammalian flippase ATP8A2 catalytic subunit, five mutations stand out by leading to reduced glycosylation of the accessory subunit CDC50A.	Alanine	46-53	transmembrane protein 30A	Homo sapiens	202-208
26350773-3	2015	When Vero cells and DF1 cells were transfected with mutant p17 in which lysine (K) at position 122 and arginine (R) at position 123 were mutated to alanine (A), the expression level of LC3 II decreased dramatically after transfection.	Alanine	148-155	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	59-62
26642194-8	2015	Interestingly, alanine substitution of S373 made mSK1a refractory to the inhibitory effect of phorbol esters, whereas glutamate substitution of the same residue resulted in a significant reduction in mSK1a activity, suggesting the significant role of this phosphorylation event.	Alanine	15-22	skin antigen 1	Mus musculus	49-53
26348925-3	2015	Recently, we identified the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 within the ERalpha ligand binding domain as important residues for receptor non-covalent interaction to ubiquitinated species [i.e., ERalpha ubiquitin-binding surface (ERalpha UBS)] and for E2-induced ERalpha activation.	Alanine	48-55	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-82
26083984-0	2015	Novel fibrinogen mutations (Aalpha17Gly Cys and Aalpha381Ser Phe) occurring with a 312Thr Ala polymorphism: allelic phase assigned by direct mass measurement.	Alanine	90-93	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	6-16
26348925-3	2015	Recently, we identified the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 within the ERalpha ligand binding domain as important residues for receptor non-covalent interaction to ubiquitinated species [i.e., ERalpha ubiquitin-binding surface (ERalpha UBS)] and for E2-induced ERalpha activation.	Alanine	48-55	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	197-204
26348925-3	2015	Recently, we identified the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 within the ERalpha ligand binding domain as important residues for receptor non-covalent interaction to ubiquitinated species [i.e., ERalpha ubiquitin-binding surface (ERalpha UBS)] and for E2-induced ERalpha activation.	Alanine	48-55	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	197-204
26348925-3	2015	Recently, we identified the leucine (L) 429 and alanine (A) 430 within the ERalpha ligand binding domain as important residues for receptor non-covalent interaction to ubiquitinated species [i.e., ERalpha ubiquitin-binding surface (ERalpha UBS)] and for E2-induced ERalpha activation.	Alanine	48-55	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	197-204
26877853-8	2015	CONCLUSION: Our results support an important association between rs1805192 minor allele (Ala allele) of PPARG and lower EH risk, the interaction analysis showed a combined effect of Ala- HDL on lower EH risk.	Alanine	89-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	104-109
26575189-7	2015	Tat1 analogs with stabilized beta-turn conformation at positions 4-5 and 8-9, pointed out by the molecular dynamics modeling and the alanine scan, were synthesized.	Alanine	133-140	solute carrier family 26 member 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
26474216-7	2015	In agreement with these results, metabolic imaging revealed an increased alanine/pyruvate ratio in liver of CCl4-treated rats, which is indicative of elevated ALT activity.	Alanine	73-80	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
26370512-5	2015	The knockdown of the endogenous LMO7b or overexpression of mutated LMO7b with alanine substitutions of five potential JNK phosphorylation sites (LMO7b-5SA) or only Ser-1295 rescued both LMO7b phosphorylation and the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis.	Alanine	78-85	LIM and calponin homology domains 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
26370512-5	2015	The knockdown of the endogenous LMO7b or overexpression of mutated LMO7b with alanine substitutions of five potential JNK phosphorylation sites (LMO7b-5SA) or only Ser-1295 rescued both LMO7b phosphorylation and the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis.	Alanine	78-85	LIM and calponin homology domains 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
26370512-5	2015	The knockdown of the endogenous LMO7b or overexpression of mutated LMO7b with alanine substitutions of five potential JNK phosphorylation sites (LMO7b-5SA) or only Ser-1295 rescued both LMO7b phosphorylation and the hypercapnia-induced Na,K-ATPase endocytosis.	Alanine	78-85	LIM and calponin homology domains 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
26608324-5	2016	While alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified five critical regulatory residues in the front H-binding site of SLAM, the replacement of a conserved glutamate residue (E at position 123, replaced with A [E123A]) led to the most pronounced impact on fusion promotion.	Alanine	6-13	signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
26885119-7	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our results support an important association between rs1805192 minor allele (Ala allele) of PPAR gamma and DR, the interaction analysis shown a combined effect of Ala- BMI interaction on DR.	Alanine	90-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	105-115
26321242-7	2015	The VPAC2 receptor agonist BAY 55-9837 induced similar activation, while the VPAC1 receptor agonist Ala(11,22,28)VIP had no significant effect on [Ca(2+)]i.	Alanine	100-103	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
26342079-5	2015	Importantly, mutation of these conserved ISD11 residues into alanine leads to its compromised interaction with NFS1, resulting in reduced stability and enhanced aggregation of NFS1 in the mitochondria.	Alanine	61-68	LYR motif containing 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
26576332-11	2015	Wild type MCF-7 cells are reported to be heterozygous for a G to A mutation that results in a substitution of threonine for alanine near PDK4"s catalytic site.	Alanine	124-131	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	137-141
26302991-4	2015	Here, we demonstrate that methotrexate increases the response of CTCL to ALA-PDT, a concept we refer to as epigenetically enhanced PDT (ePDT).	Alanine	73-76	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
27858752-5	2015	METHODS: We immunized rabbits with a GST-tagged alanine peptide and tested the resulting serum against alanine-expanded PABPN1 expressed in cell culture as well as in animal models of OPMD.	Alanine	48-55	polyadenylate-binding protein 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	120-126
27858752-5	2015	METHODS: We immunized rabbits with a GST-tagged alanine peptide and tested the resulting serum against alanine-expanded PABPN1 expressed in cell culture as well as in animal models of OPMD.	Alanine	103-110	polyadenylate-binding protein 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	120-126
25754174-5	2015	The homomeric interaction among Pht1;1 proteins was disrupted by mutation of Tyr 312 to Asp, but not to Ala or Phe.	Alanine	104-107	phosphate transporter 1;1	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-38
26123064-5	2015	In addition, we found that replacement of highly conserved Phe266 (TM7), Phe352 (TM9), Glu353 (TM9) and Glu380 (TM10) with Ala abolished transport activity of Acr3p, while mutation of Ser349 (TM9) to Ala significantly reduced the As(III)/H(+) exchange, suggesting an important role of these residues in the transport mechanism.	Alanine	123-126	Arr3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	159-164
26123064-5	2015	In addition, we found that replacement of highly conserved Phe266 (TM7), Phe352 (TM9), Glu353 (TM9) and Glu380 (TM10) with Ala abolished transport activity of Acr3p, while mutation of Ser349 (TM9) to Ala significantly reduced the As(III)/H(+) exchange, suggesting an important role of these residues in the transport mechanism.	Alanine	200-203	Arr3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	159-164
26140698-4	2015	In the present study, superoxide dismutase 1/glycine residue 93 changed to alanine (SOD1(G93A) ) transgenic mice were used as a model of ALS.	Alanine	75-82	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	84-88
26320175-4	2015	We show that serine-to-alanine alterations at critical residues within the SQ-cluster known to be phosphorylated by ATM and ATR result in reduced homologous recombination repair (HRR) and aberrant mitosis.	Alanine	23-30	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	124-127
26556661-4	2015	The single nucleotide polymorphism, resulting in a non-conservative replacement of alanine to valine (CD24v) precedes immediately GPI anchorage site (position omega-1), determines CD24 loss activity.	Alanine	83-90	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-106
26355313-2	2015	The frequency of incidence of minor Ala-allele of PPAR-gamma gene in those patients was not found to be significantly different from that in healthy individuals.	Alanine	36-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-60
26345619-3	2015	The individual substitution of several conserved residues for Ala in Stp1 corresponding to those interacting with D-glucose in the xylose/H(+) symporter XylE inflicted contrasting effects on its ability to support the growth of an hxt-null yeast on glucose.	Alanine	62-65	Stp1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
26269602-7	2015	The Asp-102 and Ala-285 variants are more stable than wild-type rhodanese and exhibit kcat/Km,CN values that are 17- and 1.6-fold higher, respectively.	Alanine	16-19	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	64-73
26269602-9	2015	The kcat/Km,sulfite values for the variants in the sulfur transfer reaction from GSSH to sulfite were 1.6- (Asp-102) and 4-fold (Ala-285) lower than for wild-type rhodanese, whereas the kcat/Km,GSSH values were similar for all three enzymes.	Alanine	129-132	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	163-172
26355313-4	2015	At the same time, alanine aminotransferase activity in patients with Ala-allele was significantly higher on 80,0% (p=0,03) than in patients with Pro/Pro -genotype PPAR-gamma gene.	Alanine	69-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	163-173
26253719-3	2015	It was previously shown that substitutions at the catalytic residues, aspartate-142 position replaced to leucine-142 and tyrosine-185 position replaced to alanine-185 strongly reduces the PPIase activity of Mip proteins.	Alanine	155-162	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	Homo sapiens	207-210
26200472-6	2015	Replacement of hAChE residues known to be essential for its interaction with Fas with alanine, in this peptide, resulted in almost complete loss of binding to Fas.	Alanine	86-93	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	15-20
26306809-6	2015	In silico analysis of rubusoside:protein interactions pinpointed a major difference in substrate cavity between these transporters, a residue that is a tryptophan in GLUT1 but an alanine in GLUT5.	Alanine	179-186	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Homo sapiens	190-195
26258638-2	2015	We generated these maps by measuring the effects of alanine mutations on the stability of Galphai1 and the rhodopsin-Galphai1 complex.	Alanine	52-59	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	107-116
26200251-6	2015	Analysis of axon growth from cultured neurons expressing deletion mutants of the CaSR cytoplasmic tail revealed that the region between alanine 877 and glycine 907 is required for promoting axon growth that is distinct from the high-affinity filamin-A binding site that has previously been implicated in ERK1/ERK2 activation.	Alanine	136-143	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	81-85
26240340-4	2015	Through an alanine scan of the ubiquitin surface, we identified a functional hotspot on ubiquitin that is required for the stimulation of human Dot1 in vitro.	Alanine	11-18	DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
25995437-9	2015	Likewise, introduction of exogenous PDH-E1alpha that contains serine to alanine mutations, which can no longer be regulated by phosphorylation, also blunted the decrease in OCR seen with PI3K/mTOR inhibition.	Alanine	72-79	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
26025336-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Infants born to mothers with Pro12 genotype have better neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months of age than Ala allele carriers, indicating a long-term transplacental action of PPARgamma variants on foetal brain development.	Alanine	122-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	191-200
25706541-4	2015	Recent in vitro studies on breast and prostate cancer cells have shown that inducible NOS (iNOS) along with NO is dramatically upregulated after an ALA-PDT-like challenge.	Alanine	148-151	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	76-89
25706541-4	2015	Recent in vitro studies on breast and prostate cancer cells have shown that inducible NOS (iNOS) along with NO is dramatically upregulated after an ALA-PDT-like challenge.	Alanine	148-151	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
26248668-5	2015	Furthermore, this Env-tetherin interaction required an alanine face in the tetherin ectodomain, although insertion of this domain into an artificial tetherin-like protein was not sufficient to confer sensitivity to the HIV-2 Env.	Alanine	55-62	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	18-21
25982144-15	2015	Also, the mRNA, total protein, and acetylation levels of p53 were increased, whereas some downstream anti-apoptotic or pro-proliferative factors of miR-34a such as BCL2, CCND1, CDK6, and SIRT1 were decreased in the SDT group compared with the control, ALA alone, and ultrasound alone groups.	Alanine	252-255	microRNA 34a	Mus musculus	148-155
26230322-8	2015	The secondary structure study revealed that the penta-Trp Ala substitutions also increased the helical content in the MPER sequence, which prompted us to study the biological relevance of such mutations in pre-fusion Env.	Alanine	58-61	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	217-220
26230322-9	2015	We observed that Ala mutations of Trp664, Trp668 and Trp670 in MPER moderately lowered the intracellular and intraviral contents of Env while significantly elevating the content of another viral structural protein, p55/Gag and its derivative p24/capsid.	Alanine	17-20	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	132-135
26230322-9	2015	We observed that Ala mutations of Trp664, Trp668 and Trp670 in MPER moderately lowered the intracellular and intraviral contents of Env while significantly elevating the content of another viral structural protein, p55/Gag and its derivative p24/capsid.	Alanine	17-20	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2	Homo sapiens	242-245
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	22-29	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	89-94
25870942-4	2015	In this study, we report a novel PBGD missense mutation, A G-to-C, at the position 988 resulting in Alanine to Proline (Ala330Pro), in a Chinese family.	Alanine	100-107	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	33-37
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	22-29	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	212-217
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	31-34	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	89-94
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	31-34	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	212-217
26107504-8	2015	To study whether the inability to form the 6HB was responsible for the prefusion-like antibody reactivity profile, alanine mutations were introduced in HRB.	Alanine	115-122	ArfGAP with FG repeats 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
26134678-8	2015	By contrast, mutating the phosphorylation site S558 to alanine in TACC3 causes aneuploidy without a significant change in mitotic duration.	Alanine	55-62	transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
29218193-1	2015	We report on the successful synthesis and hyperpolarization of N-unprotected alpha-amino acid ethyl propionate esters and extensively, on an alanine derivative hyperpolarized by PHIP (4.4 +- 1.0% 13C-polarization), meeting required levels for in vivo detection.	Alanine	141-148	pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein	Homo sapiens	178-182
25808833-4	2015	The epitopes of anti-PDGFRalpha recombinant human mAb were defined by molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance binding assays, screening of a conformational peptide library spanning the PDGFRalpha extracellular domains, and expression analyses of alanine-scanned PDGFRalpha mutants.	Alanine	251-258	platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-31
26107504-9	2015	Although introduction of alanine residues in HRB inhibited the formation of the 6HB, the exposure of postfusion-specific antigenic site I was not prevented.	Alanine	25-32	ArfGAP with FG repeats 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
25690651-9	2015	Substitution of Cys(18) or Cys(19) residue to Ala impaired Gi-mediated signaling via hGPR109A.	Alanine	46-49	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	85-93
25502405-9	2015	The combined results showed that PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with the obesity risk (Ala vs.	Alanine	49-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	33-43
26112936-4	2015	We have shown that the number of alanine (GCG) repeats at the amino terminus of the GPX1 protein is variable.	Alanine	33-40	glucagon	Homo sapiens	42-45
25371350-7	2015	SB334867 and TCS-OX2-29, specific OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists, blocked the excitatory effect of orexin, and [Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B, a selective OX2 receptor agonist, mimics the orexin-induced inward current on IVN neurons.	Alanine	114-117	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
25371350-7	2015	SB334867 and TCS-OX2-29, specific OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists, blocked the excitatory effect of orexin, and [Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B, a selective OX2 receptor agonist, mimics the orexin-induced inward current on IVN neurons.	Alanine	114-117	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	134-140
25944616-5	2015	To further confirm the importance of Akt-dependent filamin A S2152 phosphorylation in As(3+)-induced cell migration, we over-expressed either wild type filamin A or the mutated filamin A in which the S2152 was substituted with alanine (S2152A).	Alanine	227-234	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
25897024-9	2015	Asn-to-Ala mutations SmB and SmD3 caused synthetic defects in the absence of Mud1 or Mud2.	Alanine	7-10	Mud2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	85-89
26018492-4	2015	Alanine mutation of the Ago2-facing Lys56 in eIF1A impairs RNAi activities in human cells and zebrafish.	Alanine	0-7	argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
26574403-0	2015	Effects of Polarizable Solvent Models upon the Relative Stability of an alpha-Helical and a beta-Hairpin Structure of an Alanine Decapeptide.	Alanine	121-128	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	90-96
25857330-0	2015	Increased Turnover at Limiting O2 Concentrations by the Thr(387)   Ala Variant of HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase PHD2.	Alanine	67-70	egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
25857330-6	2015	X-Band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the {FeNO}(7) centers of the (Fe+NO+2OG) enzyme forms showed the presence of a more rhombic line shape in Thr(387)   Ala than in WT PHD2, indicating an altered conformation for bound gas in this variant.	Alanine	172-175	egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1	Homo sapiens	187-191
25970584-8	2015	Alanine substitutions at the four phosphosites cause hyper-repression of transcription indicating that phosphorylation of Bdp1 opposes Maf1-mediated repression.	Alanine	0-7	transcription factor TFIIIB subunit BDP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	122-126
25778840-10	2015	The alpha helix forming alanine stretch N-terminal, unique to HLH ID4 domain was required for optimum interaction.	Alanine	24-31	inhibitor of DNA binding 4, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	66-69
25684709-6	2015	In contrast, when the respective steric gate residues were mutated to alanine, the differences in HDX between the dNTP- and rNTP-bound ternary complexes were attenuated such that for DinB(F13A) and pol kappa(Y112A), ternary complexes with either G:dCTP or G:rCTP base pairs had similar HDX profiles.	Alanine	70-77	coagulation factor XIII A chain	Homo sapiens	183-192
25733664-6	2015	Here we show that the systematic conversion of these prolines to alanine increased the thermodynamic stability of apoA-IV and its propensity to oligomerize.	Alanine	65-72	apolipoprotein A4	Homo sapiens	114-121
25753141-1	2015	A method based on CZE for the determination of glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine in a biopharmaceutical formulation containing recombinant human erythropoietin was developed.	Alanine	75-82	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	147-161
25734989-10	2015	In sensory neurons expressing mutated TRPV1, we found that alanine mutation of S800 commonly attenuates PMA-induced hypersensitivity to capsaicin, heat, and acid.	Alanine	59-66	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	38-43
25886460-11	2015	All the PUFAs tested enhanced, while 5-FU decreased LXA4 formation in RKO cells; whereas GLA, AA, and 5-FU augmented while LA, ALA, EPA and DHA enhanced COX-2 expression in RKO cells.	Alanine	127-130	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	153-158
25803126-4	2015	Mutation of the active site zinc ligands to alanine or the unique zinc ligand Cys971 to histidine resulted in a decrease of the cyclization rate, especially for the second cyclization of the substrates ProcA1.1, ProcA2.8, and ProcA3.3.	Alanine	44-51	protein interacting with cyclin A1	Homo sapiens	202-208
25886460-8	2015	LA, GLA, AA, ALA and EPA supplementation to LoVo cells suppressed production of PGE2, LTB4,and ALOX5, mPGES expression, but enhanced that of LXA4; whereas DHA enhanced PGE2 and LXA4 synthesis but decreased LTB4 formation and COX-2, ALOX5, mPGES expression.	Alanine	13-16	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	95-100
25854427-8	2015	Computational prediction and immunoprecipitation using several constructs having Ser to Ala mutation at potential p-Ser sites of TCTP revealed that insulin phosphorylated the serine-9 and -15 residues of TCTP.	Alanine	88-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
25886460-10	2015	PGE2, LTB4 synthesis and ALOX5 expression was suppressed by LA, GLA, ALA and DHA; whereas AA, EPA and 5-FU enhanced PGE2 but paradoxically AA decreased and EPA and 5-FU enhanced LTB4 synthesis in RKO cells.	Alanine	69-72	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	25-30
25694424-7	2015	We show that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent FGF2 oligomerization concomitant with the generation of membrane pores depends on FGF2 surface cysteines as either chemical alkylation or substitution with alanines impairs these processes.	Alanine	217-225	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-65
25694424-7	2015	We show that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent FGF2 oligomerization concomitant with the generation of membrane pores depends on FGF2 surface cysteines as either chemical alkylation or substitution with alanines impairs these processes.	Alanine	217-225	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
25451601-0	2015	Transport of L-glutamine, L-alanine, L-arginine and L-histidine by the neuron-specific Slc38a8 (SNAT8) in CNS.	Alanine	26-35	solute carrier family 38, member 8	Mus musculus	87-94
25597766-2	2015	While the "C5100U5101" natural mutations in the upstream ORF1 coding region replace "alanine" for the conserved "valine", the "G5117G5118" doublet resides in the downstream non-coding/promoter region of ORF3 gene.	Alanine	85-92	ORF1	Homo sapiens	57-61
25825591-7	2015	RESULTS: We found a significant association between TNF-alpha-238 guanine to alanine (GA) polymorphism and carriers of variant allele A between NAFLD patients with and without CAD (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	77-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
25451601-4	2015	We show that SLC38A8 has preference for transporting L-glutamine, L-alanine, L-arginine, L-histidine and L-aspartate using a Na+-dependent transport mechanism and that the functional characteristics of SNAT8 have highest similarity to the known System A transporters.	Alanine	66-75	solute carrier family 38, member 8	Mus musculus	13-20
25480797-6	2015	Plasma AA concentration was decreased in Slc43a2 null pups, in particular that of non-essential AAs alanine, serine, histidine and proline.	Alanine	100-107	solute carrier family 43, member 2	Mus musculus	41-48
25793724-6	2015	Variants with single alanine substitutions at H55, R67, L71, S78, or D109 had nearly wild-type activity with DEABAG but significantly decreased activity with Gsalpha, suggesting that the corresponding residues in native CTA1 participate in recognizing Gsalpha.	Alanine	21-28	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	158-165
25793724-6	2015	Variants with single alanine substitutions at H55, R67, L71, S78, or D109 had nearly wild-type activity with DEABAG but significantly decreased activity with Gsalpha, suggesting that the corresponding residues in native CTA1 participate in recognizing Gsalpha.	Alanine	21-28	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	252-259
25578862-4	2015	In fibroblasts expressing NHE1 alanine mutants for either Rock (T653A) or ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk; S703A) we show that each site is partially responsible for the LPA-induced increase in transport activity while NHE1 phosphorylation by either Rock or Rsk at their respective site is sufficient for LPA stimulated stress fiber formation and migration.	Alanine	31-38	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	26-30
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	centromere protein U	Homo sapiens	46-51
25567748-3	2015	The current hypothesis is that these mutations induce a permanent shift in the affinity from L-serine toward L-alanine which results in a pathologically increased 1-deoxySL formation in HSAN1 patients.	Alanine	109-118	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
25568342-5	2015	We demonstrate that alanine substitution of a single threonine residue at position 61 (T61) in CD30v abrogates CD30v-mediated NFkappaB activation, CD30v-mediated resistance to apoptosis, and CD30v-enhanced proliferation, as well as restores normal G2/M-checkpoint arrest upon H2O2 treatment while maintaining its unexpected subcellular distribution.	Alanine	20-27	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	126-134
25886724-8	2015	Additionally, Mps1 mutant loss of pNES integrity was shown by replacing leucine with alanine which produced a diffused subcellular distribution, compared to the wild type protein which resides predominantly in cytoplasm.	Alanine	85-92	macrophage expressed 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
25585026-10	2015	Furthermore, mutation of cysteines to alanine, 248C/A, 277C/A, or 501C/A abrogated, while 490C/A significantly reduced, TGF-beta-mediated Src activation.	Alanine	38-45	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	120-128
26312888-12	2015	Antagonism of alanine transport in CD4 T cells might contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis through modulation of virus production, impairment of the adaptive immune response, or enhancement of CD4 T-cell loss.	Alanine	14-21	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	35-38
26312888-12	2015	Antagonism of alanine transport in CD4 T cells might contribute to HIV-1 pathogenesis through modulation of virus production, impairment of the adaptive immune response, or enhancement of CD4 T-cell loss.	Alanine	14-21	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	188-191
25585026-10	2015	Furthermore, mutation of cysteines to alanine, 248C/A, 277C/A, or 501C/A abrogated, while 490C/A significantly reduced, TGF-beta-mediated Src activation.	Alanine	38-45	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	138-141
25663111-3	2015	Mutation of Mip protein on catalytic residues at Aspartate-142 position replaced to Leucine-142 and Tyrosine-185 position replaced to Alanine-185 that strongly reduces the PPIase activity.	Alanine	134-141	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	Homo sapiens	12-15
25312595-4	2015	We report a comprehensive structure and stability study of Ala, Ser, Thr, and Val mutations at each of the three buried free-Cys positions (Cys16, Cys83, and Cys117) in fibroblast growth factor-1.	Alanine	59-62	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	169-195
25523083-4	2015	The autoproteolytic cleavage of Anabaena LexA occurs at pH 8.5 and above, stimulated by the addition of Ca(2+) and in the temperature range of 30-57 C. Mutational analysis of Anabaena LexA protein indicated that the cleavage occurred at the peptide bond between Ala-84 and Gly-85, and optimal cleavage required the presence of Ser-118 and Lys-159, as also observed for LexA protein of Escherichia coli.	Alanine	262-265	DNA repair system	Escherichia coli	41-45
25523083-4	2015	The autoproteolytic cleavage of Anabaena LexA occurs at pH 8.5 and above, stimulated by the addition of Ca(2+) and in the temperature range of 30-57 C. Mutational analysis of Anabaena LexA protein indicated that the cleavage occurred at the peptide bond between Ala-84 and Gly-85, and optimal cleavage required the presence of Ser-118 and Lys-159, as also observed for LexA protein of Escherichia coli.	Alanine	262-265	DNA repair system	Escherichia coli	184-188
25523083-4	2015	The autoproteolytic cleavage of Anabaena LexA occurs at pH 8.5 and above, stimulated by the addition of Ca(2+) and in the temperature range of 30-57 C. Mutational analysis of Anabaena LexA protein indicated that the cleavage occurred at the peptide bond between Ala-84 and Gly-85, and optimal cleavage required the presence of Ser-118 and Lys-159, as also observed for LexA protein of Escherichia coli.	Alanine	262-265	DNA repair system	Escherichia coli	184-188
25171319-7	2015	RESULTS: An expansion of 7 alanines in the first polyalanine tract of both human ARX and mouse Arx altered enteroendocrine differentiation.	Alanine	27-35	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	81-84
25257139-0	2015	Investigation of alanine mutations affecting insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I binding to IGF binding proteins.	Alanine	17-24	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	45-79
25877608-10	2015	The FOXE1 14 alanine allele was significantly less common in the POF patient group than the controls [84.5% (186/220) versus 98.2% (216/220); chi2 = 25.923, P = 0.001].	Alanine	13-20	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
25877608-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) gene on genetic susceptibility to idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF).	Alanine	52-59	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	165-168
25852448-2	2015	The RUNX2 gene consists of a glutamine and alanine repeat domain (Q/A domain, 23Q/17A), a DNA-binding Runt domain and a proline/serine/threonine-rich domain.	Alanine	43-50	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
25877608-11	2015	The FOXE1 16 alanine allele was significantly more common in the POF patient group than the controls [12.7% (28/220) versus 1.8% (4/220); chi2 = 19.412, P = 0.001].	Alanine	13-20	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
25603346-9	2015	The peptides with an alanine extension blocked Kv1.3 at low pM concentrations and exhibited up to 2250-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1.	Alanine	21-28	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 3	Mus musculus	47-52
25603346-9	2015	The peptides with an alanine extension blocked Kv1.3 at low pM concentrations and exhibited up to 2250-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1.	Alanine	21-28	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 3	Mus musculus	124-129
25603346-9	2015	The peptides with an alanine extension blocked Kv1.3 at low pM concentrations and exhibited up to 2250-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over Kv1.1.	Alanine	21-28	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	135-140
25640271-0	2015	Critical role of ABCG2 in ALA-photodynamic diagnosis and therapy of human brain tumor.	Alanine	26-29	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-22
25447552-8	2015	Migration of the Ishikawa cells was impaired when STIM1 phosphorylation was targeted by Ser-to-Ala substitution mutation of ERK1/2 target sites.	Alanine	95-98	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
25998063-1	2015	Numerous sub-cellular through system-level disturbances have been identified in over 1300 articles examining the superoxide dismutase-1 guanine 93 to alanine (SOD1-G93A) transgenic mouse amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathophysiology.	Alanine	150-157	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	159-163
25447552-8	2015	Migration of the Ishikawa cells was impaired when STIM1 phosphorylation was targeted by Ser-to-Ala substitution mutation of ERK1/2 target sites.	Alanine	95-98	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	124-130
26185753-9	2015	Subjects with PPARG2 Ala- phenotype (genotype 12Pro/Pro) showed a decreased HOMA-IR index versus individuals with Ala+ phenotype (genotypes 12Pro/Ala plus 12Ala/Ala).	Alanine	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-20
25821801-6	2015	Alanine and glycine explained 10% of insulin resistance variability.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
25620877-2	2015	Here, an alanine-to-threonine substitution (caused by the only non-synonymous difference between the CDC Bold and TR251 HvCslF6 alleles) was mapped to a position within HvCSLF6 that seems unlikely to affect enzyme stability or function.	Alanine	9-16	CslF6	Hordeum vulgare	120-127
25320298-3	2015	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed that a single F66A point mutation abolished binding of ORF45 to RSK or ERK and, consequently, its ability to activate the kinases.	Alanine	0-7	ORF45	Human gammaherpesvirus 8	108-113
25320298-3	2015	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed that a single F66A point mutation abolished binding of ORF45 to RSK or ERK and, consequently, its ability to activate the kinases.	Alanine	0-7	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A2	Homo sapiens	117-120
25320298-3	2015	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed that a single F66A point mutation abolished binding of ORF45 to RSK or ERK and, consequently, its ability to activate the kinases.	Alanine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
25620877-2	2015	Here, an alanine-to-threonine substitution (caused by the only non-synonymous difference between the CDC Bold and TR251 HvCslF6 alleles) was mapped to a position within HvCSLF6 that seems unlikely to affect enzyme stability or function.	Alanine	9-16	CslF6	Hordeum vulgare	169-176
25384984-5	2014	Within this motif, triple alanine substitution of residues Leu(496), Leu(500), and Trp(503), which are thought to mediate direct beta1a-RyR1 interactions, weakened EC coupling but did not replicate the truncated phenotype.	Alanine	26-33	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
26368055-8	2015	However, the levels of 7 amino acids showed significantly different alteration between atg5 and WT in the dark: 6 amino acids, particularly arginine and alanine, were much more deficient in the atg5 mutants, irrespective of the early degradation of Rubisco protein.	Alanine	153-160	Atg5p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	194-198
25258324-9	2014	Alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation target sites increases MCM binding but blocks Cdc45 loading in vivo and inhibits cell division.	Alanine	0-7	cell division cycle 45	Homo sapiens	103-108
25258324-10	2014	In egg extracts alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites blocks Cdc45 loading and inhibits DNA replication.	Alanine	16-23	cell division cycle 45	Homo sapiens	86-91
25404306-4	2014	Selected 5"-tiRNAs (e.g., tiRNA(Ala), tiRNA(Cys)) cooperate with the translational repressor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) to displace the cap-binding complex eIF4F from capped mRNA, inhibit translation initiation, and induce the assembly of stress granules (SGs).	Alanine	32-35	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	93-116
25404306-4	2014	Selected 5"-tiRNAs (e.g., tiRNA(Ala), tiRNA(Cys)) cooperate with the translational repressor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) to displace the cap-binding complex eIF4F from capped mRNA, inhibit translation initiation, and induce the assembly of stress granules (SGs).	Alanine	32-35	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
25404306-6	2014	We show that tiRNA(Ala) binds the cold shock domain of YB-1 to activate these translational reprogramming events.	Alanine	19-22	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
25414336-1	2014	Mammalian splicing regulatory protein RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) has an alanine repeat-containing C-terminal domain (CAD) that confers both nuclear- and splicing speckle-targeting activities.	Alanine	80-87	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-65
25414336-1	2014	Mammalian splicing regulatory protein RNA-binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) has an alanine repeat-containing C-terminal domain (CAD) that confers both nuclear- and splicing speckle-targeting activities.	Alanine	80-87	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
25414336-11	2014	Our results indicate that the alanine-rich CAD, in conjunction with its conjoined RNA-binding domain(s), differentially influences the subnuclear localization and biogenesis of RBM4 and CoAZ.	Alanine	30-37	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	177-181
25414336-3	2014	Here we show that the alanine-repeat tracts influence the subnuclear targeting properties of the RBM4 CAD in cultured human cells.	Alanine	22-29	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
25414336-4	2014	Notably, truncation of the alanine tracts redistributed a portion of RBM4 to paraspeckles.	Alanine	27-34	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
25414336-6	2014	On the other hand, alanine-repeat expansion reduced the mobility of RBM4 and impaired its splicing activity.	Alanine	19-26	RNA binding motif protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
25450693-5	2014	Ser29/30 mutation to Alanine inhibited ARNO interaction and was sufficient to block RLIP76-dependent cell spreading and migration, as well as RLIP76-dependent Arf6 activation.	Alanine	21-28	cytohesin 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
25244701-4	2014	Using the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of the p53 protein as an experimental model, a set of proline (PRO) and alanine (ALA) to glycine (GLY) substitution variants were designed to modulate backbone conformational propensities without introducing non-native intramolecular interactions.	Alanine	125-132	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	60-63
25336643-4	2014	Mutating two (residues 214 and 215) or three (residues 213-215) of the four residues to alanine partially decreased agonist-induced recruitment of arrestin3 without altering activation of a G protein.	Alanine	88-95	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	147-156
24617291-7	2014	Also ALA decreased IL-1beta and Caspase 3 levels that increased in SNC group.	Alanine	5-8	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	19-27
24346842-4	2014	RESULTS: In this CPHD patient, we identified a novel hemizygous 21-base pair deletion, resulting in the loss of 7 alanine residues from polyalanine (PA) tracts of SOX3.	Alanine	114-121	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	163-167
25451252-7	2014	Furthermore, supplement of the alanine tRNA or threonine tRNA increased IL-2 productivity of IL-2 HL.	Alanine	31-38	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
25145386-8	2014	PDK4 normally down-regulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, an enzyme complex that catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for entry into the Krebs cycle; in the absence of MondoA, pyruvate is diverted towards lactate and alanine, both products of glycolysis.	Alanine	247-254	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	0-4
25451252-7	2014	Furthermore, supplement of the alanine tRNA or threonine tRNA increased IL-2 productivity of IL-2 HL.	Alanine	31-38	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
25253696-4	2014	The Ala-673 residue lies within the beta-secretase recognition sequence and is part of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide cleavage product (position 2 of Abeta).	Alanine	4-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	91-103
25303995-7	2014	Guided by the Prp28 AMPPNP structure, and that of the Drosophila Vasa AMPPNP Mg2+ RNA complex, we targeted 20 positions in Prp28 for alanine scanning.	Alanine	133-140	mRNA splicing protein PRP28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	123-128
25253696-4	2014	The Ala-673 residue lies within the beta-secretase recognition sequence and is part of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide cleavage product (position 2 of Abeta).	Alanine	4-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	105-110
25253696-4	2014	The Ala-673 residue lies within the beta-secretase recognition sequence and is part of the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide cleavage product (position 2 of Abeta).	Alanine	4-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	152-157
25253695-1	2014	Missense mutations in alanine 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which corresponds to the second alanine of the amyloid beta (Abeta) sequence, have dramatic impact on the risk for Alzheimer disease; A2V is causative, and A2T is protective.	Alanine	22-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	41-66
25253695-1	2014	Missense mutations in alanine 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which corresponds to the second alanine of the amyloid beta (Abeta) sequence, have dramatic impact on the risk for Alzheimer disease; A2V is causative, and A2T is protective.	Alanine	22-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	121-133
25253695-1	2014	Missense mutations in alanine 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which corresponds to the second alanine of the amyloid beta (Abeta) sequence, have dramatic impact on the risk for Alzheimer disease; A2V is causative, and A2T is protective.	Alanine	22-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	135-140
25139949-6	2014	Mutants with alanine substitutions at positions E67, C68, L70, E72, F76, Q83 and L85 were not impaired in dimerization, but were defective in interactions with ParB.	Alanine	13-20	ParB partitioning protein	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	160-164
25253695-1	2014	Missense mutations in alanine 673 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which corresponds to the second alanine of the amyloid beta (Abeta) sequence, have dramatic impact on the risk for Alzheimer disease; A2V is causative, and A2T is protective.	Alanine	106-113	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	41-66
25301019-5	2014	Moreover, addition of L-alanine or L-serine markedly reduced the production of several cytokines including TNF-alpha induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through inhibition of NF-kappaB activity or STAT3 phosphorylation in neutrophils.	Alanine	22-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
25301019-5	2014	Moreover, addition of L-alanine or L-serine markedly reduced the production of several cytokines including TNF-alpha induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through inhibition of NF-kappaB activity or STAT3 phosphorylation in neutrophils.	Alanine	22-31	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	197-202
24690753-5	2014	For the first time, we discovered a potential spectral variation (180 Ser/Ala) in LWS-1 that differed at an amino acid site known to affect the absorption spectra of opsins.	Alanine	74-77	red-sensitive opsin-like	Poecilia reticulata	82-87
24924519-7	2014	Lastly, substitution of serine 10 in Dlx3 to alanine significantly reduces, if not completely abolishes, the phosphorylation of Dlx3 and the regulation of Dlx3 function by PKA.	Alanine	45-52	distal-less homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
24924519-7	2014	Lastly, substitution of serine 10 in Dlx3 to alanine significantly reduces, if not completely abolishes, the phosphorylation of Dlx3 and the regulation of Dlx3 function by PKA.	Alanine	45-52	distal-less homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	128-132
24924519-7	2014	Lastly, substitution of serine 10 in Dlx3 to alanine significantly reduces, if not completely abolishes, the phosphorylation of Dlx3 and the regulation of Dlx3 function by PKA.	Alanine	45-52	distal-less homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	128-132
25196843-6	2014	Alanine substitutions at HO-2 residues Leu-201 and Lys-169 cause a respective 3- and 22-fold increase in K(m) values for CPR, consistent with a role for these residues in CPR binding.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	121-124
25196843-6	2014	Alanine substitutions at HO-2 residues Leu-201 and Lys-169 cause a respective 3- and 22-fold increase in K(m) values for CPR, consistent with a role for these residues in CPR binding.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	171-174
25005136-6	2014	The results showed that LHT6 is involved in uptake of acidic amino acids, glutamine and alanine, and probably phenylalanine.	Alanine	88-95	Transmembrane amino acid transporter family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
25204653-7	2014	Mutation of the two C-terminal serine residues in MKP-1 and MKP-2 to alanine decreased their half-lives, while mutating these residues to aspartate dramatically increased their half-lives.	Alanine	69-76	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
26461366-9	2014	The potential involvement of any cysteine residues in Src activation by TGF-beta1was further examined by site-directed mutation of cysteine to alanine using a FLAG-tagged human Src construct.	Alanine	143-150	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	72-81
25027037-7	2014	Critically, macrophages generated from mice in which the S727 residue was replaced with alanine (STAT1 S727A mice) display significantly reduced TNFalpha protein production, but not reduced interleukin-6 or RANTES protein in response to multiple TLR challenges, as compared with wild-type macrophages.	Alanine	88-95	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	145-153
25249606-4	2014	METHODS: To address this question, we generated knock-in mice carrying an inactivating Glutamate to Alanine (E&gt;A) point mutation in the catalytic site of ADAM15 (Adam15E&gt;A mice) and subjected these animals to the OIR model and a heterotopic tumor model.	Alanine	100-107	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 15 (metargidin)	Mus musculus	157-163
25267294-6	2014	We show that mutating CtIP at S327 or T847 to nonphosphorylatable alanine phenocopies Plk3 or CtIP loss.	Alanine	66-73	RB binding protein 8, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	22-26
25267294-6	2014	We show that mutating CtIP at S327 or T847 to nonphosphorylatable alanine phenocopies Plk3 or CtIP loss.	Alanine	66-73	polo like kinase 3	Homo sapiens	86-90
25267294-6	2014	We show that mutating CtIP at S327 or T847 to nonphosphorylatable alanine phenocopies Plk3 or CtIP loss.	Alanine	66-73	RB binding protein 8, endonuclease	Homo sapiens	94-98
24942576-8	2014	Alanine-scanning mutational analysis of the first 62 amino acids of Vif2 indicated that Vif2 determinants important for degradation of A3G and A3F are completely distinct from these regions in Vif1, as are the determinants in A3G and A3F that are critical for Vif2-induced degradation.	Alanine	0-7	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	135-138
25049229-8	2014	We suggest that a surface of GRK2, including Leu(4), Val(7), Leu(8), Val(11), and Ser(12), directly interacts with receptors, whereas residues such as Asp(10), Tyr(13), Ala(16), Met(17), Gly(475), Val(477), and Ile(485) are more important for kinase domain closure and activation.	Alanine	169-172	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
24862165-8	2014	The effects of ET-1 on VEGF-R1 mRNA were mimicked by Ala(1,3,11,15) -ET-1, a selective agonist for ETB receptors, and inhibited by BQ788, an ETB antagonist.	Alanine	53-56	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-30
24862165-8	2014	The effects of ET-1 on VEGF-R1 mRNA were mimicked by Ala(1,3,11,15) -ET-1, a selective agonist for ETB receptors, and inhibited by BQ788, an ETB antagonist.	Alanine	53-56	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
25086033-6	2014	Mammalian NKCCs are regulated by a kinase cascade consisting of the with-no-lysine (WNK) and Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich (SPAK)/oxidative stress response (OSR1) kinases.	Alanine	115-122	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	129-133
24899227-4	2014	Earlier results showed that replacing residues D519, E665, and E1984 at the A2 domain interface with Ala or Val reduced rates of FVIIIa decay, increasing FXa and thrombin generation.	Alanine	101-104	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	162-170
24942576-8	2014	Alanine-scanning mutational analysis of the first 62 amino acids of Vif2 indicated that Vif2 determinants important for degradation of A3G and A3F are completely distinct from these regions in Vif1, as are the determinants in A3G and A3F that are critical for Vif2-induced degradation.	Alanine	0-7	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	226-229
24729602-3	2014	METHODS: qnrS1 and 11 qnrS1 alleles with site-directed Ala mutations in loop B were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and proteins were purified by affinity chromatography.	Alanine	55-58	QnrS1	Escherichia coli	22-27
24955549-1	2014	M-IL-2((88)Arg, (125)Ala) is a fusion protein comprising melittin genetically linked to a mutant human interleukin 2((88)Arg, (125)Ala).	Alanine	21-24	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	103-116
24859349-8	2014	This SS driven cleavage is blocked by a deleting amino acids 55-81 as well as simply mutating arginine residues at positions 80 and 81 to alanine of EpCAM.	Alanine	138-145	epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	149-154
24729602-10	2014	Wild-type QnrS1 produced complete protection of gyrase supercoiling from ciprofloxacin (1.8 muM) action at 0.05 nM and half protection at 0.5 pM, whereas QnrS1 with Ala replacements that conferred the least increase in ciprofloxacin MICs also required the highest QnrS1 concentrations for protection.	Alanine	165-168	QnrS1	Escherichia coli	10-15
24729602-10	2014	Wild-type QnrS1 produced complete protection of gyrase supercoiling from ciprofloxacin (1.8 muM) action at 0.05 nM and half protection at 0.5 pM, whereas QnrS1 with Ala replacements that conferred the least increase in ciprofloxacin MICs also required the highest QnrS1 concentrations for protection.	Alanine	165-168	QnrS1	Escherichia coli	154-159
24729602-10	2014	Wild-type QnrS1 produced complete protection of gyrase supercoiling from ciprofloxacin (1.8 muM) action at 0.05 nM and half protection at 0.5 pM, whereas QnrS1 with Ala replacements that conferred the least increase in ciprofloxacin MICs also required the highest QnrS1 concentrations for protection.	Alanine	165-168	QnrS1	Escherichia coli	154-159
24177919-7	2014	We found that one of these residues (the aspartate at position 44) appears to be essential since mutating it to alanine resulted in a decrease in amplitude for both whole cell and single-channel responses and in the complete disappearance of detectable calcium changes in most cells, which indicates that the ECD of the alpha7 nAChR plays a key role in calcium permeation.	Alanine	112-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	327-332
25170998-8	2014	In order to further identify key residues that mediate the binding of the antibody to ERG protein, a 14-residue peptide (P23) with optimal reactivity was subjected to alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	167-174	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	86-89
24917669-10	2014	Finally, a tyrosine-to-alanine mutation in HEXIM1, which is critical for its inhibitory effect on CDK9, changed HEXIM1 into an activator.	Alanine	23-30	HEXIM P-TEFb complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	43-49
24917669-10	2014	Finally, a tyrosine-to-alanine mutation in HEXIM1, which is critical for its inhibitory effect on CDK9, changed HEXIM1 into an activator.	Alanine	23-30	cyclin dependent kinase 9	Homo sapiens	98-102
24917669-10	2014	Finally, a tyrosine-to-alanine mutation in HEXIM1, which is critical for its inhibitory effect on CDK9, changed HEXIM1 into an activator.	Alanine	23-30	HEXIM P-TEFb complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	112-118
24829506-3	2014	Four potential phosphorylation sites on BGT1 were mutated to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	61-68	solute carrier family 6 member 12	Canis lupus familiaris	40-44
25005938-5	2014	RESULTS: Mutations of the basic amino acids in the coiled-coil domain, especially K645, K646, R648 and R650, into neutral amino acid alanine completely blocked the interaction of CIN85 with c-Cbl or phosphatidic acid.	Alanine	133-140	SH3 domain containing kinase binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
24874604-6	2014	Interestingly, mutation of this serine to alanine (S106A), a non-phosphorylatable analogue, greatly diminished the ability of Asef2 to activate Rac, while a phosphomimetic mutation (serine to aspartic acid, S106D) enhanced Rac activation.	Alanine	42-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
24874604-6	2014	Interestingly, mutation of this serine to alanine (S106A), a non-phosphorylatable analogue, greatly diminished the ability of Asef2 to activate Rac, while a phosphomimetic mutation (serine to aspartic acid, S106D) enhanced Rac activation.	Alanine	42-49	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
24944642-7	2014	However, the plasma SOD activity levels in the SOD3 Ala/Ala homozygote carriers (80.51+-27.68 U/ml) were significantly lower compared with the Thr allele carriers (92.18+-16.37 U/ml; P=0.031).	Alanine	52-55	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
24726449-4	2014	METHODS: The conserved lysine residues in each or both of dsRBDs were substituted by alanine in the context of full-length RNA helicase A.	Alanine	85-92	DExH-box helicase 9	Homo sapiens	123-137
24944642-7	2014	However, the plasma SOD activity levels in the SOD3 Ala/Ala homozygote carriers (80.51+-27.68 U/ml) were significantly lower compared with the Thr allele carriers (92.18+-16.37 U/ml; P=0.031).	Alanine	52-55	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
24944642-7	2014	However, the plasma SOD activity levels in the SOD3 Ala/Ala homozygote carriers (80.51+-27.68 U/ml) were significantly lower compared with the Thr allele carriers (92.18+-16.37 U/ml; P=0.031).	Alanine	56-59	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
24944642-7	2014	However, the plasma SOD activity levels in the SOD3 Ala/Ala homozygote carriers (80.51+-27.68 U/ml) were significantly lower compared with the Thr allele carriers (92.18+-16.37 U/ml; P=0.031).	Alanine	56-59	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
24944642-10	2014	Therefore, the concordance of decreased SOD activity and NOx concentration, combined with genotypes of SOD3 Ala/Ala and/or eNOS Glu/Glu in hypertensive patients, may be useful in directing the antioxidant therapy of hypertension.	Alanine	108-111	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
24944642-10	2014	Therefore, the concordance of decreased SOD activity and NOx concentration, combined with genotypes of SOD3 Ala/Ala and/or eNOS Glu/Glu in hypertensive patients, may be useful in directing the antioxidant therapy of hypertension.	Alanine	112-115	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
24741082-2	2014	Mutation of these phosphoacceptor sites to either alanine or aspartic acid showed only a minor effect on both activities but revealed the presence of other phosphoacceptor sites that might be involved in regulating NEP activity.	Alanine	50-57	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	215-218
24708239-5	2014	Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the constitutively active serine-to-glutamate PKD mutant enhances, whereas the dominant-negative serine-to-alanine PKD mutant inhibits, AngII-induced StAR mRNA expression relative to the vector control.	Alanine	154-161	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Bos taurus	197-201
24711004-6	2014	Replenishing IgM in IgM knockout mice or increasing the levels of IgM-ALA in wild-type B6 mice significantly attenuated the inflammation in both of these inflammatory models that involve IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Alanine	70-73	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	187-196
24600021-7	2014	The signature C4 substitution of an alanine for a serine at position 780 in the C-terminal end (which is considered a major determinant of affinity for PEP) was only found in four of the C4 species sampled, while eight of the C4 species and all the C3 species have an alanine residue; indicating that this substitution is not a requirement for C4 function.	Alanine	36-43	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	152-155
24908064-4	2014	Herein, we describe a novel mutation in exon 20 of EGFR in a Chinese male non-smoker, who was diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and characterized by the codon 769 point mutation GTG&gt;GCG, which translates into alanine instead of valine (p.V769A).	Alanine	222-229	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
24860166-7	2014	Mutation of these motifs to alanine significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of Brd4 and fully abrogated its activation potential in presence of Hexim1.	Alanine	28-35	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
24860166-7	2014	Mutation of these motifs to alanine significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of Brd4 and fully abrogated its activation potential in presence of Hexim1.	Alanine	28-35	HEXIM P-TEFb complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
24667070-4	2014	The scFv epitope on Bla g 1 was located by alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis and ELISA.	Alanine	43-50	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	4-8
24063605-9	2014	The replacement of Cys(259) residue with Ala abolished the inhibitory role of GSNO in IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and transactivation, suggesting the role of Cys(259) S-nitrosylation in STAT3 phosphorylation.	Alanine	41-44	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	86-90
24063605-9	2014	The replacement of Cys(259) residue with Ala abolished the inhibitory role of GSNO in IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and transactivation, suggesting the role of Cys(259) S-nitrosylation in STAT3 phosphorylation.	Alanine	41-44	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	99-104
24063605-9	2014	The replacement of Cys(259) residue with Ala abolished the inhibitory role of GSNO in IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and transactivation, suggesting the role of Cys(259) S-nitrosylation in STAT3 phosphorylation.	Alanine	41-44	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	193-198
24576892-5	2014	Disruption of the putative CAV1 binding site in ABCG1, through replacement of tyrosine residues at positions 487 and 489 or at positions 494 and 495 with alanine (Y487AY489A and Y494AY495A), impaired the interaction of ABCG1 with CAV1 and significantly decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.	Alanine	154-161	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
24158430-5	2014	Alanine mutagenesis of beta1 extracellular residues Y74 or S104, which destabilize the active voltage sensor, greatly decreased the tungstate-induced left-shift of the BKalphabeta1 G-V curves in either the absence or presence of physiologically relevant cytosolic Ca(2+) levels (10 muM).	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
24158430-5	2014	Alanine mutagenesis of beta1 extracellular residues Y74 or S104, which destabilize the active voltage sensor, greatly decreased the tungstate-induced left-shift of the BKalphabeta1 G-V curves in either the absence or presence of physiologically relevant cytosolic Ca(2+) levels (10 muM).	Alanine	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	282-285
25010283-4	2014	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, the OS9 binding site in the CSFV Core protein was identified, between Core residues (90)IAIM(93), near a putative cleavage site.	Alanine	6-13	OS9 endoplasmic reticulum lectin	Homo sapiens	40-43
24576892-5	2014	Disruption of the putative CAV1 binding site in ABCG1, through replacement of tyrosine residues at positions 487 and 489 or at positions 494 and 495 with alanine (Y487AY489A and Y494AY495A), impaired the interaction of ABCG1 with CAV1 and significantly decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.	Alanine	154-161	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
24535599-8	2014	Grb14-IR binding was also facilitated by replacement of the serines with Ala.	Alanine	73-76	growth factor receptor bound protein 14	Homo sapiens	0-5
24794231-6	2014	Mutation of serine to alanine at these two sites stabilized CCNY and enhanced the activity of CCNY/CDK14 on phosphorylation of LRP6.	Alanine	22-29	cyclin Y	Homo sapiens	60-64
24989301-1	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alanine solution as alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase enzyme reaction buffer on the enzymatic activity of A antigen.	Alanine	55-62	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	75-106
24989301-2	2014	The binding ability of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase with RBC in different reaction buffer such as alanine solution, glycine solution, normal saline (0.9% NaCl), PBS, PCS was detected by Western blot.	Alanine	101-108	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	23-54
24989301-4	2014	The evidences indicated that binding of enzyme with RBC was a key element for A to O blood group conversion, while the binding ability of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase with RBC in alanine or glycine solution was similar.	Alanine	182-189	alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase	Homo sapiens	138-169
24794231-6	2014	Mutation of serine to alanine at these two sites stabilized CCNY and enhanced the activity of CCNY/CDK14 on phosphorylation of LRP6.	Alanine	22-29	cyclin Y	Homo sapiens	94-98
24697566-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a Proline (Pro)-to-Alanine (Ala) exchange at codon 12 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is associated with susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).	Alanine	82-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	148-196
24847715-5	2014	The substitution of alanine for this residue completely abolished both binding to high-affinity GAS elements and transcriptional activation of endogenous target genes in cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), while the time course of transient nuclear accumulation and tyrosine phosphorylation were virtually unchanged.	Alanine	20-27	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	192-208
24847715-5	2014	The substitution of alanine for this residue completely abolished both binding to high-affinity GAS elements and transcriptional activation of endogenous target genes in cells stimulated with interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), while the time course of transient nuclear accumulation and tyrosine phosphorylation were virtually unchanged.	Alanine	20-27	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	210-218
24847715-6	2014	In contrast, two glutamic acid residues (E559 and E563) on each monomer are important for the dissociation of dimeric STAT1 from DNA and, when mutated to alanine, result in elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 as well as prolonged IFNgamma-stimulated nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	154-161	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	243-251
24781523-5	2014	Changing PP2A substrate phosphorylation sites to alanines slows degradation of free securin, delays separase activation, lengthens early anaphase, and results in anaphase bridges and DNA damage.	Alanine	49-57	extra spindle pole bodies like 1, separase	Homo sapiens	100-108
24732062-9	2014	Therefore, we demonstrate a future cross talk on use of alanine which can reduce the activities of PDI of L. donovani, eliminating the parasite induced immunosuppression and inducing collateral host protective response in VL.	Alanine	56-63	protein disulfide isomerase	Leishmania donovani	99-102
24697566-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a Proline (Pro)-to-Alanine (Ala) exchange at codon 12 (Pro12Ala) polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is associated with susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).	Alanine	82-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	198-207
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	96-106
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	111-122
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	153-182
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	184-187
24618680-3	2014	Herein, we examined the CDRs of a humanized interleukin 4 (IL4) antibody using alanine scanning and structural modeling, designed libraries of mutants in regions that tolerate mutation, and isolated dual specific antibodies harboring mutation at the heavy chain CDRs only.	Alanine	79-86	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	44-57
24670952-5	2014	Cat and human ACTH were synthesized along with 2 modified peptides containing alanine substitutions at cat ACTH 32 and 34.	Alanine	78-85	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	107-111
24670952-6	2014	Only the human ACTH was detected using the commercial kit, indicating that an epitope recognized by one of the antibodies in the assay requires the presence of 2 alanines near the C-terminus of the molecule.	Alanine	162-170	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	15-19
24778639-2	2014	It has structural and functional similarities to tRNA: it has an upper half of the tRNA-like structure, its 5" end is processed by RNase P, it has typical tRNA-specific base modifications, it is aminoacylated with alanine, it binds to EF-Tu after aminoacylation and it enters the ribosome with EF-Tu and GTP.	Alanine	214-221	Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	235-240
24565897-7	2014	Replacement of all fourteen carboxyl-terminal serine and threonine residues by alanine completely abrogates sst2 receptor internalization and beta-arrestin mobilization in HEK293 cells.	Alanine	79-86	somatostatin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
24725272-4	2014	The alanine-scanning mutagenesis data indicate that different residue substitutions on hERG channel by alanine decreased the affinities of toxin BmKKx2 by about 10-fold compared with that of wild-type hERG channel, which reveals that channel turrets play a secondary role in toxin binding.	Alanine	4-11	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	87-91
24725272-4	2014	The alanine-scanning mutagenesis data indicate that different residue substitutions on hERG channel by alanine decreased the affinities of toxin BmKKx2 by about 10-fold compared with that of wild-type hERG channel, which reveals that channel turrets play a secondary role in toxin binding.	Alanine	4-11	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	201-205
24725272-4	2014	The alanine-scanning mutagenesis data indicate that different residue substitutions on hERG channel by alanine decreased the affinities of toxin BmKKx2 by about 10-fold compared with that of wild-type hERG channel, which reveals that channel turrets play a secondary role in toxin binding.	Alanine	103-110	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	87-91
24725272-4	2014	The alanine-scanning mutagenesis data indicate that different residue substitutions on hERG channel by alanine decreased the affinities of toxin BmKKx2 by about 10-fold compared with that of wild-type hERG channel, which reveals that channel turrets play a secondary role in toxin binding.	Alanine	103-110	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	201-205
24778639-2	2014	It has structural and functional similarities to tRNA: it has an upper half of the tRNA-like structure, its 5" end is processed by RNase P, it has typical tRNA-specific base modifications, it is aminoacylated with alanine, it binds to EF-Tu after aminoacylation and it enters the ribosome with EF-Tu and GTP.	Alanine	214-221	Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	294-299
24474454-5	2014	Genomic DNA was extracted and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine CD24 polymorphism at the coding region of CD24, which results in a substitution of the amino acid Ala by Val.	Alanine	212-215	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	114-118
24384916-6	2014	When leucines in the potential steroid-binding element (SBE, aa 555-558) of ABCG2 were replaced by alanines, cholesterol dependence of ABCG2 activity was strongly reduced, although the L558A mutant variant when purified and reconstituted still required cholesterol for full activity.	Alanine	99-107	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	135-140
24495993-7	2014	Intake of other AA like alanine and/or arginine was also inversely associated with serum TC, LDL-c and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio only in girls.	Alanine	24-31	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	103-108
24495993-7	2014	Intake of other AA like alanine and/or arginine was also inversely associated with serum TC, LDL-c and Apo B/Apo A1 ratio only in girls.	Alanine	24-31	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	109-115
24549217-4	2014	ALL-38 (an LL-37 close analogue: LL-37 + Ala at the N-terminus) is produced in the vagina 2-6 h post-intercourse from its precursor hCAP-18, a seminal plasma component.	Alanine	41-44	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	11-16
24589734-4	2014	In this study, we demonstrated using in vitro kinase assays and alanine replacement of serine residues that JNK phosphorylated the STMN-like domain (SLD) of SCG10 on Ser73, consistent with our previous finding that STMN Ser38 was the primary JNK target site.	Alanine	64-71	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	108-111
24850609-5	2014	The presence of the polymorphic allele Ala was associated with lower levels of IRI, HOMA-IR index, a significant reduction of virtually all components of lipid metabolism, systolic blood pressure and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha.	Alanine	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	226-235
24474454-5	2014	Genomic DNA was extracted and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine CD24 polymorphism at the coding region of CD24, which results in a substitution of the amino acid Ala by Val.	Alanine	212-215	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	156-160
24532576-8	2014	The Cys(42)-Ala(42) S100A8 mutant did not induce IL-10 and was less immunosuppressive, indicating modulation by scavenging oxidants.	Alanine	12-15	S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A)	Mus musculus	20-26
24393035-7	2014	Lastly, a Site-2 alanine KCC3A mutant preventing SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation exhibits increased activity.	Alanine	17-24	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
24393035-7	2014	Lastly, a Site-2 alanine KCC3A mutant preventing SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation exhibits increased activity.	Alanine	17-24	solute carrier family 12 member 6	Homo sapiens	25-30
24393035-7	2014	Lastly, a Site-2 alanine KCC3A mutant preventing SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation exhibits increased activity.	Alanine	17-24	serine/threonine kinase 39	Homo sapiens	49-53
24075869-5	2014	Disruption of both joints by double alanine mutations at Env positions 671 and 674 (AA) results in attenuation of Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and hemifusion, as well as viral infectivity mediated by both CD4-dependent and CD4-independent viruses.	Alanine	36-43	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	57-60
24626927-3	2014	The crystal structure of the SET domain of the histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) in complex with a H3.1 peptide shows that ATXR5 contains a bipartite catalytic domain that specifically "reads" alanine-31 of H3.1.	Alanine	254-261	TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-133
24626927-3	2014	The crystal structure of the SET domain of the histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) in complex with a H3.1 peptide shows that ATXR5 contains a bipartite catalytic domain that specifically "reads" alanine-31 of H3.1.	Alanine	254-261	TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	135-140
24626927-3	2014	The crystal structure of the SET domain of the histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) in complex with a H3.1 peptide shows that ATXR5 contains a bipartite catalytic domain that specifically "reads" alanine-31 of H3.1.	Alanine	254-261	TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	184-189
24075869-5	2014	Disruption of both joints by double alanine mutations at Env positions 671 and 674 (AA) results in attenuation of Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and hemifusion, as well as viral infectivity mediated by both CD4-dependent and CD4-independent viruses.	Alanine	36-43	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	114-117
24075869-5	2014	Disruption of both joints by double alanine mutations at Env positions 671 and 674 (AA) results in attenuation of Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and hemifusion, as well as viral infectivity mediated by both CD4-dependent and CD4-independent viruses.	Alanine	36-43	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	206-209
24075869-5	2014	Disruption of both joints by double alanine mutations at Env positions 671 and 674 (AA) results in attenuation of Env-mediated cell-cell fusion and hemifusion, as well as viral infectivity mediated by both CD4-dependent and CD4-independent viruses.	Alanine	36-43	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	224-227
24161741-5	2014	The iterative deconvolution of two libraries to define the specificity of matriptase-2 yielded to the identification of the substrate ABZ-Ile-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr(3-NO2)-NH2 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 4.5 x 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1), i.e. the highest specificity constant reported so far for matriptase-2.	Alanine	146-149	transmembrane serine protease 6	Homo sapiens	74-86
24369427-1	2014	RNA Helicase associated with AU-rich element (RHAU) (DHX36) is a DEAH (Aspartic acid, Glumatic Acid, Alanine, Histidine)-box RNA helicase that can bind and unwind G4-quadruplexes in DNA and RNA.	Alanine	101-108	DEAH-box helicase 36	Homo sapiens	0-51
24369427-1	2014	RNA Helicase associated with AU-rich element (RHAU) (DHX36) is a DEAH (Aspartic acid, Glumatic Acid, Alanine, Histidine)-box RNA helicase that can bind and unwind G4-quadruplexes in DNA and RNA.	Alanine	101-108	DEAH-box helicase 36	Homo sapiens	53-58
24600445-1	2014	tmRNA is a bacterial small RNA having a structure resembling the upper half of tRNA and its 3" end accepts alanine followed by binding to EF-Tu like tRNA.	Alanine	107-114	Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	138-143
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	152-155	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	152-155	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	190-199
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	152-155	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	156-159	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
24216307-5	2014	In mutant versions of Cdc6, we replaced leucine with alanine in NES1 and NES2 and co-expressed the mutant constructs with cyclin A.	Alanine	53-60	cell division cycle 6	Homo sapiens	22-26
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	156-159	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	190-199
24161741-5	2014	The iterative deconvolution of two libraries to define the specificity of matriptase-2 yielded to the identification of the substrate ABZ-Ile-Arg-Ala-Arg-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr(3-NO2)-NH2 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 4.5 x 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1), i.e. the highest specificity constant reported so far for matriptase-2.	Alanine	146-149	transmembrane serine protease 6	Homo sapiens	294-306
24117221-7	2014	Basal IFN response is minimal in mock-transfected cells from both genotypes and increases by about 8-fold in cells treated with poly I:C. LCLs with the Ala/Ala genotype have slightly higher IFN-alpha levels than their Thr/Thr counterparts but this did not reach statistical significance because of the large variability of the IFN response, due mostly to two high outliers (biological, not technical).	Alanine	156-159	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
24216307-7	2014	Moreover, the cytoplasmic translocation of a mutant in which all four leucine residues were mutated to alanine was significantly inhibited in comparison to the translocation of wild-type Cdc6.	Alanine	103-110	cell division cycle 6	Homo sapiens	187-191
24485831-9	2014	CONCLUSION: MTX enhances ALA-PDT-induced SCC4 cell killing through upregulation of CPOX expression and subsequent increase in intracellular protoporphyrin IX production in SCC4 cells.	Alanine	25-28	MAU2 sister chromatid cohesion factor	Homo sapiens	41-45
24791412-6	2014	Conformational behavior of peptides containing N-MeAla and Ala was used to design Abeta peptide inhibitor and the model tetrapeptide Ac-Ala-NMeAla-Ala-NHMe in the beta-strand structure was shown to interact with the hydrophobic stretch of Abeta15-42 peptide.	Alanine	51-54	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	82-87
24485831-2	2014	This in vitro study tried to examine whether the SCC4 cell killing by ALA-PDT was enhanced by pretreatment of methotrexate (MTX).	Alanine	70-73	MAU2 sister chromatid cohesion factor	Homo sapiens	49-53
24485831-9	2014	CONCLUSION: MTX enhances ALA-PDT-induced SCC4 cell killing through upregulation of CPOX expression and subsequent increase in intracellular protoporphyrin IX production in SCC4 cells.	Alanine	25-28	MAU2 sister chromatid cohesion factor	Homo sapiens	172-176
25353518-1	2014	The structure of a single alanine-based ACE-AEAAAKEAAAKA-NH2 peptide in explicit aqueous solutions with mixed inorganic salts (NaCl and KCl) is investigated by using molecular simulations.	Alanine	26-33	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	40-43
24381103-11	2014	It was confirmed that the sheep YAP1 CDS was correctly inserted into eukaryotic expression vector and serine had been mutated to alanine by PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing.	Alanine	129-136	transcriptional coactivator YAP1	Ovis aries	32-36
24191653-5	2014	In this study, a selective binding site that can differentiate beta-catenin/Tcf, beta-catenin/cadherin, and beta-catenin/APC interactions was identified by alanine scanning and biochemical assays.	Alanine	156-163	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	76-79
24283831-5	2014	METHODS AND RESULTS: Both full-length VWF and VWF fragments with cysteine to alanine mutations of the nine cysteines and two predicted binding partners (Cys2431 and Cys2468) failed to secrete.	Alanine	77-84	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
24374264-10	2014	Alanine mutants of hERG S6 and pore region residues were used to identify the nefazodone-binding site on hERG.	Alanine	0-7	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	19-23
24374264-10	2014	Alanine mutants of hERG S6 and pore region residues were used to identify the nefazodone-binding site on hERG.	Alanine	0-7	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	105-109
24213609-10	2014	Moreover, expression of RTEF-1 decreased TNF-alpha-induced HIF-1alpha promoter activity, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels in cells; however, the effect of RTEF-1 was largely lost when Y352 was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	202-209	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-50
24399296-8	2014	Furthermore, PS1 cleaved TbetaRI in the transmembrane domain between valine-129 and isoleucine-130, and ICD generation was inhibited when these residues were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	169-176	transforming growth factor, beta receptor I	Mus musculus	25-32
24351927-10	2014	Moreover, substitution of S1444 by alanine or by introducing the mutations R1441C/G/H, abrogating PKA phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding, resulted in increased LRRK2 kinase activity.	Alanine	35-42	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	160-165
24409316-13	2014	When amino acids from 25th and 30th were changed to alanine in SLC2A9-L, expression pattern was the same as wild-type.	Alanine	52-59	solute carrier family 2 member 9	Homo sapiens	63-69
24125506-4	2014	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: CGRP derivatives were substituted with either cysteine or alanine; further residues were introduced at position 6.	Alanine	81-88	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	23-27
24803226-5	2014	In addition to Abeta peptides starting with an Asp at position 1, a variety of different N-truncated Abeta peptides have been identified starting with amino residue Ala-2, pyroglutamylated Glu-3, Phe-4, Arg-5, His-6, Asp-7, Ser-8, Gly-9, Tyr-10 and pyroglutamylated Glu-11.	Alanine	165-168	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	101-106
23994601-6	2014	Here, we pursue an alanine scan mutagenesis of the ICL3 of T2R4 and characterize the functionality of 23 alanine mutants.	Alanine	19-26	taste 2 receptor member 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
24005237-4	2014	Cytokines significantly reduced cellular insulin content and impaired insulin secretion induced by glucose, alanine, KCl, elevated Ca(2+), GLP-1 or forskolin.	Alanine	108-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	118-125	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	15-30
24125506-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Ala-5 and Thr-6 are key determinants of agonist activity for CGRP.	Alanine	30-33	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	91-95
23956175-10	2013	Finally, alanine substitution of the two terminal cysteine residues from the A-domain of V194D matrilin-3 prevented aggregation, promoted mutant protein secretion and reduced the levels of Armet and Creld2 in a cell culture model.	Alanine	9-16	matrilin 3	Mus musculus	95-105
25756667-0	2014	Ibalizumab-human CD4 receptor interaction: computational alanine scanning molecular dynamics studies.	Alanine	57-64	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	17-29
25062766-7	2014	Mutation of 8 positively charged residues (H, K, R) located between residues 88 and 114 to alanine to neutralize the charge also blocked the generation of Cp-A/1 like fragments.	Alanine	91-98	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	155-161
24320932-4	2013	We found that cells expressing mutant ABCG1, in which Asn316, Pro317, Asp319, and Phe320 in the conserved sequence were replaced with Ala simultaneously, showed impaired cholesterol efflux activity compared with wild type ABCG1-expressing cells.	Alanine	134-137	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
24320932-4	2013	We found that cells expressing mutant ABCG1, in which Asn316, Pro317, Asp319, and Phe320 in the conserved sequence were replaced with Ala simultaneously, showed impaired cholesterol efflux activity compared with wild type ABCG1-expressing cells.	Alanine	134-137	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	222-227
26155104-8	2014	RESULTS: Novel mutations were found in the genes encoding for MEN1 (p.546 Ala &gt; The) and PKHD1 (c. 233586 A &gt; G and c. 316713 C &gt; T) from patients with type 2 AIP.	Alanine	74-77	menin 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
26155104-8	2014	RESULTS: Novel mutations were found in the genes encoding for MEN1 (p.546 Ala &gt; The) and PKHD1 (c. 233586 A &gt; G and c. 316713 C &gt; T) from patients with type 2 AIP.	Alanine	74-77	PKHD1 ciliary IPT domain containing fibrocystin/polyductin	Homo sapiens	92-97
24697170-3	2014	The SEM images revealed that the ALA/PEO/CS particles have a spherical shape with a diameter of approximately 707 +- 66.68 nm, and DLS showed that the ALA/PEO/CS particles suspended in deionised water have a diameter of 734.5 nm.	Alanine	33-36	twinkle mtDNA helicase	Homo sapiens	37-40
24697170-8	2014	The confocal image results prove that the uptake of ALA/PEO/CS particles by the LPS-treated Raw 264.7 macrophages is possibly initiated by the interaction with cell-surface molecules through electrostatic interactions, followed by endocytosis of the attached particles.	Alanine	52-55	twinkle mtDNA helicase	Homo sapiens	56-59
24157939-3	2014	Research on ALS relies on transgenic models and particularly on mice carrying a glycine-to-alanine conversion at the 93rd codon (G93A) of the hSOD1 gene.	Alanine	91-98	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
24225952-6	2013	Mutation of the serine to alanine within this HXRXXS site in Amot and AmotL2 established that this site was essential for Hippo core kinase-mediated phosphorylation.	Alanine	26-33	angiomotin	Homo sapiens	61-65
23956175-10	2013	Finally, alanine substitution of the two terminal cysteine residues from the A-domain of V194D matrilin-3 prevented aggregation, promoted mutant protein secretion and reduced the levels of Armet and Creld2 in a cell culture model.	Alanine	9-16	cysteine-rich with EGF-like domains 2	Mus musculus	199-205
24376681-3	2013	In pursuit of understanding causes of CHD, we analyzed n = 49 cardiac biopsies from 28 patients and identified by direct sequencing two nonsynonymous NKX2-5 alterations affecting alanine 119, namely c.356C&gt;A (p.A119E) and c.355G&gt;T, (p.A119S), in patients with AVSD and HLHS, respectively.	Alanine	179-186	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	150-156
24196958-5	2013	Results of alanine-scanning mutagenesis within the domain revealed that the Vma4p Glu-44 is a key residue in VoV1 disassembly.	Alanine	11-18	H(+)-transporting V1 sector ATPase subunit E	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-81
24129578-4	2013	Substituting the hydrophobic core residues, Leu-331, Val-338, and Ile-345, of Hec1 with alanine completely eliminated Nuf2 binding and blocked mitotic progression.	Alanine	88-95	NDC80 kinetochore complex component	Homo sapiens	78-82
24059293-5	2013	Surprisingly, an alanine residue substitution for Ser(89) enhanced RIP1 kinase activity and TNF-induced programmed necrosis without affecting RIP1-RIP3 necrosome formation.	Alanine	17-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-95
24198284-0	2013	An alanine-to-proline mutation in the BB-loop of TLR3 Toll/IL-1R domain switches signalling adaptor specificity from TRIF to MyD88.	Alanine	3-10	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
24198284-0	2013	An alanine-to-proline mutation in the BB-loop of TLR3 Toll/IL-1R domain switches signalling adaptor specificity from TRIF to MyD88.	Alanine	3-10	TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
24198284-2	2013	The antiviral Toll, TLR3, is unusual because it has alanine instead of proline at this position and is the only human TLR that associates directly with the adaptor molecule TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) rather than MyD88.	Alanine	52-59	TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1	Homo sapiens	222-226
24297933-7	2013	Accordingly, mutation of S676 to Ala can reverse inhibition of the response to DSBs by Rsk.	Alanine	33-36	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A2	Homo sapiens	87-90
26592300-0	2013	Solvent Binding Analysis and Computational Alanine Scanning of the Bovine Chymosin-Bovine kappa-Casein Complex Using Molecular Integral Equation Theory.	Alanine	43-50	casein kappa	Bos taurus	90-102
24129578-6	2013	Substituting these corresponding residues with alanine diminished the binding affinity between Hec1 and Nuf2, compromised NDC80 complex formation, and adversely affected mitotic progression.	Alanine	47-54	NDC80 kinetochore complex component	Homo sapiens	95-99
24129578-6	2013	Substituting these corresponding residues with alanine diminished the binding affinity between Hec1 and Nuf2, compromised NDC80 complex formation, and adversely affected mitotic progression.	Alanine	47-54	NDC80 kinetochore complex component	Homo sapiens	122-127
23933532-2	2013	The toxicity of z-FA-CMK requires not only the CMK group, but also the presence of alanine in the P1 position and the benzyloxycarbonyl group at the N-terminal.	Alanine	83-90	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	21-24
24100032-4	2013	We performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of AuIB and alpha3beta4 nAChR, homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify the structural determinants of the AuIB alpha3beta4 nAChR interaction.	Alanine	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
24092756-7	2013	Ala mutations of these residues at the receptor-Gi interface resulted in little G protein coupling activity, consistent with the present model of the CB1-Gi complex, which suggests tight interactions between CB1 and the extreme C-terminal helix alpha5 of Galphai.	Alanine	0-3	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
24092756-7	2013	Ala mutations of these residues at the receptor-Gi interface resulted in little G protein coupling activity, consistent with the present model of the CB1-Gi complex, which suggests tight interactions between CB1 and the extreme C-terminal helix alpha5 of Galphai.	Alanine	0-3	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	208-211
24030822-4	2013	We probed the majority of residues within the MA helix of the human 5-HT3A subunit using alanine- and arginine-scanning mutagenesis and the substituted cysteine accessibility method to determine their relative influences upon gamma.	Alanine	89-96	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	68-74
24278414-6	2013	On the host"s side analysis of overexpressed PAR-1 carrying alanine substitutions and deletions showed the amino acid residue leucine44 on PAR-1"s extracellular N-terminus to be the only cleavage site.	Alanine	60-67	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	45-50
24278414-6	2013	On the host"s side analysis of overexpressed PAR-1 carrying alanine substitutions and deletions showed the amino acid residue leucine44 on PAR-1"s extracellular N-terminus to be the only cleavage site.	Alanine	60-67	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	139-144
24129190-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this sequence in full-length human ABCC1 showed that both L(300) and I(301) residues were required for basolateral targeting of ABCC1 in polarized HepG2 and MDCK cells.	Alanine	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
24129190-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this sequence in full-length human ABCC1 showed that both L(300) and I(301) residues were required for basolateral targeting of ABCC1 in polarized HepG2 and MDCK cells.	Alanine	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
24022866-5	2013	By contrast, rates of tracer metabolism to labeled alanine increased incrementally for insulin but remained unchanged following exercise-like muscle stimulation.	Alanine	51-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
24056764-7	2013	Both the molecular dynamics simulations and in silico alanine mutations revealed the involvement of Lys65 (claudin-4) as one of the prime residues in the complex interface that is actively engaged in the binding mechanism with its counterpart.	Alanine	54-61	claudin 4	Homo sapiens	107-116
23933532-6	2013	The caspase inihibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-(O-methyl)-fluoromehylketone (z-VAD-FMK) inhibits apoptosis and caspase processing in Jurkat T cells treated with low concentration of z-FA-CMK but has no effect on z-FA-CMK-induced necrosis and the loss of initiator caspases.	Alanine	48-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	210-213
23933532-6	2013	The caspase inihibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-(O-methyl)-fluoromehylketone (z-VAD-FMK) inhibits apoptosis and caspase processing in Jurkat T cells treated with low concentration of z-FA-CMK but has no effect on z-FA-CMK-induced necrosis and the loss of initiator caspases.	Alanine	48-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	240-243
23926128-8	2013	Mutation of these two Ser to Ala in HDAC5 abolished the regulatory role of AMPKalpha1 on myogenin expression, clearly showing the necessity of these phosphorylation sites in mediating myogenin expression.	Alanine	29-32	histone deacetylase 5	Mus musculus	36-41
23996074-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis shows that four conserved hydrophobic residues from the identified binding motif are essential for the interactions with AF9/ENL.	Alanine	0-7	MLLT3 super elongation complex subunit	Homo sapiens	159-162
24005667-9	2013	Simultaneously converting alanine 355 and valine 377 of FAR5 to the corresponding FAR8 residues, leucine and methionine, respectively, almost fully converted FAR5 specificity from 18:0-CoA to 16:0-CoA.	Alanine	26-33	Far8p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	82-86
23926128-8	2013	Mutation of these two Ser to Ala in HDAC5 abolished the regulatory role of AMPKalpha1 on myogenin expression, clearly showing the necessity of these phosphorylation sites in mediating myogenin expression.	Alanine	29-32	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	75-85
24043860-4	2013	Here, using an eag domain-deleted channel (hERG Deltaeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4-S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).	Alanine	143-150	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	275-278
23697717-8	2013	Fasting insulin was related with 3-methylhistidine, Asparagine, Alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and Cystathionine.	Alanine	64-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-15
24147118-7	2013	By replacing the positively selected amino acid either by alanine or the most represented residue in other studied species, only L189A, Y235A and Y235C mutants showed a significant increase of BMP15 signaling when compared to wild type.	Alanine	58-65	bone morphogenetic protein 15	Homo sapiens	193-198
23864661-8	2013	Change of six amino acids of serine and threonine to alanines in the amino-terminal region of MCM4 rendered the mutant MCM2-7 insensitive to the inhibition with CDK.	Alanine	53-61	minichromosome maintenance complex component 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
24043860-4	2013	Here, using an eag domain-deleted channel (hERG Deltaeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4-S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).	Alanine	143-150	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	43-47
24744483-5	2013	Additionally, we found that the frequency of the PPARG Ala allele was significantly higher in power-oriented athletes compared with the endurance-oriented athletes (24.7 vs. 13.5%; P = 0.0076).	Alanine	55-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-54
23858103-4	2013	Kinetic studies showed that substitution of Trp258 with alanine resulted in monophasic kinetics for estrone-3-sulfate uptake, with a significantly higher Km value (Km = 12.0 +- 2.8 muM) than the high-affinity component of wild-type OATP1B1 (Km = 0.38 +- 0.06 muM).	Alanine	56-63	latexin	Homo sapiens	181-184
23858103-4	2013	Kinetic studies showed that substitution of Trp258 with alanine resulted in monophasic kinetics for estrone-3-sulfate uptake, with a significantly higher Km value (Km = 12.0 +- 2.8 muM) than the high-affinity component of wild-type OATP1B1 (Km = 0.38 +- 0.06 muM).	Alanine	56-63	latexin	Homo sapiens	259-262
23825359-4	2013	Recently, it has been postulated that proteolytic cleavage at Ala(1800) and protein kinase A phosphorylation of Ser(1700) are required for beta-adrenergic modulation of CaV1.2.	Alanine	62-65	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit	Mus musculus	169-175
24047872-3	2013	An alanine scan of residues 271-294 of CLR showed that the ability of CGRP to produce cAMP was impaired by point mutations at 13 residues; most of these also impaired the response to adrenomedullin (AM).	Alanine	3-10	calcitonin receptor like receptor	Homo sapiens	39-42
24047872-3	2013	An alanine scan of residues 271-294 of CLR showed that the ability of CGRP to produce cAMP was impaired by point mutations at 13 residues; most of these also impaired the response to adrenomedullin (AM).	Alanine	3-10	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	70-74
24066166-0	2013	Insight into the intermolecular recognition mechanism between Keap1 and IKKbeta combining homology modelling, protein-protein docking, molecular dynamics simulations and virtual alanine mutation.	Alanine	178-185	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
24744483-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: We found that the HIF1A Ser, NOS3 T and PPARG Ala alleles were associated with power athlete status in Ukrainians.	Alanine	59-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-58
23927470-5	2013	The mutation to Ala of Y652 and F656 located on the S6 domain attenuate IhERG blockade by ketamine, and produced approximately 9-fold and 2.5-fold increases in IC50 compared with that of WT hERG channel, respectively.	Alanine	16-19	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	73-77
23836881-8	2013	Mutation of these threonine residues to alanine (DNA-PKcs(3A)) renders DNA-PKcs dependent on its intrinsic kinase activity during coding end joining, at a step downstream of opening hairpin-sealed coding ends.	Alanine	40-47	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	49-57
23836881-8	2013	Mutation of these threonine residues to alanine (DNA-PKcs(3A)) renders DNA-PKcs dependent on its intrinsic kinase activity during coding end joining, at a step downstream of opening hairpin-sealed coding ends.	Alanine	40-47	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	71-79
23899389-6	2013	Substantial promiscuity was observed in the binding site of S100B thereby accommodating variations in the peptide sequence, while S100A1, S100A2, and S100P exhibited larger differences in the binding constants for the TRTK12 alanine variants.	Alanine	225-232	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	130-136
23991018-8	2013	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that the presence of the Ala allele may contribute to improved insulin secretory capacity and may confer protection from type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Chinese population.	Alanine	59-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
23775088-4	2013	Here we report the first x-ray crystal structure of prothrombin as a Gla-domainless construct carrying an Ala replacement of the catalytic Ser-525.	Alanine	106-109	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	52-63
23836915-5	2013	Mutation analyses revealed that stepwise substitution of arginine residues within the CBD1 (amino acids 40-54) and CBD2 (amino acids 328-377) regions with alanines progressively impaired chromosome binding activity of EBNA1.	Alanine	155-163	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	218-223
23836915-6	2013	The complete arginine-to-alanine substitutions within the CBD1 and -2 regions abolished the ability of EBNA1 to stably maintain EBV-derived oriP plasmids in dividing cells.	Alanine	25-32	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	103-108
23102606-0	2013	Effect of oral ALA supplementation on oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity among overweight/obese adults: a double-blinded, randomized, controlled, cross-over intervention trial.	Alanine	15-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
23603806-5	2013	We sequenced MRPL12, encoding the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 and identified a c.542C&gt;T transition in exon 5 changing a highly conserved alanine into a valine (p.Ala181Val).	Alanine	148-155	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12	Homo sapiens	13-19
23603806-5	2013	We sequenced MRPL12, encoding the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 and identified a c.542C&gt;T transition in exon 5 changing a highly conserved alanine into a valine (p.Ala181Val).	Alanine	148-155	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12	Homo sapiens	34-69
23897481-7	2013	Pro184 makes a ring-to-ring interaction with Trp53 of Cul5, which is substituted by alanine in Cul2.	Alanine	84-91	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	45-50
23897481-7	2013	Pro184 makes a ring-to-ring interaction with Trp53 of Cul5, which is substituted by alanine in Cul2.	Alanine	84-91	cullin 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
23652363-13	2013	CONCLUSION: The Ala 12 Ala genotype of the PPARgamma2 gene may decrease the number of diseased vessels and the severity of CAD, which could be because of a direct antiatherogenic effect of this polymorphism as well as an indirect effect through its association with a lower level of inflammatory parameters and insulin resistance.	Alanine	16-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	311-318
23652363-13	2013	CONCLUSION: The Ala 12 Ala genotype of the PPARgamma2 gene may decrease the number of diseased vessels and the severity of CAD, which could be because of a direct antiatherogenic effect of this polymorphism as well as an indirect effect through its association with a lower level of inflammatory parameters and insulin resistance.	Alanine	23-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	311-318
23761443-4	2013	Here, we show that alanine substitution of either tryptophan 94 (W94A) or 127 (W127A) in the non-catalytic N-terminal domain of A3G severely impedes RNA binding and alleviates deamination-independent restriction while still maintaining DNA mutator activity.	Alanine	19-26	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	128-131
23525969-10	2013	Since NEM also interacts with histidin (His), we mutated all 13 histidins of the hNET to alanine and examined the NET mutants in functional and binding assays.	Alanine	89-96	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	82-85
23639234-3	2013	Analysis of the effects of alanine substitutions to the H(6)F(7)R(8)W(9) and the K(15)K(16)R(17)R(18)P(19) motifs of hACTH(1-24) indicated that activation of A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R was more adversely affected by alanine substitutions at these positions as compared to the response of human MC2R to these same analogs.	Alanine	27-34	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	117-122
23639234-3	2013	Analysis of the effects of alanine substitutions to the H(6)F(7)R(8)W(9) and the K(15)K(16)R(17)R(18)P(19) motifs of hACTH(1-24) indicated that activation of A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R was more adversely affected by alanine substitutions at these positions as compared to the response of human MC2R to these same analogs.	Alanine	233-240	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	117-122
23639234-4	2013	Furthermore, single alanine substitutions in the G(10)K(11)P(12)V(13)G(14) motif of hACTH(1-24) had negative affects on activation of both A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R that were not observed for human MC2R.	Alanine	20-27	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	84-89
23639234-4	2013	Furthermore, single alanine substitutions in the G(10)K(11)P(12)V(13)G(14) motif of hACTH(1-24) had negative affects on activation of both A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R that were not observed for human MC2R.	Alanine	20-27	melanocortin 2 receptor	Xenopus tropicalis	178-182
23702709-5	2013	For the (scFv + L1)(10+) ion, it was found that deoxygenation of L1 (at Gal C3 and C6 and Man C4 and C6) or mutation of His101 (to Ala) resulted in a decrease in Ec50 values.	Alanine	131-134	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	9-13
23718540-7	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of 12 Arg/Lys residues of exosite 2 revealed a defect in 9a potency for Arg233Ala thrombin only confirming the major difference in site of recognition between the two structurally related sulfated benzofurans.	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	111-119
23904881-5	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: we analyzed Ala-9Val and Ile58Thr polymorphisms of the SOD-Mn gene, 138ex1ins/del A of the endothelin-1 gene (ET-1) and H323H (T/C) of the endothelin receptor A gene (ETA), by PCR-RFLP using genomic DNA from leukocyte of 85 women.	Alanine	33-36	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	112-124
23388354-7	2013	Removal of palmitoylation at Cys311 by mutating the residue to Ala (C311A) or Ser significantly decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.	Alanine	63-66	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
23755207-5	2013	Replacement of the tryptophan (W219) for alanine in i3, and phenylalanine (F309 or F313) for alanine in ct reduced their binding affinities for calmodulin, as predicted by computer docking simulations.	Alanine	66-73	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	144-154
23518200-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that (d-Ala(2))GIP[Lys(37)PAL] is a stable, long-acting potent GIP agonist.	Alanine	39-43	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	47-50
23470256-3	2013	In this study, we systematically substituted alanine or tryptophan at residues implicated in adsorption of colipase to an interface.	Alanine	45-52	colipase	Homo sapiens	107-115
23518200-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that (d-Ala(2))GIP[Lys(37)PAL] is a stable, long-acting potent GIP agonist.	Alanine	39-43	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	95-98
23445487-6	2013	Transgenic lines over-expressing PCaP2, PCaP2(G2A) (second glycine substituted by alanine) and  23PCaP2 (lacking the N23 domain) exhibited abnormal branched and bulbous root hair cells, while over-expression of the N23 domain suppressed root hair emergence and elongation.	Alanine	82-89	microtubule-associated protein 18	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-38
23371010-11	2013	In vivo, alanine administration increased hepatic cAMP and accelerated the recovery of bile flow and Abcb11/Abcc2 transport function after E17G administration.	Alanine	9-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
23691096-5	2013	Alanine substitutions near or within these sequences were constructed, and we determined that single mutation of R574 and R578 but not R576 or K579 attenuates P2X7-stimulated activation of ERK1/2 and induction of the transcription factors FosB and DeltaFosB.	Alanine	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	159-163
23691096-5	2013	Alanine substitutions near or within these sequences were constructed, and we determined that single mutation of R574 and R578 but not R576 or K579 attenuates P2X7-stimulated activation of ERK1/2 and induction of the transcription factors FosB and DeltaFosB.	Alanine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	189-195
23687559-4	2013	Studies with site-directed mutants reveal that COX-2 selectivity results from insertion of the CF3 group into a small hydrophobic pocket formed by Ala-527, Val-349, Ser-530, and Leu-531 and projection of the methoxy group toward a side pocket bordered by Val-523.	Alanine	147-150	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	47-52
23667851-5	2013	Germline TP53 mutation c.566C&gt;T results in the missense mutation GCC (Ala) to GTC (Val) at codon 189 (A189V) and has been reported in a case of multiple primary colon tumors.	Alanine	73-76	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	9-13
23627909-10	2013	In contrast, CX3CL1/fractalkine mRNA expression decreased in the presence of ET-1 and Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1.	Alanine	86-89	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
23627909-10	2013	In contrast, CX3CL1/fractalkine mRNA expression decreased in the presence of ET-1 and Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1.	Alanine	86-89	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-31
23627909-10	2013	In contrast, CX3CL1/fractalkine mRNA expression decreased in the presence of ET-1 and Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1.	Alanine	86-89	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
23498057-0	2013	Glutamine and alanine-induced differential expression of intracellular IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated monocytes in human whole-blood.	Alanine	14-21	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	71-75
23506214-1	2013	We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface between nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) essential modulator (NEMO) and IkappaB kinase subunit beta (IKKbeta), an interaction that is critical for NF-kappaB pathway signaling, using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening.	Alanine	311-318	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	122-144
23506214-1	2013	We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface between nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) essential modulator (NEMO) and IkappaB kinase subunit beta (IKKbeta), an interaction that is critical for NF-kappaB pathway signaling, using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening.	Alanine	311-318	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	146-155
23506214-1	2013	We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface between nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) essential modulator (NEMO) and IkappaB kinase subunit beta (IKKbeta), an interaction that is critical for NF-kappaB pathway signaling, using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening.	Alanine	311-318	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	263-272
23510371-14	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that amino acids K54, R55, G56, and K59 within MBP1-64 are important for both Abeta binding and inhibition of fibril assembly as assessed by solid phase binding, thioflavin T binding and fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy studies.	Alanine	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	116-121
23498057-0	2013	Glutamine and alanine-induced differential expression of intracellular IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated monocytes in human whole-blood.	Alanine	14-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	77-81
23498057-0	2013	Glutamine and alanine-induced differential expression of intracellular IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in LPS-stimulated monocytes in human whole-blood.	Alanine	14-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
23498057-8	2013	However, l-alanine had contrary effects on IL-6 expression, significantly upregulating expression of IL-6 in LPS-treated monocytes.	Alanine	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
23498057-8	2013	However, l-alanine had contrary effects on IL-6 expression, significantly upregulating expression of IL-6 in LPS-treated monocytes.	Alanine	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	101-105
23498057-9	2013	The impact of l-alanine on the expression of TNF-alpha was comparable with glutamine.	Alanine	14-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-54
23498057-12	2013	For the regulation of TNF-alpha, l-glutamine, l-alanine and the combination of both show a congruent and exponentiated downregulating effect during endotoxemia, for the modulation of IL-6, l-glutamine and l-alanine featured opposite regulation leading to a canceling impact of each other when recombining both amino acids.	Alanine	46-55	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	183-187
23498057-12	2013	For the regulation of TNF-alpha, l-glutamine, l-alanine and the combination of both show a congruent and exponentiated downregulating effect during endotoxemia, for the modulation of IL-6, l-glutamine and l-alanine featured opposite regulation leading to a canceling impact of each other when recombining both amino acids.	Alanine	205-214	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-31
23498057-12	2013	For the regulation of TNF-alpha, l-glutamine, l-alanine and the combination of both show a congruent and exponentiated downregulating effect during endotoxemia, for the modulation of IL-6, l-glutamine and l-alanine featured opposite regulation leading to a canceling impact of each other when recombining both amino acids.	Alanine	205-214	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	183-187
23321066-5	2013	Alanine substitution for Trp178 of 5-HT3A abolished the serotonin-dependent ion-channel activity, confirming the importance of Trp178 as a ligand-binding site.	Alanine	0-7	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	35-41
23097092-7	2013	Using an alanine substitution strategy, we identified multiple Aurora-A phospho-acceptor sites in the C-terminal tail of NuMA.	Alanine	9-16	nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
23365450-5	2013	Substitution of Tyr(87-89) with alanine residues enhanced the interaction between TGBp3 and TGBp2 and inhibited cell-to-cell movement of PMTV.	Alanine	32-39	triple-gene-block protein 3	Potato mop-top virus	82-87
23365450-5	2013	Substitution of Tyr(87-89) with alanine residues enhanced the interaction between TGBp3 and TGBp2 and inhibited cell-to-cell movement of PMTV.	Alanine	32-39	triple-gene-block protein 2 (TGBp2)	Potato mop-top virus	92-97
23388716-6	2013	These results indicated that the mutations created by substitution of residues 443 to 448 for alanine (Sub19) impair repression of transcription of IFN-inducible genes, by the E1B, 55-kDa protein, consistent with their location in a segment required for repression of p53-dependent transcription.	Alanine	94-101	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
23388716-6	2013	These results indicated that the mutations created by substitution of residues 443 to 448 for alanine (Sub19) impair repression of transcription of IFN-inducible genes, by the E1B, 55-kDa protein, consistent with their location in a segment required for repression of p53-dependent transcription.	Alanine	94-101	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	268-271
23425856-8	2013	Here we reported that mutation of T198/T199 into alanine (TT198AA) in WRKY28 completely abolished its phosphorylation by CPK4 and 11.	Alanine	49-56	calcium-dependent protein kinase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	121-125
23396967-5	2013	Alanine substitution of these residues (P4m) eliminated the mobility shift induced by either Wnt3a or Wnt5a.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 5A	Homo sapiens	102-107
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	190-193
23519423-4	2013	Here, a rational surface-engineering approach is presented that involves mutating protein surface residues that are distant from the peptide-binding ERK2 docking groove to alanines.	Alanine	172-180	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
23415437-4	2013	APOA-I gene sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous in-frame insertion mutation with duplication of nucleotides 1535 through 1552 inserted at position 1553, causing a new amino acid glycine at codon 157 and a duplication of amino acids alanine, arginine, alanine, histidine, and leucine at codons 158-162.	Alanine	237-244	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	0-6
23415437-4	2013	APOA-I gene sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous in-frame insertion mutation with duplication of nucleotides 1535 through 1552 inserted at position 1553, causing a new amino acid glycine at codon 157 and a duplication of amino acids alanine, arginine, alanine, histidine, and leucine at codons 158-162.	Alanine	256-263	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	0-6
24199154-3	2013	Alanine substitutions at hydrophilic (Glu127* and Glu128*) and hydrophobic (Leu32*) GLP-1R residues were previously shown to differentially interact with GLP-1 and exendin-4.	Alanine	0-7	glucagon	Homo sapiens	84-89
23343676-6	2013	Insulin increased 30 min postingestion in all groups and remained elevated in the EAA+CHO and EAA+ALA groups for 60 and 120 min, respectively.	Alanine	98-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23332978-0	2013	Polymorphic Ala-allele carriers at residue 1170 of HER2 associated with Parkinson"s disease.	Alanine	12-15	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
23256547-8	2013	Phylogenetic analysis of COX2 polypeptide sequences demonstrates that the alanine residue is relatively conserved, but owing to the missense mutation (p.Ala 5 Thr), its side chain hydrophobicity will be changed, and what is more, as it is adjacent to a glutamine residue, which is highly conserved and hydrophilic, in an evolutionary stable domain; G7598A (p.Ala 5 Thr) may alter the protein secondary structure and physiological function of COX2 and, thus, aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction conferred by the A1555G mutation.	Alanine	74-81	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	25-29
23256547-8	2013	Phylogenetic analysis of COX2 polypeptide sequences demonstrates that the alanine residue is relatively conserved, but owing to the missense mutation (p.Ala 5 Thr), its side chain hydrophobicity will be changed, and what is more, as it is adjacent to a glutamine residue, which is highly conserved and hydrophilic, in an evolutionary stable domain; G7598A (p.Ala 5 Thr) may alter the protein secondary structure and physiological function of COX2 and, thus, aggravate the mitochondrial dysfunction conferred by the A1555G mutation.	Alanine	74-81	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	442-446
23468625-6	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutagenesis within the IkappaBalpha-like motif of A49 abolished beta-TrCP binding, stabilisation of p-IkappaBalpha and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	10-17	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-53
23468625-6	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutagenesis within the IkappaBalpha-like motif of A49 abolished beta-TrCP binding, stabilisation of p-IkappaBalpha and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	10-17	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	120-132
23468625-6	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutagenesis within the IkappaBalpha-like motif of A49 abolished beta-TrCP binding, stabilisation of p-IkappaBalpha and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	10-17	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	151-160
23224321-3	2013	TNFalpha (10 mug/kg) was intravenously injected in rats; 6 h later, gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate, glutamine, glycerol, and several related metabolic parameters were evaluated in situ perfused liver.	Alanine	89-96	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
23224321-7	2013	It can be concluded that the TNFalpha inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and lactate, which enter in gluconeogenic pathway before the pyruvate carboxylase step, but not from glutamine and glycerol, which enter in this pathway after the pyruvate carboxylase step, suggesting an important role of this metabolic step in the changes mediated by TNFalpha.	Alanine	77-84	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	29-37
23442976-7	2013	The caspase-3 mediated cleavage of Par-4 is blocked by addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, caspase-3 specific inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, and by introduction of alanine substitution for D131 residue.	Alanine	169-176	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	4-13
22718198-10	2013	In contrast, change of these three residues to alanine completely blocks the induction of CCR7 by PGE2.	Alanine	47-54	C-C motif chemokine receptor 7	Homo sapiens	90-94
23166297-6	2013	Site-directed mutagenesis of the Env7 alanine-proline-glutamic acid (APE) motif Glu269 to alanine results in an unstable kinase-dead allele that is stabilized and redistributed to the detergent-resistant fraction by interruption of the proteasome system in vivo.	Alanine	38-45	putative serine/threonine protein kinase ENV7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
23104431-4	2013	Ten alanine mutants of human P-gp drug-binding amino acids-Leu(65), Ile(306), Phe(336), Ile(340), Phe(343), Phe(728), Phe(942), Thr(945), Leu(975), and Val(982)-were generated and expressed in HEK293 cells with a mammalian baculovirus system.	Alanine	4-11	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
23166320-5	2013	Neutralization (Arg Ala substitution) of the N-terminal, but not of the C-terminal basic motif, causes the loss of p17 heparin-binding capacity.	Alanine	20-23	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	115-118
24308004-0	2013	Improved scFv anti-HIV-1 p17 binding affinity guided from the theoretical calculation of pairwise decomposition energies and computational alanine scanning.	Alanine	139-146	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	9-13
23142315-5	2013	Motilin receptor constructs were prepared in which each residue in the TM domains was mutated to alanine or valine.	Alanine	97-104	motilin receptor	Homo sapiens	0-16
24308004-0	2013	Improved scFv anti-HIV-1 p17 binding affinity guided from the theoretical calculation of pairwise decomposition energies and computational alanine scanning.	Alanine	139-146	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	25-28
22528626-9	2013	Interestingly, subjects carrying the Ala allele of the PPARG2 gene and with a high CHO (&gt;246 g/day) intake had an increased obesity risk compared to Pro12Pro subjects (OR, 2.67; 95 % CI, 1.3-5.46; p = 0.007; p for [CHO x PPARG2] interaction = 0.046).	Alanine	37-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-61
22865002-6	2013	Sealing is decreased by inhibiting DAG-activated novel protein kinase C isozymes eta (nPKCeta) and theta (nPKCtheta) and Munc13-1, the PKC effector myristoylated alanine rich PKC substrate (MARCKS) or phospholipase C (PLC).	Alanine	162-169	protein kinase C, eta	Rattus norvegicus	55-116
23066870-0	2013	Optimization of CD4/gp120 inhibitors by thermodynamic-guided alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	61-68	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	16-19
23484211-2	2013	Based on these estimations, a three-dimensional model of Lys-Glu and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide interactions with DNA sites (GCAG and ATTTC) located in the promoter zones of genes encoding CD5, IL-2, MMP2, and Tram1 signal molecules.	Alanine	69-72	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	191-195
23484211-2	2013	Based on these estimations, a three-dimensional model of Lys-Glu and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide interactions with DNA sites (GCAG and ATTTC) located in the promoter zones of genes encoding CD5, IL-2, MMP2, and Tram1 signal molecules.	Alanine	69-72	translocation associated membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	207-212
23316445-3	2013	For example, the discovery that the IAA-Ala-resistant mutant iar1 is defective in a protein in the ZIP family of metal transporters uncovered a link between metal homeostasis and IAA-conjugate sensitivity.	Alanine	40-43	ZIP metal ion transporter family	Arabidopsis thaliana	61-65
22528626-7	2013	Subjects carrying the Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had a significantly increased obesity risk compared to non-carrier (Pro12Pro) subjects (OR, 1.66; 95  % CI, 1.01-2.74; p = 0.045).	Alanine	22-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-42
22528626-9	2013	Interestingly, subjects carrying the Ala allele of the PPARG2 gene and with a high CHO (&gt;246 g/day) intake had an increased obesity risk compared to Pro12Pro subjects (OR, 2.67; 95 % CI, 1.3-5.46; p = 0.007; p for [CHO x PPARG2] interaction = 0.046).	Alanine	37-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	224-230
22528626-10	2013	Moreover, in subjects with a high CHO intake, the co-presence of the Ala allele of PPARG2 gene and one minor A allele (rs9939609) of FTO gene did increase obesity risk (OR, 3.26; 95 % CI, 1.19-8.89; p = 0.021) when compared to non-carrier (Pro12Pro/TT) subjects.	Alanine	69-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	83-89
23031808-7	2013	RESULTS: Higher frequency of Ala and T alleles of PPARgamma was obtained in cases.	Alanine	29-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
23031808-8	2013	Ala/Ala genotype of PPARgamma (Pro12Ala) was associated with significantly higher serum triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and waist-hip ratio in cases as compared to controls.	Alanine	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
23031808-8	2013	Ala/Ala genotype of PPARgamma (Pro12Ala) was associated with significantly higher serum triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALK) and waist-hip ratio in cases as compared to controls.	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-29
23242705-4	2013	We generated single alanine substitutions within the Galphai-binding domain of ERalpha (amino acids 251-260) and tested signaling to eNOS or ERK1,2 and activation of luciferase (Luc) reporters signifying transactivation via direct or indirect ERalpha-DNA binding in HeLa cells.	Alanine	20-27	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	79-86
23097442-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that Lys(97) and Arg(98) in the alpha-helix of the JEV core protein play a crucial role in the interaction with Caprin-1.	Alanine	0-7	cell cycle associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	150-158
23097434-1	2013	We have recently isolated a rhesus macaque cytotoxic T cell line, 2N5.1, that specifically recognizes an N-myristoylated 5-mer peptide (C(14)-Gly-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ser [C14nef5]) derived from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef protein.	Alanine	150-153	nef protein	Simian immunodeficiency virus	226-229
23371049-5	2013	Increased E-cadherin expression in response to both TIMP-2 and Ala+TIMP-2 expression was confirmed by real time quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting.	Alanine	63-66	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	10-20
23070698-5	2012	In contrast, the enhanced muscle Ca(2+), force and in vivo muscle strength responses following isoproterenol stimulation were abrogated in RyR1-S2844A mice in which the serine in the PKA site in RyR1 was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	218-225	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	139-143
23950599-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that ALA nerv  could contribute to the improvement of the physiologically relevant LACTA of PON1 in post-acute stroke patients, enabling this enzyme to contribute to the redox correction.	Alanine	52-55	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
23098902-5	2013	Recombinant N-terminal His-tagged AGT1 purified from Escherichia coli was characterized with Ser, alanine (Ala) and Asn as amino acid donors and glyoxylate, pyruvate and hydroxypyruvate as organic acid acceptors.	Alanine	98-105	alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
23098902-5	2013	Recombinant N-terminal His-tagged AGT1 purified from Escherichia coli was characterized with Ser, alanine (Ala) and Asn as amino acid donors and glyoxylate, pyruvate and hydroxypyruvate as organic acid acceptors.	Alanine	107-110	alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
23098902-6	2013	The V(max) of AGT1 with Asn was higher than with Ser or Ala by ca.	Alanine	56-59	alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
23383123-5	2013	Mutation of a leucine residue to alanine (L135A) in the NES2 motif resulted in both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the EGFP-NES2 fusion protein and in the nuclear accumulation of ectopic full-length myc-Ngn3.	Alanine	33-40	neurogenin 3	Mus musculus	212-216
22862424-5	2013	Thus, the decrease of the expression of frataxin unregulated by p53 in tumor cells enhances ALA-induced photo-damage, by down-regulation of mitochondrial functions.	Alanine	92-95	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	64-67
23326474-6	2013	14-3-3epsilon binds to Cdc25B-WT, which was abrogated when Ser321 of Cdc25B was mutated to Ala.	Alanine	91-94	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-13
23853598-5	2013	An analysis of alanine-scanning substitutions identified residues throughout the N-terminal, globular core and flexible loop regions of Nef that were required for tetherin antagonism.	Alanine	15-22	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	136-139
22962331-6	2012	We also generated a comprehensive series of alanine substitution mutants, replacing conserved serine and threonine residues in the C terminus with alanine residues to pinpoint the key residues that are essential for GRK2-mediated phosphorylation and arrestin3 association.	Alanine	44-51	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	216-220
22931788-4	2012	Overexpression of wild-type FOXO3 (WT) or FOXO3 (3A), which harbors alanine mutations at residues Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315, but not transcription-inactive FOXO3 ( DB3A), significantly induced autophagy in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines.	Alanine	68-75	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	28-33
22931788-4	2012	Overexpression of wild-type FOXO3 (WT) or FOXO3 (3A), which harbors alanine mutations at residues Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315, but not transcription-inactive FOXO3 ( DB3A), significantly induced autophagy in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines.	Alanine	68-75	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	42-47
22931788-4	2012	Overexpression of wild-type FOXO3 (WT) or FOXO3 (3A), which harbors alanine mutations at residues Thr32, Ser253 and Ser315, but not transcription-inactive FOXO3 ( DB3A), significantly induced autophagy in the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines.	Alanine	68-75	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	42-47
22776878-3	2012	Previous work has demonstrated functional genetic variation of SCNN1A (the gene encoding the ENaC alpha-subunit), manifesting as an alanine (A) to threonine (T) substitution at amino acid 663, with the alphaT663 variant resulting in a more active channel.	Alanine	132-139	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	63-69
23148652-4	2012	Analogues 3 and 7, where glycine at positions 2 and 6 of the parent compound was replaced by Ala, exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against KB (3, IC50 6.3 muM; 7, IC50 7.8 muM) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (3, IC50 10.2 muM; 7, IC50 7.7 muM), thereby suggesting possible selective targeting of these cancer cells by these peptides.	Alanine	93-96	latexin	Homo sapiens	154-157
23035122-6	2012	In addition to the PX domain, a region in the pleckstrin homology domain (Ile-306-Ala-310) aids in the PX-mediated GEF activity by providing a docking site to hold Rac2 in place during catalysis.	Alanine	82-85	Rac family small GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
22995188-2	2012	By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified amino acid residues in nsp1alpha and nsp1beta (the proteolytic products of nsp1) that when substituted with alanine(s) exhibited significant relief of IFN-suppression.	Alanine	14-21	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	214-217
22995188-2	2012	By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified amino acid residues in nsp1alpha and nsp1beta (the proteolytic products of nsp1) that when substituted with alanine(s) exhibited significant relief of IFN-suppression.	Alanine	171-178	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	214-217
22902565-7	2012	Mutants with alanine substitution of basic residues in the predicted proteinase cleavage site failed to undergo maturation to normal myeloperoxidase subunits and were arrested at the promyeloperoxidase stage.	Alanine	13-20	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	133-148
23131831-8	2012	Replacement of the IKKgamma/NEMO S377 residue by alanine (S377A) or glutamic acid (S377E) resulted in a significant increase or decrease of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha-mediated IL-6 cytokine production, respectively.	Alanine	49-56	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	140-149
23131831-8	2012	Replacement of the IKKgamma/NEMO S377 residue by alanine (S377A) or glutamic acid (S377E) resulted in a significant increase or decrease of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha-mediated IL-6 cytokine production, respectively.	Alanine	49-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	163-172
23131831-8	2012	Replacement of the IKKgamma/NEMO S377 residue by alanine (S377A) or glutamic acid (S377E) resulted in a significant increase or decrease of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha-mediated IL-6 cytokine production, respectively.	Alanine	49-56	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	182-186
22733450-5	2012	Alanine-scanning calculations allowed us to identify residues of hGB important for the interaction with hSB9.	Alanine	0-7	cytoglobin	Homo sapiens	65-68
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	95-98	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	9-19
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	158-161	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	9-19
22743332-8	2012	Inhibition of Chk1 kinase by UCN-01 or expression of Chk1 phosphorylation mutants in which the serine residues were substituted with alanine residues abrogates BRCA1-dependent cell cycle arrest in response replication inhibition.	Alanine	133-140	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
22743332-8	2012	Inhibition of Chk1 kinase by UCN-01 or expression of Chk1 phosphorylation mutants in which the serine residues were substituted with alanine residues abrogates BRCA1-dependent cell cycle arrest in response replication inhibition.	Alanine	133-140	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
22294424-5	2012	Analysis of the c-kit gene revealed a substitution of ACA (threonine) by GCA (alanine) at codon 574 of exon 11.	Alanine	78-85	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	16-21
22923485-5	2012	Alanine substitutions at seven key serine/threonine residues in DNA-PKcs or inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7441 completely abrogated EGFR-mediated radioresponse and blocked EGFR binding.	Alanine	0-7	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	64-72
22252936-6	2012	Matured osteoclasts expressed mRNA for the amino acid transporter B(0,+) (ATB(0,+) ) and the system alanine, serine, and cysteine amino acid transporter-2 (ASCT2), which are individually capable of similarly incorporating extracellular L- and D-Ser.	Alanine	100-107	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
22828605-5	2012	Using various criteria 74 amino acids were identified and 101 mutations made in GRPR by changing each to those of CCK(A)R or to alanine.	Alanine	128-135	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	80-84
22262494-3	2012	Through site directed mutagenesis MT4-MMP has been inactivated in cancer cells through Glutamic acid 249 substitution by Alanine in the active site.	Alanine	121-128	matrix metallopeptidase 17	Mus musculus	34-41
22935578-9	2012	Amino acid transport system ASC (alanine-serine-cysteine-preferring; in particular, its subtype ASCT2 [SLC1A5 gene]) and system X(c)(-) (SLC7A11 gene) played an important role in transporting (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLN and (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLU, respectively, across the membrane.	Alanine	33-40	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
22935578-9	2012	Amino acid transport system ASC (alanine-serine-cysteine-preferring; in particular, its subtype ASCT2 [SLC1A5 gene]) and system X(c)(-) (SLC7A11 gene) played an important role in transporting (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLN and (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLU, respectively, across the membrane.	Alanine	33-40	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
22923485-5	2012	Alanine substitutions at seven key serine/threonine residues in DNA-PKcs or inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7441 completely abrogated EGFR-mediated radioresponse and blocked EGFR binding.	Alanine	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	130-134
22923485-5	2012	Alanine substitutions at seven key serine/threonine residues in DNA-PKcs or inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7441 completely abrogated EGFR-mediated radioresponse and blocked EGFR binding.	Alanine	0-7	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	170-174
22923485-7	2012	Importantly, alanine substitution at an ATM-dependent DNA-PKcs phosphorylation site, T2609, was sufficient to block binding or radioresponse of EGFR.	Alanine	13-20	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	54-62
22923485-7	2012	Importantly, alanine substitution at an ATM-dependent DNA-PKcs phosphorylation site, T2609, was sufficient to block binding or radioresponse of EGFR.	Alanine	13-20	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	144-148
22694222-0	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians.	Alanine	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-98
22973228-4	2012	Kv1.5 channels are blocked by n-3 PUFAs of marine [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid] and plant origin (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) at physiological concentrations.	Alanine	145-148	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
22694222-9	2012	CONCLUSION: The Ala/Ala genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and IR in Asian Indians without diabetes living in north India.	Alanine	20-23	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
22885083-1	2012	Few transition metal complexes of tetradentate N(2)O(2) donor Schiff base ligands containing 2-hydroxybenzylidene-4-aminoantipyrine and amino acids (alanine/valine) abbreviated to KHL(1)/KHL(2) have been synthesized.	Alanine	149-156	forkhead box G1	Homo sapiens	187-193
22694222-0	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians.	Alanine	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
22694222-0	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians.	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-98
22694222-0	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Asian Indians.	Alanine	4-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
22694222-8	2012	Using a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for age, sex, and insulin, subjects with the Ala/Ala genotype showed a high risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-12.9) and IR (OR, 3.6, 95% CI: 1.04-12.4).	Alanine	108-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
22694222-8	2012	Using a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for age, sex, and insulin, subjects with the Ala/Ala genotype showed a high risk of obesity (odds ratio [OR], 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-12.9) and IR (OR, 3.6, 95% CI: 1.04-12.4).	Alanine	112-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
22694222-9	2012	CONCLUSION: The Ala/Ala genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 gene is associated with obesity and IR in Asian Indians without diabetes living in north India.	Alanine	16-19	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
22795618-8	2012	Furthermore, it has been found that altered peptide ligands, which are produced through single alanine residue substitutions at a critical TCR contact position, abolish the T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production induced by K17 pathogenic peptides.	Alanine	95-102	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	198-207
22613724-9	2012	Ala scanning showed that amino acid residues at positions 3-6, 8-11, and 13-14 are essential for binding to Torpedo nAChR.	Alanine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
22531885-6	2012	This report explores the potential impact of such a dinucleotide variation, which promotes the change of alanine (A) to serine (S) at the AGT protein structure (A237S).	Alanine	105-112	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	138-141
22814108-5	2012	Experiments were performed in mutant mice in which Akt/SGK-dependent GSK3alpha,beta inhibition was disrupted by replacement of the serine residue in the respective SGK/Akt-phosphorylation consensus sequence by alanine (gsk3(KI)).	Alanine	210-217	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	51-54
22595525-8	2012	Serine to alanine mutations in S565-S574 inhibit the binding of NEDD1 to gamma-tubulin and perturb NEDD1 mitotic function, yielding microtubule organization defects equivalent to those observed in NEDD1-depleted cells.	Alanine	10-17	NEDD1 gamma-tubulin ring complex targeting factor	Homo sapiens	64-69
22595525-8	2012	Serine to alanine mutations in S565-S574 inhibit the binding of NEDD1 to gamma-tubulin and perturb NEDD1 mitotic function, yielding microtubule organization defects equivalent to those observed in NEDD1-depleted cells.	Alanine	10-17	NEDD1 gamma-tubulin ring complex targeting factor	Homo sapiens	99-104
22595525-8	2012	Serine to alanine mutations in S565-S574 inhibit the binding of NEDD1 to gamma-tubulin and perturb NEDD1 mitotic function, yielding microtubule organization defects equivalent to those observed in NEDD1-depleted cells.	Alanine	10-17	NEDD1 gamma-tubulin ring complex targeting factor	Homo sapiens	99-104
22575725-6	2012	While the IRS-1 polymorphic alleles had a similar distribution between cases and controls, the PPAR-gamma exon 2 Ala allele and exon 6 His447His T allele were significantly more in the controls than in the cases (p&lt;=0.05).	Alanine	113-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	95-105
22803523-5	2012	The unified scheme is shown to outperform both metadynamics and adiabatic free energy dynamics in generating two-dimensional free energy surfaces for several example cases including the alanine dipeptide in the gas and aqueous phases and the met-enkephalin oligopeptide.	Alanine	186-193	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	242-256
22577163-6	2012	The enzyme modulation by C-peptide was abolished when C-terminal basic lysine residue (K434) of the enzyme was replaced by neutral alanine or acidic glutamate, but not with basic arginine.	Alanine	131-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-34
22553379-4	2012	Alanine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and glutamine predicted incident type 2 diabetes in a 4.7-year follow-up of the METSIM Study, and their effects were largely mediated by insulin resistance (except for glutamine).	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
22585829-7	2012	Mutation of K148 and K149 to alanine stabilizes the expression of P450scc and results in a 1.5-fold increase in pregnenolone biosynthesis.	Alanine	29-36	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	66-73
22830971-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of 25 g/day milled chia seed compared to whole chia seed or placebo for 10 weeks by overweight women increased plasma ALA and EPA, but had no influence on inflammation or disease risk factors using both traditional and metabolomics-based measures.	Alanine	141-144	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	42-46
22527903-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Ala variant would decrease the risk of PCOS and result in lower BMI and fast insulin levels in a European population, but had no impact on HOMA-IR in PCOS patients.	Alanine	13-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
22580307-1	2012	Based on their respective antitumor and thrombolytic activities, the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) and staphylokinase (Sak) were chosen for the construction of the novel chimeric proteins Sak-linker- SEC2 and SEC2-linker-Sak using a linker composed of nine Ala residues.	Alanine	277-280	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	82-111
22580307-1	2012	Based on their respective antitumor and thrombolytic activities, the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) and staphylokinase (Sak) were chosen for the construction of the novel chimeric proteins Sak-linker- SEC2 and SEC2-linker-Sak using a linker composed of nine Ala residues.	Alanine	277-280	fucosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
22535958-5	2012	Mutation of the highly conserved tryptophan-asparagine sequence within the TM domain of Ostbeta to alanines did not prevent cell surface trafficking, but abolished transport activity.	Alanine	99-107	solute carrier family 51 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	88-95
22532692-9	2012	More importantly, mutations of the arginine and lysine to alanine or glutamic acid in the receptor-binding region ablated the heparin-binding activity of apoE, as determined by an in vitro heparin pulldown assay.	Alanine	58-65	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	154-158
22860216-4	2012	To obtain further insight into the role of the two Lys residues in Abeta assembly and toxicity, here we substituted each by Ala in both Abeta40 and Abeta42 and studied the impact of the substitution on Abeta oligomerization, aggregation, and toxicity.	Alanine	124-127	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	136-141
22591353-2	2012	Because there is no tRNA-Dnmt2 cocrystal structure available, we have mapped the tRNA binding site of DNMT2 by systematically mutating surface-exposed lysine and arginine residues to alanine and studying the tRNA methylation activity and binding of the corresponding variants.	Alanine	183-190	tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
22549466-5	2012	A Thr4/Ala mutant of Pol II displays a lethal phenotype.	Alanine	7-10	threonine synthase THR4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	2-6
22402478-1	2012	Single crystals of potassium acid phthalate (KAP) have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique by adding l-alanine (LA), glycine (Gly) and l-tyrosine (LT) as additives.	Alanine	128-137	napsin A aspartic peptidase	Homo sapiens	45-48
22729691-8	2012	In contrast, Cx43 with serine to alanine mutations at both residues 279 and 282 or at all four residues failed to rescue folliculogenesis; the mutant molecules were largely confined to intracellular sites, with few gap junctions.	Alanine	33-40	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	13-17
23001300-7	2012	Molecular analysis showed a c-kit mutation at exon 9 with duplication of Ala and Tyr.	Alanine	73-76	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	28-33
22474336-8	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the Na(v)1.6 N terminus demonstrated that residues 77-80 (VAVP) contribute to interaction with Map1b.	Alanine	0-7	microtubule-associated protein 1B	Mus musculus	127-132
22367038-6	2012	In fact, compared with straight serine-73 knock-in mice with their relative reduction of 2B+ Mitf, forced incorporation of alanine 73 leads to greater increases in MITF protein levels, melanoblast and melanocyte numbers, and extent of pigmentation in particular allelic combinations.	Alanine	123-130	melanogenesis associated transcription factor	Mus musculus	164-168
22607375-5	2012	RESULTS: Here we used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to increase the levels of wild type CREB or to overexpress a mutant version of CREB (mCREB) containing a serine to alanine mutation at position amino acid 133 in mouse hippocampal neurons.	Alanine	179-186	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	143-147
22607375-5	2012	RESULTS: Here we used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to increase the levels of wild type CREB or to overexpress a mutant version of CREB (mCREB) containing a serine to alanine mutation at position amino acid 133 in mouse hippocampal neurons.	Alanine	179-186	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	149-154
22499784-0	2012	Probing the stability of nonglycosylated wild-type erythropoietin protein via reiterative alanine ligations.	Alanine	90-97	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	51-65
22486179-1	2012	We use a host-guest approach to evaluate the effect of Trp guest residues relative to Ala on the kinetics and thermodynamics of formation of His-heme loops in the denatured state of iso-1-cytochrome c at 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl).	Alanine	86-89	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	188-200
22486179-2	2012	Trp guest residues are inserted into an alanine-rich segment placed after a unique His near the N-terminus of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	40-47	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	116-128
22568990-4	2012	We also identified myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), heat shock proteins and actin as L-PGDS-binding proteins, demonstrating that MARCKS/Akt/Rho/Jnk pathways are involved in the L-PGDS actions in glia.	Alanine	33-40	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	108-114
22291440-7	2012	Substitution with alanine of the K(143), T(144), and T(147) residues located in the first transmembrane domain of VPAC1 induced a loss of receptor affinity (IC(50)=1035, 874, and 2070 nM, respectively), and pharmacological studies using VIP2-28 indicated that these three residues play an important role in VPAC1 interaction with the first histidine residue of VIP.	Alanine	18-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
22291440-7	2012	Substitution with alanine of the K(143), T(144), and T(147) residues located in the first transmembrane domain of VPAC1 induced a loss of receptor affinity (IC(50)=1035, 874, and 2070 nM, respectively), and pharmacological studies using VIP2-28 indicated that these three residues play an important role in VPAC1 interaction with the first histidine residue of VIP.	Alanine	18-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	307-312
22291440-7	2012	Substitution with alanine of the K(143), T(144), and T(147) residues located in the first transmembrane domain of VPAC1 induced a loss of receptor affinity (IC(50)=1035, 874, and 2070 nM, respectively), and pharmacological studies using VIP2-28 indicated that these three residues play an important role in VPAC1 interaction with the first histidine residue of VIP.	Alanine	18-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	237-240
22537596-5	2012	RESULTS: The dysfunctional HIV group O8 nef allele was restored to the consensus sequence, and mutants of canonical (NL4.3, NA-7, SF2) and non-canonical (B2 and C1422) HIV-1 group M nef alleles were generated in which the amino acids of the VGF region were changed into alanines (VGF AAA) and tested for their capacity to interfere with surface receptor trafficking, signal transduction and enhancement of viral replication and infectivity.	Alanine	270-278	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	40-43
22528270-0	2012	Binding site characterization of G protein-coupled receptor by alanine-scanning mutagenesis using molecular dynamics and binding free energy approach: application to C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2).	Alanine	63-70	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	166-190
22528270-0	2012	Binding site characterization of G protein-coupled receptor by alanine-scanning mutagenesis using molecular dynamics and binding free energy approach: application to C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2).	Alanine	63-70	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
22414695-7	2012	We mutated four highly conserved amino acids of the beta1 strand ((673)QLLV(676)) to alanine and analyzed the functional consequences in mammalian cells.	Alanine	85-92	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
22362770-6	2012	Alanine substitutions at positions Pro-113 Thr-115, Gly-117, Glu-122, and also Gln-109 enhanced the EphA2 receptor down-regulation and decreased p-ERK and p-AKT.	Alanine	0-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
22768954-4	2012	Previous work on a set of iso-1-cytochrome c variants with (AAAAAK)(n) inserts gave nu(3) = 2.2 for alanine-rich sequences in both 3.0 and 6.0 M GdnHCl.	Alanine	100-107	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	32-44
22362783-7	2012	Purified PrP-AA potently blocked fibril formation by a toxic 21-amino acid fragment of the PrP peptide containing the amino acid alanine to valine substitution corresponding to position 117 of the full-length peptide (A117V).	Alanine	129-136	prion protein	Homo sapiens	9-12
22362783-7	2012	Purified PrP-AA potently blocked fibril formation by a toxic 21-amino acid fragment of the PrP peptide containing the amino acid alanine to valine substitution corresponding to position 117 of the full-length peptide (A117V).	Alanine	129-136	prion protein	Homo sapiens	91-94
22262840-5	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified a functional TILRR mutant (R425A), which blocked increases in cell survival and upstream activation of Akt but had no effect on amplification of MyD88-dependent inflammatory responses.	Alanine	0-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
22258260-7	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis along the entire length of Aichi virus 3A followed by transient expression and affinity purification revealed that copurification of PI4KIIIbeta could be eliminated by mutation of specific residues, with little or no effect on recruitment of ACBD3.	Alanine	0-7	phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta	Homo sapiens	162-173
22435826-11	2012	ECL2 seems especially important for CLR function; of the 16 residues so far examined in this loop, eight residues reduce the potency of CGRP at stimulating cAMP production when mutated to alanine.	Alanine	188-195	calcitonin receptor like receptor	Homo sapiens	36-39
22435826-11	2012	ECL2 seems especially important for CLR function; of the 16 residues so far examined in this loop, eight residues reduce the potency of CGRP at stimulating cAMP production when mutated to alanine.	Alanine	188-195	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	136-140
22181812-9	2012	A mutated HIF-1alpha protein, which has proline residues that were replaced with alanine and transfected into HEK293 cells, was not affected by the combination of LS081 and FeAC.	Alanine	81-88	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	10-20
22355071-10	2012	Replacing IRS-1 serine 632/635 with alanine reduced insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, indicating that phosphorylation of these serine residues of IRS-1, which are substrates of the ROCK2 isoform in vitro, are crucial for maximal stimulation of glucose transport by insulin.	Alanine	36-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
22417571-4	2012	We have mutated three such residues, R67, K35, and K271, to Ala and Glu and determined the energetic effects of these mutations at each point along the reaction coordinate of vTopo.	Alanine	60-63	keratin 35	Homo sapiens	42-45
22017455-7	2012	In contrast, carotid-radial PWV was lower in women with the Ala-isoform (Ala: 7.9 +- 1.0 m/s, Pro: 8.5 +- 1.3 m/s, p = 0.01) and levels of apolipoprotein A1 were higher (Ala: 1.43 +- 0.27 g/l, Pro: 1.35 +- 0.17 g/l, p = 0.03).	Alanine	60-63	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	139-156
22017455-8	2012	In conclusion, we found that men with type 2 diabetes having the Ala-isoform of PPARgamma Pro12Ala had an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile, whereas women with this isoform had lower carotid-radial PWV and higher apolipoprotein A1 levels suggesting a beneficial prognosis.	Alanine	65-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	80-89
22017455-8	2012	In conclusion, we found that men with type 2 diabetes having the Ala-isoform of PPARgamma Pro12Ala had an unfavorable cardiovascular risk profile, whereas women with this isoform had lower carotid-radial PWV and higher apolipoprotein A1 levels suggesting a beneficial prognosis.	Alanine	65-68	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	219-236
22654866-6	2012	The PBAN analogs with the C2 position replaced with alanine (Ala, A), aspartic acid (Asp, D), serine (Ser, S), or l-2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) decreased PBAN-like activity.	Alanine	52-59	PBAN-type neuropeptides	Bombyx mori	4-8
22351746-5	2012	This novel epitope was defined using chimeric FGF1/FGF2 proteins and alanine scanning mutagenesis and was shown to comprise amino acids in both the amino and carboxy regions of FGF2.	Alanine	69-76	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
22449965-3	2012	GFP-fused PP2C74 localized to the plasma membrane, but not when a glycine residue at position 2, which is the putative myristoylation site, was substituted with an alanine residue.	Alanine	164-171	Protein phosphatase 2C family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-16
22392978-8	2012	FANCM variants that substitute alanine for key interface residues strongly destabilize the complex in solution and lead to increased SCE levels in cells that are similar to those observed in blm- or fancm-deficient cells.	Alanine	31-38	FA complementation group M	Homo sapiens	0-5
22294700-9	2012	Antibody uptake experiments as well as surface biotinylation experiments demonstrated that the region between Ala(713) and Cys(726) in the cytoplasmic domain of PC7 is essential and sufficient for the internalization of PC7 but not for trans-Golgi network localization.	Alanine	110-113	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7	Homo sapiens	161-164
22294700-9	2012	Antibody uptake experiments as well as surface biotinylation experiments demonstrated that the region between Ala(713) and Cys(726) in the cytoplasmic domain of PC7 is essential and sufficient for the internalization of PC7 but not for trans-Golgi network localization.	Alanine	110-113	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7	Homo sapiens	220-223
22654866-6	2012	The PBAN analogs with the C2 position replaced with alanine (Ala, A), aspartic acid (Asp, D), serine (Ser, S), or l-2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) decreased PBAN-like activity.	Alanine	52-59	PBAN-type neuropeptides	Bombyx mori	153-157
22654866-6	2012	The PBAN analogs with the C2 position replaced with alanine (Ala, A), aspartic acid (Asp, D), serine (Ser, S), or l-2-aminooctanoic acid (Aoc) decreased PBAN-like activity.	Alanine	61-64	PBAN-type neuropeptides	Bombyx mori	153-157
21922195-6	2012	Recruitment of GFP-PARP-1 in which serines 782, 785, and 786, potential Cdk5 phosphorylation targets, were mutated to alanines in micro-irradiated Control cells was also reduced.	Alanine	118-126	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
21765472-6	2012	We also find that substitution of S286 and S301 with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues strongly attenuates DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation and G2 checkpoint proficiency, but does not eliminate the underlying cell cycle dependence of Chk1 regulation.	Alanine	74-81	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
22259020-6	2012	Complementation of different alanine-substituted constructs was confirmed by measurements of the sizes of SAMs and the WUS expression levels in transgenic plants.	Alanine	29-36	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-122
22271514-7	2012	Destabilizing mutation of STAT3 at arginine residues 414/417 to alanine in the DNA-binding domain, previously shown to disrupt nuclear translocation in vivo, reduced interaction with a STAT3 DNA binding site oligonucleotide and Hsp90beta in vitro, indicating that STAT3 requires a functional DNA-binding domain for full direct interaction with Hsp90.	Alanine	64-71	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
22271514-7	2012	Destabilizing mutation of STAT3 at arginine residues 414/417 to alanine in the DNA-binding domain, previously shown to disrupt nuclear translocation in vivo, reduced interaction with a STAT3 DNA binding site oligonucleotide and Hsp90beta in vitro, indicating that STAT3 requires a functional DNA-binding domain for full direct interaction with Hsp90.	Alanine	64-71	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	185-190
22271514-7	2012	Destabilizing mutation of STAT3 at arginine residues 414/417 to alanine in the DNA-binding domain, previously shown to disrupt nuclear translocation in vivo, reduced interaction with a STAT3 DNA binding site oligonucleotide and Hsp90beta in vitro, indicating that STAT3 requires a functional DNA-binding domain for full direct interaction with Hsp90.	Alanine	64-71	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	185-190
21879314-4	2012	Elevated IL-6 and soluble IL-6R levels in Ala carriers may have negative impact on acquiring verbal cognitive ability requiring long-term memory.	Alanine	42-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	9-13
21879314-4	2012	Elevated IL-6 and soluble IL-6R levels in Ala carriers may have negative impact on acquiring verbal cognitive ability requiring long-term memory.	Alanine	42-45	interleukin 6 receptor	Homo sapiens	26-31
22238302-7	2012	Alanine insertions between the TMD and HRB demonstrated that spacing between these two regions is important for protein stability while not affecting TMD-TMD interactions.	Alanine	0-7	ArfGAP with FG repeats 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
22231489-6	2012	The experimental data show that switching a bulky leucine layer above the metal binding site by a smaller alanine residue enhances the Pb(II)  binding affinity by a factor of five, thus supporting experimentally the hypothesis of lone pair steric hindrance.	Alanine	106-113	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	135-141
22262657-6	2012	Replenishing IgM in IgM knockout mice or increasing the levels of IgM-ALA in wild-type B6 mice significantly attenuated the inflammation in both of these inflammatory models that involve IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Alanine	70-73	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	187-196
22187966-1	2012	The new allele might have arisen from HLA-A*66:01 through a point mutation at codon 182.1 (ACG GCG) resulting in a non-conservative change from threonine to alanine.	Alanine	157-164	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	38-43
22207756-1	2012	In the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation factor XIa (FXIa) activates factor IX (FIX) by cleaving the zymogen at Arg(145)-Ala(146) and Arg(180)-Val(181) bonds releasing an 11-kDa activation peptide.	Alanine	126-129	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	74-83
22224710-2	2012	A systematic Ala scanning proved that Phe(3) is a key residue for neprilysin and aminopeptidase N (AP-N) ectoenkephalinase inhibition.	Alanine	13-16	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	66-76
22391169-1	2012	This study was purposed to investigate the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2 expression of HL-60 cells treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT).	Alanine	215-218	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	120-125
22101235-6	2012	We document herein that of these, Ser-478 plays a pivotal role in UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination, which is accelerated and enhanced on its mutation to the phosphomimetic Asp residue but attenuated on its Ala mutation.	Alanine	214-217	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
22034849-1	2012	The new allele, HLA-A*33:25, differs from A*33:03:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4 (c.778G&gt;A) which results in an amino acid change at codon 236 [GCA ACA (Ala&gt;Thr)] in beta2-microglobulin-binding domain.	Alanine	169-172	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	16-21
22645576-6	2012	SFD1 proteins with these residues individually substituted by Ala lacked DHAP reductase activity and were unable to complement the SAR defect of the sfd1 mutant.	Alanine	62-65	NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
22177524-10	2012	The findings of the present study show that G(alphas) interacts with the mu1-opioid receptor, and the Ser/Thr mutation to Ala at the alpha3/beta5 loop of G(alphas) enhances morphine-induced AC sensitization.	Alanine	122-125	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	133-145
22391169-5	2012	The semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 was obviously down regulated at 2 h after ALA-PCT, further down-regulated at 4 h, and lasted in low level at 24 h. It is concluded that ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells is associated with its effect on MMP, that is ALA-PDT promotes cell apoptosis through effect on mitochondrial function.	Alanine	131-134	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	83-88
22391169-5	2012	The semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 was obviously down regulated at 2 h after ALA-PCT, further down-regulated at 4 h, and lasted in low level at 24 h. It is concluded that ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells is associated with its effect on MMP, that is ALA-PDT promotes cell apoptosis through effect on mitochondrial function.	Alanine	225-228	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	83-88
22157759-7	2012	Substitution of six basic amino acid residues within the CaM-binding domain (CaM-BD) of the EGFR by alanine resulted in a decreased phosphorylation of the receptor and of its downstream substrate phospholipase Cgamma1.	Alanine	100-107	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
21664945-7	2012	High affinity equilibrium androgen binding was retained by alanine substitution mutations at Tyr-739 in AR LBD helix 5 or Lys-905 in helix 12 structurally adjacent to AF2, whereas transcriptional activity decreased and the androgen dissociation increased.	Alanine	59-66	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	104-106
22157759-7	2012	Substitution of six basic amino acid residues within the CaM-binding domain (CaM-BD) of the EGFR by alanine resulted in a decreased phosphorylation of the receptor and of its downstream substrate phospholipase Cgamma1.	Alanine	100-107	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
22157759-7	2012	Substitution of six basic amino acid residues within the CaM-binding domain (CaM-BD) of the EGFR by alanine resulted in a decreased phosphorylation of the receptor and of its downstream substrate phospholipase Cgamma1.	Alanine	100-107	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
23244082-8	2012	CONCLUSION: We found a significant association between XRCC1399Gln/ Gln and ADPRT 762Ala/Ala polymorphisms and clinical outcomes.	Alanine	85-88	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
23289226-3	2012	The nucleotide sequence which is complementary contacted with peptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly was found in promoter region of interferon gamma gene.	Alanine	70-73	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	118-134
22028412-7	2012	Moreover, point mutations of IRS-1 at Ser(636/639) to Ala prevented the ANG II-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.	Alanine	54-57	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	72-78
22028412-7	2012	Moreover, point mutations of IRS-1 at Ser(636/639) to Ala prevented the ANG II-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.	Alanine	54-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
22128155-8	2012	Immunofluorescence staining studies showed that upon doxorubicin treatment, the wild-type FOXO3a relocalized to the nucleus, whereas the phosphorylation-defective FOXO3a (Ala-7) mutant remained largely in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	171-174	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	163-169
23317230-10	2012	ADPRT Val762Ala variants (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) were not associated with noncardia GC (adjusted OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.69-1.54).	Alanine	26-29	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
23317230-10	2012	ADPRT Val762Ala variants (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) were not associated with noncardia GC (adjusted OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.69-1.54).	Alanine	26-29	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21983135-4	2012	Substitution of Asn and Ser at positions 309 and 313, respectively, with alanine increased the affinity of C-CPE for claudin-4.	Alanine	73-80	claudin 4	Mus musculus	117-126
22697478-2	2012	This protective effect is blunted upon mutation of residues T105, E107 and E110 in human TNF into alanine or upon pre-incubation of the cytokine with the disaccharide N,N"-diacetylchitobiose.	Alanine	98-105	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-92
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	215-218	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-146
22754302-4	2012	In the present study, the data indicate that the S609A mutation replacing Ser(609) of GPIbalpha with alanine (S609A) significantly prevented the association of 14-3-3zeta with GPIbalpha before and after the VWF binding to GPIbalpha.	Alanine	101-108	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	207-210
22553750-5	2012	In addition, there were two secondary mutations in Pedigree 1: C3497T (Ala Val), and C3571T (Leu Phe) in the MT-ND1 gene, which have not been reported; and two secondary mutations occurred in Pedigree 2: A10398G (Thr Ala) in the MT-ND3 gene, and T14502C (Ile Val) in the MT-ND6 gene.	Alanine	217-220	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	109-115
22694192-3	2012	The results of molecular dynamics simulations and computational alanine scanning mutagenesis studies applied here to the homomeric human 5-HT(3A)-R disclose an aromatic "hot" cluster in the centre of the interface formed by residues W178 (principal subunit), Y68, Y83, W85 and Y148 (complementary subunit).	Alanine	64-71	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens	137-144
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	215-218	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-161
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	215-218	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	167-185
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	219-222	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-146
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	219-222	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	148-161
23204851-15	2012	Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls.	Alanine	219-222	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	167-185
22912718-4	2012	Replacing cysteine 341 on beta(2)AR with alanine (C341A) leads to an impaired binding to beta arrestin 2.	Alanine	41-48	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	89-104
23226345-9	2012	We present evidence that phosphorylation of YY1 in the central glycine/alanine (G/A)-rich region is important for DNA binding activity, with a potential phosphorylation/acetylation interplay regulating YY1 function.	Alanine	71-78	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	44-47
23226345-9	2012	We present evidence that phosphorylation of YY1 in the central glycine/alanine (G/A)-rich region is important for DNA binding activity, with a potential phosphorylation/acetylation interplay regulating YY1 function.	Alanine	71-78	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	202-205
23077531-8	2012	Moreover, binding free energy calculations obtained through Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) methodology are in good qualitative agreement with experiments and allow dissection of the energetic terms associated with native and alanine mutants of AIRE-PHD1/H3K4me0 complexes.	Alanine	255-262	autoimmune regulator	Homo sapiens	274-283
22768106-7	2012	Null mutation of S326 to alanine led to loss of ability to activate an HSF1-regulated promoter-reporter construct, indicating a direct role for mTOR and S326 in transcriptional regulation of HSP genes during stress.	Alanine	25-32	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	144-148
23213356-5	2012	Using wild-type Ataxin-1 and Ser776 mutants to a phosphomimetic aspartate and to alanine, we show that U2AF65 binds Ataxin-1 in a Ser776 phosphorylation independent manner whereas 14-3-3 interacts with phosphorylated wild-type Ataxin-1 but not with the mutants.	Alanine	81-88	ataxin 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
22615937-5	2012	Palmitoylation of CD20 and CD23 was confirmed by heterologous expression of alanine mutants coupled with bioorthogonal metabolic labeling.	Alanine	76-83	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	18-22
23213356-5	2012	Using wild-type Ataxin-1 and Ser776 mutants to a phosphomimetic aspartate and to alanine, we show that U2AF65 binds Ataxin-1 in a Ser776 phosphorylation independent manner whereas 14-3-3 interacts with phosphorylated wild-type Ataxin-1 but not with the mutants.	Alanine	81-88	ataxin 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
22113732-0	2012	Activity of the yeast zinc-finger transcription factor War1 is lost with alanine mutation of two putative phosphorylation sites in the activation domain.	Alanine	73-80	War1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
22177572-1	2011	BACKGROUND: FOXE1 is one of the candidate genes for genetic predisposition to premature ovarian failure (POF) and it contains an alanine tract.	Alanine	129-136	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	105-108
22177572-2	2011	Our purpose is to assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of FOXE1 on genetic susceptibility to POF.	Alanine	56-63	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
22177572-8	2011	The FOXE1 14 alanine allele was significantly less common in the POF patient group (186/220) than the controls (216/220) (X2 = 25.923, P = 0.0001).	Alanine	13-20	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
22177572-9	2011	The FOXE1 16 alanine allele was significantly more common in the POF patient group (28/220) than the controls (4/220) (X2 = 19.412, P = 0.0001).	Alanine	13-20	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
22016384-2	2011	Using site-direct mutagenesis and transfection of wild type and mutated receptors into endothelial cells, we showed that transmembrane cleavage of VEGFR1 occurs at valine 767 and that a switch from valine to alanine at this position prevented cleavage and formation of a VEGFR1 intracellular fragment.	Alanine	208-215	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	147-153
22006925-9	2011	Additionally, Spry2 is hydroxylated on Pro residues 18, 144, and 160, and substitution of these residues with Ala enhanced stability of Spry2 and abrogated its interactions with pVHL.	Alanine	110-113	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
22006925-9	2011	Additionally, Spry2 is hydroxylated on Pro residues 18, 144, and 160, and substitution of these residues with Ala enhanced stability of Spry2 and abrogated its interactions with pVHL.	Alanine	110-113	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2	Homo sapiens	136-141
22020933-5	2011	NHE1-phosphoinositide binding was enhanced by acidic pH, and abolished by NHE1 Arg/Lys to Ala mutations within two juxtamembrane domains, consistent with electrostatic interactions.	Alanine	90-93	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	74-78
22020933-5	2011	NHE1-phosphoinositide binding was enhanced by acidic pH, and abolished by NHE1 Arg/Lys to Ala mutations within two juxtamembrane domains, consistent with electrostatic interactions.	Alanine	90-93	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21798378-7	2011	FXIII activation peptides containing V34, V34L, or V34P could each be accommodated by alanine mutants of thrombin lacking either the W60d or Y60a residue in the 60-insertion loop.	Alanine	86-93	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	105-113
21956104-1	2011	In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-profilin interface, Ala(167) of the actin barbed end W-loop and His(372) near the C terminus form a clamp around a profilin segment containing residue Arg(81) and Tyr(79).	Alanine	58-61	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-37
21956104-1	2011	In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-profilin interface, Ala(167) of the actin barbed end W-loop and His(372) near the C terminus form a clamp around a profilin segment containing residue Arg(81) and Tyr(79).	Alanine	58-61	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-79
22036786-5	2011	Mutation of these Ser residues to Ala abolishes the effect of nuclear export induced by Tpk1 overexpression on a Cdc25eGFP fusion.	Alanine	34-37	cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit TPK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	88-92
22081789-3	2011	Through total synthesis, we tested the effects of amino acid substitutions, including alanine scanning, on the downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and probed the stereospecificity of target engagement by epimerization of selected chiral centers.	Alanine	86-93	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	159-195
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1C	Mus musculus	0-3
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	4-7
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	8-11
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	110-113
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	110-113
21956107-6	2011	To further characterize Pmt1p-Pmt2p complexes, we developed a photoaffinity probe based on the artificial mannosyl acceptor substrate Tyr-Ala-Thr-Ala-Val.	Alanine	138-141	dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase PMT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-29
21956107-6	2011	To further characterize Pmt1p-Pmt2p complexes, we developed a photoaffinity probe based on the artificial mannosyl acceptor substrate Tyr-Ala-Thr-Ala-Val.	Alanine	138-141	dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase PMT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
22045569-4	2011	By incorporating L-alanine in place of L-serine, the mutant HSAN1-associated serine palmitoyltransferase generates deoxysphingolipids, which are thought to be neurotoxic.	Alanine	17-26	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
22045570-9	2011	In contrast, a 10% L-alanine-enriched diet increased dSL levels and led to severe peripheral neuropathy.	Alanine	19-28	dsl	Drosophila melanogaster	53-56
22081789-3	2011	Through total synthesis, we tested the effects of amino acid substitutions, including alanine scanning, on the downregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and probed the stereospecificity of target engagement by epimerization of selected chiral centers.	Alanine	86-93	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	197-203
21880725-5	2011	We found that Ala-to-Gly exchange in human 15-LOX2 and human platelet 12-LOX induced major alterations in the reaction specificity with an increase of specific R-oxygenation products.	Alanine	14-17	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B	Homo sapiens	43-50
21700295-8	2011	The Ala allele of Asp358Ala was significantly associated with higher levels of both IL-6 and sIL-6R.	Alanine	4-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	84-88
21467995-8	2011	Substitution of these serine residues with alanine not only increases the association of Xbp1 with the Rpd3 complex and its recruitment to a DSB, but also promotes DSB repair.	Alanine	43-50	histone deacetylase RPD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-107
21777610-6	2011	Mutational change of the threonine into alanine resulted in the cytoplasmic localization of FTS and failed to phosphorylate EGFR and its downstream effector proteins.	Alanine	40-47	AKT interacting protein	Homo sapiens	92-95
21777610-6	2011	Mutational change of the threonine into alanine resulted in the cytoplasmic localization of FTS and failed to phosphorylate EGFR and its downstream effector proteins.	Alanine	40-47	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	124-128
21828055-5	2011	Indeed, we identified multiple alanine substitutions within loop&gt;J of the full length and/or Sec7d of two large brefeldin A-sensitive GEFs (GBF1 and BIG2) and one small brefeldin A-resistant GEF (ARNO) that abrogated binding of ARF and a single alanine substitution that allowed ARF binding but inhibited GDP to GTP exchange.	Alanine	31-38	cytohesin 2	Homo sapiens	199-203
21987804-7	2011	Alanine replacement at G98 prevented STIM1-induced channel activity.	Alanine	0-7	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
21703310-2	2011	This study describes the results of an alanine/leucine scan of ECLs 1 and 3 and loop-associated transmembrane (TM) domains of the secretin-like GPCR calcitonin receptor-like receptor which associates with receptor activity modifying protein 1 to form the CGRP receptor.	Alanine	39-46	calcitonin receptor like receptor	Homo sapiens	149-182
21828245-7	2011	Pathway analysis identified these genes to be involved in Rac/RhoA signaling, Wnt/B-catenin signaling and alanine/aspartate metabolism.	Alanine	106-113	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	62-66
21734189-3	2011	In this study, we used alanine (Ala) linker scanning to pinpoint the residues in the proximal linker domain involved in regulation of NCX1 by PLM.	Alanine	23-30	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	134-138
21734189-3	2011	In this study, we used alanine (Ala) linker scanning to pinpoint the residues in the proximal linker domain involved in regulation of NCX1 by PLM.	Alanine	23-30	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
21734189-3	2011	In this study, we used alanine (Ala) linker scanning to pinpoint the residues in the proximal linker domain involved in regulation of NCX1 by PLM.	Alanine	32-35	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	134-138
21734189-3	2011	In this study, we used alanine (Ala) linker scanning to pinpoint the residues in the proximal linker domain involved in regulation of NCX1 by PLM.	Alanine	32-35	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
21734189-4	2011	Transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells with wild-type (WT) NCX1 or its Ala mutants but not empty vector resulted in NCX1 current (I(NaCa)).	Alanine	86-89	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	131-135
21734189-4	2011	Transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells with wild-type (WT) NCX1 or its Ala mutants but not empty vector resulted in NCX1 current (I(NaCa)).	Alanine	86-89	nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	147-151
21734189-6	2011	Mutating residues 248-252 (PASKT) or 300-304 (QKHPD) in WT NCX1 to Ala resulted in loss of inhibition of I(NaCa) by PLM.	Alanine	67-70	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	59-63
21734189-6	2011	Mutating residues 248-252 (PASKT) or 300-304 (QKHPD) in WT NCX1 to Ala resulted in loss of inhibition of I(NaCa) by PLM.	Alanine	67-70	nascent polypeptide associated complex subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	107-111
21734189-6	2011	Mutating residues 248-252 (PASKT) or 300-304 (QKHPD) in WT NCX1 to Ala resulted in loss of inhibition of I(NaCa) by PLM.	Alanine	67-70	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
21734189-7	2011	By contrast, inhibition of I(NaCa) by PLM was preserved when residues 238-242, 243-247, 253-257, 258-262, 263-267, 305-309, 310-314, 315-319, 320-324, or 325-329 were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	178-181	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
21734189-9	2011	Mutating residues 248-252 to Ala resulted in significantly weaker association with PLM.	Alanine	29-32	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
21972134-6	2011	The mutation of a highly conserved cysteine residue in NRD to alanine abolished the potentiation by tubulin.	Alanine	62-69	nardilysin convertase	Homo sapiens	55-58
21936798-3	2011	To this end, hydrogen-transfer reactions have been observed between cysteine thiyl radicals and glycine, alanine, serine, valine and leucine in both model peptides and a protein, insulin.	Alanine	105-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
21893043-5	2011	Thrombin mutants with multiple alanine substitution of basic residues showed a progressively greater defect in inhibition potency.	Alanine	31-38	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
21795447-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The protective role of the Ala allele in the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma on type 2 diabetes has been well established but not confirmed in the context of pregnancy, for gestational diabetes, a known predictor of later type 2 diabetes onset.	Alanine	39-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	82-91
23071946-7	2011	Amino acids like alanine, glycine, lysine, serine and 4-hydroxy proline showed strong stabilizing effect on catalase during lyophilization by protecting catalase activity above 95%, whereas valine and cysteine hydrochloride showed destabilizing effect on catalase.	Alanine	17-24	catalase	Homo sapiens	108-116
23071946-7	2011	Amino acids like alanine, glycine, lysine, serine and 4-hydroxy proline showed strong stabilizing effect on catalase during lyophilization by protecting catalase activity above 95%, whereas valine and cysteine hydrochloride showed destabilizing effect on catalase.	Alanine	17-24	catalase	Homo sapiens	153-161
23071946-7	2011	Amino acids like alanine, glycine, lysine, serine and 4-hydroxy proline showed strong stabilizing effect on catalase during lyophilization by protecting catalase activity above 95%, whereas valine and cysteine hydrochloride showed destabilizing effect on catalase.	Alanine	17-24	catalase	Homo sapiens	153-161
21878491-6	2011	Mutating these two serine residues into alanine residues abrogates PMA-induced redistribution of SH2B1beta out of focal adhesions, decreases SH2B1beta cycling into and out of focal adhesions in control and GH-stimulated cells, and increases the size of focal adhesions.	Alanine	40-47	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	206-208
21807844-7	2011	Our findings define a simple, nontoxic, and highly effective preconditioning regimen to enhance the response of epithelial tumors to ALA-PDT, possibly broadening its clinical applications by selectively enhancing accumulation of photosensitizer PpIX together with TNF-alpha in tumors.	Alanine	133-136	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	264-273
21666221-7	2011	Mutagenesis of this key cysteine to alanine abolished eNOS thiyl radical formation and uncoupled eNOS, leading to increased superoxide generation.	Alanine	36-43	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
21892182-1	2011	Here we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylates the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s) on its Thr48 and Ser61 residues and greatly enhances its nuclear migration in mice, whereas mutation of either residue to alanine substantially reduces its nuclear translocation and activity.	Alanine	255-262	X-box binding protein 1	Mus musculus	101-124
21737676-3	2011	Using rela(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts reconstituted with RelA, we find that mutation of the threonine 505 (T505) phospho site to alanine has wide-ranging effects on NF-kappaB function.	Alanine	135-142	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	171-180
21541677-5	2011	Furthermore, alanine substitutions for tryptophan in L-CPTI (W391A and W452A) altered secondary structure, decreased binding affinity for LCFA-CoA, and almost completely abolished L-CPTI activity, suggesting that these amino acids may be important for ligand stabilization necessary for L-CPTI activity.	Alanine	13-20	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	55-59
21541677-5	2011	Furthermore, alanine substitutions for tryptophan in L-CPTI (W391A and W452A) altered secondary structure, decreased binding affinity for LCFA-CoA, and almost completely abolished L-CPTI activity, suggesting that these amino acids may be important for ligand stabilization necessary for L-CPTI activity.	Alanine	13-20	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	182-186
21541677-5	2011	Furthermore, alanine substitutions for tryptophan in L-CPTI (W391A and W452A) altered secondary structure, decreased binding affinity for LCFA-CoA, and almost completely abolished L-CPTI activity, suggesting that these amino acids may be important for ligand stabilization necessary for L-CPTI activity.	Alanine	13-20	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	182-186
21325350-6	2011	RESULTS: CKD patients with the SOD Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes had a significantly greater eGFR decline compared to those with the Ala/Ala genotype (Ala/Val compared with Ala/Ala odds ratio (OR) 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64, P = 0.001; Val/Val compared with Ala/Ala OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.65, P = 0.005).	Alanine	35-38	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
21325350-8	2011	CONCLUSION: CKD patients with the SOD Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes have a greater decline in kidney function than those with the Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	38-41	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
21397649-3	2011	In the present study it was investigated if the glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor methionine sulfoximine (MSO) would enhance alanine synthesis by blocking the GS-dependent ammonia scavenging process.	Alanine	127-134	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	48-68
21944251-5	2011	Although single or double mutations had little effects, the mutation of all four residues in SAV1 to Ala (SAV1-4A) had inhibitory effects on the MST pathway.	Alanine	101-104	salvador family WW domain containing protein 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
21944251-5	2011	Although single or double mutations had little effects, the mutation of all four residues in SAV1 to Ala (SAV1-4A) had inhibitory effects on the MST pathway.	Alanine	101-104	salvador family WW domain containing protein 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
21944251-5	2011	Although single or double mutations had little effects, the mutation of all four residues in SAV1 to Ala (SAV1-4A) had inhibitory effects on the MST pathway.	Alanine	101-104	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10	Homo sapiens	145-148
21593272-5	2011	Analysis of the structure of OMMV CP by comparative modelling approaches showed that this change is located in the interior of the virus particle and the alanine-to-threonine change is exposed on the surface.	Alanine	154-161	coat protein	Olive mild mosaic virus	34-36
21632558-5	2011	Here, an alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis was performed to identify residues of ephrin-B2 which are critical for NiV binding and entry by using an NiV-F- and -G-glycoprotein pseudotyped lentivirus assay.	Alanine	9-16	ephrin B2	Homo sapiens	85-94
22048691-0	2011	The improvement of an anti-CD22 immunotoxin: conversion to single-chain and disulfide stabilized form and affinity maturation by alanine scan.	Alanine	129-136	CD22 molecule	Homo sapiens	27-31
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	276-280
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	276-280
21704044-5	2011	We present the crystal structure of a proline-to-alanine mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cks protein (Cks1 P93A) that preferentially adopts the monomer conformation but surprisingly fails to bind Cdk.	Alanine	49-56	cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit CKS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
21666221-7	2011	Mutagenesis of this key cysteine to alanine abolished eNOS thiyl radical formation and uncoupled eNOS, leading to increased superoxide generation.	Alanine	36-43	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
21721517-8	2011	Using human ABCA4 mutants heterologously expressed in mammalian cells, we showed that the Stargardt disease-associated alanine mutation in the phosphorylation site at position 901 led to protein misfolding and degradation.	Alanine	119-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
21721517-9	2011	Furthermore, replacing the S1317 phosphorylation site reduced the basal ATPase activity of ABCA4, whereas an alanine mutation in either the S1185 or T1313 phosphorylation site resulted in a significant decrease in the all-trans-retinal-stimulated ATPase activity without affecting the basal activity, protein expression, or localization.	Alanine	109-116	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
21807946-4	2011	Point mutation of these Ser residues to alanine (Ala) abolished the JNK-induced ubiquitylation by SCF(betaTrCP), and point mutation of DAG to AAG or DAA eradicated both betaTrCP binding and ubiquitylation.	Alanine	40-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	68-71
21807946-4	2011	Point mutation of these Ser residues to alanine (Ala) abolished the JNK-induced ubiquitylation by SCF(betaTrCP), and point mutation of DAG to AAG or DAA eradicated both betaTrCP binding and ubiquitylation.	Alanine	49-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	68-71
21348779-4	2011	The amino acid in position 2378 (followed by HCV-J prototype strain) with alanine (A2378) before IFN treatment was frequent in both SVR and ETR after IFN treatment, whereas that with threonine (T2378) was significant in NR.	Alanine	74-81	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
21665952-8	2011	Replacing Lys(159)/Lys(190) residues of ChREBP with alanine resulted in loss of importin-alpha binding, glucose-stimulated transcriptional activity and nuclear localization.	Alanine	52-59	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
21864793-1	2011	In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on Lys- and Arg-containing Ala-based peptides (i.e. Ace-(AAAAK)(n)A-NH(2) and Ace-(AAAAR)(n)A-NH(2), where n=1-4), in order to explore and characterize their folding processes.	Alanine	90-93	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	115-118
21864793-1	2011	In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out on Lys- and Arg-containing Ala-based peptides (i.e. Ace-(AAAAK)(n)A-NH(2) and Ace-(AAAAR)(n)A-NH(2), where n=1-4), in order to explore and characterize their folding processes.	Alanine	90-93	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	141-144
21348779-4	2011	The amino acid in position 2378 (followed by HCV-J prototype strain) with alanine (A2378) before IFN treatment was frequent in both SVR and ETR after IFN treatment, whereas that with threonine (T2378) was significant in NR.	Alanine	74-81	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
21348779-5	2011	Moreover, substitution of threonine for alanine in HCV subgenomic replicon showed a 3- to 4-fold reduction of IFN transactivation and replication even in the presence of IFN, suggesting an IFN-resistant phenotype.	Alanine	40-47	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
21348779-5	2011	Moreover, substitution of threonine for alanine in HCV subgenomic replicon showed a 3- to 4-fold reduction of IFN transactivation and replication even in the presence of IFN, suggesting an IFN-resistant phenotype.	Alanine	40-47	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
21348779-5	2011	Moreover, substitution of threonine for alanine in HCV subgenomic replicon showed a 3- to 4-fold reduction of IFN transactivation and replication even in the presence of IFN, suggesting an IFN-resistant phenotype.	Alanine	40-47	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
21655622-0	2011	The centrality of PBGD expression levels on ALA-PDT efficacy.	Alanine	44-47	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	18-22
21762218-8	2011	Alanine substitution of the Ssd1 NLS prevents Ssd1 nuclear entry, mRNA binding and disrupts Srl1 mRNA localization.	Alanine	0-7	Srl1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	92-96
21655622-3	2011	In this study we investigated the effect of the expression levels of two main enzymes in heme biosynthesis, ALA dehydratase (ALAD) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), on the capacity of K562 cells to undergo cell death following ALA-PDT.	Alanine	108-111	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	162-166
21655622-10	2011	This enables efficient ALA-PDT, even when PBGD is not fully active.	Alanine	23-26	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	42-46
21674662-12	2011	In a single experiment, we were able to quantify the affinities of a series of alanine mutants, covering a wide range of affinities (~ 100 nM to ~ 100 muM).	Alanine	79-86	latexin	Homo sapiens	151-154
21683687-5	2011	Furthermore, mutagenesis of a single C-terminal aspartic acid (D234) to alanine (beta-D234A) also significantly impaired IL-6 production.	Alanine	72-79	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	121-125
21763494-4	2011	We found crucial and distinctive roles of Q46, Q50 and F176 of human CycT1 protein in Tat-mediated transcription by creating various Ala substitution mutants of CycT1 based on its three-dimensional structure.	Alanine	133-136	cyclin T1	Homo sapiens	69-74
21763494-4	2011	We found crucial and distinctive roles of Q46, Q50 and F176 of human CycT1 protein in Tat-mediated transcription by creating various Ala substitution mutants of CycT1 based on its three-dimensional structure.	Alanine	133-136	cyclin T1	Homo sapiens	161-166
21746915-3	2011	Here we generated knock-in mice in which a known MAPK phosphorylation site at serine 105 (S105) in Gata4 that augments activity was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	143-150	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	49-53
21746915-3	2011	Here we generated knock-in mice in which a known MAPK phosphorylation site at serine 105 (S105) in Gata4 that augments activity was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	143-150	GATA binding protein 4	Mus musculus	99-104
21600186-3	2011	To examine the contribution of each active site to the enzymatic activity of ALAS/ALAS, the catalytic lysine, which also covalently binds the PLP cofactor, was substituted with alanine in one of the active sites.	Alanine	177-184	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
21593208-5	2011	Alanine substitutions at CDK sites decreased the interaction with Cut5/Dpb11 at the N-terminal BRCT motifs and decreased the loading of Cut5 onto replication origins.	Alanine	0-7	protein kinase activating protein DPB11	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-76
21471193-5	2011	We show that alanine substitution of these residues blocks the binding of arrestin-1 to rhodopsin in vitro and of arrestin-2 and -3 to beta2-adrenergic, M2 muscarinic cholinergic, and D2 dopamine receptors in intact cells, suggesting that these elements critically contribute to the energy of the interaction.	Alanine	13-20	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	88-97
21471193-5	2011	We show that alanine substitution of these residues blocks the binding of arrestin-1 to rhodopsin in vitro and of arrestin-2 and -3 to beta2-adrenergic, M2 muscarinic cholinergic, and D2 dopamine receptors in intact cells, suggesting that these elements critically contribute to the energy of the interaction.	Alanine	13-20	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	114-131
21600186-3	2011	To examine the contribution of each active site to the enzymatic activity of ALAS/ALAS, the catalytic lysine, which also covalently binds the PLP cofactor, was substituted with alanine in one of the active sites.	Alanine	177-184	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
21600186-4	2011	Albeit the chemical rate for the pre-steady-state burst of ALA formation was identical in both active sites of ALAS/ALAS, the k(cat) values of the variants differed significantly (4.4+-0.2 vs. 21.6+-0.7 min(-1)) depending on which of the two active sites harbored the mutation.	Alanine	59-62	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
21600186-4	2011	Albeit the chemical rate for the pre-steady-state burst of ALA formation was identical in both active sites of ALAS/ALAS, the k(cat) values of the variants differed significantly (4.4+-0.2 vs. 21.6+-0.7 min(-1)) depending on which of the two active sites harbored the mutation.	Alanine	59-62	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
21540484-5	2011	The substitution of the cysteine with an alanine did not affect binding of NADP(+) but resulted in the enzyme lacking the ability to differentiate between the oxidized and reduced coenzyme: unlike the wild-type C(t)-FDH/NADPH complex, in the C707A mutant the position of NADPH is identical to the position of NADP(+) with the nicotinamide ring well ordered within the catalytic center.	Alanine	41-48	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1	Homo sapiens	216-219
21539943-4	2011	GIP adopts an alpha-helical conformation between residues Phe(6)-Gly(31) and Ala(13)-Gln(29) for micellar and bicellar media, respectively.	Alanine	77-80	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
21539943-5	2011	Previously we examined the effect of N-terminal Ala substitution in GIP, but here eight GIP analogues were synthesised by replacing individual residues within the central 8-18 region with alanine.	Alanine	188-195	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
21539943-7	2011	However, at higher concentration, GIP(Ala(16)), and GIP(Ala(18)) showed insulin secreting activity higher than the native GIP (P&lt;0.01 to P&lt;0.001) in cultured pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells.	Alanine	38-41	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
21539943-7	2011	However, at higher concentration, GIP(Ala(16)), and GIP(Ala(18)) showed insulin secreting activity higher than the native GIP (P&lt;0.01 to P&lt;0.001) in cultured pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells.	Alanine	56-59	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
21539943-7	2011	However, at higher concentration, GIP(Ala(16)), and GIP(Ala(18)) showed insulin secreting activity higher than the native GIP (P&lt;0.01 to P&lt;0.001) in cultured pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells.	Alanine	56-59	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
21402716-3	2011	We show, by a combination of cysteine cross-linking, alanine-scanning mutagenesis, and computational simulations, that the TpoR TM dimerizes strongly and can adopt 3 different stable, rotationally related conformations, which may correspond to specific states of the full-length receptor (active, inactive, and partially active).	Alanine	53-60	MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
21539943-0	2011	Conformational, receptor interaction and alanine scan studies of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Alanine	41-48	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	65-109
21138480-8	2011	Treatment with NF-kappaB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 (Bay) completely abrogated ALA-PDT-induced JNK activation.	Alanine	74-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	90-93
21441536-3	2011	This dependence on ORF1p was investigated by mutating three highly conserved residues, R238, R284 and Y318 to alanine, thereby inactivating retrotransposition.	Alanine	110-117	ORF1	Homo sapiens	19-24
21138480-10	2011	CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate significant involvement of caspase-8 and -9 and their upstream NF-kappaB-JNK pathways in ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	127-130	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	111-114
21138480-11	2011	Future studies on how NF-kappaB and JNK activity regulate ALA-PDT response should provide a better strategy for the treatment of oral cancer.	Alanine	58-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	36-39
21498515-12	2011	Mutational analysis of serine and threonine residues revealed that substitution of threonine 30, located at the amino terminus of hNET with alanine (T30A-hNET), abolished cocaine-induced up-regulation of NET function, surface expression, and phosphorylation.	Alanine	140-147	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
21610090-5	2011	The distribution of cysteine-to-alanine substitution mutants, designed to prevent zinc finger formation, showed that NE localization of Samp1 depends on intact CxxC motifs.	Alanine	32-39	transmembrane protein 201	Homo sapiens	136-141
21498515-12	2011	Mutational analysis of serine and threonine residues revealed that substitution of threonine 30, located at the amino terminus of hNET with alanine (T30A-hNET), abolished cocaine-induced up-regulation of NET function, surface expression, and phosphorylation.	Alanine	140-147	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	154-158
21498515-12	2011	Mutational analysis of serine and threonine residues revealed that substitution of threonine 30, located at the amino terminus of hNET with alanine (T30A-hNET), abolished cocaine-induced up-regulation of NET function, surface expression, and phosphorylation.	Alanine	140-147	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	131-134
21511949-2	2011	To date, five SNATs have been characterized and functionally subdivided into systems A (SLC38A1, SLC38A2, and SLC38A4) and N (SLC38A3 and SLC38A5) showing the highest transport for glutamine and alanine.	Alanine	195-202	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	126-133
21511949-2	2011	To date, five SNATs have been characterized and functionally subdivided into systems A (SLC38A1, SLC38A2, and SLC38A4) and N (SLC38A3 and SLC38A5) showing the highest transport for glutamine and alanine.	Alanine	195-202	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	138-145
21454579-10	2011	Mutating the Ser-635 to nonphosphorylatable alanine prevented ATP from activating eNOS in cells.	Alanine	44-51	nitric oxide synthase 3	Bos taurus	82-86
21336563-7	2011	Six historically used alanine substitutions for determining structure-function relationships of Nef are discussed.	Alanine	22-29	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	96-99
21737649-4	2011	In three mutant forms of p53--S15A, S20A and S46A--serine was converted to alanine at these sites to prevent phosphorylation, and in two other mutant forms, S15D and S20D, serine was converted to aspartic acid to mimic phosphorylation.	Alanine	75-82	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	25-28
21336131-15	2011	Multivariate analysis showed a 54% reduction of the amount of insulin for the same levels of glycemia in the alanine-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition group.	Alanine	109-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
20499205-4	2011	The distribution of Cd (II) and Pb (II) in alanine (Ala), aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), histidine (His), methionine (Met), phenylalanine (Phe), serine (Ser), and threonine (Thr) were analyzed by monitoring changes in the concentration of free amino acids by HPLC/IC.	Alanine	43-50	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	20-39
21502402-5	2011	Prevention of Ser 68 phosphorylation by an alanine (A) mutation (Ser 68A) dramatically accelerates Twist1 ubiquitination and degradation.	Alanine	43-50	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
21634027-7	2011	In contrast, during acute oxidative stress the actin cytoskeleton in Cys-to-Ala actin mutants remains polarized longer, OABs are slower to form, and the cells recover more slowly than wild-type cells, suggesting that the OABs play a protective role.	Alanine	76-79	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-52
21634027-7	2011	In contrast, during acute oxidative stress the actin cytoskeleton in Cys-to-Ala actin mutants remains polarized longer, OABs are slower to form, and the cells recover more slowly than wild-type cells, suggesting that the OABs play a protective role.	Alanine	76-79	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-85
21136209-5	2011	The authors then performed an alanine scan analysis of CA11 and determined the amino acid residues necessary to interact with IL-6.	Alanine	30-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	126-130
21184752-3	2011	Ala-317 in the class I enzymes is substituted with Cys in human ADH4, and locally different conformations of the peptide backbones could affect coenzyme binding.	Alanine	0-3	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	64-68
21414826-9	2011	Only one SNP (rs498793 in FADS2) remained associated with the EPA:ALA ratio (p=1.1 x 10(-5)) in Asians.	Alanine	66-69	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
21454505-7	2011	Ala substitution of TBC1D1 Met(930), corresponding to a residue outside of the Gyp1p/Rab33B contact, substantially reduced catalytic activity.	Alanine	0-3	GTPase-activating protein GYP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-84
21571637-9	2011	A FOG-3 mutant with its four consensus ERK phosphorylation sites substituted to alanines, called FOG-3(4A), rescued partially: sperm were made transiently but not continuously in both sexes.	Alanine	80-88	Anti_prolifrtn domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	2-7
21571637-9	2011	A FOG-3 mutant with its four consensus ERK phosphorylation sites substituted to alanines, called FOG-3(4A), rescued partially: sperm were made transiently but not continuously in both sexes.	Alanine	80-88	Anti_prolifrtn domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	97-102
21518912-10	2011	Also, changing cLPL residues 421 to 425, 426 to 430, and 431 to 435 to alanine blocks cLPL binding to GPIHBP1 without inhibiting catalytic activity.	Alanine	71-78	glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	102-109
21474311-7	2011	In addition, the structural analysis of compound 4 suggested hydrogen bond interactions between compound 4 and Ala 1950 residue in the backbone of the ATP binding pocket of LRRK2 kinas domain.	Alanine	111-114	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	173-178
21216287-5	2011	Assays at Caco-2 cells and at HeLa cells expressing the human peptide transporter (hPEPT)1 revealed that Ala-Mal and Mal-Ala show medium to high affinity to the system.	Alanine	105-108	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	62-90
21359826-4	2011	In the presence of suitable substrates such as L-aspartate (L-alanine) and alpha-ketoglutarate, AST and ALT generate pyruvate as an enzymatic end product.	Alanine	60-69	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	96-99
21454670-7	2011	A SERT mutant in which the SEC24C-binding motif ((607)RI(608)) was replaced by alanine was insensitive to down-regulation of SEC24C levels.	Alanine	79-86	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	2-6
21216287-9	2011	We conclude that Ala-Mal and Mal-Ala are transported by hPEPT1 into intestinal cells and then hydrolyzed to free maltosine and alanine.	Alanine	17-20	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
21216287-9	2011	We conclude that Ala-Mal and Mal-Ala are transported by hPEPT1 into intestinal cells and then hydrolyzed to free maltosine and alanine.	Alanine	127-134	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
21489262-4	2011	Wild type HDGF was phosphorylated in asynchronous cells and substitution of S103, S165 and S202 to alanine each demonstrated a decrease in HDGF phosphorylation.	Alanine	99-106	heparin binding growth factor	Mus musculus	10-14
21470346-6	2011	To gain insights into the molecular basis underlying the functional differences between canonical and variant histones, 117 alanine-scanning point mutants of Htz1 were constructed for this study, and chemical genetic screens were carried out.	Alanine	124-131	histone H2AZ	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	158-162
21186189-6	2011	Tsga8 was characterized by extremely high levels of insertion-deletion variation of an alanine-rich repetitive motif in natural populations of Mus domesticus and M. musculus, differing in length from the reference mouse genome by up to 89 amino acids (27% of the total protein length).	Alanine	87-94	testis specific gene A8	Mus musculus	0-5
21526172-5	2011	PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to isolate 64 mutant Gap1 proteins altered in the NT, the CT, or one of the five TM-connecting intracellular loops (L2, -4, -6, -8 and -10).	Alanine	28-35	amino acid permease GAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-82
21357684-6	2011	We performed a systematic alanine mutagenesis study of the archaeal OST to identify the essential and dispensable amino acid residues in the three catalytic motifs.	Alanine	26-33	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	68-71
21489262-4	2011	Wild type HDGF was phosphorylated in asynchronous cells and substitution of S103, S165 and S202 to alanine each demonstrated a decrease in HDGF phosphorylation.	Alanine	99-106	heparin binding growth factor	Mus musculus	139-143
21385839-3	2011	Mutation of KLC1ser460 to an alanine residue, to preclude phosphorylation, increased the binding of calsyntenin-1, whereas mutation to an aspartate residue, to mimic permanent phosphorylation, reduced the binding.	Alanine	29-36	kinesin light chain 1	Homo sapiens	12-22
21209000-2	2011	To examine the roles of conserved charged residues (Asp, Glu, Arg, and Lys) on ECD, we mutated 16 residues in human alpha-ENaC to alanine.	Alanine	130-137	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	116-126
21162712-6	2011	Alanine-scanning replacement studies revealed the importance of two residues (PYC71N Phe9 or Phe11 within an FXF motif) for JNK inhibition.	Alanine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	124-127
21280672-10	2011	Replacement of these three Nip1 serines with alanines causes a slow growth phenotype.	Alanine	45-53	translation initiation factor eIF3 core subunit c	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-31
21091060-1	2011	BACKGROUND: It has been shown that elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the pattern of this association in diabetic patients with negative or mild steatosis is not well understood.	Alanine	54-61	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	103-106
21091060-1	2011	BACKGROUND: It has been shown that elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the pattern of this association in diabetic patients with negative or mild steatosis is not well understood.	Alanine	54-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
21220428-6	2011	The orthosteric binding mode was verified by site-directed mutagenesis: replacement of orthosteric site arginine residues by alanine in FFA2 prevented ligand binding, and molecular modeling predicted the detailed mode of binding.	Alanine	125-132	free fatty acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
21306448-2	2011	However, many bacteria, among them most of the major human pathogens, achieve CAMP resistance by MprF, a unique enzyme that modifies anionic phospholipids with l-lysine or l-alanine thereby introducing positive charges into the membrane surface and reducing the affinity for CAMPs.	Alanine	172-181	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	78-82
20930717-8	2011	Patients carrying D2 Ala/Ala genotype had a higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA(IR) index as compared to patients carrying Thr/Ala or Thr/Thr genotypes (P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively).	Alanine	21-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
20930717-8	2011	Patients carrying D2 Ala/Ala genotype had a higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA(IR) index as compared to patients carrying Thr/Ala or Thr/Thr genotypes (P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively).	Alanine	25-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
20930717-8	2011	Patients carrying D2 Ala/Ala genotype had a higher fasting plasma insulin and HOMA(IR) index as compared to patients carrying Thr/Ala or Thr/Thr genotypes (P = 0.022 and P = 0.001, respectively).	Alanine	25-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	399-404
21205829-5	2011	Additional mutations of His-155 and Ala-348 in the hP2X(7) receptor to residues with diverse side chains revealed a different dependence on the side chain properties, supporting the specificity of these two residues.	Alanine	36-39	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	51-67
21205829-6	2011	Substitutions of the residues surrounding His-155 and Ala-348 in the hP2X(7) receptor with the equivalent ones in the rP2X(7) receptor also affected ATP-induced currents but were not fully reminiscent of the H155Y and A348T effects.	Alanine	54-57	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	69-85
21199860-3	2011	In most patients, this (GCG)(6) repeat is expanded to (GCG)(8-13), leading to a stretch of 12-17 alanines in mutant PABPN1, which is thought to confer a toxic gain of function.	Alanine	97-105	glucagon	Homo sapiens	24-27
21199860-3	2011	In most patients, this (GCG)(6) repeat is expanded to (GCG)(8-13), leading to a stretch of 12-17 alanines in mutant PABPN1, which is thought to confer a toxic gain of function.	Alanine	97-105	glucagon	Homo sapiens	55-58
21205829-2	2011	Here, we investigated the mechanisms determining the P2X(7) receptor function by following two human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations that replace His-155 and Ala-348 in the human (h) P2X(7) receptor with the corresponding residues, Tyr-155 and Thr-348, in the rat (r) P2X(7) receptor.	Alanine	173-176	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	53-68
21226500-9	2011	Finally, we identified a third group of residues that are outside site 1 (&gt;5 A) and extend to site 2 and whose mutation to alanine significantly weakened receptor binding at site 1 of prolactin.	Alanine	126-133	prolactin	Homo sapiens	187-196
21196497-6	2011	Mutating lysine to alanine or to arginine at Lys(588) and Lys(591) of Nrf2 resulted in decreased Nrf2-dependent gene transcription and abrogated the transcription-activating effect of CREB-binding protein.	Alanine	19-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
21196497-6	2011	Mutating lysine to alanine or to arginine at Lys(588) and Lys(591) of Nrf2 resulted in decreased Nrf2-dependent gene transcription and abrogated the transcription-activating effect of CREB-binding protein.	Alanine	19-26	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	184-204
21321097-3	2011	However, polycystin-2 mutant proteins in which these two residues were replaced by alanine were still sorted into the cilium, thus indicating that the trafficking routes to the somatic and ciliary plasma membrane compartments are distinct.	Alanine	83-90	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	9-21
21299528-4	2011	We show here that HLA-DP2 binds MBP85-99 with high affinity, and that the amino acid residues in position MBP91, MBP92 and MBP93 are influencing the binding, as shown by alanine scans.	Alanine	170-177	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
21349429-2	2011	To examine the function of this coupling, we constructed mice in which the phosphorylation site at threonine 490 of RAG-2 was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	137-144	recombination activating gene 2	Mus musculus	116-121
21144910-8	2011	Substitution by either alanine or arginine exerted an almost identical effect on LRP binding.	Alanine	23-30	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
21252300-6	2011	An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants.	Alanine	3-10	AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Alanine	95-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21087603-6	2011	Although phosphorylation on serine 807 did not directly impact on in vitro GAP activity, a DLC1 serine-to-alanine exchange mutant inhibited colony formation more potently than the wild type protein.	Alanine	106-113	DLC1 Rho GTPase activating protein	Homo sapiens	91-95
21738359-0	2011	Topical ALA-Photodynamic Therapy for Acne Can Induce Apoptosis of Sebocytes and Down-regulate Their TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression.	Alanine	8-11	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	100-105
21282642-7	2011	Our results show that His64 is essential for the enhancement of lactate transport via MCT1/4, because a mutation of this residue to alanine (CAII-H64A) abolishes the CAII-induced increase in MCT1/4 activity.	Alanine	132-139	solute carrier family 16 member 14	Homo sapiens	86-92
21282642-7	2011	Our results show that His64 is essential for the enhancement of lactate transport via MCT1/4, because a mutation of this residue to alanine (CAII-H64A) abolishes the CAII-induced increase in MCT1/4 activity.	Alanine	132-139	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
21123176-9	2011	A His-248/His-250 Zn(2+)-mediated intermolecular bridge was observed in a catalytic domain crystal structure (Protein Data Bank code 3IR2); however, atomic force microscopy analyses showed that the stoichiometry of the A3G-ssDNA complexes changed insignificantly when these residues were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	299-302	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	219-222
21204226-4	2011	Here, we report two unrelated girls with epilepsy and mental retardation who inherited from their unaffected parents, of either sex, a deletion of 24 bp (c.441_464del), resulting in a contraction of eight alanines in the second polyA tract of ARX.	Alanine	205-213	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	243-246
21142150-5	2011	We further performed 30 ns molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type TSP1, CRT, K24A/K32A mutant TSP1, and mutant CRT (residues 24-26 and 32-34 mutated to Ala) and studied the conformational and structural changes in TSP1 and CRT as the result of mutation of these critical residues.	Alanine	158-161	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	117-120
21142150-5	2011	We further performed 30 ns molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type TSP1, CRT, K24A/K32A mutant TSP1, and mutant CRT (residues 24-26 and 32-34 mutated to Ala) and studied the conformational and structural changes in TSP1 and CRT as the result of mutation of these critical residues.	Alanine	158-161	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	117-120
21142150-6	2011	Results showed that mutation of residues 24 and 32 to Ala in TSP1 and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 to Ala in CRT results in a shortened beta-strand in the binding site, decreased hydrogen bond occupancy for beta-strand pairs that are located within or near the binding site, increased conformational flexibility of the binding site, a changed degree of dynamically correlated motion between the residues in the binding site and the other residues in protein, and a changed degree of overall correlated motion between the residues in the protein.	Alanine	54-57	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
21142150-6	2011	Results showed that mutation of residues 24 and 32 to Ala in TSP1 and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 to Ala in CRT results in a shortened beta-strand in the binding site, decreased hydrogen bond occupancy for beta-strand pairs that are located within or near the binding site, increased conformational flexibility of the binding site, a changed degree of dynamically correlated motion between the residues in the binding site and the other residues in protein, and a changed degree of overall correlated motion between the residues in the protein.	Alanine	104-107	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	111-114
20946196-1	2011	Nucleotide sequence of HLA-A*02:230 allele was different from that of HLA-A*02:03:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at codon 139 (GCA &gt; ACA), resulting in one amino acid change (Ala to Thr).	Alanine	186-189	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	23-28
20946196-1	2011	Nucleotide sequence of HLA-A*02:230 allele was different from that of HLA-A*02:03:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at codon 139 (GCA &gt; ACA), resulting in one amino acid change (Ala to Thr).	Alanine	186-189	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	70-75
21287520-3	2011	RESULTS: The DNA sequencing revealed the presence of the new allele which differs from the closest matching HLA-DRB1*120201 by a single nucleotide substitution at position (341 C &gt; T in exon 2), resulting in an amino acid change from Ala to Val at coden 85.	Alanine	237-240	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-116
21568850-8	2011	The contribution to the free energy of steroid ligand binding of 30 amino acids forming the substrate-binding region of CYP51A1, as well as the influence of their substitutions to alanine on the stability of the protein molecule, has been clarified using alanine scanning modeling.	Alanine	255-262	cytochrome P450 family 51 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	120-127
21304260-3	2011	The activity of serine : pyruvate/alanine : glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT) or glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR), the key enzyme of primary hyperoxlauria type 1 and 2, respectively, and their subcellular distribution highly affects the oxalate production.	Alanine	34-41	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	77-80
21969185-5	2011	As previously reported for PlGF1 isoform, we have generated a PlGF2 variant named PlGF2 -DE, in which the residues D(72) and E(73) were substituted with alanine, that is unable to bind and activate VEGFR-1 but is still able to heterodimerize with VEGF.	Alanine	153-160	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	62-67
21969185-5	2011	As previously reported for PlGF1 isoform, we have generated a PlGF2 variant named PlGF2 -DE, in which the residues D(72) and E(73) were substituted with alanine, that is unable to bind and activate VEGFR-1 but is still able to heterodimerize with VEGF.	Alanine	153-160	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	82-87
20920535-6	2011	MEK inhibition was shown to abolish Pin1 mediated degradation of SULT4A1 while in vitro phosphorylation assays using alanine substitution mutants of SULT4A1 demonstrated phosphorylation of Thr(11) by ERK1.	Alanine	117-124	sulfotransferase family 4A member 1	Homo sapiens	149-156
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	glucagon	Homo sapiens	240-263
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	glucagon	Homo sapiens	265-270
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	276-320
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	322-325
21069403-4	2011	The amino acid sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that it could be classified as a subtilisin-like serine protease, though the highly conserved residue Asp was replaced by Ala.	Alanine	193-196	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	120-135
20860996-5	2011	Functional analysis of eRF1 chimeras constructed by swapping Euplotes N domain sequences with the cognate regions from human eRF1 as well as site-directed mutagenesis of human eRF1 highlighted the crucial role of the alanine residue in position 70 of E. aediculatus eRF1 in restricting UGA decoding.	Alanine	217-224	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
22007141-5	2011	Residues such as Lys8 and Thr26 may be involved in the self-regulation of substate of RyR1, since alanine substitution of the aa residues led to a drastic conversion to the substate.	Alanine	98-105	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
20962024-9	2011	Wild-type and alanine-substituted constructs responded normally to ACTH.	Alanine	14-21	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	67-71
20952238-4	2011	Different RYR1 mutations that caused amino acid substitutions ((612)Ala&gt;Thr and (4295)Ala&gt;Val) were identified in 2 cases.	Alanine	68-71	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
20952238-4	2011	Different RYR1 mutations that caused amino acid substitutions ((612)Ala&gt;Thr and (4295)Ala&gt;Val) were identified in 2 cases.	Alanine	89-92	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
21931793-11	2011	Finally, to identify regions of importance for the increased constitutive activity of Mc1r E92K, we employed a chimeric approach and identified G102 and L110 in the extracellular loop 1 to be selectively important for the constitutive activity as this, but not alphaMSH-mediated activation, was abolished upon Ala substitution.	Alanine	310-313	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	86-90
22096607-10	2011	Mutating either S111 or S112 to alanine enhanced binding to Bcl-2, but the double mutant S111/112A bound better to Bcl-2.	Alanine	32-39	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	60-65
21887377-9	2011	Alanine substitution at this site abolished IRF2BP2 nuclear localization in C(2)C(12) myoblasts and CV1 cells.	Alanine	0-7	interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-51
21949740-11	2011	Alanine scan of ARTS 266-274 showed the importance of several residues for Bir3 binding, with His268 and Cys273 contributing the most.	Alanine	0-7	septin 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
21076071-5	2010	Subsequently, alanine substitutions at various C1q binding sites were separately introduced to the Fc region of the IgG1 mAb.	Alanine	14-21	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)	Mus musculus	116-120
20974683-7	2010	Mutation of Thr41 in RGS13 to Ala (T41A) reduced steady-state RGS13 levels and its ability to inhibit M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated Erk phosphorylation compared with wild-type RGS13 by attenuating the protective effect of cAMP on RGS13 degradation.	Alanine	30-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-137
20837482-3	2010	In this study, we performed extensive substituted cysteine-scanning mutagenesis analysis of the C-terminal region of NBCe1-A covering amino acids Ala(800)-Lys(967).	Alanine	146-149	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	117-124
20869417-5	2010	We mutated Cys-226, at the extracellular end of TM3 of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, to alanine and observed a 38-fold reduction in GLP-1 potency.	Alanine	104-111	glucagon	Homo sapiens	59-82
20869417-5	2010	We mutated Cys-226, at the extracellular end of TM3 of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, to alanine and observed a 38-fold reduction in GLP-1 potency.	Alanine	104-111	glucagon	Homo sapiens	84-89
20709103-3	2010	Here we show that, in human malignant T cells, the expression of a mutated IFN-gammaR2 chain in which the LI(255-256) internalization motif is replaced by two alanines (LI(255-256)AA) induces cell surface accumulation of the receptor and reinstates the cell sensitivity to IFN-gamma.	Alanine	159-167	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	75-84
21143681-11	2010	Mutated GASA4, in which conserved cysteines were replaced by alanines, lost its redox activity and the ability to promote GA responses, suggesting that the two functions are linked.	Alanine	61-69	GAST1 protein homolog 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-13
20847049-8	2010	However, the double mutant p53(S215A/S269A) was transcriptionally inactive and more thermally unstable than either individual Ser-Ala loop mutant.	Alanine	130-133	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	27-30
20837482-5	2010	The results show that the extracellular surface of the NBCe1-A C-terminal transmembrane region is minimally exposed to aqueous media with Met(858) accessible to both biotin maleimide and TAMRA and Thr(926)-Ala(929) only to TAMRA labeling.	Alanine	206-209	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	55-62
20951679-3	2010	METHODS AND RESULTS: Contrary to our hypothesis, administration of a VPAC(1)-R agonist, (Ala(11,22,28))-VIP aggravated atherosclerotic lesion development in the aortic root of these mice compared to control mice.	Alanine	89-92	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	104-107
20942455-1	2010	The influence of the salts KCl, NaCl, and NaI at molar concentrations on the alpha-helical folding kinetics of the alanine-based oligopeptide Ace-AEAAAKEAAAKA-Nme is investigated by means of (explicit-water) molecular dynamics simulations and a diffusional analysis.	Alanine	115-122	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	142-145
20675385-4	2010	Here, we show either by deleting the Phe residue (K16P) or by substituting it by an Ala (K17A), that it plays a crucial role in apelin receptor internalization but not in apelin binding or in Galpha(i)-protein coupling.	Alanine	84-87	apelin	Homo sapiens	128-134
21047423-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing findings on the relationship between elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), this association in diabetic patients without a known cause for liver enzymes elevation other than diabetes, per se, remains unclear.	Alanine	84-91	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	133-136
20868244-8	2010	Val/Ala (VA) genotype of PARP1 Val762Ala polymorphism was significantly more in the control group (p = 0.02).	Alanine	4-7	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
20600027-9	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to replace the serine residue of the consensus Akt substrate motifs of DLC1 with alanine.	Alanine	120-127	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	86-89
20736304-5	2010	Using HEK293 cells stably transfected for the expression of tagged STIM1, we found that alanine substitution mutants of ERK1/2 target sites reduced SOCE significantly, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues are required to fully accomplish SOCE.	Alanine	88-95	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	143-149
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
20736304-7	2010	Conversely, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which activates ERK1/2, enhanced SOCE in cells expressing wild-type tagged STIM1, but did not potentiate Ca2+ influx in cells expressing serine to alanine mutations in ERK1/2 target sites of STIM1.	Alanine	197-204	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	66-72
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	59-65
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	255-258
20949125-4	2010	An engineered STAT1-CC molecule with double cysteine substitutions in the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains of STAT1 (at Ala-656 and Asn-658) efficiently phosphorylates and translocates to the nucleus of IFN-resistant cells in an IFN-gamma dependent manner.	Alanine	116-119	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	225-234
20736304-5	2010	Using HEK293 cells stably transfected for the expression of tagged STIM1, we found that alanine substitution mutants of ERK1/2 target sites reduced SOCE significantly, suggesting that phosphorylation of these residues are required to fully accomplish SOCE.	Alanine	88-95	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	120-126
20658179-5	2010	The mutation causes substitution of alanine by valine at a homologous and completely conserved troponin I residue (A25) in the vertebrate skeletal muscle TnI isoform.	Alanine	36-43	wings up A	Drosophila melanogaster	95-105
20840271-5	2010	The Pro(12) Ala polymorphism in exon 2 of the PPAR-gamma gene was found in low frequency.	Alanine	12-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-56
20713547-9	2010	Functional analysis of truncated and alanine-substituted HCN4 channels identified a PKA regulatory site in the distal C terminus of HCN4, which is required for PKA modulation of I(f).	Alanine	37-44	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4	Mus musculus	57-61
20713547-9	2010	Functional analysis of truncated and alanine-substituted HCN4 channels identified a PKA regulatory site in the distal C terminus of HCN4, which is required for PKA modulation of I(f).	Alanine	37-44	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 4	Mus musculus	132-136
20598094-3	2010	Map-based cloning identified adt2-1D, a dominant point mutation causing a predicted serine to alanine change in the regulatory domain of ADT2 (arogenate dehydratase 2).	Alanine	94-101	arogenate dehydratase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
20598094-3	2010	Map-based cloning identified adt2-1D, a dominant point mutation causing a predicted serine to alanine change in the regulatory domain of ADT2 (arogenate dehydratase 2).	Alanine	94-101	arogenate dehydratase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	137-141
20598094-3	2010	Map-based cloning identified adt2-1D, a dominant point mutation causing a predicted serine to alanine change in the regulatory domain of ADT2 (arogenate dehydratase 2).	Alanine	94-101	arogenate dehydratase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	143-166
20420754-0	2010	The Ala allele in the PPAR-gamma2 gene is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Caucasians and improved insulin sensitivity in overweight subjects.	Alanine	4-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
20471432-4	2010	Results from mutants where Tyr2.64 has been substituted by Ala suggest that Tyr2.64 is involved in the interaction with all investigated ligands whereas position Tyr7.31 seems to be more important for interaction with the truncated peptide PYY(3-36) than with intact NPY.	Alanine	59-62	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	240-243
21103216-5	2010	Proline to alanine substitutions at P53, P481, P484, and P485 in the V42C background, as well as P53, P481, and P484 in the G489C background, exhibited decreased nucleotidase activities.	Alanine	11-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
21103216-6	2010	More importantly, alanine substitutions at P53 and P481 in the V42C background and P481 in the G489C background no longer exhibited the ATP-induced decrease in transmembrane cross-linking efficiency.	Alanine	18-25	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	43-46
20696886-5	2010	Although the aspartate-glutamate-alanine-histidine box motif (DEAH) domain of DHX36 was essential for CpG-A binding, the domain of unknown function 1605 (DUF1605 domain) of DHX9 was required for CpG-B binding.	Alanine	33-40	DEAH-box helicase 36	Homo sapiens	78-83
20547769-7	2010	To investigate the role of each cysteine residue, we created alanine mutants and found that Cys(230) appears to promote oxidation and inactivation of TG2 by facilitating formation of Cys(370)-Cys(371) through formation of the Cys(230)-Cys(370) disulfide bond.	Alanine	61-68	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	150-153
20420754-8	2010	We found a significant association of the Ala allele with the lowest risk of T2DM in Caucasians (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.65, 0.98), lower serum insulin (standardised effect size: - 0.05; 95 % CI - 0.09, - 0.00; P = 0.04), and greater sensitivity to insulin in overweight individuals (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance standardised effect size: - 0.07; 95 % CI - 0.13, - 0.01; P = 0.02).	Alanine	42-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
20420754-8	2010	We found a significant association of the Ala allele with the lowest risk of T2DM in Caucasians (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.65, 0.98), lower serum insulin (standardised effect size: - 0.05; 95 % CI - 0.09, - 0.00; P = 0.04), and greater sensitivity to insulin in overweight individuals (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance standardised effect size: - 0.07; 95 % CI - 0.13, - 0.01; P = 0.02).	Alanine	42-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-251
20420754-8	2010	We found a significant association of the Ala allele with the lowest risk of T2DM in Caucasians (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.65, 0.98), lower serum insulin (standardised effect size: - 0.05; 95 % CI - 0.09, - 0.00; P = 0.04), and greater sensitivity to insulin in overweight individuals (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance standardised effect size: - 0.07; 95 % CI - 0.13, - 0.01; P = 0.02).	Alanine	42-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-251
20420754-9	2010	Considering that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene is one of the factors related to insulin sensitivity, the present study demonstrated a significant effect of the Ala allele on lower development of T2DM in Caucasians and greater sensitivity to insulin in overweight subjects.	Alanine	26-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
20420754-9	2010	Considering that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene is one of the factors related to insulin sensitivity, the present study demonstrated a significant effect of the Ala allele on lower development of T2DM in Caucasians and greater sensitivity to insulin in overweight subjects.	Alanine	26-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	261-268
20360457-7	2010	Both P2X(7) haplotypes contained the Ala-348&gt;Thr polymorphism (rs1718119), and this mutation was critical for the gain-of-function effect.	Alanine	37-40	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	5-11
20593765-4	2010	Alanine substitution of these ionizable residues decouples protonation and hampers the binding of ERalpha to DNA by nearly 1 order of magnitude.	Alanine	0-7	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	98-105
20582913-0	2010	Improved antimicrobial activity of h-lysozyme (107-115) by rational Ala substitution.	Alanine	68-71	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	37-45
20582913-4	2010	Taking the fragment 107-115 of the human lysozyme as lead, two-round screening by sequentially replacing both Ala residues (108 and 111) by distinct amino acids resulted in a novel peptide with 4- and 20-fold increased antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, respectively.	Alanine	110-113	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	41-49
20799012-5	2010	A mutated GIP peptide in which Tyr(1), Ile(7), Asp(15), and His(18) were replaced by His, Thr, Glu, and Ala, respectively, was able to activate both GLP1R and GIPR with moderate potency.	Alanine	104-107	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	10-13
20596649-8	2010	This meta-analysis suggests that the Ala allele of the PPARgamma P12A polymorphism might be a protective factor for colorectal cancer, but a risk factor for gastric cancer.	Alanine	37-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-64
20599757-4	2010	This study evaluated the role of H(2)O(2) on the Na(+)-dependent [(14)C]-l-alanine uptake of ASCT2 in immortalized renal PTE cells from Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).	Alanine	73-82	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
20481588-7	2010	Furthermore, the YBR261C/Tae1 and METTL11A recombinant proteins methylate variants of the synthetic peptide containing N-terminal alanine and serine residues.	Alanine	130-137	N-terminal Xaa-Pro-Lys N-methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	34-42
20404340-2	2010	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of 97 residues covering 53% of the solvent accessible surface area of the enzyme identifies Trp(215) as the single most important determinant of thrombin specificity.	Alanine	0-3	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	170-178
20214400-9	2010	By introducing one to five alanine residues into the TM alpha-helix, we show that a TM rotation of 40 degrees leads to constitutive NPRA activation.	Alanine	27-34	natriuretic peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
20152939-2	2010	We tested a hypothesized CPR docking site by mutating D113, E115, and E116 to alanine and assaying activity toward various electron acceptors as a function of ionic strength.	Alanine	78-85	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	25-28
20513056-2	2010	Cyclodiene resistance in many insects is associated with replacement of a single amino acid (alanine at position 302) with either a serine or a glycine in the Rdl gene.	Alanine	93-100	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	159-162
20513056-6	2010	At the orthologous position of alanine-302 in D. melanogaster Rdl, PxGABARalpha1 has a conserved alanine at position 282.	Alanine	31-38	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	62-65
20308031-3	2010	Using Taqman assay, we determined FABP2 alanine (A)/threonine (T) polymorphism at codon 54 in exon-2 and APOE isoforms.	Alanine	40-47	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	62-65	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
20170943-2	2010	METHODS: Taking advantage of the human factor IX (FIX) specificity of monoclonal antibody 3A6, the epitope of which resides in the amino acid polypeptide segment including Ala 262 of human FIX, mutant macaque FIX with an amino acid substitution of Thr 262 to Ala (macaque FIX T262A) was generated and its reactivity to monoclonal antibody 3A6, biological activity and expression in vivo were studied.	Alanine	172-175	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	39-48
20495767-10	2010	For IAPP 1-37 and 8-37, the catalase binding was primarily directed towards fibrillar rather than ribbon-like structures, suggesting differences in the accessibility of the human IAPP 24-27 Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu region.	Alanine	194-197	catalase	Homo sapiens	28-36
20235151-5	2010	Arsenic increased RET-PTC1 kinase activity with cysteine 365 (C365) replaced by alanine with promotion of dimer formation but not with cysteine 376 (C376) replaced by alanine.	Alanine	80-87	patched 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	0-7
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	131-138
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	131-138
20184887-8	2010	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the pore domain of Kv1.5 identified the residues Thr480, Leu499, Leu506, Ile508, Leu510 and Val514 as components of the putative binding site for DPO-1, partially overlapping the site previously defined for the Kv1.5 channel blockers AVE0118 and S0100176.	Alanine	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	47-52
20184887-8	2010	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the pore domain of Kv1.5 identified the residues Thr480, Leu499, Leu506, Ile508, Leu510 and Val514 as components of the putative binding site for DPO-1, partially overlapping the site previously defined for the Kv1.5 channel blockers AVE0118 and S0100176.	Alanine	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	239-244
20457940-7	2010	Working with recombinant Gsalpha, we report that mutating its SWI-Thr to either Ala, Glu, Gln, or Asp results not only in diminished GTPase activity but also in spontaneous activation of the SWII domain.	Alanine	80-83	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	25-32
20495767-3	2010	Previous studies have shown that catalase binds to A-beta fibrils and appears to recognize a region containing the Gly-Ala-Ile-Ile sequence that is similar to the Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu sequence found in human IAPP residues 24-27.	Alanine	119-122	catalase	Homo sapiens	33-41
20495767-3	2010	Previous studies have shown that catalase binds to A-beta fibrils and appears to recognize a region containing the Gly-Ala-Ile-Ile sequence that is similar to the Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu sequence found in human IAPP residues 24-27.	Alanine	167-170	catalase	Homo sapiens	33-41
20143318-6	2010	Substrate channeling between the enzymes was observed when NSE with its active regions Leu(11)-Asn(16), Arg(49)-Lys(59), and Gly(155)-Ala(158) covered the Ser(14)-Leu(30) loop of dPGM-B.	Alanine	134-137	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	59-62
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	62-65	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	62-65	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	162-165
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	111-114	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	104-107
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	111-114	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
20337411-4	2010	Results showed that mutations of Lys 24 and Lys 32 in TSP1 to Ala and of amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT to Ala significantly weakened the binding of TSP1 and CRT, which is consistent with experimental results.	Alanine	111-114	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	162-165
20401525-5	2010	RESULT: Human studies revealed that IgM-ALA consist of several different IgM, each with specificities for a different leukocyte receptor, e.g., CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4.	Alanine	40-43	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	149-152
20236090-10	2010	Importantly, alanine substitution of the four C-terminal phosphorylation sites markedly decreased the half-life of ERK3 in mitosis, thereby linking phosphorylation to the stabilization of the kinase.	Alanine	13-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 6	Homo sapiens	115-119
20197274-6	2010	In this in situ based NBCe1-A topology, residues mutated in pRTA (pRTA residues) are assigned as: Ser(427), TM1; Thr(485) and Gly(486), TM3; Arg(510) and Leu(522), TM4; Ala(799), TM10; and Arg(881), TM12.	Alanine	169-172	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	22-29
20362450-6	2010	Mutation of the five p90Rsk residues to alanine impairs Myt1 hyperphosphorylation during oocyte maturation and makes Myt1 resistant to the inhibition by p90Rsk.	Alanine	40-47	myelin transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
20362450-6	2010	Mutation of the five p90Rsk residues to alanine impairs Myt1 hyperphosphorylation during oocyte maturation and makes Myt1 resistant to the inhibition by p90Rsk.	Alanine	40-47	myelin transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
20043145-6	2010	We observed that Ala carriers experienced greater increase in overall glucose tolerance (Deltaglucose disappearance index Ala/Ala 0.22 +/- 0.22, Pro/Ala 0.14 +/- 0.06, Pro/Pro 0.004 +/- 0.03; p = 0.0008), glucose effectiveness (Ala/Ala 0.28 +/- 0.41, Pro/Ala 0.44 +/- 0.14, Pro/Pro 0.09 +/- 0.06; p = 0.004), acute insulin response to glucose (Ala/Ala 64.21 +/- 37.73, Pro/Ala -11.92 +/- 40.30, Pro/Pro -46.30 +/- 14.70; p = 0.03) and disposition index (Ala/Ala 551.8 +/- 448.5, Pro/Ala 534.6 +/- 218.3, Pro/Pro -7.44 +/- 88.18; p = 0.003).	Alanine	17-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	315-322
20159974-5	2010	Expression of a sortilin mutant in which these four amino acids were substituted by alanines disrupted pro-NT binding without affecting receptor heterodimerization with p75(NTR) or binding of ligands that selectively engages the centrally located tunnel in the beta-propeller of sortilin.	Alanine	84-92	sortilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-24
20164179-1	2010	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) catalyzes the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent removal of selenium from l-selenocysteine to yield l-alanine.	Alanine	125-134	selenocysteine lyase	Rattus norvegicus	0-20
20164179-1	2010	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) catalyzes the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent removal of selenium from l-selenocysteine to yield l-alanine.	Alanine	125-134	selenocysteine lyase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
20348418-1	2010	The C-terminal segment of the human insulin receptor alpha-chain (designated alphaCT) is critical to insulin binding as has been previously demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis and photo-cross-linking.	Alanine	156-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
20348418-1	2010	The C-terminal segment of the human insulin receptor alpha-chain (designated alphaCT) is critical to insulin binding as has been previously demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis and photo-cross-linking.	Alanine	156-163	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
20185798-5	2010	The human ID3 variant at rs11574 results in an alanine to threonine substitution in the C terminus.	Alanine	47-54	inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	10-13
20145252-2	2010	CHO1 alleles bearing Ser(46) --&gt; Ala and/or Ser(47) --&gt; Ala mutations were constructed and expressed in a cho1Delta mutant lacking phosphatidylserine synthase.	Alanine	36-39	CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
20145252-2	2010	CHO1 alleles bearing Ser(46) --&gt; Ala and/or Ser(47) --&gt; Ala mutations were constructed and expressed in a cho1Delta mutant lacking phosphatidylserine synthase.	Alanine	62-65	CDP-diacylglycerol-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
20043145-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Compared with Pro/Pro individuals, PPARG Ala carriers experienced greater improvements in glucose and insulin metabolism in response to regular endurance training.	Alanine	69-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	63-68
20068038-5	2010	Furthermore, substitution of these two residues with alanine abolished the ability of MEKK3 to mediate lysophosphatidic acid-induced optimal IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	53-60	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	149-158
20236180-5	2010	On the other hand, alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified the N-terminal lysine residues, which may be involved in Holliday junction binding by human SPF45.	Alanine	19-26	RNA binding motif protein 17	Homo sapiens	151-156
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	36-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	232-240
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	245-249
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	40-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	232-240
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	40-43	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	245-249
20061446-8	2010	Further characterization of these mutants, including tests with alanine-substituted GIP analogs, were in agreement with interaction of Glu3 in GIP with Arg183 in GIPR.	Alanine	64-71	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	84-87
20061446-8	2010	Further characterization of these mutants, including tests with alanine-substituted GIP analogs, were in agreement with interaction of Glu3 in GIP with Arg183 in GIPR.	Alanine	64-71	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	143-146
20061446-8	2010	Further characterization of these mutants, including tests with alanine-substituted GIP analogs, were in agreement with interaction of Glu3 in GIP with Arg183 in GIPR.	Alanine	64-71	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Homo sapiens	162-166
20089860-6	2010	Substitution of these lysine residues with alanines greatly increased Fsp27 stability and enhanced lipid storage in adipocytes.	Alanine	43-51	cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector c	Mus musculus	70-75
20188556-8	2010	The effects of Set1 methylation may be mediated directly by chromatin, because loss of memory also occurred when endogenous H3K4 was replaced by alanine.	Alanine	145-152	SET domain containing 1A, histone lysine methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-19
20047764-2	2010	TRAF2, a newly identified TICAM-1-binding protein, bound the PxQxS motif (aa 333-338) of TICAM-1 using mutagenesis by alanine substitutions.	Alanine	118-125	TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1	Homo sapiens	26-33
20053991-5	2010	Mutational analyses of agonist-binding rhodopsin showed that replacement of Ala-269, one of the residues constituting the antagonist-binding site, with bulky amino acids resulted in a large spectral shift in its active state and a great reduction in G protein activity, whereas these were rescued by subsequent replacement of Phe-208 with smaller amino acids.	Alanine	76-79	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	39-48
20053991-7	2010	Therefore, the agonist is located close to Ala-269 in the agonist-binding rhodopsin, but not in vertebrate rhodopsins, and Ala-269 with Phe-208 acts as a pivot for the formation of the G protein-activating state in both rhodopsins.	Alanine	43-46	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	74-83
19916025-7	2010	RESULTS: The six alanine repeat containing variant of TGF-beta RI was seen in 27% of the tumor cases studied, in addition to the 45 bp nucleotide deletions in exon 1 of the receptor in two ovarian tumor samples.	Alanine	17-24	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	54-62
19657670-5	2010	Mutation analysis of the PNP gene from both sisters revealed a homozygous mutation for a G&gt;A at nucleotide 349 (349 G&gt;A transition), which changes alanine 117 to theronine in exon 4 (A117T).	Alanine	153-160	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	25-28
19917667-5	2010	The binding of XTP3-B-Fc and XTP3-BDelta1-Fc to Lec1 cells was abrogated by treatment of the cells with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, Manalpha1,6Man or Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Man, or by substitution of Arg428 or Tyr457 in the C-terminal MRH domain with alanine.	Alanine	285-292	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L2	Homo sapiens	48-52
20047764-2	2010	TRAF2, a newly identified TICAM-1-binding protein, bound the PxQxS motif (aa 333-338) of TICAM-1 using mutagenesis by alanine substitutions.	Alanine	118-125	TIR domain containing adaptor molecule 1	Homo sapiens	89-96
19946124-7	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	100-107	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	119-123
20007717-11	2010	Fbl variant proteins with alanine substitutions in key residues had reduced affinities for fibrinogen.	Alanine	26-33	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	91-101
19946124-7	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	100-107	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
19946124-7	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	100-107	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	119-123
19423771-1	2010	To test this hypothesis, alanine mutagenesis of the N-terminal propeptide of SP-C was performed.	Alanine	25-32	surfactant protein C	Homo sapiens	77-81
19920145-5	2010	Six IL-31 residues selected for their putative involvement in cytokine receptor contact sites were alanine-substituted, and the corresponding proteins were expressed in mammalian and bacterial systems.	Alanine	99-106	interleukin 31	Homo sapiens	4-9
20100277-4	2010	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Residues Lys28, Lys41 and Arg580 in OATP1B3 were substituted by alanine, arginine, glutamine, glycine or lysine.	Alanine	87-94	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	59-66
19968754-6	2010	Mutations in the outer pore region of Kv1.2 of Arg(354) to Pro (corresponding to Kv1.4) and to Ala (corresponding to Kv1.1) enhanced and reduced, respectively, cell surface expression of Kv1.2.	Alanine	95-98	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
19968754-6	2010	Mutations in the outer pore region of Kv1.2 of Arg(354) to Pro (corresponding to Kv1.4) and to Ala (corresponding to Kv1.1) enhanced and reduced, respectively, cell surface expression of Kv1.2.	Alanine	95-98	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
20041807-5	2010	In contrast, the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 S253A mutant, in which an Akt phosphorylation site is replaced by alanine, was not repressed by PCAF.	Alanine	117-124	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	45-50
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	222-250
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	252-256
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	268-276
20329566-1	2010	BACKGROUND: A transition G to A at codon 54 of FABP2 results in an amino acid substitution (ala 54 to Thr 54).	Alanine	92-95	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
19901034-7	2010	Furthermore, alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that an N-terminal LXXXLL motif in ESL1 was essential for its localization at the tonoplast.	Alanine	13-20	ERD (early response to dehydration) six-like 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
20026644-5	2010	Mutation of two possible CK-II phosphorylation sites at serine 16 and serine 21 of PPARgamma into alanine (PPARgamma S16A/S21A) inhibited cytosolic PPARgamma localization.	Alanine	98-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	83-92
20026644-5	2010	Mutation of two possible CK-II phosphorylation sites at serine 16 and serine 21 of PPARgamma into alanine (PPARgamma S16A/S21A) inhibited cytosolic PPARgamma localization.	Alanine	98-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	107-116
20026644-5	2010	Mutation of two possible CK-II phosphorylation sites at serine 16 and serine 21 of PPARgamma into alanine (PPARgamma S16A/S21A) inhibited cytosolic PPARgamma localization.	Alanine	98-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	107-116
19920152-5	2010	In studies employing the recombinant Kunitz domain of APP (APPI), we show that mesotrypsin cleaves selectively at the Arg(15)-Ala(16) reactive site bond, with kinetic constants approaching those of other proteases toward highly specific protein substrates.	Alanine	126-129	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	59-63
20460731-6	2010	The difference caused substitution of Ala for Pro at the 277th position of the enzyme; therefore the protein encoded by AO090020000351 was overproduced and purified.	Alanine	38-41	hypothetical protein	Aspergillus oryzae RIB40	120-134
20110677-5	2010	Here we report that the alanine substitution of the conserved dipeptide HR motif (HR--&gt;AA) in the H-loop of NBD2 leads to prolonged open states of CFTR channel, indicating that the H-loop is required for efficient channel closing.	Alanine	24-31	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
19820207-6	2010	Our results showed that the retention of alanine (hCAR1+A) alone is sufficient to confer the constitutively activated hCAR1 to the xenobiotic-sensitive hCAR3.	Alanine	41-48	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	152-157
19841092-7	2010	Expression of a construct expressing a serine-to-alanine substitution in the LAMMER kinase phosphorylation site into the fly germline rescued null EF1gamma alleles but at reduced efficiency compared to a wild-type construct.	Alanine	49-56	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma	Drosophila melanogaster	147-155
19820207-10	2010	Thus, the alanine residue in the insertion of hCAR3 seems in charge of the xenobiotic response of hCAR3 through direct and indirect mechanisms.	Alanine	10-17	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	46-51
19820207-10	2010	Thus, the alanine residue in the insertion of hCAR3 seems in charge of the xenobiotic response of hCAR3 through direct and indirect mechanisms.	Alanine	10-17	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	98-103
19652917-6	2010	Mutation of the two aspartic acids (aa 294 and 297) into two alanines in TDG significantly affected the interaction and subsequent transcriptional activation of several steroid hormone receptors including, estrogen-, androgen- and progesterone- receptors in Huh7 cells.	Alanine	61-69	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	73-76
19652917-7	2010	We also identified that mutations of NCoA-3 at either leucines 1029-1030 or 1053-1054 (replaced by alanines) also reduced the interaction activity between TDG and NCoA1.	Alanine	99-107	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	155-158
20029031-3	2009	In experiments with full-length alanine substitution mutants, we demonstrated that the RF tail of Cbl regulated biochemically distinct checkpoints in the endocytosis of EGFR.	Alanine	32-39	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	169-173
19766653-4	2009	To this end, we utilize a recombinant variant of human alpha-lactalbumin in which all eight cysteine residues are substituted for alanines (rHLA(all-Ala)), rendering the protein nonnative and biologically inactive under all conditions.	Alanine	130-138	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	55-72
20024406-1	2009	IR and UV laser spectroscopy of an Ala-based 4-residue model peptide recorded under gas phase isolated conditions provides evidence for the intrinsic stability of compact folded structures resembling the extremity of a beta-hairpin, with a C(14) H-bond bridging the two ends of the chain, and enables us to assess the capabilities of new quantum chemistry techniques to account for dispersive interactions in a medium-size molecule.	Alanine	35-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	217-223
20029031-4	2009	The Cbl- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the regulator of internalization hSprouty2 was compromised by the Val(431)--&gt; Ala mutation, whereas the Cbl- and EGFR-dependent dephosphorylation or degradation of the endosomal trafficking regulator Hrs was compromised by the Phe(434)--&gt; Ala mutation.	Alanine	293-296	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	164-168
19766653-4	2009	To this end, we utilize a recombinant variant of human alpha-lactalbumin in which all eight cysteine residues are substituted for alanines (rHLA(all-Ala)), rendering the protein nonnative and biologically inactive under all conditions.	Alanine	149-152	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	55-72
19766654-6	2009	In fact, substitution of this Asn to Ala of CHC diminished its ability to interact with p53, leading to reduced activity to transactivate p53.	Alanine	37-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	88-91
19816404-7	2009	Blocking MDM2 phosphorylation by alanine substitution of all six phosphorylation sites results in constitutive degradation of p53 after DNA damage.	Alanine	33-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	126-129
19766654-6	2009	In fact, substitution of this Asn to Ala of CHC diminished its ability to interact with p53, leading to reduced activity to transactivate p53.	Alanine	37-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	138-141
19588182-6	2009	However, in WT female mice, but not in males, mRNA levels of PPARalpha-dependent genes (L-FABP, ACO) were higher in the mice fed on the ALA-rich diet.	Alanine	136-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	61-70
19875727-7	2009	Furthermore, a GPIb-IX mutant replacing Ser559 of GPIbalpha with alanine showed an enhanced association with the membrane skeleton, reduced ristocetin-induced VWF binding, and diminished ability to mediate cell adhesion to VWF under flow conditions.	Alanine	65-72	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	159-162
19875727-7	2009	Furthermore, a GPIb-IX mutant replacing Ser559 of GPIbalpha with alanine showed an enhanced association with the membrane skeleton, reduced ristocetin-induced VWF binding, and diminished ability to mediate cell adhesion to VWF under flow conditions.	Alanine	65-72	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	223-226
20217194-1	2009	The regulatory functions of cMyBP-C have been attributed to the N-terminus of the protein, which is composed of tandem immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains (C0, C1, and C2), a region rich in proline and alanine residues (the Pro-Ala rich region) that links C0 and C1, and a unique sequence referred to as the MyBP-C motif, or M-domain, that links C1 and C2.	Alanine	199-206	myosin binding protein C3	Homo sapiens	29-35
20217194-1	2009	The regulatory functions of cMyBP-C have been attributed to the N-terminus of the protein, which is composed of tandem immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains (C0, C1, and C2), a region rich in proline and alanine residues (the Pro-Ala rich region) that links C0 and C1, and a unique sequence referred to as the MyBP-C motif, or M-domain, that links C1 and C2.	Alanine	225-228	myosin binding protein C3	Homo sapiens	29-35
19726695-8	2009	In contrast, large currents were observed when an extracellular phenylalanine in NR1-1a that influences glycine access was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	70-77	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
19881501-5	2009	We identified Ser 486 and Ser 668 as mitosis-specific phosphorylation sites, and STIM1 containing mutations of these sites to alanine also significantly rescued mitotic SOCE.	Alanine	126-133	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
19828733-5	2009	The yeast casein kinase I homologue Yck2p directly phosphorylates six serine residues located in the C-terminal tail of Ste2p, and mutation of these serine residues to alanine significantly decreased recruitment of Ste2p to CCPs.	Alanine	168-175	serine/threonine protein kinase YCK2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-41
19824698-6	2009	Substitution of Thr1967, an autophosphorylation site located within the kinase domain, to Ala caused a significant decrease in the kinase activity, implicating Thr1967 in the kinase activity of LRRK2.	Alanine	90-93	leucine rich repeat kinase 2	Homo sapiens	194-199
19475463-1	2009	BACKGROUND: A transition G to A at codon 54 of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) results in an amino acid substitution (ala 54 to Thr 54).	Alanine	123-126	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	47-75
19475463-1	2009	BACKGROUND: A transition G to A at codon 54 of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) results in an amino acid substitution (ala 54 to Thr 54).	Alanine	123-126	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
19956681-8	2009	To determine the role of cysteine residues in this mechanism of regulation, we generated cysteine to alanine RhoA mutants.	Alanine	101-108	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	109-113
19660544-8	2009	The results demonstrated that the ethosomal carrier significantly improved the delivery of ALA and the formation of PpIX in both normal and hyperproliferative murine skin samples, and the expression level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was reduced after the ALA-ethosomes were applied to treat hyperproliferative murine skin.	Alanine	264-267	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	208-241
19819974-8	2009	Alanine mutagenesis of two conserved glutamic acids residues (E1100A/E1101A) encoded by exon 17 completely eliminated HR corepressor activity and interactions with HDAC1.	Alanine	0-7	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	50-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	3-13
19765191-7	2009	Within the SMIR, the conserved W184, H190 and positively charged R183, R186, K187, and K189 residues are critical to the p62-mutant SOD1 interaction as substitution of these residues with alanine resulted in significantly abolished binding.	Alanine	188-195	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	50-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	50-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	50-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	59-62	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	3-13
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	59-62	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	59-62	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19603255-3	2009	An HIF-1alpha mutant, produced by substitution of alanine (Ala) for proline (Pro) at position 564 and asparagine (Asp) at position 803, can prevent HIF-1alpha hydroxylation and results in a highly active form of HIF-1alpha (HIF-1alpha-Ala564-Ala803).	Alanine	59-62	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	148-158
19526459-6	2009	Mutation of the phosphorylation site from serine to alanine rescues the DNA-binding ability in the presence of activated AKT.	Alanine	52-59	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
19710144-4	2009	Alanine substitutions at several positions within this region resulted in NP mutants that lacked the IFN-counteracting activity but retained their functions in virus RNA synthesis and assembly of infectious particles.	Alanine	0-7	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
18289734-4	2009	An exchange of two N-terminal serine phosphorylation residues to alanine in the wild type androgen receptor (ARQ22dm) resulted in cytoplasmic accumulation and increased early hormone-dependent aggregation of the receptor.	Alanine	65-72	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	90-107
19740738-5	2009	We show that a mutant of TBC1D1, in which several Akt sites have been converted to alanine, is considerably more inhibitory to insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation than wild-type TBC1D1.	Alanine	83-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	127-134
19672878-4	2009	Minimal functional sequences and key residues were identified from Sun and SPAM by studying truncation and alanine-scanning mutations.	Alanine	107-114	eyes shut	Drosophila melanogaster	75-79
19507198-3	2009	Based on homology studies and the crystal structure of the NADP(H)-dependent yeast alcohol dehydrogenase Adh6, three adjacent residues (Glu(221), Ile(222), and Ala(223)) were predicted to be involved in the coenzyme specificity of Bdh1 and were altered by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	160-163	(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	231-235
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	16-24
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-21
19558269-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARgamma2 gene is associated with obesity in Iranian subjects and the presence of the Ala allele could predict higher BMI.	Alanine	46-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-80
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	240-248
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	56-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-55
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	179-182	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	16-24
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	179-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	16-21
19536736-7	2009	Carriers of the PPARGC1A Gly allele who were also PPARG Ala-carriers had higher fasting insulin levels (p=0.02), HOMA-IR (p=0.01) and insulin AUC (p=0.01) compared to the Ser/Ser-Ala+genotype combination, whereas no differences between the PPARGC1A genotypes among the PPARG Pro/Pro carriers were observed.	Alanine	179-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	50-55
19851738-6	2009	A transient expression of HsdM-EGFP in COS-1 cells exhibited exclusively a nuclear localization of the fusion proteins, whereas the fusion proteins of HsdM with substitutions in residues lysine to alanine in the NLS sequences, (7)AAAKAAA(13), were localized in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	197-204	Type I restriction modification system, methylase protein	Klebsiella pneumoniae	151-155
19617467-4	2009	We therefore sought to characterize potential phosphorylation sites within the PXR protein by use of a rational, comprehensive, and systematic site-directed mutagenesis approach to generate phosphomimetic mutations (Ser/Thr --&gt; Asp) and phospho-deficient mutations (Ser/Thr --&gt; Ala) at 18 predicted consensus kinase recognition sequences in the human PXR protein.	Alanine	284-287	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	79-82
19789817-2	2009	Two key enzymes that were described as affecting PpIX accumulation during ALA treatment are porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and ferrochelatase.	Alanine	74-77	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	92-117
19643997-5	2009	To test this possibility, we employed alanine scanning mutagenesis of CB1 EC2 and identified two distinct regions critical for ligand binding, G protein coupling activity, and receptor trafficking.	Alanine	38-45	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
19789817-2	2009	Two key enzymes that were described as affecting PpIX accumulation during ALA treatment are porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and ferrochelatase.	Alanine	74-77	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	119-123
19622747-5	2009	STIM1 mutants either with C-terminal deletions including CMD or with 7 alanines replacing the negative amino acids within CMD gave rise to ORAI1 currents that displayed significantly reduced or even abolished inactivation when compared with STIM1 mutants with preserved CMD.	Alanine	71-79	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19631630-6	2009	Stratification analysis revealed that the PPAR-gamma Pro/Ala genotype may be associated with the development of early-onset AD in the individuals without APOE epsilon4 allele (OR=3.76, 95% CI=1.10-12.84; p=0.03), but this association became insignificant after Bonferroni correction (p (corr)=0.10).	Alanine	57-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-52
19679839-6	2009	Furthermore, mass spectrometry in combination with site-directed mutagenesis identified 2 highly conserved sites in the PEVK region that are phosphorylated by PKCalpha (S11878 and S12022); when these 2 sites are mutated to alanine, phosphorylation is effectively abolished.	Alanine	223-230	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	159-167
19707680-1	2009	A C(6)-symmetric disk-like molecule, a hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivative bearing chiral alanine parts, L-1, exhibited a solvent-induced supramolecular helix-sense inversion involving conformational changes followed by destruction of the supramolecular helical column.	Alanine	95-102	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	110-113
19566596-8	2009	Furthermore, itb2/ala3 mutants provide a convenient visible phenotype for further genetic analysis of the ALA family in Arabidopsis.	Alanine	106-109	aminophospholipid ATPase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
19624612-1	2009	A novel human leukocyte antigen DRB1 allele, DRB1*1219, has been identified in a Chinese leukaemia patient and his family by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing, which has one nucleotide change at position 341 (C--&gt;T) in exon 2 from the closest matching allele DRB1*120201, resulting in an amino acid substitution from Ala--&gt;Val at codon 85.	Alanine	334-337	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
19624612-1	2009	A novel human leukocyte antigen DRB1 allele, DRB1*1219, has been identified in a Chinese leukaemia patient and his family by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing, which has one nucleotide change at position 341 (C--&gt;T) in exon 2 from the closest matching allele DRB1*120201, resulting in an amino acid substitution from Ala--&gt;Val at codon 85.	Alanine	334-337	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
19624612-1	2009	A novel human leukocyte antigen DRB1 allele, DRB1*1219, has been identified in a Chinese leukaemia patient and his family by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing, which has one nucleotide change at position 341 (C--&gt;T) in exon 2 from the closest matching allele DRB1*120201, resulting in an amino acid substitution from Ala--&gt;Val at codon 85.	Alanine	334-337	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
19714641-2	2009	In a recent study, fibronectin neoepitopes resulting from cleavage of intact fibronectin at the Ala(271)/Val(272) scissile bond, generating an approximately 30-kd fragment with the new C-terminus VRAA(271) and an approximately 50-85-kd fragment with the new N-terminus (272)VYQP, were identified in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage.	Alanine	96-99	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	19-30
19561067-4	2009	We generated mutants of the IFNAR1 subunit of the type I IFN receptor, in which each or both of the two cysteines present in the cytoplasmic domain are replaced by alanines.	Alanine	164-172	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
19714641-2	2009	In a recent study, fibronectin neoepitopes resulting from cleavage of intact fibronectin at the Ala(271)/Val(272) scissile bond, generating an approximately 30-kd fragment with the new C-terminus VRAA(271) and an approximately 50-85-kd fragment with the new N-terminus (272)VYQP, were identified in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage.	Alanine	96-99	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
19618277-2	2009	In the alpha-LA variant, the eight cysteine residues in the protein have been replaced by alanines (all-Ala alpha-LA).	Alanine	90-98	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	7-15
19178525-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is protective against type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Alanine	15-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	70-118
19178525-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism (rs1801282) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is protective against type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Alanine	15-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
19546318-5	2009	Genetic analysis of the Dyc mutant revealed a trinucleotide expansion in the polyalanine-encoding region of the Hoxd13 gene resulting in a 7-alanine expansion.	Alanine	81-88	homeobox D13	Mus musculus	112-118
19618277-2	2009	In the alpha-LA variant, the eight cysteine residues in the protein have been replaced by alanines (all-Ala alpha-LA).	Alanine	90-98	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	108-116
19668370-7	2009	Combined alanine substitution on those residues leads to a moderate decrease in the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, most likely due to a slight reduction in its nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	9-16	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
19666603-6	2009	Using the structure as a guide, alanine substitutions of basic residues in regions analogous to functionally important regions of the well-studied eukaryotic TFIIB support conservation of a general mechanism of TFIIB function in eukaryotes.	Alanine	32-39	general transcription factor IIB	Homo sapiens	158-163
20641703-0	2004	(64)Cu-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate-8-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids) that binds to GRP receptors (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1, 2).	Alanine	74-77	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	263-276
19666603-6	2009	Using the structure as a guide, alanine substitutions of basic residues in regions analogous to functionally important regions of the well-studied eukaryotic TFIIB support conservation of a general mechanism of TFIIB function in eukaryotes.	Alanine	32-39	general transcription factor IIB	Homo sapiens	211-216
19336252-9	2009	Ala(42)S100A8, a site-directed mutant protein is resistant to oxidative inhibition and inhibits neutrophil recruitment in-vivo.	Alanine	0-3	S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A)	Mus musculus	7-13
19336252-12	2009	The data indicated that a single local application of ala(42)S100A8 ameliorated the decreased rate of wound closure resulting from stress.	Alanine	54-57	S100 calcium binding protein A8 (calgranulin A)	Mus musculus	61-67
19269329-6	2009	However, subsequent analysis of alanine replacement mutants and thrombin digestion revealed that the strong AMPK phosphorylation site was contained within the thrombin cleavage sequence encoded by the vector.	Alanine	32-39	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	159-167
19606478-9	2009	We propose that this might be at least partly due to the single, extra alanine residue (A) (21A in dup27 vs. 20A in dup24), which takes polyalanine tract 2 of ARX beyond the maximum, naturally occurring limit of 20A found in the human genome.	Alanine	71-78	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	159-162
20641703-0	2004	(64)Cu-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate-8-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids) that binds to GRP receptors (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1, 2).	Alanine	74-77	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	278-282
19410558-7	2009	Mutagenesis studies replacing tyrosine (Y) residues with alanine revealed that Y253 is at least partly responsible for the proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 under nitrative stress.	Alanine	57-64	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	150-155
19469484-5	2009	The SBi279 binding site on Ca(2+)-S100B overlaps the SBi132 and SBi523 sites and contacts residues in both loop 2 (Ser-41, His-42, Phe-43, Leu-44, and Glu-45) and helix 4 (Ile-80, Ala-83, Cys-84, Phe-87, and Phe-88).	Alanine	180-183	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	34-39
19419994-10	2009	Ser-to-Ala mutation at this site enhanced baseline CFTR activity and rendered CFTR resistant to inhibition by AMPK, suggesting that AMPK phosphorylation at Ser768 is required for its inhibition of CFTR.	Alanine	7-10	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	51-55
19419994-10	2009	Ser-to-Ala mutation at this site enhanced baseline CFTR activity and rendered CFTR resistant to inhibition by AMPK, suggesting that AMPK phosphorylation at Ser768 is required for its inhibition of CFTR.	Alanine	7-10	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
19419994-10	2009	Ser-to-Ala mutation at this site enhanced baseline CFTR activity and rendered CFTR resistant to inhibition by AMPK, suggesting that AMPK phosphorylation at Ser768 is required for its inhibition of CFTR.	Alanine	7-10	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	78-82
19421147-3	2009	Despite their evident co-regulation, substitutions of individual Chk1 regulatory sites with alanine (A) residues have differential effects on checkpoint proficiency and kinase activation.	Alanine	92-99	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
19496610-4	2009	Here, we have used site-specific (13)C and (15)N labeling in conjunction with hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy to unambiguously identify the carbonyl of Alanine-2 as an oxygen ligand in one of the pH-dependent Cu(2+) coordination modes of Abeta.	Alanine	174-181	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	260-265
19560417-2	2009	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis and crystallographic approaches, we define a domain within the JM region of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that instead plays an activating--rather than autoinhibitory--role.	Alanine	6-13	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	115-147
19560417-2	2009	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis and crystallographic approaches, we define a domain within the JM region of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that instead plays an activating--rather than autoinhibitory--role.	Alanine	6-13	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	149-153
19507262-5	2009	The most common pathogenic variation of the ARX gene is a duplication of 24 bp, c.429_452 dup, which leads to an expansion of the second polyalanine tract of the ARX protein from 12 to 20 alanine residues.	Alanine	141-148	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	44-47
19507262-5	2009	The most common pathogenic variation of the ARX gene is a duplication of 24 bp, c.429_452 dup, which leads to an expansion of the second polyalanine tract of the ARX protein from 12 to 20 alanine residues.	Alanine	141-148	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	162-165
19456859-0	2009	Alanine screening of the intracellular loops of the human bradykinin B receptor--effects on receptor maintenance, G protein activation and internalization.	Alanine	0-7	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	58-68
19712949-2	2009	We have shown that the N-terminal (Glu(50)-Val(145)) and the C-terminal (Phe(466)-Ala(512)) regions of maize Glu1 are involved in binding to BGAF.	Alanine	82-85	4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	109-113
18823727-4	2009	Gene sequencing detected an additional seven GCG repeats in the first polyalanine tract of the ARX gene, a mutation which leads to an expansion of the normal 16 alanine residues to 23.	Alanine	74-81	glucagon	Homo sapiens	45-48
19269964-9	2009	Accordingly, we performed a 22-residue alanine/valine scan of the distal pore of the HCN2 isoform and show that the effects of mutations on channel opening and on the steepness of the response of the channel to voltage are mixed and smaller than those in Shaker.	Alanine	39-46	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
19499153-2	2009	A cDNA encoding a putative classical AGP named GhH6L was isolated from cotton fiber cDNA libraries, and the deduced protein contains 17 copies of repetitive motif of X-Y-proline-proline-proline (where X is serine or alanine and Y is threonine or serine).	Alanine	216-223	classical arabinogalactan protein 9-like	Gossypium hirsutum	47-52
19515926-4	2009	Abeta peptides with alanine or isoleucine substitutions of G33 displayed an increased propensity to form higher oligomers, which we could attribute to conformational changes.	Alanine	20-27	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
19443835-7	2009	Furthermore, receptor activation and arteriogenic activity were increased by an alanine substitution mutant of human VEGF-C (C137A) having an increased dimer stability and by a chimeric CAC growth factor that contained the VEGF receptor-binding domain flanked by VEGF-C propeptides, but only the latter promoted significantly more blood vessel perfusion when compared to the other growth factors studied.	Alanine	80-87	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Homo sapiens	117-123
18823727-4	2009	Gene sequencing detected an additional seven GCG repeats in the first polyalanine tract of the ARX gene, a mutation which leads to an expansion of the normal 16 alanine residues to 23.	Alanine	74-81	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	95-98
19200582-3	2009	We also identified a previously unknown (novel) mutation in the activation kinase domain of the BRAF (A598V), replacing alanine with valine.	Alanine	120-127	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	96-100
18923835-3	2009	We made an attempt to correlate the 789Ala/Ala genotype of the VWF with VWF:Ag level in different types of unrelated von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients and healthy controls.	Alanine	39-42	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
19290620-9	2009	Furthermore, the percentage of neurite outgrowth induced by GDNF was also reduced by the expression of dominant-negative mutants of Hsp27, in which specific serine phosphorylation residues (Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82) were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	236-243	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	60-64
19361524-8	2009	To evaluate the relative contribution of the epitope residues to CNTO607 binding, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the A-D region of IL-13.	Alanine	95-102	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	145-150
19282287-7	2009	The introduction of alanine mutations at CK2-phosphorylated residues increases the half-life of the PP1-nonbinding Ikaros mutant.	Alanine	20-27	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
19304304-3	2009	APOBEC3G proteins with Glu--&gt;Ala mutations in AS1, AS2 or AS1 and AS2 were stably expressed at physiological levels in CEM-SS T cells and 293T cells and the ability of the cells to support Deltavif HIV-1 replication was then tested.	Alanine	32-35	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	0-8
19435523-5	2009	Alanine substitutions of two or more of four critical leucine residues within the C-terminal heptad repeats completely eliminate the Cby-Cby interaction.	Alanine	0-7	chibby family member 1, beta catenin antagonist	Homo sapiens	133-136
19435523-5	2009	Alanine substitutions of two or more of four critical leucine residues within the C-terminal heptad repeats completely eliminate the Cby-Cby interaction.	Alanine	0-7	chibby family member 1, beta catenin antagonist	Homo sapiens	137-140
19301871-3	2009	To investigate peptide hydrolysis by GCPII in detail, we constructed a mutant of human GCPII [GCPII(E424A)], in which Glu424, a putative proton shuttle residue, is substituted with alanine.	Alanine	181-188	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
19301871-3	2009	To investigate peptide hydrolysis by GCPII in detail, we constructed a mutant of human GCPII [GCPII(E424A)], in which Glu424, a putative proton shuttle residue, is substituted with alanine.	Alanine	181-188	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
19307184-6	2009	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the VL1 region within the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-interacting pocket of the Akt1 pleckstrin homology domain revealed that most residues in this region are essential for Akt1 activity.	Alanine	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
18923835-3	2009	We made an attempt to correlate the 789Ala/Ala genotype of the VWF with VWF:Ag level in different types of unrelated von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients and healthy controls.	Alanine	39-42	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	72-75
18923835-9	2009	These results demonstrate that mutant homozygous 789Ala/Ala genotype of this polymorphism probably have their functional implications for low plasma VWF:Ag level in quantitative type of VWD.	Alanine	52-55	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	149-152
19331830-4	2009	Two human p14ARF residues (Ala(14) and Thr(31)) were found to destabilize the protein while two others (Val(24) and Ala(41)) promoted more efficient p53 stabilization and activation.	Alanine	27-30	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	10-16
19484672-0	2009	The Ala allele at Val762Ala polymorphism in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) gene is associated with a decreased risk of asthma in a Turkish population.	Alanine	4-7	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	44-73
19484672-0	2009	The Ala allele at Val762Ala polymorphism in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) gene is associated with a decreased risk of asthma in a Turkish population.	Alanine	4-7	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
19048345-4	2009	Specificity of AST was determined using a non-phosphorylable mutant sensor containing an alanine substitution (ASA).	Alanine	89-96	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	15-18
19275891-4	2009	Here, a Thr-to-Ala mutation in the rat CASK guanylate kinase (GK) domain was shown to reduce interactions among CASK and Tbr-1 and CINAP, two critical brain proteins.	Alanine	15-18	TATA-box binding protein associated factor 9	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
19384991-5	2009	We have systematically mutated each of hPRL"s histidines to alanine and measured the effect on pH-dependent global stability.	Alanine	60-67	prolactin	Homo sapiens	39-43
19153083-2	2009	Using SPOT immobilized peptide arrays, coupled with scanning alanine substitution and mutagenesis, we show that the MAPK kinase, MEK1, interacts directly with betaarrestin1.	Alanine	61-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
19153083-2	2009	Using SPOT immobilized peptide arrays, coupled with scanning alanine substitution and mutagenesis, we show that the MAPK kinase, MEK1, interacts directly with betaarrestin1.	Alanine	61-68	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	159-172
19260709-3	2009	Prior studies on protein tyrosine kinases Csk and Src revealed the potential for chemical rescue of catalytically deficient mutant kinases (Arg to Ala mutations) by small diamino compounds, particularly imidazole; however, the potency and efficiency of rescue was greater for Src.	Alanine	147-150	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	50-53
19331830-4	2009	Two human p14ARF residues (Ala(14) and Thr(31)) were found to destabilize the protein while two others (Val(24) and Ala(41)) promoted more efficient p53 stabilization and activation.	Alanine	116-119	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	149-152
19331830-7	2009	Val(24) was required for p53-independent growth suppression whereas multiple residues (Val(24), Thr(31), Ala(41) and His(60)) enabled p14ARF to block or reverse the inherent chromosomal instability of p53-null MEFs.	Alanine	105-108	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	134-140
19302215-6	2009	DESC1 had a preference similar to that of matriptase, but with a propensity for small nonpolar amino acids (Ala) at P1".	Alanine	108-111	transmembrane serine protease 11E	Homo sapiens	0-5
19232500-3	2009	In this study, we show [ala-IL-8](77) is the predominant circulating isoform of IL-8 in premature neonates but not in term neonates/adults, who have [ser-IL-8](72) as the major isoform.	Alanine	24-27	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
19232500-3	2009	In this study, we show [ala-IL-8](77) is the predominant circulating isoform of IL-8 in premature neonates but not in term neonates/adults, who have [ser-IL-8](72) as the major isoform.	Alanine	24-27	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	80-84
19232500-4	2009	This isoform switch from the less potent [ala-IL-8](77) to [ser-IL-8](72) correlates with a maturational increase in the neutrophil chemotactic potency of plasma IL-8.	Alanine	42-45	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	46-50
19232500-4	2009	This isoform switch from the less potent [ala-IL-8](77) to [ser-IL-8](72) correlates with a maturational increase in the neutrophil chemotactic potency of plasma IL-8.	Alanine	42-45	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	64-68
19232500-4	2009	This isoform switch from the less potent [ala-IL-8](77) to [ser-IL-8](72) correlates with a maturational increase in the neutrophil chemotactic potency of plasma IL-8.	Alanine	42-45	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	64-68
19232500-3	2009	In this study, we show [ala-IL-8](77) is the predominant circulating isoform of IL-8 in premature neonates but not in term neonates/adults, who have [ser-IL-8](72) as the major isoform.	Alanine	24-27	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	28-32
19028547-6	2009	Deletion or alanine-substitution of other aminoterminal regions yields MRAP mutants that promote surface expression of the MC2 receptor but not receptor signaling.	Alanine	12-19	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	71-75
19200342-3	2009	From the consensus phosphorylation site sequence, Ser59, Ser90, and Thr124 were likely to be phosphorylated; therefore, we mutated each amino acid to alanine and found that the mutation of Ser59 to alanine strongly attenuated phosphorylation by CaM kinase Ialpha, suggesting that Ser59 was a major phosphorylation site.	Alanine	150-157	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I	Rattus norvegicus	245-262
19276368-6	2009	Rapamycin induces the phosphorylation of CDC25B at Serine375, and mutating this site to Alanine substantially reduced CDC25B phosphatase activity.	Alanine	88-95	cell division cycle 25B	Homo sapiens	118-124
19708161-1	2009	In this combined bioinformatics, molecular dynamics (MD), and density functional theory study, mechanisms for the hydrolytic cleavage of Val-Ile and Ala-Thr peptide bonds of amyloid precursor protein by the intramembrane aspartyl protease presenilin 1 (PS1) have been elucidated.	Alanine	149-152	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	174-199
19171938-7	2009	Mutation of three consecutive hydrophobic residues (Phe(1520)-Ile(1521)-Phe(1522)) to alanines in this CaM-binding domain recapitulated the electrophysiology phenotype observed with mutation of the C-terminal IQ domain: Na(V)1.5 inactivation was stabilized; moreover, mutations of either CaM-binding domain abolish the well described stabilization of inactivation by lidocaine.	Alanine	86-94	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
19171938-7	2009	Mutation of three consecutive hydrophobic residues (Phe(1520)-Ile(1521)-Phe(1522)) to alanines in this CaM-binding domain recapitulated the electrophysiology phenotype observed with mutation of the C-terminal IQ domain: Na(V)1.5 inactivation was stabilized; moreover, mutations of either CaM-binding domain abolish the well described stabilization of inactivation by lidocaine.	Alanine	86-94	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	288-291
19237563-6	2009	Furthermore, 2 EBNA3C alanine substitution mutants within aa 180-231, which were wild-type (wt) in abrogating EBNA2-mediated transcription through RBP-Jkappa, maintained LCL growth, and 2 alanine substitution mutants within aa 180-231, which were null in abrogating EBNA2-mediated transcription through RBP-Jkappa, did not maintain LCL growth.	Alanine	22-29	EBNA-3C	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	15-21
19237563-6	2009	Furthermore, 2 EBNA3C alanine substitution mutants within aa 180-231, which were wild-type (wt) in abrogating EBNA2-mediated transcription through RBP-Jkappa, maintained LCL growth, and 2 alanine substitution mutants within aa 180-231, which were null in abrogating EBNA2-mediated transcription through RBP-Jkappa, did not maintain LCL growth.	Alanine	22-29	recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region	Homo sapiens	147-157
19095655-6	2009	Replacement of both serines by alanines (i) reduced phosphorylation of the R domain, with Ser(768) having dramatically greater impact, (ii) produced CFTR channels that were partially open in the absence of any stimulation, (iii) significantly augmented their activation by IBMX/forskolin, and (iv) eliminated CFTR inhibition post AMPK activation.	Alanine	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	149-153
19131108-1	2009	Alternative splicing of ASI residues (Ala(3481)-Gln(3485)) in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is developmentally regulated: the residues are present in adult ASI(+)RyR1, but absent in the juvenile ASI(-)RyR1 which is over-expressed in adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).	Alanine	38-41	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	66-100
19131108-1	2009	Alternative splicing of ASI residues (Ala(3481)-Gln(3485)) in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is developmentally regulated: the residues are present in adult ASI(+)RyR1, but absent in the juvenile ASI(-)RyR1 which is over-expressed in adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).	Alanine	38-41	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
19131108-1	2009	Alternative splicing of ASI residues (Ala(3481)-Gln(3485)) in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is developmentally regulated: the residues are present in adult ASI(+)RyR1, but absent in the juvenile ASI(-)RyR1 which is over-expressed in adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).	Alanine	38-41	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
19131108-1	2009	Alternative splicing of ASI residues (Ala(3481)-Gln(3485)) in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is developmentally regulated: the residues are present in adult ASI(+)RyR1, but absent in the juvenile ASI(-)RyR1 which is over-expressed in adult myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).	Alanine	38-41	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
18971257-5	2009	Treatment of cells with the palmitic acid analog 2-bromopalmitate as well as mutations of cysteine to alanine residues abolished P2X7R palmitoylation.	Alanine	102-109	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	129-134
32038816-5	2009	The CCl4-induced increments of alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels in serum were significantly decreased by PGP-pretreatments.	Alanine	31-38	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
32038816-5	2009	The CCl4-induced increments of alanine aminotransferase, asparate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels in serum were significantly decreased by PGP-pretreatments.	Alanine	31-38	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
19095655-6	2009	Replacement of both serines by alanines (i) reduced phosphorylation of the R domain, with Ser(768) having dramatically greater impact, (ii) produced CFTR channels that were partially open in the absence of any stimulation, (iii) significantly augmented their activation by IBMX/forskolin, and (iv) eliminated CFTR inhibition post AMPK activation.	Alanine	31-39	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	309-313
18726898-12	2008	Alanine and glutamate are significantly (P = 0.009 and P = 0.019, respectively) the least mutated AVPR2 amino acids.	Alanine	0-7	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	98-103
19196429-5	2009	The substitution of K204, but not V210 and E219, by alanine residues also prevents CyPrPs anti-Bax function.	Alanine	52-59	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	95-98
19047061-8	2009	Replacing Ser504/532 with alanine disrupted PKCtheta-catalyzed PDK1 phosphorylation in vitro and palmitate-induced PDK1 phosphorylation in cells.	Alanine	26-33	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	63-67
19019819-5	2009	Alanine scan mutants within this region that did not exhibit this RBE epitope were also non-fusogenic despite their ability to bind ephrinB2, oligomerize, and associate with F at wild-type (WT) levels.	Alanine	0-7	ephrin B2	Homo sapiens	132-140
18820703-6	2009	When all of these phosphorylation sites were substituted to alanines, the anti-apoptotic activity of the Bcl-x(L) mutant against the apoptosis induced by pironetin, but not against ultraviolet-induced apoptosis, was increased.	Alanine	60-68	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	105-113
18977277-4	2009	The Ala allele of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism was strongly associated with delayed disease onset (44.1+/-5.3 years vs 34.5+/-4.2 years; p=0.006).	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	22-27
18987114-3	2009	PKB/SGK-dependent GSK regulation is disrupted in mice carrying a mutation, in which the serine in the SGK/PKB-phosphorylation consensus sequence is replaced by alanine.	Alanine	160-167	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	0-3
19634985-4	2009	In peri-adolescent girls, Ala carriers had lower insulin concentrations (7.3+/-3.7 vs. 8.5+/-4.4 microU/mL, p=0.026) and lower values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.5+/-0.8 vs. 1.8+/-0.96, p=0.019).	Alanine	26-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
19634985-4	2009	In peri-adolescent girls, Ala carriers had lower insulin concentrations (7.3+/-3.7 vs. 8.5+/-4.4 microU/mL, p=0.026) and lower values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.5+/-0.8 vs. 1.8+/-0.96, p=0.019).	Alanine	26-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	169-176
19634985-5	2009	Linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of the Ala allele in boys was a nominally significant predictor of obesity indices, including skin-folds (triceps: beta+/-SE: -2.3+/-1.1, p=0.032; subscapular: beta+/-SE: -2.3+/-1.1, p=0.04) and adiponectin concentrations (beta+/-SE: -0.7+/-0.4, p=0.05) after adjusting for potential covariates.	Alanine	61-64	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	249-260
19634985-6	2009	In girls, the Ala allele was a predictor of insulin concentrations (beta+/-SE: -1.2+/-0.6, p=0.037) and HOMA-IR (beta+/-SE: -0.24+/-0.13, p=0.037).	Alanine	14-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
19185780-4	2009	We demonstrate herein that dietary supplementation with a mixture of ALA, ALCAR, GPC, DHA, and PS reduced reactive oxygen species in normal mice by 57% and prevented the increase in reactive oxygen species normally observed in mice lacking murine ApoE when maintained on a vitamin-free, iron-enriched, oxidative-challenge diet.	Alanine	69-72	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	247-251
20592962-4	2008	We prepared a PKCalpha-responsive polymer conjugate [PPC(S)] and a negative control conjugate [PPC(A)], in which the phosphorylation site serine (Ser) was replaced with alanine (Ala).	Alanine	169-176	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	14-22
20592962-4	2008	We prepared a PKCalpha-responsive polymer conjugate [PPC(S)] and a negative control conjugate [PPC(A)], in which the phosphorylation site serine (Ser) was replaced with alanine (Ala).	Alanine	178-181	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	14-22
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	53-56
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	53-56
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	53-56
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	53-56
19196992-4	2009	To address this issue, we used gene targeting to generate an endogenous mouse AID locus that produces AID in which S38 is substituted with alanine (AID(S38A)), a mutant form of AID that retains similar catalytic activity on ssDNA as WT AID (AID(WT)).	Alanine	139-146	activation-induced cytidine deaminase	Mus musculus	78-81
19074428-7	2009	We demonstrate that BACE1 undergoes S-palmitoylation at four Cys residues at the junction of transmembrane and cytosolic domains, and Ala substitution at these four residues is sufficient to displace BACE1 from lipid rafts.	Alanine	134-137	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	200-205
18795890-9	2009	Surface biotinylation experiments revealed that mutation to alanine of both Ser447 and Ser537 in order to block phosphorylation at both of the PKC sites increased surface expression compared with wild-type Kv4.2.	Alanine	60-67	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	143-146
19056852-5	2009	Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were elevated in Per2-null mice compared with wide-type mice at 24 hours after CCl(4) treatment, which was in agreement with the observation of significantly larger areas of centrilobular necrosis in the livers of Per2-null mice.	Alanine	6-13	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	73-77
18462962-3	2009	She had a mutation in PANK2 gene consisting of an aminoacid change of Alanine to Valine in exon 5 (A382V).	Alanine	70-77	pantothenate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
19109177-8	2009	Likewise, binding of each ficolin to CRT was inhibited by mutation of Lys to Ala or Glu, but not to Arg.	Alanine	77-80	calreticulin	Homo sapiens	37-40
19012749-1	2009	ASCT2 is an ASC (alanine-, serine-, cysteine-preferring) neutral amino acid exchanger that may regulate CNS function by transporting amino acid substrates including L-serine, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamate and D-serine.	Alanine	17-24	solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	0-5
20559012-8	2009	Our results suggest a positive association between high intake of marine n-3 PUFA and rectal cancer risk among carriers of at least one PARP codon 762 Ala allele (odds ratio=1.7, 95% confidence interval=1.1-2.7).	Alanine	151-154	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
19254215-7	2009	In patients without burdened familial anamnesis 3-rd degree AH was associated with higher frequency of allele Ala of polymorphic marker Pro12A1a of PPARG2 gene.	Alanine	110-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	148-154
18809670-7	2009	Alanine mutations of this determinant (IYIV212-215) in the full-length D(2) receptor generated a signaling-biased receptor with intact ligand binding and G-protein coupling and activation, but deficient in receptor-mediated arrestin3 translocation to the membrane, agonist-induced receptor internalization, and agonist-induced desensitization in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Alanine	0-7	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	224-233
19221446-7	2009	The results indicated that the Ala allele in homozygosity is associated with higher scores in harm avoidance and respective subscales: anticipatory worry HA1 and shyness HA3, as well as lower scores in exploratory excitability NS1, responsibility SD1, resourcefulness SD3, helpfulness C3 and compassion C4 subscales, in addition to lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores.	Alanine	31-34	Rho GTPase activating protein 45	Homo sapiens	154-157
19221446-7	2009	The results indicated that the Ala allele in homozygosity is associated with higher scores in harm avoidance and respective subscales: anticipatory worry HA1 and shyness HA3, as well as lower scores in exploratory excitability NS1, responsibility SD1, resourcefulness SD3, helpfulness C3 and compassion C4 subscales, in addition to lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores.	Alanine	31-34	A-kinase anchoring protein 13	Homo sapiens	170-173
19172996-7	2009	However, the Whi5 CDK mutant with all 12 putative CDK sites changed to alanine causes a dramatic cell cycle phenotype when expressed with a Swi6 CDK phosphorylation mutant.	Alanine	71-78	transcriptional repressor WHI5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-17
19172996-7	2009	However, the Whi5 CDK mutant with all 12 putative CDK sites changed to alanine causes a dramatic cell cycle phenotype when expressed with a Swi6 CDK phosphorylation mutant.	Alanine	71-78	transcriptional regulator SWI6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	140-144
18974096-5	2008	Vinblastine-treated cells overexpressing a Ser-62 --&gt; Ala mutant showed highly significantly reduced apoptosis compared with cells expressing wild-type Bcl-xL.	Alanine	57-60	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	155-161
18991400-9	2008	Alanine mutations of Lys(484), Leu(552), Asp(591), Ile(602), Lys(616), Asp(620), and Pro(621) compromised affinities for insulin 2-5-fold.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
18981164-6	2008	Further molecular assessment of human CD4(+)CD8(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes led to the conclusion that the poly-Gly/Ala runs in CDR3alpha were a property of immune, but not naive, repertoires and could be attributed to influenza exposure.	Alanine	119-122	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	38-41
19104705-5	2008	One common polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene is proline to alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) which results from a CCA to GCA missense substitution in codon 12 of exon 2 of the PPAR-gamma gene.	Alanine	57-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-37
19104705-5	2008	One common polymorphism in PPAR-gamma gene is proline to alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) which results from a CCA to GCA missense substitution in codon 12 of exon 2 of the PPAR-gamma gene.	Alanine	57-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	172-182
18812192-6	2008	A conserved Cys residue was identified both by multiple sequence alignment as well as by functional complementation and activity assay of the mutant (Cys to Ala) forms of the SELD identifying this residue as essential for the catalytic function.	Alanine	157-160	selenophosphate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
18981164-6	2008	Further molecular assessment of human CD4(+)CD8(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+) thymocytes led to the conclusion that the poly-Gly/Ala runs in CDR3alpha were a property of immune, but not naive, repertoires and could be attributed to influenza exposure.	Alanine	119-122	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-58
18790835-8	2008	Mutation of this cysteine to alanine (Bnip3C64A) or deletion of the NH2-terminus (amino acids 1-64) resulted in reduced cell death activity of Bnip3.	Alanine	29-36	BCL2 interacting protein 3	Homo sapiens	38-43
18784080-0	2008	Synaptotagmin C2B domain regulates Ca2+-triggered fusion in vitro: critical residues revealed by scanning alanine mutagenesis.	Alanine	106-113	secretoglobin family 2B member 3, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	14-17
18784080-8	2008	Finally, scanning alanine mutagenesis of C2AB revealed four distinct groups of mutations within the C2B domain that play roles in the regulation of SNARE-mediated fusion.	Alanine	18-25	secretoglobin family 2B member 3, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	100-103
18790835-9	2008	Moreover, mutation of a histidine residue in the COOH-terminal transmembrane domain to alanine (Bnip3H173A) almost completely inhibited the cell death activity of Bnip3.	Alanine	87-94	BCL2 interacting protein 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
19526109-1	2008	The distribution of PPARG gene allele frequencies (Pro/Ala polymorphism) was studied in sportsmen specialized in speed and force athletics.	Alanine	55-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-25
18601651-5	2008	Surprisingly, screening of the P2 position revealed that UCH-L3, in contrast with all the other tested DUBs, demonstrates substantial tolerance of alanine and valine at P2, and a parallel analysis using the appropriate mutation of the full-length ubiquitin confirms this.	Alanine	147-154	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L3	Homo sapiens	57-63
19526109-3	2008	The PPARG Ala allele was significantly more incident in athletes than in controls, the incidence increasing with higher athletic qualification.	Alanine	10-13	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	4-9
19526109-4	2008	A hypertrophic effect of PPARG Ala allele on muscle fibers was detected.	Alanine	31-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-30
18946116-8	2008	Increasing salt concentration slowed down broad-specificity amino-peptidase C, glutamyl aminopeptidase A, proline iminopeptidase, and peptidase with high specificity for leucine and alanine.	Alanine	182-189	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	88-102
18801757-6	2008	Ala substitution of OSP58M impaired the functional TCR recognition/activation of pathogenic OSP-reactive T cells.	Alanine	0-3	claudin 11	Mus musculus	20-23
18713736-7	2008	Replacing the acidic amino acids within GPIHBP1 residues 38-48 with alanine eliminated the ability of GPIHBP1 to bind LPL and chylomicrons.	Alanine	68-75	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lipoprotein lipase	Cricetulus griseus	118-121
18708479-4	2008	His-226, a highly conserved extracellular residue among SLC5A5 homologs, was replaced with alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, or lysine.	Alanine	91-98	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Homo sapiens	56-62
18931076-3	2008	Here we report the development of a mutant CycT1 protein, containing three threonine-to-alanine substitutions in the linker region between two of the cyclin boxes, which displays a potent dominant negative effect on HIV transcription.	Alanine	88-95	cyclin T1	Homo sapiens	43-48
18822378-5	2008	Mutation of S118 to either Ala or Asp destabilized aromatase, indicating an important structural role for S118.	Alanine	27-30	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	51-60
18701649-7	2008	Performing targeted mutagenesis, we observed that substitution of Ser726 and Ser729 for alanines produced a mutant form of NHE1 that did not alkalinize in response to an apoptotic stimulus, and expression of which protected cells from serum withdrawal- induced death.	Alanine	88-96	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Homo sapiens	123-127
18694932-9	2008	Mutation of predicted EF-hand loop residues in PC2 to alanine abolishes Ca2+ binding.	Alanine	54-61	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	47-50
18757828-5	2008	Mass spectrometry and phosphorylation analysis of mutated (Ser--&gt;Ala) GST-NHE1 fusion proteins revealed that PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 occurred principally at Ser648.	Alanine	68-71	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
18850055-4	2008	Examining intronless tRNA-Tyr and intron-containing pre-tRNA-Ala expression levels in cytoplasmic and nuclear fraction with Northern blot analysis between wild-type and mutant leaf tissue suggested that rice PSD might be involved in tRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.	Alanine	61-64	ARM repeat superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	208-211
18443916-7	2008	These data suggest that the APOE*2 allele follows the model of antagonist pleiotropy, while the PPAR-gamma Pro/Ala genotype seems to exert beneficial effects both early in life and in advanced age in a gender-specific way.	Alanine	111-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	96-106
19082310-11	2008	The genetic analysis of tumoral DNA revealed point mutations in two different genes: the wild type CAA at codon 61 of N-RAS mutated to CAT, replacing glycine by histidine (G61H) and the normal GCC sequence at codon 623 of the TSHR gene was replaced by TCC, changing the alanine by serine (A623S).	Alanine	270-277	catalase	Homo sapiens	135-138
18653452-5	2008	(ii) The mutation of two of the four glutamates in Nef"s AC to alanines does not alter Nef"s ability to downregulate MHC-I, and triply mutated Nefs exhibit 50% activity.	Alanine	63-71	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	51-54
18632859-6	2008	Scanning alanine mutagenesis identified two regions in the carboxy-terminal portion of the TMD that eliminated the Golgi complex localization of the chimeric CD4 proteins or ORF7b protein.	Alanine	9-16	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	158-161
18669538-6	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative prostasin cleavage site in the extracellular loop of the gamma-subunit revealed that mutating the 181Lys residue to alanine (gammaK181A) increases ENaC baseline whole-oocyte currents, decreases channel surface expression, and largely reduces the stimulatory effect of extracellular proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and human neutrophil elastase).	Alanine	156-163	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
18653452-7	2008	(iv) The mutation of all four glutamates to alanine does debilitate Nef MHC-I downregulation, but this quadruple mutation also impairs the ability of Nef to regulate p21-activated protein kinase and enhance viral particle infectivity.	Alanine	44-51	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	68-71
18729444-3	2008	To facilitate a drug design that targets HDAC1, we assessed the influence of residues in the 11 A channel of the HDAC1 active site on activity by using an alanine scan.	Alanine	155-162	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
18729444-5	2008	Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that alanine mutation results in significant movement of the active-site channel, which suggests that channel residues promote HDAC1 activity by influencing substrate interactions.	Alanine	46-53	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	168-173
18617512-5	2008	Consistently, TAK1 mutant with alanine substitution of these two residues severely inhibits IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities, whereas TAK1 mutant with replacement of these two sites with acidic residues slightly enhances IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities compared with the TAK1 wild-type.	Alanine	31-38	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	105-113
18369660-3	2008	Replacement of the serines in the PKB/SGK consensus sequences by alanine (gsk3 ( KI )) confers resistance of GSK3 to PKB/SGK.	Alanine	65-72	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	34-37
18818480-6	2008	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the Kv1.5 pore domain combined with macroscopic current analysis suggested that disopyramide interacted only with the Val512 residue that faces to the central cavity of the channel.	Alanine	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	32-37
18369660-3	2008	Replacement of the serines in the PKB/SGK consensus sequences by alanine (gsk3 ( KI )) confers resistance of GSK3 to PKB/SGK.	Alanine	65-72	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	117-120
18593704-4	2008	In the present study we have identified a novel DNA binding site within Rad52 by a structure-based alanine scan mutagenesis.	Alanine	99-106	RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	72-77
19070258-8	2008	CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the presence of the Ala allele at the PPARG/Pro12Ala polymorphism and the Ser allele at the PPARGC1A/Gly482Ser polymorphism may be a predisposing factor for sarcoidosis.	Alanine	58-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	76-81
18625294-2	2008	MDR1 expression reduced intracellular levels of the Hexyl-ALA metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to a limited degree and could be reversed with a P-gp inhibitor, verapamil.	Alanine	58-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
18625294-3	2008	P-gp expression also reduced Hexyl-ALA photosensitivity.	Alanine	35-38	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
18621031-5	2008	In the presence of alanine, glycine uptake was completely blocked by the GlyT1 inhibitors ALX 5407 and sarcosine, suggesting that the high-affinity glycine uptake occurs predominantly via GlyT1.	Alanine	19-26	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	73-78
18621031-5	2008	In the presence of alanine, glycine uptake was completely blocked by the GlyT1 inhibitors ALX 5407 and sarcosine, suggesting that the high-affinity glycine uptake occurs predominantly via GlyT1.	Alanine	19-26	solute carrier family 6 member 9	Homo sapiens	188-193
18642254-2	2008	Based on experimental constraints from MAS NMR spectroscopy experiments, alanine scanning and electron microscopy, a structural model of CA150.WW2 amyloid fibrils was calculated earlier.	Alanine	73-80	transcription elongation regulator 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
18636749-6	2008	When the corresponding residues were substituted by alanine in native germinal and somatic ACE, the mutant proteins were not cleaved, although they were displayed on the cell surface and enzymatically active.	Alanine	52-59	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	91-94
18502759-4	2008	So far IGF-I residues structurally corresponding to the residues of the insulin site 1 together with residues in the C-domain of IGF-I have been found to be important for binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptor (e.g. Phe(23), Tyr(24), Tyr(31), Arg(36), Arg(37), Val(44), Tyr(60), and Ala(62)).	Alanine	283-286	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
18550520-3	2008	We have tested this hypothesis by performing facial axotomies on cytochrome c knock-in mice containing a point mutation in the genomic locus of cytochrome c resulting in a lysine to alanine conversion at position 72 of the protein.	Alanine	182-189	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	144-156
18501695-1	2008	A square-wave cathodic stripping voltammetry method for alanine determination as its phenylthiohydantoin (PTH-alanine) derivative is developed.	Alanine	56-63	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	106-109
18483179-3	2008	Consistent with this finding, a replacement of S226 with an alanine enhances GR transcriptional response.	Alanine	60-67	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	77-79
18502759-0	2008	Alanine scanning of a putative receptor binding surface of insulin-like growth factor-I.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	59-87
18636161-7	2008	Expression of the Bcl-xL mutant, in which alanine was substituted for both arginine 52 and 66 (N52,66A-Bcl-xL), suppressed deamidation and showed resistance to the induction of apoptosis by treatment with GSH-DXR.	Alanine	42-49	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	18-24
18511417-5	2008	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis and kinetic analysis identified three regions within VAMP-2 that were recognized by BoNT/B and TeNT: residues adjacent to the site of scissile bond cleavage (cleavage region) and residues located within N-terminal and C-terminal regions relative to the cleavage region.	Alanine	0-7	vesicle associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	82-88
18502759-4	2008	So far IGF-I residues structurally corresponding to the residues of the insulin site 1 together with residues in the C-domain of IGF-I have been found to be important for binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptor (e.g. Phe(23), Tyr(24), Tyr(31), Arg(36), Arg(37), Val(44), Tyr(60), and Ala(62)).	Alanine	283-286	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
18519573-7	2008	Alanine mutation of a region of the Zq domain with high propensity for alpha-helix formation decreased apparent Zq domain dimer formation and decreased Zq interaction with the alpha-actinin R2-R3 region in surface plasmon resonance assays.	Alanine	0-7	actinin alpha 1	Homo sapiens	176-189
18502759-4	2008	So far IGF-I residues structurally corresponding to the residues of the insulin site 1 together with residues in the C-domain of IGF-I have been found to be important for binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptor (e.g. Phe(23), Tyr(24), Tyr(31), Arg(36), Arg(37), Val(44), Tyr(60), and Ala(62)).	Alanine	283-286	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
18502759-4	2008	So far IGF-I residues structurally corresponding to the residues of the insulin site 1 together with residues in the C-domain of IGF-I have been found to be important for binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptor (e.g. Phe(23), Tyr(24), Tyr(31), Arg(36), Arg(37), Val(44), Tyr(60), and Ala(62)).	Alanine	283-286	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	66-69	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	132-136
18477468-3	2008	Mutation of Akt1 protein, exchanging the activation-essential Ser473 and Thr308 residues for inactive Ala or phosphorylation-mimicking Asp and Glu residues, revealed that phosphorylation of Ser473 represented an essential prerequisite for auto-phosphorylation of Thr308 within the Akt1 protein in keratinocytes.	Alanine	102-105	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	73-76	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	132-136
18577755-2	2008	Recently, in work by Ferreon and Hilser, the energetics associated with Ala and Gly substitutions at a surface exposed proline site were determined calorimetrically by measuring the binding energetics of Sos peptide variants to the C-terminal Src Homology 3 domain of SEM-5.	Alanine	72-75	xylosyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	204-207
18975239-6	2008	The most common mutation in the ARX gene is c. 428_451dup24, duplication of 24 bp in exon 2 of the gene, causing elongation of the second alanine tract (polyA12_II).	Alanine	138-145	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	32-35
18372248-5	2008	Mutation of all three residues to Ala markedly reduces mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of PRAS40 in vitro.	Alanine	34-37	AKT1 substrate 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
18434303-6	2008	In this report, we demonstrate that mutation of tyrosine 141 in bric-a-bric, tramtrack, broad complex domain to alanine rendered INrf2 unstable and nonfunctional.	Alanine	112-119	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
18524949-7	2008	The active site Cys-X(5)-Arg (CX(5)R) sequence of Ci-VSP differs with that of PTEN only at amino acid 365 where a glycine residue in Ci-VSP is replaced by an alanine in PTEN.	Alanine	158-165	voltage-sensor containing phosphatase	Ciona intestinalis	53-56
18477133-10	2008	With high-dose exposure ALA-PDT, caspase-3 and PARP expression were seen, and cell death due to apoptosis and/or necrosis was observed, but thioredoxin was barely detected.	Alanine	24-27	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	33-42
18385285-2	2008	In human Kv1.5, replacing the first proline by an alanine resulted in a nonfunctional channel.	Alanine	50-57	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	9-14
18991196-3	2008	In contrast, corticotropin (ACTH) treatment was associated with increased alanine and phenylalanine, and decreased taurine compared to controls and untreated OMS, and increased glutamine, lysine, ornithine, and tyrosine compared to untreated OMS.	Alanine	74-81	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	28-32
18991196-5	2008	The ACTH dose-association was most apparent for alanine and phosphoethanolamine, but lysine and ornithine were also higher in the high-dose ACTH group.	Alanine	48-55	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	4-8
18405999-4	2008	In addition, BRIN-BD11 clonal beta-cells were supplemented with patients" sera to determine basal and alanine-stimulated insulin secretion and terminal complement complex (TCC) formation.	Alanine	102-109	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
18477133-10	2008	With high-dose exposure ALA-PDT, caspase-3 and PARP expression were seen, and cell death due to apoptosis and/or necrosis was observed, but thioredoxin was barely detected.	Alanine	24-27	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
18380773-1	2008	The sequence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*3314 is identical to that of HLA-A*330301 except for a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 49 (GCG--&gt;GGG) resulting in an amino acid change from Ala to Gly.	Alanine	200-203	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	22-47
18380773-1	2008	The sequence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*3314 is identical to that of HLA-A*330301 except for a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 49 (GCG--&gt;GGG) resulting in an amino acid change from Ala to Gly.	Alanine	200-203	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	77-82
18403372-4	2008	When Ser(455), a phosphorylation site in SREBP-2, was substituted with Ala, this SREBP-2 mutant was more efficiently modified by SUMO-1.	Alanine	71-74	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	41-48
18403372-4	2008	When Ser(455), a phosphorylation site in SREBP-2, was substituted with Ala, this SREBP-2 mutant was more efficiently modified by SUMO-1.	Alanine	71-74	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-88
18347021-10	2008	A threonine to alanine change at this position led to a diminished DNA binding due to reduced dimerization of TRF1.	Alanine	15-22	telomeric repeat binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
18292089-7	2008	Mutations in S100A12(38-53) produced using an alanine scan confirmed that specific hydrophobic residues (I44A, I47A, and I53A) on the same face of the helix were critical for monocyte chemotaxis in vitro and generation of edema in vivo.	Alanine	46-53	S100 calcium binding protein A12	Homo sapiens	13-20
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1C	Homo sapiens	117-121
18463259-5	2008	Through characterizing rTRPA1 and hTRPA1 chimeric channels and point mutations, we identified several residues in the upper portion of the S6 transmembrane domains as critical determinants of the opposite channel gating: Ala-946 and Met-949 of rTRPA1 determine channel activation, whereas equivalent residues of hTRPA1 (Ser-943 and Ile-946) determine channel block.	Alanine	221-224	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
18463259-5	2008	Through characterizing rTRPA1 and hTRPA1 chimeric channels and point mutations, we identified several residues in the upper portion of the S6 transmembrane domains as critical determinants of the opposite channel gating: Ala-946 and Met-949 of rTRPA1 determine channel activation, whereas equivalent residues of hTRPA1 (Ser-943 and Ile-946) determine channel block.	Alanine	221-224	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	244-250
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1C	Homo sapiens	69-73
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1C	Homo sapiens	117-121
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1C	Homo sapiens	117-121
18310074-4	2008	Furthermore, the mutation of Thr-40 within the inhibitory subunit of IPP5 into Ala eliminates the phosphorylation of IPP5 by protein kinase A and its inhibitor activity to PP1, whereas the mutation of Thr-40 within a truncated form of IPP5 into Asp can serve as a dominant active form of IPP5 in inhibiting PP1 activity.	Alanine	79-82	inorganic pyrophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	307-310
18369690-0	2008	Identification of amino acid residues responsible for von Willebrand factor binding to sulfatide by charged-to-alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	111-118	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	54-75
18248330-7	2008	ERK4 mutants in which Ser(186) is replaced with either an alanine residue or a phospho-mimetic residue (glutamate) are unable to activate MK5 and Ser(186) is also required for cytoplasmic anchoring of MK5.	Alanine	58-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
18422656-6	2008	Double alanine mutation of the C-terminal tail extension of s-DAPK-1 (Gly296/Arg297) prevented production of the 40 kDa fragment, suggesting that the smaller product is generated by in vivo proteolytic processing.	Alanine	7-14	death associated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-68
18321994-3	2008	Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4-5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22 degrees C. Surprisingly, the loss of function mcm4-5A mutation confers cold and hydroxyurea sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation.	Alanine	12-19	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	273-277
18088355-5	2008	Inhibition of SGK1 phosphorylation sites on SRF and CREB1 with alanine substitution significantly diminished SGK1-enhanced zif268 expression in the promoter-luciferase assay.	Alanine	63-70	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
18321994-3	2008	Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4-5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22 degrees C. Surprisingly, the loss of function mcm4-5A mutation confers cold and hydroxyurea sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation.	Alanine	12-19	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	278-282
18379566-5	2008	Haplotype-based analysis including both PPAR gamma polymorphisms revealed that in girls aged 3-4 years, the Ala-T haplotype was associated with higher waist (P = 0.014) and hip (P = 0.007) circumferences compared to the common Pro-C haplotype.	Alanine	108-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-50
18234674-3	2008	We conducted a comprehensive alanine scan of 76 evolutionarily conserved residues of CRF-BP and identified several residues that differentially affected the affinity for CRF over Ucn 1.	Alanine	29-36	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	85-91
18234675-7	2008	180, 1686-1693), the SPR analysis showed that PILRalpha can bind to each Ala mutant of the two CD99 O-glycosylated sites (Thr-45 and Thr-50) with similar binding affinity to wild-type CD99.	Alanine	73-76	paired immunoglobin like type 2 receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55
18077048-0	2008	Alanine variant of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma gene might be associated with decreased risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	52-61
18023480-4	2008	In addition, a detailed analysis of the 4.1G "docking site" within Fc gamma RI is provided by examining Fc gamma RI-CY-truncated and alanine-substituted mutants.	Alanine	133-140	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 like 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
18411209-3	2008	Transgenic flies expressing mutant dMTF-1 containing alanine substitutions of two, four or six cysteine residues within the sequence (547)CNCTNCKCDQTKSCHGGDC(565) are significantly or completely impaired in their ability to protect flies from copper toxicity and fail to up-regulate MtnA (metallothionein) expression in response to excess Cu.	Alanine	53-60	Metallothionein A	Drosophila melanogaster	283-287
18285345-5	2008	When the adjacent Ser(358), present in mouse and rat IRS-1, was mutated to alanine, which is homologous to the human sequence, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 or tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was not increased.	Alanine	75-82	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
17902168-7	2008	Mutation of Ser-518 or Ser-522 of CRMP-2, which are highly phosphorylated in AD brain, to Ala blocks the OA-induced modification of CRMP-2 in SK-N-SH cells.	Alanine	90-93	dihydropyrimidinase like 2	Homo sapiens	34-40
17902168-7	2008	Mutation of Ser-518 or Ser-522 of CRMP-2, which are highly phosphorylated in AD brain, to Ala blocks the OA-induced modification of CRMP-2 in SK-N-SH cells.	Alanine	90-93	dihydropyrimidinase like 2	Homo sapiens	132-138
18077048-13	2008	CONCLUSION: The alanine variant of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma might be associated with decreased risk of DR in T2DM.	Alanine	16-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
18162503-6	2008	Subjects with at least one PPARG2 Ala allele and homozygous for the HNF4A rs2144908 A allele had 40% higher S(I) compared with individuals with at least one G allele.	Alanine	34-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	27-33
18203802-6	2008	The entropic advantage of Pro versus Ala (DeltaDeltaS(U) = 11 +/- 2 J/mol K) was measured at the solvent-exposed P17 site.	Alanine	37-40	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	113-116
18155686-6	2008	PCB77-induced oxidative stress and activation of the oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) were markedly increased in the presence of LA and diminished by increasing the relative amount of ALA to LA.	Alanine	233-236	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	116-122
18155686-6	2008	PCB77-induced oxidative stress and activation of the oxidative stress sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) were markedly increased in the presence of LA and diminished by increasing the relative amount of ALA to LA.	Alanine	233-236	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	124-133
18155686-7	2008	Similar protective effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).	Alanine	41-44	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
18155686-7	2008	Similar protective effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).	Alanine	41-44	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	108-141
18155686-7	2008	Similar protective effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).	Alanine	41-44	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	143-149
18155686-7	2008	Similar protective effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).	Alanine	41-44	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	155-171
18155686-7	2008	Similar protective effects by increasing ALA were observed by measuring NF-kappaB-responsive genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).	Alanine	41-44	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	173-178
17988215-6	2008	Ser(557) was the principal phosphorylation site, as mutation of this residue to alanine caused a greater than 75% reduction in the total levels of phosphorylated MCOLN1 C-terminal tail.	Alanine	80-87	mucolipin TRP cation channel 1	Homo sapiens	162-168
18063693-4	2008	Arginine substitution of the sumoylatable lysine residue or alanine substitution of a nearby phosphorylatable serine residue (serine 19 in ERRalpha) increased the transcriptional activity of both ERRalpha and -gamma.	Alanine	60-67	estrogen related receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	139-147
18063693-4	2008	Arginine substitution of the sumoylatable lysine residue or alanine substitution of a nearby phosphorylatable serine residue (serine 19 in ERRalpha) increased the transcriptional activity of both ERRalpha and -gamma.	Alanine	60-67	estrogen related receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	196-215
18344284-4	2008	In yeast complementation experiments, ALA3 function requires interaction with members of a novel family of plant membrane-bound proteins, ALIS1 to ALIS5 (for ALA-Interacting Subunit), and in this host ALA3 and ALIS1 show strong affinity for each other.	Alanine	38-41	aminophospholipid ATPase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	201-205
18280666-10	2008	Furthermore, alanine substitutions of T341 and S385 to disrupt the potential ERK phosphorylation sites present in the Kir6.2 subunit significantly abrogated the stimulatory effects of ERK2, while aspartate substitutions of T341 and S385 to mimic the (negative) charge effect of phosphorylation rendered a small yet significant reduction in the ATP sensitivity of the channel.	Alanine	13-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
18280666-10	2008	Furthermore, alanine substitutions of T341 and S385 to disrupt the potential ERK phosphorylation sites present in the Kir6.2 subunit significantly abrogated the stimulatory effects of ERK2, while aspartate substitutions of T341 and S385 to mimic the (negative) charge effect of phosphorylation rendered a small yet significant reduction in the ATP sensitivity of the channel.	Alanine	13-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
18167304-5	2008	was observed with the F295L/Y337A mutant, showing that leucine 295 and alanine 337 are crucial residues in BChE for high bambuterol selectivity.	Alanine	71-78	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	107-111
18057997-4	2008	Serial mutagenesis of the Rem C-terminus between residues 265 and 276 to alanine generated two mutants (Rem(L271A) and Rem(L274A)) that displayed reduced CaM binding, and a subset of these mutants displayed significantly lower cell periphery localization than Rem(WT).	Alanine	73-80	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
18086680-6	2008	A mutant Nanog bearing alanine substitutions for these seven residues fails to confer LIF-independent self-renewal in mouse ES cells.	Alanine	23-30	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	9-14
18048350-10	2008	Mutation of Ser-354, Ser-379, Ser-385, Ser-391, or Ser-397 to nonphosphorylatable alanine reduced PKC inhibition moderately but significantly.	Alanine	82-89	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	98-101
18258633-8	2008	The replacement of the residues of aspartic acid in position 5 or those of alanine in position 6 in the sequence of p10mer resulted in peptides with no activity in the activation experiments.	Alanine	75-82	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	116-119
18073204-8	2008	Additionally, amino acids Ala(324) and Asp(327) in the cytoplasmic tails of HLA-A and (but not HLA-C and HLA-E) molecules also stabilized AP-1 binding.	Alanine	26-29	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	76-81
18211635-6	2008	RESULTS: The odds ratio for the PPARG2 Ala/Ala or Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro genotype and type 1 diabetes was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69-1.13, p = 0.33).	Alanine	39-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-38
18032377-8	2008	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of areas flanking Leu(172), Thr(281), and Leu(282) identified additional amino acids that affect inhibitor potency of not only these sulfonamides but also nonsulfonamide inhibitors, without affecting Abeta production and presenilin endoproteolysis.	Alanine	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	229-234
18209074-1	2008	In prior studies, we show that naturally occurring IgM anti-leukocyte autoantibodies (IgM-ALA) bind to CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 receptors.	Alanine	90-93	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
17989718-7	2008	When these two aspartates were mutated into alanines, more intriguingly, the apoptosis-amplified action of AML1-ETO induction completely disappeared, while inducible expression of the caspase-3-cleaved 70 kDa fragment of AML1-ETO after tetracycline removal is sufficient to enhance apoptotic sensitivity.	Alanine	44-52	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	184-193
18211635-6	2008	RESULTS: The odds ratio for the PPARG2 Ala/Ala or Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro genotype and type 1 diabetes was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69-1.13, p = 0.33).	Alanine	43-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-38
18211635-6	2008	RESULTS: The odds ratio for the PPARG2 Ala/Ala or Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro genotype and type 1 diabetes was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69-1.13, p = 0.33).	Alanine	43-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	32-38
18949529-1	2008	In the Lurcher mutant mouse (+/Lc), Purkinje cells (PCs) selectively die due to the mutation that converts alanine to threonine in the glutamate ionotropic receptor GRID 2, thus resulting in a constitutively leaky cation channel.	Alanine	107-114	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2	Mus musculus	165-171
18246469-5	2008	This process requires the functions of the ABCA1 lipid transporter and LCAT, and it is promoted by substitution of hydrophobic residues in the 261 to 269 region of apoE by Ala.	Alanine	172-175	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	164-168
18275819-5	2008	Although the AID-ABP interface encompasses 24 side chains, alanine-scanning mutagenesis reveals that the binding energy is focused in two complementary hotspots comprising four deeply conserved residues.	Alanine	59-66	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	17-20
19096125-6	2008	We also found four novel variants in patients which were absent in the controls: -91 C &gt; A (5"-UTR) and Ala105 &gt; Thr in TFAM, and Thr211 &gt; Ala and Arg256 &gt; Lys in TFB1M.	Alanine	107-110	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	126-130
18039857-5	2008	c-Src with a C-terminal Leu/Ala mutation in GENL (Src-A) promoted the activation and translocation of cortactin and focal adhesion kinase and increased the motility and persistence of cell migration on the basement membrane.	Alanine	28-31	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-5
17920329-5	2008	In contrast, JNK-dependent phosphorylation of T91/T93 requires continuous exposure to the drug and is impaired by caffeine treatment or alanine substitution of the adjacent threonine 95 (T95).	Alanine	136-143	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	13-16
18097621-4	2008	Mutation of T308 and S473 of Akt to alanine as well as the inhibition or depletion of upstream kinases for Akt activation blocked Akt degradation.	Alanine	36-43	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
18052043-4	2007	Our aim in this study was to identify the structural characteristics related to the different affinities for mAb198 of Pep.1 and Cyc.ext.Pep.1 using NMR spectroscopy and alanine scanning analysis.	Alanine	170-177	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	129-132
17872379-1	2008	A number of amino acids essential for Gs coupling, i.e. hot spots, were identified after in vitro Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the cytosolic extensions of helices 3, 5, and 6 and of intracellular loops 2 and 3 (IL2 and IL3) of the human LH receptor (LHR).	Alanine	98-101	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	210-213
17940191-7	2008	Instead, SPPARgammaM2 was found to bind to and activate human PPARgamma in which the Tyr473 residue had been mutated to alanine (hPPARgammaY473A), with potencies similar to those observed with the wild-type receptor (hPPARgammaWT).	Alanine	120-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	10-19
18196945-5	2008	Individuals, who had a small body size at birth and were carriers of the Ala allele, seem to be protected against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life.	Alanine	73-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
18561518-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The alanine allele of P12A polymorphism in PPARG gene in a few studies has been associated with a reduced or increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).	Alanine	16-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	55-60
17928291-3	2007	A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based reporter of Akt action (ReAktion) reveals a conformational change that is critically dependent on the existence of a phosphorylatable threonine 308 in the activation loop, because mutations to either aspartate or alanine abolished the change.	Alanine	260-267	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
17823368-7	2007	Consequently, both inhibiting PKD1 and HDAC5 Serine259/498 to Alanine mutant significantly attenuated Ang II-induced myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity and protein synthesis in VSMCs.	Alanine	62-69	histone deacetylase 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
17827792-13	2007	Sequence analysis of the TR beta gene was performed with informed consent, and this revealed a novel heterozygous mutation at codon 347 resulting in a GGG (glycine) to GCG (alanine) substitution (G347A).	Alanine	173-180	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	25-32
17875642-3	2007	We examined the molecular basis distinguishing the binding profile of Nrf2-MafG heterodimer from that of MafG homodimer and found that the Ala-502 residue in the basic region of Nrf2 is a critical determinant of its binding specificity.	Alanine	139-142	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
17875642-3	2007	We examined the molecular basis distinguishing the binding profile of Nrf2-MafG heterodimer from that of MafG homodimer and found that the Ala-502 residue in the basic region of Nrf2 is a critical determinant of its binding specificity.	Alanine	139-142	MAF bZIP transcription factor G	Homo sapiens	75-79
17875642-3	2007	We examined the molecular basis distinguishing the binding profile of Nrf2-MafG heterodimer from that of MafG homodimer and found that the Ala-502 residue in the basic region of Nrf2 is a critical determinant of its binding specificity.	Alanine	139-142	MAF bZIP transcription factor G	Homo sapiens	105-109
17875642-3	2007	We examined the molecular basis distinguishing the binding profile of Nrf2-MafG heterodimer from that of MafG homodimer and found that the Ala-502 residue in the basic region of Nrf2 is a critical determinant of its binding specificity.	Alanine	139-142	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	178-182
17875642-4	2007	In Maf proteins, a tyrosine resides in the position corresponding to Ala-502 in Nrf2.	Alanine	69-72	MAF bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	3-6
17875642-4	2007	In Maf proteins, a tyrosine resides in the position corresponding to Ala-502 in Nrf2.	Alanine	69-72	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
17724017-10	2007	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis studies targeting residues in the helix 4 region support a direct interaction between this domain of CA-CTD and LysRS.	Alanine	0-7	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
17884338-3	2007	Mutation of M504 to alanine, an amino acid, which is essential for ligand binding and which is situated in helix 5 of the ligand binding domain, abolishes hormone binding but still allows nuclear localization at only slightly reduced levels in the absence of hormone, whereas nuclear localization of EcR(M504R) is nearly abolished.	Alanine	20-27	Ecdysone receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	300-303
17998393-17	2007	These results demonstrate that gamma subunit valines 182 and 193 are critical for channel activation by NE, alanine 190 is critical for channel activation by PE, and that channel activation can be achieved by inserting a novel thrombin consensus sequence.	Alanine	108-115	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	227-235
17854388-6	2007	Compared with wild-type, levels of GABA, GHB, aspartate, and alanine were significantly higher in SSADH-null cortex, whereas glutamate, glutamine, and taurine were lower.	Alanine	61-68	aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	98-103
17900529-4	2007	The down-regulation of 14-3-3eta proteins in PC12D cells exogenously expressing hTH1, enhanced the stability of the wild-type enzyme and that of the mutant lacking the N-terminus up to Ala(23).	Alanine	185-188	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta	Homo sapiens	23-32
17901049-7	2007	Mutations of four lysine residues to alanine in IRS-2 protein, on the other hand, led to its reduced basal level acetylation and insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	37-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
17911111-4	2007	Although replacement of the 18 endogenous cysteines of CFTR with Ser or Ala yields a Cys-less mutant that does not mature at 37 degrees C, we found that maturation could be restored if Val(510) was changed to Ala, Cys, Ser, Thr, Gly, Ala, or Asp.	Alanine	209-212	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	55-59
17823368-7	2007	Consequently, both inhibiting PKD1 and HDAC5 Serine259/498 to Alanine mutant significantly attenuated Ang II-induced myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity and protein synthesis in VSMCs.	Alanine	62-69	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
17976052-2	2007	Consistent with this hypothesis, we find significant correlations between changes in Runx2 glutamine-alanine tandem-repeat ratio, and both Runx2 transcriptional activity and carnivoran facial length.	Alanine	101-108	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
17486058-3	2007	Individual substitution of these amino acids with alanine resulted in Bax conformational change, oligomerization, localization to mitochondria and cell death.	Alanine	50-57	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	70-73
17603054-9	2007	The first gene defect was identified in a patient with associated right renal agenesis who had two point mutations in the KAL1 gene: the first was a G to A transition in exon 11, turning codon 514 encoding glutamic acid into lysine; and the second was a G to A transition in exon 13, turning codon 660 encoding alanine into threonine.	Alanine	311-318	anosmin 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
17709378-5	2007	Mutation of this conserved residue to alanine (A) blocked the ability of retrovirally expressed TPL-2 to induce the activation of ERK in LPS-stimulated Nfkb1(-/-) macrophages.	Alanine	38-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	130-133
17709378-5	2007	Mutation of this conserved residue to alanine (A) blocked the ability of retrovirally expressed TPL-2 to induce the activation of ERK in LPS-stimulated Nfkb1(-/-) macrophages.	Alanine	38-45	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
17947470-2	2007	EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The affinity of the ErbB-2 targeting peptide KCCYSL and its alanine substituted counterparts for the extracellular domain (ECD) of purified recombinant ErbB-2 (ErbB-2-ECD) was assessed by fluorescence titration.	Alanine	81-88	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	173-179
17716624-2	2007	GnT1 mutants were prepared by replacing a predicted unpaired cysteine (C121) with alanine (C121A), serine (C121S), threonine (C121T) or aspartic acid (C121D).	Alanine	82-89	alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
17719007-4	2007	Yeast two-hybrid assay and EMSA showed that AtbZIP34 and AtbZIP61 could not form homodimer while their mutant forms, AtbZIP34m and AtbZIP61m, which the proline residue was replaced by an alanine residue in the zipper region, could form homodimer and bind G-box element.	Alanine	187-194	Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-65
17940047-2	2007	Recently, to elucidate the oligomerization pathway, we studied Abeta monomer folding and identified a decapeptide segment of Abeta, (21)Ala-(22)Glu-(23)Asp-(24)Val-(25)Gly-(26)Ser-(27)Asn-(28)Lys-(29)Gly-(30)Ala, within which turn formation appears to nucleate monomer folding.	Alanine	136-139	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	63-68
17940047-2	2007	Recently, to elucidate the oligomerization pathway, we studied Abeta monomer folding and identified a decapeptide segment of Abeta, (21)Ala-(22)Glu-(23)Asp-(24)Val-(25)Gly-(26)Ser-(27)Asn-(28)Lys-(29)Gly-(30)Ala, within which turn formation appears to nucleate monomer folding.	Alanine	208-211	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	125-130
17884024-4	2007	In the present study we mutated the equivalent lysine in the rat AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 flip to alanine (K445A) and assessed changes in nucleotide affinity from the displacement of [(3)H]fluorowillardiine.	Alanine	101-108	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
20641208-9	2004	Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the corresponding domains in VEGF revealed that charged amino acid residues in two exposed domains of VEGF are involved in binding to VEGFR-1 (Asp63, Glu64, and Glu67) and VEGFR-2 (Arg82, Lys84, and His86), respectively.	Alanine	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	61-65
20641208-9	2004	Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the corresponding domains in VEGF revealed that charged amino acid residues in two exposed domains of VEGF are involved in binding to VEGFR-1 (Asp63, Glu64, and Glu67) and VEGFR-2 (Arg82, Lys84, and His86), respectively.	Alanine	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	134-138
20641208-9	2004	Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the corresponding domains in VEGF revealed that charged amino acid residues in two exposed domains of VEGF are involved in binding to VEGFR-1 (Asp63, Glu64, and Glu67) and VEGFR-2 (Arg82, Lys84, and His86), respectively.	Alanine	0-7	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-173
17883254-3	2007	The inhibition of H 2O 2-induced IL-8 secretion from Caco-2 cells was observed by pretreatment with Cys, Val, Ile, Leu, Trp, His, Lys, and Ala.	Alanine	139-142	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	33-37
17761835-5	2007	Rho-kinase inhibitor, HA-1077, reduced serum alanine ALT level in rats with acute liver injury induced by CCl4 with the improvement of histological damage and the reduction of the number of apoptotic cells.	Alanine	45-52	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
17869248-5	2007	Many (31/69) alanine substitution derivatives of APOBEC3G198-384 retained significant to full levels of activity.	Alanine	13-20	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	49-57
17803977-7	2007	Additional factors, PPAR-gamma related, may therefore predispose aged subjects, carrying the Ala allele, to develop the neurodegenerative disease.	Alanine	93-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	20-30
17913921-5	2007	Mutation of Thr-276 in the fifth transmembrane domain (TM5) to alanine or aspartate prevented activation of wild-type hSERT through the PKG pathway and also blocked the inhibition of I425V activity by inhibitors of the pathway.	Alanine	63-70	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	77-80
17943569-0	2007	Prevalence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in poorly controlled asthma--results from the ALA-ACRC low-dose theophylline trial.	Alanine	91-94	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-33
17911403-2	2007	Addition of IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma (at concentrations that did not induce apoptosis) inhibited chronic (24 h) and acute stimulated levels of insulin release (by 59 and 93% respectively), increased cellular glucose and alanine consumption, and also elevated lactate and glutamate release.	Alanine	248-255	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	12-50
17706944-4	2007	To that aim, transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of SOD1 [the gly(93) --> ala (G93A) substitution; G93A SOD1] were fed on either tomato-enriched food pellets or the Altromin diet in which milk serum and proteins substitute for soy and fish flours.	Alanine	79-82	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	57-61
17891142-7	2007	Activation of EGFR within a single neuron, ALA, is sufficient to induce a quiescent state.	Alanine	43-46	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
17673466-6	2007	The analogous mutant with autophosphorylation sites exchanged for alanine gave rise to a substantially lower FRET signal than wild-type PKC alpha indicating a conformational difference elicited by the mutations.	Alanine	66-73	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	136-145
17597603-8	2007	[beta-Ala(8)]-neurokinin A (4-10), selective NK(2) receptor agonist, evoked concentration-dependent contraction, which was antagonized by SR48968, but not by SR140333.	Alanine	5-9	tachykinin receptor 2	Mus musculus	45-59
17495243-10	2007	Because thymosin beta(4)(Ala) possesses about threefold higher affinity to G-actin, compared to thymosin beta(4), beta(10), and beta(9), we suggest that expression of beta-thymosins is triggered by functional requirements and not sequence homology.	Alanine	25-28	thymosin beta 4 X-linked	Homo sapiens	8-24
16945373-1	2007	The threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene, when compared to the wild type, is associated with dyslipidemia.	Alanine	24-31	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-102
16945373-1	2007	The threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene, when compared to the wild type, is associated with dyslipidemia.	Alanine	33-36	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-102
17545692-4	2007	Site-directed mutants of EL were generated by replacing asparagine (N) 62, 118, 375, and 473 with alanine (A).	Alanine	98-105	lipase G, endothelial type	Homo sapiens	25-27
17631636-8	2007	In order to demonstrate that EstA enzyme activity is responsible for these effects, inactive variant EstA* was constructed by replacement of the active serine by alanine.	Alanine	162-169	esterase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	29-33
17631636-8	2007	In order to demonstrate that EstA enzyme activity is responsible for these effects, inactive variant EstA* was constructed by replacement of the active serine by alanine.	Alanine	162-169	esterase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	101-106
17685644-0	2007	Effects of mutational (Lys to Ala) surface charge changes on the redox properties of electrode-immobilized cytochrome c.	Alanine	30-33	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	107-119
17636025-5	2007	Rendering GDI-1 phosphodefective with a Ser96 --&gt; Ala substitution rescued the inhibitory activity of GDI-1 toward RhoA but did not alter the thrombin-induced activation of other Rho GTPases, i.e., Rac1 and Cdc42.	Alanine	53-56	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	118-122
17580098-2	2007	(Ala(2,8,9,19,24.25.27), Nle(17), Lys(28))VIP, (A-NL-K)VIP, was synthesized and Lys(28) was coupled to a linker, N-methyl-amino-ethyl-glycine, L2, which formed a carbamate bond with CPT.	Alanine	1-4	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	42-45
17504263-4	2007	Alanine uptake into astrocytes was largely mediated by system L isoform LAT2, whereas alanine uptake into neurons was mediated by Na(+)-dependent transporters with properties similar to system B(0) isoform B(0)AT2.	Alanine	0-7	linker for activation of T-cells family member 2	Cavia porcellus	72-76
17504263-6	2007	The results indicated that alanine cycling occurs subsequent to glutamate/glutamine cycling and that a significant proportion of cycling occurs via amino acid transport system L. Our results show that system L isoform LAT2 is critical for alanine uptake into astrocytes.	Alanine	27-34	linker for activation of T-cells family member 2	Cavia porcellus	218-222
17504263-6	2007	The results indicated that alanine cycling occurs subsequent to glutamate/glutamine cycling and that a significant proportion of cycling occurs via amino acid transport system L. Our results show that system L isoform LAT2 is critical for alanine uptake into astrocytes.	Alanine	239-246	linker for activation of T-cells family member 2	Cavia porcellus	218-222
17683829-7	2007	Finally, we concluded using histological analysis that VIP[ala(11,22,28)], a synthetic VPAC(1) agonist completely reversed the aggravating effects of IL-1beta on ibotenate-induced lesions of the periventricular white matter.	Alanine	59-62	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	55-58
17683829-7	2007	Finally, we concluded using histological analysis that VIP[ala(11,22,28)], a synthetic VPAC(1) agonist completely reversed the aggravating effects of IL-1beta on ibotenate-induced lesions of the periventricular white matter.	Alanine	59-62	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
17683829-7	2007	Finally, we concluded using histological analysis that VIP[ala(11,22,28)], a synthetic VPAC(1) agonist completely reversed the aggravating effects of IL-1beta on ibotenate-induced lesions of the periventricular white matter.	Alanine	59-62	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	150-158
17655277-8	2007	Substitution of these residues with Ala improves the apoE functions by preventing hypertriglyceridemia and promoting formation of spherical apoE-containing HDL.	Alanine	36-39	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	53-57
17597065-4	2007	We found that substitution of residues 173-175 and particularly Pro(174) to alanines reduces the EGF-induced ERK2 phosphorylation, without modifying its in vitro phosphorylation by MEK1.	Alanine	76-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
17655277-8	2007	Substitution of these residues with Ala improves the apoE functions by preventing hypertriglyceridemia and promoting formation of spherical apoE-containing HDL.	Alanine	36-39	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	140-144
17479112-5	2007	The reactive center P1 residue of PI9 was required for this inhibition since PI9 harboring a Glu --&gt; Ala mutation in its reactive center failed to impair death receptor-induced cell death.	Alanine	104-107	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	34-37
17556356-2	2007	ERRalpha is constitutively active, because its ligand binding pocket (LBP) is practically filled with side chains (in particular with Phe(328), which is replaced by Ala in ERRbeta and ERRgamma).	Alanine	165-168	estrogen related receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-8
17668384-4	2007	This mutation is thought to expand the original 16 alanine residues to 27 alanine residues (A110_A111insAAAAAAAAAAA) in the first polyalanine tract of the ARX protein.	Alanine	51-58	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	155-158
17668384-4	2007	This mutation is thought to expand the original 16 alanine residues to 27 alanine residues (A110_A111insAAAAAAAAAAA) in the first polyalanine tract of the ARX protein.	Alanine	74-81	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	155-158
17479112-5	2007	The reactive center P1 residue of PI9 was required for this inhibition since PI9 harboring a Glu --&gt; Ala mutation in its reactive center failed to impair death receptor-induced cell death.	Alanine	104-107	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	77-80
17490645-5	2007	Overexpression of ubiquilin-1 in HeLa cells reduced protein aggregates and the cytotoxicity associated with expression of a transfected nuclear-targeted GFP-fusion protein containing 37-alanine repeats (GFP-A37), in a dose dependent manner.	Alanine	186-193	ubiquilin 1	Homo sapiens	18-29
17579828-5	2007	RESULTS: Insulin-stimulated non-oxidative glucose metabolism (NOGM; p = 0.025) and glycolytic flux rate (GF; p = 0.026) were reduced in young Ala/Ala carriers compared with carriers of a 203Pro allele.	Alanine	142-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
17579828-5	2007	RESULTS: Insulin-stimulated non-oxidative glucose metabolism (NOGM; p = 0.025) and glycolytic flux rate (GF; p = 0.026) were reduced in young Ala/Ala carriers compared with carriers of a 203Pro allele.	Alanine	146-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
17579828-7	2007	While muscle expression of PGC-1beta was reduced in elderly compared with young carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype (p &lt; or = 0.001), there was no significant age-related decline in PGC-1beta expression in carriers of the 203Pro allele (p &gt; or = 0.4).	Alanine	96-99	PPARG coactivator 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-36
17579828-7	2007	While muscle expression of PGC-1beta was reduced in elderly compared with young carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype (p &lt; or = 0.001), there was no significant age-related decline in PGC-1beta expression in carriers of the 203Pro allele (p &gt; or = 0.4).	Alanine	100-103	PPARG coactivator 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-36
17475908-4	2007	Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors.	Alanine	20-27	poly(rC) binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	51-59
17517866-6	2007	Based on amino-terminal protein microsequencing and mass spectrometry analysis of the cleavage of peptides mimicking the uPAR sequences targeted by LasB, cleavage sites were determined to be Ala(84)-Val(85) and Thr(86)-Tyr(87) (D1-D2) and Gln(279)-Tyr(280) (D3).	Alanine	191-194	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Mus musculus	121-125
17879532-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between efficacy of Chaihu Taoren Decoction (CTD) and the polymorphism of valine-alanine missense mutation of 9th codan (Val9Ala, T1183C) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD).	Alanine	124-131	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	184-204
17678539-5	2007	However, due to the distinct characteristics of A12L proteolysis such as the localization of both the A12L full-length protein and its cleavage product in mature virions and two putative cleavage sites (Ala-Gly-Lys) located at internal and C-terminal region of A12L ORF, it was of interest to examine the A12L proteolysis for better understanding of regulation and function of VV proteolysis.	Alanine	203-206	core protein	Vaccinia virus	48-52
17879532-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between efficacy of Chaihu Taoren Decoction (CTD) and the polymorphism of valine-alanine missense mutation of 9th codan (Val9Ala, T1183C) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD).	Alanine	124-131	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	206-209
17595115-4	2007	In contrast, when Asp39 at P3 was mutated to alanine, PAR1-D39A, Km and kcat were both reduced approximately 3-fold, making the kcat/Km the same as that of PAR1-wt exodomain.	Alanine	45-52	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	54-58
17595115-4	2007	In contrast, when Asp39 at P3 was mutated to alanine, PAR1-D39A, Km and kcat were both reduced approximately 3-fold, making the kcat/Km the same as that of PAR1-wt exodomain.	Alanine	45-52	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	156-160
17625005-1	2007	Like the major vaccinia virus (VV) core protein precursors, p4b and p25K, the 25 kDa VV A12L late gene product (p17K) is proteolytically maturated at the conserved Ala-Gly-Ala motif.	Alanine	164-167	core protein	Vaccinia virus	88-92
17449664-6	2007	The p(f) matrices from molecular dynamics simulations of five aquaporins (AQP0, AQP1, AQP4, AqpZ, and GlpF) indicated that the reduction in the water correlation across the Asn-Pro-Ala region, and the small local permeability around the ar/R region, characterize the transport efficiency of water.	Alanine	181-184	major intrinsic protein of lens fiber	Homo sapiens	74-78
17449664-6	2007	The p(f) matrices from molecular dynamics simulations of five aquaporins (AQP0, AQP1, AQP4, AqpZ, and GlpF) indicated that the reduction in the water correlation across the Asn-Pro-Ala region, and the small local permeability around the ar/R region, characterize the transport efficiency of water.	Alanine	181-184	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	80-84
17638878-7	2007	Mutation of S224 to alanine causes a defect in the ATR-ATRIP-dependent maintenance of the G(2)-M checkpoint to ionizing and UV radiation.	Alanine	20-27	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	51-54
17548045-3	2007	The precursor TNF-alpha-based substrate, Dabcyl-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Homophe-Arg-Ser-Lys(Fam)-NH2, is a good substrate for all the ADAMs tested, including ADAM12 for which there is no reported fluorescent substrate.	Alanine	52-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
17548045-3	2007	The precursor TNF-alpha-based substrate, Dabcyl-Leu-Ala-Gln-Ala-Homophe-Arg-Ser-Lys(Fam)-NH2, is a good substrate for all the ADAMs tested, including ADAM12 for which there is no reported fluorescent substrate.	Alanine	52-55	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12	Homo sapiens	150-156
17568772-6	2007	Replacement of serine 78 of SEK1 with alanine abolished SGK1-mediated SEK1 inhibition.	Alanine	38-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
17499207-12	2007	The Asp380 amino acid residue appears to be important in myocilin function based on the finding that substitution of this amino acid with four different amino acids (His, Ala, Asn, or Gly) all result in a similar presentation of POAG that is intermediate between the more severe clinical presentations observed in individuals with the Pro370Leu or Lys423Glu variant and the milder findings in patients with the Gln368Stop mutation.	Alanine	171-174	myocilin	Homo sapiens	57-65
17559192-5	2007	While several SNP variants appeared to influence the substrate specificity of ABCB1, the nonsynonymous polymorphisms of 2677G &gt; T, A, or C at amino acid position 893 (Ala &gt; Ser, Thr, or Pro) have great impacts on both the activity and the substrate specificity of ABCB1.	Alanine	170-173	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	270-275
17486143-0	2007	Agonist-dependent consequences of proline to alanine substitution in the transmembrane helices of the calcitonin receptor.	Alanine	45-52	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	102-121
17475673-5	2007	In the presence of the system L inhibitor BCH, Na(+)-dependent l-alanine uptake in WKY and SHR PTE cells was inhibited by alanine, serine, and cysteine, which is consistent with amino acid transport through ASCT2.	Alanine	63-72	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	207-212
17475673-7	2007	Differences in magnitude of Na(+)-dependent l-alanine uptake through ASCT2 between WKY and SHR PTE cells correlated positively with differences in ASCT2 protein expression, this being more abundant in WKY PTE cells.	Alanine	44-53	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
17475673-7	2007	Differences in magnitude of Na(+)-dependent l-alanine uptake through ASCT2 between WKY and SHR PTE cells correlated positively with differences in ASCT2 protein expression, this being more abundant in WKY PTE cells.	Alanine	44-53	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
17475673-9	2007	In conclusion, immortalized SHR and WKY PTE cells take up l-alanine mainly through a high-affinity Na(+)-dependent amino acid transporter, with functional features of ASCT2 transport.	Alanine	58-67	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
17486143-4	2007	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Proline residues within the transmembrane domains of the calcitonin receptor (P246, P249, P280, P326, P336) were individually mutated to alanine (A) using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	160-167	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	80-99
17653445-9	2007	In the male sample, an association between the PPARG Pro12Ala variant and body mass index was detected, with male carriers of the Ala variant presenting a higher mean body mass index than wild-type homozygotes (28.3 vs 26.2 kg/m2, P = 0.037).	Alanine	58-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	47-52
17470458-5	2007	Co-expression of constitutively active Akt and the AR has similar consequences, which are blocked by alanine substitutions at residues 215 and 792.	Alanine	101-108	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
17470458-5	2007	Co-expression of constitutively active Akt and the AR has similar consequences, which are blocked by alanine substitutions at residues 215 and 792.	Alanine	101-108	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	51-53
17470458-8	2007	IGF-1 rescue of AR toxicity is diminished by alanine substitutions at the Akt consensus sites.	Alanine	45-52	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17470458-8	2007	IGF-1 rescue of AR toxicity is diminished by alanine substitutions at the Akt consensus sites.	Alanine	45-52	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	16-18
17470458-8	2007	IGF-1 rescue of AR toxicity is diminished by alanine substitutions at the Akt consensus sites.	Alanine	45-52	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
17410580-6	2007	Arg112 in apoE4 was changed to Ala and Glu.	Alanine	31-34	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	10-15
17502353-4	2007	Alteration of S138 to an alanine residue impaired T-cell activation-induced ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Bcl10, ultimately resulting in prolongation of TCR-mediated NF-kappaB activation and enhancement of interleukin-2 production.	Alanine	25-32	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	221-234
17459880-5	2007	Similar to the MND2 deletion strain, cells harboring the alanine mutant that did not form spores arrested after premeiotic S phase with a single undivided nucleus and low levels of the APC(Ama1) meiotic substrate, Clb5, relative to wild type cells.	Alanine	57-64	Ama1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	189-193
17594477-2	2007	A polymorphism at codon 54 in exon 2 of the FABP2 gene exchanges an Alanine (Ala), in the small helical region of the protein, for Threonine (Thr).	Alanine	68-75	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
17594477-2	2007	A polymorphism at codon 54 in exon 2 of the FABP2 gene exchanges an Alanine (Ala), in the small helical region of the protein, for Threonine (Thr).	Alanine	68-71	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
17327410-10	2007	Mutation of the serine residue of this motif to alanine (Epo-RS462A) abolished beta-Trcp binding, Epo-R ubiquitination, and degradation.	Alanine	48-55	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	57-60
17467838-6	2007	In addition, alanine substitution at the residues Trp53, Glu55, and Arg56 in NS2B significantly reduced the cis- and trans-cleavage activities of the NS3 protease.	Alanine	13-20	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	50-55
17213819-4	2007	Ser/Thr-Ala substitution of 13 sites present in Oct-1 transcriptional regulatory domain eliminated Oct-1 phosphorylation subsequent to IR exposure.	Alanine	8-11	POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	48-53
17503785-6	2007	Alanine substitutions were made for individual residues, groups of residues, and the entire catalytic module of o-succinylbenzoate synthase (OSBS), a member of the enolase superfamily from Escherichia coli.	Alanine	0-7	Enolase	Escherichia coli	164-171
17213819-4	2007	Ser/Thr-Ala substitution of 13 sites present in Oct-1 transcriptional regulatory domain eliminated Oct-1 phosphorylation subsequent to IR exposure.	Alanine	8-11	POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	99-104
16938301-4	2007	Alanine substitution of serines 32 and 36 prevents degradation and retains the inactive NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha (32A/36A) complex in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	91-97
16938301-4	2007	Alanine substitution of serines 32 and 36 prevents degradation and retains the inactive NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha (32A/36A) complex in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	98-110
17408423-10	2007	The D2-Ala(92) allele showed a trend towards higher levels of insulin (P = 0.07) and a higher HOMA (P = 0.09).	Alanine	7-10	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
17450323-4	2007	Sequencing of the AHL cDNA in one such clone revealed the conversion of cytosine 635 (C635) to thymine, resulting in an Alanine (A212) to Valine substitution.	Alanine	120-127	HAL2-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
17098283-3	2007	Two negatively charged residues, E1024 (conserved in TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM1 and TRPM3) and D1031 (conserved along the entire TRPM subfamily), were identified as important determinants of cation permeation through TRPM6, because neutralization of both residues into an alanine resulted in non-functional channels.	Alanine	265-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
17498272-3	2007	These substitutions result in a change of amino acid residues in HLA-DRB1*1376 at position 74 (Arg --&gt; Glu) and in -DRB*1465 at positions 47 (Tyr --&gt; Phe), 57 (Asp --&gt; Ser) and 74 (Glu --&gt; Ala).	Alanine	201-204	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-73
17374704-3	2007	An alanine (A) to serine (S) polymorphism at codon 986 (A986S) of the CASR gene has been associated with higher calcium and osteoporosis; the association with coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been studied.	Alanine	3-10	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	70-74
17457693-5	2007	Aldh5a1-/- mice accumulate GHB and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, exhibit alterations of amino acids such as glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala) and arginine (Arg), and manifest disturbances in other systems including dopamine, neurosteroids and antioxidant status.	Alanine	157-164	aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	0-7
17457693-5	2007	Aldh5a1-/- mice accumulate GHB and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system, exhibit alterations of amino acids such as glutamine (Gln), alanine (Ala) and arginine (Arg), and manifest disturbances in other systems including dopamine, neurosteroids and antioxidant status.	Alanine	166-169	aldhehyde dehydrogenase family 5, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	0-7
17298301-2	2007	Deletion of a basic amino-acid-rich sequence of 16 residues N-terminal to the first cysteine of the transforming growth factor beta domain of GDNF results in a marked reduction in heparin binding, whereas removal of a neighbouring sequence, and replacement of pairs of other basic residues with alanine had no effect.	Alanine	295-302	glial cell derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	142-146
17469798-3	2007	In ALAS, replacing the equivalent histidine, H282, with alanine reduces the catalytic efficiency for glycine 450-fold and decreases the slow phase rate for glycine binding by 85%.	Alanine	56-63	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
17519046-13	2007	Alanine substitutions of three residues (T14A-S15A-S16A) in the N-terminus (Bax-Ala3) attenuated regulation by the serine-threonine kinase Akt/PKB but not by Bcl-xL indicative of distinct regulatory mechanisms.	Alanine	0-7	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	76-79
17519046-13	2007	Alanine substitutions of three residues (T14A-S15A-S16A) in the N-terminus (Bax-Ala3) attenuated regulation by the serine-threonine kinase Akt/PKB but not by Bcl-xL indicative of distinct regulatory mechanisms.	Alanine	0-7	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-146
17428466-5	2007	Second, mutation of threonine 509 in BRCA1, the site of Akt phosphorylation, to an alanine, attenuates the ability of heregulin to induce BRCA1 nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	83-90	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
17428436-8	2007	(Ala(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP, when administered together with GIP, significantly reduced plasma insulin (p&lt;0.05 to p&lt;0.01) and impaired the glucose-lowering ability (p&lt;0.05 to p&lt;0.01) of the native peptide.	Alanine	1-4	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
17428436-10	2007	These data demonstrate that position 3 amino acid substitution of GIP with (Ala(3)), (Phe(3)), (Tyr(3)) or (Pro(3)) provides a new class of functional GIP receptor antagonists.	Alanine	76-79	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
17428436-10	2007	These data demonstrate that position 3 amino acid substitution of GIP with (Ala(3)), (Phe(3)), (Tyr(3)) or (Pro(3)) provides a new class of functional GIP receptor antagonists.	Alanine	76-79	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17428436-2	2007	Here we report the enzyme resistance and biological activity of several Glu(3)-substituted analogues of GIP namely; (Ala(3))GIP, (Lys(3))GIP, (Phe(3))GIP, (Trp(3))GIP and (Tyr(3))GIP.	Alanine	117-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17703778-10	2007	The carboxyterminal amino acid residue Ala, which released from chain B of intact insulin, was confirmed in the nanomolar concentration range by analyzing the molecular weight of the truncated peptides.	Alanine	39-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
17322565-1	2007	We previously identified that four of five putative N-linked glycosylation sites of human endothelial lipase (EL) are utilized and suggested that the substitution of asparagine-116 (Asn-116) with alanine (Ala) (N116A) increased the hydrolytic activity of EL.	Alanine	205-208	lipase G, endothelial type	Homo sapiens	90-108
17322565-1	2007	We previously identified that four of five putative N-linked glycosylation sites of human endothelial lipase (EL) are utilized and suggested that the substitution of asparagine-116 (Asn-116) with alanine (Ala) (N116A) increased the hydrolytic activity of EL.	Alanine	205-208	lipase G, endothelial type	Homo sapiens	110-112
17531152-6	2007	Sequencing of aph(6)-Ia revealed a one-nucleotide disagreement with the published sequence, such that the amino acid at position 262 is an alanine instead of a serine.	Alanine	139-146	acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	14-17
17549562-2	2007	We predicted the stability would be increased with single-point mutation at 70 degrees C via the I-Mutant 2.0 server, and generated a mutant SOD with replacement of the free Cys to Ala (ZSODC7A) by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	181-184	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Danio rerio	141-144
17520476-6	2007	In contrast, mutation of the equivalent arginine to alanine in full length Kv1.2 and Kv1.4 appeared to have little or no effect on channel conductance but rather decreased cell surface protein levels by inducing partial high ER retention.	Alanine	52-59	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
17703778-11	2007	Another one carboxyterminal amino acid Ala was confirmed in the nanomolar concentration range of insulin chain B.	Alanine	39-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
17164347-7	2007	Using alanine substitutions, the paratope was identified within the heavy chain HCDR3s of the scFv"s.	Alanine	6-13	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	94-98
17331656-7	2007	The introduction of the two most frequent ARX polyalanine tract expansion mutations increases the repression activity in a manner dependent on the number of extra alanines.	Alanine	163-171	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	42-45
17420447-5	2007	Mutation of PAK1 phosphorylation sites on ILK to alanine reduced cell motility and cell proliferation.	Alanine	49-56	integrin linked kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
17298950-7	2007	A dileucine motif in the juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain is required for E-cadherin endocytosis, because substitution of these residues to alanine resulted in impaired internalization of the protein.	Alanine	140-147	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	74-84
17298950-8	2007	The alanine substitutions in the p120-uncoupled construct reduced endocytosis of the protein, indicating that this motif was dominant to p120 binding in the control of E-cadherin endocytosis.	Alanine	4-11	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	168-178
17182531-3	2007	Here, we demonstrate that mutating the amino acid F (phenylalanine) or L (leucine) at positions 1013 or 1014 to alanine, respectively, resulted in the retargeting of NBC1 to the apical membrane.	Alanine	59-66	solute carrier family 4 member 4	Homo sapiens	166-170
16412991-2	2007	More recent molecular studies revealed that Lurcher is a gain of function mutation in the delta2 glutamate receptor (GluRdelta2) that converts an alanine to threonine in the highly conserved third hydrophobic segment of GluRdelta2.	Alanine	146-153	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2	Mus musculus	117-127
16412991-2	2007	More recent molecular studies revealed that Lurcher is a gain of function mutation in the delta2 glutamate receptor (GluRdelta2) that converts an alanine to threonine in the highly conserved third hydrophobic segment of GluRdelta2.	Alanine	146-153	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2	Mus musculus	220-230
17395714-5	2007	Among these interactions, the MK2 Ile-366-Ala-390, which includes the bipartite nuclear localization signal, binds to the p38alpha-docking region.	Alanine	42-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	122-130
17400754-5	2007	Alanine scanning of this interface has identified the hot-spot residues that control TRIM21 binding to Fc; the same hot-spots control HIV/murine leukemia virus restriction by TRIM5alpha and mediate severe familial Mediterranean fever in TRIM20/pyrin.	Alanine	0-7	tripartite motif containing 21	Homo sapiens	85-91
17334708-2	2007	Mutation analysis of KYNU encoding kynureninase of the index case revealed homozygosity for a c.593 A &gt; G substitution leading to a threonine-to-alanine (T198A) shift.	Alanine	148-155	kynureninase	Homo sapiens	21-25
17510490-6	2007	Interestingly, neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1, which preferentially transports alanine, serine, cysteine, and threonine, was selectively expressed in Phgdh-negative tubular segments, i.e., the distal tubule and collecting duct.	Alanine	85-92	solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	46-51
17033777-3	2007	The TWD1 peptide was synthesized by standard solid phase peptide synthesis and contained three uniformly (13)C- and (15)N-labelled residues (Phe 340, Val 350, Ala 364).	Alanine	159-162	FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
17371988-3	2007	To investigate this possibility, we analyzed mice in which T cells express a NFATc1 variant (NFATc1(nuc)) with serine-to-alanine changes at the glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	121-128	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	77-83
17374678-6	2007	Those individuals who had a small body size at birth and were carriers of the Ala allele seemed to be protected against insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in later life.	Alanine	78-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
17427808-6	2007	Replacement of Gly-2 and Cys-3 (sites of posttranslational attachment of myristic and palmatic acids, respectively) with alanine affected AC4 membrane binding and pathogenesis.	Alanine	121-128	adenylate cyclase 4	Homo sapiens	138-141
17213184-4	2007	Alanine substitution identified a minimal sequence of 10 residues ((46)TKEIDLVNRD(55)) necessary for caveolin-1 rear polarization.	Alanine	0-7	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	101-111
17043656-3	2007	Expression of an alanine mutant (p85A) abolished cyclic AMP/TSH-induced cell cycle progression and was lethal in thyroid cells (FRTL-5).	Alanine	17-24	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
17285142-3	2007	Accumulated experimental and bioinformatic evidence has suggested an alternative explanation based on amino acid constraint on the second codon, i.e., amino acid Ala or Gly are needed as the second amino acid in the nascent peptide for the cleavage of the initiator Met, and the consequent overuse of Ala and Gly codons (GCN and GGN) leads to the +4G consensus.	Alanine	162-165	gametogenetin	Homo sapiens	329-332
17214964-2	2007	A common PARP1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 762, resulting in the substitution of alanine (Ala) for valine (Val) in the catalytic domain has been implicated in susceptibility to cancer.	Alanine	99-106	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
17214964-2	2007	A common PARP1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 762, resulting in the substitution of alanine (Ala) for valine (Val) in the catalytic domain has been implicated in susceptibility to cancer.	Alanine	108-111	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
17194752-7	2007	Consequently, the mutation of this tyrosine to alanine (Y920A) abrogated the interaction between MNAR and p85 and the E2-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which was required for the E2-induced protection of MCF7 cells from apoptosis.	Alanine	47-54	proline, glutamate and leucine rich protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
17194752-7	2007	Consequently, the mutation of this tyrosine to alanine (Y920A) abrogated the interaction between MNAR and p85 and the E2-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which was required for the E2-induced protection of MCF7 cells from apoptosis.	Alanine	47-54	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
17194752-7	2007	Consequently, the mutation of this tyrosine to alanine (Y920A) abrogated the interaction between MNAR and p85 and the E2-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which was required for the E2-induced protection of MCF7 cells from apoptosis.	Alanine	47-54	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
17242381-6	2007	The part of the pro-peptide involved in the intramolecular association with mature NGF comprised the peptide Trp(-83)-Ala(-63) as determined by H/D exchange experiments.	Alanine	118-121	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	83-86
17158446-7	2007	Site-directed mutagenesis studies of the active site histidine triad revealed that Hint labeling could be abolished by substitution of either His-101 of E. coli hinT or His-112 of human Hint1 by either alanine or glycine.	Alanine	202-209	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
17194446-7	2007	Replacement of amino acids 227-230 (ERDK) with alanine residues reduced the reactivity towards AADC by &gt;80% in all patient sera tested, suggesting that amino acids 227-230 are an important part of an immunodominant epitope.	Alanine	47-54	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	95-99
17024359-5	2007	Mutations DHFR Asn-108, DHFR Arg-59, and DHPS 436-Ala/Phe were very common (100, 81.1, and 85%, respectively).	Alanine	50-53	deoxyhypusine synthase	Homo sapiens	41-45
17212354-4	2007	RpL23a proteins in Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes are rich in lysine (approximately 25%), alanine (approximately 21%), and proline (approximately 8%), have a mass of approximately 40 kDa, a pI of 11.4 to 11.5, and contain an N-terminal extension of approximately 260 amino acid residues.	Alanine	90-97	Ribosomal protein L23A	Drosophila melanogaster	0-6
17261087-4	2007	A triple Ala substitution for the His-Pro-Phe motif of angiotensinogen prevented its cleavage by renin.	Alanine	9-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	55-70
17261087-4	2007	A triple Ala substitution for the His-Pro-Phe motif of angiotensinogen prevented its cleavage by renin.	Alanine	9-12	renin	Homo sapiens	97-102
17261087-5	2007	In contrast, triple Ala substitution for residues 9-11, including the natural site of cleavage by renin, allowed cleavage between the two Ala residues at positions 10 and 11.	Alanine	20-23	renin	Homo sapiens	98-103
17261087-5	2007	In contrast, triple Ala substitution for residues 9-11, including the natural site of cleavage by renin, allowed cleavage between the two Ala residues at positions 10 and 11.	Alanine	138-141	renin	Homo sapiens	98-103
16828498-3	2007	EBNA-1 can subdue immune recognition by virtue of a long glycine and alanine-rich repeat, which interferes with the proteasomal degradation of EBNA-1 and in this way averts the presentation of antigenic peptides derived from it.	Alanine	69-76	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	0-6
16828498-3	2007	EBNA-1 can subdue immune recognition by virtue of a long glycine and alanine-rich repeat, which interferes with the proteasomal degradation of EBNA-1 and in this way averts the presentation of antigenic peptides derived from it.	Alanine	69-76	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	143-149
17070842-8	2007	Functional cell adhesion and leukocyte transmigration assays further demonstrated central roles of Gln67 and Ala/Val57 in SIRPalpha extracellular binding mediated cell interactions and cell migration.	Alanine	109-112	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	122-131
17070842-9	2007	Another SIRPalpha-specific residue, Met102, appears to assist SIRPalpha IgV binding through Gln67 and Ala/Val57.	Alanine	102-105	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	8-17
17070842-9	2007	Another SIRPalpha-specific residue, Met102, appears to assist SIRPalpha IgV binding through Gln67 and Ala/Val57.	Alanine	102-105	signal regulatory protein alpha	Homo sapiens	62-71
17074766-3	2007	In this study, we systematically generated alanine mutants of clusters of charged residues in the spectrin-binding domains of both ankyrin-B and -G.	Alanine	43-50	ankyrin 2	Homo sapiens	131-147
17439324-5	2007	The Ala allele did not show a significant effect on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the type 2 diabetic group, whereas in non-diabetic subjects, carriers of the Ala allele had significantly lower fasting insulin (p=0.007) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.009) levels compared to Pro/Pro subjects.	Alanine	4-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	217-224
17587797-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: First to determine if body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) differ by possession of the Ala allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala polymorphism, and second, to determine if dietary fat intake and physical activity moderate these potential relationships among Hispanic Americans from Colorado.	Alanine	117-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	135-183
17587797-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: First to determine if body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) differ by possession of the Ala allele of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) Pro12Ala polymorphism, and second, to determine if dietary fat intake and physical activity moderate these potential relationships among Hispanic Americans from Colorado.	Alanine	117-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	185-194
17198398-5	2007	The carboxyl residue adjacent to the phosphoacceptor (+1 position) also influences the efficiency of Ime2 phosphorylation with alanine being a preferred residue.	Alanine	127-134	protein kinase IME2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
17199293-7	2007	Sequence-affinity relationships were probed via standard and nonstandard techniques (alanine scanning and hydrophile scanning, respectively), and the results allowed us to construct a computational model of the ligand/Bcl-xL complex.	Alanine	85-92	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	218-224
17351674-0	2007	The CDKN2a common variants: 148 Ala/Thr and 500 C/G in 3" UTR, and their association with clinical course of melanoma.	Alanine	32-35	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	4-10
17348446-6	2007	A marginally significant increased risk of breast cancer was observed among women homozygous for the Ala allele of PPARgamma Pro12Ala.	Alanine	101-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	115-124
17439324-5	2007	The Ala allele did not show a significant effect on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the type 2 diabetic group, whereas in non-diabetic subjects, carriers of the Ala allele had significantly lower fasting insulin (p=0.007) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.009) levels compared to Pro/Pro subjects.	Alanine	174-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	217-224
17439324-5	2007	The Ala allele did not show a significant effect on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the type 2 diabetic group, whereas in non-diabetic subjects, carriers of the Ala allele had significantly lower fasting insulin (p=0.007) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p=0.009) levels compared to Pro/Pro subjects.	Alanine	174-177	insulin	Homo sapiens	271-278
16888809-8	2007	Treatment of Xenopus egg extracts with a recombinant Survivin mutant that contained an alanine residue substitution at Thr43 (SURT43A mutant) or that was missing the C-terminal tubulin-binding domain (SURCL mutant) produced an increased frequency of MT asters and shorten abnormal spindle structures in Xenopus egg extracts.	Alanine	87-94	survivin	Xenopus laevis	53-61
17127446-3	2007	Here we examine the aggregation and functional properties of the two known polyalanine expansion mutations associated with X-linked Hypopituitarism (XH), SOX3(22Ala) and SOX3(26Ala), which contain an additional seven and eleven alanine residues, respectively.	Alanine	79-86	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	154-158
17127446-3	2007	Here we examine the aggregation and functional properties of the two known polyalanine expansion mutations associated with X-linked Hypopituitarism (XH), SOX3(22Ala) and SOX3(26Ala), which contain an additional seven and eleven alanine residues, respectively.	Alanine	79-86	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	170-174
17654069-3	2007	Direct sequencing revealed a GCT-->TCT transversion at codon 21 of the alpha2 gene generating an Ala-->Ser single amino acid substitution.	Alanine	97-101	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
17822322-8	2007	Carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype had higher p-SOD activity (p=0.04).	Alanine	16-19	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
17446684-0	2007	Increased inhibitory capacity of an anti-C5a complementary peptide following acetylation of N-terminal alanine.	Alanine	103-110	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
17822322-8	2007	Carriers of the Ala/Ala genotype had higher p-SOD activity (p=0.04).	Alanine	20-23	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
18029788-2	2007	The genes coding chicken lysozyme signal peptide - human lysozyme (HLY) hybrid preproteins were altered as follows: -2Leu to Pro and -lGly to either Ala, Val, Leu, Asn or Lys, and were expressed in yeast cells.	Alanine	149-152	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	25-33
18029788-2	2007	The genes coding chicken lysozyme signal peptide - human lysozyme (HLY) hybrid preproteins were altered as follows: -2Leu to Pro and -lGly to either Ala, Val, Leu, Asn or Lys, and were expressed in yeast cells.	Alanine	149-152	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	57-65
17141920-9	2007	Ala-containing analogs did not produce the remarkable activation behavior previously observed with STKR, suggesting different mechanisms of discerning ligands and/or activating effector pathways for STKR and DTKR.	Alanine	0-3	Tachykinin-like receptor at 99D	Drosophila melanogaster	208-212
17144662-6	2006	Through the use of alanine-scanning peptide array experiments and NMR spectroscopy, an approximate 5-fold tighter interaction was identified between Ca2+-S100A11 and annexin A2 (approximately 3 microM) compared to annexin A1 (approximately 15 microM).	Alanine	19-26	S100 calcium binding protein A11	Homo sapiens	154-161
17176056-3	2006	On the basis of the structure of the FGF-1-FGFR1 complex, we substituted four key amino acid residues of FGF-1 from the FGF-receptor binding site with alanines, constructing four point mutants and one double mutant.	Alanine	151-159	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	37-42
17176056-3	2006	On the basis of the structure of the FGF-1-FGFR1 complex, we substituted four key amino acid residues of FGF-1 from the FGF-receptor binding site with alanines, constructing four point mutants and one double mutant.	Alanine	151-159	fibroblast growth factor 1	Mus musculus	105-110
17038311-12	2006	Subsequently, we identified and mutated to alanine four proline-rich motifs in the PTH1R distal C terminus, which resulted in loss of both c-Src and arrestin co-precipitation and significantly decreased ERK1/2 activation.	Alanine	43-50	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	83-88
17038311-12	2006	Subsequently, we identified and mutated to alanine four proline-rich motifs in the PTH1R distal C terminus, which resulted in loss of both c-Src and arrestin co-precipitation and significantly decreased ERK1/2 activation.	Alanine	43-50	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	139-144
17038311-12	2006	Subsequently, we identified and mutated to alanine four proline-rich motifs in the PTH1R distal C terminus, which resulted in loss of both c-Src and arrestin co-precipitation and significantly decreased ERK1/2 activation.	Alanine	43-50	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	203-209
17124499-7	2006	This effect is greatly decreased by mutation of any of the PDE3A serines 290-292 to alanine in both Xenopus and mouse.	Alanine	84-91	phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	59-64
17140194-3	2006	Replacing an alanine residue in each peptide of PSMA with tryptophan (Trp) to give PSMW generates additional energy via Trp side chain-porphyrin interactions, which enhances the peptide helicity and stability of the His-ligated state.	Alanine	13-20	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	84-87
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	84-87
17176450-2	2006	This results in a single amino acid exchange depending on the closest related allele investigated, whether DRB*1103 codon 74 alanine (GCG) is changed to leucine (CTG) or DRB1*1125 codon 71 arginine (GAG) is replaced with glutamic acid.	Alanine	125-132	glucagon	Homo sapiens	134-137
16990263-6	2006	Here we report the 1.75A high-resolution three-dimensional crystal structure of AGT from the mosquito Aedes aegypti (AeAGT) and structures of its complexes with reactants glyoxylic acid and alanine at 1.75 and 2.1A resolution, respectively.	Alanine	190-197	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	80-83
16990263-7	2006	This is the first time that the three-dimensional crystal structures of an AGT with its amino acceptor, glyoxylic acid, and amino donor, alanine, have been determined.	Alanine	137-144	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	75-78
17076683-0	2006	Low doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta diminish hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine in vivo.	Alanine	102-109	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	46-63
16966328-3	2006	In the present study, the homologous serines of both nNOS (Ser-1176) and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser-942) were mutated to threonine and alanine.	Alanine	154-161	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	73-106
16977444-1	2006	Recent study revealed that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a novel photosensitizer (ATX-S10(Na)) shows more potent effects for various skin diseases than ALA-PDT.	Alanine	154-157	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
16981237-0	2006	Importance of individual side chains for the stability of a protein fold: computational alanine scanning of the insulin monomer.	Alanine	88-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
17065690-7	2006	In subjects with the homozygous Ala/Ala genotype, fasting insulin was significantly lower compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P = 0.040, N(Ala/Ala) = 154).	Alanine	36-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17065690-9	2006	Only in selected subgroups, such as Caucasians and obese subjects, did we see an association of the Ala allele with greater BMI and greater insulin sensitivity.	Alanine	100-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
17065690-7	2006	In subjects with the homozygous Ala/Ala genotype, fasting insulin was significantly lower compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P = 0.040, N(Ala/Ala) = 154).	Alanine	32-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17065690-11	2006	Meta-analysis of Ala/Ala homozygotes more clearly demonstrated the association with greater insulin sensitivity of carriers of the Ala allele.	Alanine	17-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
17065690-7	2006	In subjects with the homozygous Ala/Ala genotype, fasting insulin was significantly lower compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P = 0.040, N(Ala/Ala) = 154).	Alanine	36-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17065690-7	2006	In subjects with the homozygous Ala/Ala genotype, fasting insulin was significantly lower compared with the Pro/Pro genotype (P = 0.040, N(Ala/Ala) = 154).	Alanine	36-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17065690-11	2006	Meta-analysis of Ala/Ala homozygotes more clearly demonstrated the association with greater insulin sensitivity of carriers of the Ala allele.	Alanine	21-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
17065690-11	2006	Meta-analysis of Ala/Ala homozygotes more clearly demonstrated the association with greater insulin sensitivity of carriers of the Ala allele.	Alanine	21-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
16930633-5	2006	Furthermore, [Ala(11,22,28)]VIP and maxadilan were selective hVPAC(1)R and hPAC(1)R agonists, respectively, and although R3P65 had no demonstrable hVPAC(2)R selectivity, these compounds exhibited comparable reductions in [Ca(2+)](i) EC(50) values.	Alanine	14-17	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	28-31
16940182-5	2006	Compared to the wild-type form, Chk2 with alanine substitutions at S19, S33, and S35 (Chk2(S3A)) showed impaired dimerization, defective auto- and trans-phosphorylation activities, and reduced ability to promote degradation of Hdmx, a phosphorylation target of Chk2 and regulator of p53 activity.	Alanine	42-49	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	283-286
16883574-1	2006	Analysis of a collection of human breast cancers (n = 150), enriched in ERBB2-positive cases (n = 57) and involving tumor genotyping relative to population-matched blood genotyping (n = 749) for a common ERBB2 single nucleotide polymorphism Ala(G)1170Pro(C), revealed that ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer is invariably monoallelic.	Alanine	241-244	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	204-209
16883574-1	2006	Analysis of a collection of human breast cancers (n = 150), enriched in ERBB2-positive cases (n = 57) and involving tumor genotyping relative to population-matched blood genotyping (n = 749) for a common ERBB2 single nucleotide polymorphism Ala(G)1170Pro(C), revealed that ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer is invariably monoallelic.	Alanine	241-244	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	204-209
16887887-7	2006	Mutation of these residues into Ala (5A FSH-R) significantly reduced the stability of FSH-induced beta-arrestin 1 and 2 interaction when compared with the wild-type receptor.	Alanine	32-35	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	98-119
16930633-5	2006	Furthermore, [Ala(11,22,28)]VIP and maxadilan were selective hVPAC(1)R and hPAC(1)R agonists, respectively, and although R3P65 had no demonstrable hVPAC(2)R selectivity, these compounds exhibited comparable reductions in [Ca(2+)](i) EC(50) values.	Alanine	14-17	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	61-70
16920721-4	2006	Here we demonstrated that overexpression of GRK2 mutated at the clathrin-binding motif with alanine (GRK2-5A) results in inhibition of phosphorylation and internalization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR).	Alanine	92-99	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
16943206-2	2006	The P450(cam) L244A crystal structure solved in the absence of any ligand reveals that the I-helix is displaced inwards by over 1 A in response to the cavity created by the change from leucine to alanine.	Alanine	196-203	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	4-13
16797105-6	2006	Inhibition of thrombin, amounting to a 63.3% and 36.7% reduction in the rate of fibrin formation, was noted for cyclo(His-Ala) and cyclo(His-Gly), respectively.	Alanine	122-125	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	14-22
16920721-4	2006	Here we demonstrated that overexpression of GRK2 mutated at the clathrin-binding motif with alanine (GRK2-5A) results in inhibition of phosphorylation and internalization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR).	Alanine	92-99	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
16940988-3	2006	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: There are three differences in the sequences of P2X(7) cDNA cloned from mouse NTW8 microglial cells or C57 BL/6 mice: [Phe(11),Ala(221),Met(283)]P2X(7) in the former and [Leu(11),Thr(221),Thr(283)]P2X(7) in the latter.	Alanine	150-153	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	71-77
16877378-8	2006	These data provide evidence that within each subunit of EAAT1, Ala-395 in TM7 resides close to a residue at the tip of each re-entrant loop (HP1 and HP2) and that these residues are repositioned relative to one another at different steps in the transport cycle.	Alanine	63-66	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Homo sapiens	56-61
17003105-8	2006	Furthermore, mutation of S230 to alanine increases the mitotic-inducing activity of CDC25B.	Alanine	33-40	cell division cycle 25B	Homo sapiens	84-90
16893894-4	2006	Based upon the random mutagenesis results, we performed an alanine scanning mutagenesis of the TLR2 DD loop and part of the alphaD region.	Alanine	59-66	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
16893894-8	2006	Because this model suggested that steric hindrance would significantly alter the binding interactions between DD loop of TLR2 and BB loop of TLR1, Gly-676 in TLR1 was rationally mutated to Ala and Leu.	Alanine	189-192	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
16893894-8	2006	Because this model suggested that steric hindrance would significantly alter the binding interactions between DD loop of TLR2 and BB loop of TLR1, Gly-676 in TLR1 was rationally mutated to Ala and Leu.	Alanine	189-192	toll like receptor 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
16893894-8	2006	Because this model suggested that steric hindrance would significantly alter the binding interactions between DD loop of TLR2 and BB loop of TLR1, Gly-676 in TLR1 was rationally mutated to Ala and Leu.	Alanine	189-192	toll like receptor 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
16940988-6	2006	KEY RESULTS: Maximum current densities at [Phe(11),Ala(221),Met(283)]P2X(7) were &lt;12% of those at [Leu(11),Thr(221),Thr(283)]P2X(7) without change in the agonist concentration-response.	Alanine	51-54	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7	Mus musculus	69-75
16844694-5	2006	Single alanine replacements for each individual position resulted in a relative receptor affinity of 4.0% (B16), 6.1% (B19), and 0.5% (B27).	Alanine	7-14	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	135-138
16957471-0	2006	A form of autosomal dominant spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is caused by a glycine to alanine substitution in the COL2A1 gene.	Alanine	84-91	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	112-118
16957471-4	2006	We demonstrate that this dysplasia is due to a glycine to alanine substitution in the COL2A1 gene (p.Gly862Ala), thereby expanding the phenotypic spectrum of dysplasias associated with defects in type II collagen.	Alanine	58-65	collagen type II alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	86-92
16899024-5	2006	The SNP in exon 9 results in Asp--&gt;Ala substitution in the proteolytic cleavage site of IL-6Ralpha.	Alanine	38-41	interleukin 6 receptor	Homo sapiens	91-101
16840548-3	2006	We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor is required for its internalization and for the desensitization of the responsiveness to PTH and PTHrP in vitro; the internalization and desensitization response is impaired in a PTH/PTHrP receptor mutant bearing serine to alanine mutations in the phosphate acceptor sites.	Alanine	295-302	parathyroid hormone-like peptide	Mus musculus	57-62
16737443-13	2006	Phosphatase activity of hVps29 was greatly decreased by alanine substitutions of active-site residues that are predicted to co-ordinate metal ions.	Alanine	56-63	VPS29 retromer complex component	Homo sapiens	24-30
16564598-8	2006	In both the diabetic and control populations, subjects carrying allele Ala, as compared to those not, had higher fasting insulin levels and higher HOMA values.	Alanine	71-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
16945585-4	2006	Recombinant "leucine to alanine" (LA) apoE3-NT was produced in E. coli, isolated and characterized.	Alanine	24-31	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	38-43
16778008-5	2006	Furthermore, Schild analysis of an NMDA receptor carrying a threonine-to-alanine point mutation in the NR2A ligand binding site indicated that NVP-AAM077 still acted in a competitive manner but with its K(B) increased by around 15-fold.	Alanine	73-80	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
16837101-2	2006	METHODS: Specific HIF-1alpha polymorphisms were assessed in a series of patients with NSCLC: (a) the C to T transition at nucleotide 1744 (position 2028 according to sequence with accession number , which gives rise to Pro/Ser variation at codon 582), (b) the G to A nucleotide substitution at point 1790 (position 2046 according to sequence with accession number , which gives rise to Ala/Thr variation at codon 588), and (c) the dinucleotide GT repeat polymorphism in intron 13.	Alanine	386-389	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	18-28
16799155-6	2006	Mutation of the phenylalanines of these motifs to alanines resulted in decreased association and phosphorylation of ERF by Erks both in cells and in vitro.	Alanine	22-30	ETS2 repressor factor	Homo sapiens	116-119
16962972-6	2006	Physiological analyses of wild-type AQP1 and a designed mutant in which two arginines of the gating loop are replaced by alanine provide experimental support for identifying a key component of the proposed mechanism.	Alanine	121-128	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	36-40
16728398-4	2006	Here, we demonstrate that its substitution with Ala markedly impairs insulin chain combination in vitro and blocks the folding and secretion of human proinsulin in a transfected mammalian cell line.	Alanine	48-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-160
17299970-10	2006	Gene polymorphisms of PON1 55 Met/Leu, PON2 148 Ala/Gly and MnSOD 9 Ala/Val seemed to involve in the morbidity of CHD by influencing the plasma activities of PON and MnSOD.	Alanine	48-51	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
16925449-0	2006	Binding and stability determinants of the PPARgamma nuclear receptor-coactivator interface as revealed by shotgun alanine scanning and in vivo selection.	Alanine	114-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	42-51
16925449-2	2006	Using shotgun alanine scanning in conjunction with this selection, we analyzed the interaction of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma with two peptides derived from nuclear receptor coactivators SRC1 and TRAP220.	Alanine	14-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	119-128
16728398-7	2006	At the site of substitution, interchain nuclear Overhauser effects are observed between the methyl resonance of Ala(B5) and side chains in the A chain; these nuclear Overhauser effects resemble those characteristic of His(B5) in native insulin.	Alanine	112-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	236-243
16636053-7	2006	Mutations of conserved hydrophobic residues (Ile-120, Ala-123, and Leu-124) located between the two Cys residues in the HCCH motif disrupt binding of the zinc-coordinating region to Cul5 and inhibit APOBEC3G degradation.	Alanine	54-57	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	199-207
16864800-5	2006	Alanine substitution experiments with Mcm2 peptides showed that the phosphorylation of (5)S and (53)S by Cdc7 required the presence of an acidic amino acid adjacent to a serine residue.	Alanine	0-7	cell division cycle 7	Homo sapiens	105-109
16883531-5	2006	RESULTS: Five members of this family were confirmed to have the C to G transition mutation at nucleotide 1642 site within exon 10 of TR beta gene, which was a missense mutation causing the substitution of Proline to Alanine (P453A); and also to have the C to T transition mutation at nucleotide 1020 within exon 7 of TR beta gene, which was a synonymous mutation that didn"t cause the change of amino acid at this position (F245F).	Alanine	216-223	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	133-140
16883531-5	2006	RESULTS: Five members of this family were confirmed to have the C to G transition mutation at nucleotide 1642 site within exon 10 of TR beta gene, which was a missense mutation causing the substitution of Proline to Alanine (P453A); and also to have the C to T transition mutation at nucleotide 1020 within exon 7 of TR beta gene, which was a synonymous mutation that didn"t cause the change of amino acid at this position (F245F).	Alanine	216-223	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	317-324
16819929-8	2006	The activity of the synthetic histatin 5 in which all of the Lys and Arg were substituted by Ala was at the same level as histatin 5.	Alanine	93-96	histatin 3	Homo sapiens	30-40
16800784-7	2006	Finally, we used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to determine if E7-IRF-9 interaction was important for E7-mediated cellular transformation and found that the HPV-16 E7 mutants Y25A, E26A, S31A, S32A, and E35A, but not L28A and N29A, caused loss of transformation ability.	Alanine	17-24	interferon regulatory factor 9	Homo sapiens	65-70
16740633-12	2006	In the absence of T258A and S259A mutations, alanine substitution of all other potential phosphosites within the hNET did not block PKC-induced phosphorylation and down-regulation.	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
16648161-4	2006	To find structural evidence for the AFP"s ice-binding side, a variable-temperature dependent (13)C spin lattice relaxation solid-state NMR experiment was carried out for two Ala side chain (13)C labeled HPLC6 isoforms of the type I AFPs each frozen in H(2)O and D(2)O, respectively.	Alanine	174-177	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	36-39
16648161-9	2006	This study suggests that the side of the alpha-helical AFP comprising the i + 4 and i + 8 Ala methyl groups could interact with the ice surface in the ice/water interface.	Alanine	90-93	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	55-58
16819881-4	2006	The mutant TRbeta(H435A) is nonresponsive to physiological concentrations of T3 but can be activated by the synthetic hormone analogue QH2 which potently activates His435--&gt;Ala mutant at concentrations that do not activate the wild-type receptors TRalpha and TRbeta.	Alanine	176-179	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	11-17
16819881-4	2006	The mutant TRbeta(H435A) is nonresponsive to physiological concentrations of T3 but can be activated by the synthetic hormone analogue QH2 which potently activates His435--&gt;Ala mutant at concentrations that do not activate the wild-type receptors TRalpha and TRbeta.	Alanine	176-179	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	262-268
16818610-5	2006	Inhibition or knockdown of CK2, or exchange of phosphorylatable serines by alanines within the KI of MuSK, impaired acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering, whereas their substitution by residues that imitate constitutive phosphorylation led to aggregation of AChRs even in the presence of CK2 inhibitors.	Alanine	75-83	muscle, skeletal, receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	101-105
16698903-6	2006	Alanine substitutions within the pleckstrin homology-like domain of SUS1 reduced membrane association in E. coli and with plant microsomes in vitro without reducing enzymatic activity.	Alanine	0-7	sucrose synthase 2	Zea mays	68-72
16395703-2	2006	In Poland, there is a common variant of the CDKN2A: an alanine to threonine substitution (A148T), which has been detected in other populations.	Alanine	55-62	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	44-50
16621806-0	2006	NMR and alanine scan studies of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in water.	Alanine	8-15	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	32-76
16621806-7	2006	Six GIP-(1-42)Ala(1-7) analogues were synthesized by replacing individual N-terminal residues with alanine.	Alanine	14-17	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
16621806-7	2006	Six GIP-(1-42)Ala(1-7) analogues were synthesized by replacing individual N-terminal residues with alanine.	Alanine	99-106	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
16621806-8	2006	Alanine scan studies of these N-terminal residues showed that the GIP-(1-42)Ala(6) was the only analogue to show insulin-secreting activity similar to that of the native GIP.	Alanine	0-7	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	66-69
16621806-8	2006	Alanine scan studies of these N-terminal residues showed that the GIP-(1-42)Ala(6) was the only analogue to show insulin-secreting activity similar to that of the native GIP.	Alanine	0-3	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	66-69
16613857-5	2006	Mutagenesis of Runx2 serine-472, a consensus Cdk site, to alanine increases the half-life of Runx2 and causes loss of sensitivity to cyclin D1-induced Runx2 degradation.	Alanine	58-65	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
16613857-5	2006	Mutagenesis of Runx2 serine-472, a consensus Cdk site, to alanine increases the half-life of Runx2 and causes loss of sensitivity to cyclin D1-induced Runx2 degradation.	Alanine	58-65	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
16613857-5	2006	Mutagenesis of Runx2 serine-472, a consensus Cdk site, to alanine increases the half-life of Runx2 and causes loss of sensitivity to cyclin D1-induced Runx2 degradation.	Alanine	58-65	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
16776831-6	2006	RESULTS: Two leucine residues within this previously characterized CLR N-terminus domain, when mutated to alanine and expressed on HEK293T cells stably transfected with RAMP1, demonstrated a significantly decreased binding affinity for CGRP compared to wild type receptor.	Alanine	106-113	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	236-240
16618490-2	2006	The loop spans positions 177 to 191; alanine was introduced into those positions, introducing one alanine substitution per TyrH variant.	Alanine	37-44	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	123-127
16731970-8	2006	Most significantly, residues Phe171 in RdpA and Glu69 in SdpA apparently act by hindering the binding of the wrong enantiomer more than the correct one, as judged by the observed decreases in Km when these side chains are replaced by Ala.	Alanine	234-237	RDPA	Homo sapiens	39-43
16785159-9	2006	When PCOS subjects with the Pro allele and the Ala allele of PPAR-gamma were compared, the latter had lower free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, insulin and C-peptide levels, as well as lower luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, HOMA insulin resistance index, AUCinsulin, Ferriman-Gallwey score, acne, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio.	Alanine	47-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	61-71
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	56-59	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like 2	Homo sapiens	139-144
16508961-1	2006	Computational alanine scanning of a peptide bound to CDK6 protein.	Alanine	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	53-57
16768831-12	2006	This study suggests that ALA stimulates the insulin sensitivity of tissues regardless of corticosterone-dependent metabolism and that the ALA-induced fatty acid metabolism of broilers differs between the liver and adipose tissue.	Alanine	25-28	insulin	Gallus gallus	44-51
16670331-7	2006	MD-2 mutants substituting alanine for Phe(126) or Gly(129) impaired LPS-induced TLR4 clustering, but not LPS binding to TLR4/MD-2, demonstrating that ligand-induced receptor clustering is differentially regulated by MD-2 from ligand binding.	Alanine	26-33	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	68-71
16670331-7	2006	MD-2 mutants substituting alanine for Phe(126) or Gly(129) impaired LPS-induced TLR4 clustering, but not LPS binding to TLR4/MD-2, demonstrating that ligand-induced receptor clustering is differentially regulated by MD-2 from ligand binding.	Alanine	26-33	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	80-84
16634623-9	2006	The use of these results to direct structural studies has resulted in a 1.65 A structure of M(1)-PYK with Ala bound.	Alanine	106-109	phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	97-100
16619031-4	2006	Simultaneous alanine substitution for serine or threonine in all the canonical CDK-phosphorylation motifs severely reduces complex formation between Sld2 and Dpb11, and inhibits DNA replication.	Alanine	13-20	protein kinase activating protein DPB11	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	158-163
16696566-16	2006	The replacement of the catalytic cysteine residue with alanine in the C145A hAGT mutant abolished DEB-induced cross-linking at this site, while the formation of conjugates via neighboring Cys150 was retained.	Alanine	55-62	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	76-80
16651443-9	2006	Alternatively, mutation of YB-1 at Ser(102) &gt; Ala(102) prevented the induction of these receptors and rendered the cells less responsive to EGF.	Alanine	49-52	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
16611886-4	2006	By analyzing the binding of Brd4 to a series of alanine-scanning substitution mutants of the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 N-terminal transactivation domain, we found that amino acids required for Brd4 binding were also required for transcriptional activation but not for viral DNA replication.	Alanine	48-55	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
16564157-4	2006	Alanine mutants of GAD65 based on deduced contact residues were examined for binding with b78 and control sera.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate decarboxylase 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
16641246-6	2006	In contrast, we found the (Gln-Ala)38 repeat is required for the nuclear restriction of exogenous CA150, suggesting that rescue requires nuclear CA150.	Alanine	31-34	transcription elongation regulator 1 (CA150)	Mus musculus	98-103
16641246-6	2006	In contrast, we found the (Gln-Ala)38 repeat is required for the nuclear restriction of exogenous CA150, suggesting that rescue requires nuclear CA150.	Alanine	31-34	transcription elongation regulator 1 (CA150)	Mus musculus	145-150
16618739-10	2006	Interestingly, substitution of maspin p1" site Arg340 in the reactive site loop (RSL) with alanine not only abolished the binding to pro-uPA but also diminished the maspin effects on pro-uPA cleavage and cell detachment.	Alanine	91-98	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	137-140
16606821-5	2006	Alanine substitution of the corresponding aspartic acid in Insig-2 produced the same dual defects.	Alanine	0-7	insulin induced gene 2	Homo sapiens	59-66
16618739-10	2006	Interestingly, substitution of maspin p1" site Arg340 in the reactive site loop (RSL) with alanine not only abolished the binding to pro-uPA but also diminished the maspin effects on pro-uPA cleavage and cell detachment.	Alanine	91-98	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	187-190
16584196-12	2006	Both the Lys 79 --&gt; Ala and Asn 52 --&gt; Gly mutations are expected to affect the buried hydrogen bond network of cytochrome c, suggesting that this network is an important modulator of the acid unfolding of cytochrome c.	Alanine	23-26	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	118-130
16459334-5	2006	By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis we identified a dilysine sequence (Lys(212)-Lys(216)) proximal to the transmembrane domain (TMD) that is important for both alpha-chain cell-surface expression and intracellular stability.	Alanine	14-21	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	167-178
16584196-12	2006	Both the Lys 79 --&gt; Ala and Asn 52 --&gt; Gly mutations are expected to affect the buried hydrogen bond network of cytochrome c, suggesting that this network is an important modulator of the acid unfolding of cytochrome c.	Alanine	23-26	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	212-224
16584196-1	2006	The kinetics and thermodynamics of the alkaline and acid conformational transitions of a Lys 79 --&gt; Ala/Asn 52 --&gt; Gly (A79G52) variant of iso-1-cytochrome c are studied.	Alanine	103-106	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	151-163
16476445-0	2006	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of Abeta(1-40) amyloid fibril stability.	Alanine	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	32-37
16476445-1	2006	We describe here an alanine scanning mutational analysis of the Abeta(1-40) amyloid fibril monitored by fibril elongation thermodynamics derived from critical concentration values for fibril growth.	Alanine	20-27	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	64-69
16476445-2	2006	Alanine replacement of most residues in the amyloid core region, residues 15-36, leads to destabilization of the elongation step, compared to wild-type, by about 1kcal/mol, consistent with a major role for hydrophobic packing in Abeta(1-40) fibril assembly.	Alanine	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	229-234
16476445-4	2006	We utilize these Ala-WT DeltaDeltaG values to filter previously described Pro-WT DeltaDeltaG values, creating Pro-Ala DeltaDeltaG values that specifically assess the sensitivity of a sequence position, in the structural context of the Abeta fibril, to replacement by proline.	Alanine	17-20	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	235-240
16600022-5	2006	RESULTS: C/EBPalpha represses the IGFBP1 thymine-rich insulin response element (TIRE), but mutation of T222 or T226 of C/EBPalpha to non-phosphorylatable alanines has no effect on C/EBPalpha activity in liver cells (towards the TIRE or a consensus C/EBP binding sequence).	Alanine	154-162	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	119-129
16600022-5	2006	RESULTS: C/EBPalpha represses the IGFBP1 thymine-rich insulin response element (TIRE), but mutation of T222 or T226 of C/EBPalpha to non-phosphorylatable alanines has no effect on C/EBPalpha activity in liver cells (towards the TIRE or a consensus C/EBP binding sequence).	Alanine	154-162	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	119-129
16600022-8	2006	Meanwhile C/EBPalpha activity in 3T3 L1 preadipocytes was enhanced by mutation of T222/T226 and/or S230 to alanine residues.	Alanine	107-114	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	10-20
16622285-4	2006	Using a site-directed mutagenesis strategy, we first generated a gene coding for a new type of mutant of human IL-2 (MhIL-2), in which we replaced the cysteine-125 in human IL-2 with alanine, the leucine-18 with methionine, and the leucine-19 with serine.	Alanine	183-190	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
16622285-4	2006	Using a site-directed mutagenesis strategy, we first generated a gene coding for a new type of mutant of human IL-2 (MhIL-2), in which we replaced the cysteine-125 in human IL-2 with alanine, the leucine-18 with methionine, and the leucine-19 with serine.	Alanine	183-190	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
16510504-5	2006	Furthermore, heterozygous mutation of all nine tyrosines to alanine created an allele with a strong dominant-negative-like activity in vivo: ES cell&lt;--&gt;embryo chimaeras bearing the heterozygous mutation died before term with cardiac malformations similar to the more severe anomalies seen in NKX2.5 mutant families.	Alanine	60-67	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	298-304
16415113-8	2006	Although conservative mutation of Tyr(568) in TM10 to Phe or Trp had no apparent effect on substrate specificity, substitution with Ala decreased the affinity of MRP1 for E(2)17betaG without affecting drug resistance or the transport of other substrates tested.	Alanine	132-135	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
16489533-5	2006	RESULTS: We observed a non-statistically significant inverse association between any Ala COX-2 genotype and risk of colon cancer (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.16) among African Americans.	Alanine	85-88	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	89-94
16623712-5	2006	In particular, the fluorogenic substrate Mca-Ala-Ser-Asp-Lys-DpaOH was shown to be a strict N-domain-selective substrate of mouse ACE, whereas with rat ACE it displayed marked C-domain selectivity.	Alanine	45-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
16567542-3	2006	In subjects normoglycemic at baseline (n = 3,498), the 6-year risk of hyperglycemia was lower in PPARG Ala carriers (odds ratio [OR] vs. ProPro = 0.66 [95% CI 0.44-0.99], P = 0.046 adjusted for sex, age, and BMI).	Alanine	103-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-102
16567542-6	2006	The baseline mean fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were lower in Ala carriers compared with ProPro homozygotes (P = 0.001 for both), with smaller increases in mean insulin and HOMA-IR during follow-up (P = 0.007 and 0.018, respectively).	Alanine	113-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
16567542-6	2006	The baseline mean fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were lower in Ala carriers compared with ProPro homozygotes (P = 0.001 for both), with smaller increases in mean insulin and HOMA-IR during follow-up (P = 0.007 and 0.018, respectively).	Alanine	113-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
16494630-8	2006	Increased concentrations of the nonglucose insulin secretagogues triglyceride (+124%), alanine (+35%) and glucagon (+88%), and also lactate (+96%) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (+62%) were observed in the 10 LIPO patients with aberrations in FISR and ISREG0-10 min compared with the remaining HIV-infected patients (all P&lt;0.05).	Alanine	87-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
16494630-9	2006	CONCLUSION: Plasma triglyceride, alanine, glucagon, lactate and TNF-alpha may be associated with alterations in the first-phase prehepatic insulin secretion response to intravenous glucose in normoglycaemic lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients.	Alanine	33-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
16494630-0	2006	Glucose-stimulated prehepatic insulin secretion is associated with circulating alanine, triglyceride, glucagon, lactate and TNF-alpha in patients with HIV-lipodystrophy.	Alanine	79-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
16439367-5	2006	Preventing phosphorylation of these residues by mutating both to alanine decreases PMA-dependent LRH-1 transactivation and mimicking phosphorylation by mutation to positively charged aspartate residues increases basal transactivation.	Alanine	65-72	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
16457841-0	2006	Kinetic computational alanine scanning: application to p53 oligomerization.	Alanine	22-29	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	55-58
16431218-2	2006	Substituting smaller amino acids (alanine [Ala (A)] or glycine [Gly (G)]) for glutamine [Gln (Q)] in subdomain V drastically increased the susceptibility of ERK1/2 to 1-naphthyl PP1 (1NA-PP1).	Alanine	34-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	157-163
16303763-1	2006	A predicted alanine to proline substitution in Stat5b that results in profound short stature, growth hormone insensitivity, and immunodeficiency represents the first natural mutation of this transcription factor in a human.	Alanine	12-19	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	94-108
16407298-7	2006	Unexpectedly, mTOR proteins with those conserved leucines mutated to alanines were unable to enter the nucleus.	Alanine	69-77	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	14-18
16373345-3	2006	Here we have analyzed and compared the binding epitopes on VEGF for these three antibodies using alanine-scanning mutagenesis and structural analyses.	Alanine	97-104	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	59-63
16368689-8	2006	Similar structural studies performed on full-length 220-kDa ankyrin-B harboring alanine substitutions, (1597)AAA(1599), reveal a more extended conformation compared with wild-type ankyrin-B.	Alanine	80-87	ankyrin 2	Homo sapiens	60-69
16368689-8	2006	Similar structural studies performed on full-length 220-kDa ankyrin-B harboring alanine substitutions, (1597)AAA(1599), reveal a more extended conformation compared with wild-type ankyrin-B.	Alanine	80-87	ankyrin 2	Homo sapiens	180-189
16499494-3	2006	We previously demonstrated that a phenylalanine to alanine mutation in the third transmembrane domain (TM3) of the NR1 subunit decreased the ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptors expressed in HEK293 cells.	Alanine	40-47	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
16249382-7	2006	Strikingly, individual substitution of K507 or W508 to alanine also induces constitutive TpoR activation, indicating that the K and W residues within the amphipathic KWQFP motif are crucial for maintaining the unliganded receptor inactive.	Alanine	55-62	MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	89-93
16513984-2	2006	Here, we show that the protein tyrosine kinase Src arginine-388--&gt;alanine (R388A) mutant can be rescued in live cells with the use of the small molecule imidazole.	Alanine	69-76	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	47-50
16499494-11	2006	Alanine mutations at TM4 positions 813 (M813A) and 819 (L819A), but not at 817 (F817A), of the NR1 subunit enhanced ethanol inhibition.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
16492054-5	2006	In peptide 2, the antiparallel registry is maintained, with the formation of a (D)Pro-(L)Pro-(D)Ala loop, stabilized by a 5--&gt;1 hydrogen bond between Val3 CO and Leu7 NH groups (C(13), alpha-turn) and a 3--&gt;1 hydrogen bond between (D)Pro4 CO and (d)Ala6 NH groups (C(7), gamma-turn).	Alanine	96-99	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
16102831-0	2006	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the chemokine receptor CCR3 reveals distinct extracellular residues involved in recognition of the eotaxin family of chemokines.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	131-138
16501124-8	2006	Mutant Vif molecules in which Ala was substituted for Trp79 and, to a lesser extent, for Trp11 remained competent for A3G interaction and its suppression; however, they were defective for A3F interaction and therefore could not efficiently suppress the antiviral activity of A3F.	Alanine	30-33	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G	Homo sapiens	118-121
16481406-5	2006	The FOXE1 polyalanine tract shows marked variation in its length between POF patients and normal controls, existing as an allele of 12, 14, 16, 17 or 19 alanine residues.	Alanine	14-21	POF1B actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	73-76
16362369-12	2006	Moreover, the replacement of the two in vivo phosphorylated Ser(200) and Ser(203) by alanines led to a mutated protein with reduced protein interactions and a weaker complementation ability towards knr4 null mutant phenotypes.	Alanine	85-93	Smi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	198-202
16456618-2	2006	Here, we describe a new AR variant found in a hormone-refractory metastatic PCa, in which threonine 575 in the DNA binding domain, and threonine 877 in the ligand-binding domain, were both replaced by an alanine.	Alanine	204-211	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	24-26
16479008-5	2006	Mutation of these serine residues to alanine or inhibition of Mnk1 activity increases the rate of ligand-induced degradation of hSpry2.	Alanine	37-44	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2	Homo sapiens	128-134
16316992-6	2006	Full-length beta1AR robustly associated with full-length MAGI-3 in cells, and this association was abolished by mutation of the beta1AR terminal valine residue to alanine (V477A), as determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and immunofluorescence co-localization studies.	Alanine	163-170	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	57-63
16210695-3	2006	TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) is known to cleave TNF at the Ala-76-Val-77 site.	Alanine	65-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
16309674-2	2006	There is evidence that mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene are implicated in about 20% of familiar ALS and transgenic mice overexpressing the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (GLY(93) --&gt; ALA) mutation show an ALS-like phenotype.	Alanine	211-214	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	40-66
16309674-2	2006	There is evidence that mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene are implicated in about 20% of familiar ALS and transgenic mice overexpressing the human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (GLY(93) --&gt; ALA) mutation show an ALS-like phenotype.	Alanine	211-214	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	68-72
16291740-5	2006	Mechanistically, we showed that conversion of a minimal four of these lysines to alanines but not arginines mimics p300-mediated p53 nuclear export, and these lysine-neutralizing mutations effectively prevent p53 tetramerization, thus exposing the oligomerization-regulated nuclear export signal.	Alanine	81-89	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	129-132
16412021-6	2006	Thrombin residues that are important for ATA binding were identified using a library of 53 recombinant thrombin variants encompassing alanine substitutions of 78 surface-exposed residues.	Alanine	134-141	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
16300841-5	2006	All the representative amebic Ras and Rho/Rac small GTPases with phenylalanine, leucine, methionine, or alanine terminus were preferentially geranylgeranylated by EhGGT-I.	Alanine	71-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
16439554-5	2006	Microinjection of modified EBNA-1 NLS peptide-inserted proteins and NLS peptides cross-linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed that Ala substitution for three NLS Ser residues reduced the efficiency of nuclear import.	Alanine	136-139	albumin	Homo sapiens	104-117
16436205-2	2006	Mice expressing a glycine --&gt; alanine substitution in cytosolic Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (G93A-SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) demonstrate age-dependent neuroinflammation associated with broad-spectrum cytokine, eicosanoid and oxidant production.	Alanine	33-40	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	101-105
16291740-5	2006	Mechanistically, we showed that conversion of a minimal four of these lysines to alanines but not arginines mimics p300-mediated p53 nuclear export, and these lysine-neutralizing mutations effectively prevent p53 tetramerization, thus exposing the oligomerization-regulated nuclear export signal.	Alanine	81-89	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	209-212
16405741-2	2006	Polymorphisms of ADPRT 762Val--&gt;Ala and XRCC1 399Arg--&gt;Gln have been verified to associate with altered protein function and BER activity.	Alanine	35-38	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
16339216-7	2006	A non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant with an alanine substitution at residue T310 does not interact with Plk1, whereas a non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant at residue S332 in conjunction with alanine mutations at the other CDC2/cyclin B1 sites (T417, S584 and T1047) does not impact hamartin binding to Plk1.	Alanine	47-54	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	23-31
16339216-7	2006	A non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant with an alanine substitution at residue T310 does not interact with Plk1, whereas a non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant at residue S332 in conjunction with alanine mutations at the other CDC2/cyclin B1 sites (T417, S584 and T1047) does not impact hamartin binding to Plk1.	Alanine	196-203	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
16339216-7	2006	A non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant with an alanine substitution at residue T310 does not interact with Plk1, whereas a non-phosphorylatable hamartin mutant at residue S332 in conjunction with alanine mutations at the other CDC2/cyclin B1 sites (T417, S584 and T1047) does not impact hamartin binding to Plk1.	Alanine	196-203	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-152
16314154-6	2006	The transformation of four Ser glycosylation sites to Ala on the CGC sequence also lengthened the plasma half-life of Epo, indicating that the in vivo stabilizing effect of the hCG peptide was due to both structures within the peptide itself and its O-glycosylations.	Alanine	54-57	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	118-121
16286470-3	2006	Active ERK2 docking to the DEF motif (FXFP, residues 339-342) of N-terminally truncated MKP-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the Ser(296)/Ser(323) domain, which was not affected by substituting Ala for Ser at Ser(359)/Ser(364).	Alanine	201-204	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
16286470-3	2006	Active ERK2 docking to the DEF motif (FXFP, residues 339-342) of N-terminally truncated MKP-1 in vitro initiated phosphorylation at the Ser(296)/Ser(323) domain, which was not affected by substituting Ala for Ser at Ser(359)/Ser(364).	Alanine	201-204	dual specificity phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
16696441-4	2006	Fifty-six days incubation of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, used as model proteins, with 500 mM D-fructose at 25 and 37 degrees C led to a complete inhibition of ALT and AST activities.	Alanine	29-36	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	180-183
16405741-6	2006	RESULTS: The subjects having the ADPRT Ala/Ala genotype had an OR of 2.07 (95% CI=1.33-3.21; P=0.001) compared with those having the Val/Val genotype.	Alanine	39-42	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
16405741-6	2006	RESULTS: The subjects having the ADPRT Ala/Ala genotype had an OR of 2.07 (95% CI=1.33-3.21; P=0.001) compared with those having the Val/Val genotype.	Alanine	43-46	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
16405741-8	2006	CONCLUSION: The ADPRT 762Val--&gt;Ala polymorphism plays an important role in the development of gastric cancer, and the XRCC1 399Arg--&gt;Gln polymorphism may serve as a risk modifier.	Alanine	34-37	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
16365105-2	2006	BCAA oxidation provides energy for muscle and other organs and is the precursor for amino acid synthesis to replenish alanine and glutamine depleted in catabolic states.	Alanine	118-125	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	0-4
17106577-4	2006	We found that the ability of peptides to block Abeta channel activity could be lost by replacement of histidines 13 and 14 by alanine or lysine.	Alanine	126-133	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-52
16365408-5	2006	A potential GAG-binding site was found in the C-terminal region of DcR3, and the mutation of three basic residues, i.e., K256, R258, and R259, to alanines abolished its ability to trigger cell adhesion.	Alanine	146-154	TNF receptor superfamily member 6b	Homo sapiens	67-71
17065070-4	2006	The alanine at position 85 was not conserved in other eukaryotic beta-ureidopropionase protein sequences.	Alanine	4-11	beta-ureidopropionase 1	Homo sapiens	65-86
16288922-7	2005	Moreover, our structure-based analysis reveals that individual mutation of the conserved Arg294 and Arg295 that likely comprise the phosphothreonine-binding pocket in PAC-1 to either alanine or lysine results in a nearly complete loss of its phosphatase activity even in the presence of ERK2.	Alanine	183-190	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	287-291
16141208-8	2005	Substitution with alanine of the P(2) residue, Trp(3), converted upain-1 into a distinct, although poor, uPA substrate.	Alanine	18-25	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	105-108
16169851-8	2005	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of HVEM was used to further define critical binding residues.	Alanine	0-7	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	32-36
16160139-4	2005	We confirm that the interaction of RGS3 with 14-3-3tau and 14-3-3zeta requires Ser264 and not the RGS domain and show both that mutation of the conserved RGS domain serine, Ser496 in RGS3, to either alanine or aspartate does not prevent binding of 14-3-3 proteins and that 14-3-3 proteins do not inhibit GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity against receptor-activated Galpha(o1).	Alanine	199-206	regulator of G protein signaling 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
16160139-4	2005	We confirm that the interaction of RGS3 with 14-3-3tau and 14-3-3zeta requires Ser264 and not the RGS domain and show both that mutation of the conserved RGS domain serine, Ser496 in RGS3, to either alanine or aspartate does not prevent binding of 14-3-3 proteins and that 14-3-3 proteins do not inhibit GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity against receptor-activated Galpha(o1).	Alanine	199-206	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	35-38
16160139-4	2005	We confirm that the interaction of RGS3 with 14-3-3tau and 14-3-3zeta requires Ser264 and not the RGS domain and show both that mutation of the conserved RGS domain serine, Ser496 in RGS3, to either alanine or aspartate does not prevent binding of 14-3-3 proteins and that 14-3-3 proteins do not inhibit GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity against receptor-activated Galpha(o1).	Alanine	199-206	regulator of G protein signaling 3	Homo sapiens	183-187
16289958-2	2005	Transgenic expression of a mutated insulin message (alanine rather than tyrosine at insulin B chain amino acid 16) was variably induced in thymus of four transgenic founder strains.	Alanine	52-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
16274242-0	2005	Thermodynamics and kinetics of formation of the alkaline state of a Lys 79--&gt;Ala/Lys 73--&gt;His variant of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	80-83	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	117-129
16157585-5	2005	The changing of Ile-383 and Gln-385 in toxin B to serine and alanine, respectively, largely increased the acceptance of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as a sugar donor for modification of RhoA.	Alanine	61-68	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	181-185
16129678-5	2005	Unexpectedly, after acute insulin stimulation, we observed that phosphorylation of Ser(318) is not inhibitory but rather enhances insulin signal transduction because introduction of Ala(318) led to a reduction of the insulin-stimulated Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation.	Alanine	182-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
16129678-5	2005	Unexpectedly, after acute insulin stimulation, we observed that phosphorylation of Ser(318) is not inhibitory but rather enhances insulin signal transduction because introduction of Ala(318) led to a reduction of the insulin-stimulated Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation.	Alanine	182-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
16373326-6	2005	When expressed heterologously in a mammalian cell line, rabbit PAT1 mediates pH-dependent, Na(+)-independent uptake of proline, glycine, l-alanine and alpha-(methylamino)isobutyric acid.	Alanine	137-146	proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-67
16215634-3	2005	Previous work showed that Ala replacement of B8Gly significantly decreased both the activity and the foldability of insulin.	Alanine	26-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
16200502-5	2005	A clustered-charge-to-alanine scan mutagenesis revealed two regions of Cln3 important for Cln3-dependent viability.	Alanine	22-29	cyclin CLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-75
16200502-5	2005	A clustered-charge-to-alanine scan mutagenesis revealed two regions of Cln3 important for Cln3-dependent viability.	Alanine	22-29	cyclin CLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-94
16200502-10	2005	Alanine substitutions introduced into the HPD of Cln3 and Cln2 show functional defects while maintaining physical interaction with Cdc28 as measured by co-immunoprecipitation assay.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin CLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
16236155-6	2005	Mutation of a conserved tyrosine (Y717) to alanine in the GRIP domain disrupted Golgi localization.	Alanine	43-50	Golgi-localized GRIP domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
16115890-11	2005	Mutation of Leu-2.60 to alanine selectively increased the EC(50) of the sn-2 acetyl-LPA regioisomers, whereas alanine replacement of Val-7.39 profoundly affected both regioisomers.	Alanine	24-31	deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
16096279-5	2005	The Ser730 --&gt; Ala mutant of ACE was not phosphorylated, but it still bound calmodulin, and its cleavage secretion was enhanced by both CaMI and PMA.	Alanine	18-21	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	32-35
16096279-5	2005	The Ser730 --&gt; Ala mutant of ACE was not phosphorylated, but it still bound calmodulin, and its cleavage secretion was enhanced by both CaMI and PMA.	Alanine	18-21	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	79-89
16096279-5	2005	The Ser730 --&gt; Ala mutant of ACE was not phosphorylated, but it still bound calmodulin, and its cleavage secretion was enhanced by both CaMI and PMA.	Alanine	18-21	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
16083423-9	2005	Mutation of Ser325 in OSR1 to alanine or glutamic acid did not affect the basal activity of OSR1 or its ability to be activated by WNK1.	Alanine	30-37	odd-skipped related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
16316841-6	2005	A significantly different allele distribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma was observed between the two groups, with the frequency of the variant Ala isoform being significantly reduced in the first-degree relatives of PCOS subjects (10.8%, 13 subjects) compared with the control group (22.5%, 18 subjects).	Alanine	58-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	78-88
16162643-3	2005	Alanine substitution of lysine residues demonstrated that two out of six lysine residues, Lys13 and Lys96, are required for lysozyme sweetness, while the remaining four lysine residues do not play a significant role in the perception of sweetness.	Alanine	0-7	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	124-132
16162643-5	2005	Single alanine substitutions of arginine residues showed that three arginine residues, Arg14, Arg21, and Arg73, play significant roles in lysozyme sweetness, whereas Arg45, Arg68, Arg125 and chemical modification by 1,2-cyclohexanedione did not affect sweetness.	Alanine	7-14	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	138-146
16024663-4	2005	Here, we used site-directed Ala mutagenesis to scan residues of the Kv1.5 pore to define the binding site for Kvbeta1.3 subunits.	Alanine	28-31	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	68-73
16272137-7	2005	Epitope mapping analysis using two kinds of random peptide-displaying phage libraries and an IL-18 alanine mutant (D98A) demonstrated that the h18-108 scFv binds to the site 3 of IL-18, which is suggested to be an association site with the IL-18 receptor beta.	Alanine	99-106	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	151-155
15994369-6	2005	However, two simplified analogs [(Ala(2,8,9,16,19,24))VIP and (Ala(2,8,9,16,19,24,25))VIP] retained high affinity and potency for both hVPACs.	Alanine	34-37	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	54-57
15994369-6	2005	However, two simplified analogs [(Ala(2,8,9,16,19,24))VIP and (Ala(2,8,9,16,19,24,25))VIP] retained high affinity and potency for both hVPACs.	Alanine	63-66	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
15994369-7	2005	125I-[Ala(2,8,9,16,19,24,25)]VIP was much more metabolically stable than 125I-VIP.	Alanine	6-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	29-32
16179605-5	2005	We found that mutation of the conserved arginine at position 179 of the PLD1 PX domain to lysine or to alanine (R179A or R179K, respectively) disrupts PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding.	Alanine	103-110	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	72-76
15666037-5	2005	We found that PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism influenced plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol/ cholesterol ratios in AD patients in that carriers of the Ala allele presented with higher ratios than homozygote carriers of the Pro-allele.	Alanine	29-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-23
16027151-11	2005	Ala substitution of these residues eliminated Ig5-FN1 polysialylation but not that of full-length NCAM, suggesting that the two proteins are interacting differently with the enzymes and that multiple residues are involved in the enzyme-NCAM interaction.	Alanine	0-3	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
16185297-7	2005	By polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct DNA sequencing, a heterozygous c-kit missense mutation at nucleotide 1676 of codon 559 (T --&gt; C, Val --&gt; Ala), part of the juxtamembrane domain, was detected in the normal tissue.	Alanine	200-203	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	120-125
16199882-6	2005	Ser675 was found to be a site for phosphorylation by PKA, and substitution of this serine residue with alanine in beta-catenin attenuated inhibition of the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by PKA, PKA-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, and PKA-dependent activation of Tcf.	Alanine	103-110	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	270-273
15843439-6	2005	When TRPC5 current was activated by intracellular GTPgammaS, PKC inhibitors prevented TRPC5 desensitization and the mutation of TRPC5 T972 to alanine slowed the desensitization process dramatically.	Alanine	142-149	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	5-10
16033761-8	2005	In contrast, the BACE-LL/AA mutant, in which Leu(499) and Leu(500) in the COOH-terminal sequence (DDISLLK) were replaced by alanines, only partially co-localized with LAMP2-positive compartments following inhibition of lysosomal hydrolases.	Alanine	124-132	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
15843439-6	2005	When TRPC5 current was activated by intracellular GTPgammaS, PKC inhibitors prevented TRPC5 desensitization and the mutation of TRPC5 T972 to alanine slowed the desensitization process dramatically.	Alanine	142-149	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	86-91
15843439-6	2005	When TRPC5 current was activated by intracellular GTPgammaS, PKC inhibitors prevented TRPC5 desensitization and the mutation of TRPC5 T972 to alanine slowed the desensitization process dramatically.	Alanine	142-149	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	86-91
16160913-2	2005	Among the TNF family members, BLyS is unique in that it contains an unpaired Cys residue (Cys146) at the corresponding position where some other members have about 37.5% (6/16) Ala or 37.5% (6/16) Val.	Alanine	177-180	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	10-13
15955806-5	2005	Using mutant forms of K(V)1.4 with Ala-Ser/Thr substitutions in a potential PKA phosphorylation site, C-terminal phosphorylation was shown to be linked to GIP-mediated current amplitude decreases.	Alanine	35-38	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	155-158
16092934-3	2005	Alanine mutants of endogenous hNET cysteines, hC86A, hC131A and hC339A, were examined and showed no marked effects on expression or function.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
16107707-9	2005	Mutation of these sites to alanine alleviates the cdk1-induced dissociation of Maskin from eIF4E.	Alanine	27-34	transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-85
16107722-1	2005	Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) has been identified with unusual pore-forming NPA (asparagine-proline-alanine) boxes, but its function is unknown.	Alanine	91-98	aquaporin 11	Mus musculus	0-12
16107722-1	2005	Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) has been identified with unusual pore-forming NPA (asparagine-proline-alanine) boxes, but its function is unknown.	Alanine	91-98	aquaporin 11	Mus musculus	14-19
16257919-6	2005	Finally, a mutation type (Arg--&gt;Ala at point 338) that can increase the clotting activity of hFIX as well as the potential application was briefly introduced.	Alanine	35-38	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	96-100
16135236-5	2005	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify YscF mutants that secrete virulence proteins in the presence and absence of calcium and prior to contact with a eukaryotic cell.	Alanine	0-7	type III secretion protein	Yersinia pestis	50-54
16014962-4	2005	By changing phosphorylated amino acids to alanines and aspartates, we have mapped the phosphorylated sites of NS2 to two serine residues at positions 249 and 259.	Alanine	42-50	NS2	Homo sapiens	110-113
16201876-7	2005	Using soluble recombinant human TNFalpha, we identified Val(93)-Ala(94) and Val(117)-Glu(118) as the NE cleavage sites within the sTNFalpha molecule.	Alanine	64-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-40
16042408-7	2005	Mutation of T129 or S179 to alanine prevented heterodimerization of PPARalpha with RXRalpha, lowered the level of phosphorylation by PKCalpha and PKCdelta in vitro, and lowered the level of phosphorylation of transfected PPARalpha in transfected cells.	Alanine	28-35	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	83-91
15997205-11	2005	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of thirteen lysine residues in ASM demonstrated that 93lysine residue plays a critical role in ASM targeting since the K93A mutant had reduced intracellular activity, but enhanced secreted activity that was zinc responsive.	Alanine	0-7	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
15997205-11	2005	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of thirteen lysine residues in ASM demonstrated that 93lysine residue plays a critical role in ASM targeting since the K93A mutant had reduced intracellular activity, but enhanced secreted activity that was zinc responsive.	Alanine	0-7	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
15741239-6	2005	L-Glycine or L-alanine mimicked the effect of glucose on basal leptin secretion but completely prevented stimulation by insulin.	Alanine	13-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
15923186-3	2005	Using a panel of 79 Ala mutants, we have mapped for the first time the epitopes of thrombin recognizing a macromolecular ligand, hirudin, in the S and F forms.	Alanine	20-23	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	83-91
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	111-114	Cd48 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	122-125	Cd48 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
15857837-0	2005	Shotgun alanine scanning shows that growth hormone can bind productively to its receptor through a drastically minimized interface.	Alanine	8-15	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	36-50
15950946-3	2005	A MORi3 peptide with a Lys &gt; Ala substitution--shown to reduce CaM-binding of intact MOR--bound fivefold less avidly than the wild-type peptide.	Alanine	32-35	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
15952796-7	2005	Replacing Ser(150) and Ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human Grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	37-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
15953352-4	2005	CHT1 internalization is controlled by an atypical carboxyl-terminal dileucine-like motif (L531, V532) which, upon replacement by alanine residues, blocks CHT1 internalization in both human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary cortical neurons and results in both increased CHT1 cell surface expression and choline transport activity.	Alanine	129-136	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-4
15953352-4	2005	CHT1 internalization is controlled by an atypical carboxyl-terminal dileucine-like motif (L531, V532) which, upon replacement by alanine residues, blocks CHT1 internalization in both human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary cortical neurons and results in both increased CHT1 cell surface expression and choline transport activity.	Alanine	129-136	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	154-158
15953352-4	2005	CHT1 internalization is controlled by an atypical carboxyl-terminal dileucine-like motif (L531, V532) which, upon replacement by alanine residues, blocks CHT1 internalization in both human embryonic kidney 293 cells and primary cortical neurons and results in both increased CHT1 cell surface expression and choline transport activity.	Alanine	129-136	solute carrier family 5 member 7	Homo sapiens	154-158
15849356-9	2005	Mutations of Asp94 and Asp97 within the beta5/beta6 hairpin to Ala significantly reduced the affinity of tissue transglutaminase for fibronectin, indicating that these residues are critical for fibronectin binding.	Alanine	63-66	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	105-128
15849356-9	2005	Mutations of Asp94 and Asp97 within the beta5/beta6 hairpin to Ala significantly reduced the affinity of tissue transglutaminase for fibronectin, indicating that these residues are critical for fibronectin binding.	Alanine	63-66	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	133-144
15849356-9	2005	Mutations of Asp94 and Asp97 within the beta5/beta6 hairpin to Ala significantly reduced the affinity of tissue transglutaminase for fibronectin, indicating that these residues are critical for fibronectin binding.	Alanine	63-66	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	194-205
15970700-6	2005	Accordingly, replacing with alanines five serine residues belonging to Polo kinase-dependent putative phosphorylation sites dramatically reduces Mad3 phosphorylation, suggesting that Mad3 is likely an in vivo target of Cdc5.	Alanine	28-36	Mad3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	145-149
15970700-6	2005	Accordingly, replacing with alanines five serine residues belonging to Polo kinase-dependent putative phosphorylation sites dramatically reduces Mad3 phosphorylation, suggesting that Mad3 is likely an in vivo target of Cdc5.	Alanine	28-36	Mad3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	183-187
16029943-4	2005	Subjects with the Ala variant had significantly lower BMI, insulin resistance, triglyceride levels than those without.	Alanine	18-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
16029943-5	2005	Furthermore, subjects with Ala variant had significantly lower IL-6 levels (0.88 +/- 0.9 vs 1.61 +/- 2.25 pg/ml; p = 0.041).	Alanine	27-30	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-67
15870073-6	2005	Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed a discrete domain within loop 2 that contributes to GRK2 binding, and the mutation of either lysine 691 or 692 to an alanine within this domain resulted in a loss of GRK2 binding to both mGluR1a and mGluR1b.	Alanine	0-7	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	204-208
15870073-6	2005	Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed a discrete domain within loop 2 that contributes to GRK2 binding, and the mutation of either lysine 691 or 692 to an alanine within this domain resulted in a loss of GRK2 binding to both mGluR1a and mGluR1b.	Alanine	155-162	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	204-208
15985708-2	2005	Recently we have synthesized a new chimeric peptide, GAL(1-13)-[Ala(10,11)]ET-1(6-21)-NH(2), consisting of the N-terminal fragment of GAL and the C-terminal fragment of endothelin-1 (ET-1) analogue.	Alanine	64-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
15817485-8	2005	The principal active site difference is at Thr-156, which is alanine in E. coli PNP.	Alanine	61-68	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	80-83
15935279-3	2005	In this work, we firstly investigated the influence of Phe282(273)Ala mutation on the binding affinity of PPARgamma(alpha) against a series of agonists by use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique and cellular transcriptional activation analysis.	Alanine	66-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	106-115
15840587-4	2005	Biochemical analysis showed that bacterial His-tagged p12 could be converted into a dimeric p25 in a reducing agent-dependent manner, and mutating the only cysteine residue of p12 (Cys(105) --&gt; Ala(105)) abolished the dimerization.	Alanine	197-200	DNA polymerase epsilon 4, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	54-57
15797963-1	2005	The single-nucleotide polymorphism A/G in the type 2 deiodinase (D2) gene predicts a threonine (Thr) to alanine (Ala) substitution at codon 92 (D2 Thr92Ala) and is associated with insulin resistance in obese patients.	Alanine	104-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
15797963-1	2005	The single-nucleotide polymorphism A/G in the type 2 deiodinase (D2) gene predicts a threonine (Thr) to alanine (Ala) substitution at codon 92 (D2 Thr92Ala) and is associated with insulin resistance in obese patients.	Alanine	113-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	180-187
15797963-3	2005	The median fasting plasma insulin in Ala/Ala individuals was significantly higher than in patients with Ala/Thr or Thr/Thr genotypes (19.6 vs. 12.0 vs. 14.8 mIU/ml, respectively; P = 0.004).	Alanine	37-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
15797963-3	2005	The median fasting plasma insulin in Ala/Ala individuals was significantly higher than in patients with Ala/Thr or Thr/Thr genotypes (19.6 vs. 12.0 vs. 14.8 mIU/ml, respectively; P = 0.004).	Alanine	41-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
15797963-3	2005	The median fasting plasma insulin in Ala/Ala individuals was significantly higher than in patients with Ala/Thr or Thr/Thr genotypes (19.6 vs. 12.0 vs. 14.8 mIU/ml, respectively; P = 0.004).	Alanine	41-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
15934941-7	2005	Triple mutant FoxO1, in which three Akt/PKB phosphorylation sites (Thr24, Ser256 and Ser319) were mutated to alanine, resulted in the complete nuclear targeting of the expressed FoxO1-GFP fusion protein in the presence of the above neurotrophic factors in both PC12 cells and cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons.	Alanine	109-116	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
15985708-2	2005	Recently we have synthesized a new chimeric peptide, GAL(1-13)-[Ala(10,11)]ET-1(6-21)-NH(2), consisting of the N-terminal fragment of GAL and the C-terminal fragment of endothelin-1 (ET-1) analogue.	Alanine	64-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
15893317-4	2005	These results are consistent with recent alanine scanning mutation experiments on the blocking of the hERG channel by other compounds.	Alanine	41-48	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	102-106
15743772-6	2005	Here, we report a comprehensive structure-activity examination of potential IRF7 phosphorylation sites through analysis of mutant proteins in which specific serine residues were altered to alanine or aspartate.	Alanine	189-196	interferon regulatory factor 7	Homo sapiens	76-80
15865443-8	2005	Point mutagenesis of T257, S262, and T267 to Ala residues indicated that these sites are targets of phosphorylation by p42(mapk/)(erk2).	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
15661745-4	2005	Conversely, mutation of C5aR transmembrane residue Ile(116) to the smaller Ala (I116A) makes the receptor respond to peptide 2 as an agonist (Gerber, B. O., Meng, E. C., Dotsch, V., Baranski, T. J., and Bourne, H. R. (2001) J. Biol.	Alanine	75-78	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
15879716-7	2005	The alanine-replaced BAF53 mutants also stimulated p53-dependent transcription, in which the SWI/SNF and TRRAP complexes are involved.	Alanine	4-11	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	51-54
15746105-6	2005	Peptides encompassing these clustered acidic regions, residues 373-395 and 719-740, blocked thrombin cleavage of the isolated heavy chain at Arg(372) and Arg(740) and inhibited A2 binding to thrombin Ser(205) --&gt; Ala, suggesting that both A2 domain regions potentially support interaction with thrombin.	Alanine	216-219	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	92-100
15851689-4	2005	Histone H3.3 contains a serine (S) to alanine (A) replacement at amino acid position 31 (S31).	Alanine	38-45	H3.3 histone B	Homo sapiens	0-12
15800844-2	2005	Additionally, an expansion of a polyalanine tract (by 11 alanines) within the transcription factor SOX3 (Xq27.1) has been reported in patients with growth hormone deficiency and variable learning difficulties.	Alanine	57-65	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
15800844-5	2005	Next, we identified a novel seven-alanine expansion within a polyalanine tract in SOX3 in a family with panhypopituitarism in three male siblings with an absent infundibulum, severe APH, and EPP.	Alanine	34-41	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
15574123-5	2005	Progressive alanine substitutions of triple, double and single amino acid residues within the Pro561-Arg572 region suggested an important role for Trp570 and Phe568 in promoting GPIbalpha binding to filamin A.	Alanine	12-19	filamin A	Homo sapiens	199-208
16108369-8	2005	Expression conditions of human mutant interleukin-2(the codon for cysteine-125 of human IL-2 with alanine; the codon for leucine-18 with methionine; the codon for leucine-19 with serine) in the recombinant Pichia pastoris strain were optimized via test of some factors such as the rate of aeration, the inductive duration, the initial pH and the concentration of methanol.	Alanine	98-105	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	38-51
15879716-7	2005	The alanine-replaced BAF53 mutants also stimulated p53-dependent transcription, in which the SWI/SNF and TRRAP complexes are involved.	Alanine	4-11	transformation/transcription domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	105-110
15837927-2	2005	Recent in vitro studies have suggested that a 10-residue segment, Ala-21-Ala-30, forms a turn-like structure that nucleates the folding of the full-length Abeta.	Alanine	66-69	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	155-160
15710605-6	2005	Ser(445) phosphorylation is important to the B-Raf activation mechanism, however, because mutation of this site to alanine increased the affinity of the regulatory domain for the catalytic domain and increased autoinhibition.	Alanine	115-122	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-50
15823605-10	2005	Similarly, change of a serine to an alanine residue following the single consensus CK-II site of the CAM13 Vpu (SGNESDGGEEE) abolished CD4-down-regulation, suggesting that this serine was phosphorylated in the absence of a canonical CK-II site.	Alanine	36-43	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-138
15837927-2	2005	Recent in vitro studies have suggested that a 10-residue segment, Ala-21-Ala-30, forms a turn-like structure that nucleates the folding of the full-length Abeta.	Alanine	73-76	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	155-160
15793008-5	2005	Analysis of the purified alpha1-subunit of Ca(V)1.1 channels from skeletal muscle by saturation sequencing of the intracellular peptides by tandem mass spectrometry identified the site of proteolytic processing as alanine 1664.	Alanine	214-221	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Homo sapiens	43-51
15774859-4	2005	This effect of ROCK-II was retained in fiber bundles isolated from transgenic (TG) mice in which phosphorylation sites (S14, S15, and S19) of myosin light chain 2 were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	179-186	Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	15-22
16013194-1	2005	The alanine (A) to threonine (T) substitution at codon 54 of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) has been associated with dyslipidaemia and other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, which in turn is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.	Alanine	4-11	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Alanine	24-31	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2	Homo sapiens	150-154
15625242-7	2005	Using synthetic PTH peptides harboring alanine substitution or truncations, we showed the existence of discrete binding domains and critical residues within the intact hormone.	Alanine	39-46	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	16-19
15824259-0	2005	Presence of alanine-to-valine substitutions in myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia: confirmation in 2 kindreds.	Alanine	12-19	PNKD metallo-beta-lactamase domain containing	Homo sapiens	47-77
15899702-3	2005	Cathepsin L, cathepsin K, plasmin, trypsin and tryptase were able to release elafin by cleaving the Lys 38 -Ala 39 peptide bond in trappin-2.	Alanine	108-111	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	0-11
15721295-3	2005	In the interaction, Ser-746 of Par3beta and the corresponding residue of Par3alpha (Ser-814) likely play a crucial role, since replacement of these residues by unphosphorylatable alanine results in a loss of interacting activity.	Alanine	179-186	par-3 family cell polarity regulator beta	Homo sapiens	31-39
15966514-6	2005	The mutation is a replacement of cytosine for guanine in codon 453 (CCT-&gt;GCT) producing a missense mutation substituting a normal proline with an alanine (P453A), which reduces the affinity for T3 to 17% of that of the normal TRbeta.	Alanine	149-156	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	229-235
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	201-204	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	85-92	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15755445-1	2005	Combinatorial shotgun alanine-scanning was used to assess intramolecular cooperativity in the high affinity site (site 1) of human growth hormone (hGH) for binding to its receptor.	Alanine	22-29	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	131-145
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	201-204	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	180-183	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	88-91	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	201-204	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	201-204	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
15767445-9	2005	Finally, a substitution of an alanine residue in place of a cysteine residue in the C-terminal V-unique region known to be required for STAT1 degradation and inhibition of anti-IFN signaling resulted in the loss of V protein function to inhibit the Y701-STAT1 and Y689-STAT2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-37	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	177-180
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	88-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-107
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	92-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	92-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-107
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	92-95	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
15781195-9	2005	Adiponectin was significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations.	Alanine	92-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-107
15647289-7	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 served as a dominant-negative mutant in PKA-enhanced degradation of I kappa B alpha, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and PGE2-enhanced osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.	Alanine	14-17	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	91-106
15737434-1	2005	Transgenic mice carrying the human mutated SOD1 gene with a glycine/alanine substitution at codon 93 (G93A) are a widely used model for the fatal human disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).	Alanine	68-75	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
15647289-9	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 abolished the stimulatory effects of forskolin on those cellular events induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha.	Alanine	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-133
15647289-10	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 also inhibited the forskolin-induced up-regulation of interleukin 6 production in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide.	Alanine	14-17	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	77-90
15712334-4	2005	Nociceptin analogues in which Ala residues are substituted with aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) show a substantial increment of activity in their interaction with the NOP receptor.	Alanine	30-33	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	0-10
15712334-4	2005	Nociceptin analogues in which Ala residues are substituted with aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) show a substantial increment of activity in their interaction with the NOP receptor.	Alanine	30-33	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	162-165
15596448-3	2005	In functional assays for receptor binding and calcium flux, alanine-scanning variants of nociceptin indicated that functionally important residues generally followed helix periodicity, consistent with the NMR structural model.	Alanine	60-67	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	89-99
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
15582990-1	2005	Using a panel of 77 Ala mutants, we have mapped the epitope of thrombin recognizing protein C in the absence or presence of the cofactor thrombomodulin.	Alanine	20-23	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	63-71
15767203-5	2005	Using the Millipore MultiScreen-MIC and FLIPR assays, alanine substitutions at K130 and Q227 caused threefold shifts in potency for the CCR7 ligand, CCL19, whereas that at K137 had no effect.	Alanine	54-61	C-C motif chemokine receptor 7	Homo sapiens	136-140
15743413-5	2005	A mutant FGD1 protein, FGD1(SA), in which both of the critical serine residues in the DSGPsiXS motif have been replaced by alanines, does not interact with FWD1/beta-TrCP and exhibits increased stability.	Alanine	123-131	FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
15743413-5	2005	A mutant FGD1 protein, FGD1(SA), in which both of the critical serine residues in the DSGPsiXS motif have been replaced by alanines, does not interact with FWD1/beta-TrCP and exhibits increased stability.	Alanine	123-131	FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
15561708-2	2005	ABA3 is a two-domain protein with an NH2-terminal domain sharing significant similarities to NifS proteins that catalyze the decomposition of l-cysteine to l-alanine and elemental sulfur for iron-sulfur cluster synthesis.	Alanine	156-165	molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (LOS5) (ABA3)	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
15576362-1	2005	To identify the residues in the carboxyl-terminal region 260-299 of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) that contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, two sets of conserved, hydrophobic amino acids between residues 261 and 283 were mutated to alanines, and recombinant adenoviruses expressing these apoE mutants were generated.	Alanine	231-239	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	74-90
15576362-1	2005	To identify the residues in the carboxyl-terminal region 260-299 of human apolipoprotein E (apoE) that contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, two sets of conserved, hydrophobic amino acids between residues 261 and 283 were mutated to alanines, and recombinant adenoviruses expressing these apoE mutants were generated.	Alanine	231-239	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	92-96
15576362-8	2005	Substitutions of these residues by alanine provide a recombinant apoE form with improved biological functions.	Alanine	35-42	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	65-69
15711538-6	2005	Mutation of all 15 Prk1p-targeted threonines in Pan1p to alanines mimicked the ark1Delta prk1Delta phenotype, demonstrating that Pan1p is a key Prk1p target in vivo.	Alanine	57-65	serine/threonine protein kinase PRK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-24
15711538-6	2005	Mutation of all 15 Prk1p-targeted threonines in Pan1p to alanines mimicked the ark1Delta prk1Delta phenotype, demonstrating that Pan1p is a key Prk1p target in vivo.	Alanine	57-65	Pan1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	48-53
15711538-6	2005	Mutation of all 15 Prk1p-targeted threonines in Pan1p to alanines mimicked the ark1Delta prk1Delta phenotype, demonstrating that Pan1p is a key Prk1p target in vivo.	Alanine	57-65	Pan1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	129-134
15711538-6	2005	Mutation of all 15 Prk1p-targeted threonines in Pan1p to alanines mimicked the ark1Delta prk1Delta phenotype, demonstrating that Pan1p is a key Prk1p target in vivo.	Alanine	57-65	serine/threonine protein kinase PRK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	144-149
15710380-4	2005	Changing them from Ser, Glu and Ser to Phe, Ala and Pro, respectively, transformed the nonapeptide into an excellent substrate for PKBalpha and RSK1.	Alanine	44-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-139
15591042-3	2005	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed five additional residues in this region that when substituted by alanine led to CaR activation.	Alanine	0-7	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	118-121
15591042-3	2005	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed five additional residues in this region that when substituted by alanine led to CaR activation.	Alanine	103-110	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	118-121
15591042-6	2005	Unique among the residues in this region, Pro823, which is highly conserved in family 3 of the G protein-coupled receptors, when mutated to either alanine or glycine, despite good expression severely impaired CaR activation by Ca2+.	Alanine	147-154	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	209-212
15629146-2	2005	To identify functionally important amino acid residues in CCR2B, we made specific mutations of nine residues selected on the basis of conservation in chemokine receptors and located TM1 (Tyr(49)), TM2 (Leu(95)), TM3 (Thr(117) and Tyr(120)), and TM7 (Ala(286), Thr(290), Glu(291), and His(297)) and in the extracellular loop 3 (Glu(278)).	Alanine	250-253	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
15705867-5	2005	Subjects having the ADPRT Ala/Ala genotype had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.27-2.23] compared with those having the Val/Val genotype.	Alanine	26-29	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
15699368-9	2005	The 828C-->G mutation causes a substitution of a glycine for an alanine residue in the HS1-BP3 protein.	Alanine	64-71	HCLS1 binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	87-94
15652236-6	2005	Ala and Ser substitutions of Tyr(1189) and Tyr(1190) caused a &gt; or =50% decrease in the ability of MRP1 to transport different organic anions, and a decrease in LTC(4) photolabeling.	Alanine	0-3	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
15705881-2	2005	In Poland there are three common variants of CDKN2A: an alanine to threonine substitution (A148T), Nt500c&gt;g and Nt540c&gt;t, which have been detected in other populations.	Alanine	56-63	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	45-51
15705867-5	2005	Subjects having the ADPRT Ala/Ala genotype had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.27-2.23] compared with those having the Val/Val genotype.	Alanine	30-33	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
15705867-8	2005	Gene-gene interaction of ADPRT and XRCC1 polymorphisms increased risk of lung cancer in a supermultiplicative manner (OR for the presence of both ADPRT 762Ala/Ala and XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotypes, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.09-16.72), although the XRCC1 polymorphism itself was not associated with the risk.	Alanine	155-158	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
15705867-8	2005	Gene-gene interaction of ADPRT and XRCC1 polymorphisms increased risk of lung cancer in a supermultiplicative manner (OR for the presence of both ADPRT 762Ala/Ala and XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotypes, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.09-16.72), although the XRCC1 polymorphism itself was not associated with the risk.	Alanine	155-158	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
23923576-2	2005	Since insulin signaling pathway has been shown to be regulated by nutritional supplements, in the present study, we investigated the possible effects of free amino acids, such as lysine, arginine and alanine and their mixture in modulating the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) and phosphatidyl inositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K) activities and on the changes in actin dynamics in monocytes (MC), exposed to high glucose concentration (25 mM).	Alanine	200-207	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
15685549-8	2005	Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were abolished by substitution of all 3 cytoplasmic serine residues of mTNF by alanine residues.	Alanine	111-118	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	103-107
23923576-2	2005	Since insulin signaling pathway has been shown to be regulated by nutritional supplements, in the present study, we investigated the possible effects of free amino acids, such as lysine, arginine and alanine and their mixture in modulating the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) and phosphatidyl inositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K) activities and on the changes in actin dynamics in monocytes (MC), exposed to high glucose concentration (25 mM).	Alanine	200-207	insulin	Homo sapiens	244-251
15547295-5	2005	Among the metabolic components of IRS, only triglyceride (TG) displayed an interaction with FABP2 polymorphism: compared with Thr/Ala and Ala/Ala, the Thr/Thr genotype was associated with a steeper increase in TC, LDL-C, and apoB parallel to TG concentrations (P &lt;0.001).	Alanine	130-133	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
15547295-5	2005	Among the metabolic components of IRS, only triglyceride (TG) displayed an interaction with FABP2 polymorphism: compared with Thr/Ala and Ala/Ala, the Thr/Thr genotype was associated with a steeper increase in TC, LDL-C, and apoB parallel to TG concentrations (P &lt;0.001).	Alanine	138-141	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
15547295-5	2005	Among the metabolic components of IRS, only triglyceride (TG) displayed an interaction with FABP2 polymorphism: compared with Thr/Ala and Ala/Ala, the Thr/Thr genotype was associated with a steeper increase in TC, LDL-C, and apoB parallel to TG concentrations (P &lt;0.001).	Alanine	138-141	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
15940190-5	2005	RESULTS: Carriers of Pro allele compared with carriers of Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher frequency of insulin resistance.	Alanine	58-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	72-78
15627496-1	2005	It has been shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius inhibits alanine absorption across the jejunum.	Alanine	117-124	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-56
15627496-1	2005	It has been shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius inhibits alanine absorption across the jejunum.	Alanine	117-124	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
15946545-2	2005	METHODS: Plasmid containing mutant p53-GFP was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis by which 5 amino scid residues in the nuclear localization signal (NLS) were replaced by alanine to produce mutant p53KRKKK-GFP.	Alanine	177-184	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	35-38
15634919-5	2005	In addition to affecting TAP interaction with tapasin, the substitution of alanine, but not tryptophan, for the lysine at tapasin position 408 increased the amount of tapasin found in association with the open, peptide-free form of the HLA-B8 H chain.	Alanine	75-82	TAP binding protein	Homo sapiens	122-129
15634919-5	2005	In addition to affecting TAP interaction with tapasin, the substitution of alanine, but not tryptophan, for the lysine at tapasin position 408 increased the amount of tapasin found in association with the open, peptide-free form of the HLA-B8 H chain.	Alanine	75-82	TAP binding protein	Homo sapiens	122-129
15634919-8	2005	Thus, the alanine substitution at position 408 in tapasin may interfere with the stable acquisition by MHC class I molecules of peptides that are sufficiently optimal to allow MHC class I release from tapasin.	Alanine	10-17	TAP binding protein	Homo sapiens	50-57
15606553-8	2005	Any alanine-substitution for T705 revealed a substantial loss in aggregatory effects - possibly as a result of structural desintegration of the VWF-A1-binding site for glycoprotein (GP) Ib.	Alanine	4-11	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	144-147
15613982-13	2005	Our data suggest that both alanine and arginine aminopeptidases are involved in the reversal of the angiotensin II-stimulated collagen gel contraction in control and TGF-beta1-treated cardiac fibroblasts or myofibroblasts.	Alanine	27-34	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	100-114
15613982-13	2005	Our data suggest that both alanine and arginine aminopeptidases are involved in the reversal of the angiotensin II-stimulated collagen gel contraction in control and TGF-beta1-treated cardiac fibroblasts or myofibroblasts.	Alanine	27-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-175
15607727-0	2005	Three-dimensional structure prediction of bovine AP lyase, BAP1: prediction of interaction with DNA and alterations as a result of Arg176--&gt;Ala, Asp282--&gt;Ala, and His308--&gt;Asn mutations.	Alanine	143-146	BRCA1 associated protein 1	Bos taurus	59-63
15607727-0	2005	Three-dimensional structure prediction of bovine AP lyase, BAP1: prediction of interaction with DNA and alterations as a result of Arg176--&gt;Ala, Asp282--&gt;Ala, and His308--&gt;Asn mutations.	Alanine	160-163	BRCA1 associated protein 1	Bos taurus	59-63
15634919-8	2005	Thus, the alanine substitution at position 408 in tapasin may interfere with the stable acquisition by MHC class I molecules of peptides that are sufficiently optimal to allow MHC class I release from tapasin.	Alanine	10-17	TAP binding protein	Homo sapiens	201-208
15507442-3	2005	We show herein that alanine mutations of N-terminal AID residues Gln(1), Gln(2), Ile(3), Glu(4), Glu(6), Leu(7), and Gly(9) in Ca(V)2.3 did not abolish [(35)S]Ca(V)beta 1b or [(35)S]Ca(V)beta 3 subunit overlay binding to fusion proteins nor did they prevent the typical modulation of whole cell currents by Ca(V)beta 3.	Alanine	20-27	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
15638990-0	2005	Stability of Ala 125 recombinant human interleukin-2 in solution.	Alanine	13-16	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	39-52
15638990-1	2005	Herein, we describe the preformulation study of Ala 125- recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2A(125)) in solution.	Alanine	48-51	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	75-88
15940190-5	2005	RESULTS: Carriers of Pro allele compared with carriers of Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher frequency of insulin resistance.	Alanine	58-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
15940190-8	2005	Carriers of C allele of PPARA gene and Ala allele of PPARG2 gene had higher diastolic BP.	Alanine	39-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-59
16050266-6	2005	Scanning Ala mutagenesis of S6 and pore helix domains that line the inner cavity of hERG have demonstrated that two aromatic residues (Tyr652 and Phe656) are important sites of interaction for most blockers investigated so far.	Alanine	9-12	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	84-88
15496416-7	2004	ZO-1 was co-immunoprecipitated with the wild-type PCLN-1 and the alanine substitution (TAV) mutant.	Alanine	65-72	tight junction protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-4
15531738-11	2005	Because obesity is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, obese children, who are presumably at a higher risk, may be protected from these diseases by the phenotypic effect of the Ala 12 allele on insulin resistance.	Alanine	229-232	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
15610029-5	2004	Mutation to alanine of any of the four serine or threonine residues in the activation loop reduces both the activity of the recombinant kinase domain and JNK pathway activation driven by full-length MLK1 expressed in mammalian cells.	Alanine	12-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	154-157
15496416-8	2004	However, mutants of the deletion (Delta TRV) and the alanine substitution (ARV and TRA) inhibited the association of PCLN-1 with ZO-1.	Alanine	53-60	tight junction protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	129-133
15466476-5	2004	We found that mutation of this residue to alanine eliminated its ability to activate MEK/ERK and NF-kappaB pathways, whereas a phosphomimetic mutation to aspartic acid could rescue the ability to activate MEK.	Alanine	42-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	85-88
15312047-2	2004	Replacing either of the residues with an alanine residue results in a complete loss of procaspase 3 activity.	Alanine	41-48	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	87-99
15496428-3	2004	The mutations cause changes (Ala to Val) in the N-terminal region of two MR-1 isoforms.	Alanine	29-32	PNKD metallo-beta-lactamase domain containing	Homo sapiens	73-77
15466476-5	2004	We found that mutation of this residue to alanine eliminated its ability to activate MEK/ERK and NF-kappaB pathways, whereas a phosphomimetic mutation to aspartic acid could rescue the ability to activate MEK.	Alanine	42-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
15466476-5	2004	We found that mutation of this residue to alanine eliminated its ability to activate MEK/ERK and NF-kappaB pathways, whereas a phosphomimetic mutation to aspartic acid could rescue the ability to activate MEK.	Alanine	42-49	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	97-106
15291761-4	2004	All five histidine residues of hOAT4 were converted into alanine, singly or in combination.	Alanine	57-64	solute carrier family 22 member 11	Homo sapiens	31-36
15583736-0	2004	Hypofibrinogenaemia associated with a novel heterozygous gamma289 Ala -->Val substitution (fibrinogen Dorfen).	Alanine	66-69	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	4-14
15607032-4	2004	To identify the amino acid residues responsible for binding with PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P(2), we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace each amino acid in the variable loop-1 (VL-1) region of the PLC-gamma1 nPH(2) domain with alanine (a neutral amino acid).	Alanine	224-231	phospholipase C gamma 1	Homo sapiens	194-204
15569134-0	2004	Studies of the Ala/Val98 polymorphism of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene and the relationship to beta-cell function during an OGTT in glucose-tolerant women with and without previous gestational diabetes mellitus.	Alanine	15-18	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	45-77
15569134-6	2004	Among 117 glucose-tolerant women with previous GDM, 10 carriers of the Ala/Val98 polymorphism had a non-significant 27% and 22% reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin levels, respectively, at 30 min during an OGTT.	Alanine	71-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-156
15569134-6	2004	Among 117 glucose-tolerant women with previous GDM, 10 carriers of the Ala/Val98 polymorphism had a non-significant 27% and 22% reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin levels, respectively, at 30 min during an OGTT.	Alanine	71-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
15569134-7	2004	Seventy-eight control subjects carrying the Ala/Val98 polymorphism had a 10% (P = 0.001) and 16% (P = 0.004) reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin levels, respectively, compared with 956 Ala/Ala control subjects.	Alanine	44-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-137
15569134-7	2004	Seventy-eight control subjects carrying the Ala/Val98 polymorphism had a 10% (P = 0.001) and 16% (P = 0.004) reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin levels, respectively, compared with 956 Ala/Ala control subjects.	Alanine	44-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
26443364-7	2004	Finally, L- and D-alanine are components of the peptide of peptidoglycan, and L-alanine is an effector of the leucine responsive regulatory protein and an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS).	Alanine	78-87	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	168-188
15583736-2	2004	DNA sequencing revealed a single heterozygous GCC-->GTC transition in exon 8 of the fibrinogen gamma ?gene in both subjects, predicting a novel gamma289 Ala-->Val substitution.	Alanine	153-156	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	84-94
15364927-2	2004	Here we show that via its acidic domain, Daxx binds to the COOH-terminal domain of p53, whose positive charges are critical for this interaction, as Lys to Arg mutations preserved, but Lys to Ala or Ser to Glu mutations abolished Daxx-p53 interaction.	Alanine	192-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	83-86
15364927-2	2004	Here we show that via its acidic domain, Daxx binds to the COOH-terminal domain of p53, whose positive charges are critical for this interaction, as Lys to Arg mutations preserved, but Lys to Ala or Ser to Glu mutations abolished Daxx-p53 interaction.	Alanine	192-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	235-238
15322122-1	2004	To further understand the role that the hepatitis B virus X-associated protein 2 (XAP2) plays in regulating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) function, a point mutation was introduced at tyrosine 408 of the AhR, changing the residue to an alanine or lysine.	Alanine	237-244	aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein	Homo sapiens	82-86
15491626-1	2004	To explore the residue interactions in the glycophorin A dimerization motif, an alanine scan double mutant analysis at the helix-helix interface was carried out.	Alanine	80-87	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-56
15496209-3	2004	We found a DRB1*010101 with a silent mutation at codon 68 and a DRB1*0306 with a mutation at codon 38 (T-C) which causes an amino acid substitution from Val to Ala.	Alanine	160-163	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
15496209-3	2004	We found a DRB1*010101 with a silent mutation at codon 68 and a DRB1*0306 with a mutation at codon 38 (T-C) which causes an amino acid substitution from Val to Ala.	Alanine	160-163	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
15533998-3	2004	How alanine expansions in ARX, or any other transcription factor, cause disease have not been determined.	Alanine	4-11	aristaless related homeobox	Homo sapiens	26-29
15485485-5	2004	The decrease in surface expression of the hNET isoforms is probably a consequence of the lack of the three amino acids leucine, alanine and isoleucine at the C-terminal end which may represent a motif facilitating cell surface expression of the hNET.	Alanine	128-135	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
15543338-4	2004	Tyr178 --&gt; Ala substitution (Tyr178Ala) and Asp218Ala abolished a monovalent ligand, WOW-1 Fab binding as well as soluble fibrinogen binding, which is in perfect agreement with the crystallography.	Alanine	14-17	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	125-135
15271993-12	2004	Consequently, we suggest that Ala(169) and Ile(172) of human SERT are important residues in sensing the N-methylation state of SERT antagonists.	Alanine	30-33	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
15464845-7	2004	The over-expressed B1R protein induces the degradation of p53 in a concentration-dependent manner and is lost when Ser15 and Th18 are changed to alanine or when the B1R kinase is inactivated by introducing the K149Q substitution.	Alanine	145-152	bradykinin receptor B1	Homo sapiens	19-22
15464845-7	2004	The over-expressed B1R protein induces the degradation of p53 in a concentration-dependent manner and is lost when Ser15 and Th18 are changed to alanine or when the B1R kinase is inactivated by introducing the K149Q substitution.	Alanine	145-152	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	58-61
15239671-7	2004	The activities of the Ser-Ala substitution mutant S650A (Ser-650--&gt;Ala) was found to be identical with wild-type AR activation in four different cell lines and three different functional analyses, e.g. transactivation, N- and C-terminal-domain interaction and co-activation by transcriptional intermediary factor 2.	Alanine	26-29	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	116-118
15470242-5	2004	Mutation of these residues to alanine results in increased nuclear import of Crz1p and results in higher levels of both basal and Ca2+-induced Crz1p transcriptional activity.	Alanine	30-37	DNA-binding transcription factor CRZ1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	77-82
15470242-5	2004	Mutation of these residues to alanine results in increased nuclear import of Crz1p and results in higher levels of both basal and Ca2+-induced Crz1p transcriptional activity.	Alanine	30-37	DNA-binding transcription factor CRZ1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	143-148
15381086-0	2004	Stabilization of alanine substituted p53 protein at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20 in response to ionizing radiation.	Alanine	17-24	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	37-40
15381086-2	2004	In the present study, we examined the X-ray-induced stabilization of Ala-substituted p53 protein at Ser15, Thr18, and Ser20, whose gene expression was controlled under an ecdyson-inducible promoter.	Alanine	69-72	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	85-88
15381086-3	2004	We found that all single-, double-, or triple-Ala-substituted p53 at Ser15, Yhr18, and Ser20 were accumulated in the nucleus similarly to wild-type p53 after X-irradiation.	Alanine	46-49	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	62-65
15331175-3	2004	For women carrying the MPO variant genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala) was 3.26 (95% CI, 1.55-6.83).	Alanine	108-111	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
15331175-3	2004	For women carrying the MPO variant genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala) was 3.26 (95% CI, 1.55-6.83).	Alanine	112-115	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
15271993-12	2004	Consequently, we suggest that Ala(169) and Ile(172) of human SERT are important residues in sensing the N-methylation state of SERT antagonists.	Alanine	30-33	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	127-131
15368366-9	2004	In the present study, we mutated the human Gsalpha R165 and E168 residues to alanine (A), thus generating the R165--&gt; A, E168--&gt; A, and R165/E168--&gt; A mutants.	Alanine	77-84	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	43-50
15307182-2	2004	Immune recognition of EBNA1 by CD8+ T cells is prevented by an internal glycine-alanine repeat (GAr) which blocks proteasomal degradation.	Alanine	80-87	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	22-27
15553237-8	2004	Alanine-scanning mutation in PEPT2 revealed the presence of a consensus sequence (-T-X-L) that is responsible for the PDZK1 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 15 member 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
15277524-11	2004	After stimulation with carbachol, glutamate mutants behaved like wild-type PKCalpha, whereas alanine mutants behaved like kinase-dead PKCalpha.	Alanine	93-100	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	134-142
15367589-0	2004	Vaccinia virus mutants with alanine substitutions in the conserved G5R gene fail to initiate morphogenesis at the nonpermissive temperature.	Alanine	28-35	Hypothetical protein	Vaccinia virus	67-70
15272003-6	2004	Mutating these threonine and serine residues to alanines generated a receptor that was not phosphorylated and that was internalized more rapidly than wild-type LRP, revealing that phosphorylation reduces the association of LRP with adaptor molecules of the endocytic machinery.	Alanine	48-56	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
15258142-5	2004	However, DNA-PKcs with all six ABCDE autophosphorylation sites mutated to alanine allows access to ends through autophosphorylation of other sites, yet our in vitro end-joining assay still reflects the defectiveness of this mutant in cellular end joining.	Alanine	74-81	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	9-17
15374944-6	2004	FLT3 proteins mutated at Ala-627, Asn-676, or Phe-691 remained sensitive to higher concentrations of the inhibitors, but the G697R mutation conferred high-level resistance to each of these inhibitors as well as to six additional experimental inhibitors.	Alanine	25-28	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
15453585-6	2004	However, the peptide Tyr-Ala-Glu-Glu-Arg-Tyr-Pro-Ile-Leu, which was a strong ACE inhibitor (50% inhibitory concentration, 4.7 microM) also exhibited a high radical scavenging activity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity-fluorescein value, 3.8 micromol of Trolox equivalent per micromol of peptide) and delayed the low-density lipoprotein lipid oxidation induced by Cu2+ at a concentration of approximately 0.16 mg/mg of low-density lipoprotein.	Alanine	25-28	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	77-80
15356014-1	2004	A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene with a cytosine to guanine substitution results in an exchange of proline (Pro) with alanine (Ala) in exon B (codon 12) of this gene.	Alanine	171-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-67
15356014-1	2004	A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene with a cytosine to guanine substitution results in an exchange of proline (Pro) with alanine (Ala) in exon B (codon 12) of this gene.	Alanine	171-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-79
15356014-1	2004	A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene with a cytosine to guanine substitution results in an exchange of proline (Pro) with alanine (Ala) in exon B (codon 12) of this gene.	Alanine	180-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	18-67
15356014-1	2004	A mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene with a cytosine to guanine substitution results in an exchange of proline (Pro) with alanine (Ala) in exon B (codon 12) of this gene.	Alanine	180-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-79
15356014-10	2004	In conclusion, our data suggest that the Ala(12)Ala genotype of the PPARgamma2 gene may protect from early atherosclerosis in subjects at risk for diabetes.	Alanine	41-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
15356014-10	2004	In conclusion, our data suggest that the Ala(12)Ala genotype of the PPARgamma2 gene may protect from early atherosclerosis in subjects at risk for diabetes.	Alanine	48-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-78
15143129-7	2004	However, Jurkat cells containing a Bcl-2 triple mutant, whereby the principal Bcl-2 phosphorylation sites are mutated to alanine, demonstrate resistance against Bcl-2 phosphorylation and apoptosis.	Alanine	121-128	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	35-40
15314205-5	2004	Cells expressing DNA-PKcs in which these autophosphorylation sites have been mutated to alanine are highly radiosensitive and defective in their ability to repair DSBs in the context of extrachromosomal assays.	Alanine	88-95	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	17-25
15301543-0	2004	Substitutions of glutamate 110 and 111 in the middle helix 4 of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by alanine affect the structure and in vitro functions of apoA-I and induce severe hypertriglyceridemia in apoA-I-deficient mice.	Alanine	101-108	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	70-88
15301543-0	2004	Substitutions of glutamate 110 and 111 in the middle helix 4 of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by alanine affect the structure and in vitro functions of apoA-I and induce severe hypertriglyceridemia in apoA-I-deficient mice.	Alanine	101-108	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	90-96
15301543-0	2004	Substitutions of glutamate 110 and 111 in the middle helix 4 of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by alanine affect the structure and in vitro functions of apoA-I and induce severe hypertriglyceridemia in apoA-I-deficient mice.	Alanine	101-108	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	156-162
15308718-9	2004	Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) affinity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12.	Alanine	230-237	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	128-131
15308718-9	2004	Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) affinity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12.	Alanine	230-237	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	163-166
15304015-2	2004	DRB1*1443 differed from DRB1*140501 by one single-nucleotide substitution in exon-2 (codon 77, ACC--&gt;GCC), which corresponded to an amino acid change of threonine to alanine.	Alanine	169-176	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15304015-2	2004	DRB1*1443 differed from DRB1*140501 by one single-nucleotide substitution in exon-2 (codon 77, ACC--&gt;GCC), which corresponded to an amino acid change of threonine to alanine.	Alanine	169-176	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
15302229-4	2004	The current report examines the N-terminal bioactive domain of GIP residing in residues 1-14 by alanine scanning mutagenesis and N-terminal substitution/modification.	Alanine	96-103	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	63-66
15302229-6	2004	The alanine scan of the GIP(1-14) sequence established that the peptide was extremely sensitive to structural perturbations.	Alanine	4-11	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
15301543-0	2004	Substitutions of glutamate 110 and 111 in the middle helix 4 of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by alanine affect the structure and in vitro functions of apoA-I and induce severe hypertriglyceridemia in apoA-I-deficient mice.	Alanine	101-108	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	156-162
15314205-7	2004	Purified DNA-PKcs proteins containing serine/threonine to alanine or aspartate mutations at this cluster of autophosphorylation sites were indistinguishable from wild-type (wt) protein with respect to protein kinase activity.	Alanine	58-65	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	9-17
15291810-7	2004	Consistently, alanine mutation mimicking the nonphosphorylation state abolished the inhibitory effect of Akt on dHAND, whereas aspartate mutation mimicking the phosphorylation state resulted in a loss of dHAND transcriptional activity.	Alanine	14-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
15276842-8	2004	Structure-function relationships are instead probed by side-chains of similar or smaller volume: respective substitution of Val(B12) by alanine, threonine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid leads to activities of 1(+/-0.1)%, 13(+/-6)%, and 14(+/-5)% (relative to DKP-insulin) without disproportionate changes in negative cooperativity.	Alanine	136-143	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	124-131
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	57-64	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	57-60	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	70-73	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	70-73	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	70-73	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	70-73	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15554358-8	2004	Sequencing and restriction enzyme testing of the CBG gene coding region allowed detection of severe CBG gene mutations and a common exon 3 polymorphism (c.825G-->T, Ala-Ser224).	Alanine	165-168	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	49-52
15297492-0	2004	Alanine-threonine polymorphism of Helicobacter pylori RpoB is correlated with differential induction of interleukin-8 in MKN45 cells.	Alanine	0-7	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	104-117
15554358-13	2004	Immunoreactive-CBG (IR-CBG) levels were higher in Serine/Alanine (Ser/Ala) than Ala/Ala subjects and higher again in Ser/Ser subjects, this effect was strongest in controls; Ser/Ser: 46.1+/-1.8 (n = 31, P = 0.03) vs. Ser/Ala: 42.4+/-1.0 (n = 56, P = 0.05) vs. Ala/Ala: 40.8+/-1.7 microg/mL (n = 21).	Alanine	70-73	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
15234468-5	2004	The enhancement of Slob kinase activity by PKAc pretreatment is eliminated when serine 54 in Slob is mutated to alanine (S54A).	Alanine	112-119	Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1	Drosophila melanogaster	43-47
15304042-8	2004	Moreover, the existence of a subsequent disulfide-linked Cys in gamma 275C fibrinogen augments the impairment caused by a His or Ala substitution.	Alanine	129-132	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	75-85
15299127-3	2004	The TaIAR3 protein hydrolyzes negligible levels of IAA-Ala and no other IAA amino acid conjugates tested, unlike its ortholog IAR3.	Alanine	55-58	IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 1	Triticum aestivum	4-10
15299127-3	2004	The TaIAR3 protein hydrolyzes negligible levels of IAA-Ala and no other IAA amino acid conjugates tested, unlike its ortholog IAR3.	Alanine	55-58	IAA-amino acid hydrolase ILR1-like 1	Triticum aestivum	6-10
15245378-2	2004	This new allele differs from HLA-DRB1*110101 only for a single nucleotide substitution at position 113 of exon 2 resulting in an amino acid change from Valine (GTG) to Alanine (GCG) at codon 38.	Alanine	168-175	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
15235575-12	2004	A combination of cysteine to alanine substitutions at amino acids 185, 245, and 433 had the most influence on myocilin complex formation under non-reducing conditions, however individual substitutions at each of the five cysteine amino acids had little influence on myocilin complexes.	Alanine	29-36	myocilin	Homo sapiens	110-118
15186951-0	2004	Threonine for alanine substitution in the eotaxin (CCL11) gene and the risk of incident myocardial infarction.	Alanine	14-21	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	42-49
15186951-0	2004	Threonine for alanine substitution in the eotaxin (CCL11) gene and the risk of incident myocardial infarction.	Alanine	14-21	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	51-56
15186951-2	2004	Threonine (T) for alanine (A) substitution at amino acid 23 in the eotaxin gene (CCL11) has been associated with risk of developing allergic-inflammatory disorders.	Alanine	18-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	67-74
15186951-2	2004	Threonine (T) for alanine (A) substitution at amino acid 23 in the eotaxin gene (CCL11) has been associated with risk of developing allergic-inflammatory disorders.	Alanine	18-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	81-86
15227735-5	2004	G769A variation of INHalpha, alanine, is highly conserved across species, and has an important role of its receptor binding.	Alanine	29-36	inhibin subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	19-27
15235575-12	2004	A combination of cysteine to alanine substitutions at amino acids 185, 245, and 433 had the most influence on myocilin complex formation under non-reducing conditions, however individual substitutions at each of the five cysteine amino acids had little influence on myocilin complexes.	Alanine	29-36	myocilin	Homo sapiens	266-274
15040788-2	2004	Bradykinin was released from these peptides by the mK1- and rK1-mediated hydrolysis of Arg-Arg and Arg-Ser (or Arg-Ala) peptide bonds.	Alanine	115-118	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
15040788-6	2004	The proline residue that is two residues upstream of bradykinin in rat kininogen is, in part, responsible for this pattern of hydrolysis, since the peptide Abz-GFSPFRASRVQ-EDDnp was preferentially cleaved at the Arg-Ala bond by hK1.	Alanine	216-219	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	53-63
15182179-2	2004	To explore further the mechanistic details of this CXXC center, mutants of the Cys residues at positions 315 and 318 of hBCATm were individually and in combination converted to alanine or serine by site-directed mutagenesis (C315A, C315S, C318A, C318S, C315/318A, and C315/318S).	Alanine	177-184	branched chain amino acid transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	120-126
15069079-8	2004	Alanine substitutions of these conserved residues revealed that the transactivation domain, which localized Ser(756) but not Ser(827) or Ser(176), is the IL4-regulated site based on phosphoamino acid analysis.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
15175388-3	2004	An extracellular leucine-based motif was identified that after mutation to alanine (6L/6A GLT-1) prevented export of GLT-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane and displayed a glycosylation pattern characteristic of "immature" transporter.	Alanine	75-82	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
15075330-7	2004	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that residues 1773, 1777, 1780, 1784, and 1788 located in a patch on one surface the helix are critical for ankyrin-B function in cardiomyocytes.	Alanine	0-7	ankyrin 2	Homo sapiens	146-155
15175388-3	2004	An extracellular leucine-based motif was identified that after mutation to alanine (6L/6A GLT-1) prevented export of GLT-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane and displayed a glycosylation pattern characteristic of "immature" transporter.	Alanine	75-82	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
15188372-7	2004	These novel mutations resulted in the substitution of tryptophan (TGG) by a stop codon (TGA) at amino acid position 188 (W188X) and in the exchange of valine (GTG) for alanine (GCG) at amino acid position 203 (V203A).	Alanine	168-175	glucagon	Homo sapiens	177-180
15064354-6	2004	Substituting endogenous MCAK in Xenopus extracts with the alanine mutant XMCAK-4A, which is resistant to inhibition by Aurora B-INCENP, led to assembly of mono-astral and monopolar structures instead of bipolar spindles.	Alanine	58-65	kinesin family member 2C L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-28
15193550-4	2004	The alleles of RUNX2 within the glutamine-alanine repeat were determined by MspA1I restriction digest.	Alanine	42-49	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
15054093-7	2004	The sites of CCL19-induced phosphorylation were mapped by mutating to alanines the serines and threonines found within kinase phosphorylation consensus sequences in the carboxyl terminus of CCR7.	Alanine	70-78	C-C motif chemokine receptor 7	Homo sapiens	190-194
15023990-5	2004	A mutant PAR1 in which tyrosine 383 and leucine 386 were replaced with alanines (Y383A/L386A) was significantly impaired in agonist-triggered internalization and degradation compared with wild-type receptor.	Alanine	71-79	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	9-13
15044467-1	2004	Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a tetramer composed of either intact (Trp(1)-Ala(222)) or proteolytically cleaved (Trp(1)-Glu(209)) subunits.	Alanine	92-95	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	0-34
15044467-1	2004	Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a tetramer composed of either intact (Trp(1)-Ala(222)) or proteolytically cleaved (Trp(1)-Glu(209)) subunits.	Alanine	92-95	superoxide dismutase 3	Homo sapiens	36-42
15023990-7	2004	Strikingly, a PAR1 C387Z truncation mutant in which the YXXL motif was exposed at the C terminus constitutively internalized and degraded in an agonist-independent manner, whereas C387Z truncation mutant in which the critical tyrosine and leucine were mutated to alanine (C387Z-Y383A/L386A) failed to internalize.	Alanine	263-270	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
15105544-3	2004	Altering the critical P1-aspartate in the CrmA reactive centre loop to alanine resulted in a virus (CPV-CrmA-D303A) that resembled CPV deleted for CrmA (CPVDeltaCrmA : : lacZ); on CAMs it produced white, inflammatory pocks with activated caspase-3 and reduced virus yields, suggesting that CrmA activities are mediated via proteinase inhibition.	Alanine	71-78	CrmA or CPXV207 protein	Cowpox virus	104-108
15105544-3	2004	Altering the critical P1-aspartate in the CrmA reactive centre loop to alanine resulted in a virus (CPV-CrmA-D303A) that resembled CPV deleted for CrmA (CPVDeltaCrmA : : lacZ); on CAMs it produced white, inflammatory pocks with activated caspase-3 and reduced virus yields, suggesting that CrmA activities are mediated via proteinase inhibition.	Alanine	71-78	CrmA or CPXV207 protein	Cowpox virus	104-108
15105544-3	2004	Altering the critical P1-aspartate in the CrmA reactive centre loop to alanine resulted in a virus (CPV-CrmA-D303A) that resembled CPV deleted for CrmA (CPVDeltaCrmA : : lacZ); on CAMs it produced white, inflammatory pocks with activated caspase-3 and reduced virus yields, suggesting that CrmA activities are mediated via proteinase inhibition.	Alanine	71-78	CrmA or CPXV207 protein	Cowpox virus	104-108
15105550-6	2004	Leucine-to-alanine substitutions in this region resulted in a dramatic increase in GRV ORF3 protein accumulation in both nuclei and nucleoli.	Alanine	11-18	hypothetical protein	Groundnut rosette virus	87-91
14978032-9	2004	Studies using analogues of Abeta-(1-28) in which each of the histidine residues have been replaced by alanine or in which the N terminus is acetylated suggest that the N terminus and His(13) are crucial for Cu(2+) binding and that His(6) and His(14) are also implicated.	Alanine	102-109	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	27-32
15116093-5	2004	MCF55a cells were established by transfection of full-length p53 carrying Thr55 mutation (Thr to Ala) into MCF7 cells.	Alanine	97-100	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	61-64
15093686-5	2004	We have also shown that alanine substitution of the putative G-protein coupling DRY(141-143) motif of the second intracellular loop significantly decreases the human AT(2) receptor"s ability to inhibit insulin-induced ERK-2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	24-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	202-209
15093686-5	2004	We have also shown that alanine substitution of the putative G-protein coupling DRY(141-143) motif of the second intracellular loop significantly decreases the human AT(2) receptor"s ability to inhibit insulin-induced ERK-2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	24-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
14757772-0	2004	Identification of the amino acid residues of the platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) essential for the von Willebrand factor binding by clustered charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	153-160	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	99-120
15073328-8	2004	A CREB mutant containing Ala substitutions at ATM phosphorylation sites displayed enhanced transactivation potential, resistance to inhibition by IR, and increased binding to CBP.	Alanine	25-28	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
16120360-4	2004	We identified two different heteroplasmic mutations in the mtDNA of two subjects: G4298A in the tRNA(Ala) (Alanine) gene and T10010C in the tRNA(Gly) (Glycine), both of which have been reported previously.	Alanine	101-104	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	140-149
14764606-5	2004	Second, shotgun alanine scanning of BCMA was used to map critical residues for either APRIL or BAFF binding.	Alanine	16-23	TNF superfamily member 13	Homo sapiens	86-91
15047604-5	2004	Expression of constitutively active PKB alpha abrogates dexamethasone stimulation of hPDK4 promoter activity, while coexpression of constitutively active FOXO1a or FOXO3a, which are mutated to alanine at the three phosphorylation sites for protein kinase B (PKB), disrupts the ability of PKB alpha to inhibit promoter activity.	Alanine	193-200	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-45
15047604-5	2004	Expression of constitutively active PKB alpha abrogates dexamethasone stimulation of hPDK4 promoter activity, while coexpression of constitutively active FOXO1a or FOXO3a, which are mutated to alanine at the three phosphorylation sites for protein kinase B (PKB), disrupts the ability of PKB alpha to inhibit promoter activity.	Alanine	193-200	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
15051856-4	2004	A key element in the diet appears to be the higher intake of BCAA leucine with unique regulatory actions on muscle protein synthesis, modulation of the insulin signal, and sparing of glucose use by stimulation of the glucose-alanine cycle.	Alanine	225-232	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	61-65
14761940-6	2004	The interaction between Rsp5 and Rvs167 is mediated through Rsp5 WW domains and PXY motifs in the central Gly-Pro-Ala-rich domain of Rvs167.	Alanine	114-117	amphiphysin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-39
14761940-6	2004	The interaction between Rsp5 and Rvs167 is mediated through Rsp5 WW domains and PXY motifs in the central Gly-Pro-Ala-rich domain of Rvs167.	Alanine	114-117	amphiphysin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-139
14734545-5	2004	Individual alanine mutations of seven conserved amino acids flanking the hydroxylated asparagine in HIF-1alpha revealed the importance of the valine (Val-802) adjacent to the targeted asparagine.	Alanine	11-18	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	100-110
14701673-4	2004	Transfection experiments revealed that a kinase inactive-mutant of Akt or a triple mutant (TM) of FKHRL1, in which all three of the putative Akt phosphorylation sites were converted to alanine, was unable to phosphorylate the FKHRL1 protein in cells treated with cisplatin.	Alanine	185-192	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	98-104
15024086-6	2004	Mutation of this site to alanine strongly attenuates the effects of insulin and rapamycin both on the binding of calmodulin to eEF2 kinase and on eEF2 kinase activity.	Alanine	25-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
16120360-4	2004	We identified two different heteroplasmic mutations in the mtDNA of two subjects: G4298A in the tRNA(Ala) (Alanine) gene and T10010C in the tRNA(Gly) (Glycine), both of which have been reported previously.	Alanine	107-114	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	140-149
15004204-5	2004	Analysis of the IL-2 secretion from peptide 2-reactive T cell hybridomas stimulated with alanine-substituted peptides identified three residues that were crucial to the response.	Alanine	89-96	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	16-20
14645224-9	2004	Analysis of 14 deletion and alanine substitution mutants revealed a correlation between CBF1 binding, CSL-mediated transactivation, and AP-1 repression.	Alanine	28-35	recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region	Homo sapiens	88-92
14645224-9	2004	Analysis of 14 deletion and alanine substitution mutants revealed a correlation between CBF1 binding, CSL-mediated transactivation, and AP-1 repression.	Alanine	28-35	recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region	Homo sapiens	102-105
14645224-9	2004	Analysis of 14 deletion and alanine substitution mutants revealed a correlation between CBF1 binding, CSL-mediated transactivation, and AP-1 repression.	Alanine	28-35	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	136-140
14722080-5	2004	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the ankyrin-B ANK (ankyrin repeat) repeat beta-hairpin loop tips revealed that consecutive ANK repeat beta-hairpin loop tips (repeats 22-24) are required for InsP(3)R interaction, thus providing the first detailed evidence of how ankyrin polypeptides associate with membrane proteins.	Alanine	0-7	ankyrin 2	Homo sapiens	36-45
14699136-8	2004	Simultaneous mutation of the adjacent Trp(141) to Ala but not at the following Tyr(142) weakened the acquired ability to stimulate cAMP levels in the EP3 mutant.	Alanine	50-53	prostaglandin E receptor 3	Homo sapiens	150-153
14701864-1	2004	C-terminal truncation of ADAMTS-4 from the p68 form to the p53 form is required for activation of its capacity to cleave the Glu(373)-Ala(374) interglobular domain bond of aggrecan.	Alanine	134-137	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	59-62
14978285-6	2004	Among residues constituting the interface, Phe-34, Ser-36A, Leu-65, Tyr-76, Arg-77A, Ile-82, and Lys-110 of thrombin and the A alpha chain Trp-33, Phe-35, Asp-38, Glu-39, the B beta chain Ala-68 and Asp-69, and the gamma chain Asp-27 and Ser-30 of E(ht) form a net of polar contacts surrounding a well defined hydrophobic interior.	Alanine	188-191	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	108-116
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	26-29
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	30-34
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	87-90
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	91-95
15134345-2	2004	We substituted alanines for amino acid triplets in this region of p17 (amino acid residues 47 to 55: NPG LLE TSE).	Alanine	15-23	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	66-69
14980791-4	2004	Alanine substitutions of some of the first four amino acid residues (the basic core residues KKRR, 15-18) greatly reduces ACTH activity in vitro and in vivo; replacement of mutant alanines at residues 15 and 17 with glutamine residues partially restores ACTH activity.	Alanine	0-7	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-126
14980791-4	2004	Alanine substitutions of some of the first four amino acid residues (the basic core residues KKRR, 15-18) greatly reduces ACTH activity in vitro and in vivo; replacement of mutant alanines at residues 15 and 17 with glutamine residues partially restores ACTH activity.	Alanine	0-7	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	254-258
14980791-4	2004	Alanine substitutions of some of the first four amino acid residues (the basic core residues KKRR, 15-18) greatly reduces ACTH activity in vitro and in vivo; replacement of mutant alanines at residues 15 and 17 with glutamine residues partially restores ACTH activity.	Alanine	180-188	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	122-126
14980791-6	2004	Surprisingly, conversion of the five C-terminal residues (20-24) to alanines increases ACTH activity in vivo over that of native ACTH.	Alanine	68-76	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	87-91
14980791-6	2004	Surprisingly, conversion of the five C-terminal residues (20-24) to alanines increases ACTH activity in vivo over that of native ACTH.	Alanine	68-76	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	129-133
14978160-7	2004	Alanine substitution mutations at four highly conserved residues-L(358), N(359), K(363), and V(366)-in this region greatly abrogated the ability of STAT3 to bind NF-kappaB p65.	Alanine	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	148-153
14978160-7	2004	Alanine substitution mutations at four highly conserved residues-L(358), N(359), K(363), and V(366)-in this region greatly abrogated the ability of STAT3 to bind NF-kappaB p65.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	162-171
14990700-3	2004	We now show that a region of moderate hydrophobicity we call the hydrophobic patch (HP), present in the small N-terminal ectodomain of p10, shares the following characteristics with the fusion peptides of enveloped virus fusion proteins: (i) an abundance of glycine and alanine residues, (ii) a potential amphipathic secondary structure, (iii) membrane-seeking characteristics that correspond to the degree of hydrophobicity, and (iv) the ability to induce lipid mixing in a liposome fusion assay.	Alanine	270-277	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	135-138
15113827-2	2004	Previously, we isolated fourteen temperature-sensitive Phe-to-Ala mutations of the CaM-encoding gene CMD1.	Alanine	62-65	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-86
15113827-2	2004	Previously, we isolated fourteen temperature-sensitive Phe-to-Ala mutations of the CaM-encoding gene CMD1.	Alanine	62-65	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-105
14960371-5	2004	NR1 prefers smaller ligands (glycine, serine, and alanine) in comparison with GluRB and GluR0 that bind l-glutamate: the bulky side chain of W731 in NR1 dramatically reduces the size of the ligand-binding site, functioning to selectively restrict recognition to glycine and the d-isomers of serine and alanine.	Alanine	302-309	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
14978231-6	2004	Alanine substitution of a single threonine in the second cytoplasmic loop of the muOR (Threonine 180) blocked agonist-dependent receptor uncoupling without affecting receptor internalization.	Alanine	0-7	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	81-85
14610221-4	2004	We have identified a polymorphism in Chrna4 that results in an alanine (A) or threonine (T) residue at position 529 in the second intracellular loop of the protein.	Alanine	63-70	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	37-43
14570910-12	2004	We established cells that stably express mutant TLP lacking TFIIA binding ability and identified the amino acids of TLP required for TFIIA binding (Ala-32, Leu-33, Asn-37, Arg-52, Lys-53, Lys-78, and Arg-86).	Alanine	148-151	TATA-box binding protein like 1	Homo sapiens	116-119
14769016-8	2004	Binding of X5 to alanine scanning mutants of gp120JR-CSF complexed with CD4 suggested a critical role of the highly conserved amino acid residues at positions 423 and 432.	Alanine	17-24	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	72-75
14756561-5	2004	Mutating the two putative Akt phosphorylation sites to Ala (nonsubstrate) in these peptides increases the inhibitory potency while mutating the sites to aspartic acid (phosphorylation mimetic) reduces the potency.	Alanine	55-58	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
14747992-1	2004	Alanine-scanning site-directed mutagenesis of residues in five surface loops of an extensive basic surface on protein C was used to identify residues that play essential roles in its activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex.	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	201-209
14730973-8	2004	Specifically, substitutions Gln(6)--&gt;Glu(6) and Asn(10)--&gt;Lys(10) were introduced into the most potent [Ala(1,3,12),Gln(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]PTH(1-14)NH2 agonist.	Alanine	110-113	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	146-149
15009537-2	2004	Previous research had pointed to the essential role of cationic residues, therefore, the importance of residues within the NLS of NF-kappaB was evaluated for cellular uptake using an alanine replacement strategy.	Alanine	183-190	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	130-139
14570906-6	2004	Substitution of the RHRRR sequence with alanine residues abolished raft localization of the CD4 mutant, RA5, as determined biochemically using solubilization in nonionic detergents and by confocal microscopy.	Alanine	40-47	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	92-95
14593110-8	2004	Co-expression of DYRK1A, DYRK1B, or DYRK2 with a series of glycogen synthase mutants with Ser/Ala substitutions at the phosphorylation sites in COS cells revealed that protein kinases cause phosphorylation of site 3a in glycogen synthase.	Alanine	94-97	dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A	Homo sapiens	17-23
14594952-11	2004	In contrast, the mutants lysine 822 and 824 to alanine demonstrated the presence of an overlapping F-actin and PIP(2)-binding site in the actin cross-linking domain of villin.	Alanine	47-54	prolactin induced protein	Homo sapiens	111-114
14535845-3	2004	To investigate the molecular basis for high-affinity activation of RyR1 by IpTx(a), we have determined the NMR solution structure of IpTx(a), and identified its functional surface by using alanine-scanning analogues.	Alanine	189-196	ryanodine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
15042845-6	2004	Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) proved to be associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms Ala(-9)Val (SOD2), Arg213Gly (SOD3), and T(-262)C (CAT) and with a polymorphic microsatellite of the NOS2 promoter.	Alanine	91-94	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	103-107
15041079-3	2004	Herein, we identified two mutations within the putative signal sequence of TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) gene of TGF-beta-resistant B-CLL patients (i.e., a Leu12Gln substitution together with an in-frame single Ala deletion).	Alanine	217-220	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	75-83
14681835-10	2004	However, in carriers of the Ala allele the association of P:S ratio with fasting insulin was modified by activity level (interaction P = 0.038).	Alanine	28-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
14681835-12	2004	In contrast, in physically active Ala carriers, the association of P:S ratio with log fasting insulin was highly significant (beta = -0.93, P =.004).	Alanine	34-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
14681835-15	2004	In contrast, in Ala allele carriers, PAL modifies the association between P:S ratio and fasting insulin level in a multiplicative manner.	Alanine	16-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
14684335-1	2004	We describe herein the syntheses and evaluation of a series of C-termini pyridyl containing Phe*-Ala-based BACE inhibitors (5-19).	Alanine	97-100	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
14684336-0	2004	P3 cap modified Phe*-Ala series BACE inhibitors.	Alanine	21-24	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
12969981-0	2004	Deletion of alanine 2201 in the FVIII C2 domain results in mild hemophilia A by impairing FVIII binding to VWF and phospholipids and destroys a major FVIII antigenic determinant involved in inhibitor development.	Alanine	12-19	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
15051513-7	2004	Alteration of the native CD33(65-73) peptide at the first amino acid residue from alanine (A) to tyrosine (Y) enhanced the HLA-A2.1 affinity/stability of the modified CD33 peptide (YIISGDSPV) and induced CTLs with increased cytotoxicity against AML cells.	Alanine	82-89	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	25-29
15051513-7	2004	Alteration of the native CD33(65-73) peptide at the first amino acid residue from alanine (A) to tyrosine (Y) enhanced the HLA-A2.1 affinity/stability of the modified CD33 peptide (YIISGDSPV) and induced CTLs with increased cytotoxicity against AML cells.	Alanine	82-89	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	167-171
14551205-5	2003	Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70S6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex.	Alanine	14-21	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
14974709-10	2004	Present results have been rationalized based on the assumption that an orientational restriction is imposed for the encounter complexes in quinone-AlA systems to undergo ET reactions, which arises because of the localized (at amino nitrogen) shapes of the highest-occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of AlA in comparison to the pi-like HOMO of the ArA.	Alanine	147-150	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	347-350
14974709-10	2004	Present results have been rationalized based on the assumption that an orientational restriction is imposed for the encounter complexes in quinone-AlA systems to undergo ET reactions, which arises because of the localized (at amino nitrogen) shapes of the highest-occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of AlA in comparison to the pi-like HOMO of the ArA.	Alanine	302-305	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	347-350
14690419-2	2003	Alanine mutagenesis was used to probe all the side chain mediated interactions that occur between tRNA(Arg2)(ICG) and ArgRS.	Alanine	0-7	acetyl-CoA:L-glutamate N-acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-107
14532276-3	2003	Using site-directed mutagenesis, we prepared recombinant RyR1 and RyR2 mutant receptors mimicking constitutively phosphorylated and dephosphorylated channels carrying a Ser/Asp (RyR1-S2843D and RyR2-S2809D) and Ser/Ala (RyR1-S2843A and RyR2-S2809A) substitution, respectively.	Alanine	215-218	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
15562828-7	2004	The residues of insulin involved in receptor binding have been mapped by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	73-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
14506259-3	2003	The catalytic efficiency of CDK2-cyclin A is impaired 2000-, 10-, and 150-fold, when Pro+1, Lys+2, or Lys+3, respectively, is substituted with Ala in a short synthetic peptide substrate.	Alanine	143-146	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	33-41
14551205-5	2003	Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70S6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex.	Alanine	14-21	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-149
14678993-7	2003	Furthermore, overexpressing alanine-substituted (S75A) Bad further sensitizes melanoma cells to MEK inhibitor-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	28-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	96-99
14680817-10	2003	Tyrosine phosphorylation of Rab24 was reduced by alanine substitution of two unique tyrosines, one found in a strong consensus phosphorylation motif (Y [Formula: see text] ) in the hypervariable domain (Y172) and the other falling within the GXXXGK(S/T) motif known as the P-loop (Y17).	Alanine	49-56	RAB24, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	28-33
14657362-4	2003	This single-nucleotide polymorphism results in replacement of alanine (CD24a) with valine (CD24v) in the mature protein.	Alanine	62-69	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	71-76
12921534-7	2003	A strong correlation between binding and apoptosis suppression was also obtained using a series of alanine substitutions spanning the length of the Bax BH3 domain to identify critical residues for Bcl-B binding.	Alanine	99-106	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	148-151
14528023-6	2003	In addition, inclusion of additional alanines into the MWNLL sequence either in the Tac chimera or the full-length PSMA strongly inhibited internalization.	Alanine	37-45	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
14645688-3	2003	The Ser/Thr residues mutated to Ala include potential G protein-coupled receptor kinase, protein kinase A and protein kinase C targets that are of particular interest for VPAC1 receptor desensitization.	Alanine	32-35	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	171-185
14599745-7	2003	Substitution of each of these sites to alanine (in combination) reduced the ability of DNA-PK to phosphorylate XRCC4 in vitro by at least two orders of magnitude.	Alanine	39-46	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	87-93
14506127-3	2003	The aim of this study was to determine whether the human PPAR gamma proline to alanine substitution polymorphism (Pro12Ala) modifies the association between dietary fat and adiposity and plasma lipids.	Alanine	79-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	57-67
14633865-4	2003	The genotypic distribution of the PPARgamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism in these diabetic patients was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the Ala allele frequency was 9%.	Alanine	50-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	34-44
14633983-6	2003	Moreover, the Ser278--&gt;Ala mutation yields a dominant-negative PACS-1 molecule that selectively blocks retrieval of PACS-1-regulated cargo molecules to the TGN.	Alanine	26-29	phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
14633983-6	2003	Moreover, the Ser278--&gt;Ala mutation yields a dominant-negative PACS-1 molecule that selectively blocks retrieval of PACS-1-regulated cargo molecules to the TGN.	Alanine	26-29	phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
12921534-7	2003	A strong correlation between binding and apoptosis suppression was also obtained using a series of alanine substitutions spanning the length of the Bax BH3 domain to identify critical residues for Bcl-B binding.	Alanine	99-106	BCL2 like 10	Homo sapiens	197-202
12921534-8	2003	Conversely, using structure-based modelling to design mutations in the BH3-binding pocket of Bcl-B, we produced two Bcl-B mutants (Leu86--&gt;Ala and Arg96--&gt;Gln) that failed to bind Bax and that also were unable to suppress apoptosis induced by Bax over-expression.	Alanine	142-145	BCL2 like 10	Homo sapiens	93-98
12921534-8	2003	Conversely, using structure-based modelling to design mutations in the BH3-binding pocket of Bcl-B, we produced two Bcl-B mutants (Leu86--&gt;Ala and Arg96--&gt;Gln) that failed to bind Bax and that also were unable to suppress apoptosis induced by Bax over-expression.	Alanine	142-145	BCL2 like 10	Homo sapiens	116-121
14686752-4	2003	Direct sequencing analysis revealed a novel missense mutation at codon 342 in exon 7 causing an amino acid change from alanine to proline (A342P) of the MEN1 gene.	Alanine	119-126	menin 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
14580198-2	2003	This mutation to threonine from alanine in position 35 in helix II of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain is associated with early embryonic lethality in Drosophila melanogaster.	Alanine	32-39	ventral nervous system defective	Drosophila melanogaster	78-82
14563493-8	2003	C5aR mutated to either Ala or Asp at this position lost nearly all responsiveness to both C5a and C5a des-Arg(74), suggesting that mutation of Arg(175) caused a non-specific loss of receptor conformation and a loss of signalling capacity.	Alanine	23-26	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
14563493-8	2003	C5aR mutated to either Ala or Asp at this position lost nearly all responsiveness to both C5a and C5a des-Arg(74), suggesting that mutation of Arg(175) caused a non-specific loss of receptor conformation and a loss of signalling capacity.	Alanine	23-26	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
14563493-9	2003	However, V3 could still activate Arg(175)Asp/Ala-C5aR with the same potency as wild-type C5aR, demonstrating that the mutant receptors retained high signalling capability and showed a specific loss of responsiveness.	Alanine	45-48	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
14555477-6	2003	Replacement of T42 with alanine (T42A) compromises Ste50p function.	Alanine	24-31	Ste50p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-57
14622273-9	2003	The observation that the KI value for mutant AChE in which Ala replaced Trp286 is similar to that for wild-type BChE, further confirms our hypothesis.	Alanine	59-62	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-49
12871932-7	2003	Moreover, p105 degradation in response to TNF-alpha is prevented in GSK-3 beta-/- fibroblasts and by a Ser to Ala point mutation on p105 at positions 903 or 907.	Alanine	110-113	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
12871932-7	2003	Moreover, p105 degradation in response to TNF-alpha is prevented in GSK-3 beta-/- fibroblasts and by a Ser to Ala point mutation on p105 at positions 903 or 907.	Alanine	110-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-51
12871932-7	2003	Moreover, p105 degradation in response to TNF-alpha is prevented in GSK-3 beta-/- fibroblasts and by a Ser to Ala point mutation on p105 at positions 903 or 907.	Alanine	110-113	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
14622120-5	2003	This process was inhibited by system ASC substrates such as l-alanine and l-serine, suggesting that system ASC transporters, ASCT1 and ASCT2, are involved in the l-isomer selective transport.	Alanine	60-69	solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	125-130
14622120-5	2003	This process was inhibited by system ASC substrates such as l-alanine and l-serine, suggesting that system ASC transporters, ASCT1 and ASCT2, are involved in the l-isomer selective transport.	Alanine	60-69	solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	135-140
14617798-6	2003	Cysteine-to-alanine analogues of the GIP retain the antigrowth properties, while similar cysteine-to-glycine and cysteine-to-serine analogues demonstrate little, if any, growth regulatory activity.	Alanine	12-19	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	37-40
12902327-4	2003	Conversely, expression of a proline to alanine (P309,310A) PTP1B mutant, which cannot activate Src, fails to activate Rho GTPases or cause changes in actin organization.	Alanine	39-46	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
14514601-0	2003	Prospective study of the association between the proline to alanine codon 12 polymorphism in the PPARgamma gene and type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	60-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
13679012-1	2003	A common polymorphism of the 54th codon of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), in which threonine substitutes for alanine (T54), has been linked to insulin resistance and/or increased postprandial triglycerides in various studies.	Alanine	116-123	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	43-71
13679012-1	2003	A common polymorphism of the 54th codon of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), in which threonine substitutes for alanine (T54), has been linked to insulin resistance and/or increased postprandial triglycerides in various studies.	Alanine	116-123	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	73-78
13679012-1	2003	A common polymorphism of the 54th codon of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), in which threonine substitutes for alanine (T54), has been linked to insulin resistance and/or increased postprandial triglycerides in various studies.	Alanine	116-123	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
12963422-1	2003	It has been shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius and into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus inhibits alanine absorption across the jejunum.	Alanine	164-171	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-56
12963422-1	2003	It has been shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injected into the nucleus tractus solitarius and into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus inhibits alanine absorption across the jejunum.	Alanine	164-171	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
12734197-7	2003	Interestingly, although structural evidence indicates that the impact of Lys-142 on catalysis probably occurs through the bridging Ser-217, the mutation of this latter residue to alanine impaired catalytic activity but left the amide/ester hydrolysis ratios of FAAH intact.	Alanine	179-186	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	261-265
12829699-7	2003	Replacing Trp1093 (a key residue within the calmodulin-binding domain) with alanine had a much more specific effect, because it exposed only proteolytic sites within the calmodulin-binding domain that had previously been shielded in the native protein.	Alanine	76-83	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	44-54
12815053-9	2003	Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1.	Alanine	89-92	POU class 3 homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
12829699-7	2003	Replacing Trp1093 (a key residue within the calmodulin-binding domain) with alanine had a much more specific effect, because it exposed only proteolytic sites within the calmodulin-binding domain that had previously been shielded in the native protein.	Alanine	76-83	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	170-180
13129803-1	2003	We present three members of a pedigree with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) who have a rare mutation in exon 4 of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) codon position 89, converting alanine to valine.	Alanine	192-199	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	128-154
12946357-0	2003	The functional binding epitope of a high affinity variant of human growth hormone mapped by shotgun alanine-scanning mutagenesis: insights into the mechanisms responsible for improved affinity.	Alanine	100-107	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-81
13129803-1	2003	We present three members of a pedigree with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) who have a rare mutation in exon 4 of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) codon position 89, converting alanine to valine.	Alanine	192-199	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
12815057-6	2003	Furthermore, individually mutating hSpry2 residues 52-59 to alanine indicated a tight correlation between their affinity for c-Cbl binding and their inhibition of ERK2 activity in the FGFR pathway.	Alanine	60-67	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2	Homo sapiens	35-41
14526269-1	2003	OBJECTIVES: To investigate if a dipeptide made of glutamine and alanine is able to contribute to the recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes.	Alanine	64-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
14526269-9	2003	CONCLUSION: Intravenous infusion of a dipeptide made of alanine and glutamine is capable to reactivate glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and to reduce hypoglycaemic symptoms.	Alanine	56-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
12939651-6	2003	A Gly/Ala substitution at position 160 of the NFATC4 protein (G160A) was associated with left ventricular mass and wall thickness (P=0.02 and 0.006, respectively, GA+AA vs GG), the minor allele (Ala) being associated with lower mean values of these parameters.	Alanine	6-9	nuclear factor of activated T cells 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
12815057-6	2003	Furthermore, individually mutating hSpry2 residues 52-59 to alanine indicated a tight correlation between their affinity for c-Cbl binding and their inhibition of ERK2 activity in the FGFR pathway.	Alanine	60-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
12759348-4	2003	Ang II stimulation led to phosphorylation of the alpha subunit Ser-11 and Ser-18 residues, and substitution of these amino acids with alanine residues completely abolished the Ang II-induced stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase-mediated Rb+ transport.	Alanine	134-141	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	176-182
12864777-7	2003	Alanine at residue 106 is highly conserved between mammalian species and is located in the immediate vicinity of the 112C/R polymorphism (apolipoprotein E4).	Alanine	0-7	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	138-155
12874010-0	2003	Radiochemical investigations of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-specific [(99m)Tc(X)(CO)3-Dpr-Ser-Ser-Ser-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-(NH2)] in PC-3, tumor-bearing, rodent models: syntheses, radiolabeling, and in vitro/in vivo studies where Dpr = 2,3-diaminopropionic acid and X = H2O or P(CH2OH)3.	Alanine	117-120	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	32-66
12799413-3	2003	Adenoviral vectors were used to express a non-secreted form of human IFNgamma or a non-secreted mutant form in which a previously demonstrated nuclear localization sequence (NLS), 128KTGKRKR134, was replaced with alanines at K and R positions.	Alanine	213-221	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	69-82
12836012-1	2003	The role of calmodulin (CaM) during mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by using a set of Phe-to-Ala substitutions.	Alanine	109-112	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-27
12897157-4	2003	Here, we demonstrated that chicken HSF1 lost the ability to activate heat shock genes through the amino-terminal domain containing an alanine-rich sequence and a DNA-binding domain.	Alanine	134-141	heat shock factor protein 3	Gallus gallus	35-39
12821118-7	2003	In vitro cleavage assays indicated that recombinant human JNK1beta2 and JNK2beta2 were cleaved by caspase-3, and that the mutation of aspartic acid at position 413 of JNK1beta2 or 410 of JNK2beta2 to alanine abolished the cleavage.	Alanine	200-207	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	98-107
12730194-5	2003	Mutation of conserved YQ and MKR motifs to alanine within the CIRB region in TRPC3-Topaz, which would be expected to interfere with IP3 receptor and/or calmodulin binding, had no effect on channel function or targeting.	Alanine	43-50	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	152-162
12821118-7	2003	In vitro cleavage assays indicated that recombinant human JNK1beta2 and JNK2beta2 were cleaved by caspase-3, and that the mutation of aspartic acid at position 413 of JNK1beta2 or 410 of JNK2beta2 to alanine abolished the cleavage.	Alanine	200-207	mitogen-activated protein kinase 9	Homo sapiens	72-80
12843187-7	2003	Stimulation was noted by 0.5 h, was maximal by 8 h, and persisted to 48 h. A similar 3-fold enhancement (P &lt; 0.01) was noted in response to Long-R3 IGF-I, but not in response to [Ala(31),Leu(60)]IGF-I.	Alanine	182-185	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
12943743-5	2003	Eight mutated genes of human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in which one codon for a cysteine residue was changed to that for alanine were prepared and expressed in COS-1 cells.	Alanine	126-133	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	29-59
12684508-5	2003	Deletion of either the entire putative helix or the central part of the helix or replacement of the six residues within the central part with alanines resulted in total loss of the 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase activity, whereas the full hydrolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were retained.	Alanine	142-150	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1	Homo sapiens	181-220
12684508-6	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that neither of the six residues alone is required for FDH activity.	Alanine	0-7	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1	Homo sapiens	93-96
12755701-8	2003	A "bipartite" binding site for YT521-B in emerin was identified using alanine substitution or disease-associated mutations in emerin.	Alanine	70-77	YTH domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
12788821-7	2003	Interestingly, even a linear formylated analogue, [Ala(11,15), Trp(For)(21)]ET-1(9-21), showed a selective ET(A) activity (EC(50): 3.0 x 10(-6) M).	Alanine	51-54	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
12628005-8	2003	PD98059 and a threonine to alanine mutation of the ERK1/2-responsive Ets2 phosphorylation site at position 72 inhibited the Ets2/PMA effect.	Alanine	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	51-57
12768544-5	2003	When alanine (A) was substituted for serine, S13A, S185A, and S194A mutants had decreased StAR activity compared to wildtype, thus determining the importance of these amino acid residues in StAR action.	Alanine	5-12	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
12768544-5	2003	When alanine (A) was substituted for serine, S13A, S185A, and S194A mutants had decreased StAR activity compared to wildtype, thus determining the importance of these amino acid residues in StAR action.	Alanine	5-12	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
12657632-2	2003	In this study, we performed Ala-scanning mutagenesis of all Tcf4 residues in the Tcf-beta-catenin interface and studied the binding energetics of these mutants using isothermal titration calorimetry.	Alanine	28-31	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	60-63
12657632-7	2003	Other mutations that significantly reduced Tcf binding constants were D11A and alanine mutations of the hydrophobic residues Leu41, Val44, and Leu48.	Alanine	79-86	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	43-46
12790809-4	2003	However, replacement of a conserved tyrosine residue in Helix 12 with alanine or aspartate (Y541A and Y541D), which renders ERalpha constitutively active in mammalian cells, had only a weak stimulatory effect on ligand-independent reporter activation by ERalpha in yeast.	Alanine	70-77	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	124-131
12800106-5	2003	In the carriers of the Ala allele (prevalence approximately 24%), insulin clearance in all 3 protocols was significantly greater ( approximately 10%), than in controls.	Alanine	23-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Alanine	151-154	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	173-176
12800091-3	2003	Therefore, 2 novel N-terminal Ala(2)-substituted analogs of GIP, with Ala substituted by 2-aminobutyric acid (Abu) or sarcosine (Sar), were synthesized and tested for metabolic stability and biological activity both in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	30-33	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-63
12738034-8	2003	(2) Due to steric hindrance, Ser(5.46) (vs Ala(5.46) in 5HT(2B) and 5HT(2C)) prevents sarpogrelate to enter deeply inside the hydrophobic core of the helix bundle and to interact with Pro(5.50).	Alanine	43-46	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens	56-62
12808052-8	2003	In contrast, the alanine substitution for tyrosine in the beta2 subunit endocytosis motif inhibited internalization of LFA-1, and severely impaired detachment at the cell rear, which resulted in long-elongated cell shapes.	Alanine	17-24	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
12663371-0	2003	Alanine for proline substitution in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARG2) gene and the risk of incident myocardial infarction.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	40-90
12624098-4	2003	Mutation of Thr-62 (to Ala) in PDEgamma produced a GRK2 phosphorylation-resistant mutant that was less effective in associating with GRK2 in response to epidermal growth factor and did not potentiate the stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by this growth factor.	Alanine	23-26	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
12624098-4	2003	Mutation of Thr-62 (to Ala) in PDEgamma produced a GRK2 phosphorylation-resistant mutant that was less effective in associating with GRK2 in response to epidermal growth factor and did not potentiate the stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by this growth factor.	Alanine	23-26	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
12551920-4	2003	We found that BACE undergoes cleavage on a surface-exposed alpha-helix between amino acid residues Leu-228 and Ala-229, generating stable N- and C-terminal fragments that remain covalently associated via a disulfide bond.	Alanine	111-114	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
12761502-6	2003	We identified two domains responsible for FEV-mediated repression: the ETS domain, responsible for passive repression, and the carboxy-terminal alanine-rich domain, involved in active repression.	Alanine	144-151	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	42-45
12761502-7	2003	In the Ets-independent LEXA system also, FEV acts as a transcriptional repressor via its alanine-rich carboxy-terminal domain.	Alanine	89-96	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	41-44
12761502-9	2003	We also showed that long-term overexpression of FEV proteins containing the alanine-rich domain prevents cell clones from growing, whereas clones expressing a truncated FEV protein lacking this domain develop like control cells.	Alanine	76-83	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	48-51
12731881-7	2003	To avoid cleavage of substrates during these measurements, we used inactive variants of trypsin and u-PA whose catalytic serine S195 had been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	154-161	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	100-104
12600984-3	2003	Substitution of the proline residues Pro-424 and Pro-427 by alanines results in loss of Akt activity and phosphorylation induced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF), possibly because these mutations disrupt the interaction between Akt and the SH3 domain of Src.	Alanine	60-68	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
12600984-3	2003	Substitution of the proline residues Pro-424 and Pro-427 by alanines results in loss of Akt activity and phosphorylation induced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF), possibly because these mutations disrupt the interaction between Akt and the SH3 domain of Src.	Alanine	60-68	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	232-235
12663371-0	2003	Alanine for proline substitution in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARG2) gene and the risk of incident myocardial infarction.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-98
12663371-2	2003	A common alanine (A) for proline (P) substitution at codon 12 in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-2 gene (PPARG2) has been associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Alanine	9-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	69-119
12663371-2	2003	A common alanine (A) for proline (P) substitution at codon 12 in the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-2 gene (PPARG2) has been associated with reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Alanine	9-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	126-132
12716762-6	2003	After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, adult subjects with the genotype Pro/Pro, Pro/Ala, and Ala/Ala, respectively, showed significant decreasing trends in fasting insulin (11.7, 10.3, and 8.8 micro U/ml; P = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (2.4, 2.1, and 1.7; P = 0.006).	Alanine	85-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
12716762-6	2003	After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, adult subjects with the genotype Pro/Pro, Pro/Ala, and Ala/Ala, respectively, showed significant decreasing trends in fasting insulin (11.7, 10.3, and 8.8 micro U/ml; P = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (2.4, 2.1, and 1.7; P = 0.006).	Alanine	94-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
12716762-6	2003	After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, adult subjects with the genotype Pro/Pro, Pro/Ala, and Ala/Ala, respectively, showed significant decreasing trends in fasting insulin (11.7, 10.3, and 8.8 micro U/ml; P = 0.002) and HOMA-IR (2.4, 2.1, and 1.7; P = 0.006).	Alanine	94-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
12588872-9	2003	Strikingly, however, although meizothrombins modified by substitution of Asp(554) with either Ala or Leu or by deletion of loop-2 had 6-8 and &lt;1%, respectively, of the clotting activity of alpha-thrombin, the activity of these meizothrombins for protein C was increased to &gt;10 times that of alpha-thrombin.	Alanine	94-97	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	35-43
12706118-5	2003	We have found up-regulated levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) protein in HDF expressing 143(ala) mutant p53 as compared to senescent controls, together with an increase in p21-free cdk2 which, in conjunction with cyclin E, is able to form an active kinase which can phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein.	Alanine	104-107	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	116-119
12578831-4	2003	Replacement of His-334 in alpha(1)-antitrypsin by a serine or alanine at pH 7.4 results in the same polymerization and loop-peptide acceptance observed with antithrombin at low pH.	Alanine	62-69	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	26-46
12667067-6	2003	Substitution of L124 with isoleucine (I), valine (V), cysteine (C), or alanine (A) generated a series of CRP variants that exhibited unique differences in apo-CRP resistance to protease, the mass of the core fragments generated in protease digestion reactions, cAMP-mediated allostery, and CRP-cAMP complex functionality.	Alanine	71-78	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	105-108
12637568-7	2003	Expression of AS160 with two or more of these sites mutated to alanine markedly inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Alanine	63-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
12591925-3	2003	Mutation of serines 116 and 617 to alanine promoted a greater protein-protein interaction with hsp90 and Akt and greater phosphorylation on serine 1179, the major site for Akt phosphorylation.	Alanine	35-42	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
12591925-3	2003	Mutation of serines 116 and 617 to alanine promoted a greater protein-protein interaction with hsp90 and Akt and greater phosphorylation on serine 1179, the major site for Akt phosphorylation.	Alanine	35-42	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	172-175
12670900-0	2003	Fas-mediated apoptosis is dependent on wild-type p53 status in human cancer cells expressing a temperature-sensitive p53 mutant alanine-143.	Alanine	128-135	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	117-120
12660328-1	2003	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT) is largely located in mitochondria in carnivores, whereas it is entirely found within peroxisomes in herbivores and humans.	Alanine	16-23	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	57-60
12794305-4	2003	In both the CCK-1R and CCK-2R, we demonstrate that alanine substitution of two TMD IV residues, which are highly conserved among all known CCK receptor subtypes and species homologs, significantly decrease CCK-8 affinity.	Alanine	51-58	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	23-29
12471043-11	2003	Total glucose production and gluconeogenesis from alanine were unchanged with bed rest but were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) with the BCAA group in the recovery phase.	Alanine	50-57	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	141-145
12629049-5	2003	Because PKCalpha can phosphorylate the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) motif of DGKzeta, we tested whether this modification could affect their interaction.	Alanine	53-60	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	8-16
12644579-0	2003	Mutation of the androgen receptor at amino acid 708 (Gly--&gt;Ala) abolishes partial agonist activity of steroidal antiandrogens.	Alanine	62-65	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	16-33
12747452-8	2003	The FPR-110Phe--&gt;Ala mutant demonstrated markedly lower surface expression, normal ligand binding affinity, markedly lower G-protein coupling, and markedly lower chemotaxis toward FMLP.	Alanine	20-23	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
12747452-8	2003	The FPR-110Phe--&gt;Ala mutant demonstrated markedly lower surface expression, normal ligand binding affinity, markedly lower G-protein coupling, and markedly lower chemotaxis toward FMLP.	Alanine	20-23	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
12673386-4	2003	Some trace residues had been proved to be important in ligand-receptor binding, especially in rat GFRalpha1, where alanine scanning mutagenesis confirmed that sites N(152)N(153), R(259), S(316)N(317)S(318) and Q(247)D(248)S(249) were critical for GFRalpha1 binding to GDNF or Ret and thus affected the formation of GDNF-GFRalpha1-Ret complex.	Alanine	115-122	GDNF family receptor alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
12522143-8	2003	Competition studies using synthetic peptides suggested that LRP binding involves the FVIII-specific region Lys(1804)-Ala(1834) in the A3 domain.	Alanine	117-120	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
12499375-9	2003	Mutations in Ala(478), Cys(608), and Thr(314) to their homologous amino acid residues in CPT II, CAT, and ChAT caused various decreases in malonyl-CoA sensitivity.	Alanine	13-16	carnitine O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12431909-5	2003	Also in HEK293 cells, the Ala(496) mutant mediated typical P2X(7) receptor-dependent currents like the parent Glu(496) hP2X(7) receptor.	Alanine	26-29	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	59-74
12618767-1	2003	To evaluate the function of cysteine residues of the Src kinase, we constructed a series of Src mutants in which some of cysteines were replaced to alanines.	Alanine	148-156	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	53-56
12618767-1	2003	To evaluate the function of cysteine residues of the Src kinase, we constructed a series of Src mutants in which some of cysteines were replaced to alanines.	Alanine	148-156	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	92-95
12431909-5	2003	Also in HEK293 cells, the Ala(496) mutant mediated typical P2X(7) receptor-dependent currents like the parent Glu(496) hP2X(7) receptor.	Alanine	26-29	purinergic receptor P2X 7	Homo sapiens	119-135
12446668-6	2003	Alanine and homolog scanning mutagenesis (in a combinatorial phage display format) identifies Erbin side chains that make energetically important contacts with the ligand.	Alanine	0-7	erbb2 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	94-99
12615821-3	2003	RESULTS: A significantly different allele distribution of the Pro12 Ala polymorphism of the PPARgamma gene was observed between the two groups, with the frequency of the variant Ala isoform being significantly reduced in the PCOS group (12.6%) when compared with the control group (19.1%) (P = 0.045), at an odds ratio of 0.609 (95% confidence interval: 0.374-0.991).	Alanine	68-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
12631740-5	2003	In vivo, Smad3 and Smad4 proteins enhanced the transactivation function of various GAL4-HNF-4 fusion proteins via the AF-1 and the adjacent DNA binding domain, whereas a single tyrosine to alanine substitution in AF-1 abolished coactivation by Smads.	Alanine	189-196	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	88-93
12606756-5	2003	Docking of DHPs inside this crevice located the DHP ring between Phe-1159 of IIIS6 and Ala-1467 of IVS6, parallel to the pore axis, whereas the 4-aryl ring participated in aromatic and polar interactions with the side chains of Tyr-1152 and Tyr-1463.	Alanine	87-90	deoxyhypusine synthase	Homo sapiens	11-15
12685816-3	2003	For this purpose, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-alanine for aminopeptidase N, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-leucine for leucine aminopeptidase, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-glutamic acid for aminopeptidase A and 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-arginine for aminopeptidase B were employed.	Alanine	47-56	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	61-75
12581743-4	2003	Our data revealed that constitutive expression of a mutant form of p67 (D6/2) in mammalian cells resulted in increased POEP activity, and this activity was partially inhibited when second-site alanine substitutions at the conserved amino acids D251, D262, E364, and E459 were introduced in the D6/2 mutant.	Alanine	193-200	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	67-70
12581743-6	2003	Individual alanine substitutions at the above conserved amino acids in wild-type p67 did not show any significant effect on POEP activity except the E459 position where alanine substitution caused approximately 50% increase in POEP activity as compared to the wild type.	Alanine	11-18	CD33 molecule	Homo sapiens	81-84
12524418-1	2003	During a search for causative genes in patients with concurrent multiple primary colon tumours, we found a novel case with a germline mutation of the p53 gene, from GCC (Ala) to GTC (Val) at codon 189.	Alanine	170-173	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	150-153
12569367-5	2003	Two serine residues in ER81 are phosphorylated by MSK1, and mutating these serine residues to alanines dramatically diminishes the ability of MSK1 to stimulate ER81.	Alanine	94-102	ETS variant transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
12569367-5	2003	Two serine residues in ER81 are phosphorylated by MSK1, and mutating these serine residues to alanines dramatically diminishes the ability of MSK1 to stimulate ER81.	Alanine	94-102	ETS variant transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
12761189-2	2003	Mutation of three amino acids, -Leu-Met-Tyr, at the carboxy-terminal end of the transmembrane segment of b5 to alanines resulted in localization of the mutated protein, b5LMY/AAA, in the cytosol as well as in the ER membrane.	Alanine	111-119	glycoprotein hormone subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	105-107
12533615-2	2003	To seek the molecular candidates responsible for glia-borne L-Ser transport, we performed histochemical analyses on amino acid transporter ASCT1, which prefers small neutral amino acids, such as Ala, Ser, Cys, and Thr, and mediates their obligatory exchange.	Alanine	195-198	solute carrier family 1 (glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	139-144
12620228-5	2003	Replacement of S649 by alanine inactivates TIF-IA, inhibits pre-rRNA synthesis, and retards cell growth.	Alanine	23-30	RRN3 homolog, RNA polymerase I transcription factor	Homo sapiens	43-49
12525616-4	2003	Alanine substitutions were introduced at the potential phosphorylation sites in p12, and the resulting mutants were tested for replication.	Alanine	0-7	DNA polymerase epsilon 4, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	80-83
12601634-9	2003	This result suggests that the Ala allele is associated with improvement in insulin resistance after exercise.	Alanine	30-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
12713798-2	2003	Therefore, a novel di-substituted analogue of GIP, (Ser(2)-Asp(13))GIP, containing a negatively charged Asp residue in place of an Ala in position 13, was synthesised and evaluated for in vitro biological activity.	Alanine	131-134	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
12573014-2	2003	To control this process we constructed a nonphosphorylatable Ser(51)Ala site-directed mutant of eIF2alpha, a subunit of the trimeric eIF2 complex that is implicated in regulation of the global rate of mRNA translation initiation in eukaryotic cells.	Alanine	68-71	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Cricetulus griseus	96-105
12713798-6	2003	These results demonstrate that despite increased resistance to DPP IV, substituting Ala in position 13 with a negatively charged Asp, thus producing the di-substituted analogue (Ser(2)-Asp(13))GIP, significantly reduces biological activity, most likely due to modifications within the secondary structure.	Alanine	84-87	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
12502512-8	2003	We demonstrated an association between the Ala allele and reduced risk of diabetes and insulin resistance in twins.	Alanine	43-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
12519420-6	2003	Direct mutational analysis by sequencing of the vasopressin gene in germline DNA revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (G--&gt;A) at nucleotide 279, predicting the substitution of alanine by threonine at position -1 of the signal peptide moiety.	Alanine	184-191	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	48-59
12502816-7	2003	In assays of EBNA2- and RBP-Jkappa-dependent transcription, EBNA3A amino acids 1 to 386 were sufficient for repression equivalent to that by wild-type EBNA3A, amino acids 1 to 124 were unimportant, amino acids 1 to 277 were insufficient, and a triple alanine substitution within the EBNA3A core RBP-Jkappa binding domain was a null mutation.	Alanine	251-258	EBNA3A	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	60-66
12496426-0	2003	Identification of mouse MD-2 residues important for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 antibodies, and for conferring LPS and taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4 by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	201-208	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	77-81
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	142-146
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	181-185
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	181-185
12441173-6	2003	A large proportion of alanine was initially metabolised over the first 20 min by glial cells, as indicated by the relative importance of the glial, only enzyme pyruvate carboxylase to the labelling pattern of glutamate, with the ratio of pyruvate carboxylase to pyruvate dehydrogenase derived glutamate being 0.25, and exported [2-13C, 15N]aspartate.	Alanine	22-29	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	160-180
12482965-3	2003	Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that activation of the androgen receptor caused an inhibition of both wild-type FKHR and a mutant in which all three known AKT sites were mutated to alanines, showing that the repression is AKT independent.	Alanine	187-195	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	61-78
12441173-6	2003	A large proportion of alanine was initially metabolised over the first 20 min by glial cells, as indicated by the relative importance of the glial, only enzyme pyruvate carboxylase to the labelling pattern of glutamate, with the ratio of pyruvate carboxylase to pyruvate dehydrogenase derived glutamate being 0.25, and exported [2-13C, 15N]aspartate.	Alanine	22-29	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	238-258
12507727-4	2003	Mutation of Thr123 (site 2) to Ala significantly reduced the inhibition of both PP-1 and PP-2A, while mutation of Thr72 (site 1) to Ala had little effect on inhibitory activity.	Alanine	31-34	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
12699776-0	2003	Altered long-term corticostriatal synaptic plasticity in transgenic mice overexpressing human CU/ZN superoxide dismutase (GLY(93)--&gt;ALA) mutation.	Alanine	135-138	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	94-120
12270939-3	2002	To further characterize their insulin binding properties, we have performed structure-directed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a major insulin binding site of the receptor, formed from the receptor L1 domain (amino acids 1-470) and amino acids 705-715 at the C terminus of the alpha subunit.	Alanine	95-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
14693178-6	2003	Mab A-5 also reacted to a lesser extent to FIXD276A (factor IX with alanine substitution for aspartic acid at residue 276) and FIXK201A/D203A (double alanine substitutions at residues 201 and 203).	Alanine	68-75	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	53-62
12531525-6	2002	Alanine substitutions of D(141) and DRY(141-143) resulted in a significant decrease of binding affinity for both Sar(1)Ile(8)-angiotensin II (SarIle-Ang II) (mixed agonist/antagonist) and angiotensin II (agonist).	Alanine	0-7	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	126-140
12531525-6	2002	Alanine substitutions of D(141) and DRY(141-143) resulted in a significant decrease of binding affinity for both Sar(1)Ile(8)-angiotensin II (SarIle-Ang II) (mixed agonist/antagonist) and angiotensin II (agonist).	Alanine	0-7	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	188-202
12388549-5	2002	Ala substitution of three of these residues, Trp(445) (TM8), Trp(553) (TM10), and Trp(1198) (TM16), eliminated or substantially reduced transport levels of five organic anion substrates of MRP1.	Alanine	0-3	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	189-193
12388549-6	2002	In contrast, Ala substitutions of Trp(361) (TM7) and Trp(459) (TM9) caused a more moderate and substrate-selective reduction in MRP1 function.	Alanine	13-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
12493827-1	2003	Fragment complementation has been used to delineate the essential recognition elements for stable folding in Src homology 2 (SH2) domains by using NMR spectroscopy, alanine scanning, and surface plasmon resonance.	Alanine	165-172	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	109-112
12226088-2	2002	We predict that the conserved portion of Sds22 folds into a curved superhelix and demonstrate that mutation to alanine of any of eight residues (Asp(148), Phe(170), Glu(192), Phe(214), Asp(280), Glu(300), Trp(302), or Tyr(327)) at the concave surface of this superhelix thwarts the interaction with PP1.	Alanine	111-118	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 7	Homo sapiens	41-46
12356761-5	2002	Expression of a mutant CaR in which the major PKC phosphorylation site is altered by substitution of alanine for threonine (T888A) eliminated oscillatory behavior, producing [Ca(2+)](i) responses almost identical to those produced by the wild type CaR exposed to PKC inhibitors.	Alanine	101-108	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	23-26
12270939-4	2002	Alanine mutants of each isoform were transiently expressed as recombinant secreted extracellular domain in 293 cells, and their insulin binding properties were evaluated by competitive binding assays.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
12270939-13	2002	In conclusion, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the insulin receptor A and B isoforms has identified several new side chains contributing to insulin binding and indicates that the energetic contributions of certain side chains differ in each isoform, suggesting that different molecular mechanisms are used to obtain the same affinity.	Alanine	15-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
12270939-13	2002	In conclusion, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the insulin receptor A and B isoforms has identified several new side chains contributing to insulin binding and indicates that the energetic contributions of certain side chains differ in each isoform, suggesting that different molecular mechanisms are used to obtain the same affinity.	Alanine	15-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
12428212-6	2002	The mutation results in an in-frame duplication of 33 bp encoding for 11 alanines in a polyalanine tract of the SOX3 gene.	Alanine	73-81	SRY-box transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
12372499-1	2002	Potent, small molecule A beta inhibitors have been prepared that incorporate an alanine core bracketed by an N-terminal arylacetyl group and various C-terminal amino alcohols.	Alanine	80-87	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	23-29
12244101-6	2002	Similarly, substitution of Ala for a Phe of the docking motif for phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 prevented activation loop phosphorylation and abolished the kinase activity of CAT zeta.	Alanine	27-30	catalase	Homo sapiens	181-184
12239216-5	2002	In addition, mutating the two phenylalanine residues in the PIP-box to alanine or aspartic acid reduces binding to PCNA, confirming that the PIP-box in RRM3 is responsible for interaction with PCNA.	Alanine	36-43	DNA helicase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	152-156
12427016-8	2002	Strikingly, shaving at position 3, by Tyr --&gt; Ala exchange, abolishes the differences in the affinity for thrombin allosteric forms, whereas a bulkier side chain (e.g., beta-naphthylalanine) improves binding preferentially to the fast form.	Alanine	49-52	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	109-117
12189139-0	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of alpha-helix D segment of interleukin-13 reveals new functionally important residues of the cytokine.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	57-71
12189139-3	2002	Therefore, we alanine-scanned mutagenized helix D of IL13 to identify the residues involved in the respective receptors interaction.	Alanine	14-21	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	53-57
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	43-46	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	197-222
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	43-46	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Homo sapiens	224-229
12466388-5	2002	The gradual impairment of binding and trans-activation efficiencies in AR mutants ranging from alanine to valine and subsequently glutamic acid were highlighted by in vitro experiments.	Alanine	95-102	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	71-73
12379337-2	2002	Two main forms of IL-8 exist, one containing 77 amino acids (Ala-IL-8(77)) and a second containing 72 amino acids (Ser-IL-8(72)), which comprise more than 90% of IL-8 protein in cell cultures.	Alanine	61-64	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	18-22
12324470-7	2002	Among these sequences, Gln(199)-Ala(203), Leu(225)-Leu(230), and Gly(305)-His(309) are important for the binding of both ligands, whereas Arg(144)-Lys(148) is more critical for fibrinogen than for C3bi binding.	Alanine	32-35	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	177-187
12213813-4	2002	Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation.	Alanine	110-117	ETS variant transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
12213813-4	2002	Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation.	Alanine	110-117	ETS variant transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
12213813-4	2002	Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation.	Alanine	110-117	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
12213813-4	2002	Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation.	Alanine	110-117	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
12498995-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: a) To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in erythrocyte membranes from phenylketonuric (PKU) patients and controls and to correlate with their plasma phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine (Ala) and dopamine (DA) levels.	Alanine	180-187	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-46
12498995-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: a) To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in erythrocyte membranes from phenylketonuric (PKU) patients and controls and to correlate with their plasma phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine (Ala) and dopamine (DA) levels.	Alanine	180-187	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-52
12498995-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: a) To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in erythrocyte membranes from phenylketonuric (PKU) patients and controls and to correlate with their plasma phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine (Ala) and dopamine (DA) levels.	Alanine	220-223	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-46
12498995-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: a) To evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in erythrocyte membranes from phenylketonuric (PKU) patients and controls and to correlate with their plasma phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), alanine (Ala) and dopamine (DA) levels.	Alanine	220-223	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-52
12498995-2	2002	b) To determine the in vitro effects of Phe, Ala and Phe plus Ala on their AChE activities.	Alanine	45-48	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-79
12498995-2	2002	b) To determine the in vitro effects of Phe, Ala and Phe plus Ala on their AChE activities.	Alanine	62-65	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-79
12498995-8	2002	Ala reversed the inhibited AChE by Phe in erythrocyte membranes from healthy children to control values, whereas no reverse effect was observed on the enzyme activity from PKU patients.	Alanine	0-3	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	27-31
12196527-5	2002	Deletion and alanine substitution experiments revealed that amino acids 151-153 and 273-275 were required for the TLR4-mediated activation.	Alanine	13-20	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	114-118
12185075-3	2002	Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we now quantify the binding kinetics of two Texas Red-modified neurokinin A agonists to the fluorescent wild-type (Y-NK2wt) and the mutant (Y-NK2mut) receptor carrying Thr(24) --&gt; Ala and Phe(26) --&gt; Ala mutations.	Alanine	229-232	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	109-121
12185075-3	2002	Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we now quantify the binding kinetics of two Texas Red-modified neurokinin A agonists to the fluorescent wild-type (Y-NK2wt) and the mutant (Y-NK2mut) receptor carrying Thr(24) --&gt; Ala and Phe(26) --&gt; Ala mutations.	Alanine	252-255	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	109-121
12196527-6	2002	Both deletion mutants lacking amino acids 35-44 and 235-243 and alanine substitution mutants in regions 151-153 and 273-275 were expressed on the cell surface and retained the ability to associate with TLR4.	Alanine	64-71	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	202-206
12198137-3	2002	Substitution of the conserved leucine residue in the BH3 domain of BimEL for alanine (M1) inhibits the interaction of BimEL with Bcl-XL but does not abolish the ability of BimEL to induce Bax conformational change and apoptosis.	Alanine	77-84	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	129-135
12198137-3	2002	Substitution of the conserved leucine residue in the BH3 domain of BimEL for alanine (M1) inhibits the interaction of BimEL with Bcl-XL but does not abolish the ability of BimEL to induce Bax conformational change and apoptosis.	Alanine	77-84	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	188-191
12424318-3	2002	In 14/34 identified motoneurons tested under current clamp, ANG II induced a slowly rising and prolonged membrane depolarization, blockable with Losartan (n = 5) and (Sar(1), Val(5), Ala(8))-ANG II (Saralasin, n = 4) but not PD123319 (1 microM each; n = 4).	Alanine	183-186	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	60-66
12181318-3	2002	Here we report the mutation of Ser(214) in thrombin to Ala, Thr, Cys, Asp, Glu, and Lys.	Alanine	55-58	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	43-51
12388623-4	2002	In this study we investigated the VIP pharmacophore for VPAC(2) by using alanine and D-amino acid scanning.	Alanine	73-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	34-37
12189142-8	2002	In this study, systematic deletion analysis and Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis showed that SHD1 of Slac2-a/melanophilin alone is both necessary and sufficient for high affinity specific recognition of the GTP-bound form of Rab27A.	Alanine	48-51	melanophilin	Homo sapiens	104-111
12189142-8	2002	In this study, systematic deletion analysis and Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis showed that SHD1 of Slac2-a/melanophilin alone is both necessary and sufficient for high affinity specific recognition of the GTP-bound form of Rab27A.	Alanine	48-51	melanophilin	Homo sapiens	112-124
12237474-4	2002	These findings correlate with the attenuated G(i) association of CB1 with the Ala(341)-Leu(342) mutation previously observed in vivo and the diminished stimulation of G(alphai1) GTPase activity by the corresponding peptide demonstrated in vitro here.	Alanine	78-81	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
12183636-3	2002	The Rpn11 subunit of the proteasome lid subcomplex contains a highly conserved Jab1/MPN domain-associated metalloisopeptidase (JAMM) motif-EX(n)HXHX(10)D. Mutation of the predicted active-site histidines to alanine (rpn11AXA) was lethal and stabilized ubiquitin pathway substrates in yeast.	Alanine	207-214	proteasome regulatory particle lid subunit RPN11	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
12149268-6	2002	Substitution of a part of residues 299-313 to alanine residues also prevented the nuclear distribution of the ERK2-GFP fusion protein without abrogation of its nuclear active transport.	Alanine	46-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
12441142-5	2002	In this study we describe abrogation of IL-7 driven proliferation and attenuated phosphotyrosine signaling by IL-7(143) (Trp-Ala) and IL-7(143) (Trp-His) in IL-7R expressing T and B leukemia cells.	Alanine	125-128	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	40-44
12441142-5	2002	In this study we describe abrogation of IL-7 driven proliferation and attenuated phosphotyrosine signaling by IL-7(143) (Trp-Ala) and IL-7(143) (Trp-His) in IL-7R expressing T and B leukemia cells.	Alanine	125-128	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	110-114
12441142-5	2002	In this study we describe abrogation of IL-7 driven proliferation and attenuated phosphotyrosine signaling by IL-7(143) (Trp-Ala) and IL-7(143) (Trp-His) in IL-7R expressing T and B leukemia cells.	Alanine	125-128	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	110-114
12438171-11	2002	Studies of NET gene structure revealed a coding mutation converting a conserved alanine residue in transmembrane domain 9 to proline.	Alanine	80-87	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
12355451-4	2002	Using constitutively-active NFAT proteins with alanine substitutions instead of phosphorylated serine residues in the regulatory domain, we find that NFAT1 and NFAT2 are both positive regulators of IL-4 gene transcription, intrinsically very similar in their ability to induce and sustain transcription of the IL-4 gene.	Alanine	47-54	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2	Mus musculus	150-155
12355451-4	2002	Using constitutively-active NFAT proteins with alanine substitutions instead of phosphorylated serine residues in the regulatory domain, we find that NFAT1 and NFAT2 are both positive regulators of IL-4 gene transcription, intrinsically very similar in their ability to induce and sustain transcription of the IL-4 gene.	Alanine	47-54	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	160-165
12379220-4	2002	The predicted full-length Drosophila rpL22 protein has an N-terminal extension rich in alanine, lysine, and proline that appears to be unique to Drosophila.	Alanine	87-94	Ribosomal protein L22	Drosophila melanogaster	37-42
12220735-2	2002	The most common allele possesses GCG, coding for Ala.	Alanine	49-52	glucagon	Homo sapiens	33-36
12093798-6	2002	To determine residues responsible for autoinhibition of cGKII, Ala was substituted for basic residues (Lys(122), Arg(118), and Arg(119)) or a hydrophobic residue (Val(125)) within the putative pseudosubstrate domain of cGKII.	Alanine	63-66	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
12196021-4	2002	CFP is a potent and specific inhibitor, but it is unstable in vivo due to cleavage between the alanine and tyrosine residues by the enzyme neprilysin (EP 24.11).	Alanine	95-102	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	0-3
12468715-3	2002	We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of specific charged residues in the TR3 death domain to determine whether they play a crucial role in TR3-TR3 and TR3-TRADD interaction.	Alanine	13-20	TNF receptor superfamily member 25	Homo sapiens	78-81
12350108-0	2002	Isolation and characterization of modified species of a mutated (Cys125 -Ala) recombinant human interleukin-2.	Alanine	73-76	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	96-109
12196021-4	2002	CFP is a potent and specific inhibitor, but it is unstable in vivo due to cleavage between the alanine and tyrosine residues by the enzyme neprilysin (EP 24.11).	Alanine	95-102	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	139-149
12372098-6	2002	ALA-PDT may be a useful addition to the therapeutic options for CTCL.	Alanine	0-3	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
12509278-3	2002	Here, we investigate differences in the two putative ATPase active sites by examining the properties of heterodimers containing alanine substituted for an invariant glutamic acid in the active site of either Msh2, Msh6 or both.	Alanine	128-135	mismatch repair ATPase MSH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	208-212
12194921-4	2002	RESULTS: Western blot analyses with NH(2)-terminus-truncated L-PGDS mapped the epitopes to Ala(23)-Val(28) (MAb-7F5 and -10A3), Ser(52)-Ala(73) (MAb-9A6), Tyr(107)-Val(120) (MAb-1B7 and -6F5), and Gly(140)-Pro(155) (MAb-6B9).	Alanine	91-94	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	61-67
12194921-4	2002	RESULTS: Western blot analyses with NH(2)-terminus-truncated L-PGDS mapped the epitopes to Ala(23)-Val(28) (MAb-7F5 and -10A3), Ser(52)-Ala(73) (MAb-9A6), Tyr(107)-Val(120) (MAb-1B7 and -6F5), and Gly(140)-Pro(155) (MAb-6B9).	Alanine	136-139	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	61-67
12065593-2	2002	We established a series of clonal RBL-2H3 cell lines expressing CCR5 with alanine mutations of Ser(336), Ser(337), Ser(342), and Ser(349) in various combinations and explored the significance of phosphorylation sites for the ability of the receptor to interact with beta-arrestins and to undergo desensitization and internalization upon ligand binding.	Alanine	74-81	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
12428680-2	2002	To investigate the role of GRKs in desensitization of TP, we replaced threonines with favorable phosphorylation motifs for GRKs (positions 226 and 230) with alanine.	Alanine	157-164	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4	Mus musculus	123-127
12428680-4	2002	We found that: (1) affinity and specificity of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) binding to mutant TP were identical to the wild-type, (2) replacement of threonines 226 and 230 with alanines delayed the onset of agonist-induced desensitization, and (3) inhibition of endogenous GRK activity with a dominant-negative construct inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation and enhanced responsiveness of wild-type TP but had little effect on responsiveness of the receptor mutant.	Alanine	170-178	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4	Mus musculus	266-269
12068020-1	2002	The functional epitope of thrombin recognizing thrombomodulin was mapped using Ala-scanning mutagenesis of 54 residues located around the active site, the Na(+) binding loop, the 186-loop, the autolysis loop, exosite I, and exosite II.	Alanine	79-82	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	26-34
12199709-5	2002	For the functional analysis of the cysteine residues, several conserved cysteine residues in GalNAc-T1 were mutated individually to alanine.	Alanine	132-139	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	93-102
12167711-4	2002	Mutants with serine-to-alanine substitutions between residues 244 and 260 abolished or at least reduced the capacity of Mdm2 to promote p53 degradation.	Alanine	23-30	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	136-139
12217421-11	2002	The arginine residue at position 7 is required for NmU-8 activity at either receptor while alanine substitution at position 5 selectively affects the potency and the efficacy at mNmU-R1.	Alanine	91-98	neuromedin U receptor 1	Mus musculus	178-185
12063246-2	2002	The specificity constant for the phosphorylation of GST-Pyk1 and GST-Pyk2 by bovine catalytic subunit was in the range of the value for Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Kemptide).	Alanine	148-151	pyruvate kinase CDC19	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-60
11925449-7	2002	Introducing an Ala(19) mutation into the p53(F270A) protein abolished both RNA.MDM2 complex binding and hyper-ubiquitination in vivo, thus indicating that p53(F270A) protein hyper-ubiquitination depends upon MDM2 binding to its primary site in the BOX-I domain.	Alanine	15-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	41-46
12161275-4	2002	The common sites of expression of the ver genes are specialized cells of neural origin: ver-1 (T17A3.1) is expressed in the support (glial) cells of amphid and phasmid neurons, ver-2 (T17A3.8) in ADL, a pair of chemosensorial neurons, and ver-3 (F59F3.1) in the ALA neuron.	Alanine	262-265	Protein ver-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	88-93
12019262-7	2002	Thanks to its anaplerotic effect, alanine caused a stimulation of acetate removal and a large increase in fluxes through pyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, and the enzymes involved in glutamate and glutamine synthesis but not in flux through alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.	Alanine	34-41	citrate synthase, mitochondrial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	143-159
11925449-7	2002	Introducing an Ala(19) mutation into the p53(F270A) protein abolished both RNA.MDM2 complex binding and hyper-ubiquitination in vivo, thus indicating that p53(F270A) protein hyper-ubiquitination depends upon MDM2 binding to its primary site in the BOX-I domain.	Alanine	15-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	155-160
12145156-5	2002	Indeed, at doses to rats as low as 1 mg/kg, NPY5RA-972 inhibited feeding induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of a selective NPY Y5 agonist ([cPP(1-7),NPY(19-23),Ala(31),Aib(32),Gln(34)]-hPP).	Alanine	181-184	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12149440-4	2002	As proposed previously, the alanine residues are predominantly found in a beta sheet conformation.	Alanine	28-35	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	72-78
12161548-0	2002	Comment: studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene in the Danish MONICA cohort: homozygosity of the Ala allele confers a decreased risk of the insulin resistance syndrome.	Alanine	29-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	53-63
12162506-2	2002	RUNX2 contains a glutamine-alanine repeat where mutations causing cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) have been observed.	Alanine	27-34	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
12161503-1	2002	In type 2 diabetes, the threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides and dyslipidemia when compared with the wild type (Ala-54/Ala-54).	Alanine	44-51	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-115
12161503-1	2002	In type 2 diabetes, the threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides and dyslipidemia when compared with the wild type (Ala-54/Ala-54).	Alanine	53-56	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-115
12161503-1	2002	In type 2 diabetes, the threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides and dyslipidemia when compared with the wild type (Ala-54/Ala-54).	Alanine	239-242	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-115
12212850-3	2002	Alanine cluster mutations of 215EIE217 and 221LELY224 abrogated Slu7 binding to Prp18 in a two-hybrid assay and in vitro, and elicited temperature-sensitive growth phenotypes in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	mRNA splicing protein SLU7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
12161503-1	2002	In type 2 diabetes, the threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein 2 gene is associated with elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides and dyslipidemia when compared with the wild type (Ala-54/Ala-54).	Alanine	239-242	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-115
12130686-7	2002	In contrast, the Chrna4 polymorphism was associated with receptor function across mouse strains: (86)Rb(+) efflux was greater in seven of the eight brain regions studied in those mouse strains that carry the Ala-529 variant of Chrna4.	Alanine	208-211	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	17-23
12130686-7	2002	In contrast, the Chrna4 polymorphism was associated with receptor function across mouse strains: (86)Rb(+) efflux was greater in seven of the eight brain regions studied in those mouse strains that carry the Ala-529 variant of Chrna4.	Alanine	208-211	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	227-233
12212850-5	2002	Single alanine mutations of zinc knuckle residues Cys122, His130, and Cys135 had no effect on cell growth, but caused Slu7 function during pre-mRNA splicing in vitro to become dependent on Prp18.	Alanine	7-14	mRNA splicing protein SLU7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
12011064-5	2002	The insertion of one alanine results in a strongly reduced activation of STAT1 and STAT3, whereas insertion of three alanine residues leads to a stronger STAT activation.	Alanine	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	83-88
12222964-2	2002	The results show that human C-peptide and its C-terminal pentapeptide (positions 27-31, EGSLQ), but not the des (27-31) C-peptide or randomly scrambled C-peptide, elicit a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. Rat C-peptide and rat C-terminal pentapeptide also induce a [Ca2+]i response in human tubular cells, while a human pentapeptide analogue with Ala at position 1 gives no [Ca2+]i response, and those with Ala at positions 2-5 induce responses with different amplitudes.	Alanine	345-348	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-37
12222964-2	2002	The results show that human C-peptide and its C-terminal pentapeptide (positions 27-31, EGSLQ), but not the des (27-31) C-peptide or randomly scrambled C-peptide, elicit a transient increase in [Ca2+]i. Rat C-peptide and rat C-terminal pentapeptide also induce a [Ca2+]i response in human tubular cells, while a human pentapeptide analogue with Ala at position 1 gives no [Ca2+]i response, and those with Ala at positions 2-5 induce responses with different amplitudes.	Alanine	405-408	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-37
12134089-5	2002	Analysis of deletion mutants of EGFR showed that the region between (835)Ala and (918)Asp of the EGFR cytoplasmic domain is required for EGFR predimer formation.	Alanine	73-76	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
12077089-5	2002	Enzyme activity was measured by hydrolysis assays using pro-TNF-alpha or oligopeptide substrates spanning the known pro-TNF-alpha cleavage site at Ala(76)-Val(77).	Alanine	147-150	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	120-129
12134089-5	2002	Analysis of deletion mutants of EGFR showed that the region between (835)Ala and (918)Asp of the EGFR cytoplasmic domain is required for EGFR predimer formation.	Alanine	73-76	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
12134089-5	2002	Analysis of deletion mutants of EGFR showed that the region between (835)Ala and (918)Asp of the EGFR cytoplasmic domain is required for EGFR predimer formation.	Alanine	73-76	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
12069583-6	2002	A panel of recombinant VWF, in which alanine-scanning mutagenesis was introduced to the charged amino acid residues in the A1 domain, showed that the bitiscetin-binding activity was reduced in mutations at Arg632, Lys660, Glu666, and Lys673 of the A1 domain.	Alanine	37-44	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	23-26
12059215-5	2002	Carboxylate-functionalized E2 analogues can activate ER alpha(Glu353--&gt;Ala) and ER beta(Glu305--&gt;Ala) with very large selectivites, demonstrating that this design strategy is extendable to other members of the steroid hormone receptor family.	Alanine	74-77	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	53-61
12006574-6	2002	Consistent with the need for the interaction between Arg(2) of Ang II and Ang III with Asp(281), substitution of this residue with alanine (D281A) decreased the peptide"s potency without affecting that of Ang IV.	Alanine	131-138	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	63-69
11964291-4	2002	Mutation of alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172 (AxP) (single-letter amino acid codes; x indicates the identical amino acid at the same position in the murine and human CD20 sequences) in human CD20 abrogated the binding of all CD20 mAbs tested.	Alanine	12-19	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	203-207
12065410-5	2002	We demonstrate that the conversion of a specific glutamate residue (E306) to an alanine in this region locks TREK-1 in the open configuration and abolishes the cAMP/PKA down-modulation.	Alanine	80-87	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	109-115
11923305-4	2002	Moreover, either a Ser-to-Ala substitution or serine dephosphorylation specifically eliminated the ability of PTPalpha to dephosphorylate and activate Src even during interphase.	Alanine	26-29	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	151-154
12034888-4	2002	Substitution of alanine for the glutamate on GIRK1, GIRK2, and IRK2, expressed in HEK293 cells, greatly reduced the whole-cell currents.	Alanine	16-23	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6	Homo sapiens	52-57
12034888-4	2002	Substitution of alanine for the glutamate on GIRK1, GIRK2, and IRK2, expressed in HEK293 cells, greatly reduced the whole-cell currents.	Alanine	16-23	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 12	Homo sapiens	53-57
12031957-0	2002	A nuclear magnetic resonance-based demonstration of substantial oxidative L-alanine metabolism and L-alanine-enhanced glucose metabolism in a clonal pancreatic beta-cell line: metabolism of L-alanine is important to the regulation of insulin secretion.	Alanine	99-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	234-241
12031957-0	2002	A nuclear magnetic resonance-based demonstration of substantial oxidative L-alanine metabolism and L-alanine-enhanced glucose metabolism in a clonal pancreatic beta-cell line: metabolism of L-alanine is important to the regulation of insulin secretion.	Alanine	99-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	234-241
12031957-2	2002	It was subsequently demonstrated using more intricate studies that L-alanine is a strong stimulus to insulin secretion in the presence of glucose in normal rodent islets and beta-cell lines.	Alanine	67-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
12031957-4	2002	Stimulatory effects of L-alanine on insulin secretion were attenuated by the inhibition of beta-cell oxidative phosphorylation using oligomycin.	Alanine	23-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
12031957-8	2002	The enhanced rate of entry of glucose-derived pyruvate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the presence of alanine may have stimulated rates of generation of key metabolites, including ATP, which affect the insulin secretory process.	Alanine	114-121	insulin	Homo sapiens	214-221
12031957-9	2002	Thus L-alanine metabolism, in addition to the enhancing effect on glucose metabolism, contributes to the stimulatory effects of this amino acid on insulin secretion in vitro.	Alanine	5-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
11909859-8	2002	Only cis contacts but no trans interactions are observed for heterodimers of ECADFos and the Trp-2 to Ala mutant ECADW2AJun arguing for a decisive role of Trp-2 in trans but not cis interaction.	Alanine	102-105	tRNA-Pro (anticodon AGG) 2-6	Homo sapiens	93-98
11909859-8	2002	Only cis contacts but no trans interactions are observed for heterodimers of ECADFos and the Trp-2 to Ala mutant ECADW2AJun arguing for a decisive role of Trp-2 in trans but not cis interaction.	Alanine	102-105	tRNA-Pro (anticodon AGG) 2-6	Homo sapiens	155-160
12115638-5	2002	Substitution of S336, S348, and the basic cluster R337K338 by alanines within this region significantly impaired both moesin binding and PSGL-1 polarization.	Alanine	62-70	moesin	Homo sapiens	118-124
12038991-5	2002	In addition, mutant Dnmt3a and the other two Dnmt3b isoforms, Dnmt3b1 and Dnmt3b2, which have no DNA methylation activity due to a change of the cysteine residue in the catalytic center to an alanine residue, retained the ability to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	192-199	DNA methyltransferase 3A	Mus musculus	20-26
12038991-5	2002	In addition, mutant Dnmt3a and the other two Dnmt3b isoforms, Dnmt3b1 and Dnmt3b2, which have no DNA methylation activity due to a change of the cysteine residue in the catalytic center to an alanine residue, retained the ability to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	192-199	DNA methyltransferase 3B	Mus musculus	45-51
12479221-3	2002	BCRP cDNA was isolated from 11 cancer cell lines and three variant cDNAs [G34A substituting Met for Val-12 (V12M), C421A substituting Lys for Gln-141 (Q141K), and 944-949 deletion lacking Ala-315 and Thr-316 (delta315-6)] were identified.	Alanine	188-191	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
11964291-4	2002	Mutation of alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172 (AxP) (single-letter amino acid codes; x indicates the identical amino acid at the same position in the murine and human CD20 sequences) in human CD20 abrogated the binding of all CD20 mAbs tested.	Alanine	12-19	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	178-182
11964291-4	2002	Mutation of alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172 (AxP) (single-letter amino acid codes; x indicates the identical amino acid at the same position in the murine and human CD20 sequences) in human CD20 abrogated the binding of all CD20 mAbs tested.	Alanine	12-19	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	203-207
11953419-2	2002	We prepared bovine milk containing antibodies against a fusion of the saliva-binding alanine-rich region of PAc with the glucan-binding domain of GTF-I.	Alanine	85-92	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	19-23
11981035-5	2002	Probing this surface with scanning alanine mutagenesis showed structural and functional equivalence between homologous residues of RORalpha and TRbeta.	Alanine	35-42	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	144-150
11966977-0	2002	Synthesis and biological evaluation on hMC3, hMC4 and hMC5 receptors of gamma-MSH analogs substituted with L-alanine.	Alanine	107-116	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	72-81
11926819-3	2002	The replacement of Tyr160 on the F-helix of alpha1-antitrypsin to alanine results in the loss of a conserved hydrogen bond that dramatically reduces the stability of the protein to both heat and solvent denaturation, indicating the importance of Tyr160 in the stability of the molecule.	Alanine	66-73	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	44-62
12132693-1	2002	The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of L-alanine (Ala) on suckling rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on eel Electrophorus electricus pure AChE inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Phe) as well as to investigate whether Phe or Ala is a competitive inhibitor or an effector of the enzyme.	Alanine	250-253	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	169-173
12132693-2	2002	AChE activity was determined in brain homogenates and in the pure enzyme after 1 h preincubation with 1.2 mM of Phe or Ala as well as with Phe plus Ala.	Alanine	119-122	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-4
12132693-4	2002	Ala reversed completely the inhibited AChE by Phe (18-20% in 500-600 microM substrate, p&lt;0.01).	Alanine	0-3	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-42
11955079-3	2002	We have examined variant fibrinogens with alanine at position gamma318 and/or gamma320 and found that calcium binding, fibrin polymerization, and fibrinogen-mediated platelet aggregation, but not FXIIIa-catalyzed cross-linking, were abnormal.	Alanine	42-49	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	25-35
12006660-2	2002	We generated a series of 23 clustered charge-to-alanine mutations in the Arf1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine the portions of this protein important for its function in cells.	Alanine	48-55	Arf family GTPase ARF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	73-77
12132693-0	2002	Alanine reverses the inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on acetylcholinesterase activity.	Alanine	0-7	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-79
11971195-2	2002	In the present study, we showed that when lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 of p53 were substituted with alanine, the resulting A4 protein was resistant to MDM2-mediated proteosomal degradation but was highly sensitive to human papillomavirus E6-mediated proteolysis.	Alanine	110-117	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	84-87
11985816-4	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis indicated that serines 900 and 929 in NR2A altered desensitization, as did inhibition of tyrosine phosphatases.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	67-71
12445907-7	2002	Ammonia fixation by glutamine synthase controls the amount of lactate, glutamine and alanine produced and released by Muller cells in the extracellular space and then taken up by neurons.	Alanine	85-92	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	20-38
11788604-0	2002	An N-terminal arginine-rich cluster and a proline-alanine-threonine repeat region determine the cellular localization of the herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP34.5 protein and its ligand, protein phosphatase 1.	Alanine	50-57	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Homo sapiens	185-206
12189904-2	2002	Our aim was to investigate the frequency of the alanine (Ala) 54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and the association between the polymorphism and the markers of metabolic syndrome, serum lipid levels and the fatty acid profile of serum lipids.	Alanine	48-55	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
12189904-2	2002	Our aim was to investigate the frequency of the alanine (Ala) 54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and the association between the polymorphism and the markers of metabolic syndrome, serum lipid levels and the fatty acid profile of serum lipids.	Alanine	57-60	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
11867456-3	2002	The chosen peptides, WALP and KALP, consist of a hydrophobic stretch, of variable length, of alternating leucine and alanine residues, flanked on both ends with tryptophan and lysine residues, respectively.	Alanine	117-124	anosmin 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	30-34
11790793-9	2002	Mutation of COT Ala(332), present in the domain 8 amino acids away from His(340), decreased the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of COT.	Alanine	16-19	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Homo sapiens	12-15
11790793-9	2002	Mutation of COT Ala(332), present in the domain 8 amino acids away from His(340), decreased the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of COT.	Alanine	16-19	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Homo sapiens	123-126
11790768-5	2002	The effect of OA can be blocked by mutating three putative serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in hbeta4 (Thr-11/Ser-17/Ser-210) to alanines, suggesting that OA potentiates phosphorylation of hbeta4 and thereby suppresses its functional coupling to the slo channel.	Alanine	135-143	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
11790768-5	2002	The effect of OA can be blocked by mutating three putative serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in hbeta4 (Thr-11/Ser-17/Ser-210) to alanines, suggesting that OA potentiates phosphorylation of hbeta4 and thereby suppresses its functional coupling to the slo channel.	Alanine	135-143	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 4	Homo sapiens	195-201
11814862-1	2002	A series of conformationally-restricted analogues of hPTH was prepared, based on the parent peptide agonist, cyclo(Lys(18)-Asp(22))[Ala(1),Nle(8),Lys(18),Asp(22),Leu(27)]hPTH(1-31)NH(2) (2, EC(50)=0.29nM).	Alanine	132-135	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	53-57
11814862-3	2002	Alanine- and glycine-scanning at the N-terminus of 2 was consistent with data previously obtained on linear hPTH(1-34).	Alanine	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	108-112
11907155-5	2002	To address this issue we investigated the VIP pharmacophore for VPAC(1) (the predominant receptor subtype in cancers and widely distributed in normal tissues) by using alanine and D-amino acid scanning.	Alanine	168-175	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
11907155-5	2002	To address this issue we investigated the VIP pharmacophore for VPAC(1) (the predominant receptor subtype in cancers and widely distributed in normal tissues) by using alanine and D-amino acid scanning.	Alanine	168-175	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	64-71
11907155-11	2002	[Ala(2,8,9,11,19,24,25,27,28)]VIP, which contained 11 alanines, was synthesized and it was equipotent to VIP at VPAC(1) receptors in all species and was metabolically stable.	Alanine	1-4	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	30-33
11907155-11	2002	[Ala(2,8,9,11,19,24,25,27,28)]VIP, which contained 11 alanines, was synthesized and it was equipotent to VIP at VPAC(1) receptors in all species and was metabolically stable.	Alanine	54-62	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	30-33
11960383-3	2002	In this study, we demonstrated that p53 with lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 mutated to alanine (the A4 mutant) retained the transactivation activity of wild-type p53, although the transactivation activity of p21 promoter by the A4 mutant was slightly reduced.	Alanine	95-102	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	36-39
11960383-3	2002	In this study, we demonstrated that p53 with lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 mutated to alanine (the A4 mutant) retained the transactivation activity of wild-type p53, although the transactivation activity of p21 promoter by the A4 mutant was slightly reduced.	Alanine	95-102	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	170-173
11960383-3	2002	In this study, we demonstrated that p53 with lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 mutated to alanine (the A4 mutant) retained the transactivation activity of wild-type p53, although the transactivation activity of p21 promoter by the A4 mutant was slightly reduced.	Alanine	95-102	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	216-219
11854596-7	2002	In addition, a new p53 mutation not previously reported in ET/pPNET involving exon 5 codon 138: GCC to GAC (Ala/Asp) was detected.	Alanine	108-111	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	19-22
11904227-8	2002	Thus a single amino acid substitution in the pi-cation site, from the aromatic tyrosine of B. fasciatus AChE to the alanine of BuChE, caused AChE to behave like BuChE.	Alanine	116-123	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	104-108
11874464-3	2002	In this study, the gamma(c) residues involved in IL-4 binding were defined by alanine-scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	78-85	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
11865044-6	2002	Alanine-scanning analysis of the highly conserved seven (six in Pex5pS) pentapeptide WXXXF/Y motifs residing at the N-terminal region indicated that these motifs were essential for the interaction of Pex5p with Pex14p and Pex13p.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14	Homo sapiens	211-217
11865044-6	2002	Alanine-scanning analysis of the highly conserved seven (six in Pex5pS) pentapeptide WXXXF/Y motifs residing at the N-terminal region indicated that these motifs were essential for the interaction of Pex5p with Pex14p and Pex13p.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 13	Homo sapiens	222-228
11935165-10	2002	An addition of alanine (8 mM) at reperfusion lowered the release of AST, ALT and LDH.	Alanine	15-22	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
11861209-4	2002	Particularly important contacts involve the P-2, P-3, and P+1 residues where either serine, which is potentially autophosphorylated, or alanine occupies the P0 position.	Alanine	136-143	solute carrier family 10 member 3	Homo sapiens	44-52
11904227-8	2002	Thus a single amino acid substitution in the pi-cation site, from the aromatic tyrosine of B. fasciatus AChE to the alanine of BuChE, caused AChE to behave like BuChE.	Alanine	116-123	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-145
11836319-9	2002	Nondiabetic Caucasians with an Ala allele (Pro/Ala group) were more insulin sensitive than those in the Pro/Pro group, as evidenced by a lower homeostasis model assessment index (5.18 +/- 1.33 vs. 6.54 +/- 0.54; P &lt; 0.05) and lower levels of insulin at both the fasting (132 +/- 27 vs. 165 +/- 12 pmol/liter; P = 0.03) and 2 h (688 +/- 103 vs. 10190 +/- 99 pmol/liter; P = 0.04) time points during the oral glucose tolerance test.	Alanine	47-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
11805282-0	2002	Functional p53 chimeras containing the Epstein-Barr virus Gly-Ala repeat are protected from Mdm2- and HPV-E6-induced proteolysis.	Alanine	62-65	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	11-14
11836310-7	2002	In contrast, expression of a kinase-inactive, activation-resistant, triple alanine mutant form of PKB-alpha had little or no effect, and expression of wild-type and constitutively active PKC-zeta or PKC-lamda increased glucose transport.	Alanine	75-82	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-107
11836319-9	2002	Nondiabetic Caucasians with an Ala allele (Pro/Ala group) were more insulin sensitive than those in the Pro/Pro group, as evidenced by a lower homeostasis model assessment index (5.18 +/- 1.33 vs. 6.54 +/- 0.54; P &lt; 0.05) and lower levels of insulin at both the fasting (132 +/- 27 vs. 165 +/- 12 pmol/liter; P = 0.03) and 2 h (688 +/- 103 vs. 10190 +/- 99 pmol/liter; P = 0.04) time points during the oral glucose tolerance test.	Alanine	31-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
11836319-9	2002	Nondiabetic Caucasians with an Ala allele (Pro/Ala group) were more insulin sensitive than those in the Pro/Pro group, as evidenced by a lower homeostasis model assessment index (5.18 +/- 1.33 vs. 6.54 +/- 0.54; P &lt; 0.05) and lower levels of insulin at both the fasting (132 +/- 27 vs. 165 +/- 12 pmol/liter; P = 0.03) and 2 h (688 +/- 103 vs. 10190 +/- 99 pmol/liter; P = 0.04) time points during the oral glucose tolerance test.	Alanine	31-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	245-252
11858488-7	2002	The structural modeling of thrombin Perija suggests that Ala-548 is located close to the limb of the cavity wall of the substrate binding pocket, and that the methyl group blocks protrusion of the guanidino group of Arg into the cavity.	Alanine	57-60	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	27-35
11706008-10	2002	Alanine mutations of membrane-proximal basic amino acid residues in the cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin identified arginine 357 as a critical residue for both ezrin and moesin interaction.	Alanine	0-7	moesin	Homo sapiens	170-176
12006704-6	2002	RESULTS: A point mutation at codon 870 of the AR, changing alanine to valine, was detected.	Alanine	59-66	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	46-48
12224511-4	2002	EBNA1 contains an internal repeat exclusively composed of glycines and alanines that inhibits in cis the presentation of MHC class I-restricted T-cell epitopes and prevents ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	71-79	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	0-5
11704659-5	2002	Alteration of conserved leucine residues to alanine within Jab1/CSN5-NES abolished the interaction with CRM1 in vitro and impaired LMB-sensitive nuclear export and the ability to induce p27 breakdown in cultured cells.	Alanine	44-51	dynactin subunit 6	Homo sapiens	186-189
11913381-0	2002	Computational alanine scanning of the 1:1 human growth hormone-receptor complex.	Alanine	14-21	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	48-62
11742131-7	2002	A dissociation constant of 700 x 10(-9) M for the binding of the mutant Tus protein A173T (where residue 173 is changed from alanine to threonine) to Ter DNA was estimated, compared with a value of &lt;or=2 x 10(-9) M for Tus where A173 was unchanged.	Alanine	125-132	DNA replication terminus site-binding protein	Escherichia coli	72-75
11751973-9	2002	Sequencing of chymase-cleaved profilins reveals hydrolysis at Tyr(6)-Val(7) and Trp(35)-Ala(36) in birch profilin and at Trp(32)-Ala(33) in human profilin, with all sites lying within IgE-reactive epitopes.	Alanine	88-91	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	14-21
11751973-9	2002	Sequencing of chymase-cleaved profilins reveals hydrolysis at Tyr(6)-Val(7) and Trp(35)-Ala(36) in birch profilin and at Trp(32)-Ala(33) in human profilin, with all sites lying within IgE-reactive epitopes.	Alanine	129-132	chymase 1	Homo sapiens	14-21
11862322-10	2002	In conclusion, the Arg972 (IRS-1) background produced a marked difference in insulin sensitivity between X/Ala and Pro/Pro (PPARgamma) which was not present in the whole population or against the Gly972 (IRS-1) background.	Alanine	107-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
12496980-3	2002	The GPX1 gene has a GCG repeat polymorphism in exon 1, coding for a polyalanine tract of five to seven alanine residues.	Alanine	72-79	glucagon	Homo sapiens	20-23
11682478-6	2001	However, polyubiquitination activity was also detected in the cytoplasm of Skp2(-/-) cells, even with a threonine 187 --&gt; alanine mutant of p27(Kip1) as substrate.	Alanine	125-132	zinc ribbon domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	143-146
12068494-9	2002	(GGGCCC) in codon 176 inducing the insertion of two amino acid residues (Arg-Ala) in POMC and nonsense mutation (G-7316-T) in codon 180 of gamma-LTH coding region of the same DNA chain were identified in 4 women (5.8%) out of 69 patients with morbid obesity (BMI 40-53 kg/m2).	Alanine	77-80	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	85-89
11713579-5	2001	Mutation of the CK2 phosphorylation sites in the FAF1 molecule to alanine leads to a 1.5 to 2.0-fold higher association between CK2 and FAF1.	Alanine	66-73	Fas associated factor 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
11602581-6	2001	Loss of phosphorylation at Ser(421) and Ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of HDAC1.	Alanine	68-75	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	214-219
11739292-9	2001	To identify the PKC-responsive site, 7 consensus PKC phosphorylation sites of AE3fl were individually mutated to alanine.	Alanine	113-120	solute carrier family 4 member 3	Homo sapiens	78-81
11591719-7	2001	The purified inactive form of NS2/3 (904-1206) was activated by the addition of glycerol and detergent to induce autocleavage at the predicted site between Leu(1026) and Ala(1027).	Alanine	170-173	NS2	Homo sapiens	30-35
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	136-139	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	31-46
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	136-139	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	48-52
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	31-46
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	48-52
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	31-46
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	48-52
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	31-46
11737209-1	2001	Enzymatic properties of barley alpha-amylase 1 (AMY1) are altered as a result of amino acid substitutions at subsites -5/-6 (Cys95--&gt;Ala/Thr) and +1/+2 (Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser) as well as in the double mutants, Cys95--&gt;Ala/Met298--&gt;Ala/Asn/Ser.	Alanine	168-171	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	48-52
11737209-2	2001	Cys95--&gt;Ala shows 176% activity towards insoluble Blue Starch compared to wild-type AMY1, kcat of 142 and 211% towards amylose DP17 and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl beta-d-maltoheptaoside (Cl-PNPG7), respectively, but fivefold to 20-fold higher Km.	Alanine	11-14	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	87-91
11737209-3	2001	The Cys95--&gt;Thr-AMY1 AMY2 isozyme mimic exhibits the intermediary behaviour of Cys95--&gt;Ala and wild-type.	Alanine	93-96	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	19-23
11705946-6	2001	In contrast to lysine, treatment of RhoA with alanine, arginine, and glutamine were not able to substitute for lysine in the transglutamination reaction.	Alanine	46-53	ras homolog family member A	Bos taurus	36-40
11713579-5	2001	Mutation of the CK2 phosphorylation sites in the FAF1 molecule to alanine leads to a 1.5 to 2.0-fold higher association between CK2 and FAF1.	Alanine	66-73	Fas associated factor 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
11719283-7	2001	The 92 kDa AR did not result from alternative initiation since it was observed when the second methionine was changed to alanine.	Alanine	121-128	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	11-13
11742272-3	2001	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the population frequency and effects of a known single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eotaxin gene in which a threonine residue (THR(23)) is substituted for the wild-type alanine (ALA(23)) at the 23rd amino acid at the terminus of the peptide leader sequence.	Alanine	222-229	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	137-144
11742272-3	2001	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the population frequency and effects of a known single-nucleotide polymorphism in the eotaxin gene in which a threonine residue (THR(23)) is substituted for the wild-type alanine (ALA(23)) at the 23rd amino acid at the terminus of the peptide leader sequence.	Alanine	231-234	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	137-144
11713288-6	2001	The extreme C terminus of p53 harbors several lysine residues whose ubiquitination by MDM2 appears to be the initial event in p53 nuclear export, as evidenced by the impaired nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p53 mutants bearing simultaneous substitutions of lysines 370, 372, 373, 381, 382, and 386 to arginines (6KR) or alanines (6KA).	Alanine	319-327	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	26-29
11746424-1	2001	A previous study has shown that glutamine (Gln) uptake in C6 cells grown in a standard medium containing 2 mM Gln, is predominantly mediated by a sodium-dependent system that is inhibited by ASC system substrates alanine (Ala), serine (Ser), cysteine (Cys) and threonine (Thr), shows pH sensitivity and partial tolerance to substitution of Na+ by Li+, features compatible with system ASCT2 that is strongly expressed in cultured astrocytes.	Alanine	213-220	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	191-194
11746424-1	2001	A previous study has shown that glutamine (Gln) uptake in C6 cells grown in a standard medium containing 2 mM Gln, is predominantly mediated by a sodium-dependent system that is inhibited by ASC system substrates alanine (Ala), serine (Ser), cysteine (Cys) and threonine (Thr), shows pH sensitivity and partial tolerance to substitution of Na+ by Li+, features compatible with system ASCT2 that is strongly expressed in cultured astrocytes.	Alanine	222-225	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	191-194
11713288-6	2001	The extreme C terminus of p53 harbors several lysine residues whose ubiquitination by MDM2 appears to be the initial event in p53 nuclear export, as evidenced by the impaired nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p53 mutants bearing simultaneous substitutions of lysines 370, 372, 373, 381, 382, and 386 to arginines (6KR) or alanines (6KA).	Alanine	319-327	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	126-129
11713288-6	2001	The extreme C terminus of p53 harbors several lysine residues whose ubiquitination by MDM2 appears to be the initial event in p53 nuclear export, as evidenced by the impaired nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p53 mutants bearing simultaneous substitutions of lysines 370, 372, 373, 381, 382, and 386 to arginines (6KR) or alanines (6KA).	Alanine	319-327	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	126-129
11746710-10	2001	A SERT mutant was produced in which a highly conserved aromatic amino acid, phenylalanine 548, was replaced by an alanine (F548A).	Alanine	82-89	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	2-6
11535593-8	2001	Two point mutants (His(880) --&gt; Ala and Phe(882) --&gt; Ala CaR) showed 50-70% reductions in high [Ca(2+)](o)-induced InsP production.	Alanine	59-62	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	63-66
11723295-1	2001	The authors describe a novel missense mutation in the presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene at residue 439 that predicts an aspartate-to-alanine substitution (D439A).	Alanine	125-132	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	54-66
11723295-1	2001	The authors describe a novel missense mutation in the presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene at residue 439 that predicts an aspartate-to-alanine substitution (D439A).	Alanine	125-132	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
11705379-5	2001	When these four residues were mutated to Ala to determine their role in PKC binding to phospholipid membranes, PKC activation, and in its in vivo localization, the results revealed that they were very important for the activation of full-length PKCalpha.	Alanine	41-44	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
11571292-4	2001	The exceptions to this result were two mimetics of a short FGF1 sequence, which has been shown to interact with the region of the FGFR containing the histidine-alanine-valine motif.	Alanine	160-167	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
11705379-5	2001	When these four residues were mutated to Ala to determine their role in PKC binding to phospholipid membranes, PKC activation, and in its in vivo localization, the results revealed that they were very important for the activation of full-length PKCalpha.	Alanine	41-44	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	111-114
11705379-5	2001	When these four residues were mutated to Ala to determine their role in PKC binding to phospholipid membranes, PKC activation, and in its in vivo localization, the results revealed that they were very important for the activation of full-length PKCalpha.	Alanine	41-44	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	245-253
11719216-6	2001	Mutational analysis revealed that a 15 amino acid sequence between the two zinc binding loops in the GR-DBD confers nuclear export to a GFP reporter protein, and alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify the residues within this sequence that are critical for export.	Alanine	162-169	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	101-103
11555637-7	2001	Mpr1p was considered to be a member of the N-acetyltransferase superfamily based on the results of an Ala-scan mutagenesis through the highly conserved region involved in binding acetyl-CoA in members of the superfamily.	Alanine	102-105	proteasome regulatory particle lid subunit RPN11	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
11741351-2	2001	Subsequent alanine scanning mutagenesis and phage display enabled the production of an affinity matured antibody with a &gt;100-fold improvement in IL-8 binding.	Alanine	11-18	interleukin-8	Oryctolagus cuniculus	148-152
11700073-6	2001	Characterization of 15 CCR5 alanine scanning mutants of charged extracellular amino acids revealed that alteration of acidic residues in the distal N-ter abrogated binding of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and vMIP-II.	Alanine	28-35	K4	Human gammaherpesvirus 8	200-207
11720288-6	2001	Mutant versions of Lhp1p, in which each of the serines was mutated to alanine, were expressed in yeast cells lacking Lhp1p.	Alanine	70-77	Lhp1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-24
11827164-5	2001	In the holoenzyme an assumable release of tension at the backbone of Ala-193 (as seems to be indicated by a comparison of the crystal structures of maize CK2alpha alone vs. a CK2alpha-beta peptide complex) may result in the ability of the activation loop to adopt its proper conformation independently of interactions with the N-terminal segment.	Alanine	69-72	casein kinase II subunit alpha	Zea mays	154-162
11827164-5	2001	In the holoenzyme an assumable release of tension at the backbone of Ala-193 (as seems to be indicated by a comparison of the crystal structures of maize CK2alpha alone vs. a CK2alpha-beta peptide complex) may result in the ability of the activation loop to adopt its proper conformation independently of interactions with the N-terminal segment.	Alanine	69-72	casein kinase II subunit alpha	Zea mays	175-183
11562940-2	2001	We have mapped the thrombin epitopes responsible for these interactions using enzymatic assays and Ala scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	99-102	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	19-27
11689465-6	2001	A mutant PKC in which autophosphorylation sites were mutated to alanine (PKC-DA) was resistant to ceramide.	Alanine	64-71	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	9-12
11689465-6	2001	A mutant PKC in which autophosphorylation sites were mutated to alanine (PKC-DA) was resistant to ceramide.	Alanine	64-71	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	73-76
11774038-5	2001	Examination of several serine--&gt;alanine substitution mutants of Bcl-2 suggested that serine 70 and serine 87 represent major sites of Bcl-2 phosphorylation induced in response to microtubule-targeting drugs.	Alanine	35-42	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	67-72
11834095-15	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The C571T mutation is a new missense point mutation and appears to cause significant changes in the structure and function of TNSALP because Ala-115 is highly conserved in rat TNSALP and human tissue-non-specific, intestinal and placental ALPs.	Alanine	154-157	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	139-145
11834095-15	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The C571T mutation is a new missense point mutation and appears to cause significant changes in the structure and function of TNSALP because Ala-115 is highly conserved in rat TNSALP and human tissue-non-specific, intestinal and placental ALPs.	Alanine	154-157	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Rattus norvegicus	189-195
11473115-6	2001	Lysine residues present in this sequence (Lys(680) and Lys(690)) were mutated to alanine in the context of apoB-18.	Alanine	81-88	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	107-111
11592999-9	2001	This structure clearly revealed that one of the aromatic rings of the inhibitor was covalently linked to the receptor through the main-chain nitrogen of Ala-62, a residue that has already been implicated in the binding of TNF-alpha to the TNFRc1.	Alanine	153-156	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	222-231
11570890-1	2001	We mutated residue 166, located in the putative Na(+) transport pathway between transmembrane segments 4 and 5 of human Na(+)/glucose cotransporter (hSGLT1), from alanine to cysteine (A166C).	Alanine	163-170	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	149-155
11563984-10	2001	Indeed, caveolin-1 interacted with and potentiated the transactivation of an ERalpha mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 [ERalpha(Ser(118)--&gt;Ala)].	Alanine	195-198	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	8-18
11563984-10	2001	Indeed, caveolin-1 interacted with and potentiated the transactivation of an ERalpha mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 [ERalpha(Ser(118)--&gt;Ala)].	Alanine	195-198	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	77-84
11502743-6	2001	Importantly, rather than inhibiting it, Cyclin A-Cdk2 stimulated the initiation activity of pol-prim containing a triple N-terminal alanine mutant of the p180 subunit.	Alanine	132-139	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	40-48
11591408-0	2001	Inconsistent effects of the proline12 --&gt; alanine variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on body mass index in children and adolescent girls.	Alanine	45-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	68-117
11572971-3	2001	By amino acid exchanges, it was found that Ala(22) of h/rCRF was responsible for this peptide"s high affinity to CRFBP, whereas Glu(21) located in the equivalent position of Svg prevented high affinity binding to CRFBP.	Alanine	43-46	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
11572971-3	2001	By amino acid exchanges, it was found that Ala(22) of h/rCRF was responsible for this peptide"s high affinity to CRFBP, whereas Glu(21) located in the equivalent position of Svg prevented high affinity binding to CRFBP.	Alanine	43-46	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	113-118
11572971-6	2001	Thus, exchange of Ala and Glu and vice versa in positions 22 and 21 of h/rCRF and Svg, respectively, serves as a switch discriminating between CRFBP and CRFR.	Alanine	18-21	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
11572971-6	2001	Thus, exchange of Ala and Glu and vice versa in positions 22 and 21 of h/rCRF and Svg, respectively, serves as a switch discriminating between CRFBP and CRFR.	Alanine	18-21	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	143-148
11575926-3	2001	Alanine mutations at D31, D32 and K34 on the C strand and K43 and R48 on the C" strand reduce affinity for CD58 by 47-127-fold as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry.	Alanine	0-7	keratin 34	Homo sapiens	34-37
11429411-5	2001	Converting Ala(1239) in mrp1 to Thr, as in the corresponding position (1242) in MRP1, increased E(2)17betaG transport 3-fold.	Alanine	11-14	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	24-28
11748930-0	2001	Degradation signals in ErbB-2 dictate proteasomal processing and immunogenicity and resist protection by cis glycine-alanine repeat.	Alanine	117-124	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	23-29
11590132-7	2001	Two of the SNPs result in Val/Ile and Ala/Thr amino acid substitutions at positions 227 and 357 in the HUT2 open reading frame, respectively.	Alanine	38-41	solute carrier family 14 member 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
11429411-6	2001	Any mutation of mrp1 Ala(1239), including substitution with Thr, decreased resistance to vincristine and VP-16 without altering anthracycline resistance.	Alanine	21-24	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	16-20
11435434-1	2001	Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) includes a unique glycine-alanine repeat domain that inhibits the endogenous presentation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes through the class I pathway by blocking proteasome-dependent degradation of this antigen.	Alanine	85-92	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	52-57
11448957-2	2001	To identify determinants on the CCR5 carboxyl-terminal domain that regulate receptor signaling and internalization, we generated several CCR5 mutants, which were progressively shortened from the COOH terminus or had carboxyl-terminal serine, cysteine, or leucine residues substituted by alanine and expressed them in RBL-2H3 cells.	Alanine	287-294	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
11448957-4	2001	Phosphorylation-deficient truncation or Ser/Ala replacement mutants of CCR5 mediated a sustained calcium response and enhanced granular enzyme release in RANTES-stimulated cells.	Alanine	44-47	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
11448957-8	2001	Inhibition of CCR5 palmitoylation by alanine mutagenesis of cysteines or treatment with a palmitate analogue inhibitor profoundly reduces phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and RANTES-induced receptor phosphorylation, homologous desensitization, and internalization.	Alanine	37-44	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
11532319-3	2001	Model ester prodrugs using the stabilized dipeptides D-Glu-Ala and D-Asp-Ala as pro-moieties for benzyl alcohol have been shown to maintain affinity for hPepT1.	Alanine	59-62	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	153-159
11532319-6	2001	In the present study, all investigated D-Asp-Ala and D-Glu-Ala model prodrugs retained various degrees of affinity for hPepT1 in Caco-2 cells.	Alanine	45-48	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
11435434-6	2001	These observations provide, for the first time, evidence that the glycine-alanine repeat-mediated proteasomal block on EBNA1 can be reversed by specifically targeting this antigen for rapid degradation resulting in enhanced CD8+ T cell-mediated recognition in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	74-81	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	119-124
11520787-5	2001	Six separate alanine-substituted mutations were generated in 3 highly conserved motifs of FANCC.	Alanine	13-20	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	90-95
11513726-7	2001	However, a glycine residue adjacent to the D-5 inositol-phosphate-binding site in DAPP1 is substituted for a larger alanine residue in TAPP1, which also induces a conformational change in the neighbouring residues.	Alanine	116-123	dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	41-48	dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	41-48	dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	155-162	dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
11566958-1	2001	We previously demonstrated a differential activation of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathway in male and female deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, with the male rats exhibiting marked alterations in vascular and pressor responses to ET-1 and Suc-[Glu,(9)Ala(11,15)]-ET-1(8-21) (IRL-1620), an ET(B) agonist.	Alanine	265-268	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-72
11596673-6	2001	RESULTS: Whole-body insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in carriers compared with non-carriers of the Ala-allele of the codon 12 polymorphism in Swedish Caucasian men (6.0+/-2.5 vs 5.6+/-2.5 mg kg(-1) x min(-1) x mU/l](-1) x 100, p = 0.044).	Alanine	113-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
11566958-1	2001	We previously demonstrated a differential activation of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) pathway in male and female deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, with the male rats exhibiting marked alterations in vascular and pressor responses to ET-1 and Suc-[Glu,(9)Ala(11,15)]-ET-1(8-21) (IRL-1620), an ET(B) agonist.	Alanine	265-268	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
11513868-1	2001	The importance of three conserved transmembrane prolines of the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VPAC)(1) receptor was examined by single alanine substitution.	Alanine	146-153	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	70-122
11517317-5	2001	In this study, using an Escherichia coli expression system, we produced, purified, and characterized wild-type iNOS and iNOS-Ala mutants.	Alanine	125-128	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
11427530-1	2001	A highly conserved amino acid sequence, GVRAGGGIGD(4831), which may form part of the Ca(2+) release channel pore in RyR2, was subjected to Ala scanning or Ala to Val mutagenesis; function was then measured by expression in HEK-293 cells, followed by Ca(2+) photometry, high affinity [(3)H]ryanodine binding, and single-channel recording.	Alanine	139-142	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
11485557-5	2001	Five residues of GST I (Ser(11), His(40), Lys(41), Gln(53) and Ser(67)), which are located in the G-site, were individually replaced with alanine and their structural and functional roles in the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) conjugation reaction were investigated.	Alanine	138-145	glutathione S-transferase 1	Zea mays	17-22
11520168-2	2001	Two cartilage aggrecanases have been identified, aggrecanase-1 (ADAM-TS4) and aggrecanase-2 (ADAM-TS5) and both enzymes have been shown very efficiently to cleave soluble aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site.	Alanine	196-199	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Bos taurus	49-62
11521201-4	2001	We observed that an unmodified C-terminus was required for the suppression of apoptosis by the p53 135(Ala to Val) oncogenic p53 mutant.	Alanine	103-106	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	95-98
11521201-4	2001	We observed that an unmodified C-terminus was required for the suppression of apoptosis by the p53 135(Ala to Val) oncogenic p53 mutant.	Alanine	103-106	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	125-128
11469796-6	2001	In an attempt to characterize the active site of the enzyme we have substituted each of the 12 His residues in the rat TDO subunit with Ala, to determine their relative importance in heme binding.	Alanine	136-139	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	22-27
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-75
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	199-204
11438644-2	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the Cy motif of the cdk inhibitor p21 revealed that the conserved arginine or leucine (constituting the conserved RXL sequence) was important for p21"s ability to inhibit cyclin E-cdk2 activity.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	66-69
11438644-2	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the Cy motif of the cdk inhibitor p21 revealed that the conserved arginine or leucine (constituting the conserved RXL sequence) was important for p21"s ability to inhibit cyclin E-cdk2 activity.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	178-181
11520168-2	2001	Two cartilage aggrecanases have been identified, aggrecanase-1 (ADAM-TS4) and aggrecanase-2 (ADAM-TS5) and both enzymes have been shown very efficiently to cleave soluble aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site.	Alanine	196-199	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Bos taurus	64-72
11356845-3	2001	Our results from site-directed mutagenesis experiments have revealed that Phe-329 (analogous to Ala-350 in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)) is responsible for the constitutive activity of ERRalpha-1.	Alanine	96-99	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	107-130
11468344-5	2001	Based on the excellent fit of this model structure, we mutated nine amino acids in the putative catalytic cleft of PDE3A to alanine using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	124-131	phosphodiesterase 3A	Homo sapiens	115-120
11493738-2	2001	In D category V types I and II, the amino acid at position 226 is alanine, which is typical of the prevalent RHD allele and is observed in all RHCE alleles encoding the antigen e. A proline at position 226 in RHCE encodes the antigen E. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A blood sample of ccDEe phenotype was referred as suspected D category VI.	Alanine	66-73	Rh blood group CcEe antigens	Homo sapiens	143-147
11493738-2	2001	In D category V types I and II, the amino acid at position 226 is alanine, which is typical of the prevalent RHD allele and is observed in all RHCE alleles encoding the antigen e. A proline at position 226 in RHCE encodes the antigen E. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A blood sample of ccDEe phenotype was referred as suspected D category VI.	Alanine	66-73	Rh blood group CcEe antigens	Homo sapiens	209-213
11356845-3	2001	Our results from site-directed mutagenesis experiments have revealed that Phe-329 (analogous to Ala-350 in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)) is responsible for the constitutive activity of ERRalpha-1.	Alanine	96-99	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	132-139
11352901-5	2001	The interaction of 14-3-3eta with recombinant alpha4 subunits was abolished when serine 441 of the alpha4 subunit was mutated to alanine (alpha4(S441A)).	Alanine	129-136	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta	Homo sapiens	19-28
11356845-8	2001	These results indicate that Phe-329 in ERRalpha-1 and Ala-350 in ERalpha play important roles in both ligand binding and transactivation function.	Alanine	54-57	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-72
11342530-6	2001	Mutation of Glu(212) and/or Glu(220) in rat PAI-1 to Ala results in a strongly reduced affinity or absence of binding to MA-124K1.	Alanine	53-56	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
11352917-6	2001	Mutating these residues to alanine reduced the interaction of ERK2 with MEK1 in cells.	Alanine	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
11444978-8	2001	Additional residues deemed critical for hCGRP(1) receptor binding were identified from an alanine scan of [A(34),F(35)]CGRP(28-37)-NH(2) and included V(32) and F(37).	Alanine	90-97	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	41-45
11402452-12	2001	In normal individuals, negative correlation was found between heterozygote Ala/Thr and B27, and possibly there was positive correlation between phenotype Ala/Ala and B27.	Alanine	75-78	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	87-90
11390642-6	2001	Mutants of Chk1 containing alanine in place of serines 317 and 345 were poorly activated in response to replication blocks or genotoxic stress in vivo, were poorly phosphorylated by ATR in vitro, and were not found in faster-eluting fractions by gel filtration.	Alanine	27-34	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
11319224-9	2001	In contrast, nuclear export of the v-Rel oncoprotein by IkappaBalpha is disrupted by alanine substitutions within either the N-terminal or the C-terminal NES-like sequences.	Alanine	85-92	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-68
11319224-10	2001	However, alanine substitutions within the C-terminal NES-like sequence significantly reduce the affinity of IkappaBalpha for v-Rel, suggesting that loss of export function for this mutant is secondary to reduced association between IkappaBalpha and v-Rel.	Alanine	9-16	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-120
11416029-5	2001	Combining the homoarginine-11 substitution with other recently identified activity-enhancing substitutions yielded [Ala(3,12),Gln(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]PTH-(1-14)NH(2), which was 1500-fold more potent than PTH-(1-14)NH(2) (EC(50) = 0.12 +/- 0.04 and 190 +/- 20 microM, respectively) and only 63-fold less potent than PTH-(1-34) (EC(50) = 1.9 +/- 0.5 nM).	Alanine	116-119	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	150-153
11416029-5	2001	Combining the homoarginine-11 substitution with other recently identified activity-enhancing substitutions yielded [Ala(3,12),Gln(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]PTH-(1-14)NH(2), which was 1500-fold more potent than PTH-(1-14)NH(2) (EC(50) = 0.12 +/- 0.04 and 190 +/- 20 microM, respectively) and only 63-fold less potent than PTH-(1-34) (EC(50) = 1.9 +/- 0.5 nM).	Alanine	116-119	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	204-207
11416029-5	2001	Combining the homoarginine-11 substitution with other recently identified activity-enhancing substitutions yielded [Ala(3,12),Gln(10),Har(11),Trp(14)]PTH-(1-14)NH(2), which was 1500-fold more potent than PTH-(1-14)NH(2) (EC(50) = 0.12 +/- 0.04 and 190 +/- 20 microM, respectively) and only 63-fold less potent than PTH-(1-34) (EC(50) = 1.9 +/- 0.5 nM).	Alanine	116-119	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	204-207
11416029-6	2001	The even shorter analog [Ala(3),Gln(10),Har(11)]PTH-(1-11)NH(2) was also a full cAMP agonist (EC(50) = 3.1 +/- 1.5 microM).	Alanine	25-28	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	48-51
11320079-7	2001	Site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that replacement of the histidine with alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, or arginine in N(t)-FDH resulted in expression of insoluble proteins.	Alanine	84-91	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1	Homo sapiens	153-161
11394886-4	2001	The protein possesses a region rich in Ala and Pro residues around the middle of pkmA open reading frame, which might be involved in the transmembrane function, as suggested by PhoA fusion protein analysis.	Alanine	39-42	alkaline phosphatase	Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32	177-181
11458707-7	2001	Studies of NET gene structure in the proband revealed a coding mutation that converts a highly conserved transmembrane domain Ala residue to Pro.	Alanine	126-129	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
11384608-6	2001	80-90%) for cysteine uptake in both neurons and astrocytes, with a minor contribution from the ASC transport system (Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transport system for alanine, serine, and cysteine).	Alanine	173-180	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	95-98
11358908-11	2001	The distal portion of the duodenal tumour showed an additional point mutation in p53 gene at exon 5 (GCC (alanine)--&gt;GTC (valine) at codon 129).	Alanine	106-113	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	81-84
11356952-5	2001	The same result was achieved upon mutation of a single lysine residue of the NDK V3 loop to alanine (K319A) but not to arginine (K319R).	Alanine	92-99	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4	Homo sapiens	77-80
11402452-12	2001	In normal individuals, negative correlation was found between heterozygote Ala/Thr and B27, and possibly there was positive correlation between phenotype Ala/Ala and B27.	Alanine	154-157	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	166-169
11402452-12	2001	In normal individuals, negative correlation was found between heterozygote Ala/Thr and B27, and possibly there was positive correlation between phenotype Ala/Ala and B27.	Alanine	154-157	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	166-169
11278681-6	2001	Alanine substitution for any one of these phosphorylated residues, in conjunction with an alanine substitution at residue Ser(36), is lethal in combination with alleles of SPC97, which encodes a component of the Tub4p complex.	Alanine	0-7	gamma-tubulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	212-217
11402923-8	2001	In contrast, insulin sensitivity was significantly greater in X/Ala (0.19 +/- 0.03 U) compared to Pro/Pro (0.14 +/- 0.01 U, p = 0.04).	Alanine	64-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
11377822-2	2001	The purpose of this study is to explore ANP-induced changes in the phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), in AngII or K(+)-stimulated glomerulosa cells.	Alanine	100-107	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	40-43
11337056-2	2001	Model ester prodrugs using the stabilized dipeptides D-Glu-Ala and D-Asp-Ala as pro-moieties for benzyl alcohol have been shown to have affinity for hPepT1.	Alanine	59-62	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	149-155
11402923-9	2001	In a two-dimensional assessment of insulin sensitivity and secretion, the homozygous alanine carriers appeared to have the most favourable constellation.	Alanine	85-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
11402923-10	2001	CONCLUSION: These simultaneously obtained data for insulin secretion and sensitivity strongly suggest that the mechanism by which the Ala allele contributes to a risk reduction for type 2 diabetes most likely involves an increase in insulin sensitivity.	Alanine	134-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
11279098-4	2001	By studying the effects of alanine-cluster mutations, we highlight the contributions of two separate facets of the crystallographic dimer interface to Cet1 function in vivo.	Alanine	27-34	polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	151-155
11331587-6	2001	Expression of ptc1 in 293T cells was inhibitory to cell proliferation; this inhibition could be relieved by coexpression of a cyclin B1 derivative that constitutively localizes to the nucleus and that could not interact with ptc1 due to phosphorylation-site mutations to ALA: In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous ptc1 and endogenous cyclin B1 interact in vivo.	Alanine	271-274	patched 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
11334419-10	2001	In contrast, in the X/Ala group, there was a decrease of both second-phase insulin secretion (533 +/- 58 to 427 +/- 48 pmol/min, P = 0.02 vs. Pro/Pro) and in the response to arginine (from 7,518 +/- 1,306 to 6,458 +/- 1,040 pmol/min, P = 0.014 vs. Pro/Pro).	Alanine	22-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
11334419-11	2001	The insulin sensitivity index decreased comparably in Pro/Pro and X/Ala (to 71 +/- 8 vs. 74 +/- 9% of basal, P = 0.8).	Alanine	68-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
11350832-6	2001	Four iNOS mutants with alanine replacing Trp260, Asn261, Tyr267, or Asp280 did not generate NO.	Alanine	23-30	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	5-9
11350832-9	2001	iNOS mutants with alanine replacing Trp260, Asn261, or Tyr267, however, migrated only as monomers, suggesting that their inability to produce NO is related to a defect in dimer formation.	Alanine	18-25	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
11336112-5	2001	We synthesized a peptide with multiple alanine substitutions in both critical and noncritical residues of tethered ligand that specifically inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin and thrombin receptor-activating peptide and prevented thrombus formation in a rabbit thrombosis model.	Alanine	39-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	195-203
11309199-8	2001	On the other hand when we overexpressed a Rack1 variant with alanine substitutions in the putative PKC binding site in its third WD domain, we observed no deficit in migration.	Alanine	61-68	receptor of activated protein C kinase 1	Cricetulus griseus	42-47
11297526-3	2001	The alanine mutants at positions Thr(7), Asn(12), Leu(13), and Leu(20) show near wild type binding affinity and activity.	Alanine	4-11	interferon induced transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
11500636-2	2001	Aminopeptidase activities were studied by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of the artificial substrates Ala-, pGlu-, Pro-, Arg-, Asp- y Cis-2-naphthylamides (fluorimetrically detected at 412 rim with excitation at 345 nm).	Alanine	104-107	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
11289055-9	2001	The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) of glucose disposal was 0.095+/-0.006 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) x pmol(-1) x l(-1) in the control group and 0.129+/-0.008 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) x pmol(-1) x l(-1) in the X/Ala group (P = 0.003).	Alanine	216-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
11334888-1	2001	The substitution of alanines for the two cysteines which form thioether linkages to the haem group in cytochrome c(552) from Hydogenobacter thermophilus destabilises the native protein fold.	Alanine	20-28	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	102-114
11302743-3	2001	Here, we constructed a mutant by substituting the N-terminal glycine of Pr55(gag) with alanine to demonstrate that N-myristoylation of Pr55(gag) is required for efficient env protein transportation to the cell surface.	Alanine	87-94	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	171-174
11256967-1	2001	The translation eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4G of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae interacts with the RNA helicase eIF4A (a member of the DEAD-box protein family; where DEAD corresponds to Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) through a C-terminal domain in eIF4G (amino acids 542-883).	Alanine	205-208	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1	Homo sapiens	123-128
11289057-1	2001	Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity.	Alanine	51-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	90-139
11289057-1	2001	Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity.	Alanine	51-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	141-152
11289057-1	2001	Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity.	Alanine	51-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	228-235
11369207-13	2001	In contrast, an alanine substitution of the cysteine of the CAAX box has very little effect on Mn-SOD activity but eliminates ERK1/2- dependent transcription.	Alanine	16-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	126-132
11124966-4	2001	This replacement induces flexibility in the C alpha-helix at Ala(128), which swings the C-terminal domain of the open subunit more toward the N-terminal domain in the T127L/S128A double mutant of CRP (CRP*) than is observed in the open subunit of cAMP-ligated CRP.	Alanine	61-64	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	196-199
11124966-4	2001	This replacement induces flexibility in the C alpha-helix at Ala(128), which swings the C-terminal domain of the open subunit more toward the N-terminal domain in the T127L/S128A double mutant of CRP (CRP*) than is observed in the open subunit of cAMP-ligated CRP.	Alanine	61-64	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	201-205
11124966-4	2001	This replacement induces flexibility in the C alpha-helix at Ala(128), which swings the C-terminal domain of the open subunit more toward the N-terminal domain in the T127L/S128A double mutant of CRP (CRP*) than is observed in the open subunit of cAMP-ligated CRP.	Alanine	61-64	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	201-204
11298551-4	2001	Mutation analysis of the PPOX gene revealed an in-frame 12 bp insert (c. 657-658 ins AAGGCCAGCGCC) encoding lysine-alanine-serine-alanine (KASA), and a G to A transition at the splice donor site of exon 11 (IVS 11-1 G--&gt;A).	Alanine	115-122	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	25-29
11298551-4	2001	Mutation analysis of the PPOX gene revealed an in-frame 12 bp insert (c. 657-658 ins AAGGCCAGCGCC) encoding lysine-alanine-serine-alanine (KASA), and a G to A transition at the splice donor site of exon 11 (IVS 11-1 G--&gt;A).	Alanine	130-137	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	25-29
11289058-0	2001	The Pro12 --&gt;Ala substitution in PPAR-gamma is associated with resistance to development of diabetes in the general population: possible involvement in impairment of insulin secretion in individuals with type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	16-19	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	36-46
11289058-1	2001	The allele frequencies for a Pro12--&gt;Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma differ among ethnic groups, and its relationship with diabetes and associated diseases is controversial.	Alanine	40-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	60-108
20428443-8	2001	CONCLUSION: Xba I polymorphism is in a strong linkage disequilibrium with Ala (591) --&gt; Val polymorphism in apo B, which influences postprandial lipemia and so, possibly, intrauterine nutrition and, consequently, birth weight.	Alanine	74-77	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	111-116
11283257-5	2001	It was found that the active form of SREBP-2 exists as a stable dimer in solution and that the substitution of leucine residues for alanine in the leucine zipper motif disrupted the dimerization.	Alanine	132-139	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	37-44
11328489-8	2001	Interestingly, N-methylation of the Phe-Ala peptide bond of the terminally modified tripeptide Ac-Ala-Phe-Ala-NH2 decreased the substrate activity of the molecule for the efflux transporter P-gp.	Alanine	40-43	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
11328489-9	2001	In contrast, N-methylation of the Ala-Phe peptide bond of the terminally modified tripeptide Ac-Ala-Phe-Ala-NH2 increased the substrate activity of the molecule for P-gp.	Alanine	34-37	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
11124949-2	2001	In the active site, which is homologous between the cis,syn-cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and (6-4) photolyases, four amino acid residues that are specific to (6-4) photolyase, Gln(288), His(354), Leu(355), and His(358), and two conserved tryptophans, Trp(291) and Trp(398), were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	296-303	synemin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-59
11380954-4	2001	This new allele differs from DRB1*1309 in the 5"-end nucleotide sequence of polymorphic exon 2 at codon 16 (CAT--&gt;CAA; H16Q), codon 37 (AAC--&gt;TTC; R37F), codon 47 (TTC--&gt;TAC; F47Y), and codon 58 (GCC--&gt;GCT; both specify alanine).	Alanine	232-239	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
11121416-10	2001	Characterization of the other cysteine mutations of rPLD1 showed that mutation of cysteine 310 or 612 to alanine increased basal phospholipase D activity 2- and 4-fold, respectively.	Alanine	105-112	phospholipase D1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
11121421-9	2001	Serine-to-alanine and serine-to-glutamate substitutions at consensus protein kinase motifs resulted in reduction or loss of silencing activity of mutant HP1 in transgenic flies.	Alanine	10-17	Suppressor of variegation 205	Drosophila melanogaster	153-156
11134011-6	2001	Constitutive B1R activity was further increased by alanine mutation of Asn(121) in the third transmembrane domain of the receptor (B1A(121)).	Alanine	51-58	bradykinin receptor B1	Homo sapiens	13-16
11108720-7	2001	Site-specific mutation of these sites to alanine completely desensitizes S6K2 to activating inputs, whereas mutation to aspartic acid to mimic phosphorylation results in an activated enzyme which is hypersensitive to activating inputs.	Alanine	41-48	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2	Homo sapiens	73-77
11243884-6	2001	In addition, SN2 also transports serine, alanine, and glycine.	Alanine	41-48	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	13-16
11237860-7	2001	In contrast, replacement of Leu(1430)-Leu- and Tyr(1424)-based signals with alanine increased the cell-surface density of both the chimaeras and CFTR in an additive manner.	Alanine	76-83	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	145-149
11237865-3	2001	We find that the overexpression of FKHR[S256A] (where Ser-256--&gt;Ala) blocks PKB activity in cells, preventing phosphorylation of the endogenous substrates FKHRL1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3.	Alanine	67-70	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	35-39
11237865-3	2001	We find that the overexpression of FKHR[S256A] (where Ser-256--&gt;Ala) blocks PKB activity in cells, preventing phosphorylation of the endogenous substrates FKHRL1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3.	Alanine	67-70	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	158-164
11237766-4	2001	In this study, we replaced Asp-96 in MPO and the counterpart Asp-227 in LPO both with Ala by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	86-89	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	72-75
11087759-5	2001	Within the coiled-coil domain neutralization of the charged side chains was tolerated, while alanine substitutions of large hydrophobic residues resulted in the loss of nAChR clustering.	Alanine	93-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
11367528-8	2001	By alanine replacement mutagenesis, we demonstrated that these residues are involved in heparin, CRP and M protein binding, which indicates that there is a common site within fH SCR 7 responsible for multiple ligand recognition.	Alanine	3-10	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	97-100
11083860-3	2001	Mutational analysis of PLD1 and PLD2 reveals that modification of as little as the C-terminal threonine or the addition of a single alanine attenuates activity of the enzyme.	Alanine	132-139	phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	23-27
11309139-7	2001	Purified, recombinant Arabidopsis AGT1 expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed three transamination reactions using the following amino donor : acceptor combinations: alanine : glyoxylate, serine : glyoxylate, and serine : pyruvate.	Alanine	167-174	alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
11287089-4	2001	Also, the rat Y4 tolerates alanine in position 34 since p[Ala(34)]NPY bound with similar affinity as pNPY while the affinity for hY4 and gpY4 decreased about 50-fold.	Alanine	27-34	RNA, Ro60-associated Y4	Homo sapiens	14-16
11287089-4	2001	Also, the rat Y4 tolerates alanine in position 34 since p[Ala(34)]NPY bound with similar affinity as pNPY while the affinity for hY4 and gpY4 decreased about 50-fold.	Alanine	58-61	RNA, Ro60-associated Y4	Homo sapiens	14-16
11083872-5	2001	To assess the role of this hydrophobic cluster for the functional activity of PLTP, single point alanine mutants were engineered.	Alanine	97-104	phospholipid transfer protein	Homo sapiens	78-82
11078726-5	2001	Transfection of the p53 gene with an alanine mutation at the Ser(315) site into Saos-2 cells gave rise to a form of p53 protein with a substantially reduced specific activity as a transcription factor.	Alanine	37-44	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	20-23
11226253-5	2001	The ARF-GEP(100) Sec7 domain contains Asp(543) and Met(555), corresponding to residues associated with sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) in yeast Sec7, but also Phe(535) and Ala(536), associated with BFA-insensitivity.	Alanine	220-223	granulin precursor	Homo sapiens	8-11
11226253-5	2001	The ARF-GEP(100) Sec7 domain contains Asp(543) and Met(555), corresponding to residues associated with sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) in yeast Sec7, but also Phe(535) and Ala(536), associated with BFA-insensitivity.	Alanine	220-223	Arf family guanine nucleotide exchange factor SEC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-21
11226253-5	2001	The ARF-GEP(100) Sec7 domain contains Asp(543) and Met(555), corresponding to residues associated with sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) in yeast Sec7, but also Phe(535) and Ala(536), associated with BFA-insensitivity.	Alanine	220-223	Arf family guanine nucleotide exchange factor SEC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	192-196
11329267-6	2001	Of the eight Src tail residues examined, only the fully conserved Glu (Y-3 position) and Gln (Y-1 position) investigated by alanine scanning mutagenesis caused large reductions (10--40-fold) in dSrc substrate efficiency.	Alanine	124-131	Src oncogene at 64B	Drosophila melanogaster	194-198
11084041-8	2001	Mutation of the phosphorylation sites, in which the Thr and Ser residues were changed to alanine residues, reduced the apoptotic activity of BIK without significantly affecting its ability to heterodimerize with BCL-2.	Alanine	89-96	BCL2 interacting killer	Homo sapiens	141-144
11096078-4	2001	We expressed mutant FcRn in which alanine replaced Trp-311, Leu-322, and Leu-323, or Phe-340 in the inner medullary collecting duct cell line IMCD.	Alanine	34-41	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
11078726-5	2001	Transfection of the p53 gene with an alanine mutation at the Ser(315) site into Saos-2 cells gave rise to a form of p53 protein with a substantially reduced specific activity as a transcription factor.	Alanine	37-44	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	116-119
11096078-5	2001	Individual replacement of the aromatic amino acids or the dileucine motif only partially blocked endocytosis of (125)I-Fc, whereas uptake by FcRn containing alanine residues in place of both Trp-311 and the dileucine motif was reduced to the level obtained with the tailless receptor.	Alanine	157-164	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
11368335-0	2001	Site-directed mutagenesis studies on a putative fifth iron ligand of mouse 8S-lipoxygenase: retention of catalytic activity on mutation of serine-558 to asparagine, histidine, or alanine.	Alanine	179-186	arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	75-90
11035031-6	2001	An enzymatically active conformation of GSTO1-1 was required for inhibition of RyR2, and mutation of the active site cysteine (Cys-32 --&gt; Ala) abolished the inhibitory activity.	Alanine	141-144	ryanodine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
11165234-4	2001	While the overall identity is not high, NOP shares several sequence similarities with mammalian and chicken osteopontins, including the percentage of aspartate, serine and alanine residues and the presence of a cell attachment motif.	Alanine	172-179	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	40-43
11162621-5	2001	The ability of the stimulation of gastric acid output was less in three alanine-substituted orexin-A, [Ala(6,12)]orexin-A, [Ala(7,14)]orexin-A, and [Ala(6,7,12,14)]orexin-A, than orexin-A.	Alanine	72-79	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	92-100
11261326-8	2001	In particular, DRB1*04 variants coding for alanine at position 74 of the DR beta 1 chain (HLA-DR4-Ala74 beta subtype) were detected in all 13 DR4-positive SAA patients but only in 15/24 (62.5%) controls (OR = 16.6; 95% CI: 0.9-312.0; P = 0.015).	Alanine	43-50	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
11261326-8	2001	In particular, DRB1*04 variants coding for alanine at position 74 of the DR beta 1 chain (HLA-DR4-Ala74 beta subtype) were detected in all 13 DR4-positive SAA patients but only in 15/24 (62.5%) controls (OR = 16.6; 95% CI: 0.9-312.0; P = 0.015).	Alanine	43-50	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-93
11162796-9	2001	(iii) The EBNA-LP mutant with the arginine to alanine substitutions in NMTS was no longer localized not only to the nuclear matrix but also to the nucleus.	Alanine	46-53	EBNA-LP	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	10-17
11300350-0	2001	Hb Mont Saint Aignan [beta128(H6)Ala-->Pro]: a new unstable variant leading to chronic microcytic anemia.	Alanine	33-37	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	9-10
11300350-1	2001	Hb Mont Saint-Aignan [beta128(H6)Ala-->Pro] is a mildly unstable variant, associated with hemolytic anemia, marked microcytosis and increased alpha/beta biosynthetic ratio (1.55 versus 1.1 +/- 0.1 in the control).	Alanine	33-37	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	9-10
11158005-0	2001	Effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 pro(12)ala variant on obesity, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure in members of familial type 2 diabetic kindreds.	Alanine	72-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	14-64
11060302-5	2001	Interestingly, not only aspartic acid but also asparagine were identified as products of NIT4-catalyzed Ala(CN) hydrolysis.	Alanine	104-107	nitrilase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	89-93
11060302-9	2001	The NIT4 homologs of N. tabacum were found to catalyze the same reactions and protein extracts of A. thaliana, N. tabacum and Lupinus angustifolius also converted Ala(CN) to Asp and Asn in vitro.	Alanine	163-166	nitrilase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
11136248-3	2001	Of the mutations made, the substitution of Trp-676 with alanine (W676A) resulted in a functional NADH-dependent enzyme, which catalyzed the reduction of cytochrome c and ferricyanide as well as facilitated the metabolism of 7-ethoxyresorufin by CYP1A2.	Alanine	56-63	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	153-165
11136248-8	2001	Overall, the results show that Trp-676 of human CPR plays a major role in cofactor discrimination, and substitution of this conserved aromatic residue with alanine results in an efficient NADH-dependent cytochrome P450 system.	Alanine	156-163	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	48-51
11124746-1	2001	BACKGROUND: The affinity of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP) for fatty acids is regulated by the polymorphism at codon 54 of the FABP2 gene (alanine-to-threonine shift).	Alanine	153-160	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-146
11393182-1	2001	Aminopeptidase activity was measured towards L-alanine and L-leucine naphtylamides in the blood serum obtained from the non-pregnant women and from women during the stages of the physiological delivery.	Alanine	45-54	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
11460471-7	2001	These findings demonstrate that thrombin specificity can be dissected at the molecular level using Ala-scanning mutagenesis and the procoagulant function of the enzyme can be abrogated rationally and selectively.	Alanine	99-102	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	32-40
11483158-9	2001	Mutation of either serine 33 or serine 37 of p53 to alanine blocked the ability of GSK3beta to regulate p53 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	52-59	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	45-48
11483158-9	2001	Mutation of either serine 33 or serine 37 of p53 to alanine blocked the ability of GSK3beta to regulate p53 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	52-59	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	104-107
11460501-2	2001	Replacement of W215 with Ala reduces fibrinogen and PAR4 cleavage 500-fold and 280-fold, respectively.	Alanine	25-28	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	37-47
11137709-2	2001	Two series of NKA(4-10) analogues were produced with either L-alanine or the D-enantiomer substituted.	Alanine	60-69	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
11642611-8	2001	TCR transgenic T cells specific to cytochrome c peptide 88-104 acquired the capacity to respond to the low-affinity analogue at position 99 (lys--&gt;ala) if PAHA was present during their development.	Alanine	150-153	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	35-47
11119577-5	2001	A mutant EBNA-3A protein in which alanine residues were substituted for amino acids 199, 200, and 202 no longer downregulated transcription.	Alanine	34-41	EBNA3A	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	9-16
11165898-0	2001	The BCAA-BCKA cycle: its relation to alanine and glutamine synthesis and protein balance.	Alanine	37-44	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8
11326318-5	2001	Examination of several serine--&gt;alanine substitution mutants of Bcl-2 suggested that serine 70 and serine 87 represent major sites of Bcl-2 phosphorylation induced in response to microtubule-targeting drugs.	Alanine	35-42	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	67-72
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	81-88	MIS18 kinetochore protein A	Homo sapiens	126-133
11016934-6	2000	Using a combination of alanine scanning, polymer blot analysis, and photoaffinity labeling, we have identified poly(ADP-ribose)-binding sites in the following proteins: p53, p21(CIP1/WAF1), xeroderma pigmentosum group A complementing protein, MSH6, DNA ligase III, XRCC1, DNA polymerase epsilon, DNA-PK(CS), Ku70, NF-kappaB, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, caspase-activated DNase, and telomerase.	Alanine	23-30	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	169-172
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	108-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
11123923-1	2000	We have probed the electrophilic binding site (H-site) of human glutathione transferase P1-1 through mutagenesis of two valines, Val 10 and Val 35, into glycine and alanine, respectively.	Alanine	165-172	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Homo sapiens	88-92
10984492-2	2000	Here, we quantitatively mapped the complete binding region of ifnar2 on interferon (IFN)alpha2 by 35 individual mutations to alanine and isosteric residues.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	81-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	100-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	108-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
10993892-6	2000	This stimulation and the phosphorylation of GAIP by Erk2 were abrogated when serine at position 151 in the RGS domain was substituted by an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	140-147	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
10993892-6	2000	This stimulation and the phosphorylation of GAIP by Erk2 were abrogated when serine at position 151 in the RGS domain was substituted by an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	140-147	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	107-110
11113444-0	2000	The effects of cysteine to alanine mutations of CD18 on the expression and adhesion of the CD11/CD18 integrins.	Alanine	27-34	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
10982819-5	2000	Modeling its interaction with substrate suggested that a favorable interaction with Glu-95 of Cdc42 (Glu-97 of RhoA) would be absent with the corresponding Ala-95 of Rac1.	Alanine	156-159	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	111-115
11113444-0	2000	The effects of cysteine to alanine mutations of CD18 on the expression and adhesion of the CD11/CD18 integrins.	Alanine	27-34	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
11113444-2	2000	These 12 cysteines were mutated to alanines, either singly or in pairs, in CD18.	Alanine	35-43	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
10995737-3	2000	Here I show that isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase aminoacylates CoA-SH with valine, leucine, threonine, alanine, and serine in addition to isoleucine.	Alanine	97-104	isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	17-42
11098038-7	2000	The INHalpha variant resulted in a non-conservative amino acid change, with a substitution from alanine to threonine.	Alanine	96-103	inhibin subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	4-12
10944518-1	2000	The first Y(5) receptor-selective analog of neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY, has been developed and biologically characterized.	Alanine	67-70	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	44-58
10944518-1	2000	The first Y(5) receptor-selective analog of neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY, has been developed and biologically characterized.	Alanine	67-70	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
10944518-1	2000	The first Y(5) receptor-selective analog of neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY, has been developed and biologically characterized.	Alanine	67-70	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
10944518-6	2000	The NMR solution structures of NPY and [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY showed a different conformation in the C-terminal region, where the alpha-helix of NPY was substituted by a more flexible, 3(10)-helical turn structure.	Alanine	40-43	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
10944518-6	2000	The NMR solution structures of NPY and [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY showed a different conformation in the C-terminal region, where the alpha-helix of NPY was substituted by a more flexible, 3(10)-helical turn structure.	Alanine	40-43	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
10944518-6	2000	The NMR solution structures of NPY and [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY showed a different conformation in the C-terminal region, where the alpha-helix of NPY was substituted by a more flexible, 3(10)-helical turn structure.	Alanine	40-43	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
11020444-5	2000	SCH 79797 and its N-methyl analog (SCH 203099) inhibited binding of a high-affinity thrombin receptor-activating peptide ([(3)H]haTRAP, Ala-Phe(p-F)-Arg-ChA-HArg-[(3)H]Tyr-NH(2)) to PAR-1 with IC(50) values of 70 and 45 nM, respectively.	Alanine	136-139	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	84-92
10995737-5	2000	Lysyl-tRNA synthetase aminoacylates CoA-SH with lysine, leucine, threonine, alanine, valine, and isoleucine.	Alanine	76-83	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
10945986-6	2000	Similarly, co-transfected Ala --&gt; Thr-1940 human NMHC-IIA was phosphorylated by activated CaM kinase II in HeLa cells, while wild type was not.	Alanine	26-29	myosin heavy chain 9	Homo sapiens	52-60
11046064-6	2000	CCR2B was found to be sulfated at Tyr(26); this sulfation was abolished by the substitution of Tyr with Ala and severely reduced by substitution of Asp(25), a part of the consensus sulfation site.	Alanine	104-107	C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
11080808-12	2000	In addition, mutation of p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-392 to alanines renders p53 resistant to Tax inhibition.	Alanine	54-62	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	25-28
11080808-12	2000	In addition, mutation of p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-392 to alanines renders p53 resistant to Tax inhibition.	Alanine	54-62	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	71-74
11029577-8	2000	The results demonstrate that the His-His-Gln-Lys region of Abeta, and in particular His13, is an important structural domain, as Ala substitution produces a dysfunctional folding mutant.	Alanine	129-132	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	59-64
11056395-5	2000	In order to obtain non-mannosylated midkine, alanine residues were substituted for the three threonine residues by site specific mutagenesis.	Alanine	45-52	midkine	Homo sapiens	36-43
11046132-4	2000	A point-mutated version of the PDGFR, with the terminal leucine changed to alanine (L1106A), cannot bind NHERF in vitro and is markedly impaired relative to the wild-type receptor with regard to PDGF-induced autophosphorylation and activation of ERK in cells.	Alanine	75-82	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	31-36
11024123-6	2000	Clustered alanine mutations were introduced into CR1 to CR3, and the conserved serines were also changed to alanine residues in an EBNA-LP with two repeats, which is the minimal protein able to cooperate with EBNA2.	Alanine	108-115	EBNA-LP	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	131-138
11117432-7	2000	From our data we conclude that in PW with the alanine substitution in the NBF-2 region, the insulin response of the pancreatic beta-cell after glucose intake is enhanced and does not correlate with actual BG levels.	Alanine	46-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
11083943-9	2000	Amino acid sequence comparisons of the HyD of HOXA11 suggested that a putative repressor subdomain, containing stretches of consecutive alanine residues, emerged within the tetrapods.	Alanine	136-143	homeobox A11b	Danio rerio	46-52
11040051-2	2000	The most efficient amino acid replacement was a substitution of alanine at position 18 to diphenylalanine (Dip), increasing the displacement efficiency of (125)I-VIP by 370-fold.	Alanine	64-71	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
10940294-5	2000	Mutation of the serine and valine residues to alanine impairs interaction of rhotekin with TIP-1.	Alanine	46-53	Tax1 binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	91-96
11161109-0	2000	Four new monomeric insulins obtained by alanine scanning the dimer-forming surface of the insulin molecule.	Alanine	40-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
11161109-1	2000	The residues A21Asn, B12Val, B16Tyr, B24Phe, B25Phe, B26Tyr and B27Thr, buried in the dimer of insulin, were identified by means of alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	132-139	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
11161109-2	2000	The receptor binding activity, in vivo biological potency and self-association properties of the seven single alanine human insulin mutants were determined.	Alanine	110-117	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-131
11161109-3	2000	Four of the seven single alanine mutants, [B12Ala]human insulin, [B16Ala]human insulin, [B24Ala]human insulin and [B26Ala]human insulin, are monomeric insulin, which indicates that B12Val, B16Tyr, B24Phe and B26Tyr are crucial for the formation of insulin dimer.	Alanine	25-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
11040130-4	2000	Modifying the mutant CP gene to encode the wild type sequence (alanine) at position 162 restored aphid transmission.	Alanine	63-70	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	21-23
11035786-6	2000	Conversion of the threonines at positions 27 and 31 to alanine also abolished the PKC sensitivity of Ca(v)1.2.	Alanine	55-62	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	82-85
10918061-5	2000	To identify which residues were modified, and to determine the functional consequences of their phosphorylation, we generated a series of Ser to Ala mutations of a truncated c-Mpl receptor (T69) capable of supporting TPO-induced cell growth.	Alanine	145-148	MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	174-179
11033015-4	2000	For each of these mAbs we localized the epitope recognized on human p53 by the Spot method of multiple peptide synthesis, defined critical residues on p53 involved in the interaction by alanine scanning replacement experiments and determined kinetic parameters using real-time interaction analysis.	Alanine	186-193	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	68-71
11033015-4	2000	For each of these mAbs we localized the epitope recognized on human p53 by the Spot method of multiple peptide synthesis, defined critical residues on p53 involved in the interaction by alanine scanning replacement experiments and determined kinetic parameters using real-time interaction analysis.	Alanine	186-193	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	151-154
10918061-5	2000	To identify which residues were modified, and to determine the functional consequences of their phosphorylation, we generated a series of Ser to Ala mutations of a truncated c-Mpl receptor (T69) capable of supporting TPO-induced cell growth.	Alanine	145-148	thrombopoietin	Homo sapiens	217-220
10864932-2	2000	To examine the effect of this interaction on ligand binding and kinase activation in the type II isozyme of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGKII), alanine was substituted for the conserved threonine or serine.	Alanine	147-154	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	139-144
11000412-1	2000	Many of the recent advances in the understanding of the pathological processes underlying Alzheimer"s disease have come about as a result of the development of assays that can specifically quantitate in biological milieu amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides ending at amino-acid positions Ala-42 (A beta(42)) and Val-40 (A beta(40)).	Alanine	283-286	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	221-233
11000412-1	2000	Many of the recent advances in the understanding of the pathological processes underlying Alzheimer"s disease have come about as a result of the development of assays that can specifically quantitate in biological milieu amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides ending at amino-acid positions Ala-42 (A beta(42)) and Val-40 (A beta(40)).	Alanine	283-286	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	235-241
11027609-5	2000	The cytoplasmic domain-deleted cadherin-4 containing the mutation of Trp-2 to Ala, which is known to inhibit the strand dimer formation required for the cell-cell adhesion, retained the possible activity of lateral cluster formation, supporting this notion.	Alanine	78-81	tRNA-Pro (anticodon AGG) 2-6	Homo sapiens	69-74
11082516-10	2000	The residue at DRB1-74 differs in these alleles: DRB1*0407 has glutamic acid and DRB1*1502 has an alanine, suggesting that this substitution may be important for both, peptide anchoring and for presentation to the T cells.	Alanine	98-105	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
11082516-10	2000	The residue at DRB1-74 differs in these alleles: DRB1*0407 has glutamic acid and DRB1*1502 has an alanine, suggesting that this substitution may be important for both, peptide anchoring and for presentation to the T cells.	Alanine	98-105	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
11082516-10	2000	The residue at DRB1-74 differs in these alleles: DRB1*0407 has glutamic acid and DRB1*1502 has an alanine, suggesting that this substitution may be important for both, peptide anchoring and for presentation to the T cells.	Alanine	98-105	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
11032020-7	2000	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues 30-55 revealed two different amino acids, P41 and P44, of mouse JunD that were critical for interaction with menin.	Alanine	0-7	multiple endocrine neoplasia 1	Mus musculus	150-155
11007975-6	2000	Our results are consistent with the notion that Glu-491 and Glu-493 play an important role in the sub-endosomal trafficking of Glut4, as substitution of these residues with Ala results in increased levels of these proteins at the cell surface, reduced insulin-stimulated translocation and increased susceptibility to endosomal ablation.	Alanine	173-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	252-259
10878019-3	2000	We mutated the important contact sites Glu-89, Asn-90, and Asn-130 in RGS16 to lysine, aspartate, and alanine, respectively.	Alanine	102-109	regulator of G-protein signaling 16	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
10862775-6	2000	The results parallel the alanine scanning mutagenesis data, i.e. heparin binding to the alpha1(V) chain involved Arg(912), Arg(918), and Arg(921) and two additional neighboring basic residues, Lys(905) and Arg(909).	Alanine	25-32	collagen type V alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	88-97
10846177-15	2000	Among four possible Cdk phosphorylation sites of huCdc7, replacement of Thr-376, corresponding to the activating threonine of Cdk, with alanine (T376A mutant) dramatically reduces kinase activity, indicative of kinase activation by phosphorylation of this residue.	Alanine	136-143	cell division cycle 7	Homo sapiens	49-55
10852925-5	2000	Point substitution of the C-terminal leucine (Leu at position 0) with alanine abrogated apical polarization of CFTR, interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane, and chloride secretion.	Alanine	70-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	111-115
11019816-5	2000	The interaction between RNase A and decavanadate has a coulombic component, as the affinity for decavanadate is diminished by NaCl and binding is weaker to variant enzymes in which one (K41A RNase A) or three (K7A/R10A/K66A RNase A) of the cationic residues near the active site have been replaced with alanine.	Alanine	303-310	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	24-31
10947972-7	2000	We find that the caspases show an unexpected degree of discrimination in the P(1)" position, with a general preference for small amino acid residues such as alanine, glycine and serine, with glycine being the preferred substituent.	Alanine	157-164	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	17-25
10869359-5	2000	The alteration of the serine residues within the Akt consensus sites to alanines results in a progressive increase in enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	72-80	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10852925-5	2000	Point substitution of the C-terminal leucine (Leu at position 0) with alanine abrogated apical polarization of CFTR, interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane, and chloride secretion.	Alanine	70-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
10852925-5	2000	Point substitution of the C-terminal leucine (Leu at position 0) with alanine abrogated apical polarization of CFTR, interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane, and chloride secretion.	Alanine	70-77	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	137-141
10944436-6	2000	Nevertheless, in vitro, the tumors possessing the Ala --&gt; Thr amino acid change responded very strongly to GHRH in terms of cAMP formation, being increased 40- and 200-fold, in comparison to the 2-fold increases by tumors without the alternative GHRH-receptor sequence.	Alanine	50-53	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	110-114
10999802-2	2000	To assess whether increased intestinal triglyceride input leads to elevated fasting and postprandial triglycerides in type 2 diabetes, we used the codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene, which results in the substitution of threonine (Thr) for alanine and is associated with increased intestinal input of triglyceride.	Alanine	268-275	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	176-204
11016880-5	2000	Alanine-substituted analogues were generally better substrates than BK itself, although differences between the peptidases were observed.	Alanine	0-7	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	68-70
11016884-4	2000	CFP is a potent and specific inhibitor, but is unstable in vivo due to its cleavage between the alanine and tyrosine residues by the enzyme neprilysin (EP 24.11).	Alanine	96-103	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	0-3
11016884-4	2000	CFP is a potent and specific inhibitor, but is unstable in vivo due to its cleavage between the alanine and tyrosine residues by the enzyme neprilysin (EP 24.11).	Alanine	96-103	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	140-150
10823823-8	2000	Asp-Arg-Val-Asp(29)-Glu, Asp-Ile-Val-Asp(208)-Arg, and Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp(633)-Ala were identified as the principal caspase-3 cleavage sites; Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp(633)-Ala was key in the formation of the 74-kDa fragment.	Alanine	160-163	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	113-122
10823823-10	2000	In conclusion, the data support a model in which increased phosphorylation of alpha-adducin due to cisplatin leads to dissociation from the cytoskeleton, a situation rendered irreversible by caspase-3-mediated cleavage of alpha-adducin at Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp(633)-Ala.	Alanine	260-263	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	78-91
10823823-10	2000	In conclusion, the data support a model in which increased phosphorylation of alpha-adducin due to cisplatin leads to dissociation from the cytoskeleton, a situation rendered irreversible by caspase-3-mediated cleavage of alpha-adducin at Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp(633)-Ala.	Alanine	260-263	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	191-200
10944436-6	2000	Nevertheless, in vitro, the tumors possessing the Ala --&gt; Thr amino acid change responded very strongly to GHRH in terms of cAMP formation, being increased 40- and 200-fold, in comparison to the 2-fold increases by tumors without the alternative GHRH-receptor sequence.	Alanine	50-53	growth hormone releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	249-262
10940568-1	2000	S1 mapping showed that at least a significant portion of the 5S rRNA and tRNA(Arg)(ACG) is co-transcribed in canola chloroplast, making trnR the last gene transcribed in an operon of which the final sequence is 5"-16S-tRNA(Ile)-tRNA(Ala)-23S-4.5S-5S-tRNA(Arg)-3".	Alanine	233-236	trnR	Brassica napus	136-140
10924156-4	2000	This report shows that mutation of either His-607 (A motif) or His-643 (B motif) to alanine profoundly diminishes support of PDE catalysis by Mn(2+) or Mg(2+), but mutation of His-647 in B motif or of Glu in either motif does not.	Alanine	84-91	phosphodiesterase 5A	Homo sapiens	125-128
10931524-6	2000	Truncations of the GAL4-Gtx fusion identified a portable repressor domain within a relatively proline/alanine-rich region N-terminal to the Gtx homeodomain.	Alanine	102-109	NK6 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	24-27
10931524-6	2000	Truncations of the GAL4-Gtx fusion identified a portable repressor domain within a relatively proline/alanine-rich region N-terminal to the Gtx homeodomain.	Alanine	102-109	NK6 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	140-143
10922078-8	2000	The major portion of intracellular Abeta at steady state was found in the same Golgi/trans-Golgi network-rich vesicles, and Abeta levels in these fractions were markedly reduced when either PS1 TM aspartate was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	222-229	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	35-40
10791963-8	2000	Deletion or alanine substitution of an N-terminal leucine repeat motif present in both RGS4 and RGS16, a domain identified as a nuclear export sequence in HIV Rev and other proteins, promoted nuclear localization of these proteins in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	12-19	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	87-91
10801840-3	2000	Solid-phase syntheses of VIP analogs in which each amino acid has been changed to alanine (Ala scan) or glycine was achieved and each analog was tested for: (i) three-dimensional structure by ab initio molecular modeling; (ii) ability to inhibit (125)I-VIP binding (K(i)) and to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity (EC(50)) in membranes from cell clones stably expressing human recombinant VPAC(1) or VPAC(2) receptor.	Alanine	82-89	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
10801840-3	2000	Solid-phase syntheses of VIP analogs in which each amino acid has been changed to alanine (Ala scan) or glycine was achieved and each analog was tested for: (i) three-dimensional structure by ab initio molecular modeling; (ii) ability to inhibit (125)I-VIP binding (K(i)) and to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity (EC(50)) in membranes from cell clones stably expressing human recombinant VPAC(1) or VPAC(2) receptor.	Alanine	91-94	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
10913301-2	2000	Dipeptidylpeptidase IV cleaves GLP-2 at the position 2 alanine, resulting in the inactivation of peptide activity.	Alanine	55-62	glucagon	Homo sapiens	31-36
10913301-5	2000	In contrast, alanine replacement at positions 5,6,17, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30, and 31 led to diminished GLP-2R binding.	Alanine	13-20	glucagon like peptide 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	103-109
10913301-6	2000	Position 2 substitutions containing Asp, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp, and Tyr, and Ala substitutions at positions 12 and 21 exhibited normal to enhanced GLP-2R binding but greater than 75% reduction in receptor activation.	Alanine	79-82	glucagon like peptide 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	149-155
10922078-8	2000	The major portion of intracellular Abeta at steady state was found in the same Golgi/trans-Golgi network-rich vesicles, and Abeta levels in these fractions were markedly reduced when either PS1 TM aspartate was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	222-229	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	124-129
10908667-1	2000	A combinatorial alanine-scanning strategy was used to determine simultaneously the functional contributions of 19 side chains buried at the interface between human growth hormone and the extracellular domain of its receptor.	Alanine	16-23	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	164-178
10891092-5	2000	Replacement of W215 with Ala almost obliterates Na(+) binding, reduces the level of fibrinogen cleavage 500-fold, but decreases the levels of protein C activation and PAR-1 cleavage only 3- and 25-fold, respectively.	Alanine	25-28	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	84-94
10900006-3	2000	We have mutated all serine and threonine residues in the Ig-alpha tail to alanine and valine, respectively.	Alanine	74-81	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	57-65
10783386-12	2000	8-Bromo-cGMP-induced actin disassembly was inhibited in vascular myocytes expressing RhoA(Ala-188), a mutant that could not be phosphorylated.	Alanine	90-93	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	85-89
10903871-5	2000	NMR spectroscopy revealed several through-space interactions between aromatic protons of tetracycline and side-chain protons of Ala(117-119), Val(121-122) and Leu(125) of PrP 106-126.	Alanine	128-131	prion protein	Homo sapiens	171-174
10884347-5	2000	An alanine mutation at any one of four key positions abrogates the efficacy of a synthetic peptide containing this motif as an inhibitor of cyclin A-cdk2 phosphorylation of p53 protein.	Alanine	3-10	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	140-148
10884347-5	2000	An alanine mutation at any one of four key positions abrogates the efficacy of a synthetic peptide containing this motif as an inhibitor of cyclin A-cdk2 phosphorylation of p53 protein.	Alanine	3-10	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	173-176
10910365-7	2000	ATM phosphorylates CtIP at serine residues 664 and 745, and mutation of these sites to alanine abrogates the dissociation of BRCA1 from CtIP, resulting in persistent repression of BRCA1-dependent induction of GADD45 upon ionizing radiation.	Alanine	87-94	growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha	Mus musculus	209-215
10861025-5	2000	If the overexpressed GAP-43 was mutated by a Ser --&gt; Ala substitution to preclude its phosphorylation by protein kinase C, then no learning enhancement was found.	Alanine	56-59	growth associated protein 43	Mus musculus	21-27
10891990-10	2000	Unexpectedly, full sequencing of the PRNP open reading frame revealed a single novel mutation consisting of an adenine-to-guanine substitution at nucleotide 611, causing alanine to replace threonine at codon 188.	Alanine	170-177	prion protein	Homo sapiens	37-41
10926119-4	2000	No mutation was detected in these genes although length polymorphisms in the proline-alanine repeat of the p57 gene were detected.	Alanine	85-92	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C	Homo sapiens	107-110
10764812-4	2000	The responses to high [Ca(2+)](o) in cells expressing CaRs with Ala substitutions at these sites were &lt;35% of the wt CaR.	Alanine	64-67	calcium sensing receptor	Homo sapiens	54-57
10952410-0	2000	Antibody binding regions on human nerve growth factor identified by homolog- and alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	81-88	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	34-53
10838091-4	2000	Mutation of serine 237 to a non-phosphorylable alanine (MyoD-Ala237) abolished the positive regulation of MyoD by Mos following overexpression in proliferating 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	47-54	Moloney sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	114-117
10935781-7	2000	More positive/less negative levels of alanine, aspartate, glutamine, glycine, ornithine, taurine and tyrosine were found in all the insulin-treated patients.	Alanine	38-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
10861570-2	2000	Recently, EBNA-1 carboxy (C)-terminal sequence variants have been described based on the amino acid signature at codon 487, and designated prototype (P)-ala (identical to prototype B95.8 strain), P-thr, variant (V)-val, V-leu, and V-pro.	Alanine	153-156	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	10-16
10794694-4	2000	As previously reported, the corresponding linear heptapeptide Ac-Val-His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala-NH(2) (2) binds to hCyp-18 with a low affinity (IC(50) = 850 +/- 220 microM) but a potentially useful selectivity for hCyp-18 relative to hFKBP-12, another abundant PPIase.	Alanine	73-76	FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B	Homo sapiens	258-264
10820003-6	2000	Alanine scanning of CD4-reactive peptides identified critical residues, selected for site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	0-7	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	20-23
10828974-10	2000	Given the presence of natural alanine residues at positions 648 and 657 within ErbB-2, this approach afforded heteronuclear probes within the motif Ser(656)AlaValValGlu(660), thought to be important for homodimer formation, and nine residues upstream of this site.	Alanine	30-37	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	79-85
10811859-3	2000	However, EBNA1 is invisible to CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes because its Gly/Ala repeat domain prevents proteasome-dependent processing for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I.	Alanine	78-81	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	9-14
10799512-7	2000	Combination of alanine mutations affecting both MAB383 and MAB664 binding resulted in a variant that also lost binding to VEGF.	Alanine	15-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	122-126
10756187-5	2000	The amino acids that comprise the active site of CaCet1p were identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis, which was guided by the crystal structure of the homologous RNA triphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Cet1p).	Alanine	76-83	polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-56
10779387-7	2000	Using polymerase chain reaction, tyrosine 186 in AQP1, selected for its proximity to the mercury-binding site, was mutated to phenylalanine (Y186F), alanine (Y186A), or asparagine (Y186N).	Alanine	132-139	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	49-53
10909867-0	2000	The cisproline(i - 1)-aromatic(i) interaction: folding of the Ala-cisPro-Tyr peptide characterized by NMR and theoretical approaches.	Alanine	62-65	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A	Homo sapiens	4-20
11876992-0	2000	[Construction and transient expression of an Ala 737--&gt;Glu mutant of vWF].	Alanine	45-48	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	72-75
10770485-3	2000	Since several reports have shown the importance of this helix in ligand-mediated signaling, we have used Ala scanning mutagenesis to study eight amino acid residues of rat LHR that are invariant in the three glycoprotein hormone receptors, Leu586, Val587, Asn593, Ser594, Cys595, Asn597, Phe604, and Thr605.	Alanine	105-108	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
10766772-9	2000	Substitution of alanine for each of the five charged residues within the disintegrin loop of mADAM 2 revealed a critical importance for the aspartic acid at position nine.	Alanine	16-23	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 2	Mus musculus	93-100
10713675-2	2000	The contribution of these alterations to lymphomagenesis is not understood; however, truncation at amino acid 666 to generate 80 - 85 kD proteins in the HUT78 cell line is associated with addition of a short (serine-alanine-serine) fusion at the 3" end of p80HT, as well as with increased expression of NFKB2 mRNA.	Alanine	216-223	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2	Homo sapiens	303-308
10810162-2	2000	P. pastoris expressed the human lysozyme at about 300 mg/l broth, but four extra residues (Glu(-4)-Ala(-3)-Glu(-2)-Ala(-1)-) were added at the N-terminus of the expressed protein (EAEA-lysozyme).	Alanine	99-102	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	32-40
10810162-2	2000	P. pastoris expressed the human lysozyme at about 300 mg/l broth, but four extra residues (Glu(-4)-Ala(-3)-Glu(-2)-Ala(-1)-) were added at the N-terminus of the expressed protein (EAEA-lysozyme).	Alanine	115-118	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	32-40
10702244-7	2000	To assess the function of this phosphorylation event, exogenous wild type and mutant Cx45.6 (Ser(363) --&gt; Ala) were expressed in lens primary cultures by retroviral infection.	Alanine	109-112	gap junction protein gamma 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
10733581-5	2000	Indeed, ERK directly phosphorylates TTF-1 at three serine residues, and concomitant mutation of these serines to alanines completely abolishes ERK-mediated phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	113-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	8-11
10733581-5	2000	Indeed, ERK directly phosphorylates TTF-1 at three serine residues, and concomitant mutation of these serines to alanines completely abolishes ERK-mediated phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	113-121	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
10733880-9	2000	In the present report, we have produced, using a bacterial expression system, the purified murine Tcl1 protein and a mutant form of murine Tcl1 protein containing a cysteine to alanine mutation at amino acid position 85.	Alanine	177-184	T cell lymphoma breakpoint 1	Mus musculus	139-143
10734068-8	2000	Constructs of arrestin 2 that can bind to other GPCRs in a phosphorylation-independent manner were unable to interact with a mutant M(2) mAChR in which the Ser/Thr residues at 307-311 were mutated to alanines.	Alanine	200-208	arrestin beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-24
10749988-2	2000	Transgenic mice over- expressing a mutated form of human SOD1 containing a Gly--&gt;Ala substitution at position 93 (SOD1(G93A)) develop a severe, progressive motoneuron disease.	Alanine	84-87	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
10749988-2	2000	Transgenic mice over- expressing a mutated form of human SOD1 containing a Gly--&gt;Ala substitution at position 93 (SOD1(G93A)) develop a severe, progressive motoneuron disease.	Alanine	84-87	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
10669738-4	2000	We mutagenized several charged residues in the alpha5-alpha6 domain of Bax, changing them to alanine.	Alanine	93-100	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	71-74
15016242-3	2000	A key determinant of GLP-1 and GLP-2 bioactivity is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which inactivates both peptides by cleavage at the position-2 alanine.	Alanine	150-157	glucagon	Homo sapiens	31-36
10692489-2	2000	Alanine mutation, in the human ORL1 receptor, of transmembrane amino acid residues that are conserved in opioid receptors, Asp(130) and Tyr(131) in transmembrane segment (TM) III, Phe(220) and Phe(224) in TM V, and Trp(276) in TM VI, yields mutant receptors with reduced affinity, and proportionally decreased reactivity, toward nociceptin.	Alanine	0-7	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	329-339
10702794-8	2000	Tyrosine phosphorylated ERK2, but not ERK1, p38, or JNK1, efficiently bound to catalytically inactive HePTP mutants in which the active site cysteine (HePTP-C/S) or the conserved aspartic acid residue (HePTP-D/A) had been exchanged for serine and alanine, respectively.	Alanine	247-254	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
10677229-4	2000	To this end, a yeast actin mutant, Cys-1, was constructed by the insertion of a cysteine residue at actin"s N-terminus and replacement of the C-terminal cysteine with alanine.	Alanine	167-174	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-26
10684643-0	2000	The single mutation Phe173 --&gt; Ala induces a molten globule-like state in murine interleukin-6.	Alanine	34-37	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	84-97
10671496-4	2000	We have analyzed the contribution of these motifs to function by alanine scanning mutagenesis of the human interleukin-1 receptor type I.	Alanine	65-72	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	107-136
10652306-3	2000	Here we describe alanine scanning mutagenesis of the ActRII extracellular domain.	Alanine	17-24	activin A receptor type 2A	Homo sapiens	53-59
10677483-9	2000	Alignment of cleavage site sequences of peptides indicates that the specificity of memapsin 2 resides mainly at the S(1)" subsite, which prefers small side chains such as Ala, Ser, and Asp.	Alanine	171-174	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	83-93
10660518-4	2000	Alanine mutants revealed that K301A, V315A, Y320A, L468A, and E471A were required for binding of both CBP and SRC-1 and for cell-based transcription.	Alanine	0-7	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	102-105
10652302-5	2000	Cells stably co-expressing TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutations in both PS1 and PS2 show further accumulation of the APP-derived gamma-secretase substrates, C83 and C99.	Alanine	41-44	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	71-74
10652302-8	2000	Therefore, the co-expression of PS1 and PS2 TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutants suppresses the formation of any detectable PS1 or PS2 heterodimeric fragments and essentially abolishes the production of Abeta.	Alanine	58-61	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
10660538-4	2000	Contrary to bax, another known pro-apoptotic p53-target gene, both mouse and human FAS p53REs are still activated by the discriminatory p53 mutants Pro-175 and Ala-143, a class of mutants unable to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	160-163	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	87-90
10660538-4	2000	Contrary to bax, another known pro-apoptotic p53-target gene, both mouse and human FAS p53REs are still activated by the discriminatory p53 mutants Pro-175 and Ala-143, a class of mutants unable to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	160-163	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	87-90
10710288-3	2000	To identify critical residues within members of the NPY family required for Y-receptor subtype-selectivity we have determined the contribution of each residue within NPY to receptor binding by replacing them with L-alanine.	Alanine	213-222	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
10652302-8	2000	Therefore, the co-expression of PS1 and PS2 TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutants suppresses the formation of any detectable PS1 or PS2 heterodimeric fragments and essentially abolishes the production of Abeta.	Alanine	58-61	presenilin 2	Homo sapiens	120-123
10652306-4	2000	We identify a cluster of three hydrophobic residues (Phe(42), Trp(60), and Phe(83)) that, when individually mutated to alanine in the context of the full-length receptor, cause the disruption of activin and inhibin binding to ActRII.	Alanine	119-126	activin A receptor type 2A	Homo sapiens	226-232
10652302-8	2000	Therefore, the co-expression of PS1 and PS2 TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutants suppresses the formation of any detectable PS1 or PS2 heterodimeric fragments and essentially abolishes the production of Abeta.	Alanine	58-61	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	192-197
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	activin A receptor type 2A	Homo sapiens	32-38
10648402-2	2000	The vWf-binding site on GP Ib-IX-V is within the N-terminal 282 residues of GP Ibalpha, which consist of an N-terminal flanking sequence (His-1-Ile-35), 7 leucine-rich repeats (Leu-36-Ala-200), a C-terminal flank (Phe-201-Gly-268), and a sulfated tyrosine sequence (Asp-269-Glu-282).	Alanine	184-187	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
10676645-12	2000	In lung cancer patients, but not in controls, changes in PME and PDE levels during alanine infusion were inversely correlated with their respective baseline levels (r = -0.82 and -0.86, respectively; P &lt; 0.001).	Alanine	83-90	cystatin B	Homo sapiens	57-60
10676645-15	2000	Weight-stable lung cancer patients show accelerated increases in PME and PDE levels during L-alanine infusion, suggesting enhanced induction of the gluconeogenic pathway.	Alanine	91-100	cystatin B	Homo sapiens	65-68
10710882-7	2000	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta gene of both affected girls revealed the same missense mutation, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine which results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT) at codon 317.	Alanine	212-219	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	16-45
10657849-3	2000	Indeed, the viability of the beta-cells was not significantly different between cells cultured in 10% (v/v) IDDM sera, normal human sera, or fetal calf serum after 24, 48 and 72 h. Alanine-stimulated insulin secretion from cells cultured for 24 h in (10% v/v) IDDM patient sera was reduced to 48% of that secreted from cells cultured in (10% v/v) normal human sera.	Alanine	181-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	200-207
10629055-8	2000	Using deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis as well as peptide competition assays, we demonstrate that the PTB domains of the FRS2 proteins specifically recognize two different primary structures in two different receptors in a phosphorylation-dependent or -independent manner.	Alanine	19-26	fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
10617621-4	2000	In contrast to wild-type Bcl-x(L), a mutant Bcl-x(L) with the two threonines substituted by alanines (Ala-47, Ala-115) is a more potent inhibitor of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	92-100	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
11150736-1	2000	Thrombin is an allosteric enzyme that interacts with multiple procoagulant substrates such as specific clotting factors and cell surface thrombin receptors, as well as the anticoagulant substrate protein C. Functional mapping of thrombin"s interactions with its various substrates has been carried out using a collection of thrombin mutants generated by systematic alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	365-372	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
11150736-1	2000	Thrombin is an allosteric enzyme that interacts with multiple procoagulant substrates such as specific clotting factors and cell surface thrombin receptors, as well as the anticoagulant substrate protein C. Functional mapping of thrombin"s interactions with its various substrates has been carried out using a collection of thrombin mutants generated by systematic alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	365-372	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	229-237
11150736-1	2000	Thrombin is an allosteric enzyme that interacts with multiple procoagulant substrates such as specific clotting factors and cell surface thrombin receptors, as well as the anticoagulant substrate protein C. Functional mapping of thrombin"s interactions with its various substrates has been carried out using a collection of thrombin mutants generated by systematic alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	365-372	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	229-237
10636920-1	2000	The role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways in the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced morphological differentiation of PC12-E2 cells was assessed using wild type and dominant negative mutants of Stat1 and Stat3, containing Tyr --&gt; Phe (YF), Ser --&gt; Ala (SA), and the double mutations (DM), respectively.	Alanine	292-295	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	94-107
10636920-1	2000	The role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways in the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced morphological differentiation of PC12-E2 cells was assessed using wild type and dominant negative mutants of Stat1 and Stat3, containing Tyr --&gt; Phe (YF), Ser --&gt; Ala (SA), and the double mutations (DM), respectively.	Alanine	292-295	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	109-113
10716195-0	2000	Solution NMR evidence for a cis Tyr-Ala peptide group in the structure of [Pro93Ala] bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A.	Alanine	36-39	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	103-117
10716195-6	2000	While a glycine residue at position 93 accommodates a type-II bend (with a positive value of phi93), RNase A molecules with either proline or alanine residues at this position appear to require a cis peptide group with a type-VI beta-bend for proper folding.	Alanine	142-149	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	101-108
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	35-45
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	218-228
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	218-228
11330058-1	2000	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) of rat liver is a unique enzyme of dual subcellular localization, and exists in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.	Alanine	16-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
11193851-0	2000	Alanine scanning of VIP.	Alanine	0-7	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	20-23
11213488-8	2000	Most importantly, the levels of basal kinase activity and dimerization of Ret-TPC-1-C376A, in which cysteine 376 in the tyrosine kinase domain of Ret-TPC-1 was replaced with alanine, were low and were not increased by UV irradiation.	Alanine	174-181	two pore segment channel 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
10607390-4	2000	In cell systems expressing NMDARs with mutant NR2A subunits in which this single cysteine was replaced by an alanine, the effect of endogenous NO was lost.	Alanine	109-116	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	46-50
10601864-9	2000	Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr233 appeared to be required for Pto-Pti1 physical interaction, as a mutation of this site to alanine, but not to aspartate, abolished the interaction between Pto and Pti1 in the yeast two-hybrid system.	Alanine	125-132	pto-interacting protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	68-72
10601864-9	2000	Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr233 appeared to be required for Pto-Pti1 physical interaction, as a mutation of this site to alanine, but not to aspartate, abolished the interaction between Pto and Pti1 in the yeast two-hybrid system.	Alanine	125-132	pto-interacting protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	198-202
10632727-3	2000	The contribution of each disulfide bond to the conformational stability and catalytic activity of RNase A has been determined by using variants in which each cystine is replaced independently with a pair of alanine residues.	Alanine	207-214	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	98-105
11156700-1	2000	Primary hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1) is caused by a functional deficiency of a liver enzyme, serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT), which catalyzes transamination between L-serine or l-alanine as an amino acid substrate and glyoxylate or pyruvate as an alpha-keto acid substrate.	Alanine	107-114	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	148-151
11156700-1	2000	Primary hyperoxaluria Type 1 (PH1) is caused by a functional deficiency of a liver enzyme, serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT), which catalyzes transamination between L-serine or l-alanine as an amino acid substrate and glyoxylate or pyruvate as an alpha-keto acid substrate.	Alanine	205-214	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	148-151
12058195-2	2000	When B8Gly was substituted with Ala by means of site-directed mutagenesis, a mutant insulin, [B8Ala]human insulin was obtained.	Alanine	32-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
11200979-6	2000	A subgroup of patients with familial orthostatic intolerance differ from inbound space travelers in that they have an alanine-to-to-proline mutation at amino acid position 457 in their norepinephrine transporter gene.	Alanine	118-125	solute carrier family 6 member 2	Homo sapiens	185-211
12058195-2	2000	When B8Gly was substituted with Ala by means of site-directed mutagenesis, a mutant insulin, [B8Ala]human insulin was obtained.	Alanine	32-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
12058176-4	2000	The cDNAs of L1, L2 and L1-(Ala)(10)-L2(designed ten-alanine-connected L1 and L2)were cloned, respectively, into an expression plasmid pET-3a, and E.coli BL21(DE3)transformants with such plasmids were successfully induced to express the goal proteins.	Alanine	28-31	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	71-80
12058176-4	2000	The cDNAs of L1, L2 and L1-(Ala)(10)-L2(designed ten-alanine-connected L1 and L2)were cloned, respectively, into an expression plasmid pET-3a, and E.coli BL21(DE3)transformants with such plasmids were successfully induced to express the goal proteins.	Alanine	53-60	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	71-80
10608868-3	1999	Guided by these results we have now performed an alanine scanning analysis of this region in uPAR by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequently measured the effects thereof on the kinetics of uPA binding in real-time by surface plasmon resonance.	Alanine	49-56	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	93-96
10608868-4	1999	Only four positions in loop 3 of uPAR domain I exhibited significant changes in the contribution to the free energy of uPA binding (DeltaDeltaG &gt;/= 1.3 kcal mol(-1)) upon single-site substitutions to alanine (i.e. Arg(53), Leu(55), Tyr(57), and Leu(66)).	Alanine	203-210	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	33-36
10643891-3	1999	It has been suggested that prolylendopeptidase (PEP), an oligopeptidase that normally cleaves after proline residues, could also cleave after the alanine at position 42 of Abeta to generate Abeta42.	Alanine	146-153	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	172-177
10581204-5	1999	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified one region of p38 that was required for its ability to phosphorylate MAPKAPK-2 and -3, but that did not significantly affect its binding to these substrates.	Alanine	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	54-57
10572165-5	1999	Alanine-cluster mutations of a WAQKW motif within this segment abolish guanylyltransferase-binding in vitro and Cet1p function in vivo, but do not affect the triphosphatase activity of Cet1p.	Alanine	0-7	polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	112-117
10602488-4	1999	FKHR mutants with alanine substitutions at three Akt phosphorylation consensus sites (T24, S256 and S319) were inhibited by Akt, but mutation of all three sites rendered FKHR resistant to suppression.	Alanine	18-25	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10585460-5	1999	Replacement of the aspartate with alanine, asparagine, glutamate, or glutamine in N(t)-FDH resulted in complete loss of hydrolase activity.	Alanine	34-41	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1	Homo sapiens	82-90
10574939-8	1999	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified several charged and aromatic residues (Asp-2, Tyr-3, Tyr-10, Asp-11, and Glu-18) that played an important role in both chemokine and Env high affinity binding.	Alanine	0-7	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
10602488-4	1999	FKHR mutants with alanine substitutions at three Akt phosphorylation consensus sites (T24, S256 and S319) were inhibited by Akt, but mutation of all three sites rendered FKHR resistant to suppression.	Alanine	18-25	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10602488-4	1999	FKHR mutants with alanine substitutions at three Akt phosphorylation consensus sites (T24, S256 and S319) were inhibited by Akt, but mutation of all three sites rendered FKHR resistant to suppression.	Alanine	18-25	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
10581413-1	1999	Alanine 714 of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit resides in the glycine binding pocket.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
10590268-5	1999	Interestingly, the Ala-modified peptide, when co-immunized with a peptide encompassing residues 323-329 from ovalbumin (OVA), which is able to induce a T(h)1 response in BALB/c mice, restored the capacity of the modified peptide to induce CTL.	Alanine	19-22	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	109-118
10547286-8	1999	Substitution of the identified phosphoresidues by alanine was found to reduce considerably the ability of CK2 to phosphorylate NAP1.	Alanine	50-57	Nucleosome assembly protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	127-131
10622742-4	1999	Treatment of several aspartic acid to alanine mutants of PKCmu with caspase-3 resulted in an unexpected finding.	Alanine	38-45	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	68-77
10567572-3	1999	Changing these sites to alanine conferred more antiapoptotic activity on BCL-2 following physiologic death signals as well as paclitaxel, indicating that phosphorylation is inactivating.	Alanine	24-31	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	73-78
10551865-6	1999	Mutation of the four Ser and Thr ERK consensus phosphorylation sites to Ala residues inhibited the ability of the receptor to redistribute to intracellular tubules in a p42(mapk/erk2)-dependent fashion; whereas mutation of the phosphorylation sites to Asp and Glu residues mimicked the effect of receptor phosphorylation.	Alanine	72-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	33-36
10551865-6	1999	Mutation of the four Ser and Thr ERK consensus phosphorylation sites to Ala residues inhibited the ability of the receptor to redistribute to intracellular tubules in a p42(mapk/erk2)-dependent fashion; whereas mutation of the phosphorylation sites to Asp and Glu residues mimicked the effect of receptor phosphorylation.	Alanine	72-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	178-182
10542213-5	1999	Deamidase and transglutaminase activities were blocked in the mutant proteins Cys(1292) --&gt; Ala, His(1307) --&gt; Ala, and Lys(1310) --&gt; Ala of DeltaDNT.	Alanine	95-98	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-9
10543983-7	1999	Also alanine substitutions on the putative metal binding sites of the CD11c I-domain such as Asp(242) and Tyr(209) reduced its ability to bind fibrinogen.	Alanine	5-12	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	143-153
10542213-5	1999	Deamidase and transglutaminase activities were blocked in the mutant proteins Cys(1292) --&gt; Ala, His(1307) --&gt; Ala, and Lys(1310) --&gt; Ala of DeltaDNT.	Alanine	117-120	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-9
10542213-5	1999	Deamidase and transglutaminase activities were blocked in the mutant proteins Cys(1292) --&gt; Ala, His(1307) --&gt; Ala, and Lys(1310) --&gt; Ala of DeltaDNT.	Alanine	117-120	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	0-9
10542224-5	1999	Alanine mutations at these four sites augmented the ability of the COOH-terminal peptide [Glu(22), Trp(23)]PTHrP-(15-36) to inhibit the cAMP response induced by PTH-(1-34).	Alanine	0-7	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Bos taurus	107-112
10537079-10	1999	However, addition of 0.1 mM unlabeled alanine, serine, cysteine, threonine, glutamine, or leucine to the extracellular solution resulted in a rapid release of glutamine from the ASCT2-expressing oocytes.	Alanine	38-45	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
10566637-5	1999	In one allele, an undescribed G to C transversion in codon 217, which occurred at the last base of exon 5 and thus altered the splice donor site sequence, apparently resulted in a substitution of Arg to Thr (AGG to ACG: R217T), and in the other allele, a C to T transition in codon 218 caused a substitution of Ala to Val (GCG to GTG: A218V), which has been previously shown to abolish StAR activity.	Alanine	311-314	glucagon	Homo sapiens	323-326
10506157-2	1999	Ala- and Val-scanning mutagenesis determined that hydrophobic amino acids at three homologous positions are required for binding of RIalpha to FSC1/AKAP82 domain B and RIIalpha to AKAP Ht31.	Alanine	0-3	A-kinase anchoring protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
10506129-1	1999	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cet1p is the prototype of a family of metal-dependent RNA 5"-triphosphatases/NTPases encoded by fungi and DNA viruses; the family is defined by conserved sequence motifs A, B, and C. We tested the effects of 12 alanine substitutions and 16 conservative modifications at 18 positions of the motifs.	Alanine	236-243	polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-30
10506129-9	1999	Alanine in lieu of Phe-310 inactivated Cet1p, whereas Tyr or Leu restored function.	Alanine	0-7	polynucleotide 5'-phosphatase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-44
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	162-170
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	175-183
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	175-183
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	175-183
10506157-2	1999	Ala- and Val-scanning mutagenesis determined that hydrophobic amino acids at three homologous positions are required for binding of RIalpha to FSC1/AKAP82 domain B and RIIalpha to AKAP Ht31.	Alanine	0-3	A-kinase anchoring protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
10493924-6	1999	For this purpose, a synthetic peptide derived from the intracellular domain of phospholemman with the phosphorylatable serine residues replaced with alanine residues was prepared.	Alanine	149-156	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	79-92
10484387-7	1999	Short-circuit current responses to mucosal addition of D-glucose and L-alanine and net transepithelial absorption of 3-O-methylglucose were increased by IGF-I.	Alanine	69-78	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	153-158
10525356-6	1999	However, the unusual amino acid substitutions found in insulin from P. annectens (e.g., GlyB21 --&gt; Ala, GluB22 --&gt; Asp, and ArgB23 --&gt; Asn) are not present in N. forsteri insulin, suggesting that they occurred in the Protopterus lineage after divergence of the genera.	Alanine	102-105	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
10504221-10	1999	As expected, MARCKS-Ala binds more weakly to membranes composed of PS/PC (1:9) than does the native MARCKS peptide; however, each phenylalanine contributes only 0.2 kcal/mol to the binding energy difference, far less than the 1.3 kcal/mol expected for the binding of phenylalanine to the membrane interface.	Alanine	20-23	surfactant protein C	Homo sapiens	67-72
10486054-6	1999	On the other hand, when Glu-248, Ala-262, Thr-274, Leu-285, Gly-313, Ala-322, or Val-335 of CvaA protein was mutated, the secretion of ColV was greatly reduced in certain mutants.	Alanine	33-36	CvaA	Escherichia coli	92-96
10504730-4	1999	A variant of alpha-LA, in which all eight cysteines have been mutated to alanine (all-Ala alpha-LA), has been studied using NMR spectroscopy.	Alanine	73-80	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	13-21
10504730-4	1999	A variant of alpha-LA, in which all eight cysteines have been mutated to alanine (all-Ala alpha-LA), has been studied using NMR spectroscopy.	Alanine	73-80	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	90-98
10449650-8	1999	Two previously unreported amino acid replacements were detected in a third individual: amino acid 193 of cytochrome b was changed from alanine to threonine, and amino acid 88 of COIII was changed from threonine to alanine.	Alanine	214-221	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III	Homo sapiens	178-183
10484366-4	1999	We tested also whether apoB-100-VLDL alanine enrichment could solve the problem of dilution of gluconeogenic precursor enrichments between peripheral blood and liver (prehepatic dilution).	Alanine	37-44	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	23-31
10484366-8	1999	Use of the enrichment of apoB-100-VLDL alanine to correct for prehepatic dilution led to high estimates of gluconeogenesis; it remains uncertain whether this enrichment provides a correct estimate of liver pyruvate enrichment.	Alanine	39-46	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	25-33
10484981-7	1999	In the analyses of tumor tissues from the propositus and his daughter, a P16INK4A codon 94 missense point mutation (GCG-->GAG; Ala-->Glu) was observed with the hereditary TP53 mutation.	Alanine	127-130	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	73-81
10484981-7	1999	In the analyses of tumor tissues from the propositus and his daughter, a P16INK4A codon 94 missense point mutation (GCG-->GAG; Ala-->Glu) was observed with the hereditary TP53 mutation.	Alanine	127-130	glucagon	Homo sapiens	116-119
10484981-7	1999	In the analyses of tumor tissues from the propositus and his daughter, a P16INK4A codon 94 missense point mutation (GCG-->GAG; Ala-->Glu) was observed with the hereditary TP53 mutation.	Alanine	127-130	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	171-175
10462552-3	1999	Removal of amino acids 1 to 86 of ACVI or mutation of Ser(10) (a potential PKC phosphorylation site) into alanine significantly relieved the PKC-mediated inhibition and markedly reduced the PKC-evoked protein phosphorylation.	Alanine	106-113	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	75-78
10465285-17	1999	Subsequent N-terminal sequencing showed that the thrombin cleavage occurred between amino acid residues 53 (Lys) and 54 (Ala), resulting in the formation of a C-terminal, not an N-terminal, 16K fragment.	Alanine	121-124	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	49-57
10454575-6	1999	In contrast, PDE3B mutants in which alanine was substituted for either serine-296 or serine-421, each of which lies within a sequence (RRXS) preferentially phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, were phosphorylated by Akt in vitro or in response to insulin in intact cells.	Alanine	36-43	phosphodiesterase 3B, cGMP-inhibited	Mus musculus	13-18
10462552-3	1999	Removal of amino acids 1 to 86 of ACVI or mutation of Ser(10) (a potential PKC phosphorylation site) into alanine significantly relieved the PKC-mediated inhibition and markedly reduced the PKC-evoked protein phosphorylation.	Alanine	106-113	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-144
10473631-8	1999	The functional relevance of Tyr-10 phosphorylation was assessed by 1) the abolition of insulin-induced stimulation of the ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb uptake in opossum kidney cells expressing mutant rat alpha1-subunits wherein tyrosine was replaced by alanine or glutamine; and 2) the similarity of the time course and dose dependency of the insulin-induced increase in ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb uptake and tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	249-256	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
10462552-3	1999	Removal of amino acids 1 to 86 of ACVI or mutation of Ser(10) (a potential PKC phosphorylation site) into alanine significantly relieved the PKC-mediated inhibition and markedly reduced the PKC-evoked protein phosphorylation.	Alanine	106-113	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-144
10446376-8	1999	Replacement of tyrosine-337 in AChE with alanine (resembling the choline binding site of BChE) resulted in 630 times faster inhibition by bambuterol.	Alanine	41-48	butyrylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	89-93
10446124-6	1999	While full-length Bid does not associate with t(n)-Bid, substitution of Leu(35), a critical residue in mediating t(n)-Bid/t(c)-Bid interaction, with Ala in full-length Bid is sufficient to establish Bid/t(n)-Bid interaction.	Alanine	149-152	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	18-21
10446179-4	1999	Substitution of several residues in the TSP1 peptide with Ala residues abolished or diminished the inhibitory activity of the peptide in solution, but only substitution of Arg-198 completely inactivated the adhesive activity of the immobilized peptide.	Alanine	58-61	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
10438490-7	1999	The screening of L-alanine-modified CCK peptides to bind and activate the wild type and mutant receptors allowed the identification of the interaction of the C-terminal Asp(8) of CCK with His(207).	Alanine	17-26	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	36-39
10436051-7	1999	Ubiquitous expression of amontillado can restore near wild-type levels of this behavior, whereas expression of amontillado with an alanine substitution for the catalytic histidine cannot.	Alanine	131-138	amontillado	Drosophila melanogaster	111-122
10438490-7	1999	The screening of L-alanine-modified CCK peptides to bind and activate the wild type and mutant receptors allowed the identification of the interaction of the C-terminal Asp(8) of CCK with His(207).	Alanine	17-26	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	179-182
10441133-7	1999	ACE-JGL was cleaved at an Ala/Thr bond, 14 residues from the membrane.	Alanine	26-29	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Cricetulus griseus	0-3
10415025-10	1999	A small deletion (aa 1-46) in the N-terminal portion of LC-PTP or Arg to Ala substitutions at aa 41 and 42 resulted in the loss of ERK binding activity.	Alanine	73-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
10433686-6	1999	Mutation of each of these serines to alanine resulted in a FAAH enzyme bearing significant catalytic defects, with the S217A and S218A mutants showing 2300- and 95-fold reductions in k(cat), respectively, and the S241A mutant exhibiting no detectable catalytic activity.	Alanine	37-44	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	59-63
10443701-7	1999	The expression studies demonstrated that the Ala(- 1)Thr mutant cells produced 8-fold less AVP than wild-type cells and accumulated excessive amounts of 23-kDa NPII protein corresponding to uncleaved prepro-AVP-NPII.	Alanine	45-48	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	207-215
10413505-8	1999	By contrast, alanine substitutions in the "middle" serine cluster between Ser(391) and Ser(406) yielded a receptor with considerably slower shutoff of signaling after thrombin activation than the wild type.	Alanine	13-20	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	167-175
10425451-2	1999	These analogues were based on a previously described variant (oGH1) in which an 8-residue extension replaces the N-terminal alanine of pituitary-derived ovine GH.	Alanine	124-131	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	63-65
10419536-7	1999	An OP(3) receptor mutant with a Lys(273) --&gt; Ala substitution (K273A-OP(3)), an amino acid predicted to play a critical role in CaM binding based on motif structure, was found to be unaffected by changes in CaM levels but coupled more efficiently to G proteins than the wild-type receptor.	Alanine	48-51	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
10409689-4	1999	Although a constitutively active mutant of Akt (protein kinase B) inhibited PEPCK-CAT gene transcription induced by dexamethasone and cAMP, a mutant Akt (Akt-AA) in which the phosphorylation sites targeted by insulin are replaced by alanine did not affect the ability of insulin to inhibit transcription of the fusion gene.	Alanine	233-240	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
10400692-2	1999	A mutant Akt (Akt-AA) in which the phosphorylation sites targeted by growth factors are replaced by alanine was shown to inhibit insulin-induced activation of both Akt and glycogen synthase in L6 myotubes.	Alanine	100-107	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	129-136
10413511-4	1999	Alanine substitution at GRP-R position 98 or 309 reduced agonist binding affinity by 24- and 56-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type GRP-R.	Alanine	0-7	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	24-29
10413511-4	1999	Alanine substitution at GRP-R position 98 or 309 reduced agonist binding affinity by 24- and 56-fold, respectively, compared to wild-type GRP-R.	Alanine	0-7	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	138-143
10413511-7	1999	In situ reconstitution of urea-extracted membranes expressing either wild-type or mutant (D98A or R309A) GRP-R with G(q) indicated that alanine substitution greatly reduced G protein catalytic exchange compared to wild-type GRP-R.	Alanine	136-143	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	105-110
10413511-7	1999	In situ reconstitution of urea-extracted membranes expressing either wild-type or mutant (D98A or R309A) GRP-R with G(q) indicated that alanine substitution greatly reduced G protein catalytic exchange compared to wild-type GRP-R.	Alanine	136-143	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	224-229
10393969-7	1999	To define the role of cyclin D3 in productive infection, the ICP0 binding site for cyclin D3 was mapped and mutagenized by substitution of aspartic acid codon 199 with the alanine codon.	Alanine	172-179	cyclin D3	Homo sapiens	83-92
10388660-7	1999	A chimeric virus in which the nef gene of NL4.3 was substituted with the nef allele containing the deletion of two alanines at position 49-50 found in two progressors showed a defective replicative capacity compared to NL4.3 virus.	Alanine	115-123	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	73-76
10414872-12	1999	However, when increased concentrations of human leucocyte elastase were incubated with the acidic PRP, a more extensive digestion occurred, leaving a residual peptide with an amino-terminal beginning with alanine residue no.	Alanine	205-212	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	98-101
10383403-7	1999	Mutation of the alanine residue (Ala-120) to glutamate in the pseudo-substrate region of PKC lambda results in a constitutively active kinase that exhibited more than 2-fold greater binding to FRS2 in vitro than its "closed" wild-type counterpart.	Alanine	16-23	fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	193-197
10448966-1	1999	An insulin A chain analogue, [A13-14 GABA, A21 Ala]A chain, for which the dipeptide Leu-Try at A13-A14 was substituted by a non-coded amino acid, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and A21 Asn by Ala, was prepared by stepwise Fmoc solid-phase manual synthesis and then combined with the natural B chain of porcine insulin to yield an insulin analogue, [A13-14 GABA, A21Ala] porcine insulin (GABA substituted insulin).	Alanine	47-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
10381519-2	1999	Previously reported EBNA-1 C-terminal region amino acid sequence variants, based on the amino acid at codon 487, include Prototype (P)-ala, which is found in the B95.8-derived prototype virus, P-thr, Variant (V)-leu, V-val, and V-pro.	Alanine	135-138	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	193-215
10362843-12	1999	The mutant V2R bearing all serine/threonine substitutions by alanine at the amino terminus yielded a receptor functionally indistinguishable from the wild type protein, whose mobility in polyacrylamide gels was no longer affected by sialidase treatment.	Alanine	61-68	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
10377240-2	1999	Here we provide data demonstrating that an alanine residue at positions 874 (for the PFK1-encoded alpha-subunit) or 868 (for the PFK2-encoded beta-subunit) is crucial to achieve this structure.	Alanine	43-50	6-phosphofructokinase subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	85-89
10465405-3	1999	This study confirmed the structure-based working hypothesis: The hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of amino acid residues 190 and 213 in the neighbourhood of Asp 189 in the S-1 pocket of thrombin (Ala/Val), trypsin (Ser/Val) and plasmin (Ser/Thr) define the specificity for the interaction with different P-1 residues of the inhibitors.	Alanine	197-200	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	187-195
10448966-1	1999	An insulin A chain analogue, [A13-14 GABA, A21 Ala]A chain, for which the dipeptide Leu-Try at A13-A14 was substituted by a non-coded amino acid, gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and A21 Asn by Ala, was prepared by stepwise Fmoc solid-phase manual synthesis and then combined with the natural B chain of porcine insulin to yield an insulin analogue, [A13-14 GABA, A21Ala] porcine insulin (GABA substituted insulin).	Alanine	193-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
10501546-6	1999	Molecular modeling indicated that the hydrophobic interaction between the side chains of alanine-23 of alpha(t1) and leucine-55 of the beta1 subunit could be disrupted by the introduction of a hydroxyl group.	Alanine	89-96	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
10373514-5	1999	Coexpression of PKR with a repressor form of IkappaBalpha (Ser-32, 36-Ala) also leads to the inhibition of apoptosis by abolishing NF-kappaB induction, while translation remains blocked.	Alanine	70-73	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-57
10373514-5	1999	Coexpression of PKR with a repressor form of IkappaBalpha (Ser-32, 36-Ala) also leads to the inhibition of apoptosis by abolishing NF-kappaB induction, while translation remains blocked.	Alanine	70-73	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	131-140
10405182-1	1999	Results obtained with PHAS-I proteins having Ser to Ala mutations in the five known phosphorylation sites indicate that mTOR preferentially phosphorylates Thr36 and Thr45.	Alanine	52-55	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	120-124
10400184-3	1999	Further sequence analysis demonstrated that the mutated band was a point mutation of G to A in exon 2 codon 140 (GCG--&gt;ACG) causing an amino acid substitution of alanine to threonine demonstrating this patient either carried an mutated gene in one allele as a polymorphism (heterozygous carrier of a mutant p16 gene) or carried a mutant p16 gene clone.	Alanine	165-172	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	310-313
10400184-3	1999	Further sequence analysis demonstrated that the mutated band was a point mutation of G to A in exon 2 codon 140 (GCG--&gt;ACG) causing an amino acid substitution of alanine to threonine demonstrating this patient either carried an mutated gene in one allele as a polymorphism (heterozygous carrier of a mutant p16 gene) or carried a mutant p16 gene clone.	Alanine	165-172	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	340-343
10387054-1	1999	Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a class II enzyme whose major function is to provide Lys-tRNALys for protein synthesis, also catalyzes aminoacylation of tRNALys with arginine, threonine, methionine, leucine, alanine, serine, and cysteine.	Alanine	207-214	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
10387054-1	1999	Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a class II enzyme whose major function is to provide Lys-tRNALys for protein synthesis, also catalyzes aminoacylation of tRNALys with arginine, threonine, methionine, leucine, alanine, serine, and cysteine.	Alanine	207-214	lysyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
10359598-2	1999	Recently, we identified six phosphorylation sites within the kinase homology domain of NPR-A and determined that the conversion of these residues to alanine abolished the ability of the receptor to be phosphorylated or to be activated by ANP and ATP.	Alanine	149-156	natriuretic peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
10369780-7	1999	Alanine substitutions at two other positions, L269 and V310, significantly destabilize the p50 dimer interface.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
10359825-9	1999	By contrast, the mutant ALG6 cDNA of CDGS patients failed to revert the hypoglycosylation observed in alg6 yeasts, thereby proving a functional relationship between the alanine to valine substitution introduced by the C-->T transition and the CDGS phenotype.	Alanine	169-176	ALG6 alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	24-28
10369780-4	1999	Using the X-ray crystal structure of the p50 homodimer as a guide, we have created site-directed alanine mutations at ten dimer-forming residues in p50 and measured their effects on p50 homodimerization.	Alanine	97-104	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
10369780-4	1999	Using the X-ray crystal structure of the p50 homodimer as a guide, we have created site-directed alanine mutations at ten dimer-forming residues in p50 and measured their effects on p50 homodimerization.	Alanine	97-104	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
10369780-4	1999	Using the X-ray crystal structure of the p50 homodimer as a guide, we have created site-directed alanine mutations at ten dimer-forming residues in p50 and measured their effects on p50 homodimerization.	Alanine	97-104	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
10369780-5	1999	Characterization of these alanine mutants by a series of chemical crosslinking, size-exclusion chromatography, and sedimentation equilibrium experiments shows that the most critical residue in stabilizing the p50 dimer interface is Y267.	Alanine	26-33	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	209-212
10358014-8	1999	Importantly, mutation of these three sites to alanine residues enhances the transcriptional activity of FKHR and renders it resistant to inhibition by Akt.	Alanine	46-53	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	104-108
10358014-8	1999	Importantly, mutation of these three sites to alanine residues enhances the transcriptional activity of FKHR and renders it resistant to inhibition by Akt.	Alanine	46-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
10330141-10	1999	PKBalpha with alanine substitutions T308A and S473A (AA-PKB) or K179A (A-PKB) alone was a less potent inhibitor of insulin-dependent activation of wild-type HA-PKB or GLUT4myc translocation than was AAA-PKB.	Alanine	14-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
10330141-10	1999	PKBalpha with alanine substitutions T308A and S473A (AA-PKB) or K179A (A-PKB) alone was a less potent inhibitor of insulin-dependent activation of wild-type HA-PKB or GLUT4myc translocation than was AAA-PKB.	Alanine	14-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
10329715-5	1999	Alanine substitution mutations in the casein kinase II target phosphorylation sites dramatically reduce the heterochromatin binding activity of HP1, whereas glutamate substitution mutations, which mimic the charge contributions of phosphorylated serine, have apparently wild-type binding activity.	Alanine	0-7	Suppressor of variegation 205	Drosophila melanogaster	144-147
10336493-6	1999	Functional analysis of the E2F1 core domain demonstrated that replacement of phenylalanine residues 413, 425, and 429 with alanine reduces both transcriptional activation of the dhfr promoter and protein-protein interactions with CBP, transcription factor (TF) IIH, and TATA-binding protein (TBP).	Alanine	83-90	TATA box binding protein	Mus musculus	270-290
10336493-6	1999	Functional analysis of the E2F1 core domain demonstrated that replacement of phenylalanine residues 413, 425, and 429 with alanine reduces both transcriptional activation of the dhfr promoter and protein-protein interactions with CBP, transcription factor (TF) IIH, and TATA-binding protein (TBP).	Alanine	83-90	TATA box binding protein	Mus musculus	292-295
10329681-6	1999	Cys-to-Ala mutant species of the enzymes that cannot bind ubiquitin inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced degradation of the inhibitor in vivo.	Alanine	7-10	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-103
10074147-5	1999	EBV mutants lacking almost all of internal repeat 3, which encode a repetitive glycine and alanine domain of EBNA-1, were generated in the same way and found to immortalize B cells normally.	Alanine	91-98	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	109-115
10350456-0	1999	Total alanine-scanning mutagenesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) identifies differential binding epitopes for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.	Alanine	6-13	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	38-66
10350456-0	1999	Total alanine-scanning mutagenesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) identifies differential binding epitopes for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.	Alanine	6-13	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
10350456-5	1999	Surprisingly, most IGF-I residues could be substituted by alanines, resulting in less than 5-fold affinity losses for IGFBP-3.	Alanine	58-66	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
10331397-12	1999	The insulin stimulatory effects on inward alanine transport and glucose uptake were three times greater during the postexercise recovery than at rest (P&lt;0.05).	Alanine	42-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
10331397-14	1999	In conclusion, the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake and alanine transport and to suppress protein degradation in skeletal muscle is increased after resistance exercise.	Alanine	70-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
10350456-6	1999	In contrast, binding of IGFBP-1 was more sensitive to alanine substitutions in IGF-I.	Alanine	54-61	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
10229653-10	1999	Molecular defects of PC in humans have recently been associated with four point mutations within the structural region of the PC gene, namely Val145--&gt;Ala, Arg451--&gt;Cys, Ala610--&gt;Thr and Met743--&gt;Thr.	Alanine	154-157	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	21-23
10229653-10	1999	Molecular defects of PC in humans have recently been associated with four point mutations within the structural region of the PC gene, namely Val145--&gt;Ala, Arg451--&gt;Cys, Ala610--&gt;Thr and Met743--&gt;Thr.	Alanine	154-157	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	126-128
10207090-7	1999	Structural analysis reveals that a short sequence containing a few Gly residues and a single essential Ala is sufficient to generate p50.	Alanine	103-106	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
10213616-6	1999	A series of alanine mutants within the three cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin were expressed in HEK-293 cells, reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal, prephosphorylated with rhodopsin kinase, and examined for their ability to bind in vitro-translated, 35S-labeled arrestin.	Alanine	12-19	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	66-75
10200284-5	1999	Bcd contains three putative activation domains: a glutamine-rich region, which interacts in vitro with TAFII110; an alanine-rich domain, which targets TAFII60; and a C-terminal acidic region, which has an unknown role.	Alanine	116-123	bicoid	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
10199788-6	1999	The amino acid sequence of human Prop-1 cDNA that we cloned was identical to that of the previously reported sequence, except Thr substituted at codon 142 instead of Ala.	Alanine	166-169	PROP paired-like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	33-39
10077621-4	1999	For example, a 230-fold mutator effect is observed in an MSH2/msh2 diploid strain in which Gly693, which is invariant in MutS homologs and involved in ATP hydrolysis, is changed to alanine.	Alanine	181-188	mismatch repair ATPase MSH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
10323343-2	1999	Exon 2 cloning and sequencing revealed the new HLA-DRB1*0431 allele which differs from DRB1*0408 by two nucleotide changes at codon 74 leading to an Ala/Leu substitution.	Alanine	149-152	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
10087234-9	1999	Alanine scanning mutants mapped sites on the MV HA that were not required for trafficking to the cell surface or function in hemagglutination as well as a novel site required for CD46 interaction, amino acids 473-477.	Alanine	0-7	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	179-183
10077621-8	1999	The mutator effects of the deletion mutant and the Gly --&gt; Ala missense mutant in yeast MSH2 are enhanced by heterozygosity for a missense mutation in DNA polymerase delta that reduces its proofreading activity but is not a mutator in the heterozygous state.	Alanine	62-65	mismatch repair ATPase MSH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	91-95
10077621-4	1999	For example, a 230-fold mutator effect is observed in an MSH2/msh2 diploid strain in which Gly693, which is invariant in MutS homologs and involved in ATP hydrolysis, is changed to alanine.	Alanine	181-188	mismatch repair ATPase MSH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-66
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10066434-6	1999	Replacement of the two Ser residues at positions 32 and 36 corresponding to IKK phosphorylation sites by Ala resulted in almost complete prevention of binding of an IkappaBalpha-E3 to IkappaBalpha.	Alanine	105-108	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	165-177
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10066434-6	1999	Replacement of the two Ser residues at positions 32 and 36 corresponding to IKK phosphorylation sites by Ala resulted in almost complete prevention of binding of an IkappaBalpha-E3 to IkappaBalpha.	Alanine	105-108	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	184-196
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10074360-4	1999	Receptor-binding was reduced by 2 orders of magnitude for Leu(B27)RLF (3%), Ala(B27)RLF (2.1%), and des(B27-31)RLF (0.4%), whereas slightly better binding was observed for His(B27)RLF (7.5%), Phe(B27)RLF (21%), D-Trp(B27) (26%), and the oxindole(B27)RLF (41%).	Alanine	76-79	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	119-127
10095772-7	1999	Mutation of one of these residues (T524) to alanine diminished the ability of B-Myb to promote transcription of a reporter gene, suggesting that phosphorylation of B-Myb at this site is important for the regulation of its activity by cyclin A/Cdk2.	Alanine	44-51	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	234-242
10068525-7	1999	In other experiments, Caco-2 cells were transfected with a mutant IkappaBalpha in which serines 32 and 36 were substituted by alanine.	Alanine	126-133	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-78
10203026-3	1999	DRB1*0106 is identical to DRB1*0101 except for two codons, 71 (AGG--&gt;GCG) and 86 (GGT--&gt;GTG), changing the encoded arginine to alanine and glycine to valine.	Alanine	133-140	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10203026-3	1999	DRB1*0106 is identical to DRB1*0101 except for two codons, 71 (AGG--&gt;GCG) and 86 (GGT--&gt;GTG), changing the encoded arginine to alanine and glycine to valine.	Alanine	133-140	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
10203026-3	1999	DRB1*0106 is identical to DRB1*0101 except for two codons, 71 (AGG--&gt;GCG) and 86 (GGT--&gt;GTG), changing the encoded arginine to alanine and glycine to valine.	Alanine	133-140	glucagon	Homo sapiens	72-75
10037709-3	1999	Protection from inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II requires ligation of both exosites 1 and 2 because minimal protection is seen when exosite 1 variants (gamma-thrombin and thrombin Quick 1) or an exosite 2 variant (Arg93 --&gt; Ala, Arg97 --&gt; Ala, and Arg101 --&gt; Ala thrombin) is substituted for thrombin.	Alanine	245-248	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	34-42
10037709-3	1999	Protection from inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II requires ligation of both exosites 1 and 2 because minimal protection is seen when exosite 1 variants (gamma-thrombin and thrombin Quick 1) or an exosite 2 variant (Arg93 --&gt; Ala, Arg97 --&gt; Ala, and Arg101 --&gt; Ala thrombin) is substituted for thrombin.	Alanine	263-266	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	34-42
9933611-5	1999	GF14 binding to NR fragments was dependent on Ser-534, since Asp or Ala substitutions at this site blocked the interaction.	Alanine	68-71	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-18
10029083-5	1999	We screened the amino acid sequence of the MCSP molecule for a region of homology to the consensus sequence and found that the amino acid sequence Val-His-Ile-Asn-Ala-His spanning positions 289 and 294 has high homology.	Alanine	163-166	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
9933611-6	1999	Revertants with second site substitutions restoring interaction between GF14omega and the Ala- or Asp-substituted NR fragments were identified.	Alanine	90-93	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	114-116
9927610-1	1999	The highly conserved aspartate residue in the second transmembrane domain of G protein-coupled receptors is present in position 113 in the type 1 neurotensin receptor (NTR1) but is replaced by an Ala residue in position 79 in the type 2 neurotensin receptor (NTR2).	Alanine	196-199	neurotensin	Homo sapiens	146-157
10196734-8	1999	The Asp residue that coordinates the adenosyl ribose hydroxyls in NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenases (including NAD(+)-SDH), was replaced by an Ala in the whitefly NADPH-KR.	Alanine	141-144	L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase	Ovis aries	116-119
9973399-7	1999	Alanine substitution of just 2 residues, either Q114/F182 or F182/F201, which are partially buried and located close to the D2/D3 interface, completely abrogated CD4 function.	Alanine	0-7	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	162-165
10229304-3	1999	The frequency of alleles encoding threonine (Thr54) and alanine (Ala54) at codon 54 of FABP2 in Type 2 DM patients was compared with that of healthy controls.	Alanine	56-63	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
9882751-7	1999	Uptake of proline, glycine and glutamine via system ASC was identified by inhibition with alanine or serine.	Alanine	90-97	apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD	Bos taurus	52-55
10071197-1	1999	A previous report in this journal has suggested that germline deletions in the proline-alanine-rich (PAPA-repeat) region of P57 (KIP2) are associated with increased risk of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer.	Alanine	87-94	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C	Homo sapiens	124-127
9920725-2	1999	Specific changes by mutagenesis of a strictly conserved threonine (H) into lysine (K), proline (P) or alanine (A) at position 343 of the human VPAC1 receptor resulted in its constitutive activation with respect to cAMP production.	Alanine	102-109	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	143-157
10192935-12	1999	Of the three mutations in the beta-chain fragment, one (an Ala--&gt;Val replacement in the A helix segment of the incomplete repeat) had a relatively small effect on the association with the alpha-chain fragment, whereas Trp--&gt;Arg mutations in the A and in the remote B helix segments were much more deleterious.	Alanine	59-62	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	191-202
9931508-8	1999	These Drosophila ribosomal protein L22 and L23a have additional Ala-, Lys- and Pro-rich sequences at the amino terminus, which have a resemblance to the carboxy-terminal portion of histone H1.	Alanine	64-67	Ribosomal protein L22	Drosophila melanogaster	17-38
9931508-8	1999	These Drosophila ribosomal protein L22 and L23a have additional Ala-, Lys- and Pro-rich sequences at the amino terminus, which have a resemblance to the carboxy-terminal portion of histone H1.	Alanine	64-67	Ribosomal protein L23A	Drosophila melanogaster	43-47
9918859-3	1999	Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPARgamma gene yielded a missense C --&gt; G mutation at codon 12, resulting in the substitution of proline with alanine (Pro12Ala).	Alanine	172-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-68
10071197-1	1999	A previous report in this journal has suggested that germline deletions in the proline-alanine-rich (PAPA-repeat) region of P57 (KIP2) are associated with increased risk of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer.	Alanine	87-94	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C	Homo sapiens	129-133
9860837-6	1998	We found that the NCX1 mutant with these serine residues substituted with alanine still maintained a normal response to PMA.	Alanine	74-81	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	18-22
9860946-5	1998	The Ala and Asn mutants had the same low actin-activated ATPase activity as unphosphorylated wild-type myosin IC.	Alanine	4-7	myosin IC	Homo sapiens	103-112
9852116-10	1998	Experiments with 8 mutated recombinant angiotensinogen, in which one or more of the four cysteines were replaced by alanine, demonstrated that Cys232 is involved in complex formation and could interact with the M235T variant.	Alanine	116-123	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	39-54
9860855-1	1998	Gly101, one of the conserved amino acid residues which was expected to be comprised in half-sphere-shaped S2 site small pocket of aqualysin I, a microbial thermophilic alkaline serine protease, was replaced by alanine, valine, or leucine to alterate the P2 specificity of the enzyme by excluding bulky P2 side chain of the substrate.	Alanine	210-217	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	177-192
9886302-4	1998	The patient with type I was homozygous for a C-to-T substitution in codon 178 causing replacement of Ala (GCG) with Val (GTG).	Alanine	101-104	glucagon	Homo sapiens	106-109
9872404-0	1998	Random coil conformation of a Gly/Ala-rich insert in IkappaB alpha excludes structural stabilization as the mechanism for protection against proteasomal degradation.	Alanine	34-37	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-66
9872404-2	1998	The structure of a Gly/Ala-rich insert in IkappaB alpha was probed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, comparing IkappaB alpha samples with and without Gly/Ala-rich insert.	Alanine	23-26	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	42-55
9872404-2	1998	The structure of a Gly/Ala-rich insert in IkappaB alpha was probed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, comparing IkappaB alpha samples with and without Gly/Ala-rich insert.	Alanine	170-173	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	42-55
9819385-9	1998	Furthermore, overexpression of an Akt mutant in which the phosphorylation sites targeted by growth factors are replaced by alanine resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt but not of PKClambda.	Alanine	123-130	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	187-190
9819385-9	1998	Furthermore, overexpression of an Akt mutant in which the phosphorylation sites targeted by growth factors are replaced by alanine resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt but not of PKClambda.	Alanine	123-130	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	34-37
9819385-9	1998	Furthermore, overexpression of an Akt mutant in which the phosphorylation sites targeted by growth factors are replaced by alanine resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt but not of PKClambda.	Alanine	123-130	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	157-164
9851800-0	1998	The Ala/Val98 polymorphism of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene contributes to the interindividual variation in serum C-peptide response during an oral glucose tolerance test: evidence from studies of 231 glucose-tolerant first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic probands.	Alanine	4-7	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	34-66
9851800-8	1998	In conclusion, among Danish glucose-tolerant first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients the Ala/Val98 polymorphism of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene is associated with a decreased serum C-peptide secretion during an OGTT.	Alanine	100-103	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	130-162
9832047-6	1998	Direct sequencing of the TIGR/myocilin gene showed a heterozygous A to C transition in codon 380, resulting in the substitution of alanine for aspartic acid (Asp380Ala).	Alanine	131-138	myocilin	Homo sapiens	25-29
9849959-7	1998	When serine residues at positions 483, 485, 486, 489, 495, and 498 were simultaneously replaced by alanine residues, the PTH receptor was no longer phosphorylated either basally or in response to PTH.	Alanine	99-106	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	121-124
9849959-9	1998	Overexpression of GRK2, but not GRK3, enhanced PTH-stimulated receptor phosphorylation, and this phosphorylation was abolished by alanine mutagenesis of residues 483, 485, 486, 489, 495, and 498.	Alanine	130-137	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
9809977-7	1998	The PSM" protein, therefore, began with residue 60 of PSMA (alanine).	Alanine	60-67	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
9809977-7	1998	The PSM" protein, therefore, began with residue 60 of PSMA (alanine).	Alanine	60-67	folate hydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
9842991-2	1998	We detected associations between PON2 variation in codon 148 (Ala --&gt; Gly) and variation in fasting plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B.	Alanine	62-65	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	184-206
9832504-4	1998	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the hCycT1 TRM identified residues that are critical for the interaction with Tat and others that are required specifically for binding of the complex to TAR RNA.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin T1	Homo sapiens	36-42
9832504-4	1998	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the hCycT1 TRM identified residues that are critical for the interaction with Tat and others that are required specifically for binding of the complex to TAR RNA.	Alanine	0-7	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	186-189
9814482-3	1998	These two additional C18 conversions can be catalyzed by CYP11B1 if serine-288 and valine-320 are replaced by the corresponding CYP11B2 residues, glycine and alanine.	Alanine	158-165	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	21-24
9832047-6	1998	Direct sequencing of the TIGR/myocilin gene showed a heterozygous A to C transition in codon 380, resulting in the substitution of alanine for aspartic acid (Asp380Ala).	Alanine	131-138	myocilin	Homo sapiens	30-38
9789032-5	1998	Even the "super repressor" IkappaBalpha mutant, which contains alanines at positions 32 and 36, was still susceptible to UV-C-induced degradation.	Alanine	63-71	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	27-39
9818881-2	1998	The BCAA meal tripled plasma BCAA levels, increased BCAA catabolism as indicated by greater exercise increases in plasma glutamine and alanine, but lowered mean peak free fatty acid levels and reduced exercise capacity in five of six patients.	Alanine	135-142	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	4-8
9756514-0	1998	Neural mediation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibitory effect on jejunal alanine absorption.	Alanine	83-90	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	20-53
9760250-1	1998	To characterize the roles played by Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 in the formation of the electrostatic complex between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5, the Glu44, Glu56, or both sites were changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	203-210	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	123-135
9750142-2	1998	Tsp-mediated cleavage of the Ala-Arg peptide bond separates the quencher, DABCYL, from the donor, EDANS, and results in a large increase in the fluorescent yield of EDANS (&gt;50-fold).	Alanine	29-32	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member E2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9756514-10	1998	Moreover, incubation of intestinal strips with tetrodotoxin and atropine reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) the inhibitory effect of VIP on alanine absorption.	Alanine	141-148	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
9756514-1	1998	It was recently shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inhibits rat jejunal alanine absorption, an effect that was significantly reduced by vagotomy.	Alanine	88-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	27-60
9756514-11	1998	These data suggest that VIP exerts its inhibitory effect on alanine absorption through the CSPA fibers and the myenteric plexus.	Alanine	60-67	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
9756514-1	1998	It was recently shown that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) inhibits rat jejunal alanine absorption, an effect that was significantly reduced by vagotomy.	Alanine	88-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
9756514-2	1998	This study assesses the role of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA) and the myenteric plexus in the inhibition of rat jejunal alanine absorption by VIP.	Alanine	135-142	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
9756514-6	1998	In in vitro experiments, VIP decreased alanine uptake by jejunal strips isolated from sham control rats in a dose-dependent manner.	Alanine	39-46	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
9756514-7	1998	In the presence of 40 nM VIP, alanine uptake by full-thickness jejunal strips was reduced by 54% in sham control rats and by 25% in rats neonatally treated with capsaicin (P &lt; 0.001).	Alanine	30-37	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
9756514-8	1998	On the other hand, VIP reduced alanine uptake by mucosal scrapings by 25% in sham rats compared with 9% reduction in neonatally treated rats.	Alanine	31-38	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
9799097-4	1998	The IL-4 epitope involved in gamma(c) ectodomain interaction (site 2) was identified by means of an alanine-scanning mutational approach.	Alanine	100-107	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
9801796-4	1998	The N-terminal melittin-like region of Nef was involved in toxicity since a Trp5--&gt;Ala change within Nef change caused increased toxicity.	Alanine	86-89	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	39-42
9801796-4	1998	The N-terminal melittin-like region of Nef was involved in toxicity since a Trp5--&gt;Ala change within Nef change caused increased toxicity.	Alanine	86-89	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 5	Homo sapiens	76-80
9801796-4	1998	The N-terminal melittin-like region of Nef was involved in toxicity since a Trp5--&gt;Ala change within Nef change caused increased toxicity.	Alanine	86-89	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	104-107
9763535-15	1998	Recombinant PON mutants in which the PON free sulfhydryl group was replaced by either alanine or serine were no longer able to protect against LDL oxidation, even though they retained paraoxonase and arylesterase activities.	Alanine	86-93	paraoxonase 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
9799097-6	1998	The IL-4 alanine variants at site 2 generally showed only moderate defects in biological activity.	Alanine	9-16	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
9737952-7	1998	This alanine-substituted skeletal DHPR retained the ability to mediate skeletal-type EC coupling.	Alanine	5-12	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Homo sapiens	34-38
9820607-1	1998	We describe a new DRB1*11 allele which is similar to DRB1*11011 except at codon 74, where a GCG is changed for a GTG leading to an alanine/valine substitution.	Alanine	131-138	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
9820607-1	1998	We describe a new DRB1*11 allele which is similar to DRB1*11011 except at codon 74, where a GCG is changed for a GTG leading to an alanine/valine substitution.	Alanine	131-138	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
9737992-2	1998	Glycation of bovine serum albumin by methylglyoxal generated the protein-bound free radical, probably the cation radical of the cross-linked Schiff base, as observed in the reaction of methylglyoxal with L-alanine (Yim, H.-S., Kang, S.-O., Hah, Y. C., Chock, P. B., and Yim, M. B.	Alanine	204-213	albumin	Homo sapiens	20-33
9742125-10	1998	Particularly instructive was the BAX mutant mIII-1 (L63A, G67A, L70A, and M74A), which replaced the hydrophobic face of BH3 with alanines, preserving its amphipathic nature.	Alanine	129-137	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	33-36
9707562-5	1998	IRF-3-mediated activation of IFN genes depends in part on carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation of a cluster of Ser/Thr residues, because a mutant with Ser/Thr to Ala substitutions activates the IFN promoter less efficiently.	Alanine	159-162	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
9802388-1	1998	A structure-activity study utilising 36 synthetic Ala-analogues of the 36-residue oligopeptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been performed with mucosal preparations from the rat jejunum (Y2-like receptor) and compared with receptor displacement binding in the human neuroblastoma cell lines, SMS-KAN, (Y2-receptors) and SK-N-MC cells (Y1-receptors).	Alanine	50-53	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	95-109
9802388-1	1998	A structure-activity study utilising 36 synthetic Ala-analogues of the 36-residue oligopeptide neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been performed with mucosal preparations from the rat jejunum (Y2-like receptor) and compared with receptor displacement binding in the human neuroblastoma cell lines, SMS-KAN, (Y2-receptors) and SK-N-MC cells (Y1-receptors).	Alanine	50-53	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
9802388-5	1998	The activity of each Ala-NPY analogue was assessed in mucosal preparations of rat jejunum, where NPY and PYY exert antisecretory responses which are Y2-like in pharmacology.	Alanine	21-24	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
9802388-5	1998	The activity of each Ala-NPY analogue was assessed in mucosal preparations of rat jejunum, where NPY and PYY exert antisecretory responses which are Y2-like in pharmacology.	Alanine	21-24	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
9733769-4	1998	All IGF-I arginine residues were replaced by alanines, using site-directed mutagenesis, in four single substituted variants, IGF-I(R21A), IGF-I(R50A), IGF-I(R55A), and IGF-I(R56A), and one double replacement mutant, IGF-I(R36A/R37A).	Alanine	45-53	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9733769-4	1998	All IGF-I arginine residues were replaced by alanines, using site-directed mutagenesis, in four single substituted variants, IGF-I(R21A), IGF-I(R50A), IGF-I(R55A), and IGF-I(R56A), and one double replacement mutant, IGF-I(R36A/R37A).	Alanine	45-53	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9733769-4	1998	All IGF-I arginine residues were replaced by alanines, using site-directed mutagenesis, in four single substituted variants, IGF-I(R21A), IGF-I(R50A), IGF-I(R55A), and IGF-I(R56A), and one double replacement mutant, IGF-I(R36A/R37A).	Alanine	45-53	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9733769-4	1998	All IGF-I arginine residues were replaced by alanines, using site-directed mutagenesis, in four single substituted variants, IGF-I(R21A), IGF-I(R50A), IGF-I(R55A), and IGF-I(R56A), and one double replacement mutant, IGF-I(R36A/R37A).	Alanine	45-53	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9733769-4	1998	All IGF-I arginine residues were replaced by alanines, using site-directed mutagenesis, in four single substituted variants, IGF-I(R21A), IGF-I(R50A), IGF-I(R55A), and IGF-I(R56A), and one double replacement mutant, IGF-I(R36A/R37A).	Alanine	45-53	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9696850-6	1998	In addition to changes in the protease gene, sequence analysis of passaged virus revealed mutations in the p1/p6 (P1" residue Leu to Phe) and p7/p1 (P2 residue Ala to Val) gag proteolytic processing sites.	Alanine	160-163	solute carrier family 10 member 7	Homo sapiens	142-147
9708987-6	1998	The structure of a cross-linked derivative of B28 Asp insulin, containing an Ala-Lys dipeptide linker between residues B30 Ala and A1 Gly, has also determined.	Alanine	77-80	MIS18 kinetochore protein A	Homo sapiens	46-49
9708987-6	1998	The structure of a cross-linked derivative of B28 Asp insulin, containing an Ala-Lys dipeptide linker between residues B30 Ala and A1 Gly, has also determined.	Alanine	77-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
9707562-5	1998	IRF-3-mediated activation of IFN genes depends in part on carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation of a cluster of Ser/Thr residues, because a mutant with Ser/Thr to Ala substitutions activates the IFN promoter less efficiently.	Alanine	159-162	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	191-194
9707171-4	1998	These included three of five sequence discontinuous residues known to be involved in CD4 binding, one or two of which were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	140-147	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	85-88
9733949-1	1998	To identify the roles of the two nucleotide-binding folds (NBFs) in the function of human P-glycoprotein, a multidrug transporter, we mutated the key lysine residues to methionines and the cysteine residues to alanines in the Walker A (WA) motifs (the core consensus sequence) in the NBFs.	Alanine	210-218	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	90-104
9789578-7	1998	Adrenaline induced a twofold and vasopressin a 34% increase in the concentration of alanine (P &lt; 0.001), whereas isoprenaline, adenosine and alpha-agonists had no significant effect.	Alanine	84-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	33-44
9698365-2	1998	The binding site on the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) for the glycosaminoglycan heparin has been characterized using a systematic series of site-directed mutants of IL-8 in which the basic residues of the protein have been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	236-243	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	34-47
9698365-2	1998	The binding site on the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) for the glycosaminoglycan heparin has been characterized using a systematic series of site-directed mutants of IL-8 in which the basic residues of the protein have been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	236-243	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	49-53
9756403-1	1998	DRB1*1506, a new allele of DR2, differs from DRB1*1501 only at codon 50 in the second exon, where the nucleotide sequence has changed from GTG to GCG resulting in an amino acid substitution from valine to alanine in DRB1*1506.	Alanine	205-212	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9745855-0	1998	Central diabetes insipidus associated with a missense mutation in the arginine vasopressin gene that replaces Ala at the carboxyterminus of the signal peptide with Thr.	Alanine	110-113	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	79-90
9745855-5	1998	Sequencing of the vasopressin gene showed a heterozygous point mutation that replaced Ala at the carboxyterminus of the signal peptide with Thr.	Alanine	86-89	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	18-29
9701247-2	1998	We report here that insertion of a minimal glycine-alanine repeat motif in different positions of I kappaB alpha protects this NF-kappaB inhibitor from signal-induced degradation dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome, and decreases its basal turnover in vivo resulting in constitutive dominant-negative mutants.	Alanine	51-58	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	98-112
9701247-4	1998	This explains how functionally competent I kappaB alpha is protected from proteasomal disruption and identifies the glycine-alanine repeat as a new regulator of proteolysis.	Alanine	124-131	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-55
9756403-1	1998	DRB1*1506, a new allele of DR2, differs from DRB1*1501 only at codon 50 in the second exon, where the nucleotide sequence has changed from GTG to GCG resulting in an amino acid substitution from valine to alanine in DRB1*1506.	Alanine	205-212	glucagon	Homo sapiens	146-149
9660797-3	1998	We have now prepared and analyzed four new rLHR mutants in which each of these serines were individually mutated to alanines.	Alanine	116-124	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
9677398-0	1998	Alanine screening mutagenesis establishes tyrosine 60 of bovine insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 as a determinant of insulin-like growth factor binding.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like growth factor binding protein 2	Bos taurus	64-108
9661882-1	1998	In a search for mutations of the type I transforming growth factor beta receptor (TbetaR-I), we mapped the gene to 9q22 and found a common polymorphism [TbetaR-I(6A)] and a rare variant [TbetaR-I(10A)] of TbetaR-I, causing an in-frame deletion of three alanines and an in-frame insertion of one alanine, respectively, in the receptor"s extracellular domain.	Alanine	253-260	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-71
9657753-6	1998	Insertion of an alanine residue at the N-terminus of the mature vWF subunit destroyed binding to factor VIII, indicating that the native mature N-terminus is required for factor VIII binding.	Alanine	16-23	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
9653039-4	1998	In order to understand the mechanism for formation of the native-like tertiary topology, we substituted alanine for each of the 23 buried residues in the alpha-helical domain of alpha-LA and determined the effect of these substitutions on the Ceff for formation of the 28-111 disulfide bond.	Alanine	104-111	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	178-186
9690565-2	1998	Previously reported EBNA-1 C-terminal region amino acid sequence variations include five subtypes based on the amino acid at codon 487: Prototype (P)-ala, which is found in the B95.8-derived prototype virus; P-thr; Variant (V)-pro; V-leu; and V-val.	Alanine	150-153	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	20-26
9633809-1	1998	Transgenic mice that highly over-express a mutated human CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene [gly93-->ala; TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H line] found in some patients with familial ALS (FALS) have been shown to develop motor neuron disease that is characterized by motor neuron loss in the lumbar and cervical spinal regions and a progressive loss of motor activity.	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	57-82
9633809-1	1998	Transgenic mice that highly over-express a mutated human CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene [gly93-->ala; TgN(SOD1-G93A)G1H line] found in some patients with familial ALS (FALS) have been shown to develop motor neuron disease that is characterized by motor neuron loss in the lumbar and cervical spinal regions and a progressive loss of motor activity.	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
9675066-11	1998	Identical apoB-100 peptides in which the cysteine residues were replaced by alanine ([Ala3734]apoB3732-3745 and [Ala4326]apoB4319-4332) had no effect in the gel-shift assay.	Alanine	76-83	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	10-18
9632804-6	1998	AD1 (for activation domain 1) comprises the first 19 amino acids of the molecule, which form the first domain unique to Osf2, AD2 is formed by the glutamine-alanine (QA) domain, the second domain unique to Osf2, and AD3 is located in the N-terminal half of the PST domain and also contains sequences unique to Osf2.	Alanine	157-164	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
9632804-6	1998	AD1 (for activation domain 1) comprises the first 19 amino acids of the molecule, which form the first domain unique to Osf2, AD2 is formed by the glutamine-alanine (QA) domain, the second domain unique to Osf2, and AD3 is located in the N-terminal half of the PST domain and also contains sequences unique to Osf2.	Alanine	157-164	NBPF member 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
9570782-3	1998	We addressed this question by using alanine-scanning mutagenesis to generate a series of mutations within the C2A domain of synaptotagmin 1.	Alanine	36-43	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-139
9690921-8	1998	Analysis of two previously reported polymorphisms also located in the amino-terminal domain of apo B (Thr71--&gt;Ile and Val591--&gt;Ala) revealed elevating effects on serum apo B concentrations in hypertriglyceridemic individuals.	Alanine	133-136	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	95-100
9690921-8	1998	Analysis of two previously reported polymorphisms also located in the amino-terminal domain of apo B (Thr71--&gt;Ile and Val591--&gt;Ala) revealed elevating effects on serum apo B concentrations in hypertriglyceridemic individuals.	Alanine	133-136	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	174-179
9690921-9	1998	The 591 Ala allele was associated with elevated apo B (P=0.011), and individuals with both minor alleles (apo B 591 Ala + and apo B 71 Ile +) had higher apo B levels compared to subjects homozygous for both common alleles (P=0.004).	Alanine	8-11	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	48-53
9635779-3	1998	Because of this orientation, the interaction between GroEL and two substrate proteins, citrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a destabilizing Gly--&gt;Ala mutation and RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli with two Cys--&gt;Ala mutations, could be studied by force spectroscopy under different conditions.	Alanine	164-167	GroEL	Escherichia coli	53-58
9635779-3	1998	Because of this orientation, the interaction between GroEL and two substrate proteins, citrate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a destabilizing Gly--&gt;Ala mutation and RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli with two Cys--&gt;Ala mutations, could be studied by force spectroscopy under different conditions.	Alanine	241-244	GroEL	Escherichia coli	53-58
9820058-0	1998	[Hemoglobin Sydney--alpha beta 2 67 (E11) Val-Ala and hemoglobin Olomouc alpha 2 beta 2 86 (F 2) Ala-Asp in Czech families.	Alanine	97-100	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	73-95
9585570-3	1998	Even the smallest replacement, by Ala, resulted in approximately 1000-, approximately 10- and approximately 6000-fold decreased affinities for papain, cathepsin L, and cathepsin B, respectively.	Alanine	34-37	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	151-162
9636163-0	1998	Structural basis of an embryonically lethal single Ala --&gt; Thr mutation in the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain.	Alanine	51-54	NK2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
9601080-5	1998	Fmoc-[I2]Tyr-Ala-CHN2 was able to penetrate cells and react with active enzymes within the cells.	Alanine	13-16	chimerin 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
9692213-2	1998	We found that CUA-1 with Cys-Pro-Cys to Cys-Pro-Ala mutation could not rescue the yeast delta ccc2 mutant, suggesting that the carboxyl terminal cysteine residue in the conserved Cys-Pro-Cys motif is essential for copper transport.	Alanine	48-51	Mac1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-19
9671146-4	1998	We describe the successful engineering, expression and pre-clinical characterisation of a phosphorylatable "kemptide" (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Gly) anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) scFv (PKS-scFv), for use as a radioimmunotherapeutic agent.	Alanine	131-134	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	185-189
9671146-4	1998	We describe the successful engineering, expression and pre-clinical characterisation of a phosphorylatable "kemptide" (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Gly) anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (anti-CEA) scFv (PKS-scFv), for use as a radioimmunotherapeutic agent.	Alanine	131-134	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	191-199
9575152-0	1998	Changing residue 338 in human factor IX from arginine to alanine causes an increase in catalytic activity.	Alanine	57-64	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	30-39
9637257-3	1998	The thermodynamic stability of the disulfide-containing scFv of 8.1 kcal/mol is decreased upon complete reduction of both disulfides to 2.7 kcal/mol, while that of the valine-alanine variant is somewhat higher (about 3.8 kcal/ mol).	Alanine	175-182	immunglobulin heavy chain variable region	Homo sapiens	56-60
9582268-1	1998	The contribution of almost each amino acid side chain to the thermodynamic stability of the tetramerization domain (residues 326-353) of human p53 has been quantitated using 25 mutants with single-residue truncations to alanine (or glycine).	Alanine	220-227	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	143-146
9620557-4	1998	Moreover, a HeLa clone stably transfected with a temperature sensitive (ts) 143 Ala p53 mutant exhibited temperature-dependent regulation of H19 expression.	Alanine	80-83	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	84-87
9570842-7	1998	N-terminal sequencing indicated translated Val instead of the predicted Ala at position 72 of MRP8.	Alanine	72-75	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
9694360-6	1998	DRB1*0426 is identical to DRB1*0401 except for a single nucleotide substitution (GCC--&gt;ACC) at codon 58, changing the encoded Ala to Thr.	Alanine	129-132	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9694360-6	1998	DRB1*0426 is identical to DRB1*0401 except for a single nucleotide substitution (GCC--&gt;ACC) at codon 58, changing the encoded Ala to Thr.	Alanine	129-132	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
9600090-4	1998	Additionally, the FGF-1 proteins from the various species have conserved cysteine residues at positions 30 and 97 and contain acetylated amino-terminal alanine residues.	Alanine	152-159	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
18726197-6	1998	In contrast, Ala-NKA and NKA responses were only blocked by L-659, 877.	Alanine	13-16	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
9566872-5	1998	Deletion of the second ankyrin repeat or alanine substitution of hydrophobic residues within the second ankyrin repeat disrupts nuclear localization of IkappaB alpha.	Alanine	41-48	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-165
9553114-5	1998	This first nonmammalian apoAIV characterized is the smallest homologue reported so far, because of the lack of repeated motifs at the carboxyl terminus with the consensus sequence Glu-Gln-Glu/Ala-Gln, a hallmark of mammalian apoAIVs.	Alanine	192-195	apolipoprotein A4	Homo sapiens	24-30
9545275-3	1998	In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to change each of these residues in the catalytic domain of neurofibromin (NF1-334) to alanine.	Alanine	137-144	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	110-123
9545275-3	1998	In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to change each of these residues in the catalytic domain of neurofibromin (NF1-334) to alanine.	Alanine	137-144	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
9582025-5	1998	Moreover, sequence analysis of human wildtype p85beta revealed an alanine for serine substitution at a site important for the regulation of the lipid kinase activity of PI 3-kinase in human p85alpha.	Alanine	66-73	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	190-198
9589253-5	1998	RESULTS: The allele frequency of an amino acid polymorphism (alanine--&gt;threonine) in codon 54 of exon 2 of the FABP2 gene was 0.26 in nondiabetic subjects with CHD and 0.27 in NIDDM subjects with CHD.	Alanine	61-68	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
9525644-7	1998	Substituting alanine for tryptophan57 decreased the efficiency of Nef processing, while mutating leucine58 had little effect.	Alanine	13-20	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	66-69
9528788-6	1998	Mutation of any one of these Ser or Thr residues to Ala caused reductions in the receptor phosphorylation state, the number and pattern of phosphopeptides observed in tryptic maps, and ANP-dependent guanylyl cyclase activity.	Alanine	52-55	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	185-188
9551089-16	1998	These results indicate that position 86 of the insulin receptor alpha subunit is tolerant to substitution by alanine, but not by proline.	Alanine	109-116	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	47-54
9516417-11	1998	The Cys-to-Ala substitution abolished recognition of B50 by MB19, a conformational antibody with an epitope at the N terminus of human apoB.	Alanine	11-14	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	135-139
9546797-2	1998	In contrast, we found that the high molecular weight apolipoprotein A-1 and a 23-residue analog of the FS, with the phenylalanine residues at positions 524 and 527 replaced with alanine residues, were effective inhibitors.	Alanine	122-129	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	53-71
9521688-1	1998	To obtain information about the functional importance of amino acids required for effective erythropoietin (EPO) mimetic action, the conserved residues of a peptide mimetic of EPO, recently discovered by phage display, were subjected to an alanine replacement strategy.	Alanine	240-247	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	176-179
9512716-12	1998	Mutation of each of Ser38, Ser39 or Lys40 in the BC loop to Ala reduces the affinity of C-SH2 for a cognate phosphopeptide, as does mutation of His93 (BG5) to Asn.	Alanine	60-63	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
9630436-3	1998	IA-4 cDNA is 1,007 bp in length and predicts a protein of 187 amino acids with a molecular mass of 19,940 D. Examination of the amino acid sequence showed a high content of arginine (18.7%), proline (14.4%), alanine (16.0%), leucine (13.4%) and glycine (9.6%).	Alanine	208-215	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor	Mus musculus	0-4
9513600-5	1998	The multiple-alanine-substituted peptides [MeTyr1,Ala15,22,Nle27]-hGHRH(1-29)-NH2 (29) and [MeTyr1,Ala8,9,15,22,28,Nle 27]-hGHRH(1-29)-NH2 (30) released growth hormone 26 and 11 times, respectively, more effectively than the standard in vitro.	Alanine	13-20	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	66-71
9445381-8	1998	A mutant C145A hAGT protein, which cannot repair O6-alkylguanine because the Cys-145 acceptor site in the active site of the protein is changed to Ala, showed identical trypsin cleavage to the wild type, but its digestion was not affected by O6-benzylguanine.	Alanine	147-150	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	15-19
9449725-4	1998	This novel CTL line was used to investigate whether the epitope (positions 509-517 in EBNA-1, presented through Kd) was presented to CTL by mouse cells expressing full-length EBNA-1 or a deletion mutant of EBNA-1, lacking the Glycine-Alanine (Gly-Ala)-rich region.	Alanine	234-241	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	86-92
9449725-4	1998	This novel CTL line was used to investigate whether the epitope (positions 509-517 in EBNA-1, presented through Kd) was presented to CTL by mouse cells expressing full-length EBNA-1 or a deletion mutant of EBNA-1, lacking the Glycine-Alanine (Gly-Ala)-rich region.	Alanine	234-237	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	86-92
9449725-6	1998	These results suggest that epitopes from full-length EBNA-1 are poorly presented, and that the Gly-Ala-rich region is responsible for this phenomenon.	Alanine	99-102	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	53-59
9465038-4	1998	Mutation of the cGK II N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2 --&gt; Ala) reduced cGK II membrane binding and severely impaired cGK II activation of CFTR.	Alanine	67-70	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	16-22
9465038-4	1998	Mutation of the cGK II N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2 --&gt; Ala) reduced cGK II membrane binding and severely impaired cGK II activation of CFTR.	Alanine	67-70	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	80-86
9465038-4	1998	Mutation of the cGK II N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2 --&gt; Ala) reduced cGK II membrane binding and severely impaired cGK II activation of CFTR.	Alanine	67-70	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	80-86
9465038-4	1998	Mutation of the cGK II N-terminal myristoylation site (Gly2 --&gt; Ala) reduced cGK II membrane binding and severely impaired cGK II activation of CFTR.	Alanine	67-70	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	147-151
9452434-4	1998	We analyzed the contribution of charged residues within the first three domains of Flt-1 to ligand binding by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	110-117	fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
9466939-1	1998	Escherichia coli RTEM beta-lactamase, in which both cysteine residues which form the single disulfide bond have been mutated to alanine residues, can form stable reversible complexes with GroEL under two different sets of conditions.	Alanine	128-135	GroEL	Escherichia coli	188-193
9533448-8	1998	Substitution of alanine for one of the two threonine residues (amino acid position 524 and 529), one of which is a potential phosphorylation site in the D1 subdomain, also abolished the NFkappaB activation.	Alanine	16-23	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	186-194
10990445-0	1998	Differential effects of fluoride and insulin-like growth factor I on sodium-dependent alanine and phosphate transport in a human osteoblast-like cell line.	Alanine	86-93	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-65
10990445-2	1998	Fluoride stimulated Na(d) alanine but not Pi uptake in a dose-dependent manner, whereas IGF-I stimulated both alanine and Na(d)Pi transport.	Alanine	110-117	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
9754041-9	1998	Non-bulky amino acids like glycine, alanine and serine with low specific rotation are present in greater number in the primitive form of calmodulin and have been significantly reduced in highly evolved form of calmodulin, suggesting that their requirement was insignificant and were eliminated from EF hand structure during evolution.	Alanine	36-43	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	137-147
9422760-8	1998	Alanine scanning of a peptide derived from the COOH-terminal proline-rich domain of PTP HSCF revealed that a subset of prolines, as well as other residues, was required for efficient binding to PST PIP, and introduction of alanines at some of these positions in the protein resulted in decreased binding to PST PIP in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	223-231	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 18	Homo sapiens	84-92
9574807-2	1998	Erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity was inhibited in all the three GaAs-exposed groups accompanied by elevated urinary excretion of ALA.	Alanine	51-54	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	12-49
9446793-3	1998	Here, in vitro binding assays with purified DRB1*0101 and glycine substituted analogues of H gamma 321-340 and alanine substituted analogues of TT948-967, universal CD4+ epitopes of the gamma subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and tetanus toxin, respectively, were able to compete for binding to an extent similar to that of the unsubstituted peptides.	Alanine	111-118	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	165-168
9422720-1	1998	Mutants of hexokinase I (Arg539 --&gt; Lys, Thr661 --&gt; Ala, Thr661 --&gt; Val, Gly534 --&gt; Ala, Gly679 --&gt; Ala, and Gly862 --&gt; Ala), located putatively in the vicinity of the ATP binding pocket, were constructed, purified to homogeneity, and studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and initial velocity kinetics.	Alanine	58-61	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-23
9422720-1	1998	Mutants of hexokinase I (Arg539 --&gt; Lys, Thr661 --&gt; Ala, Thr661 --&gt; Val, Gly534 --&gt; Ala, Gly679 --&gt; Ala, and Gly862 --&gt; Ala), located putatively in the vicinity of the ATP binding pocket, were constructed, purified to homogeneity, and studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and initial velocity kinetics.	Alanine	96-99	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-23
9422720-1	1998	Mutants of hexokinase I (Arg539 --&gt; Lys, Thr661 --&gt; Ala, Thr661 --&gt; Val, Gly534 --&gt; Ala, Gly679 --&gt; Ala, and Gly862 --&gt; Ala), located putatively in the vicinity of the ATP binding pocket, were constructed, purified to homogeneity, and studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and initial velocity kinetics.	Alanine	96-99	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-23
9422720-1	1998	Mutants of hexokinase I (Arg539 --&gt; Lys, Thr661 --&gt; Ala, Thr661 --&gt; Val, Gly534 --&gt; Ala, Gly679 --&gt; Ala, and Gly862 --&gt; Ala), located putatively in the vicinity of the ATP binding pocket, were constructed, purified to homogeneity, and studied by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and initial velocity kinetics.	Alanine	96-99	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-23
9422720-8	1998	Gly862 --&gt; Ala and Gly534 --&gt; Ala are the first instances of single residue mutations in hexokinase I that affect the binding affinity of ATP and abolish phosphate-induced relief of glucose 6-phosphate inhibition, respectively.	Alanine	14-17	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-107
9422720-8	1998	Gly862 --&gt; Ala and Gly534 --&gt; Ala are the first instances of single residue mutations in hexokinase I that affect the binding affinity of ATP and abolish phosphate-induced relief of glucose 6-phosphate inhibition, respectively.	Alanine	36-39	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-107
9422760-8	1998	Alanine scanning of a peptide derived from the COOH-terminal proline-rich domain of PTP HSCF revealed that a subset of prolines, as well as other residues, was required for efficient binding to PST PIP, and introduction of alanines at some of these positions in the protein resulted in decreased binding to PST PIP in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 18	Homo sapiens	84-92
9865467-0	1998	Ser752 mutation to Pro or Ala in the beta3 integrin subunit differentially affects the kinetics of cell spreading to von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen.	Alanine	26-29	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	117-138
9865467-0	1998	Ser752 mutation to Pro or Ala in the beta3 integrin subunit differentially affects the kinetics of cell spreading to von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen.	Alanine	26-29	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	143-153
9421404-1	1998	In the androgen receptor of a patient with androgen insensitivity, the alanine residue at position 564 in the first zinc cluster of the DNA-binding domain was substituted by aspartic acid.	Alanine	71-78	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	7-24
9418854-6	1998	We have examined whether the myogenic alanine and threonine in the MyoD basic region are required for interaction with MEF2.	Alanine	38-45	myogenic differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
12174270-0	1998	Preparation and Biological Activity of [B(1)Ala, B(2)Ala, B(3)Lys]-Insulin.	Alanine	44-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
12174270-0	1998	Preparation and Biological Activity of [B(1)Ala, B(2)Ala, B(3)Lys]-Insulin.	Alanine	53-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
12174270-2	1998	[B(1)Ala, B(2)Ala, B(3)Lys]-Insulin retains full in vivo activity and receptor binding activity as insulin, but its lipogenesis activity and immunoactivity are 70 % and 0.88 % of those of insulin respectively.	Alanine	5-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
12174270-2	1998	[B(1)Ala, B(2)Ala, B(3)Lys]-Insulin retains full in vivo activity and receptor binding activity as insulin, but its lipogenesis activity and immunoactivity are 70 % and 0.88 % of those of insulin respectively.	Alanine	14-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
9459504-6	1998	In contrast, analyses of the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism with respect to HLA-DRB1*04 revealed significantly more patients with Ala in the homozygous (19% versus 15% controls) or heterozygous state (54% versus 39% controls) and less homozygous for Thr (27% versus 46% controls), with a particular increase of Ala/Ala genotypes among rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*0401 subtype.	Alanine	125-128	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-79
9395483-2	1997	Alanine substitution mutations were created in a well conserved IGDE motif found within the BH3 domain of Bax (residues 66-69) and the resulting mutant Bax proteins were tested for ability to homodimerize with themselves and to heterodimerize with Bcl-2.	Alanine	0-7	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	106-109
9405486-6	1997	In an effort to evaluate the role of this enzyme-substrate intermediate in catalysis, we carried out site-directed mutagenesis (Lys to Arg and/or Ala) of the conserved lysine residues in human deoxyhypusine synthase.	Alanine	146-149	deoxyhypusine synthase	Homo sapiens	193-215
9406551-5	1997	The structure of the non-covalent complex of a partially-cleaved peptide of the prosegment (Ala 1p-Phe 26p) with mature gastricsin (Ser 1-Ala 329) suggests an activation pathway that may be common to all gastric aspartic proteinases.	Alanine	92-95	progastricsin	Homo sapiens	120-130
9393748-3	1997	Galectin-3 contains the NWGR amino acid sequence highly conserved in the BH1 domain of the bcl-2 gene family, and a substitution of glycine to alanine in this motif abrogated its antiapoptotic activity.	Alanine	143-150	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	91-96
9428725-1	1997	In rat liver, a single serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) gene is transcribed from two transcription initiation sites.	Alanine	39-46	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
9315662-4	1997	The sequence of CA150 contains an extensive glutamine- and alanine-rich repeat that is found in transcriptional modulators such as GAL11 and SSN6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zeste in Drosophila melanogaster.	Alanine	59-66	transcription elongation regulator 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
9459636-1	1997	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) gene of a Thai female with the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) revealed a missense mutation at codon 317, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine that results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT).	Alanine	277-284	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Homo sapiens	16-45
9459636-1	1997	Analysis of the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRbeta) gene of a Thai female with the syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) revealed a missense mutation at codon 317, changing the guanine in nucleotide 1234 to an adenine that results in the replacement of the normal alanine (GCT) with a threonine (ACT).	Alanine	277-284	T cell receptor beta locus	Homo sapiens	47-53
9395067-3	1997	In addition to this domain, Rvs167p contains a central glycine-proline-alanine rich domain and a SH3 domain.	Alanine	71-78	amphiphysin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-35
9348274-15	1997	GH and EGF combination therapy significantly increased alanine and arginine transport in distal small bowel after 70 % enterectomy but not in the proximal small bowel.	Alanine	55-62	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
9373179-6	1997	The extended structure of TRAIL-R3 is due to the presence of multiple threonine-, alanine-, proline- and glutamine-rich repeats (TAPE repeats).	Alanine	82-89	TNF receptor superfamily member 10c	Homo sapiens	26-34
9374876-0	1997	Alanine mutagenesis of surfactant protein A reveals that lipid binding and pH-dependent liposome aggregation are mediated by the carbohydrate recognition domain.	Alanine	0-7	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	23-43
9343420-6	1997	The replacement of three arginine residues by alanines in the M-Twist basic domain was sufficient to abolish both the binding and inhibition of MyoD by M-Twist, while the domain retained other M-Twist functions such as heterodimerization with an E protein and inhibition of MEF2 transactivation.	Alanine	46-54	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Mus musculus	274-278
9285683-3	1997	Mutation of proline 337 within this sequence to alanine significantly impairs the ability of PTP-PEST to recognise tyrosine phosphorylated p130cas as a substrate, without qualitatively affecting the selectivity of the interaction.	Alanine	48-55	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12	Homo sapiens	93-101
9268623-4	1997	Lungfish insulin also contains amino acid substitutions such as Gly --&gt; Ala at position B-21, Glu --&gt; Asp at position B-22, and a Lys --&gt; Ser residue at position B-30, previously found in insulins from amphibia.	Alanine	75-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
9294870-2	1997	Human Cu,Zn SODs with single-site replacements of Lys-136 by Arg,Ala, Gln, or Glu or with a triple-site substitution (Glu-132 and Glu-133 to Gln and Lys-136 to Ala) were made to test hypotheses regarding contributions of these residues to Cu,Zn SOD activity.	Alanine	65-68	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	6-15
9268311-4	1997	The primary effect of simultaneous replacement of the adjacent Asp-279 and Ile-280 residues in IDH1 with alanines is a dramatic loss of activation by AMP.	Alanine	105-113	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) IDH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	95-99
9315615-5	1997	Systematic deletion and Ala insertion of the sequence showed that the sequence of 6-14 residues were compatible for GPI modification.	Alanine	24-27	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Bos taurus	116-119
9211870-8	1997	A substitution mutation of TTF-1 (Thr9 two head right arrow Ala) abolished phosphorylation by PKA and reduced transactivation of the surfactant B gene promoter.	Alanine	60-63	NK2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
16887599-1	1997	Aminopeptidase activities of mixed faecal suspensions from four human donors and 12 of the most numerous species of human colonic bacteria were measured using alanine oligopeptides and various dipeptidyl- and amino acyl-arylamidase substrates.	Alanine	159-166	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
9464524-2	1997	The affinity constants of wild-type sFv and a mutant sFv D31A (Asp31 of heavy chain was replaced by Ala) for RNase A were found to be 2.7 x 10(7) and 4.7 x 10(6) M(-1) in PBS at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C, respectively.	Alanine	100-103	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	109-116
9228034-8	1997	cDNAs encoding alanine-substituted secreted recombinant IGF-1 receptors were expressed in 293 EBNA cells, and the ligand binding properties of the expressed proteins were evaluated.	Alanine	15-22	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
9228034-9	1997	Mutation of Phe701 resulted in a receptor with undetectable IGF-1 binding; alanine substitution of the corresponding amino acid of the insulin receptor, Phe714, produces a 140-fold reduction in affinity for insulin.	Alanine	75-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
9228034-13	1997	The Kd values for insulin of the corresponding alanine mutants of the insulin receptor, Arg14 and His710, are 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than for wild type receptor.	Alanine	47-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
9218437-5	1997	The predominant amino acids detected by protein sequence analysis following cleavage of insoluble elastin with HME, MME, and 92-kDa gelatinase were Leu, Ile, Ala, Gly, and Val.	Alanine	158-161	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	116-119
9207145-2	1997	Here, replacement of serine-545 in the recombinant rat SERT by alanine was found to alter the cation dependence of serotonin uptake.	Alanine	63-70	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
9218453-7	1997	The mutation of all 10 serine and threonine residues (as potential phosphorylation sites) in the carboxyl terminus of the CCKBR to alanines (mutant CCKBR DeltaS/T) could account for the majority of this effect (39% internalization).	Alanine	131-139	cholecystokinin B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	122-127
9218453-7	1997	The mutation of all 10 serine and threonine residues (as potential phosphorylation sites) in the carboxyl terminus of the CCKBR to alanines (mutant CCKBR DeltaS/T) could account for the majority of this effect (39% internalization).	Alanine	131-139	cholecystokinin B receptor	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
9204885-2	1997	Abeta falls into two major subspecies defined by their C-termini, Abeta40 and Abeta42, ending in Val-40 and Ala-42, respectively.	Alanine	108-111	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
9224819-6	1997	When Asp114 in transmembrane 2 of MOR was converted to alanine, the ability was abolished of DAMGO or morphine to inhibit forskolin-stimulated [3H]cAMP production in Neuro2A cells stably expressing this mutant receptor.	Alanine	55-62	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	34-37
9195982-10	1997	The structural organization of IIM is similar to that of MUC2, containing a 25-amino acid signal leading sequence and two threonine/proline/alanine-rich tandem repeat domains flanked by cysteine-rich sequences.	Alanine	140-147	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	57-61
9430200-2	1997	The affinity constants of wild-type sFv and a mutant sFv D31A (Asp31 of heavy chain was replaced by Ala) for RNase A were found to be 2.7 x 10(7) and 4.7 x 10(6) M-1 in PBS at pH 7.2 and 37 degrees C, respectively.	Alanine	100-103	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	109-116
9261960-6	1997	SAA pI 9.0 had leucine, glutamine and alanine in the corresponding positions.	Alanine	38-45	serum amyloid A protein	Equus caballus	0-3
9261960-7	1997	In SAA pI 9.7 leucine, lysine and alanine were detected.	Alanine	34-41	serum amyloid A protein	Equus caballus	3-6
9213246-1	1997	The human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, HLF, expresses only mutant-type p53 (mt-p53), which has an amino acid substitution at the 244th residue from glycine to alanine.	Alanine	172-179	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	84-87
9218699-2	1997	The endothelin ET(B) receptor agonist, IRL 1620 (Suc-[Glu9,Ala(11,15)]endothelin-1-(8-21)) (0.1, 1 and 10 nM) also elicited a marked increase in portal pressure and NO release.	Alanine	59-62	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-82
9239451-4	1997	Pretreatment of rats with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) or allyl-isopropyl-acetamide (AIA) induces hepatic delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S) and increases the urinary excretion of porphyrin precursors (ALA and PBG) comparable to the latent phase of acute hepatic porphyrias in humans.	Alanine	162-165	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-160
9213246-1	1997	The human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, HLF, expresses only mutant-type p53 (mt-p53), which has an amino acid substitution at the 244th residue from glycine to alanine.	Alanine	172-179	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	92-95
9162047-5	1997	Alanine scanning mutagenesis also identified a number of flanking residues important for DNA binding by both domains, emphasizing the requirement of the beta-hairpin for the interaction of Pax-3 with DNA.	Alanine	0-7	paired box 3	Homo sapiens	189-194
9220009-3	1997	A change from a lysine in the N-terminus of BlaI to an alanine or deletion of the C-terminal 23 amino acids severely reduces its DNA-binding ability, demonstrating the functional importance of both the N- and C-termini.	Alanine	55-62	Beta-lactamase repressor BlaI	Staphylococcus aureus	44-48
9153427-2	1997	To identify the putative concerned cysteines, we expressed wild-type and various cysteine --&gt; alanine mutants of the human estrogen receptor in COS cells and determined their ability to be alkylated by the four electrophiles.	Alanine	97-104	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	126-143
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-29
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	129-132
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	129-132
9148904-0	1997	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of insulin.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
9148904-1	1997	Alanine scanning mutagenesis has been used to identify specific side chains of insulin which strongly influence binding to the insulin receptor.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
9148904-3	1997	Binding data on the analogs revealed that the alanine mutations that were most disruptive for binding were at positions TyrA19, GlyB8, LeuB11, and GluB13, resulting in decreases in affinity of 1,000-, 33-, 14-, and 8-fold, respectively, relative to wild-type insulin.	Alanine	46-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	259-266
9139709-5	1997	While the His151 --&gt; Ala mutation inactivates HO-2, Cys264 --&gt; Ala and Cys281 --&gt; Ala mutations individually or together (HO-2 mut) do not decrease HO activity.	Alanine	24-27	heme oxygenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
9139709-5	1997	While the His151 --&gt; Ala mutation inactivates HO-2, Cys264 --&gt; Ala and Cys281 --&gt; Ala mutations individually or together (HO-2 mut) do not decrease HO activity.	Alanine	24-27	heme oxygenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
9144530-5	1997	To study the significance of this Pro for the bioactivity and overall conformation of IL-2 it was mutated to Gly and Ala.	Alanine	117-120	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
9115213-5	1997	To test whether phosphorylation is required for Bcl-2 function, conservative serine --&gt; alanine mutations were produced at the seven putative protein kinase C phosphorylation sites in Bcl-2.	Alanine	91-98	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	187-192
9133564-2	1997	In addition to disease-associated mutations, three common amino acid polymorphisms have been identified in the HNF-1alpha gene: Ile/Leu27, Ala/Val 98, and Ser/Asn487.	Alanine	139-142	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	111-121
9133564-9	1997	In conclusion, 8% of white subjects of Danish ancestry are heterozygous for the Ala/Val 98 polymorphism in the HNF-1alpha gene, which in middle-aged subjects is associated with a approximately 20% reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin responses 30 min after an oral glucose challenge.	Alanine	80-83	HNF1 homeobox A	Homo sapiens	111-121
9133564-9	1997	In conclusion, 8% of white subjects of Danish ancestry are heterozygous for the Ala/Val 98 polymorphism in the HNF-1alpha gene, which in middle-aged subjects is associated with a approximately 20% reduction in serum C-peptide and insulin responses 30 min after an oral glucose challenge.	Alanine	80-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	230-237
9179853-5	1997	Another replacement, substitution of two alanines for a di-leucine motif, likewise protects the Gap1 permease against NH4(+)-induced inactivation.	Alanine	41-49	amino acid permease GAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
9110988-4	1997	Alanine substitution at these four positions were made in TFIIIA RNA binding zinc fingers, tz4-7 and DNA binding zinc fingers, tz1-3.	Alanine	0-7	general transcription factor IIIA	Homo sapiens	58-64
9098855-3	1997	Although there was no protection with the control LacZ virus, the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)-containing vector provided partial protection from both behavioral symptoms (ataxia, seizures, and abnormal response to sound) and biochemical abnormalities (ammonium, aspartate, alanine, and glutamine) within 24 h and complete protection by 48 h. Mortality was also decreased.	Alanine	278-285	ornithine transcarbamylase	Mus musculus	66-92
9130707-5	1997	Mutation of these sites to alanine severely reduces c-fos SRE-dependent transcription mediated by Sap-1a and p38 MAP kinase.	Alanine	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	109-112
9137920-1	1997	We have eliminated putative palmitoylation sites in the carboxyl tail of the human dopamine D1 receptor by replacing the two cysteine residues with alanines either separately or together.	Alanine	148-156	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	83-103
9098855-3	1997	Although there was no protection with the control LacZ virus, the ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)-containing vector provided partial protection from both behavioral symptoms (ataxia, seizures, and abnormal response to sound) and biochemical abnormalities (ammonium, aspartate, alanine, and glutamine) within 24 h and complete protection by 48 h. Mortality was also decreased.	Alanine	278-285	ornithine transcarbamylase	Mus musculus	94-97
9065450-1	1997	To determine ligand-binding sites of a platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor, alanine-scanning mutagenesis was carried out.	Alanine	82-89	platelet-activating factor receptor	Cavia porcellus	39-80
9141135-5	1997	The Glu38--&gt;Cys/Cys50--&gt;Ala IL-8 crystallizes in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell parameters a = 46.4, b = 49.2, and c = 69.5 A, and has been refined to an R-value of 19.4% for data from 10 to 2 A resolution.	Alanine	30-33	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	34-38
9065412-4	1997	When these threonine residues were replaced with alanine, there was a significant loss in phosphotransferase activity toward the primary substrate, Sek1, and a large decrease in autophosphorylation activity.	Alanine	49-56	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	148-152
9065754-7	1997	Among the mutants, only a GluR3 mutant in which an original cysteine (Cys)-722 was replaced by alanine exhibited a dominant negative effect comparable with that of the original mutant in which the entire 33-amino-acid segment is deleted.	Alanine	95-102	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-31
9148753-5	1997	The N-terminal sequence of the two fragments generated by MMP-2 and MMP-3 is Leu211-Lys-Gly-Leu-Asn, but that of the others is Asp1-Glu-Ala-Ser-Gly.	Alanine	136-139	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	68-73
9124550-4	1997	Formation of glucose from alanine was also stimulated (0.52 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.04 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P &lt; 0.001) in the absence of a change in plasma alanine concentration.	Alanine	26-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-113
9121764-6	1997	The C-terminal end of FEV is rich in alanine residues which may indicate that FEV is a transcription repressor.	Alanine	37-44	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	22-25
9121764-6	1997	The C-terminal end of FEV is rich in alanine residues which may indicate that FEV is a transcription repressor.	Alanine	37-44	FEV transcription factor, ETS family member	Homo sapiens	78-81
9118961-9	1997	Conversely, a catalytically inactive mutant that carried a lysine to alanine substitution within the kinase domain, displayed dominant-negative features and protected cells from interferon-gamma-induced cell death.	Alanine	69-76	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	178-194
9038155-6	1997	Alanine substitutions at positions on the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase peptide, corresponding to Trp-800 and Arg-812 in the enzyme, produced an 8-fold increase in the enzyme inhibition constant in contrast with the abolition of calmodulin binding by similar mutations in the parent enzyme.	Alanine	0-7	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	239-249
9032315-4	1997	Mutational analysis including alanine scanning identified the motifs SxGTKRSYxxM and TKRSxxxM, which are required for binding to NPI-1 and NPI-3, respectively.	Alanine	30-37	karyopherin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
9038138-0	1997	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a putative substrate recognition site in human cytochrome P450 3A4.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	79-98
9038138-2	1997	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed on amino acid residues 210-216 of cytochrome P450 3A4, the major drug-metabolizing enzyme of human liver.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	77-96
9030571-1	1997	We have previously examined, by alanine scanning mutagenesis, amino acids 515-535 of the estrogen receptor (ER) ligand binding domain to determine which of these residues are important in estradiol binding.	Alanine	32-39	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	89-106
9063444-6	1997	Correspondingly, the transcriptional response of the SRE to redox fluctuations is attenuated upon mutation of critical ERK2 target residues within the Elk-1 transactivation domain to alanine.	Alanine	183-190	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
9074784-3	1997	Such hypotheses are advanced with regard to pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase, three manganese-dependent enzymes associated with either ALA-generating or ALA-dependent processes.	Alanine	202-205	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	105-125
9033392-2	1997	To test this proposal, we prepared a Lys--&gt;Ala (K60fA) mutant of recombinant thrombin and determined whether this mutation enhanced the reactivity of thrombin with a variant inhibitor [antithrombin (AT)-Denver] and a substrate (protein C) containing poorly recognized P1" Leu residues.	Alanine	46-49	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	80-88
9033393-3	1997	These differences arise due to the replacement of Ser 190 in trypsin by Ala 190 in thrombin.	Alanine	72-75	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	83-91
9006413-4	1997	We recently described a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with a mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene substituting an aspartate for an alanine (D9OA).	Alanine	168-175	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	100-122
9074784-3	1997	Such hypotheses are advanced with regard to pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase, three manganese-dependent enzymes associated with either ALA-generating or ALA-dependent processes.	Alanine	184-187	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	44-64
9074784-3	1997	Such hypotheses are advanced with regard to pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase, three manganese-dependent enzymes associated with either ALA-generating or ALA-dependent processes.	Alanine	184-187	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	105-125
8999905-3	1997	In order to obtain a more detailed characterization of these subdomains, we examined the binding of an insulin superanalog, des-(B25-30)-[His-A8, Asp-B10, Tyr-B25 alpha-carboxamide]insulin, to alanine mutants of the ligand binding determinants of these subdomains.	Alanine	193-200	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
8999905-6	1997	Alanine mutations of eight amino acids (Asn15, Phe64, Phe705, Glu706, Tyr708, Leu709, Asn711, and Phe714) of the receptor produced the most profound decreases in affinity for des-(B25-30)-[His-A8, Asp-B10, Tyr-B25 alpha-carboxamide]insulin, suggesting that interactions with these amino acids contributed the major part of the free energy of the ligand-receptor interaction.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	232-239
8999850-10	1997	Surprisingly, these proteins did not bind to the domains involved in transactivation, but rather to the zinc finger and Gly/Ala-rich domains of YY1.	Alanine	124-127	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	144-147
9003189-13	1997	Replacing Trp 659 at site A or Trp 692 at site B to Ala reduces binding by 22- and 31-fold (Kd = 2.9 x 10(-6) and 4.0 x 10(-6) M), respectively, and destabilizes the CaD39-calmodulin complex by 1.75 and 1.94 kcal mol-1, respectively.	Alanine	52-55	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	172-182
9006413-4	1997	We recently described a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with a mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene substituting an aspartate for an alanine (D9OA).	Alanine	168-175	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
8977249-8	1996	Using sequential overlapping peptides from the GPIIIa cytoplasmic region, an epitope for ITP-1 was localized to the sequence Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-Trp (GPIIIa 734-739).	Alanine	129-132	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
9421886-4	1997	Ala substitution in positions 16, 17 and 19 of ET-1(16-21) hardly affected the antibody binding capacity of ET-1(16-21), whereas Ala substitution of Asp18, Ile20 and, in particular, Trp21, inhibited its immunoreactivity.	Alanine	0-3	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
9615489-7	1997	Each of these two alanine residues is located i-4 to a glutamate residue.	Alanine	18-25	PPP1R2C family member C	Homo sapiens	46-49
21781736-2	1996	The results indicate that exposure to gallium arsenide produced a significant inhibition of blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, an increase in urinary ALA excretion and blood zinc protoporphyrin level.	Alanine	137-140	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Rattus norvegicus	98-135
9356672-1	1997	The recently identified molecular structure of the Colton blood group system is characterized by an amino acid substitution at position 45 (Colton a: alanine, Colton b: valine) of the archetypical water channel protein Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), which regulates water homeostasis in the erythrocyte membrane and in the proximal tubule of the nephron.	Alanine	150-157	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	219-230
9356672-1	1997	The recently identified molecular structure of the Colton blood group system is characterized by an amino acid substitution at position 45 (Colton a: alanine, Colton b: valine) of the archetypical water channel protein Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), which regulates water homeostasis in the erythrocyte membrane and in the proximal tubule of the nephron.	Alanine	150-157	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	232-236
8985414-4	1997	Deleting a Tyr-Arg-Tyr-Leu sequence in this region or changing these residues to Ala prevents CD46 down regulation from the infected cell surface.	Alanine	81-84	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	94-98
8985414-5	1997	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis has identified two amino acid residues, Tyr and Leu, forming a Tyr-X-X-Leu motif critical for CD46 down regulation.	Alanine	0-7	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	123-127
8977249-8	1996	Using sequential overlapping peptides from the GPIIIa cytoplasmic region, an epitope for ITP-1 was localized to the sequence Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-Trp (GPIIIa 734-739).	Alanine	129-132	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	150-156
8977249-8	1996	Using sequential overlapping peptides from the GPIIIa cytoplasmic region, an epitope for ITP-1 was localized to the sequence Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-Trp (GPIIIa 734-739).	Alanine	137-140	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
8977249-8	1996	Using sequential overlapping peptides from the GPIIIa cytoplasmic region, an epitope for ITP-1 was localized to the sequence Arg-Ala-Arg-Ala-Lys-Trp (GPIIIa 734-739).	Alanine	137-140	integrin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	150-156
8967975-1	1996	With the use of clonogenic survival assays, we show that wild-type p53-expressing A2780 human ovarian cell lines transfected with a dominant negative mutant p53 gene (codon 143, valine to alanine) acquired cross-resistance to ionizing radiation, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.	Alanine	188-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	67-70
8943258-6	1996	Bax proteins expressing alanine substitutions of the highly conserved amino acids glycine 108 (G108) in BH1, tryptophan 158 (W158) in BH2, and glycine 67 and aspartic acid 68 (GD67-68) in BH3 as well as deletion of the most conserved amino acids in BH1 (Delta102-112) and BH2 (Delta151-159) and deletion of BH3 (Delta63-71) maintained their ability to accelerate chemotherapy-induced cell death.	Alanine	24-31	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-3
8967975-1	1996	With the use of clonogenic survival assays, we show that wild-type p53-expressing A2780 human ovarian cell lines transfected with a dominant negative mutant p53 gene (codon 143, valine to alanine) acquired cross-resistance to ionizing radiation, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.	Alanine	188-195	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	157-160
8896459-10	1996	Substitution of the amino acid triplet KEE by alanine residues within this region changed the almost transcriptionally inactive Sp3 into a strong activator.	Alanine	46-53	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	128-131
8942635-3	1996	Previously, six ALCAM residues were identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis to contribute to the interaction with CD6.	Alanine	50-57	CD6 molecule	Homo sapiens	117-120
8887665-3	1996	We show by deletion mapping that processing of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) terminates at alanine 405 to generate p52 and is prevented by specific inhibitors of the multicatalytic proteinase complex.	Alanine	80-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	47-58
8887665-3	1996	We show by deletion mapping that processing of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) terminates at alanine 405 to generate p52 and is prevented by specific inhibitors of the multicatalytic proteinase complex.	Alanine	80-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
8931138-4	1996	Three helical segments; Ala 8-Cys 18, Gly 42-Phe 49, and Leu 54-Cys 61, were identified, corresponding to those present in wild-type insulin-like growth factor 1 and in single-chain insulin.	Alanine	24-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	133-161
8892816-9	1996	The peptidoglycan from strain AA110 (dacB) had fivefold-greater cross-linking (14.4%) than the wild type and an altered ratio of muramic acid substituents having 37.0, 46.3, and 12.3% delta-lactam, tetrapeptide, and single L-alanine, respectively.	Alanine	223-232	D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase (penicillin-binding protein 5*) (required for spore cortex)	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	37-41
8824616-7	1996	Cleavage of VirB2 was predicted previously to occur between alanine and glutamine in the sequence -Pro-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Ser-.	Alanine	60-67	type IV secretion system pilin subunit VirB2	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	12-17
8876216-4	1996	We demonstrate here that alanine-substituted peptides, having only the minimal anchor motifs, stabilized H-2Dd expression and provided resistance to H-2Dd-transfected, transporter associated with processing (TAP)-deficient cells from lysis by Ly-49A+ NK cells.	Alanine	25-32	killer cell lectin-like receptor, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	243-249
8810317-1	1996	We have examined in detail the DNA binding properties of several immunopurified tumor-derived mutant p53 proteins (Val-143 --&gt; Ala, Arg-175 --&gt; His, Arg-248 --&gt; Trp, Arg-249 --&gt; Ser, and Arg-273 --&gt; His).	Alanine	130-133	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	101-104
8903513-4	1996	We first systematically mutated, in groups of two to four, all the residues in the three intracellular loops of the IL-8 type A receptor to alanine and analyzed the mutant receptors transiently expressed in 293 cells.	Alanine	140-147	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	116-120
8816480-7	1996	Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1.	Alanine	52-59	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
20686885-2	1996	The methyl groups of Ala, Val, Leu and Ile (gamma2 only) remain highly protonated, while the remaining positions in the molecule are largely deuterated.	Alanine	21-24	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
8816484-6	1996	The activation domains of both NRF-1 and NRF-2 were extensively characterized by both deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis.	Alanine	99-106	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
8798665-4	1996	The BH1 sequence in 19K is degenerate but nevertheless contains a conserved glycine residue found in all family members that when mutated to alanine in Bcl-2 results in loss of Bcl-2 function and ability to dimerize with Bax (Yin, X.-M., Oltvai, Z. N., and Korsmeyer, S. J.	Alanine	141-148	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	152-157
8798665-4	1996	The BH1 sequence in 19K is degenerate but nevertheless contains a conserved glycine residue found in all family members that when mutated to alanine in Bcl-2 results in loss of Bcl-2 function and ability to dimerize with Bax (Yin, X.-M., Oltvai, Z. N., and Korsmeyer, S. J.	Alanine	141-148	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	177-182
8798665-4	1996	The BH1 sequence in 19K is degenerate but nevertheless contains a conserved glycine residue found in all family members that when mutated to alanine in Bcl-2 results in loss of Bcl-2 function and ability to dimerize with Bax (Yin, X.-M., Oltvai, Z. N., and Korsmeyer, S. J.	Alanine	141-148	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	221-224
8790371-4	1996	Purified bcl-2 is cleaved by HIV protease between phenylalanine 112 and alanine 113.	Alanine	56-63	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	9-14
8798452-6	1996	Bax proteins expressing alanine substitutions of the highly conserved amino acids glycine 108 in BH1, tryptophan 151 and 158 in BH2, and glycine 67 and aspartic acid 68 in BH3 retained their ability to promote chemotherapy-induced cell death that was inhibited by Bcl-XL and to form heterodimers with Bcl-XL.	Alanine	24-31	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-3
8798452-6	1996	Bax proteins expressing alanine substitutions of the highly conserved amino acids glycine 108 in BH1, tryptophan 151 and 158 in BH2, and glycine 67 and aspartic acid 68 in BH3 retained their ability to promote chemotherapy-induced cell death that was inhibited by Bcl-XL and to form heterodimers with Bcl-XL.	Alanine	24-31	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	264-270
8798452-6	1996	Bax proteins expressing alanine substitutions of the highly conserved amino acids glycine 108 in BH1, tryptophan 151 and 158 in BH2, and glycine 67 and aspartic acid 68 in BH3 retained their ability to promote chemotherapy-induced cell death that was inhibited by Bcl-XL and to form heterodimers with Bcl-XL.	Alanine	24-31	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	301-307
8794740-12	1996	However, a double mutant of CA V containing the two replacements, Tyr 64--&gt;His and Phe 65--&gt;Ala, demonstrated enhanced proton transfer with an apparent pKa of 6.8 and maximal contribution to kcat of 2.2 x 10(5) s-1.	Alanine	98-101	carbonic anhydrase 5a, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	28-32
8784199-0	1996	Alanine point-mutations in the reactive region of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor: effects on the kinetics and thermodynamics of binding to beta-trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin.	Alanine	0-7	trophoblast Kunitz domain protein 1	Bos taurus	68-85
8703082-3	1996	Alanine, glycine, and proline repeats were present in the mammalian Brain-1 gene, whereas most of these repeats were absent in the nonmammalian homologue.	Alanine	0-7	POU class 3 homeobox 3	Homo sapiens	68-75
8784199-1	1996	In an effort to relate structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic features in a model macromolecular recognition process, the amino acid residues in the reactive surface of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and surrounding residues were substituted individually by alanine, and the effects of the point-mutations on the kinetics and thermodynamics of inhibition by BPTI toward trypsin and chymotrypsin were investigated.	Alanine	270-277	trophoblast Kunitz domain protein 1	Bos taurus	187-204
8757342-6	1996	However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion.	Alanine	35-42	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	87-96
8757342-6	1996	However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion.	Alanine	35-42	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
8757342-6	1996	However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion.	Alanine	35-42	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	133-142
8806629-2	1996	Substitution of alanine for cysteines 976 (Cys-976), 991 (Cys-991), 1048 (Cys-1048), or 1114 (Cys-1114), located in the reductase domain of human ecNOS, was achieved by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis and expression in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	16-23	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	146-151
8703082-4	1996	The mammalian Brain-2 gene had alanine, glycine, proline, and glutamine repeats, which were missing in the nonmammalian homologue.	Alanine	31-38	POU class 3 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	14-21
8756655-1	1996	Human wild-type (wt) p53 can induce apoptosis in transiently transfected H1299 cells maintained at 37 degrees C, whereas tumor-derived mutant forms of p53 (with the mutation Ala-143, His-175, or Trp-248) fail to do so.	Alanine	174-177	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	151-154
8756655-2	1996	At 37 degrees C, p53 with a mutation to Ala at amino acid 143 (p53Ala143) was transcriptionally inactive.	Alanine	40-43	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	17-20
8812876-3	1996	Following purification and sequence analysis, it was determined that the 56.5-kDa protein was derived from endoproteolytic cleavage site that was between the Thr and Ala residues located at amino acids 111 and 112 in the ORF2 sequence with the carboxy terminus corresponding to residue 636 of the ORF2 sequence.	Alanine	166-169	capsid protein	Orthohepevirus A	221-225
8812876-3	1996	Following purification and sequence analysis, it was determined that the 56.5-kDa protein was derived from endoproteolytic cleavage site that was between the Thr and Ala residues located at amino acids 111 and 112 in the ORF2 sequence with the carboxy terminus corresponding to residue 636 of the ORF2 sequence.	Alanine	166-169	capsid protein	Orthohepevirus A	297-301
8799186-4	1996	Substitution of either F152 or K155 with alanine was found to specifically inhibit cytokine interaction with LIFR without affecting binding to CNTFR alpha or gp130.	Alanine	41-48	LIF receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	109-113
8702903-1	1996	Although cAMP binding to wild type cAMP receptor protein (CRP) induces specific DNA binding and activates transcription, cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP) binding to the CRP mutant Ser128 --&gt; Ala does not, whereas the double CRP mutant Thr127 --&gt; Leu/Ser128 --&gt; Ala activates transcription even in the absence of cNMP.	Alanine	200-203	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	58-61
8702903-1	1996	Although cAMP binding to wild type cAMP receptor protein (CRP) induces specific DNA binding and activates transcription, cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP) binding to the CRP mutant Ser128 --&gt; Ala does not, whereas the double CRP mutant Thr127 --&gt; Leu/Ser128 --&gt; Ala activates transcription even in the absence of cNMP.	Alanine	200-203	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
8702903-1	1996	Although cAMP binding to wild type cAMP receptor protein (CRP) induces specific DNA binding and activates transcription, cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP) binding to the CRP mutant Ser128 --&gt; Ala does not, whereas the double CRP mutant Thr127 --&gt; Leu/Ser128 --&gt; Ala activates transcription even in the absence of cNMP.	Alanine	200-203	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
8702903-1	1996	Although cAMP binding to wild type cAMP receptor protein (CRP) induces specific DNA binding and activates transcription, cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP) binding to the CRP mutant Ser128 --&gt; Ala does not, whereas the double CRP mutant Thr127 --&gt; Leu/Ser128 --&gt; Ala activates transcription even in the absence of cNMP.	Alanine	276-279	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
8702903-1	1996	Although cAMP binding to wild type cAMP receptor protein (CRP) induces specific DNA binding and activates transcription, cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP) binding to the CRP mutant Ser128 --&gt; Ala does not, whereas the double CRP mutant Thr127 --&gt; Leu/Ser128 --&gt; Ala activates transcription even in the absence of cNMP.	Alanine	276-279	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
8702713-10	1996	Mutation of Arg-410 to Gly or Glu-433 to Ala resulted in &gt;50% reduction in the enzyme activity without appreciably altering mutant protein expression, consistent with a more subtle effect of these residues on TXAS catalytic efficiency.	Alanine	41-44	thromboxane A synthase 1	Homo sapiens	212-216
8702920-8	1996	Alanine cluster mutagenesis and deletion analysis in p16 allowed the further localization of the interaction domain to the extreme C-terminal 8 amino acids in primase.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	53-56
8987530-1	1996	The Ser-170 residue of a trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces fradiae (SFT), which is considered to be the active-site serine, was replaced with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis to improve the affinity chromatography step for a Kazal-type trypsin inhibitor pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI).	Alanine	146-153	serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 1	Homo sapiens	302-306
8702589-7	1996	Recombinant human PGHS-2 with Val509 mutated to either Ile (the corresponding residue in PGHS-1), Ala, Glu, or Lys was expressed by transient transfection of COS-1 cells to evaluate the effects of the mutations on cyclooxygenase activity and on inhibition by four agents reported to be selective for PGHS-2 (NS398, nimesulide, DuP697, and SC58125).	Alanine	98-101	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
8702527-0	1996	An insulin receptor mutant (Asp707 --&gt; Ala), involved in leprechaunism, is processed and transported to the cell surface but unable to bind insulin.	Alanine	42-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
8707840-5	1996	We found that p58 contains regions with FG (Phe, Gly) and PA (Pro, Ala) repeats at both its NH2 and COOH termini separated by a predicted alpha-helical coiled-coil region, while p54 has an NH2-terminal FG and PA repeat region and a COOH-terminal predicted coiled-coil region.	Alanine	67-70	DNA primase subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8670899-3	1996	A D-Jun mutant that carries alanines in place of the Rolled phosphorylation sites acts as a dominant suppressor of photoreceptor cell fate if expressed in the eye imaginal disc.	Alanine	28-36	Jun-related antigen	Drosophila melanogaster	2-7
8707260-0	1996	Alanine protects liver from injury caused by F-galactosamine and CCl4.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
8765746-3	1996	The deduced product of the Xenopus Sox gene (xSox-11) consisted of the standard domains of an HMG box, glycine/alanine-rich region and glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich region and may be involved in the control of transcription.	Alanine	111-118	SRY-box 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	45-52
8806482-3	1996	The amino acid sequences of EBNA1 of HVP and EBV are 56% identical, if the difference in the length of the glycine and alanine containing repetitive region, which is much shorter for HVP EBNA1, is omitted for the calculation.	Alanine	119-126	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	28-33
8663330-0	1996	Functional studies and polymerization of recombinant hemoglobin Glu-alpha2beta26(A3) --&gt; Val/Glu-7(A4) --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	113-116	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28	Homo sapiens	53-83
8818353-4	1996	This metabolite is thought to be generated by neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11), as the Ala-Tyr bond of cFP-AAY-pAB is cleaved by NEP in vitro.	Alanine	96-99	neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	46-67
8818353-4	1996	This metabolite is thought to be generated by neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11), as the Ala-Tyr bond of cFP-AAY-pAB is cleaved by NEP in vitro.	Alanine	96-99	neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-72
8818353-4	1996	This metabolite is thought to be generated by neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11), as the Ala-Tyr bond of cFP-AAY-pAB is cleaved by NEP in vitro.	Alanine	96-99	neprilysin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	138-141
8707260-7	1996	Bolus administration of alanine significantly prevented the elevation of plasma transaminase levels and histological liver damage in CCl4-treated rats, while fructose-1,6 bisphosphate (FDP) had little effect.	Alanine	24-31	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
8668171-6	1996	Thus, only when all five of the serine and threonine residues in the C-terminal region of IkappaBalpha are converted to alanine (MutF), is constitutive phosphorylation abolished.	Alanine	120-127	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-102
8864848-1	1996	Charged amino acid residues of human RCC1 were converted to alanine and mutants which were unable to complement tsBN2 cells (a temperature-sensitive rcc1- mutant of the hamster BHK21 cell line) were selected.	Alanine	60-67	regulator of chromosome condensation 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
8844826-1	1996	The gene encoding trypsin-solubilized bovine liver microsomal cytochrome b5 (82 residues in length) has been mutated, in which the codons of Glu44 and Glu56 were changed to those of Ala.	Alanine	182-185	cytochrome b5 type A	Bos taurus	62-75
8819166-0	1996	Ala-insertion scanning mutagenesis of the glycophorin A transmembrane helix: a rapid way to map helix-helix interactions in integral membrane proteins.	Alanine	0-3	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-55
8819166-1	1996	Alanine insertions into the glycophorin A transmembrane helix are found to disrupt helix-helix dimerization in a way that is fully consistent with earlier saturation mutagenesis data, suggesting that Ala-insertion scanning can be used to rapidly map the approximate location of structurally and/or functionally important segments in transmembrane helices.	Alanine	0-7	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-41
8673608-2	1996	Cytochrome P450eryF is unusual in having alanine in place of this threonine and an ordered active site water molecule (Wat 519) which is hydrogen bonded to the substrate 5-hydroxyl group and is in position to operate as an acid catalyst required for cleaving dioxygen.	Alanine	41-48	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-15
8799910-14	1996	It is concluded that: (1) the administration of BCAAs can greatly increase their concentration in plasma and subsequently their uptake by muscle during exercise, and (2) long-term exercise following BCAA administration results in significantly greater muscle NH3, alanine and glutamine production, as well as lower lactate production, than is observed during exercise without BCAA supplementation.	Alanine	264-271	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	48-52
8819166-1	1996	Alanine insertions into the glycophorin A transmembrane helix are found to disrupt helix-helix dimerization in a way that is fully consistent with earlier saturation mutagenesis data, suggesting that Ala-insertion scanning can be used to rapidly map the approximate location of structurally and/or functionally important segments in transmembrane helices.	Alanine	0-3	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-41
8662767-11	1996	When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, ASCT2 exhibited Na+-dependent uptakes of neutral amino acids such as L-alanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-cysteine, and L-glutamine at high affinity with Km values around 20 microM.	Alanine	111-120	solute carrier family 1 member 5 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	42-47
8691458-9	1996	Replacement of Gly by Ala in these mercaptoacyl dipeptides induced an about 100-fold decrease in ACE inhibition.	Alanine	22-25	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
8799910-14	1996	It is concluded that: (1) the administration of BCAAs can greatly increase their concentration in plasma and subsequently their uptake by muscle during exercise, and (2) long-term exercise following BCAA administration results in significantly greater muscle NH3, alanine and glutamine production, as well as lower lactate production, than is observed during exercise without BCAA supplementation.	Alanine	264-271	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	199-203
8799910-15	1996	These data strongly suggest that BCAAs are an important source of NH3 during submaximal exercise and that their contribution to NH3, alanine and glutamine production can be significantly altered by changes in BCAA availability.	Alanine	133-140	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	33-37
8662940-4	1996	Alanine- and D-amino acid-scanning mutagenesis revealed several residues in the amino-terminal half of OFQ which participate in both receptor binding and activation.	Alanine	0-7	prepronociceptin	Homo sapiens	103-106
8662911-3	1996	In an earlier alanine-scanning mutational study, we identified three major binding determinants in loop 1 of human PRL (hPRL) (Goffin, V., Norman, M. &amp; Martial, J.	Alanine	14-21	prolactin	Homo sapiens	115-118
8662911-3	1996	In an earlier alanine-scanning mutational study, we identified three major binding determinants in loop 1 of human PRL (hPRL) (Goffin, V., Norman, M. &amp; Martial, J.	Alanine	14-21	prolactin	Homo sapiens	120-124
8676388-1	1996	Molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling are used to perform free energy simulations of C-terminal and N-terminal helix propagation in small helices of Ace-(Ala)n-NMe, with n= (4,5,10,15), in water.	Alanine	170-173	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	165-168
8836775-2	1996	Replacement of specific residues of the antagonistic fragment human calcitonin gene-related peptide 8-37 (hCGRP 8-37) by alanine residues produces good antagonists to CGRP1 receptors when the replacement is made at positions 17 and 20 but a poor antagonist when the replacement is made at position 21.	Alanine	121-128	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	167-172
8808735-6	1996	The nature of the low-frequency modes of motion, as obtained from MD and normal mode (NM) analysis, of Ace-(Ala)31-Nma and of a proline mutant is discussed.	Alanine	108-111	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	103-106
8626680-1	1996	Recent studies have shown that substitution of Ala for one or more Phe residues in calmodulin (CaM) imparts a temperature-sensitive phenotype to yeast (Ohya, Y., and Botstein, D. (1994) Science 263, 963-966).	Alanine	47-50	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-93
8626680-1	1996	Recent studies have shown that substitution of Ala for one or more Phe residues in calmodulin (CaM) imparts a temperature-sensitive phenotype to yeast (Ohya, Y., and Botstein, D. (1994) Science 263, 963-966).	Alanine	47-50	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	95-98
8626680-3	1996	In the present work we have studied the functional and structural consequences of the Phe-92 --&gt; Ala mutation in human liver calmodulin.	Alanine	100-103	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	128-138
8613708-2	1996	Previously, we showed that BA/F3 cell transfectants expressing a cytoplasmic deletion mutant of the hIL-4R that lacks the region between Thr(462) and Ala(580), referred to as delta R3, fails to proliferate in the presence of hIL-4.	Alanine	150-153	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
8626681-1	1996	Rate constants for the interaction of fatty acids (FA) with fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) from adipocyte (A-FABP), heart (H-FABP), and intestine (I-FABP) were determined by using stopped-flow fluorometry and ADIFAB, the fluorescent probe of free fatty acids (FFA), or a new FFA probe, ADIFAB2, constructed by derivatizing with acrylodan the Leu72 --&gt; Ala mutant of I-FABP.	Alanine	359-362	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	151-157
8651752-8	1996	RESULTS: Both IL-6 and TNF-alpha exerted a small stimulatory effect on alanine and glutamine transport.	Alanine	71-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-32
8647121-5	1996	Each of the 11 amino acids of loop B of the binding region of uPA (amino acids 20-30) were individually substituted with alanine.	Alanine	121-128	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	62-65
8613992-0	1996	Alanine substitutions in calmodulin-binding peptides result in unexpected affinity enhancement.	Alanine	0-7	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	25-35
8613992-7	1996	We have observed that all the alanine-scanning peptides bound to calmodulin with better affinity than the wild-type.	Alanine	30-37	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	65-75
8631905-2	1996	A polymorphism in the gene that encodes IFABP results in an alanine (Ala54) to threonine (Thr54) substitution at codon 54 that alters the in vitro binding affinity of the protein for long-chain fatty acids.	Alanine	60-67	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
8651752-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on glutamine and alanine transport in isolated human hepatocytes.	Alanine	128-135	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-98
8651752-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: The authors studied the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on glutamine and alanine transport in isolated human hepatocytes.	Alanine	128-135	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-109
8651752-8	1996	RESULTS: Both IL-6 and TNF-alpha exerted a small stimulatory effect on alanine and glutamine transport.	Alanine	71-78	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	14-18
8860437-3	1996	Aminopeptidase activity in vaginal homogenates, as well as in tissue pieces, was determined using 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides of leucine, alanine, arginine, and glutamic acid as specific substrates.	Alanine	137-144	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
8621479-3	1996	Through alanine substitution, it was demonstrated that amino acids Lys16, Leu17, and Phe20 are critical for binding to Abeta and inhibition of Abeta fibril formation.	Alanine	8-15	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	119-124
8621479-3	1996	Through alanine substitution, it was demonstrated that amino acids Lys16, Leu17, and Phe20 are critical for binding to Abeta and inhibition of Abeta fibril formation.	Alanine	8-15	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	143-148
8619986-3	1996	Substitution of I341 with alanine reduced the strong binding of actin to myosin subfragment-1 (S1) 9-fold compared to wild-type actin.	Alanine	26-33	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-69
8624437-3	1996	Many aquaporins are mercury sensitive, and in AQP1, a mercury-sensitive cysteine residue (Cys-189) is present adjacent to a conserved Asn-Pro-Ala motif.	Alanine	142-145	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	46-50
8619986-3	1996	Substitution of I341 with alanine reduced the strong binding of actin to myosin subfragment-1 (S1) 9-fold compared to wild-type actin.	Alanine	26-33	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-133
8598053-6	1996	To test the functional role of the respective aspartate residue of Skn7/Pos9 protein in oxidative stress, we mutagenized this residue in vitro to alanine, arginine and glutamate.	Alanine	146-153	kinase-regulated stress-responsive transcription factor SKN7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-71
8636133-8	1996	Furthermore, a nonmyristoylated cGK II Gly2 --&gt; Ala mutant was localized predominantly in the cytosol after transient expression in COS-1 cells.	Alanine	51-54	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 2	Homo sapiens	32-38
8621427-4	1996	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify a positively charged surface in VEGF that mediates binding to KDR/Flk-1.	Alanine	0-7	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	82-86
8649799-3	1996	Here we address this question in an intact cell system using normal human diploid fibroblasts in which p53 function is manipulated by expression of a dominant-negative mutant (ala(143)) introduced by a retroviral vector.	Alanine	176-179	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	103-106
8634286-0	1996	Folding and unfolding kinetics of the proline-to-alanine mutants of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A.	Alanine	49-56	ribonuclease pancreatic	Bos taurus	86-100
8617744-6	1996	Alteration of the Asn or Pro to Ala in the NPXpY motif of the EGFR Tyr-1148 peptide increased the KD of PI domain interactions to 238 and 370 nM, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
8728690-10	1996	The proband is the first reported case of OI with a glycine substitution by alanine in the pro alpha 2(I) chain of type I procollagen.	Alanine	76-83	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	115-133
8603751-3	1996	By substituting the N-terminal alanine of the substrates with proline, the catalytic efficiency of the enzymic reaction, by the serine proteases, is diminished by 2-3 orders of magnitude, whereas that by neprilysin and theromlysin decreases only slightly.	Alanine	31-38	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	204-214
8830033-1	1996	Short peptides which contained a single Cys residue were introduced into both N- and C-termini of the Cys-free mutant of DHFR (Cys85 --&gt; Ala, Cys152 --&gt; Ser double mutant) by a recombinant DNA method, then the terminal regions were connected through a disulfide bond by oxidation.	Alanine	140-143	dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	121-125
8622681-8	1996	We identified Ser-263 phosphorylation, the Ala-263 mutant of v-Mos was not inhibited by forskolin treatment.	Alanine	43-46	Moloney sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	63-66
8576204-0	1996	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a C-terminal ligand binding domain of the insulin receptor alpha subunit.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
8825449-5	1996	Being capable of hydrolyzing N-blocked L-alanine-1-naphthylester, N-blocked L-methionine-1-naphthylester, and naphthyl AS-D chloroacetate at pH 6.8, the proteinase is insensitive to 1 mM p-nitrophenyl phosphate, an inhibitor of some mammalian esterproteinases.	Alanine	39-48	endogenous retrovirus group K member 25	Homo sapiens	153-163
8805225-5	1996	The amino-acid residues of p16 important for its interaction with cdk4 and cdk6 and for the inhibition of pRb phosphorylation were defined by an alanine substitution series of peptides.	Alanine	145-152	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	27-30
8772492-3	1996	FAS and SCD mRNA in both tissues of obese (Avy) mice were dramatically increased relative to lean (ala) controls.	Alanine	99-102	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	0-3
8993775-5	1996	Amino acid analysis indicates that LSF is a peptide composed of Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, Ala, Gly, Arg and probably Met, with the N-terminus blocked, possibly by pyroglutamic acid.	Alanine	84-87	transcription factor CP2	Mus musculus	35-38
7586220-2	1995	Point mutants of preproendothelin-1 cDNA, with replacement of the codons for Lys9 of ET-1 by ones for Ala and Glu and of Ile20 and Trp21 by ones encoding Ala, were expressed in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	102-105	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	17-35
8560673-8	1996	Studies with the LNCaP cell line are particularly interesting, as these cells contain a mutated androgen receptor (codon 868, Thr--&gt;Ala), which behaves idiosyncratically with other antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate and flutamide): both these antiandrogens act as agonists in this cell line and stimulate proliferation.	Alanine	135-138	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	96-113
7495819-2	1995	In the inhibitory serpins the P8 to P12 residues of this motif are usually small side-chain amino acids, most commonly alanine.	Alanine	119-126	DNA polymerase epsilon 4, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	36-39
8537366-2	1995	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to examine the roles of residues surrounding serine 293 in catalysis by the dehydrogenase and in substrate recognition by branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase.	Alanine	0-7	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase	Homo sapiens	160-210
8537366-7	1995	Each alanine-substituted E1 was phosphorylated at site 1 by branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase with similar rates, with the exception of the R288A mutant, which displayed no detectable phosphorylation.	Alanine	5-12	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase	Homo sapiens	60-110
7499850-7	1995	Truncations of eluted peptide sequences and alanine scanning mutational analysis of a Mycobacterium leprae peptide were used to identify the peptide residues involved in binding to DRB1*0404 and DRB1*0402 molecules.	Alanine	44-51	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
8524794-2	1995	Mutation analysis of mouse inducible NOS (iNOS; NOS2) identified Gly-450 and Ala-453 as critical for NO production, dimer formation, and BH4 binding.	Alanine	77-80	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	27-40
8524794-2	1995	Mutation analysis of mouse inducible NOS (iNOS; NOS2) identified Gly-450 and Ala-453 as critical for NO production, dimer formation, and BH4 binding.	Alanine	77-80	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	42-46
8524794-2	1995	Mutation analysis of mouse inducible NOS (iNOS; NOS2) identified Gly-450 and Ala-453 as critical for NO production, dimer formation, and BH4 binding.	Alanine	77-80	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	48-52
7586220-2	1995	Point mutants of preproendothelin-1 cDNA, with replacement of the codons for Lys9 of ET-1 by ones for Ala and Glu and of Ile20 and Trp21 by ones encoding Ala, were expressed in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	154-157	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	17-35
7479838-3	1995	We show that alanine substitution mutations in a single loop of TBP can disrupt its association in vitro with the activation domains of the herpes simplex virus activator VP16 and of the human tumor suppressor protein p53; these mutations do not, however, disrupt the transcriptional response of TBP to either activation domain in vivo.	Alanine	13-20	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	218-221
7499412-1	1995	In a search for active-site residues of the Tsp protease, 20 positions were individually mutated to alanine, the mutant strains were assayed for growth defects in vivo, and the purified proteins were assayed for proteolytic activity in vitro.	Alanine	100-107	thrombospondin 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
7578153-0	1995	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human transcript elongation factor TFIIS.	Alanine	0-7	transcription elongation factor A2	Homo sapiens	67-72
7578153-4	1995	Twenty-two delta TFIIS alanine-scanning mutants were constructed by substitution of alanine for each amino acid in clusters of charged residues in the C-terminal half of HeLa TFIIS.	Alanine	23-30	transcription elongation factor A2	Homo sapiens	17-22
7578153-4	1995	Twenty-two delta TFIIS alanine-scanning mutants were constructed by substitution of alanine for each amino acid in clusters of charged residues in the C-terminal half of HeLa TFIIS.	Alanine	23-30	transcription elongation factor A2	Homo sapiens	175-180
7578153-4	1995	Twenty-two delta TFIIS alanine-scanning mutants were constructed by substitution of alanine for each amino acid in clusters of charged residues in the C-terminal half of HeLa TFIIS.	Alanine	84-91	transcription elongation factor A2	Homo sapiens	17-22
7578153-6	1995	This alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis allowed the identification of regions or residues important for the activity of TFIIS.	Alanine	5-12	transcription elongation factor A2	Homo sapiens	123-128
8590795-9	1995	Alanine substitution at position 160 allows nuclear entry of Swi6 throughout the cell cycle.	Alanine	0-7	transcriptional regulator SWI6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
7595027-7	1995	The effect of IGF-I on Pi transport appears to be specific inasmuch as the transport of alanine is not affected by the peptide.	Alanine	88-95	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
8588953-0	1995	Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacotoxic profiles of recombinant-methionyl human interleukin-2[alanine-125] (r-metHuIL-2[ala-125]) following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in rats.	Alanine	106-113	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	92-105
8588953-0	1995	Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacotoxic profiles of recombinant-methionyl human interleukin-2[alanine-125] (r-metHuIL-2[ala-125]) following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in rats.	Alanine	106-109	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	92-105
7479080-3	1995	In the basic region of C/EBP position -14 is occupied by valine instead of alanine, the other four residues being identical.	Alanine	75-82	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	23-28
7568109-2	1995	Further studies have shown that an additional 6 residues in the rAT1b receptor TMs II (Ala-73), III (Ser-109, Ala-114, Ser-115), VI (Phe-248), and VII (Asn-295) are important in Losartan binding.	Alanine	87-90	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
7488039-4	1995	Mutation of cys-99 to alanine in ecNOS resulted in loss of catalytic activity which could be restored to the level of wild type by adding a high concentration of exogenous BH4 to the crude extract.	Alanine	22-29	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	33-38
7559612-9	1995	Modeling the amino acid sequence in this region as an alpha-helical structure indicates that this tryptophan is adjacent to alanine 234, which corresponds to alanine 225 in RAR beta that has previously been linked to the ligand binding site.	Alanine	124-131	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	173-181
7559612-9	1995	Modeling the amino acid sequence in this region as an alpha-helical structure indicates that this tryptophan is adjacent to alanine 234, which corresponds to alanine 225 in RAR beta that has previously been linked to the ligand binding site.	Alanine	158-165	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	173-181
7568109-2	1995	Further studies have shown that an additional 6 residues in the rAT1b receptor TMs II (Ala-73), III (Ser-109, Ala-114, Ser-115), VI (Phe-248), and VII (Asn-295) are important in Losartan binding.	Alanine	110-113	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
7568109-5	1995	Ala substitutions and comparison of mammalian and amphibian combinatorial mutants indicated that TM III in the rAT1b receptor plays a key role in Losartan binding.	Alanine	0-3	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
7556089-9	1995	Alanine substitution at four positions moderately (K341) or severely (L344, G348, L349) impairs the susceptibility of alpha 1 to activation by rhodopsin.	Alanine	0-7	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	143-152
7665623-10	1995	The insulin binding affinity of Ala-87 IR was reduced by 85% relative to that of Leu-87 IR.	Alanine	32-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
7588705-0	1995	Two regions with differential growth-modulating activity in the N-terminal domain of ras GTPase-activating protein (p120GAP) src homology and Gly-Ala-Pro-rich regions.	Alanine	146-149	RAS p21 protein activator 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-123
7657383-7	1995	In this case, we identified a mutation in the TP53 gene at codon 161 changing GCC to ACC and resulting in an alteration of alanine to threonine in this position.	Alanine	123-130	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	46-50
8554907-0	1995	Alanine substitution of two arginines in amino terminus of V3 of SIV disrupts CD4 binding whereas a similar replacement of two amino acids, lysine and arginine, in the carboxyl half of V3 prevents binding of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody.	Alanine	0-7	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	78-81
21153226-2	1995	The experimental approach taken was comparative characterization of binding and internalization of IGF-I and its analog, [Gln(3), Ala(4), Tyr(15), Leu(16) (QAYL)]IGF-I, with reduced affinity for IGF BP, in two different placental cell culture models.	Alanine	130-133	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
21153226-2	1995	The experimental approach taken was comparative characterization of binding and internalization of IGF-I and its analog, [Gln(3), Ala(4), Tyr(15), Leu(16) (QAYL)]IGF-I, with reduced affinity for IGF BP, in two different placental cell culture models.	Alanine	130-133	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	162-167
7629162-2	1995	Simultaneous mutation of Arg269 and Lys220 of RAR-beta to Ala results in a dramatic reduction in both transactivation and affinity for RA along with creating a RA concentration-dependent dominant negative mutant.	Alanine	58-61	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	46-54
7543103-4	1995	Competition assays with peptide variants, including substitutions of residues with alanine or structurally related amino acids, underline the broad peptide specificity of the human TAP complex.	Alanine	83-90	transporter 1, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	181-184
7644501-5	1995	A Gly-159--&gt;Ala substitution in BH1 of Bcl-xL disrupted its heterodimerization with Bax and abrogated its inhibition of apoptosis in mammalian cells.	Alanine	15-18	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
7644501-5	1995	A Gly-159--&gt;Ala substitution in BH1 of Bcl-xL disrupted its heterodimerization with Bax and abrogated its inhibition of apoptosis in mammalian cells.	Alanine	15-18	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	87-90
7575750-5	1995	Acute parenteral administration of ALA resulted in a significant increase of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal; metabolic clearance rate (MCR) for glucose rose by about 50% (3.76 ml/kg/min = pre vs. 5.82 ml/kg/min = post, p &lt; 0.05), whereas the control group did not show any significant change (3.57 ml/kg/min = pre vs. 3.91 ml/kg/min = post).	Alanine	35-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
7649255-2	1995	To investigate the importance of this region for biological activity of IL-6, residues Glu-52, Ser-53, Ser-54, Lys-55, Glu-56, Leu-58, and Glu-60 were individually replaced by alanine.	Alanine	176-183	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	72-76
8849023-4	1995	The OMCHI and OGCHI are different in physicochemical and biochemical properties: average molecular weight 26000-27700 for OMCHI variants and 29700 for OGCHI; N-terminal amino acid, Ala for OMCHI and Thr for OGCHI; and trypsin-inhibitory activity, positive for OMCHI and negative for OGCHI.	Alanine	181-184	orosomucoid 1 (ovoglycoprotein)	Gallus gallus	14-19
7628396-1	1995	The administration of an acute tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) dose (100 micrograms/kg BW) to 20-day pregnant rats resulted in a substantial decrease in the fetal availability of maternally administered amino acids, as measured by the accumulation of alpha-amino-[1-14C]isobutyrate ([14C]AIB) and [1-14C]cycloleucine ([14C]CLEU), nonmetabolizable analogs of the amino acids alanine and leucine, respectively.	Alanine	376-383	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	31-58
7628396-1	1995	The administration of an acute tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) dose (100 micrograms/kg BW) to 20-day pregnant rats resulted in a substantial decrease in the fetal availability of maternally administered amino acids, as measured by the accumulation of alpha-amino-[1-14C]isobutyrate ([14C]AIB) and [1-14C]cycloleucine ([14C]CLEU), nonmetabolizable analogs of the amino acids alanine and leucine, respectively.	Alanine	376-383	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
7628396-6	1995	TNF treatment promoted an increase in the concentrations of both alanine and leucine in the maternal circulation, whereas no changes in the circulating concentrations of these amino acids were observed in the fetuses.	Alanine	65-72	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8586612-1	1995	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT) of rat liver is localized in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.	Alanine	16-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
7641816-0	1995	Monocyte chemoattractant activity of Ser195--&gt;Ala active site mutant recombinant alpha-thrombin.	Alanine	49-52	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	90-98
7636534-3	1995	TIL were isolated from fresh biopsy material and activated with anti-CD3 antibody, OKT3, for 48 hours and expanded in 100 IU/mL r-methionyl Hu IL-2 alanine 125 (r-met Hu IL-2 [ala-125]).	Alanine	148-155	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
7636534-3	1995	TIL were isolated from fresh biopsy material and activated with anti-CD3 antibody, OKT3, for 48 hours and expanded in 100 IU/mL r-methionyl Hu IL-2 alanine 125 (r-met Hu IL-2 [ala-125]).	Alanine	148-151	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	143-147
7622501-1	1995	Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis, 77 charged and polar residues that are highly exposed on the surface of human thrombin were systematically substituted with alanine.	Alanine	161-168	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	115-123
7616849-8	1995	Basal insulin level was only slightly reduced during propranolol treatment, whereas the insulin response to alanine was significantly blunted.	Alanine	108-115	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
7797592-3	1995	Both were highly homologous to human ICE (52% identical) and CED-3 (25% identical) and both contained the absolutely conserved pentapeptide sequence Gln-Ala-Cys-Arg-Asp containing the catalytic cysteine residue.	Alanine	153-156	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
7772022-4	1995	Interestingly, the Ala159Thr mutant does not form either stable homodimers or heterodimers with wild-type ADH, suggesting that alanine-159 is important in stabilizing ADH dimers.	Alanine	127-134	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	167-170
7772022-7	1995	It also shows that alanine-159 is part of a hydrophobic anchor on the dimer interface of ADH.	Alanine	19-26	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	89-92
7539102-5	1995	Similarly, K562, cells stably transfected with a plasmid vector containing the temperature-sensitive human p53 mutant Ala-143 demonstrated a four- to sixfold upregulation of Fas/APO-1 by flow-cytometric analysis at the permissive temperature of 32.5 degrees C. Temperature-sensitive upregulation of Fas/APO-1 in K562 Ala-143 cells was verified by immunoprecipitation and demonstrated to result from enhanced mRNA production by nuclear run-on and Northern (RNA) analyses.	Alanine	118-121	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	107-110
7539137-10	1995	We now show that the FRAP Ser2035--&gt;Ala mutant displays similar binding affinity when compared with the wild-type protein, whereas all other mutations at this site, including mimics of phosphoserine, abolish binding, presumably due to either unfavorable steric interactions or induced conformational changes.	Alanine	39-42	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	21-25
7536796-5	1995	In addition, the alanine-substituted peptides at positions 170 and 173, but not 172, inhibited the proliferation of all T cell clones induced by the original peptide of human PDC-E2 163-176, indicating that amino acid D at position 172 is a critical MHC-binding site for all T cell clones tested.	Alanine	17-24	dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	175-181
7630167-0	1995	Tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulates gluconeogenesis from alanine in vivo.	Alanine	60-67	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
7630167-6	1995	TNF alpha administration resulted in a 50% increase in gluconeogenesis from alanine (P &lt; 0.05) and a three-fold increase in plasma glucagon (P = 0.01).	Alanine	76-83	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
7624116-1	1995	A human p53 mutant, p53Val-138 (amino acid 138, Alanine--&gt;Valine), generated by in vitro mutagenesis was introduced into Saos-2 human osteosarcoma and Jurkat acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, both lacking p53 protein expression.	Alanine	48-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	8-11
7624116-1	1995	A human p53 mutant, p53Val-138 (amino acid 138, Alanine--&gt;Valine), generated by in vitro mutagenesis was introduced into Saos-2 human osteosarcoma and Jurkat acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, both lacking p53 protein expression.	Alanine	48-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	20-23
7624134-8	1995	Mutation of serine 315 of p53 to alanine (p53-S315A) abolished phosphorylation by cdk2 kinase.	Alanine	33-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	26-29
7624134-8	1995	Mutation of serine 315 of p53 to alanine (p53-S315A) abolished phosphorylation by cdk2 kinase.	Alanine	33-40	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	42-45
7784076-2	1995	To investigate the molecular basis of the interaction between these proteins and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), we performed a systematic mutagenesis of the CKI family member p21Cip1 using the alanine-scanning strategy.	Alanine	199-206	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	181-188
7539426-1	1995	Charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the A1 domain of human von Willebrand factor.	Alanine	11-18	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	66-87
7539426-3	1995	The VWF-GPIb interaction was investigated by clustered charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of VWF domain A1 between His-473 and Gly-716.	Alanine	66-73	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
7539426-3	1995	The VWF-GPIb interaction was investigated by clustered charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of VWF domain A1 between His-473 and Gly-716.	Alanine	66-73	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	98-101
7649358-1	1995	A single exchange of an alanine to a threonine at amino acid position 596 in the androgen receptor has been identified as an inheritable trait in patients with Reifenstein syndrome.	Alanine	24-31	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	81-98
7739562-7	1995	Alanine substitutions introduced at two serine residues positioned within this N-terminal regulatory region of I kappa B alpha also yielded constitutive repressors that escaped from Tax-induced turnover and that potently inhibited immune activation pathways for NF-kappa B induction, including those initiated from antigen and cytokine receptors.	Alanine	0-7	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-126
7739562-7	1995	Alanine substitutions introduced at two serine residues positioned within this N-terminal regulatory region of I kappa B alpha also yielded constitutive repressors that escaped from Tax-induced turnover and that potently inhibited immune activation pathways for NF-kappa B induction, including those initiated from antigen and cytokine receptors.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	262-272
7592547-6	1995	We found that the yield of the beta form of the Asn137-to-Ala mutant (designated as sTF beta NNA) was threefold higher (3 mg/liter) than that of the wild type, suggesting that the replacement of one of the three potential N-glycosylation Asn residues with Ala could be a good way to minimize the addition of mannose repeats.	Alanine	58-61	cystatin B	Homo sapiens	84-92
7721731-8	1995	A reduction in intracellular levels of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin was achieved with the replacement of P11/12 alanines by valines.	Alanine	105-113	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	41-60
7702599-3	1995	Transient transfection of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with an AAAT expression vector led to insulin-dependent uptake of L-serine and to a lesser extent, uptake of L-alanine and L-glutamate.	Alanine	156-165	solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	55-59
7714110-2	1995	We previously reported three distinct mutations in the AVP gene in Japanese familial central diabetes insipidus pedigrees that result in a substitution of Ser for Gly57 in the neurophysin-II (NPII) moiety of the AVP precursor, a substitution of Thr for Ala at the COOH-terminus of the signal peptide, and a deletion of Glu47 in the NPII moiety.	Alanine	253-256	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	55-58
7714110-2	1995	We previously reported three distinct mutations in the AVP gene in Japanese familial central diabetes insipidus pedigrees that result in a substitution of Ser for Gly57 in the neurophysin-II (NPII) moiety of the AVP precursor, a substitution of Thr for Ala at the COOH-terminus of the signal peptide, and a deletion of Glu47 in the NPII moiety.	Alanine	253-256	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	212-215
7876252-3	1995	The cytosol-to-membrane translocation was dependent on N-myristoylated p17 since cells expressing p17 with a Gly2--&gt;Ala mutation did not localize to the membrane.	Alanine	119-122	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	71-74
7737162-8	1995	Mutation of the active-site threonine to tyrosine, serine or alanine reduced the 5"-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity of PC-1 and its ability to autophosphorylate to undetectable levels.	Alanine	61-68	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
7861463-6	1995	RESULTS: Both ER-negative and ER-positive tumors contained neutral polymorphisms in codons 10 [TCT--&gt;TCC (Ser)], 87 [GCG--&gt;GCC (Ala)], 243 [CGC--&gt;CGT (Arg)], 325 [CCC--&gt;CCG (Pro)], and 594 [ACA--&gt;ACG (Thr)].	Alanine	134-137	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	14-16
7861463-6	1995	RESULTS: Both ER-negative and ER-positive tumors contained neutral polymorphisms in codons 10 [TCT--&gt;TCC (Ser)], 87 [GCG--&gt;GCC (Ala)], 243 [CGC--&gt;CGT (Arg)], 325 [CCC--&gt;CCG (Pro)], and 594 [ACA--&gt;ACG (Thr)].	Alanine	134-137	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	30-32
7729684-8	1995	Human p57KIP2 appears to have conserved the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains but has replaced the internal regions with sequences containing proline-alanine repeats.	Alanine	152-159	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1C	Homo sapiens	6-13
7533537-7	1995	Within amino-terminal residues 1-114, alanine 103 and leucine 104 are required for inhibition of t-PA and alpha 2M* binding.	Alanine	38-45	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	97-101
7876252-3	1995	The cytosol-to-membrane translocation was dependent on N-myristoylated p17 since cells expressing p17 with a Gly2--&gt;Ala mutation did not localize to the membrane.	Alanine	119-122	family with sequence similarity 72 member B	Homo sapiens	98-101
7883854-1	1995	GH-releasing peptide (GHRP-6; His-D Trp-Ala-Trp-D Phe-Lys-NH2) is a synthetic compound that releases GH in a specific and dose-related manner through mechanisms and a point of action that are mostly unknown but different from those of GHRH.	Alanine	40-43	growth hormone releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	235-239
7893724-6	1995	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change the conserved acidic residues (D/E) in these sequences to alanine residues in each of the four domains of bovine annexin IV, singly or in combinations.	Alanine	103-110	annexin A4	Bos taurus	158-168
7533789-4	1995	During infectious mononucleosis, IgM autoantibodies are generated to a protein, p542, which contains a glycine-rich 28-mer epitope cross-reactive with the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 through Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1"s glycine/alanine repeat.	Alanine	235-242	RALY heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein	Homo sapiens	80-84
7873552-1	1995	Yeast actin mutants with alanines replacing charged amino acid pairs D24/D25, E99/E100, D80/D81, and E83/K84 were studied to assess their role in interactions with myosin.	Alanine	25-33	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-11
7883976-2	1995	A polymorphism at codon 54 of FABP2 was identified that results in an alanine-encoding allele (frequency 0.71) and a threonine-encoding allele (frequency 0.29).	Alanine	70-77	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
7876136-4	1995	Fourteen invariant charged residues in the smaller catalytic mouse primase subunit, p49, were changed to alanine.	Alanine	105-112	DNA primase, p49 subunit	Mus musculus	84-87
7873552-8	1995	In the motility experiments reported here, actin filaments with alanines substituted at D24/D25 or E99/E100 moved in the presence of 0.7% methylcellulose at velocities similar to those of wild-type yeast actin.	Alanine	64-72	actin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
7852381-3	1995	Alanine mutant cDNAs encoding a secreted recombinant insulin receptor extracellular domain were expressed transiently in adenovirus transformed human embryonic kidney cells and the affinity of the expressed receptor for insulin was determined.	Alanine	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
7596346-1	1995	Intravenous administration of a single dose (100 micrograms/kg bw) of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, cachectin) to rats increased the rate of in vitro fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) from both glucose and alanine, without changes in the oxidation of these substrates to 14CO2.	Alanine	255-262	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
7596346-1	1995	Intravenous administration of a single dose (100 micrograms/kg bw) of recombinant tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF, cachectin) to rats increased the rate of in vitro fatty acid synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) from both glucose and alanine, without changes in the oxidation of these substrates to 14CO2.	Alanine	255-262	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
7852381-4	1995	Mutation of 14 amino acids located in four discontinuous peptide segments to alanine was disruptive of insulin binding: Segment 1, amino acids 12-15; Segment 2, amino acids 34-44; Segment 3, amino acids 64-67; and Segment 4, amino acids 89-91.	Alanine	77-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
7761625-1	1995	The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injection on jejunal L-alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in the rat was investigated.	Alanine	87-96	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	26-59
7761625-1	1995	The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) injection on jejunal L-alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in the rat was investigated.	Alanine	87-96	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
7761625-2	1995	Continuous intravenous VIP infusion (11.2 ng/kg per min) throughout the experimental period (160 min) produced 60% decrease in alanine absorption and 40% decrease in gastric acid secretion during the second hour of the experiment.	Alanine	127-134	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
7761626-8	1995	It can be suggested that NTS-DMN complex could be a site of action of VIP since injection of VIP in it produced a more pronounced inhibitory effect on water and Ala absorption than that produced by VIP injection in the LV.	Alanine	161-164	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
7761625-11	1995	It can be concluded that VIP inhibits alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in the rat and that these inhibitory effects might be partially mediated by the vagus nerve.	Alanine	38-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
7761626-8	1995	It can be suggested that NTS-DMN complex could be a site of action of VIP since injection of VIP in it produced a more pronounced inhibitory effect on water and Ala absorption than that produced by VIP injection in the LV.	Alanine	161-164	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7761626-8	1995	It can be suggested that NTS-DMN complex could be a site of action of VIP since injection of VIP in it produced a more pronounced inhibitory effect on water and Ala absorption than that produced by VIP injection in the LV.	Alanine	161-164	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7761626-0	1995	Effects of intracerebral injections of VIP on jejunal alanine absorption and gastric acid secretion in rats.	Alanine	54-61	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
7761626-2	1995	Intracerebroventricular injection of VIP (2 ng) decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) alanine absorption across the jejunum, whereas similar injections in vagotomized rats did not show further decrease in absorption beyond that noticed by vagotomy only.	Alanine	86-93	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
7761626-3	1995	Moreover, VIP injected in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius-Dorsal Motor Nucleus (NTS-DMN) complex (1 ng) produced also a significant inhibition of Ala absorption which was reduced but remained significant (P &lt; 0.05) after vagotomy.	Alanine	145-148	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
7769006-4	1995	To test if the predicted p34cdc2 phosphorylation sites are necessary for NuMA"s mitosis-specific interaction with the mitotic spindle, we have introduced mutations into the human NuMA cDNA that convert these predicted p34cdc2 phosphorylation sites from threonine or serine residues into alanine residues, and subsequently determined the cell cycle-dependent localization of these altered NuMA proteins following their expression in tissue culture cells.	Alanine	287-294	nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
7836439-4	1995	To identify regions that participate in these processes, a series of alanine mutations were generated in the three cytoplasmic loops of rhodopsin and transiently expressed in HEK-293 cells.	Alanine	69-76	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	136-145
7896081-3	1995	Oligonucleotide mediated site-directed mutagenesis of PIS at codon 114 revealed that mutant genes with codons for Ala, Thr and Leu could support yeast cell growth in vivo, but those for Asp, Lys and Tyr could not.	Alanine	114-117	CDP-diacylglycerol--inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase	Homo sapiens	54-57
7739264-7	1995	Since dysregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression, a multifunctional cytokine that is proving to be a major contributor to the acute phase response, occurs with advancing age in different animal species, the increased alanine transport across liver plasma membrane vesicles observed in old "normal" rats might be related to an increased IL-6 production, inducing an acute phase protein synthetic activity, in these animals.	Alanine	228-235	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	23-36
7829476-2	1995	To investigate the function of this motif, mutant constructs of the Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase were designed by site-directed mutagenesis, replacing 11 individual conserved amino acids with alanine.	Alanine	210-217	ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	97-114
7835719-3	1995	The sequence has transactivation-like motifs, an unusual Cys-Ser-Ala-rich motif and displays sequence similarity at the extreme C-terminal end with another Tis11 family member, ERF-1.	Alanine	65-68	eukaryotic translation termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	177-182
7851432-1	1995	Human serum albumin prepared by blood fractionation for clinical purposes was found to degrade when stored at or above 30 degree C. Mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing of the protein identified degradation corresponding to the loss of the first two residues, aspartic acid and alanine.	Alanine	285-292	albumin	Homo sapiens	12-19
7739264-7	1995	Since dysregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression, a multifunctional cytokine that is proving to be a major contributor to the acute phase response, occurs with advancing age in different animal species, the increased alanine transport across liver plasma membrane vesicles observed in old "normal" rats might be related to an increased IL-6 production, inducing an acute phase protein synthetic activity, in these animals.	Alanine	228-235	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
7739264-7	1995	Since dysregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression, a multifunctional cytokine that is proving to be a major contributor to the acute phase response, occurs with advancing age in different animal species, the increased alanine transport across liver plasma membrane vesicles observed in old "normal" rats might be related to an increased IL-6 production, inducing an acute phase protein synthetic activity, in these animals.	Alanine	228-235	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	347-351
7503681-6	1995	This triplet encodes alanine, which is the proposed N-terminal amino acid residue of the mature native coat protein.	Alanine	21-28	golgi phosphoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	103-115
7822320-2	1995	The cDNA for human P-glycoprotein-A52 in which codons for cysteines 137, 431, 717, 956, 1074, 1125, 1227, 1288, and 1304 were changed to Ala, was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and analyzed with respect to its ability to confer resistance to various drugs.	Alanine	137-140	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	19-33
7840623-8	1995	The delta ALA treatment resulted in 8 times more total CBS activity with a 3.5-fold higher yield of the purified recombinant enzyme, more than 68% saturated with heme.	Alanine	10-13	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	55-58
7736776-2	1995	The only difference in the coding sequence, between cluster-4 and CD24 antigens is the substitution of a single base pair leading to a substitution of Val by Ala near the putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchorage sites of the mature protein.	Alanine	158-161	CD24 molecule	Homo sapiens	66-70
7615398-2	1995	Both involve an alanine residue in the core peptide, namely Ala-->Val at position 111 (codon change in the alpha 2 gene; GCC->GTC; Hb Anamosa) and Ala-->Ser at position 123 (codon change in the alpha 1 gene; GCC-->TCC; Hb Mulhacen).	Alanine	16-23	glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	107-114
7729444-7	1995	The flux of the amino acids alanine and leucine decreased significantly from means of 0.91 (SD 0.21) to 0.62 (SD 0.14) mg.kg-1.min-1 and from 0.40 (SD 0.05) to 0.32 (SD 0.04) mg.kg-1.min-1, respectively.	Alanine	28-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-132
7729444-7	1995	The flux of the amino acids alanine and leucine decreased significantly from means of 0.91 (SD 0.21) to 0.62 (SD 0.14) mg.kg-1.min-1 and from 0.40 (SD 0.05) to 0.32 (SD 0.04) mg.kg-1.min-1, respectively.	Alanine	28-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	183-188
7615398-2	1995	Both involve an alanine residue in the core peptide, namely Ala-->Val at position 111 (codon change in the alpha 2 gene; GCC->GTC; Hb Anamosa) and Ala-->Ser at position 123 (codon change in the alpha 1 gene; GCC-->TCC; Hb Mulhacen).	Alanine	16-23	BCL2 related protein A1	Homo sapiens	194-201
7988726-5	1994	Here we report the effect of replacing Ala-46 with an argine residue, and A46R mutant, on binding of NADP+ to ADH and its catalytic efficiency with the NADP+ cofactor, and a modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the NAD(+)-binding region of ADH.	Alanine	39-42	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	110-113
8808011-3	1995	Long-term treatment with human recombinant growth hormone normalized plasma alanine, glutamine, and glutamic acid levels, increased the OH-Pro concentration, and did not alter the amino acid ratios of Gly/Val, Phe/Tyr, Ser/Gly, and Asn/Asp, but the Gln/Glu ratio approached the normal value.	Alanine	76-83	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	43-57
7885191-0	1995	Drosophila GABA-gated chloride channel: modified [3H]EBOB binding site associated with Ala--&gt;Ser or Gly mutants of Rdl subunit.	Alanine	87-90	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	118-121
7746155-4	1995	TIP1, TIR1 and TIR2 are rich in both serine and alanine residues and each contains serine-rich tandem repeats.	Alanine	48-55	putative GPI-anchored mannoprotein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-19
7773170-5	1995	Relative to phosphopeptide I, multiple Ala substitution throughout the N-terminal sequence, N-terminal sequence, N-terminal truncation, or dephosphorylation of pTyr each resulted in significantly decreased binding to PLC gamma-1 N/C SH2.	Alanine	39-42	phospholipase C gamma 1	Homo sapiens	217-228
7988726-5	1994	Here we report the effect of replacing Ala-46 with an argine residue, and A46R mutant, on binding of NADP+ to ADH and its catalytic efficiency with the NADP+ cofactor, and a modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the NAD(+)-binding region of ADH.	Alanine	39-42	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	250-253
7988726-8	1994	Our model of the 3D structure of the NAD(+)-binding region of ADH shows that Ala-46 is over 10 A from the ribose moiety of NAD+, which would suggest that there is little interaction between this residue and NAD+ and explain why its mutation to arginine has little effect on NAD+ binding.	Alanine	77-80	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	62-65
7981226-2	1994	In this study, the biochemical basis for the unusual specificity of renin was investigated by replacing individual amino acids in the octapeptide substrate of renin with Ala.	Alanine	170-173	renin	Homo sapiens	68-73
7981226-4	1994	Ala substitutions at the P1", P1, and P3 sites decreased the kcat/Km values by 400-700-fold.	Alanine	0-3	exosome component 10	Homo sapiens	25-40
7896089-12	1994	The contributions of individual phe--&gt;ala changes to mutant phenotypes support the idea of internal functional redundancy in the symmetrical calmodulin protein molecule.	Alanine	41-44	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	144-154
7798217-11	1994	Transfection assays of wild type and mutant Gal4-CREB fusion proteins in PC12 cells demonstrated that Ser--&gt;Ala substitution of residue 129 of CREB341 impairs the transcriptional response to cAMP induction.	Alanine	111-114	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
7961857-1	1994	The influence of proline on bending of the alpha-helix was investigated by replacement of the proline residue located in the middle of the long alpha-helix of the Fis protein with alanine, serine, or leucine.	Alanine	180-187	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554	Homo sapiens	163-166
7999125-2	1994	We expressed five cysteine mutants of hKGF in which the cysteines were cumulatively replaced with alanine or serine, starting with cysteine-1.	Alanine	98-105	fibroblast growth factor 7	Homo sapiens	38-42
16856311-7	1994	Lung polymorphonuclear cells were proportionally elevated in the TNF-treated, alanine-supplemented group compared with the other dietary groups treated with TNF.	Alanine	78-85	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
7538847-10	1994	For human IL-6, it would appear that interactions between residues Ala-180, Leu-181, and Met-184 and residues in the N-terminal region may be critical for maintaining the structure of the molecule; replacement of these residues with the corresponding 3 residues in mouse IL-6 correlated with a significant loss of alpha-helical content and a 200-fold reduction in activity in the mouse bioassay.	Alanine	67-70	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	10-14
7538848-1	1994	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis on human growth hormone (hGH) identified 5 primary determinants (Arg 8, Asn 12, Arg 16, Asp 112, and Asp 116) for binding to a monoclonal antibody (MAb 3) (Jin L, Fendly BM, Wells JA, 1992, J Mol Biol 226:851-865).	Alanine	0-7	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	38-52
7961819-4	1994	Processing of the 150-kDa P-glycoprotein to the 170-kDa mature form of the enzyme for all of the mutants, except Glu707--&gt;Ala and Tyr710--&gt;Ala, was dramatically increased when the cells were grown at 26 degrees C. At the lower growth temperature, the mature protein was targeted to the plasma membrane, and drug efflux activity was restored.	Alanine	125-128	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	26-40
7961819-4	1994	Processing of the 150-kDa P-glycoprotein to the 170-kDa mature form of the enzyme for all of the mutants, except Glu707--&gt;Ala and Tyr710--&gt;Ala, was dramatically increased when the cells were grown at 26 degrees C. At the lower growth temperature, the mature protein was targeted to the plasma membrane, and drug efflux activity was restored.	Alanine	145-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	26-40
7525569-4	1994	Here we confirm that Ala substitutions for these residues located on a hydrophilic helical face of TM-II basically eliminate substance P binding to the NK-1 receptor, provided that a radiolabeled non-peptide antagonist is used as radioligand.	Alanine	21-24	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	125-136
7998947-1	1994	Several amino acid residues (Cys54, Tyr155, His210, His213 and His221) at a putative catalytic site of human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	169-172	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	109-152
7918609-0	1994	Characterization of two new human apolipoprotein A-I variants: apolipoprotein A-I Tsushima (Trp-108--&gt;Arg) and A-I Hita (Ala-95--&gt;Asp).	Alanine	124-127	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	34-52
7966268-3	1994	Here, we report the striking effects of the mutation Arg196--&gt;Ala in GroEL on its kinetic and allosteric properties with respect to ATP.	Alanine	65-68	GroEL	Escherichia coli	72-77
7523193-1	1994	Site directed mutagenesis/charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the amino terminal portion of human ERK2 (from amino acids 1 to 150) purified as a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein (GST-ERK2) from E. coli has been done to determine regions/amino acids important for activation by rabbit skeletal muscle MAP kinase kinase (rMEK) and kinase activity towards myelin basic protein (MBP).	Alanine	37-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
7918609-4	1994	The second case, apo A-I Hita, revealed a residue 95 missense mutation (GCC--&gt;GAC, Ala--&gt;Asp) in exon 4.	Alanine	86-89	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	17-24
7918609-5	1994	The proband of apo A-I Hita was compound heterozygous with apo A-I (Ala-37--&gt;Thr).	Alanine	68-71	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	15-22
7918609-5	1994	The proband of apo A-I Hita was compound heterozygous with apo A-I (Ala-37--&gt;Thr).	Alanine	68-71	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	59-66
7850538-9	1994	RESULTS: TNF beta caused a 130% increase in gluconeogenesis from alanine (2.7 +/- 0.5 vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 nmol glucose/10(6) cells/min, TNF vs CTL), and a 60% increase from lactate (7.5 +/- 1.0 vs 4.6 +/- 0.5 nmol glucose/10(6) cells/min, TNF vs CTL).	Alanine	65-72	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
7521334-6	1994	Furthermore, substitution of a serine to alanine residue in a potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site in a central region of YCF1, which displays sequence similarity to the central regulatory domain of hCFTR, also rendered YCF1 nonfunctional.	Alanine	41-48	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	210-215
8041731-1	1994	The residue proposed to serve as the catalytic base for phosphoryl transfer, Asp-813, of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was mutated to Ala, and the mutant receptor (D813A) was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	Alanine	154-157	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	99-131
7935330-4	1994	Nearly all G protein-coupled receptors studied to date, including the GRP-R, possess two highly conserved amino acids that are important in mediating receptor-G protein coupling to second messengers, i.e., arginine in the proximal second intracellular loop and alanine in the distal third intracellular loop.	Alanine	261-268	gastrin releasing peptide receptor	Homo sapiens	70-75
7527461-26	1994	The location of alanine 302 in the sequence of the Rdl gene product supports a mechanism of action in which convulsants such as picrotoxin bind within the channel lumen, where they induce a rapid conformational change to the desensitized state.	Alanine	16-23	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	51-54
8034721-6	1994	When compared with wild type RAR-beta, mutation of either Arg269 or Lys220 singly to the small neutral amino acid Ala had only a small effect on both the EC50 value in all-trans-RA and 9-cis-RA transactivation assays and the apparent Kd for all-trans-RA.	Alanine	114-117	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	29-37
8034721-7	1994	However, mutation of both of these positively charged amino acids simultaneously to Ala caused a 500- and 100-fold elevation in the EC50 for all-trans-RA and 9-cis-RA, respectively, compared with that of wild type RAR-beta.	Alanine	84-87	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	214-222
8041764-5	1994	Replacement of His-150, the residue in hETB that is analogous in sequence to Tyr-129 of hETA, by either tyrosine or alanine does not affect the affinity of peptide ligands.	Alanine	116-123	endothelin receptor type B	Homo sapiens	39-43
8063750-8	1994	The two proteolipids differ at residue 21, which is an alanine in PMP1 and a serine in PMP2.	Alanine	55-62	proteolipid ATPase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	66-70
7982561-4	1994	In general, Adh genotypes with higher ADH activity exhibit a twofold difference in relative carbon flux from malate into lactate and alanine vs. alpha,alpha-trehalose compared to low ADH activity genotypes.	Alanine	133-140	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	12-15
7982561-4	1994	In general, Adh genotypes with higher ADH activity exhibit a twofold difference in relative carbon flux from malate into lactate and alanine vs. alpha,alpha-trehalose compared to low ADH activity genotypes.	Alanine	133-140	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	38-41
8028504-2	1994	IL-1 beta was ineffective at a concentration of 1 ng/mL, whereas TNF alpha (0.7 ng/mL) reduced the uptake of some of the main gluconeogenic amino acids (alanine, -55.3 +/- 4.9 v -72.9 +/- 13.7 nmol.min-1.g-1 in controls, P &lt; .05) without affecting urea synthesis.	Alanine	153-160	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
8037771-1	1994	Evidence for the involvement of four spatially clustered residues, Asp260(94), His261(95), Glu408(242) and Met409(243), in catalytic and spectral properties of human myeloperoxidase was provided by the analysis of site-directed mutants wherein these amino acids have been substituted by asparagine, alanine, glutamine and glutamine respectively.	Alanine	299-306	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	166-181
8033090-6	1994	Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of p53 (codon 143, Val to Ala) in transfectants of the radiosensitive human ovarian cell line A2780 abrogates the radiation-induced G1 arrest.	Alanine	67-70	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	44-47
8187068-2	1994	Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction-derived DNAs of 6 of 24 specimens revealed a codon 877 mutation (ACT--&gt;GCT, Thr--&gt;Ala) in the hormone-binding domain of the AR gene.	Alanine	139-142	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	181-183
8178481-2	1994	The threonine residue is a site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Jurkat T cells constitutively expressing the alanine variant of Nef exhibit the ability to downregulate the induction of transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1.	Alanine	118-125	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	137-140
7951249-0	1994	A frequent ala 4 to val superoxide dismutase-1 mutation is associated with a rapidly progressive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.	Alanine	11-14	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	24-46
8125347-0	1994	Sequence of the vanB and ddl genes encoding D-alanine:D-lactate and D-alanine:D-alanine ligases in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583.	Alanine	46-53	D-alanine--(R)-lactate ligase VanB	Enterococcus faecalis V583	16-20
8178481-1	1994	Human immunodeficiency virus isolates express a Nef protein with either an alanine or a threonine at amino acid residue 15.	Alanine	75-82	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	48-51
8152811-4	1994	We therefore introduced the pC53-SCX3 143 (Val-Ala) p53 mutation into a non tumorigenic adenoma derived cell line, AA/C1, which contained a truncating APC mutation, activating K-ras mutation but was wild-type for the p53 protein.	Alanine	47-50	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	52-55
7512951-4	1994	Wild-type or G2A mutant (mutation of glycine 2, the myristic acid acceptor site, to alanine) eNOS-transfected COS cells and bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were metabolically labeled with [3H]myristic acid for 5 h. The radiolabel was primarily incorporated into membrane-associated eNOS from wild-type transfected COS cells and cultured BAEC but not into the mutant eNOS from G2A-transfected COS cells.	Alanine	84-91	nitric oxide synthase 3	Bos taurus	93-97
8144650-5	1994	Alanine substitution for the positively charged residues in the C- and D-regions of IGF-1 led to 15- and 10-fold losses, respectively, in binding potency for the human IGF-1R, but they increased the potency of binding to the human IR 29- and 6-fold, respectively.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
7907325-7	1994	While most of these hydrophobic amino acids are beta-sheet formers, GroEL interacts also with the alpha-helix formers Glu, Ala, Gln, and His.	Alanine	123-126	GroEL	Escherichia coli	68-73
8175787-4	1994	Substitution of alanine for the conserved leucine, but not the conserved isoleucine, residue within the putative activation motif of CD8/Ig-beta destroyed signaling ability.	Alanine	16-23	complement component 5a receptor 1	Mus musculus	133-144
8171030-0	1994	Structure and function in rhodopsin: replacement by alanine of cysteine residues 110 and 187, components of a conserved disulfide bond in rhodopsin, affects the light-activated metarhodopsin II state.	Alanine	52-59	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	26-35
8171030-0	1994	Structure and function in rhodopsin: replacement by alanine of cysteine residues 110 and 187, components of a conserved disulfide bond in rhodopsin, affects the light-activated metarhodopsin II state.	Alanine	52-59	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	138-147
8171030-2	1994	We have replaced these two cysteine residues by alanine residues and now report on the properties of the resulting rhodopsin mutants.	Alanine	48-55	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	115-124
8163493-8	1994	Substitution by alanine for any of the three submembrane tyrosines increased the ED50 to &gt; 56,000 receptors/cell, decreased the slope (Kic), and had a variable effect on Vmax in the presence of increasing unlabeled IGF-1.	Alanine	16-23	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
8120035-8	1994	Furthermore, recombinant vWF with Gly or Ala at all three positions induces platelet aggregation in the presence of ristocetin and binds to platelet glycoprotein Ib, factor VIII, and collagen in a manner similar to wild-type recombinant vWF.	Alanine	41-44	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
7509807-8	1994	The compound has 230- and 10-fold reduced affinity for mutant NK-1 receptors in which histidine 265 or histidine 197, respectively, are replaced with alanine.	Alanine	150-157	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
8120012-4	1994	The cleavage site of the signal sequence in nodulin-24 was determined to be between Ala (A25) and Arg (R26) by microsequencing of the [3H]leucine-labeled processed peptide.	Alanine	84-87	nodulin-24	Glycine max	44-54
8310294-2	1994	Examination of 14 temperature-sensitive yeast mutants bearing one or more phenylalanine to alanine substitutions in the single essential calmodulin gene of yeast (CMD1) revealed diverse essential functions.	Alanine	80-87	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	137-147
8208305-9	1994	In addition to glutamate and aspartate, alanine levels were decreased by GABA-T inhibitors but not valproate in several regions.	Alanine	40-47	4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
8310294-2	1994	Examination of 14 temperature-sensitive yeast mutants bearing one or more phenylalanine to alanine substitutions in the single essential calmodulin gene of yeast (CMD1) revealed diverse essential functions.	Alanine	80-87	calmodulin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	163-167
8289785-5	1994	Both Gly and Ala, substituted at PET54 position 244, disrupted the two-hybrid interactions with PET122 and PET494.	Alanine	13-16	Pet54p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-38
7517253-5	1994	The deduced hUWC polypeptide is composed of 269 amino acid residues with a single amino acid variant from CHIP28 protein at position 45, where valine replaces alanine.	Alanine	159-166	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-112
8289785-6	1994	While Ala at PET54 position 244 caused only a modest respiratory phenotype alone, it caused a severe respiratory defect when combined with a cold-sensitive mitochondrial mutation affecting the COX3 mRNA 5" leader.	Alanine	6-9	Pet54p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-18
7752561-6	1994	PKC regulation in transiently transfected HeLa cells was abolished by alanine replacement of the serine/threonine residues in the consensus phosphorylation sites of the linker region of Pgp.	Alanine	70-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	186-189
7514011-7	1994	Finally, in these cells, the phosphorylation of the endogenous PKC substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), was slightly increased during several days, suggesting an involvement of PKC in the bFGF and IGF-I-induced differentiation.	Alanine	92-99	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	218-222
8267578-4	1993	Alanine is the only naturally occurring substitution for tryptophan at this position in mammalian cytochromes P450 and is present in the electron pathway proposed on the basis of the crystal structure of cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	204-216
8190022-1	1994	The in vitro effect of a hypoglycaemic fragment of human growth hormone containing the sequence H2N-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Phe-Asu11-Asn-Ala-COOH (Asu11-hGH 6-13) on tyrosine kinase of rat hepatic insulin receptors was examined.	Alanine	130-133	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	57-71
8165632-0	1994	Expression and characterization of clustered charge-to-alanine mutants of low M(r) single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator.	Alanine	55-62	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	96-132
7937349-1	1994	A systematic approach to map the functional important determinants of endothelin-1 (ET) by an alanine scan is described.	Alanine	94-101	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	70-82
8267578-4	1993	Alanine is the only naturally occurring substitution for tryptophan at this position in mammalian cytochromes P450 and is present in the electron pathway proposed on the basis of the crystal structure of cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	221-233
8245475-10	1993	If the ELR sequence of IL-8 was substituted with alanines or if the carboxyl terminus distal to C50 was replaced with the MGSA sequence, a reduction occurred in binding competition.	Alanine	49-57	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	23-27
8269950-0	1993	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of human erythropoietin identifies four amino acids which are critical for biological activity.	Alanine	0-7	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	38-52
7504171-7	1993	All of the phosphopeptides which bind to the Src SH2 domain contain a glutamic acid at position -3 or -4 with respect to phosphotyrosine; changing this residue to alanine greatly diminishes binding.	Alanine	163-170	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	45-48
8274427-4	1993	An amino acid substitution alanine-596--&gt;threonine in the D-box of the androgen receptor was detected in 3 and 2 brothers, respectively.	Alanine	27-34	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	74-91
8248148-6	1993	Cleavage at the 2/3 site was abolished by alanine substitutions for NS2 residues His-952 or Cys-993 but was unaffected by several other substitution mutations, including those that inactivate NS3 serine proteinase function.	Alanine	42-49	NS2	Homo sapiens	68-71
8246999-0	1993	A mutant androgen receptor from patients with Reifenstein syndrome: identification of the function of a conserved alanine residue in the D box of steroid receptors.	Alanine	114-121	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	9-26
8246999-7	1993	Exchanging alanine 596 in the wild-type androgen receptor with serine or valine produced mutants with properties indistinguishable from those of the naturally occurring threonine 596 mutant receptor.	Alanine	11-18	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	40-57
8246999-8	1993	These results indicate that an alanine residue at position 596 contributes important structural and functional activities to the androgen receptor.	Alanine	31-38	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	129-146
8246999-9	1993	In the androgen receptor from the patients with Reifenstein syndrome, in which this alanine is converted to a threonine, wild-type receptor properties can be restored by exchanging an additional threonine at position 602 to an alanine.	Alanine	84-91	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	7-24
8246999-10	1993	An alanine residue at position 596 or 602 in the DNA binding domain of the androgen receptor is therefore important for the full function of this receptor.	Alanine	3-10	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	75-92
8246999-11	1993	In all steroid receptors that bind the core sequence AGAACANNNTGTTCT, an alanine residue is also present at a position equivalent to alanine 596 in the androgen receptor.	Alanine	73-80	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	152-169
8246999-11	1993	In all steroid receptors that bind the core sequence AGAACANNNTGTTCT, an alanine residue is also present at a position equivalent to alanine 596 in the androgen receptor.	Alanine	133-140	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	152-169
8406999-8	1993	Transfection of a mutant p53 gene construct (containing a mutation at codon 143, val to ala) into the A2780/cp70 resistant cells conferred a significantly increased sensitivity to cisplatin, suggesting that p53 is a direct determinant of cisplatin resistance in these cells.	Alanine	88-91	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	25-28
8238476-4	1993	Alanine transport, measured separately by systems A and ASC, was lower in Kv1.5-expressing cells, indicating that the expression of this channel modified the Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport of both systems.	Alanine	0-7	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	56-59
8238476-4	1993	Alanine transport, measured separately by systems A and ASC, was lower in Kv1.5-expressing cells, indicating that the expression of this channel modified the Na(+)-dependent amino acid transport of both systems.	Alanine	0-7	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	74-79
8238476-7	1993	Blocking of the Kv1.5 channel by 60 microM quinidine negated the effects of Kv1.5 expression on intracellular volume, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and Na(+)-dependent alanine transport.	Alanine	157-164	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	16-21
8238476-7	1993	Blocking of the Kv1.5 channel by 60 microM quinidine negated the effects of Kv1.5 expression on intracellular volume, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and Na(+)-dependent alanine transport.	Alanine	157-164	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	76-81
8238476-8	1993	These results indicate that delayed rectifier channels such as Kv1.5 can play a key role in the control of cell membrane potential, cell volume, Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, and electrogenic alanine transport across the plasma membrane of electrically unexcitable cells.	Alanine	190-197	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	63-68
8134308-5	1993	The previously observed inhibition is shown to be dependent on cleavage of the Ala-Phe bond in the inhibitor by endopeptidase 24.11 (enkephalinase, EC 3.4.24.11), a contaminant of some ACE preparations.	Alanine	79-82	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
8406999-8	1993	Transfection of a mutant p53 gene construct (containing a mutation at codon 143, val to ala) into the A2780/cp70 resistant cells conferred a significantly increased sensitivity to cisplatin, suggesting that p53 is a direct determinant of cisplatin resistance in these cells.	Alanine	88-91	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	207-210
8103045-4	1993	To identify this key residue, we systematically mutated to Ala all acidic residues present on the ligand accessible surface of IL-8 receptor type A.	Alanine	59-62	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	127-131
8216289-1	1993	The human androgen receptor gene in the androgen sensitive prostate tumor cell line (LNCaP) contains a point mutation in codon 868 resulting in the substitution of threonine by alanine.	Alanine	177-184	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	10-27
8402653-5	1993	The proline at position 140 in mammalian AGTs is replaced by alanine in the Ada and yeast AGTs and by serine in the Ogt AGT.	Alanine	61-68	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	41-44
8399219-2	1993	Proteinase K, subtilisin, pronase E, elastase, bactotrypsin, and thermolysin are all shown here to cleave native mitochondrial creatine kinase from chicken heart (Mib-CK) very specifically at a single site, either before or after Ala-323.	Alanine	230-233	creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2	Gallus gallus	163-169
8399219-3	1993	In analogy with hen egg ovalbumin, where the same proteases all cleaved the polypeptide chain very specifically around Ala-352, Ala-323 of Mib-CK may be located in an exposed surface loop that is sensitive to protease attack.	Alanine	119-122	creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2	Gallus gallus	139-145
8399219-3	1993	In analogy with hen egg ovalbumin, where the same proteases all cleaved the polypeptide chain very specifically around Ala-352, Ala-323 of Mib-CK may be located in an exposed surface loop that is sensitive to protease attack.	Alanine	128-131	creatine kinase, mitochondrial 2	Gallus gallus	139-145
8407999-5	1993	Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the mouse glucocorticoid receptor cDNA, we have substituted alanine or aspartate for the residues phosphorylated in this ligand-dependent transcription factor.	Alanine	106-113	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	56-79
8370681-5	1993	The novel defect found changes the last codon of the AVP signal peptide from alanine to threonine, which should perturb cleavage of mature AVP from its precursor protein and inhibit its secretion or action.	Alanine	77-84	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	53-56
8370681-5	1993	The novel defect found changes the last codon of the AVP signal peptide from alanine to threonine, which should perturb cleavage of mature AVP from its precursor protein and inhibit its secretion or action.	Alanine	77-84	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	139-142
8375242-4	1993	RESULTS: Ala administration raised plasma glucagon (P = 0.0219), C-peptide (P = 0.0014), and insulin (P = 0.0094), with no significant change in plasma glucose, in nondiabetic subjects.	Alanine	9-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
8344413-4	1993	Cathepsin B prefers large hydrophobic residues in the P1" position of a substrate while cathepsin L has an opposite trend, favoring amino acids with small (Ala, Ser) or long but non-branched (Asn, Gln, Lys) side chains.	Alanine	156-159	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	88-99
8356803-0	1993	An immune-selected point mutation in the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HXB2-Env:Ala 582(--&gt;Thr)) decreases viral neutralization by monoclonal antibodies to the CD4-binding site.	Alanine	112-115	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	195-198
8338132-4	1993	Concomitant with formation of microvillous membrane and syncytium, system ASC activity decreased from 16.1 +/- 2.8 pmol.mg DNA-1.min-1 at 24 h to 2.4 +/- 1.1 pmol.mg DNA-1.min-1 at 72 h. Na(+)-independent alanine uptake increased from 6.0 +/- 2.0 to 12.9 +/- 0.9 pmol.mg DNA-1.min-1 at 24 and 72 h, respectively.	Alanine	205-212	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	74-77
7901757-2	1993	In a previous report, we mutated alanine 623 of the third cytoplasmic loop (residues 605-625) of the TSHR and showed it was critical for TSH and Graves" IgG initiation of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) but not cAMP signaling.	Alanine	33-40	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
8300408-7	1993	The new DRB1 sequence is similar to DRB1*1101, differing at codon 47 (TAC[Tyr]/TTC[Phe]) and at codon 58 (GCC[Ala]/GAG[Glu]).	Alanine	110-113	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
8300408-7	1993	The new DRB1 sequence is similar to DRB1*1101, differing at codon 47 (TAC[Tyr]/TTC[Phe]) and at codon 58 (GCC[Ala]/GAG[Glu]).	Alanine	110-113	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
8336738-2	1993	Charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of Cdc2 was used previously to localize cyclin A- and B- and Suc1-binding sites (B. Ducommun, P. Brambilla, and G. Draetta, Mol.	Alanine	11-18	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	80-88
8503009-3	1993	The mechanism of action of L-692,429 and studies with peptidyl and nonpeptidyl antagonists suggest that this molecule is a mimic of the growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6).	Alanine	183-186	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	136-150
8405887-3	1993	The predicted amino acid sequence of the A-chain of hummingbird insulin is identical to that of chickens and the B-chain differs by only one amino acid at a noncritical position, B2 (Val in hummingbird and Ala in chicken).	Alanine	206-209	insulin	Gallus gallus	64-71
8123256-2	1993	The replacement of Gly(-1) and Leu(-2) with Pro(-1) and Ala(-2) or Val(-2), respectively, resulted in the complete shift of the cleavage site from position -1 to -2 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).	Alanine	56-59	threonine aldolase GLY1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-25
7920995-2	1993	Recently, a new GH-releasing hexapeptide (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2) called GHRP-6 which specifically releases GH has been studied.	Alanine	52-55	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	16-18
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	144-147	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	165-168	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
8100709-6	1993	The results show that: (1) SLPI and its reactive-site variants have no or minimal inhibitory activity against proteinase-3; (2) native SLPI does not complex with proteinase-3; (3) proteinase-3 selectively degrades both native and oxidized SLPI; (4) the cleavage of SLPI by proteinase-3 occurs at the peptide bond COOH-terminal to Ala-16 in the NH2-terminal domain of SLPI.	Alanine	330-333	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	135-139
8100709-6	1993	The results show that: (1) SLPI and its reactive-site variants have no or minimal inhibitory activity against proteinase-3; (2) native SLPI does not complex with proteinase-3; (3) proteinase-3 selectively degrades both native and oxidized SLPI; (4) the cleavage of SLPI by proteinase-3 occurs at the peptide bond COOH-terminal to Ala-16 in the NH2-terminal domain of SLPI.	Alanine	330-333	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	135-139
8100709-6	1993	The results show that: (1) SLPI and its reactive-site variants have no or minimal inhibitory activity against proteinase-3; (2) native SLPI does not complex with proteinase-3; (3) proteinase-3 selectively degrades both native and oxidized SLPI; (4) the cleavage of SLPI by proteinase-3 occurs at the peptide bond COOH-terminal to Ala-16 in the NH2-terminal domain of SLPI.	Alanine	330-333	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	135-139
8100709-6	1993	The results show that: (1) SLPI and its reactive-site variants have no or minimal inhibitory activity against proteinase-3; (2) native SLPI does not complex with proteinase-3; (3) proteinase-3 selectively degrades both native and oxidized SLPI; (4) the cleavage of SLPI by proteinase-3 occurs at the peptide bond COOH-terminal to Ala-16 in the NH2-terminal domain of SLPI.	Alanine	330-333	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	135-139
8318901-7	1993	Similarly, the high Km value of the EGFR pY peptide (Km of 104 microM) derives largely from the arginine residue at the +2 position of the peptide, since arginine to alanine single mutation at the -2 position of the EGFR peptide decreased the Km value 34-fold to 3 microM.	Alanine	166-173	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	36-40
8512321-0	1993	A novel polymorphism of human serum amyloid A protein, SAA1 gamma, is characterized by alanines at both residues 52 and 57.	Alanine	87-95	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	30-53
8512321-0	1993	A novel polymorphism of human serum amyloid A protein, SAA1 gamma, is characterized by alanines at both residues 52 and 57.	Alanine	87-95	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	55-59
8512321-2	1993	The molecular weight of the novel SAA determined by ion-spray mass spectrometry appeared 28 amu lower in mass than the known SAA1 subsets, indicating that the substitution of a valine residue by an alanine was present.	Alanine	198-205	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	34-37
8512321-2	1993	The molecular weight of the novel SAA determined by ion-spray mass spectrometry appeared 28 amu lower in mass than the known SAA1 subsets, indicating that the substitution of a valine residue by an alanine was present.	Alanine	198-205	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	125-129
8512321-3	1993	Further analyses by the combination of liquid chromatography/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry, and amino acid analysis revealed that this novel SAA, designated SAA1 gamma, has alanines at both residues 52 and 57 while the two known SAA1 subsets have a valine at either residue 52 or 57.	Alanine	235-243	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	203-206
8512321-3	1993	Further analyses by the combination of liquid chromatography/fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry, and amino acid analysis revealed that this novel SAA, designated SAA1 gamma, has alanines at both residues 52 and 57 while the two known SAA1 subsets have a valine at either residue 52 or 57.	Alanine	235-243	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	219-223
8501121-4	1993	Substitution of Gln and Ala at positions 774 and 777 of the alpha 1(I) chain for Pro resulted in the formation of short fibronectin fibrils similar to what was observed in untransfected Mov13 cells.	Alanine	24-27	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	120-131
8502477-8	1993	Expression of p53-Ala-37 in stably transformed T98G cells blocked progression of the cells into S phase as well as did the expression of wild-type p53.	Alanine	18-21	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	14-17
8502477-8	1993	Expression of p53-Ala-37 in stably transformed T98G cells blocked progression of the cells into S phase as well as did the expression of wild-type p53.	Alanine	18-21	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	147-150
8502477-10	1993	Several cell clones transformed with the mutant p53-Ala-15 gene expressed normal levels of p53 mRNA but accumulated little or no detectable p53 protein.	Alanine	52-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	48-51
8502477-10	1993	Several cell clones transformed with the mutant p53-Ala-15 gene expressed normal levels of p53 mRNA but accumulated little or no detectable p53 protein.	Alanine	52-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	91-94
8502477-10	1993	Several cell clones transformed with the mutant p53-Ala-15 gene expressed normal levels of p53 mRNA but accumulated little or no detectable p53 protein.	Alanine	52-55	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	91-94
8514868-2	1993	The mutation predicts an amino acid substitution of Thr (ACG) for Ala (GCG) at the COOH terminus of the signal peptide in preprovasopression (preproVP).	Alanine	66-69	glucagon	Homo sapiens	71-74
8389464-5	1993	In a second transfection, CAT-expressing PC3 cells received cDNA encoding a mutant u-PA (Ser356--&gt;Ala) which lacks enzymatic activity but which retains full receptor binding affinity.	Alanine	101-104	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	83-87
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	35-38	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
8387525-2	1993	Unresponsiveness could also be induced in murine cells overexpressing murine IFN gamma receptor mutants that either lack 39 COOH-terminal amino acids or contain an alanine substitution for a functionally critical tyrosine.	Alanine	164-171	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	77-86
8389256-6	1993	The p53 point mutations in the three HCC cell lines from Japan resulted in the amino acid changes of cysteine for tyrosine in cell line HuH 7 at codon 220 (A:T--&gt;G:C), alanine for glycine in cell line HLF at codon 244 (G:C--&gt;C:G), and serine for arginine in cell line HLE at codon 249 (G:C--&gt;C:G).	Alanine	171-178	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	4-7
8320042-1	1993	[Ala1,3,11,15]-Endothelin-1, a linear analogue of endothelin-1 in which alanines replace the cystine residues, has been prepared by solid-phase synthesis in approximately 17% yield.	Alanine	72-80	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	15-27
8320042-1	1993	[Ala1,3,11,15]-Endothelin-1, a linear analogue of endothelin-1 in which alanines replace the cystine residues, has been prepared by solid-phase synthesis in approximately 17% yield.	Alanine	72-80	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	50-62
8486713-7	1993	Moreover, when site-directed mutagenesis was introduced to change the presumed active-site cysteine of p94 to serine or alanine, the mutated p94 proteins were highly expressed like the IS2-deleted mutants.	Alanine	120-127	calpain 3	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
8489244-4	1993	We show His 151 is essential for cleavage of heme, as substitution of alanine for this residue by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in expression of an inactive protein with immunoreactivity toward antibody to rat HO-2.	Alanine	70-77	heme oxygenase 2	Rattus norvegicus	215-219
8316251-6	1993	Intracellular phosphorylation of insulin-responsive substrate-I by these mutant IGF-IRs paralleled the observed IGF-I suppression of GH, with no phosphorylation of IRS-I by 950Tyr--&gt;Ala. Ligand-mediated receptor internalization, however, was not reduced by substitution of either 943Tyr--&gt;Ala or 950Tyr--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	185-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
8316251-6	1993	Intracellular phosphorylation of insulin-responsive substrate-I by these mutant IGF-IRs paralleled the observed IGF-I suppression of GH, with no phosphorylation of IRS-I by 950Tyr--&gt;Ala. Ligand-mediated receptor internalization, however, was not reduced by substitution of either 943Tyr--&gt;Ala or 950Tyr--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	295-298	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
8316251-7	1993	In contrast, substitution of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala reduced the internalization of labeled IGF-I to 35% that of wild-type IGF-IR.	Alanine	41-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
8466313-0	1993	Growth hormone after abdominal surgery attenuated forearm glutamine, alanine, 3-methylhistidine, and total amino acid efflux in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.	Alanine	69-76	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
8510658-7	1993	The nia1-1 mutation is a single nucleotide substitution that converts an alanine to a threonine in a highly conserved region of the molybdenum cofactor-binding domain of the NR protein.	Alanine	73-80	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
8510658-7	1993	The nia1-1 mutation is a single nucleotide substitution that converts an alanine to a threonine in a highly conserved region of the molybdenum cofactor-binding domain of the NR protein.	Alanine	73-80	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	174-176
8498155-7	1993	The results demonstrate that the substitution of nucleotide (guanine--&gt;cytosine) in exon G of the androgen receptor causes the replacement of an amino acid in position 820 (glycine--&gt;alanine) which occurs in the hormone-binding domain of the androgen receptor.	Alanine	189-196	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	101-118
8498155-7	1993	The results demonstrate that the substitution of nucleotide (guanine--&gt;cytosine) in exon G of the androgen receptor causes the replacement of an amino acid in position 820 (glycine--&gt;alanine) which occurs in the hormone-binding domain of the androgen receptor.	Alanine	189-196	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	248-265
8381415-12	1993	Thus, rapid alanine-scanning mutagenesis of TME has identified 22 critical residues in the region comprising EGF4-6, which is essential for thrombin binding and protein C activation by the thrombin-TM complex.	Alanine	12-19	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	189-197
7679099-8	1993	These effects were severely decreased in clones expressing human IGF-I receptors in which the lysine residue in the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain had been mutated to alanine or arginine.	Alanine	183-190	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
8448185-0	1993	Hemoglobin Ozieri: a new alpha-chain variant (alpha 71(E20)Ala--&gt;Val).	Alanine	59-62	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	25-36
8435065-1	1993	Hyperosmolarity induced an increase in Na(+)-dependent L-alanine uptake in confluent monolayers of the established renal epithelial cell line NBL-1.	Alanine	55-64	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	142-147
8424516-5	1993	These results suggest that administration of glucose stimulated insulin secretion and resulted in accumulation of the substrates such as pyruvate and alanine which were utilized readily in the body.	Alanine	150-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
8424645-3	1993	In the present study, GST-P mutants whose cysteine residues were independently substituted with alanine (C14A, C47A, C101A, and C169A) by site-directed mutagenesis were used to identify the cysteine residues responsible for the disulfide bond formation.	Alanine	96-103	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
8443337-4	1993	The three systems that have been chosen for characterization are: (1) Ace-(Ala)12-Thr-Pro-(Ala)10-NHMe, (2) Ace-(Ala)13-Pro-Ala-Thr-(Ala)8-NHMe and (3) Ace-(Ala)13-Pro-(Ala)3-Thr-(Ala)6-NHMe.	Alanine	75-78	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	70-73
8443337-4	1993	The three systems that have been chosen for characterization are: (1) Ace-(Ala)12-Thr-Pro-(Ala)10-NHMe, (2) Ace-(Ala)13-Pro-Ala-Thr-(Ala)8-NHMe and (3) Ace-(Ala)13-Pro-(Ala)3-Thr-(Ala)6-NHMe.	Alanine	91-94	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	70-73
8432860-7	1993	Net negative balances of alanine, methionine, glycine, threonine and asparagine (typical substrates for system A amino acid transport) also were decreased by insulin, whereas serine (another substrate for system A transport) shifted from a zero balance to net uptake.	Alanine	25-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
8095302-5	1993	This codes for a variant alanine (GCG) as well as the normal valine (GTG), indicating that the proband is heterozygous for the substitution.	Alanine	25-32	glucagon	Homo sapiens	34-37
8423776-7	1993	Alanine substitutions in both TPLH repeats of SWI6 reduce its activity but do not affect the stability of the protein or its association with SWI4.	Alanine	0-7	transcriptional regulator SWI6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
8380163-0	1993	Mutagenesis of the amino-terminal glycine to alanine in Gs alpha subunit alters beta gamma-dependent properties and decreases adenylylcyclase activation.	Alanine	45-52	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	56-64
1465386-5	1992	By mutating each individual residue within this sequence to alanine, three residues (Tyr-440, Asp-441, and His-444) were identified as being critical for IFN-gamma-dependent (i) upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, (ii) activation of the IFN regulatory factor 1 gene, and (iii) stimulation of cells to produce nitric oxide.	Alanine	60-67	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	154-163
1425575-5	1992	Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of two modified LAP tail peptides, in which the single tyrosine was substituted either by phenylalanine or by alanine, revealed that the tendency to form a beta turn is reduced by 25% in the phenylalanine-containing peptide and by approximately 50% in the alanine-containing mutant peptide.	Alanine	129-136	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	187-193
1338568-3	1992	cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases are activated relatively specifically by cAMP and cGMP, respectively; and a single alanine-threonine difference between cAMP- and cGMP-binding domains partially accounts for this specificity.	Alanine	124-131	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-5
1338568-3	1992	cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases are activated relatively specifically by cAMP and cGMP, respectively; and a single alanine-threonine difference between cAMP- and cGMP-binding domains partially accounts for this specificity.	Alanine	124-131	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	161-166
1425575-5	1992	Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of two modified LAP tail peptides, in which the single tyrosine was substituted either by phenylalanine or by alanine, revealed that the tendency to form a beta turn is reduced by 25% in the phenylalanine-containing peptide and by approximately 50% in the alanine-containing mutant peptide.	Alanine	143-150	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	187-193
1446688-3	1992	To obtain homogeneous IL-6, Pro at -1 was exchanged for Ala by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	56-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	22-26
1491695-1	1992	We have previously identified cysteine 530 in the human estrogen receptor (ER) as the major site of attachment for covalently binding affinity ligands and have shown that when this cysteine is mutated to alanine (C530A mutant), the affinity ligand [tamoxifen aziridine (TAZ)] can still bind covalently to the ER, presumably by interaction with a different cysteine(s) in the hormone-binding domain (HBD).	Alanine	204-211	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	56-73
1491695-1	1992	We have previously identified cysteine 530 in the human estrogen receptor (ER) as the major site of attachment for covalently binding affinity ligands and have shown that when this cysteine is mutated to alanine (C530A mutant), the affinity ligand [tamoxifen aziridine (TAZ)] can still bind covalently to the ER, presumably by interaction with a different cysteine(s) in the hormone-binding domain (HBD).	Alanine	204-211	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-77
1491695-1	1992	We have previously identified cysteine 530 in the human estrogen receptor (ER) as the major site of attachment for covalently binding affinity ligands and have shown that when this cysteine is mutated to alanine (C530A mutant), the affinity ligand [tamoxifen aziridine (TAZ)] can still bind covalently to the ER, presumably by interaction with a different cysteine(s) in the hormone-binding domain (HBD).	Alanine	204-211	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	309-311
1426313-6	1992	CONCLUSION: The subsequent alanine to threonine amino acid conversion may have resulted in a configurational change of the androgen receptor protein leading to complete androgen insensitivity.	Alanine	27-34	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	123-140
16653139-1	1992	The effects of glycine, alanine, serine, and various phosphorylated metabolites on the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase from Zea mays and Crassula argentea were studied.	Alanine	24-31	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	120-123
1328207-1	1992	A methionine aminopeptidase that specifically removes methionine residues from peptides with amino-terminal sequences of Met-Ala-, Met-Val-, Met-Ser-, Met-Gly-, and Met-Pro- but not Met-Leu- or Met-Lys- has been isolated to homogeneity from porcine liver by a procedure involving five chromatographic steps.	Alanine	125-128	aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-27
1426258-3	1992	Peptides Ala-783-Lys-799 and Ala-783-Arg-798 inhibited calmodulin independent MLCK at the same potency as the peptide Ala-783-Gly-804.	Alanine	9-12	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	55-65
1416988-8	1992	Comparison of different synthetic peptide substrates showed Pim-1 to have a strong substrate preference for the peptide Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser*-Gly-Pro with an almost sixfold higher specificity constant kcat/Km over that of the substrate Kemptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser*-Leu-Gly).	Alanine	132-135	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Bos taurus	60-65
1416988-8	1992	Comparison of different synthetic peptide substrates showed Pim-1 to have a strong substrate preference for the peptide Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser*-Gly-Pro with an almost sixfold higher specificity constant kcat/Km over that of the substrate Kemptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser*-Leu-Gly).	Alanine	257-260	Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Bos taurus	60-65
1456952-2	1992	Single L-alanine substitutions at positions 14, 17, 20 and 21 and the corresponding D-amino acid substitutions at positions 14 and 16-21 resulted in remarkable decreases in ETB binding activity.	Alanine	7-16	endothelin receptor type B	Homo sapiens	173-176
1400874-2	1992	Since the response of the liver to insulin-induced hypoglycemia normally involves activation of gluconeogenesis, we measured [14C]alanine conversion to [14C]glucose (a qualitative index of gluconeogenesis) and glucose production (using [3-3H]glucose) in seven intensively treated type I diabetic subjects (hemoglobin-A1, 7.1 +/- 0.4%) during low dose infusion of insulin (0.3 mU/kg.min for 210 min).	Alanine	130-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
1517212-2	1992	Evidence for the involvement of Ser-203, His-447, and Glu-334 in the catalytic triad of human acetylcholinesterase was provided by substitution of these amino acids by alanine residues.	Alanine	168-175	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	94-114
1466808-3	1992	Using conformational energy analysis based on ECEPP (Empirical Conformational Energies for Polypeptides Program), we have determined the preferred three dimensional structures for this tridecapeptide sequence for the human wild-type p53 protein and four cancer-related mutant p53 proteins (Ala 245, Ile 246, Trp 248, Ser 249).	Alanine	290-293	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	233-236
1466808-3	1992	Using conformational energy analysis based on ECEPP (Empirical Conformational Energies for Polypeptides Program), we have determined the preferred three dimensional structures for this tridecapeptide sequence for the human wild-type p53 protein and four cancer-related mutant p53 proteins (Ala 245, Ile 246, Trp 248, Ser 249).	Alanine	290-293	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	276-279
1390633-1	1992	A residue essential for proper closure of the active-site loop in the reaction catalyzed by triosephosphate isomerase is tyrosine-208, the hydroxyl group of which forms a hydrogen bond with the amide nitrogen of alanine-176, a component of the loop.	Alanine	212-219	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	92-117
1435787-0	1992	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human prolactin: importance of the 58-74 region for bioactivity.	Alanine	0-7	prolactin	Homo sapiens	38-47
1379790-4	1992	Unlike human apo C-I, mature rat apo C-I contains histidine, lacks valine, and has alanine at the C terminus and aspartate as the N terminus.	Alanine	83-90	apolipoprotein C1	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
1629626-2	1992	Purified human skin MC-CPA displayed more activity than did bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase A (CPA) against carboxyl-terminal leucine residues, about equal activity with phenylalanine and tyrosine residues, and no activity with tryptophan or alanine.	Alanine	179-186	carboxypeptidase A3	Homo sapiens	20-26
1509263-2	1992	In two unrelated Dutch families, a mutation in Pit-1 that altered an alanine in the first putative alpha helix of the POU-specific domain to proline was observed.	Alanine	69-76	POU class 1 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
1325119-6	1992	IGF-I (100 pM-100 nM) stimulated the incorporation of radiolabeled alanine as a measure for total protein synthesis, 3H-labeled thymidine incorporation into DNA, and glycogen synthesis at 20 and 1% O2 in a concentration-dependent fashion.	Alanine	67-74	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
1450522-2	1992	The sequence -Thr-Pro-Ala-Pro-Lys-, as found in p53 protein, was also phosphorylated by this enzyme, but less efficiently than in the sequence described above.	Alanine	22-25	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	48-51
1504007-4	1992	This revealed two mutations within the coding sequences: one of which results in a Leu----His substitution at residue 93 and another which encodes a Ser----Ala substitution at residue 224 of the human CBG polypeptide.	Alanine	156-159	serpin family A member 6	Homo sapiens	201-204
1320581-9	1992	Plasma alanine levels increased approximately 53% by 0.75 hr after ACTH treatment, were still approximately 15% greater than the initial levels by 12 hr, rose again after the second ACTH infusion at 12 hr, and then declined to near the control levels by 96 hr.	Alanine	7-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	67-71
1321046-18	1992	The random polymer of Glu, Lys, Ala, Tyr (2:5:6:1), which was not phosphorylated by the EGF-R kinase, dramatically activates autophosphorylation of the EGF-R.	Alanine	32-35	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	152-157
1320581-9	1992	Plasma alanine levels increased approximately 53% by 0.75 hr after ACTH treatment, were still approximately 15% greater than the initial levels by 12 hr, rose again after the second ACTH infusion at 12 hr, and then declined to near the control levels by 96 hr.	Alanine	7-14	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	182-186
1377696-4	1992	Between the FNIII-like repeats and the plasma membrane spanning region neurofascin contains a domain 75-amino acid residues-long rich in proline, alanine and threonine which might be the target of extensive O-linked glycosylation.	Alanine	146-153	neurofascin	Gallus gallus	71-82
1385391-9	1992	An oligopeptide containing the sequence around Thr-19 of bovine myelin basic protein, Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ala-Ser-Thr(19)-Met-Asp-His-Ala, can be used as a substrate for selective assaying of the yeast PKC.	Alanine	98-101	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	64-84
1385391-9	1992	An oligopeptide containing the sequence around Thr-19 of bovine myelin basic protein, Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ala-Ser-Thr(19)-Met-Asp-His-Ala, can be used as a substrate for selective assaying of the yeast PKC.	Alanine	106-109	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	64-84
1385391-9	1992	An oligopeptide containing the sequence around Thr-19 of bovine myelin basic protein, Lys-Tyr-Leu-Ala-Ser-Ala-Ser-Thr(19)-Met-Asp-His-Ala, can be used as a substrate for selective assaying of the yeast PKC.	Alanine	106-109	myelin basic protein	Bos taurus	64-84
24193026-4	1992	In the IL-1 treated group, a reduction in flux was observed for only three AA, alanine, phenylalanine and serine.	Alanine	79-86	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	7-11
1377744-8	1992	The absolute increase in ceruloplasmin in response to TNF was enhanced in rats fed the alanine-supplemented diet relative to those fed the 20% casein diet.	Alanine	87-94	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
1598912-10	1992	The mutation is a guanine-to-adenine transition at nucleotide 2314, which changes the alanine codon (GCC) immediately after the first cysteine of the second zinc finger motif of the AR into a threonine codon (ACC).	Alanine	86-93	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	182-184
1600837-4	1992	Stimulation of PDH by DCA increases peripheral oxidation of alanine and lactate, thereby interrupting the Cori and alanine cycles and reducing the availability of three-carbon precursors for gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	60-67	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
1600837-4	1992	Stimulation of PDH by DCA increases peripheral oxidation of alanine and lactate, thereby interrupting the Cori and alanine cycles and reducing the availability of three-carbon precursors for gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	115-122	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
1313021-0	1992	Alanine scanning mutagenesis and functional analysis of the fibronectin-like collagen-binding domain from human 92-kDa type IV collagenase.	Alanine	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-71
16668920-4	1992	HHRGP contains Ala-Hyp(3) and Ala-Hyp(4) repeats that may be related to the classical dicot Ser-Hyp(4) extensin motif by the single T --&gt; G (Ser --&gt; Ala) base change.	Alanine	15-18	Protein PYRICULARIA ORYZAE RESISTANCE 21	Zea mays	103-111
16668920-5	1992	Furthermore, HHRGP also contains the repetitive motif Ala-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-His-Phe-Pro-Ser-Hyp-Hyp related to the Ser-Hyp(4)-Ser-Hyp-Ser-Hyp(4) motif of P3-type dicot extensin.	Alanine	54-57	Protein PYRICULARIA ORYZAE RESISTANCE 21	Zea mays	162-170
1581311-7	1992	Replacement of Thr4 of hirudin by serine and alanine suggested that both the gamma-methyl and the hydroxyl group of the threonine were important in the stabilization of the thrombin-hirudin complex.	Alanine	45-52	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	173-181
1559983-8	1992	Finally, substitution of the WS motif with alanine residues precludes high affinity binding to ovine PRL and human GH and suggests that this structural element may provide a target site for the interaction of an accessory protein necessary for the formation of a high-affinity receptor complex.	Alanine	43-50	prolactin	Homo sapiens	101-104
1542004-7	1992	In the postabsorptive state, the EIE-apoB:EIE-plasma ratio rose significantly compared with the fed state (alanine 0.38; lysine 0.73; leucine 0.94; phenylalanine 1.05).	Alanine	107-114	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	37-41
1540595-1	1992	Previous studies from this laboratory have described that LNCaP prostate tumor cells contain an androgen receptor (AR) with a point mutation in the steroid-binding domain (codon 868, Thr to Ala).	Alanine	190-193	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	96-113
1540595-1	1992	Previous studies from this laboratory have described that LNCaP prostate tumor cells contain an androgen receptor (AR) with a point mutation in the steroid-binding domain (codon 868, Thr to Ala).	Alanine	190-193	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	115-117
1542004-8	1992	Plasma PYR and apoB-alanine were in isotopic equilibrium irrespective of nutritional state.	Alanine	20-27	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	15-19
1309762-6	1992	Mutation of Ser1046/7 by replacement with Ala residues blocks desensitization of the EGF receptor protein-tyrosine kinase activity.	Alanine	42-45	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	85-97
1312697-5	1992	A mutant L-myc protein in which these serines have been replaced by alanine residues does not show heterogeneous electrophoretic migration or hyperphosphorylation in response to PKC activation, and is not a substrate for GSK-3 beta in vitro.	Alanine	68-75	MYCL proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	9-14
1737795-2	1992	A glycine to alanine substitution yielded RADS-vWF, while an aspartate to glutamate substitution resulted in RGES-vWF.	Alanine	13-20	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
1720555-1	1991	The polypeptide encoded by a clone designated B2 consisted of 512 amino acids and was characterized by a 24-amino acid hydrophobic leader sequence, two regions with absolute identity to the vertebrate PDI active site (Ala-Pro-Trp-Cys-Gly-His-Cys-Lys), and a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu).	Alanine	218-221	protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2	Homo sapiens	201-204
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Alanine	190-197	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-53
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Alanine	190-197	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	55-58
1316115-4	1992	Degradation of MeHg and EtHg with the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H2O2-chloride system was inhibited by MPO inhibitors (cyanide and azide), catalase, hypochlorous acid (HOCI) scavengers (glycine, alanine, serine and taurine), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane and 2,5-dimethylfuran, but not by hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol).	Alanine	190-197	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	98-101
1371492-4	1992	We used the peptide Trp-Thr-Val-Pro-Thr-Ala, WTVPTA (deduced from the complementary nucleotide sequence to that which codes for the Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD, domain in fibronectin), to test the immunologic activity of ITP sera.	Alanine	40-43	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	160-171
1731964-4	1992	DNA sequence analysis of a second cDNA (containing the complete protein coding sequence) indicates that it represents a cor gene, designated cor6.6, that encodes an alanine-rich 6.6 kDa hydrophilic polypeptide.	Alanine	165-172	stress-responsive protein (KIN2) / stress-induced protein (KIN2) / cold-responsive protein (COR6.6) / cold-regulated protein (COR6.6)	Arabidopsis thaliana	141-147
1719555-4	1991	Synthetic peptides of this region of strains RF and CDC4 are also recognized by E7.20 despite a nonconservative Thr----Val or Thr----Ala change at amino acid 777; however, an MN peptide, which has four amino acid substitutions, was not reactive.	Alanine	133-136	F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7	Homo sapiens	52-56
1656069-8	1991	Finally, mutagenesis of the predicted phosphorylation site on UL34 in the viral genome, and specifically the substitution of threonine or serine with alanine in the product of the UL34 gene, yielded phosphoproteins whose electrophoretic mobilities could not be differentiated from that of the US3- mutant.	Alanine	150-157	nuclear egress membrane protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	180-184
1939157-2	1991	Two forms of MGP were isolated from demineralization and urea extracts of bovine cortical bone, one 79 residues in length with the COOH terminus Phe-Arg-Gln and the other 83 residues in length with the COOH terminus Phe-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Gly-Ala.	Alanine	240-243	matrix Gla protein	Bos taurus	13-16
1928099-6	1991	This residue occurs within a very highly conserved hydrophilic loop, is invariantly alanine or glycine in all ND1 proteins, and is adjacent to an invariant aspartic acid residue.	Alanine	84-91	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
1656069-8	1991	Finally, mutagenesis of the predicted phosphorylation site on UL34 in the viral genome, and specifically the substitution of threonine or serine with alanine in the product of the UL34 gene, yielded phosphoproteins whose electrophoretic mobilities could not be differentiated from that of the US3- mutant.	Alanine	150-157	serine/threonine protein kinase US3	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	293-296
1918013-1	1991	In order to identify residues required for the binding of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to its receptor, mutants were constructed in which clusters of charged amino acids were systematically replaced with alanine along the entire IL-8 sequence.	Alanine	196-203	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	58-71
1918013-1	1991	In order to identify residues required for the binding of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to its receptor, mutants were constructed in which clusters of charged amino acids were systematically replaced with alanine along the entire IL-8 sequence.	Alanine	196-203	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	73-77
1911389-13	1991	The present results with antithrombin Glasgow II suggest that all the alanine residues at the base of the reactive site loop in positions P12-10 may be important for the formation of a stabilized inhibitor-thrombin complex.	Alanine	70-77	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	29-37
1716370-4	1991	Unlike peptides related to Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val that bind to the fibrinogen receptor, this peptide binds to fibrinogen.	Alanine	67-70	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	112-122
1716370-4	1991	Unlike peptides related to Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and His-His-Leu-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-Gln-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val that bind to the fibrinogen receptor, this peptide binds to fibrinogen.	Alanine	67-70	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	155-165
1716370-6	1991	The resulting peptide (Glu-His-Ile-Pro-Ala) has the characteristics of a fibrinogen binding site mimic: It binds fibrinogen and inhibits both the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and platelet aggregation.	Alanine	39-42	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	73-83
1716370-6	1991	The resulting peptide (Glu-His-Ile-Pro-Ala) has the characteristics of a fibrinogen binding site mimic: It binds fibrinogen and inhibits both the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and platelet aggregation.	Alanine	39-42	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	113-123
1716370-6	1991	The resulting peptide (Glu-His-Ile-Pro-Ala) has the characteristics of a fibrinogen binding site mimic: It binds fibrinogen and inhibits both the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and platelet aggregation.	Alanine	39-42	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	113-123
1908472-5	1991	By sequencing mutant troponin-I cDNAs we demonstrate that the molecular basis for muscle degeneration in heldup2 is conversion of an invariant alanine residue to valine.	Alanine	143-150	wings up A	Drosophila melanogaster	21-31
1908472-5	1991	By sequencing mutant troponin-I cDNAs we demonstrate that the molecular basis for muscle degeneration in heldup2 is conversion of an invariant alanine residue to valine.	Alanine	143-150	wings up A	Drosophila melanogaster	105-112
1713692-6	1991	Mutants of CD4 expressing amino acids with distinct physicochemical properties at positions Arg-54, Ala-55, Asp-56, and Ser-57 in V1, the first extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, have been generated and studied qualitatively and quantitatively for interaction with HLA class II antigens, for membrane expression, for the integrity of CD4 epitopes recognized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies, and for gp120 binding.	Alanine	100-103	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	11-14
1650387-13	1991	Intradermal injections of [Ala-IL-8]77 or [Ser-IL-8]72 induced dose-dependent PMN accumulation, which also was significantly reduced by i.v.	Alanine	27-30	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	31-35
1923529-5	1991	Chicken JunD contains stretches of oligoglycines, alanines and prolines, possibly acting as hinges that connect functionally distinct domains of the protein.	Alanine	50-58	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Gallus gallus	8-12
1832843-6	1991	The deduced amino acid sequence of rat PGAM-B was identical to that of human PGAM-B except for only one substitution at position 251 near the carboxyl terminus (valine for the rat and alanine for the human).	Alanine	184-191	phosphoglycerate mutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
2052609-1	1991	Stable transformants of the Jurkat T-cell line have been obtained that express either of two distinct forms of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus nef gene: the nef-1-encoded protein (Nef-1) contains alanine, glycine, and valine at positions 15, 29, and 33, respectively; the protein specified by nef-2 (Nef-2) has threonine, arginine, and alanine at the corresponding positions.	Alanine	204-211	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	188-191
2051232-3	1991	Alanine, hydroxyproline and lysine also increased plasma GIP, but insulin concentrations were unchanged.	Alanine	0-7	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	57-60
2053279-5	1991	This putative autokinase activity was higher in NEF proteins containing threonine at position 15 than in those carrying alanine at that position.	Alanine	120-127	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	48-51
1930731-2	1991	In the mutated apo AI minigene (mutant M1) the positions of the triplets of Gln(-2)-Gln-1 at the C-terminus of the prosequence were exchanged against Gln(-8)-Ala-7, the recognition site of the signal peptidase of the wild type human apo AI.	Alanine	158-161	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	15-21
1938100-3	1991	Substitution of the Arg residue occupying position 2 of [Sar1,Ile8]ANG II (pA2 8.1) by Gly, Ala, Nle, Phe, Pro or Sar reduced the antagonist potency to pA2 = 7.0, 6.8, 6.7, 6.8, 5.8 and 5.3, respectively.	Alanine	92-95	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
2026586-5	1991	The N-terminal amino acid sequence, Arg-Ala-Pro-Lys-Glu-Val-Pro-Leu-, is different from the N-terminal sequence of any other cytochrome P-450s so far reported.	Alanine	40-43	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-141
2040307-1	1991	To investigate the mechanism of disulfide-bond-coupled de novo folding of human lysozyme, we have constructed 23 mutant enzymes in which cysteine residue(s) were replaced by alanine(s).	Alanine	174-181	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	80-88
2026596-2	1991	Insulin stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in cells that expressed normal insulin receptors (RAT 1 HIRc, and CHO-WT and CHO-T cells), or receptors in which lysine 1018 in the ATP-binding site of the tyrosine kinase domain was exchanged for alanine (RAT 1 A/K1018 and CHO-mut cells).	Alanine	248-255	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2052362-10	1991	A mutant p53 with a ser 389 to ala exchange was not phosphorylated in vitro by the p53 associated protein kinase.	Alanine	31-34	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	9-12
1680182-1	1991	Aminopeptidase activity associated with human buccal tissue and primary cultures of hamster buccal epithelium homogenates was assayed fluorometrically using 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides of leucine, alanine, and arginine.	Alanine	196-203	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	0-14
1848854-4	1991	The introduction of alanine residues substituted into the VIP molecule is utilized to probe for side-chain functional groups that are crucial for eliciting high receptor binding affinity in vitro and high biological potency in vivo.	Alanine	20-27	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	58-61
1923929-1	1991	To determine the role of consecutive amino acid residues in the immunoreactivity of the shortest active fragment of PRP, a series of analogs substituted by L-alanine in successive positions of the peptide chain was synthesized.	Alanine	156-165	prion protein	Homo sapiens	116-119
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	CD3 delta subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	159-168
1674365-8	1991	Two differences were found in the c-met coding region with respect to the published human c-met cDNA: (1) the lack of 54 nucleotides corresponding to a stretch of 18 amino acids located in the extracellular domain of the receptor, and (2) the substitution of the codon specifying alanine 1209 (located in the tyrosine kinase domain) with one coding for glycine.	Alanine	280-287	MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	34-39
2045450-3	1991	Microsequence analysis showed that both proteins have the same N-terminal sequence Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Glu-Asp-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Phe..., which is identical with that of (1-146) bFGF extracted from human brain.	Alanine	87-90	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	175-179
1672854-2	1991	Four mutants of the human cap binding protein (hCBP), in which Trp-102, Glu-103, Asp-104 or Glu-105 was changed to the aliphatic Leu or Ala, were prepared, and their cap binding abilities were examined.	Alanine	136-139	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	47-51
1706595-0	1991	Endogenous cleavage of the Arg-379-Ala-380 bond in vitronectin results in a distinct conformational change which "buries" Ser-378, its site of phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Activation of blood platelets by thrombin was previously shown to specifically release protein kinase A, which in human plasma singles out and phosphorylates one protein, identified as vitronectin.	Alanine	35-38	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	213-221
1999487-7	1991	Chymotrypsin cleaves 31-kD IL-1 beta at Tyr 113-Val 114, generating an 18-kD IL-1 species with activity equivalent to the authentic mature IL-1 beta (NH2-terminal Ala 117).	Alanine	163-166	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-36
1999487-7	1991	Chymotrypsin cleaves 31-kD IL-1 beta at Tyr 113-Val 114, generating an 18-kD IL-1 species with activity equivalent to the authentic mature IL-1 beta (NH2-terminal Ala 117).	Alanine	163-166	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	139-148
1999487-9	1991	Monocytes contain an IL-1 convertase enzyme that cleaves the IL-1 beta promolecule at Ala 117.	Alanine	86-89	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	21-25
1999487-9	1991	Monocytes contain an IL-1 convertase enzyme that cleaves the IL-1 beta promolecule at Ala 117.	Alanine	86-89	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	61-70
2009965-0	1991	Effect of alanine insertion (P"5) on the reactive centre of alpha 1-antitrypsin.	Alanine	10-17	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	60-79
2009236-0	1991	Blood coagulation abnormalities during adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (r-Met Hu IL-2 [ala 125]).	Alanine	97-100	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	67-80
2009236-3	1991	We have studied coagulation parameters in 6 patients treated with r-Met Hu IL-2 [ala-125].	Alanine	81-84	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
2009236-7	1991	Our data suggest that r-Met Hu IL-2 [ala-125] could interfere with the hepatic synthesis of the clotting factors and their inhibitors.	Alanine	37-40	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
1703398-11	1990	Edman protein sequencing of the first 20 amino acid residues at the NH2 terminus of the expressed protein indicated that the expressed DT-diaphorase is not blocked at the NH2 terminus and has an alanine as the first amino acid.	Alanine	195-202	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-148
1668832-2	1991	The gene for the androgen receptor (AR) in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP has a single-base mutation that produces a threonine to alanine change in the androgen-binding domain.	Alanine	160-167	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	17-34
1668832-2	1991	The gene for the androgen receptor (AR) in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP has a single-base mutation that produces a threonine to alanine change in the androgen-binding domain.	Alanine	160-167	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	36-38
2285596-8	1990	Sequence analysis showed that the androgen receptor gene from LNCaP cells contains a point mutation in the region encoding the steroid-binding domain, which confers an ACT codon encoding a threonine residue to GCT, encoding alanine.	Alanine	224-231	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	34-51
2026461-8	1991	DRB1*04.EC is identical to DRB1*04.CB except at codon 74 where GAG encodes glutamic acid instead of GCG encoding alanine.	Alanine	113-120	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
1958538-8	1991	Sequence analysis of the androgen receptor in human LNCaP-cells (lymph node carcinoma of the prostate) revealed a point mutation (A----G) in codon 868 in exon 8 resulting in the substitution of threonine by alanine.	Alanine	207-214	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	25-42
2243383-10	1990	This hypothesis was supported by cell-free translation of mutant L1R transcripts in which the penultimate glycine codon had been altered by site-directed mutagenesis to encode either an aspartic acid (pL1D1) or alanine (pL1A1) residue.	Alanine	211-218	IMV membrane protein	Vaccinia virus	65-68
2240206-2	1990	Forearm alanine and lactate fractional extraction averaged 37 +/- 3 and 27 +/- 2%, respectively; muscle alanine release (2.94 +/- 0.27 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 70% of its systemic appearance (4.18 +/- 0.31 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle lactate release (5.51 +/- 0.42 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 40% of its systemic appearance (12.66 +/- 0.77 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle alanine and lactate uptake (1.60 +/- 0.7 and 3.29 +/- 0.36 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 30% of their overall disappearance from plasma, whereas alanine and lactate incorporation into plasma glucose (1.83 +/- 0.20 and 4.24 +/- 0.44 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 50% of their disappearance from plasma.	Alanine	104-111	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-159
2257621-3	1990	Accordingly, we expressed in L cells mutant uvomorulin with a replacement of Asp to Lys or Ala.	Alanine	91-94	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	44-54
2087550-0	1990	Cloning of DNA fragments containing alanine tRNA sequences from a spider genome.	Alanine	36-43	mitochondrially encoded tRNA glycine	Homo sapiens	44-48
2240206-2	1990	Forearm alanine and lactate fractional extraction averaged 37 +/- 3 and 27 +/- 2%, respectively; muscle alanine release (2.94 +/- 0.27 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 70% of its systemic appearance (4.18 +/- 0.31 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle lactate release (5.51 +/- 0.42 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 40% of its systemic appearance (12.66 +/- 0.77 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle alanine and lactate uptake (1.60 +/- 0.7 and 3.29 +/- 0.36 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 30% of their overall disappearance from plasma, whereas alanine and lactate incorporation into plasma glucose (1.83 +/- 0.20 and 4.24 +/- 0.44 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 50% of their disappearance from plasma.	Alanine	104-111	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-159
2240206-2	1990	Forearm alanine and lactate fractional extraction averaged 37 +/- 3 and 27 +/- 2%, respectively; muscle alanine release (2.94 +/- 0.27 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 70% of its systemic appearance (4.18 +/- 0.31 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle lactate release (5.51 +/- 0.42 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) accounted for approximately 40% of its systemic appearance (12.66 +/- 0.77 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1); muscle alanine and lactate uptake (1.60 +/- 0.7 and 3.29 +/- 0.36 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 30% of their overall disappearance from plasma, whereas alanine and lactate incorporation into plasma glucose (1.83 +/- 0.20 and 4.24 +/- 0.44 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1, respectively) accounted for approximately 50% of their disappearance from plasma.	Alanine	104-111	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-159
2211623-1	1990	We have studied the specificity requirements for processing of the human insulin proreceptor by successively replacing each basic amino acid in the tetrabasic cleavage site with alanine.	Alanine	178-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
2212672-4	1990	The IL-8 isolated from each of these cell types is a mixture of two IL-8 polypeptides, one consisting of 72 amino acids (herein called [ser-IL-8]72) and the other 77 amino acids (an N-terminal extended form herein called [ala-IL-8]77).	Alanine	222-225	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	4-8
2212672-7	1990	Thrombin was found to efficiently convert [ala-IL-8]77 to [ser-IL-8]72.	Alanine	43-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
2212672-7	1990	Thrombin was found to efficiently convert [ala-IL-8]77 to [ser-IL-8]72.	Alanine	43-46	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	47-51
2212672-7	1990	Thrombin was found to efficiently convert [ala-IL-8]77 to [ser-IL-8]72.	Alanine	43-46	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	63-67
2212672-9	1990	In competitive binding assays using 125I[ala-IL-8]77 neutrophils exhibited a twofold preference for [ser-IL-8]72 over [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	41-44	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	45-49
2212672-9	1990	In competitive binding assays using 125I[ala-IL-8]77 neutrophils exhibited a twofold preference for [ser-IL-8]72 over [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	41-44	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
2212672-9	1990	In competitive binding assays using 125I[ala-IL-8]77 neutrophils exhibited a twofold preference for [ser-IL-8]72 over [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	41-44	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	105-109
2212672-11	1990	However, [ser-IL-8]72 was approximately 10-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77 in these assays (ED50 approximately 0.3 nM for [ser-IL-8]72 vs approximately 3 nM for [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	66-69	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	70-74
2212672-11	1990	However, [ser-IL-8]72 was approximately 10-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77 in these assays (ED50 approximately 0.3 nM for [ser-IL-8]72 vs approximately 3 nM for [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	66-69	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	70-74
2212672-11	1990	However, [ser-IL-8]72 was approximately 10-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77 in these assays (ED50 approximately 0.3 nM for [ser-IL-8]72 vs approximately 3 nM for [ala-IL-8]77.	Alanine	66-69	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	70-74
2212672-12	1990	Both forms of IL-8 promoted degranulation of cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils [[ser-IL-8]72 (ED50 greater than 10 nM) was two- to three-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77], although in this regard they were less active than FMLP.	Alanine	51-54	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	14-18
2212672-12	1990	Both forms of IL-8 promoted degranulation of cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils [[ser-IL-8]72 (ED50 greater than 10 nM) was two- to three-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77], although in this regard they were less active than FMLP.	Alanine	51-54	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	86-90
2212672-12	1990	Both forms of IL-8 promoted degranulation of cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils [[ser-IL-8]72 (ED50 greater than 10 nM) was two- to three-fold more potent than [ala-IL-8]77], although in this regard they were less active than FMLP.	Alanine	51-54	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	86-90
2212672-13	1990	Our data suggest that [ala-IL-8]77 and [ser-IL-8]72 have qualitatively similar and potentially complex biological activities, and that full activation of IL-8 requires cleavage to the [ser-IL-8]72 form.	Alanine	23-26	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	27-31
2389764-7	1990	ALAS activity for control was 204 +/- 33 pM ALA formed/4 X 10(6) cells/hr, whereas ALAS activity from AZT-treated animals was only 60 +/- 3 pM ALA formed/4 x 10(6) cells/hr.	Alanine	44-47	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
1698903-2	1990	After incubation of the synthesized octapeptide (Leu-Ser-Thr-Thr-Glu-Val-Ala-Met) from the N-amino terminus of glycophorin A, with anti-N antibody, there was significant inhibition of the agglutination of the N-positive cells.	Alanine	73-76	glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-124
2168397-0	1990	A naturally occurring mutation of insulin receptor alanine 1134 impairs tyrosine kinase function and is associated with dominantly inherited insulin resistance.	Alanine	51-58	insulin	Cricetulus griseus	34-41
2284201-4	1990	The amino acid sequence of the peptide, Ala-Leu-Asn-Ser-Val-Ala-Tyr-Glu-Arg-Ser-Ala-Met-Gln-Asn-Tyr-Glu, indicates identity with beta-preprotachykinin(111-126)-peptide.	Alanine	40-43	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	134-150
2285992-1	1990	Two analogs of thymosin beta 4 the N-terminal acetyl groups of which were substituted by Ala or D-Ala, were synthesized by the solution method and studied for their immunological effect on the impaired blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes isolated from uremic patients after treatment of human serum.	Alanine	89-92	thymosin beta 4 X-linked	Homo sapiens	15-30
2165498-5	1990	Elastase-digested thrombin, which was cleaved between Ala-150 and Asn-151, lost its binding affinity for both MT-6 and thrombomodulin.	Alanine	54-57	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	18-26
2217136-0	1990	Increased biological activity of a recombinant factor IX variant carrying alanine at position +1.	Alanine	74-81	coagulation factor IX	Homo sapiens	47-56
2172221-1	1990	Although Cys-14 (human numbering) of cytochrome c was conserved during its molecular evolution and it is supposed to be essential for most cytochromes c to retain heme c via two thioether bonds, a site-directedly mutated human cytochrome c which has an alanine residue at this position and only one thioether bond through Cys-17 turns out to be functional.	Alanine	253-260	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	37-49
2172221-1	1990	Although Cys-14 (human numbering) of cytochrome c was conserved during its molecular evolution and it is supposed to be essential for most cytochromes c to retain heme c via two thioether bonds, a site-directedly mutated human cytochrome c which has an alanine residue at this position and only one thioether bond through Cys-17 turns out to be functional.	Alanine	253-260	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	227-239
2191958-6	1990	For the inhibition of C1s, a double mutant having Arg358 and a Pro----Ala mutation at P2 (position 357) was required.	Alanine	70-73	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	22-25
2114171-10	1990	Similarly, harmaline noncompetitively inhibits L-alanine uptake by the Na(+)-dependent system ASC in human erythrocytes, but it appears to compete for binding with L-alanine"s cosubstrate, Na+.	Alanine	47-56	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	94-97
2191958-7	1990	This double modification was made because C1-inhibitor, the natural inhibitor of C1s, has Arg and Ala residues at positions P1 and P2.	Alanine	98-101	complement C1s	Homo sapiens	81-84
2191958-8	1990	Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, the natural inhibitor of t-PA, also has Arg and Ala residues at positions P1 and P2.	Alanine	83-86	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	60-64
2113769-4	1990	Under conditions of insulin stimulation, 49 +/- 5% of leg glucose uptake was stored, 37 +/- 4% was oxidized, and 14 +/- 2% was released as lactate and alanine.	Alanine	151-158	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
2328722-5	1990	The residues homologous to the proposed receptor binding site of insulin (Ser18, Met19, Val21, Asp23) were substituted by Ala.	Alanine	122-125	insulin	Gallus gallus	65-72
1970711-6	1990	Both epinephrine and insulin caused a generalized decline in all plasma AA except alanine.	Alanine	82-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
2193199-10	1990	A substantial uptake of glucose was achieved and a more positive myocardial balance was obtained for alanine, lactate, and pyruvate with insulin.	Alanine	101-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
2321008-2	1990	The complementary DNA for hPRL was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and mutated to introduce sequentially those substitutions from hGH that were predicted by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and other studies to be most critical for binding to the hGH receptor from human liver.	Alanine	164-171	prolactin	Homo sapiens	26-30
2182911-1	1990	The structural requirements for proteolytic cleavage of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env gene product, gp160, to gp120 and gp41 have been assessed by specific mutagenesis of the sequence Lys Ala Lys Arg Arg Val Val Glu Arg Glu Lys Arg located between amino acids 500 and 511, i.e., at the putative C terminus of gp120.	Alanine	202-205	endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope	Homo sapiens	96-99
1690736-5	1990	By analyzing a CNBr fragment of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex that reacts with the antibody we localized the epitope for the antibody to a strongly hydrophobic residue 382-386 peptide segment, Ala-Ala-Ala-Ser-Thr, of the inhibitor, which is also contiguous with a hydrophobic amino acid Ala at its carboxyl terminus.	Alanine	201-204	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	36-44
2107098-3	1990	This quantum mechanical study of models for the active sites of pepsins, human renin and retroviral aspartic proteases demonstrates that the replacements of Thr-218 from pepsins by Ala in human renin and of both Ser-35 and Thr-218 by alanines in retroviral proteases increases the proton affinity and modulates the charge distribution of those active sites compared to the pepsins.	Alanine	181-184	renin	Homo sapiens	79-84
2107098-3	1990	This quantum mechanical study of models for the active sites of pepsins, human renin and retroviral aspartic proteases demonstrates that the replacements of Thr-218 from pepsins by Ala in human renin and of both Ser-35 and Thr-218 by alanines in retroviral proteases increases the proton affinity and modulates the charge distribution of those active sites compared to the pepsins.	Alanine	181-184	renin	Homo sapiens	194-199
2105948-5	1990	In order to test the hypothesis that the phosphorylation of the EGF receptor is mechanistically related to the modulation of EGF receptor function, we replaced the major sites of serine and threonine phosphorylation with alanine residues.	Alanine	221-228	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	64-76
2104831-1	1990	Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have changed the asparagine in human single-chain urinary plasminogen activator (u-PA) at position 302 to an alanine.	Alanine	145-152	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	117-121
2105930-3	1990	To avoid this difficulty, we used a recombinant mutant of t-PA, S478A rt-PA, in which alanine has been substituted for the active-site serine.	Alanine	86-93	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	58-62
2319262-3	1990	Interleukin-2 (recombinant methionyl human interleukin-2 alanine 125; IL-2) was administered intralymphatically to 12 patients with advanced cancer in a phase I trial.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	0-13
2208578-2	1990	We studied the pharmacokinetics of recombinant methionyl human interleukin-2 alanine (r-met-Hu IL-2 [ala 125]) given at high doses by i.v.	Alanine	77-84	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	63-76
2405708-3	1990	When media pH was altered by modifying PCO2 levels, the response of ammonia and alanine production by rocked culture was identical to the changes observed with metabolic acid-base maneuvers.	Alanine	80-87	PCO2	Sus scrofa	39-43
2182048-1	1990	Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and N-terminally extended Met-Glu-Ala-Glu-IL-1 beta (MEAE-IL-1 beta) were cloned and expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	65-68	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	73-82
2182048-1	1990	Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and N-terminally extended Met-Glu-Ala-Glu-IL-1 beta (MEAE-IL-1 beta) were cloned and expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	65-68	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	73-82
2208578-2	1990	We studied the pharmacokinetics of recombinant methionyl human interleukin-2 alanine (r-met-Hu IL-2 [ala 125]) given at high doses by i.v.	Alanine	77-80	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	63-76
2262079-4	1990	An A-G substitution in the other clone resulted in a Thr-Ala substitution in the region encoding the biologically active carboxyl-terminal portion of gastrin.	Alanine	57-60	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	150-157
2104582-6	1990	The data also suggest that the reduction in alanine in BCAA-enriched amino-acid TPN assists in the lowering of plasma lactate secondary to abnormal septic glucose metabolism.	Alanine	44-51	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	55-59
2351778-0	1990	Haemodynamic effects induced by intravenous administration of high doses of r-Met Hu IL-2 [ala-125] in patients with advanced cancer.	Alanine	91-94	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
2351778-1	1990	We analyzed the haemodynamic effects of high doses of r-Met Hu IL-2 [ala-125] in four patients with advanced cancer.	Alanine	69-72	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
20508139-5	2010	The snc4-1D mutation changes an alanine to threonine in the predicted cytoplasmic kinase domain.	Alanine	32-39	suppressor of npr1-1 constitutive 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
33031436-4	2020	After the identification of a conserved AGO1-binding GW/WG motif in potyviral HCPros, we used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a tryptophan-to-alanine change into the HCPro (HCProAG) of PVA (PVAAG) and turnip mosaic virus (TuMVAG).	Alanine	149-156	argonaute RISC component 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
34813875-4	2022	In this study, we present evidence that alanine substitution for residues N318, V319, C320, R321, and I323 of P48 disrupted the association with Ac93.	Alanine	40-47	interferon regulatory factor 9	Homo sapiens	110-113
11502203-1	2001	We localized the epitopes for several murine mAbs to human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) by Ala scanning mutagenesis and related the localization to the effects of the mAbs on the molecular interactions of uPA.	Alanine	105-108	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	59-95
11502203-1	2001	We localized the epitopes for several murine mAbs to human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) by Ala scanning mutagenesis and related the localization to the effects of the mAbs on the molecular interactions of uPA.	Alanine	105-108	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Homo sapiens	97-100
34492279-9	2022	Increased total n-3 PUFA (DHA, EPA and ALA) was significantly associated with lower IL-10 (beta = -0.667; p = 0.007) and lower total Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) (beta = -0.715; p = 0.036).	Alanine	39-42	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
34492279-9	2022	Increased total n-3 PUFA (DHA, EPA and ALA) was significantly associated with lower IL-10 (beta = -0.667; p = 0.007) and lower total Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) (beta = -0.715; p = 0.036).	Alanine	39-42	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	154-159
15496467-4	2004	Our results with mutation of the conserved Ala to Gly in two S lipoxygenases (mouse 8S-LOX and human 15-LOX-2) and the corresponding Gly-Ala substitution in two R lipoxygenases (human 12R-LOX and coral 8R-LOX) reveal that the basis for R or S stereo-control also involves a switch in the position of oxygenation on the substrate.	Alanine	43-46	arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	84-90
15496467-4	2004	Our results with mutation of the conserved Ala to Gly in two S lipoxygenases (mouse 8S-LOX and human 15-LOX-2) and the corresponding Gly-Ala substitution in two R lipoxygenases (human 12R-LOX and coral 8R-LOX) reveal that the basis for R or S stereo-control also involves a switch in the position of oxygenation on the substrate.	Alanine	43-46	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B	Homo sapiens	101-109
11456486-9	2001	By comparison of alanine scanning data for IGF-I and the turn-helix peptide, we propose a model for common surface features of these molecules that recognize IGFBP-1.	Alanine	17-24	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
34378356-1	2021	HLA-A*32:74 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*32:01:01:01 where Alanine (211) is changed to Glutamate.	Alanine	67-74	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	0-5
34922186-4	2022	In each breed, there were eight nucleotide variations within the MTNR1A gene exon II, two of which (g.17355358 and g.17355171), respectively, resulted in a valine to isoleucine, and alanine to aspartic acid substitution, in amino acid sequence.	Alanine	182-189	melatonin receptor type 1A	Ovis aries	65-71
34175752-4	2021	The characteristic peak, related to (dipeptide-H + 2Na)+ species, is observed in the mass spectrum of Phe-Ala and Tyr-Ala dipeptides in the presence of NaF, while the breaking of the peptide bond (OC-NH) occurs for the Phe-Phe in the presence of the aforementioned salts.	Alanine	106-109	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	152-155
34862394-7	2021	Furthermore, chemical prevention of RIPK1 inhibitory phosphorylations or mutation of serine 25 of RIPK1 to alanine largely restores cell death in PPP1R3G-knockout cells.	Alanine	107-114	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1	Mus musculus	98-103
34895054-10	2021	Computational alanine scanning of CGRP identified energetic "hot spots" that contribute to binding energy; mutating these positions to residues in homologous neuropeptides resulted in unfavorable binding energies.	Alanine	14-21	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	34-38
34378356-1	2021	HLA-A*32:74 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*32:01:01:01 where Alanine (211) is changed to Glutamate.	Alanine	67-74	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	43-48
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	197-201
34613794-7	2021	Additionally, alanine scanning mutagenesis showed that a mutation at phenylalanine 274 of NTCP (F274A) caused a loss of HBV susceptibility and disrupted both the oligomerization of NTCP and HBV internalization without affecting viral attachment to the cell surface.	Alanine	14-21	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
34944172-10	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA,18:3n-3) is enzymatically broken-down de-novo by delta-6 desaturase and lengthened into a long-chain carbon molecule such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3).	Alanine	22-25	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	75-93
34482810-5	2021	The E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage by these pathogens was probably attributed to bacterial HtrA/DegQ protease, but not host HtrA1, MMP7 and ADAM10, and the prominent proteolytic activity was further confirmed by a serine-to-alanine substitution mutation in the active center of HtrA/DegQ protein.	Alanine	224-231	cadherin 1	Sus scrofa	4-14
34613794-7	2021	Additionally, alanine scanning mutagenesis showed that a mutation at phenylalanine 274 of NTCP (F274A) caused a loss of HBV susceptibility and disrupted both the oligomerization of NTCP and HBV internalization without affecting viral attachment to the cell surface.	Alanine	14-21	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
34560561-6	2021	Then, the most popular cytotoxic payload MMAE was conjugated to Atezolizumab via a classical dipeptide (valine-alanine) linker to generate a bifunctional PD-L1 ADC (ADC 3).	Alanine	111-118	CD274 antigen	Mus musculus	154-159
34762852-3	2021	We show that these non-canonical alanine-based sphingolipids bind to the NR2F1/2 ligand-binding domains (LBDs) and modulate their transcriptional activity in cell-based assays at physiological concentrations.	Alanine	33-40	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 1	Homo sapiens	73-80
34792662-5	2021	RESULTS: Widespread alterations were evident in alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and arginine metabolism in Ndufs4 KO mice; while brain-region specific metabolic signatures include the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids, proline, and glycolytic intermediates.	Alanine	48-55	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	106-112
34740835-4	2022	METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-peroxidase) was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the keratinocytes of the patients with CA before and after ALA-PDT treatment.	Alanine	174-177	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	102-111
34740835-7	2022	The positive expression rate and intensity of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the two groups before and after ALA-PDT were significantly different (P < 0.05).	Alanine	100-103	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
34740835-8	2022	There was a positive correlation between the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the CA tissues after ALA-PDT (r = 0.486, P < 0.05).	Alanine	102-105	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	68-77
34740835-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT may relieve local immunosuppressive states by reducing TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression and jointly promoting CA regression, which is a potential molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT in CA treatment.	Alanine	13-16	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	85-94
34740835-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT may relieve local immunosuppressive states by reducing TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression and jointly promoting CA regression, which is a potential molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT in CA treatment.	Alanine	187-190	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	85-94
34734802-8	2021	Substitution of this glycine with alanine, a residue conserved in BTLA and several SHP1-recruiting receptors, was sufficient to induce PD-1:SHP1 interaction in T cells.	Alanine	34-41	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator	Sus scrofa	66-70
34390807-3	2021	In this study, we have extensively characterized two STAT3 missense mutations, namely a valine-to-alanine exchange in the amino-terminal region (V77A) and a phenylalanine-to-alanine substitution (F174A) in the coiled-coil domain.	Alanine	98-105	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
34390807-3	2021	In this study, we have extensively characterized two STAT3 missense mutations, namely a valine-to-alanine exchange in the amino-terminal region (V77A) and a phenylalanine-to-alanine substitution (F174A) in the coiled-coil domain.	Alanine	174-181	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
34535977-7	2021	Alanine substitution at E249 (E249A) dramatically reduced PHS-induced FFAR4 activation but displayed a weaker effect on ALA-induced FFAR4 activation.	Alanine	0-7	free fatty acid receptor 4	Meleagris gallopavo	70-75
34529977-11	2021	The substitutions with Ala-45 and Cys-45 in yeast ADH1 and the homologous substitutions with Ala-48 in horse and human liver ADHs also significantly decrease catalytic efficiency.	Alanine	23-26	alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-54
34834177-8	2021	Thus, FGF-2 solution is effectively stabilised against both thermal and processing stressors in the presence of MC and alanine (F5), or MC and HSA (F6).	Alanine	119-126	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	6-11
34303878-10	2021	Metabolomics and metabolite tracing studies revealed that insulin-mTORC1-ATF4 signaling stimulates pathways of non-essential amino acid synthesis in primary hepatocytes, including those of alanine, aspartate, methionine, and cysteine, but not serine.	Alanine	189-196	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	73-77
34628069-0	2022	Halofuginone enhances the anti-tumor effect of ALA-PDT by suppressing NRF2 signaling in cSCC.	Alanine	47-50	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
34591477-5	2021	We discovered an insulin analogue that has Calpha-carboxyamidated Glu at B31 and Ala at B29 and that has a more than 3-fold-enhanced binding specificity in favor of the "metabolic" IR-B isoform.	Alanine	81-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
34628069-7	2022	RESULTS: HL strengthened ALA-PDT"s inhibition of SCL-1 cell viability, migration, as well as NRF2 related beta-catenin, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and p-S6K1 expression.	Alanine	25-28	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
34628069-7	2022	RESULTS: HL strengthened ALA-PDT"s inhibition of SCL-1 cell viability, migration, as well as NRF2 related beta-catenin, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and p-S6K1 expression.	Alanine	25-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	122-128
34628069-7	2022	RESULTS: HL strengthened ALA-PDT"s inhibition of SCL-1 cell viability, migration, as well as NRF2 related beta-catenin, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and p-S6K1 expression.	Alanine	25-28	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
34628069-11	2022	HL has the potential to enhance the anti-tumor effect of ALA-PDT in cSCC via inhibiting NRF2 signaling.	Alanine	57-60	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	88-92
34378609-11	2021	Regarding serum fatty acids, chia reduced FFA and SFA and increased PUFAs, ALA, EPA, and LA.	Alanine	75-78	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	29-33
34339714-5	2021	Both networks were critical for Galphas-mediated cAMP accumulation and the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2, however, cAMP response was more sensitive to alanine substitution, with most mutated residues displaying reduced signaling.	Alanine	152-159	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	90-105
34428590-5	2021	Consistently, overexpression of Rpl39, Rpl39l or an alanine mutant of RPL39, rescued cell proliferation similarly in Rpl39-/-::Rpl39l-/- dual gene null cells.	Alanine	52-59	ribosomal protein L39	Mus musculus	70-75
34498097-5	2021	An alanine substitution (STIM1 F394A) destabilized the STIM1 quiescent state, as evident from its constitutive activity.	Alanine	3-10	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
34498097-5	2021	An alanine substitution (STIM1 F394A) destabilized the STIM1 quiescent state, as evident from its constitutive activity.	Alanine	3-10	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
34327762-5	2021	To investigate the roles of this serine residue, we made an antibody specific for S530-phosphorylated human GPNMB and a point mutant in which S530 is replaced by an alanine (A) residue, GPNMB(SA).	Alanine	165-172	glycoprotein nmb	Homo sapiens	186-191
34685862-10	2021	Although the mutation of S97 to alanine (which cannot be phosphorylated) or glutamic acid (which mimics phosphorylation) somewhat altered the protein interaction strength of AtROP1 in yeast cells, the mutant proteins did not modify pollen tube growth in an in vivo test.	Alanine	32-39	RHO-related protein from plants 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	174-180
34631556-6	2021	Meanwhile, inhibition of NRF2-HO-1 activation attenuated DPP-4i-driven NF-kB activation, while NRF2 activator ALA enhanced NF-kB activation, indicating an essential role of ROS-NRF2-HO-1 axis in DPP-4i-driven NF-kB activation.	Alanine	110-113	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	95-99
34382579-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: Glucagon and amino acids may be regulated in a feedback loop called the liver-alpha-cell axis with alanine or glutamine as suggested signal molecules.	Alanine	110-117	glucagon	Homo sapiens	11-19
34382579-7	2021	RESULTS: The postprandial increase of plasma glucagon was associated with the postprandial increase of alanine and several other amino acids but not glutamine.	Alanine	103-110	glucagon	Homo sapiens	45-53
34382579-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Several amino acids, notably alanine, but not glutamine could be key signals to the alpha cell to increase glucagon secretion.	Alanine	42-49	glucagon	Homo sapiens	120-128
34315811-7	2021	Finally, FD164 was confirmed by computer structure prediction and alanine scanning experiments that the N45, E47, 52TEVYVK58, K60, 115EVTELTRE122, E124 residues of CD47 are important for SIRPalpha or FD164 recognition.	Alanine	66-73	signal-regulatory protein alpha	Mus musculus	187-196
34497278-6	2021	Alanine or Leucine at position 74 of the HLA-DRB1 heavy chain was associated with a good response while Arginine or Glutamic acid with a poor response.	Alanine	0-7	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-49
34433803-4	2021	Cryo-EM and "alanine walk" studies revealed the key binding residues on ACE2 interacting with the CDR3 domain of 3E8 heavy chain.	Alanine	13-20	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2	Mus musculus	72-76
34369509-2	2021	To clarify the structural basis of selective inhibition towards HDAC2 over HDAC8, we utilized multiple in silico strategies, including sequence alignment, structural comparison, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, alanine scanning mutagenesis, pharmacophore modeling, protein contacts atlas analysis and QM/MM calculations to study the binding patterns of HDAC2/8 selective inhibitors.	Alanine	255-262	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
34303032-11	2021	In vivo immunohistochemical staining of ABCG2 transporter showed low expression in PC-3 cells and high expression in 22Rv1 cells, and ALA-PDT-induced tumor tissue degeneration was greater in PC-3 cells than in 22Rv1 cells.	Alanine	134-137	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	40-45
34303032-12	2021	CONCLUSION: The ABCG2 transporter is a useful predictor of the therapeutic effect of ALA-PDT on human prostate cancer cells.	Alanine	85-88	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	16-21
34132576-8	2021	Mutating arginine 91 of betaC1 to alanine reduced its DNA-binding activity.	Alanine	34-41	adenylate cyclase 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
34429343-6	2021	Results with alanine mutations of D-2 amino acid and NYTXXXRG-12-19 motif of SPA4 peptide suggested their role in binding to TLR4 and in reducing the cytokine response against LPS stimulus.	Alanine	13-20	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	125-129
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	70-81
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	83-87
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	221-265
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	267-272
34340305-13	2021	Computational alanine scanning further supported the significant roles of K477", I481", and K586" in the binding of ligands with EBNA1.	Alanine	14-21	EBNA-1	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	129-134
34380038-6	2021	We combine alanine scanning mutagenesis and metabolic assays to disrupt and functionally interrogate actinin-IGF2BP2 interactions, which reveal an essential role in metabolic responses to pathological sarcomere activation using a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy model.	Alanine	11-18	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	109-116
34152086-4	2021	The Ala allele of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARgamma2 decreases receptor binding affinity and consequently induces a reduction of PPARgamma signaling.	Alanine	4-7	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	134-143
34421848-8	2021	Additionally, an alt1Delta mutant shows an unexpected alanine-independent phenotype, displaying null expression of mitochondrial COX2, COX3, and ATP6 genes and a notable decrease in mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio, as compared to a wild-type strain, which results in a petite phenotype.	Alanine	54-61	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	129-133
34421848-8	2021	Additionally, an alt1Delta mutant shows an unexpected alanine-independent phenotype, displaying null expression of mitochondrial COX2, COX3, and ATP6 genes and a notable decrease in mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio, as compared to a wild-type strain, which results in a petite phenotype.	Alanine	54-61	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	135-139
34152086-5	2021	METHODS: In this study, we carried out a preliminary analysis of existing datasets to test the hypothesis that reduced transactivation capacity of PPARgamma in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARgamma2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm babies.	Alanine	180-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	147-156
34152086-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that PPARgamma signaling in the presence of the Ala variant of PPARgamma2 may be associated with adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants suggesting that further studies are warranted.	Alanine	92-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	49-58
34356619-7	2021	Our previous data proved that RCC1 was necessary for the G1/S cell cycle progression, and in the present study we showed that the RCC1 mutant, in which S11 was mutated to alanine (S11A) to mimic non-phosphorylation status, lost the ability to facilitate G1/S transition in E7-expressing cells.	Alanine	171-178	regulator of chromosome condensation 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
34326200-3	2021	We have recently reported that substitution of both E112 and M113 by alanine inhibits intracellular and CD40-induced membrane cleavage of CD154 and procures to CD154 an increased biological function as compared with cleavable CD154.	Alanine	69-76	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	138-143
34326200-3	2021	We have recently reported that substitution of both E112 and M113 by alanine inhibits intracellular and CD40-induced membrane cleavage of CD154 and procures to CD154 an increased biological function as compared with cleavable CD154.	Alanine	69-76	CD40 ligand	Homo sapiens	160-165
34315401-11	2021	With regards to the missense mutation in exon 1 (g.17303383G > T) that reduced amino acid change from alanine to serine, we predicted that it altered the secondary structure of HTR1B protein with SOPMA.	Alanine	102-109	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Bos taurus	177-182
34240258-9	2022	There was a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels and cancer mortality.	Alanine	58-65	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	106-109
34233759-6	2021	RESULTS: Thirteen metabolites were identified as common biomarkers discriminating ob/ob mice and lepb-/- zebrafish larvae from their respective wild type controls: alanine, citrulline, ethanolamine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, putrescine, serine and threonine.	Alanine	164-171	leptin b	Danio rerio	97-101
35569747-6	2022	Bioinformatics analyses including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, pathway relation network, and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways of ALA-PDT in treating cSCC were mainly associated with immune regulation, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, which was validated by western blot analysis.	Alanine	187-190	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	316-319
34089703-5	2021	We performed MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis and Phos-tag SDS-PAGE in alanine-substitution mutants in HEK293 cells and revealed multiple phosphorylation sites in human DDHD1, primarily Ser8, Ser11, Ser723, and Ser727.	Alanine	63-70	DDHD domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	161-166
34123848-7	2021	Furthermore, ALA, a NRF2 activator significantly promoted BC metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which can be abrogated by specific HO-1 inhibition in vitro.	Alanine	13-16	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	20-24
34123848-7	2021	Furthermore, ALA, a NRF2 activator significantly promoted BC metastasis in vitro and in vivo, which can be abrogated by specific HO-1 inhibition in vitro.	Alanine	13-16	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	129-133
34123848-8	2021	Moreover, specific HO-1 inhibition not only reversed DPP-4i-induced NRF2 activation but also abrogated ALA-induced NRF2 activation, resulting in a decrease of metastasis-associated genes, indicating a positive-feedback NRF2-HO-1 loop.	Alanine	103-106	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	19-23
34123848-8	2021	Moreover, specific HO-1 inhibition not only reversed DPP-4i-induced NRF2 activation but also abrogated ALA-induced NRF2 activation, resulting in a decrease of metastasis-associated genes, indicating a positive-feedback NRF2-HO-1 loop.	Alanine	103-106	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	115-119
34380921-9	2021	Wild-type CLN6"s resistance to the 132fsX mutant was abolished by replacement of amino acids 297-301, including Pro297 and Pro299, with five alanine residues.	Alanine	141-148	CLN6 transmembrane ER protein	Homo sapiens	10-14
35537354-3	2022	The nutritionally essential precursors alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA) are subjected to desaturation by Delta6D/Delta5D desaturases and elongation by elongases 2/5, enzymes that are induced by insulin and repressed by PUFA.	Alanine	71-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	231-238
34209895-4	2021	The effects of a single point mutation (Pro   Ala in position 7) on the biological properties of ApoB-derived peptide r(P)ApoBLPro have been evaluated.	Alanine	46-49	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	97-101
34066055-7	2021	Polymerase activity assays of Ala- and Glu-generated mutants for the Akt-phosphorylated residues also indicate that Glu mutants of ZIKV and USUV NS5s present a reduced primer-extension activity that was not observed in WNV mutants.	Alanine	30-33	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
35398260-12	2022	The VE-cadherin and VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway up-regulated in intrinsically aged skin after ALA-PDT treatments.	Alanine	88-91	cadherin 5	Mus musculus	4-15
35398260-12	2022	The VE-cadherin and VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway up-regulated in intrinsically aged skin after ALA-PDT treatments.	Alanine	88-91	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Mus musculus	20-26
35398260-13	2022	CONCLUSIONS: LVs in intrinsically aged skin were remodeled and their function were restored by low dose ALA-PDT via up-regulating the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway.	Alanine	104-107	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Mus musculus	134-140
35554539-6	2022	A triple alanine substitution of LIN-52"s LxCxE motif severed LIN-35-MuvB association and caused classical DREAM mutant phenotypes, including synthetic multiple vulvae, high-temperature arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma.	Alanine	9-16	Retinoblastoma-like protein homolog lin-35	Caenorhabditis elegans	62-68
35569747-6	2022	Bioinformatics analyses including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, pathway relation network, and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the pathways of ALA-PDT in treating cSCC were mainly associated with immune regulation, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, which was validated by western blot analysis.	Alanine	187-190	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	339-342
35066967-6	2022	Mutation at Ser254 of PDGFRbeta to alanine abolished the above inhibitory effects of secretory PKG II on PDGFRbeta, indicating that Ser254 was the specific site phosphorylated by secretory PKG II.	Alanine	35-42	platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Homo sapiens	105-114
35020472-7	2022	Further, motifs critical for the localization of WDR11 in TGN were identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	81-88	WD repeat domain 11	Homo sapiens	49-54
35629898-7	2022	Regarding therapeutics, TNF inhibitors may increase the levels of tryptophan, valine, lysine, creatinine and alanine, whereas JAK/STAT inhibitors may modulate exclusively fatty acids.	Alanine	109-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-27
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	57-64	semaphorin 4A	Homo sapiens	15-21
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	57-64	semaphorin 4A	Homo sapiens	83-89
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	105-112	semaphorin 4A	Homo sapiens	15-21
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	105-112	semaphorin 4A	Homo sapiens	83-89
35384358-1	2022	HLA-A*24:516 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 at nucleotide 194 where Alanine (41) is changed to Glycine.	Alanine	86-93	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	0-5
35384358-1	2022	HLA-A*24:516 has one nucleotide change from HLA-A*24:02:01:01 at nucleotide 194 where Alanine (41) is changed to Glycine.	Alanine	86-93	major histocompatibility complex, class I, A	Homo sapiens	44-49
35406384-5	2022	After mutating three hydrophobic residues in the OPB to alanines, we discovered that YY1(F219A) and YY1(3A), three residues simultaneously replaced by alanines, were defective of intermolecular interaction.	Alanine	56-64	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	85-88
35406384-5	2022	After mutating three hydrophobic residues in the OPB to alanines, we discovered that YY1(F219A) and YY1(3A), three residues simultaneously replaced by alanines, were defective of intermolecular interaction.	Alanine	56-64	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
35406384-5	2022	After mutating three hydrophobic residues in the OPB to alanines, we discovered that YY1(F219A) and YY1(3A), three residues simultaneously replaced by alanines, were defective of intermolecular interaction.	Alanine	151-159	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	85-88
35406384-5	2022	After mutating three hydrophobic residues in the OPB to alanines, we discovered that YY1(F219A) and YY1(3A), three residues simultaneously replaced by alanines, were defective of intermolecular interaction.	Alanine	151-159	YY1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
35051413-3	2022	The dimeric (d)-APOA1C-N mutant coupled the C-terminus of one APOA1 molecule to the N-terminus of a second with a short alanine linker, while the d-APOA1C-C and d-APOA1N-N mutants coupled the C-termini and the N-termini of two APOA1 molecules, respectively, using introduced cysteine residues to form disulfide linkages.	Alanine	120-127	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	16-21
35235058-3	2022	A potential candidate for alternative Abeta peptides generation is the metalloproteinase meprin beta, which cleaves APP predominantly at alanine in p2 and in this study we can detect an increased meprin beta expression in AD brain.	Alanine	137-144	meprin 1 beta	Mus musculus	89-100
35137060-4	2022	In silico analyses indicated that CaCIPK13 is a typical CIPK family member with a conserved NAF motif, which consists of the amino acids asparagine, alanine, and phenylalanine.	Alanine	149-156	calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase	Solanum lycopersicum	56-60
35051413-3	2022	The dimeric (d)-APOA1C-N mutant coupled the C-terminus of one APOA1 molecule to the N-terminus of a second with a short alanine linker, while the d-APOA1C-C and d-APOA1N-N mutants coupled the C-termini and the N-termini of two APOA1 molecules, respectively, using introduced cysteine residues to form disulfide linkages.	Alanine	120-127	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	62-67
35044402-1	2022	Among vegetable oils, chia oil has been gaining interest in recent years due to its high linolenic acid content (ALA, 18:3 omega3).	Alanine	113-116	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	22-26
35223916-10	2022	For prediction of progression to severe disease, the three independent predictive factors were age, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum albumin (ALA model).	Alanine	153-156	albumin	Homo sapiens	144-151
34985081-8	2022	The hot spot residues including H41, M49, F140, N142, G143, C145, H163, H164, M165, E166 and Q189 identified by computational alanine scanning are considered as reliable targets of clinically available inhibitors inhibiting the activities of Mpro.	Alanine	126-133	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	242-246
35205350-8	2022	The Drosophila RpL22 has additional Ala-, Lys- and Pro-rich sequences at the amino terminus, which resembles the carboxy-terminal portion of histone H1 and histone H5.	Alanine	36-39	Ribosomal protein L22	Drosophila melanogaster	15-20
2478557-2	1989	To study the function of the individual disulfide bonds in subunit assembly and secretion, site-directed mutagenesis was used to convert the 12 cysteine (Cys) residues in the beta subunit of hCG to either alanine or serine.	Alanine	205-212	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	191-194
35050188-4	2022	(3H)Taurine uptake by TM4 cells was significantly reduced by the substrates of taurine transporter (TauT/SLC6A6), such as beta-alanine, hypotaurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), with no significant effect shown by L-alanine, probenecid, and L-leucine.	Alanine	249-258	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	207-210
2610257-4	1989	On the whole animal level, growth hormone-administered hypophysectomized rats exhibited restored growth and decreased urea excretion associated with a reduction in arterial urea and elevation in arterial glutamate, but glutamine and alanine concentrations were unchanged.	Alanine	233-240	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	27-41
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Alanine	119-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	50-65
2550441-6	1989	To further evaluate the properties of these Man-6-P receptors, binding of 125I-rat-IGF-II and 125I-chicken Tyr-Gly-Thr-Ala-IGF-II to purified receptors from Xenopus, chicken, and rat was evaluated by polyethylene glycol precipitation.	Alanine	119-122	IGFII	Gallus gallus	123-129
2504572-10	1989	The "CAGY" sequence, or the Cys-Ala-Gly-Tyr quartet of amino acids encoded by exon II is present in every other glycoprotein beta-subunit sequenced thus far, is altered in rat FSH-beta, with the Ala residue replaced by Glu.	Alanine	32-35	follicle stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	176-184
2540202-4	1989	The sequence specificity of the Ub-Xase was demonstrated by mutagenesis of the carboxyl-terminal glycine of ubiquitin to an alanine, which inhibited ubiquitin removal in vivo.	Alanine	124-131	ubiquitin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	108-117
2540202-4	1989	The sequence specificity of the Ub-Xase was demonstrated by mutagenesis of the carboxyl-terminal glycine of ubiquitin to an alanine, which inhibited ubiquitin removal in vivo.	Alanine	124-131	ubiquitin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-158
2479414-1	1989	Alanine derivatives inhibit angiogenin-induced angiogenesis.	Alanine	0-7	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	28-38
2504572-10	1989	The "CAGY" sequence, or the Cys-Ala-Gly-Tyr quartet of amino acids encoded by exon II is present in every other glycoprotein beta-subunit sequenced thus far, is altered in rat FSH-beta, with the Ala residue replaced by Glu.	Alanine	195-198	follicle stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	176-184
2497988-3	1989	Both [Ala] salmon calcitonin and salmon calcitonin (1-23) peptide amide also inhibit this rise in [Ca2+] and also inhibit TRH-stimulated prolactin release from GH3 cells as well as from primary pituitary cell cultures.	Alanine	6-9	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
2645281-11	1989	The alanine deletion is within the amino-terminal region of the TGF-alpha precursor that is thought to be removed by proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature growth factor.	Alanine	4-11	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-73
2565820-1	1989	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a serine peptidase that cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is a proline or an alanine.	Alanine	150-157	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
2565820-1	1989	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a serine peptidase that cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is a proline or an alanine.	Alanine	150-157	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
2708454-2	1989	The analogs, which were made by site-directed mutagenesis of a synthetic gene encoding for IGF I, are [Gln 3, Ala 4, Tyr 15, Leu 16] IGF I and an analog in which the first 16 amino acids of IGF I were replaced with the first 17 amino acids of insulin (B-chain mutant).	Alanine	110-113	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	91-96
2708454-6	1989	In the presence of 0.1% calf serum, IGF I and [Gln 3, Ala 4, Tyr 15, Leu 16] IGF I stimulate DNA synthesis in A10 cells with ED50 = 0.4 nM, and in BALB/C 3T3 cells with ED50 = 10 nM and 1.3 nM, respectively.	Alanine	54-57	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	77-82
2646637-4	1989	These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46.	Alanine	314-317	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-121
3069842-8	1988	Substitution of the proline by alanine also resulted in a 1,000-fold loss of inhibitory activity for enkephalinase B.	Alanine	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	101-116
3065332-2	1988	The lectin consists of 134 amino acids and its N-terminal alanine is blocked with acetate.	Alanine	58-65	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	4-10
2667487-4	1989	In isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats, MTP-1307 inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate and alanine.	Alanine	94-101	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
3053963-6	1988	The active site pocket residue positioned six residues before the active-site Ser184 is alanine in MCSP-1, threonine in MCSP-2, and serine in MCSP-3, indicating that both MCSP-2 and MCSP-3 may have chymotrypsin-like specificity.	Alanine	88-95	granzyme E	Mus musculus	171-177
3245132-6	1988	In this sequence, the 27 NH2-terminal amino acids determined by sequence analysis of protein p37 are preceded by a stretch of 132 amino acids residues, indicating that protein p37 is synthesized as a polypeptide of higher molecular weight and then post-translationally processed by cleavage of a Gly-Ala bond.	Alanine	300-303	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	176-179
3264157-1	1988	Preincubation of rat hepatocytes with EGF (epidermal growth factor) caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	113-120	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
3264157-1	1988	Preincubation of rat hepatocytes with EGF (epidermal growth factor) caused a stimulation of gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	113-120	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-66
18584649-8	1988	A route for the biosynthesis of L-alanine that does not incorporate the enzyme alanine aminotransferase was revealed by MPS during synthesis of alternative pathways which produce L-alanine from pyruvate.	Alanine	32-41	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	79-103
3403546-6	1988	The cofilin sequence contains a hexapeptide (Asp-Ala-Ile-Lys-Lys-Lys) identical to the amino-terminal sequence (residues 2-7) of muscle and nonmuscle tropomyosin.	Alanine	49-52	cofilin 1	Homo sapiens	4-11
18584649-8	1988	A route for the biosynthesis of L-alanine that does not incorporate the enzyme alanine aminotransferase was revealed by MPS during synthesis of alternative pathways which produce L-alanine from pyruvate.	Alanine	179-188	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	79-103
2964446-9	1988	Thus synthesis and maturation of the alpha-chain of beta-hexosaminidase includes two major proteolytic cleavages: the first, between alanine 22 and leucine 23, removes the signal peptide to generate the precursor form, whereas the second occurs between the dibasic amino acids, lysine 86 and arginine 87.	Alanine	133-140	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	52-71
2958938-0	1987	Alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede: alanine insertion and abolition of plasmin inhibitory activity.	Alanine	30-37	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	12-19
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	46-69
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	173-196
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	35-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	46-69
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	35-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	173-196
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	224-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	46-69
2896517-3	1988	In the case of alanine substrates (Ala in P1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolyzes such compounds where the configuration of the P2 residue is R. The penultimate residue with dipeptidyl peptidase IV can be, beside proline and alanine, dehydroproline, hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid.	Alanine	224-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	173-196
3121605-5	1988	Similarly, harmaline noncompetitively inhibited L-alanine uptake by horse erythrocyte systems asc1 and asc2 (apparent Ki = 2.0 and 1.9 mM, respectively).	Alanine	48-57	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	94-98
3500715-0	1987	Epidermal growth factor, like glucagon, exerts a short-term stimulation of alanine transport in rat hepatocytes.	Alanine	75-82	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
3121605-8	1988	This site does not however bind Na+, the asc1 transporter exhibiting normal L-alanine and L-lysine influx kinetics in the total absence of extracellular cations.	Alanine	76-85	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	41-45
2891611-3	1988	The gamma 7.1 coding region is extremely homologous to the C gamma 1 gene of BALB/c mice, differing at the protein level by a single deletion (alanine 139) and a single substitution.	Alanine	143-150	T cell receptor gamma, constant 1	Mus musculus	59-68
3500715-1	1987	Epidermal growth factor causes a transient stimulation of alanine transport in hepatocytes.	Alanine	58-65	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
3582372-4	1987	The predicted zeste protein has an unusual structure including runs of Gln, Ala and alternating Gln Ala.	Alanine	100-103	zeste	Drosophila melanogaster	14-19
3125410-4	1988	A large region of the predicted zeste product is comprised almost exclusively of glutamine and alanine residues.	Alanine	95-102	zeste	Drosophila melanogaster	32-37
3680392-3	1987	The uptake of cysteine was mediated mainly by the ASC system (Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport system especially reactive with alanine, serine, and cysteine).	Alanine	137-144	steroid sulfatase	Mus musculus	50-53
3019003-2	1986	The CMII v-myc and the chicken c-myc alleles differ in their shared coding sequences by a single nucleotide substitution causing a glutamic acid/alanine exchange in the predicted sequences of the corresponding protein products.	Alanine	145-152	v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog	Gallus gallus	31-36
3082877-6	1986	The IL-2 receptor gene in the expression vector was therefore altered by site-directed mutagenesis to code for an IL-2 receptor containing an alanine in the place of serine 247.	Alanine	142-149	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	114-127
3959080-1	1986	Silk fibroin with the alanyl carboxyl carbon enriched with 13C was obtained by giving a diet containing 13C-enriched alanine to the larvae of Bombyx mori and Antheraea pernyi at the fifth instar.	Alanine	117-124	fibroin light chain	Bombyx mori	5-12
3106615-1	1987	A number of N-benzenesulfonylglycines, alanines, sarcosine, and prolines, which contain the minimum pharmacophore moieties necessary for aldose reductase inhibitory activity, were prepared and tested in the rat lens assay.	Alanine	39-47	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Rattus norvegicus	137-153
3295483-6	1987	Two different mutations were introduced by site-specific mutagenesis in this hlyA domain: one by an exchange of ala, val to asp, glu (positions 313, 314) altering the hydrophobicity of this region and another which removes most of this hydrophobic portion.	Alanine	112-115	hemolysin transport protein	Escherichia coli	77-81
3006663-6	1986	Similar reactions appear to occur when the isoenzymes are treated with Pronase E. Limited amino acid sequence analysis of intact and Proteinase K-modified MM-CK suggests that the proteolytic modification results from a single peptide-bond cleavage occurring between alanine residues 328 and 329, about 50 amino acid residues from the C-terminal end; the active-site cysteine residue was recovered in the large protein fragment of modified M-CK subunits.	Alanine	266-273	creatine kinase M-type	Oryctolagus cuniculus	156-160
3614211-2	1987	Complete sequence information for the nucleotides coding for amino acids 136-163 demonstrates an A----C alteration at the codon for amino acid 152, changing Asp (GAT) in Kk to Ala (GCT) in Kkml.	Alanine	176-179	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	162-165
3732806-9	1986	Our wt lacI gene differs from another wt lacI sequence (Farabaugh, 1978), containing a single bp change that results in an Ala to Thr substitution at amino acid (aa) 109.	Alanine	123-126	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	7-11
2946323-2	1986	Since fragment Y is the last peptide product which reacts with anti-beta 43-47 antibodies, splitting of fragment Y into fragment D and fragment E must be accompanied by plasmin cleavage of the peptide bond beta Lys-47-Ala-48.	Alanine	218-221	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	169-176
3732806-9	1986	Our wt lacI gene differs from another wt lacI sequence (Farabaugh, 1978), containing a single bp change that results in an Ala to Thr substitution at amino acid (aa) 109.	Alanine	123-126	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	41-45
16665128-7	1986	Also, alanine and, to a lesser extent, glutamate were relatively more prominent in endosperm cavity sap than in the sieve tube sap.	Alanine	6-13	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 16, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	100-103
4029086-0	1985	Variables determining the growth hormone response of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 in the rat.	Alanine	63-66	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	26-40
16665128-7	1986	Also, alanine and, to a lesser extent, glutamate were relatively more prominent in endosperm cavity sap than in the sieve tube sap.	Alanine	6-13	thiosulfate sulfurtransferase 16, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	127-130
3082877-6	1986	The IL-2 receptor gene in the expression vector was therefore altered by site-directed mutagenesis to code for an IL-2 receptor containing an alanine in the place of serine 247.	Alanine	142-149	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	4-17
3161731-10	1985	The amino acid compositions of GP Ib beta and GP IX were similar but showed marked differences in the levels of glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine.	Alanine	127-134	glycoprotein IX platelet	Homo sapiens	46-51
4074746-5	1985	By alignment with calf thymus CTL-1, methionine was identified as residue 30 replacing alanine in a non-conservative replacement.	Alanine	87-94	H1.2 linker histone, cluster member	Bos taurus	30-35
2861083-5	1985	We also investigated a synthetic hexapeptide, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP), which was previously reported to have potent GH-releasing activity.	Alanine	56-59	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
6547861-2	1984	The purified protein has a single amino terminal residue of alanine and its biochemical properties are similar to those of the precursor form of colipase (procolipase) previously isolated from porcine and equine pancreas or pancreatic juice.	Alanine	60-67	colipase	Gallus gallus	145-153
2537174-3	1989	IGF-II from adult sheep differs from bovine IGF-II also by a single amino acid, with residue 62 being Ala in ovine and Thr in bovine IGF-2.	Alanine	102-105	insulin-like growth factor II	Ovis aries	0-6
6194176-1	1983	From an examination of electroimmunoblots and peptide maps, a mouse monoclonal antibody to human myelin basic protein MBP was shown to react with the amino acid sequence Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser which is located in the C-terminal half of MBP.	Alanine	170-173	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	97-117
6442166-2	1984	Although chymosin has a broad specificity, it has been possible to selectively study the hydrolysis of two bonds (Ala-189-Phe-190 and Leu-192-Tyr-193) by choosing appropriate conditions.	Alanine	114-117	chymosin	Bos taurus	9-17
6194176-1	1983	From an examination of electroimmunoblots and peptide maps, a mouse monoclonal antibody to human myelin basic protein MBP was shown to react with the amino acid sequence Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser which is located in the C-terminal half of MBP.	Alanine	170-173	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	118-121
6194176-1	1983	From an examination of electroimmunoblots and peptide maps, a mouse monoclonal antibody to human myelin basic protein MBP was shown to react with the amino acid sequence Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser which is located in the C-terminal half of MBP.	Alanine	170-173	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	237-240
2653435-8	1989	Compared with the amino-terminal sequence (Ala-Pro-Pro-) reported for pig heart cAspAT, the recombinant pig cAspAT showed heterogeneity in the amino-terminal sequence: Ala 1 (26%), Pro2 (54%), and Pro3 (19%).	Alanine	43-46	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1	Sus scrofa	108-114
6614175-7	1983	Alanine-induced depolarization of the cell membranes exceeding 15-20 mV rapidly increased aiCl, and the increase was proportional to the driving force for Cl-.	Alanine	0-7	C-type lectin domain family 2 member B	Homo sapiens	90-94
6378184-1	1984	In the trypsin-mediated semisynthetic transformation of pig insulin into an ester of insulin of human sequence, the B30 alanine residue of the pig hormone is replaced by an ester of threonine.	Alanine	120-127	insulin	Sus scrofa	60-67
6306574-4	1983	MF alpha 1 gene contains 4 copies of the coding sequence for the alpha-factor, which are separated by 24 nucleotides encoding the octapeptide Lys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu(or Asp)-Ala-Glu-Ala.	Alanine	154-157	Mf(Alpha)1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-10
6306574-4	1983	MF alpha 1 gene contains 4 copies of the coding sequence for the alpha-factor, which are separated by 24 nucleotides encoding the octapeptide Lys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu(or Asp)-Ala-Glu-Ala.	Alanine	170-173	Mf(Alpha)1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-10
6306574-4	1983	MF alpha 1 gene contains 4 copies of the coding sequence for the alpha-factor, which are separated by 24 nucleotides encoding the octapeptide Lys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu(or Asp)-Ala-Glu-Ala.	Alanine	170-173	Mf(Alpha)1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-10
6292218-8	1982	Although substitution in sequence position one, of serine in human PTH(1-34) for alanine in bPTH(1-34), reduced activity in the adenylate cyclase assay, inhibition of 125I-bPTH(1-84) binding by both peptides and by an analogue of bPTH(3-34) was equivalent, consistent with a minimal contribution of the first 2 residues for receptor binding of the NH2-terminal region of PTH.	Alanine	81-88	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-70
2898537-10	1988	All of the absent amino acid residues of bovine TH are missing from an alanine-rich region in the N-terminal portion of the rat and human proteins (amino acids 51-68).	Alanine	71-78	tyrosine hydroxylase	Bos taurus	48-50
3352609-2	1988	We have performed site-directed mutagenesis on a cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of human eIF-2 and have replaced the candidate sites of phosphorylation, Ser-48 and Ser-51, with alanines.	Alanine	178-186	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	90-95
3398849-2	1988	Four overlapping clones were sequenced, and found to be extensively homologous to the cathepsin D of normal human kidney, except for 5-point mutations resulting in one amino acid change (Ala to Val) in the profragment of cathepsin D.	Alanine	187-190	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	221-232
6378184-1	1984	In the trypsin-mediated semisynthetic transformation of pig insulin into an ester of insulin of human sequence, the B30 alanine residue of the pig hormone is replaced by an ester of threonine.	Alanine	120-127	insulin	Sus scrofa	85-92
6834146-5	1983	Analysis of brain regions at 15 days of age showed that the deficiency resulted in decreased concentrations of alanine and serine in SN, C/P and CORT.	Alanine	111-118	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
3349027-8	1988	Both His-13 and His-114 in the angiogenin peptides are required for activity since their substitution by alanine yields inactive complexes.	Alanine	105-112	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	31-41
6461656-2	1982	We have found a novel enzyme that exclusively decomposes L-selenocysteine into L-alanine and H2Se in various mammalian tissues, and have named it selenocysteine lyase.	Alanine	79-88	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	146-166
3118951-3	1987	7 beta-(2-Thienylacetamido)-3-[[(beta-chloro-L-alanyl)oxy]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylate (4) gives time-dependent inactivation of E. coli JSR-O alanine racemase in a process that requires beta-lactamase for the initial liberation of beta-chloro-L-alanine from the cephalosporin.	Alanine	145-152	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	189-203
117939-1	1979	From crude extracts of a Streptomyces strain exhibiting immunopotentiating effects, a tetrapeptide was isolated and its structure established as L Ala leads to D isoGlu leads to L, L Dap comes from Gly.	Alanine	147-150	death associated protein	Homo sapiens	183-186
111952-0	1979	Genetic control of the immune response to the terpolymer L-glutamic acid(60)-L-alanine(30)-L-tyrosine(10)(GAT).	Alanine	77-86	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	106-109
6129728-5	1982	As GPT and GOT convert alanine and aspartic acid respectively into glutamic acid, a possible mechanism of retardation of kidney stone formation involving enzyme steps via glutamic acid creation in situ is suggested.	Alanine	23-30	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
884735-0	1977	The nucleotide sequence of two silk gland alanine tRNAs: implications for fibroin synthesis and for initiator tRNA structure.	Alanine	42-49	fibroin light chain	Bombyx mori	74-81
321030-2	1977	Kinetic parameters have been determined for the reaction between chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) and synthetic peptide analogues of the sequence Leu-Ser-Phe-Met-Ala-Ile around the chymosin-sensitive Phe(105)-Met(106) bond of bovine kappa-casein.	Alanine	152-155	chymosin	Bos taurus	65-73
3480361-9	1987	From the above results, CS, as a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor apparently caused increases in some peptides consisting mainly of Asp, Glu, Gly and Ala in patients with impaired renal function.	Alanine	146-149	dipeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
3620493-2	1987	We show here that ASF-like proteins are produced in the rat during intestinal secretion triggered by intake of a 500 mg dose of mannose, sorbitol, glycine or alanine.	Alanine	158-165	proteasome 26S subunit ubiquitin receptor, non-ATPase 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
321030-2	1977	Kinetic parameters have been determined for the reaction between chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) and synthetic peptide analogues of the sequence Leu-Ser-Phe-Met-Ala-Ile around the chymosin-sensitive Phe(105)-Met(106) bond of bovine kappa-casein.	Alanine	152-155	chymosin	Bos taurus	171-179
7250069-2	1981	The subcutaneous administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g BW) produced a significant increase in serum glucose concentration and a corresponding decrease in serum lactic acid, free fatty acid and alanine concentrations.	Alanine	193-200	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	35-37
14176288-7	1964	The introduction of alanine into glutamic acid and lysine polymers (GLA series) enhanced the immunogenicity of the terpolymers, i.e., GLA30 &gt; GLA20 &gt; GLA10 &gt; GL.	Alanine	20-27	alpha-galactosidase A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	68-71
3477287-5	1987	The substrate binding region is highly homologous to those of porcine and rat elastases 1, explaining the similar specificity for alanine reported for protease E and these elastases.	Alanine	130-137	chymotrypsin like elastase 3A	Homo sapiens	151-161
3582372-4	1987	The predicted zeste protein has an unusual structure including runs of Gln, Ala and alternating Gln Ala.	Alanine	76-79	zeste	Drosophila melanogaster	14-19
7275663-0	1981	Hemoglobin Lille, alpha 2 [74(EF3) Asp replaced by Ala] beta 2.	Alanine	51-54	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	56-62
3568008-2	1987	Both proteolytic activities exhibited similar patterns: During administration of the carcinogen they increased up to 2.1-fold (Boc-[Ala]2-Nan) and 1.7-fold (Bz-Lys-Nan) the activity of the control group (P less than 0.05).	Alanine	132-135	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
33675809-4	2021	RESULTS: The mutation is a single base substitution at codon 65 of the alpha1 globin gene [alpha65(E14) Ala>Pro; HBA1: c.196G>C] and leads to the substitution of a proline residue in the E helix.	Alanine	104-107	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
33675809-7	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The substitution alpha65(E14) Ala>Pro; HBA1: c.196G>C causes a alpha-thalassemia silent associated with a very mild phenotype.	Alanine	43-46	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
690432-5	1978	The interaction between idiotypic antibody and anti-idiotypic antiserum was specifically inhibited by GAT and the closely related polymer of L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) but not by the copolymer of L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA).	Alanine	225-234	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	102-105
33900725-3	2021	Using alanine scanning and mutational sensitivity analysis, we have shown that K417, E484, and N501 residues correspond to key interacting centers with a significant degree of structural and energetic plasticity that allow mutants in these positions to afford the improved binding affinity with ACE2.	Alanine	6-13	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	295-299
33938783-4	2021	ALA also up-regulated G2/Mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 gene and apoptosis suppressive gene Bcl2 expression (p < 0.05).	Alanine	0-3	cyclin B1	Mus musculus	22-51
2438419-3	1986	Amino-terminal analysis of a transposase-beta-galactosidase fusion protein gave the sequence Met-Ile-Thr-Ser-Ala, which corresponds to the predicted amino acid sequence starting at position 93 of IS50.	Alanine	109-112	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
3523256-5	1986	When the aspartate residues at the first and sixth Ca2+ coordination positions are replaced by uncharged alanines, the light chains have a reduced Ca2+ binding capacity but still bind to scallop myosin with high affinity.	Alanine	105-113	myosin, heavy chain 15	Gallus gallus	195-201
833149-1	1977	A 63-residue RNase A analog containing residues 26 to 35 then alanine, 41 to 59 and 73 to 84 then glycine, 100 to 110 then glycine, and 117 to 124 was synthesized by the solid phase method.	Alanine	62-69	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	13-20
3701067-6	1986	The amino acids required for binding of mAb Cap-4, Cap-5, Rh-4, and Rh-2 to hemoglobin are alanine at beta 5, threonine at beta 13, glutamine at beta 125, and leucine at alpha 68.	Alanine	91-98	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	44-49
128451-6	1975	N-terminal analysis shows that the ATPase and its constituent tryptic polypeptides all possess a single N-terminal alanine implying no further cleavage of the polypeptide by trypsin.	Alanine	115-122	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	35-41
3957924-3	1986	The low molecular weight polysialoglycoprotein obtained from the fertilized eggs accounted for about 85% of total polysialoglycoprotein and comprised glycotridecapeptides with a uniform peptide sequence which was determined to be Asp-Asp-Ala-Thr*-Ser*-Glu-Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly, where * indicates the site of glycosylation.	Alanine	238-241	polysialoglycoprotein	Oncorhynchus mykiss	25-46
3957924-3	1986	The low molecular weight polysialoglycoprotein obtained from the fertilized eggs accounted for about 85% of total polysialoglycoprotein and comprised glycotridecapeptides with a uniform peptide sequence which was determined to be Asp-Asp-Ala-Thr*-Ser*-Glu-Ala-Ala-Thr*-Gly-Pro-Ser-Gly, where * indicates the site of glycosylation.	Alanine	256-259	polysialoglycoprotein	Oncorhynchus mykiss	25-46
2412548-3	1985	The peptide Gly-Arg-Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser, derived from myelin basic protein (MBP), is part of an epitope to monoclonal antibodies to human MBP.	Alanine	20-23	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	58-78
2412548-3	1985	The peptide Gly-Arg-Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser, derived from myelin basic protein (MBP), is part of an epitope to monoclonal antibodies to human MBP.	Alanine	20-23	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
2412548-3	1985	The peptide Gly-Arg-Ala-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Lys-Ser, derived from myelin basic protein (MBP), is part of an epitope to monoclonal antibodies to human MBP.	Alanine	20-23	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	142-145
33852265-1	2021	Aminopeptidase N (APN) is capable of cleaving N-terminal amino acids from peptides with alanine in the N-terminal position and plays a key role in the growth, migration, and metastasis of cancer.	Alanine	88-95	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	0-16
33852265-1	2021	Aminopeptidase N (APN) is capable of cleaving N-terminal amino acids from peptides with alanine in the N-terminal position and plays a key role in the growth, migration, and metastasis of cancer.	Alanine	88-95	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	18-21
33789576-5	2021	Moreover, we found that PKC activation upregulated the Vmax value for hLAT2-mediated alanine transport, which was not accompanied by the induction of hLAT2 membrane insertion.	Alanine	85-92	linker for activation of T cells family member 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
1112802-10	1975	The semisynthetic enzyme composed of RNase 1-118 and [Ala-123]-RNase 111-124, therefore, shows appreciable selectivity for substrates containing cytosine.	Alanine	54-57	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	37-44
33687897-12	2021	A correlation between Ala allele at TAP2/665 and Ile allele at TAP2/379 polymorphisms and pathogenesis of SLE was observed.	Alanine	22-25	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	36-44
33687897-12	2021	A correlation between Ala allele at TAP2/665 and Ile allele at TAP2/379 polymorphisms and pathogenesis of SLE was observed.	Alanine	22-25	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	36-40
34030642-9	2021	Alanine substitution of S63 and S262 (S63A and S262A) of IkappaBalpha inhibited proliferation and suppressed p65 transcription activity.	Alanine	0-7	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	109-112
33369157-8	2021	Alanine-substituted FVIII mutants, Y346A and D347A/D348A/D349A, depressed thrombin-catalyzed activation and cleavage at Arg372 , with peak activation at ~ 50% and cleavage rates of ~ 10% to 20% compared to wild type (WT).	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	20-25
33909987-5	2021	However, in mammalian cells Ala tails signal proteolysis indirectly, through a pathway that recognizes C-terminal degrons; we identify the CRL2KLHDC10 E3 ligase complex and the novel C-end rule E3, Pirh2/Rchy1, as bona fide RQC pathway components that directly bind to Ala-tailed ribosome stalling products and target them for degradation.	Alanine	28-31	ring finger and CHY zinc finger domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	198-203
33594365-7	2021	For the theoretical triple mutant, we demonstrated through Alanine mutations, which help "unglue" key residue-residue interactions, that these three key stabilizing residues could cause the transition of Down to Up protomer states, where the Up protomer state allows binding of the prefusion Spike protein to hACE2 host cell receptors, whereas the Down state is believed inaccessible.	Alanine	59-66	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	292-297
33594365-7	2021	For the theoretical triple mutant, we demonstrated through Alanine mutations, which help "unglue" key residue-residue interactions, that these three key stabilizing residues could cause the transition of Down to Up protomer states, where the Up protomer state allows binding of the prefusion Spike protein to hACE2 host cell receptors, whereas the Down state is believed inaccessible.	Alanine	59-66	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	309-314
33504599-3	2021	From a systematic analysis of alanine substitutions throughout the SIVmac239 Nef protein, we identified residues that are required to counteract SERINC5.	Alanine	30-37	serine incorporator 5	Homo sapiens	145-152
33658307-6	2021	We find that peptidase and ATPase activities are upregulated in the phospho-mimetic mutant and downregulated in the phospho-dead mutant (S120 mutated to aspartic acid (S120D) or alanine (S120A), respectively).	Alanine	178-185	dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8	Mus musculus	27-33
32993962-7	2020	This effect was inhibited by substituting the Ser108 residue of the beta2 subunit to alanine.	Alanine	85-92	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Mus musculus	68-73
33878252-8	2022	Moreover, we demonstrate decreased density of postsynaptic gephyrin and GABAAR-gamma2 immunoreactivities in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing gephyrin with alanine mutations at two CDK5 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	162-169	gephyrin	Mus musculus	59-67
33049293-2	2020	We have prepared and purified mutants of the bovine SULT1A1, a very conserved homolog to the human SULT1A1, in which tryptophanyl-53 was sequentially trimmed to tyrosine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	184-191	sulfotransferase 1A1	Bos taurus	52-59
33049293-2	2020	We have prepared and purified mutants of the bovine SULT1A1, a very conserved homolog to the human SULT1A1, in which tryptophanyl-53 was sequentially trimmed to tyrosine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	184-191	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	99-106
33878252-8	2022	Moreover, we demonstrate decreased density of postsynaptic gephyrin and GABAAR-gamma2 immunoreactivities in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing gephyrin with alanine mutations at two CDK5 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	162-169	gephyrin	Mus musculus	148-156
33174669-6	2021	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis wasperformed to predict changes in Gibbs" free energy that are associated with mutatingresidues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface toalanine.	Alanine	14-21	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
32763916-5	2020	The biallelic ADAT3 variants result in a missense variant converting alanine to valine at a conserved residue or the introduction of a premature stop codon in the deaminase domain.	Alanine	69-76	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
32971737-4	2020	P2 x 4R alkylation in the presence of the metal obliterated the allosteric modulation, a finding supported by the site-directed mutagenesis of C132 and C149 by a corresponding alanine.	Alanine	176-183	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	0-7
33788833-6	2021	Using extensive truncation and alanine scanning mutagenesis, we identified the Stx8 sorting signal.	Alanine	31-38	syntaxin 8	Homo sapiens	79-83
33002286-5	2021	The known association between ACPA level and alanine at position 74 (Ala74) of HLA-DRbeta1 in ACPA-positive RA was revisited to understand the phenotypic effect of allele-specific expression of HLA-DRB1 by modeling multivariate logistic regression with the genomic dosage or relative expression dosage of Ala74 in two independent sets of 1,723 Korean RA patients with ACPA.	Alanine	45-52	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha	Homo sapiens	79-90
32833997-10	2020	In contrast, Cryab-R120G knock-in lenses exhibited increased total amino acid content including valine, alanine, serine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, and aspartic acid.	Alanine	104-111	crystallin, alpha B	Mus musculus	13-18
33207269-3	2021	Alanine substitution of potential N-Cys interaction residues impaired the activity of AtPCO5 remarkably.	Alanine	0-7	2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase, putative (DUF1637)	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-92
32973516-3	2020	Methods: Based on the crystal structure of PPARgamma bound with the DNA target of PPARgamma response element (PPRE), Arg134, Arg135, and Arg138, three crucial DNA binding sites for PPARgamma, were mutated to alanine (3RA), respectively.	Alanine	208-215	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	43-52
32170749-14	2020	CONCLUSION: We conclude that the lack of AnxA6 compromises alanine-dependent GNG and liver regeneration in mice.	Alanine	59-66	annexin A6	Mus musculus	41-46
32817109-6	2020	Second, we generated strains containing ACE2 alleles with alanine mutations at the Cbk1 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	58-65	serine/threonine protein kinase CBK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
32927060-3	2020	Simultaneous regeneration of the redox equivalents, PLP and L-alanine required in the artificial pathway was enabled by its interfacing with the native metabolism of the host using glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), L-alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) and an exogenous ribose 5-phosphate (R5P)-dependent PLP synthesis pathway as bridges.	Alanine	60-69	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	181-202
32762417-3	2021	To understand, how mutations in the conserved residues of RBD affect the molecular interaction with ACE2, we generated five alanine mutants i.e. Y449A, N487A, Y489A, N501A and Y505A in the receptor binding motif (RBM) of the ACE2-RBD SARS-CoV-2 complex (PDB: 6M0J).	Alanine	124-131	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
32927060-3	2020	Simultaneous regeneration of the redox equivalents, PLP and L-alanine required in the artificial pathway was enabled by its interfacing with the native metabolism of the host using glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), L-alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) and an exogenous ribose 5-phosphate (R5P)-dependent PLP synthesis pathway as bridges.	Alanine	60-69	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	204-207
32810565-5	2020	Thereafter, we demonstrated that the conserved large aliphatic Leu246 and Leu248 in extracellular loop 2 were important for RXFP3 binding to the agonist and antagonist, because alanine replacement significantly decreased the binding affinity of RXFP3 for both ligands.	Alanine	177-184	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	245-250
32611707-4	2020	Alanine mutagenesis has identified residues that disrupt the steroid potentiating effect at the rat GluN1 (G638; I642) and GluN2B (W559; M562; Y823; M824) subunit.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
32833435-0	2020	Computational Alanine Scanning and Structural Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein/Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Complex.	Alanine	14-21	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	73-78
32710088-6	2020	Alanine substitutions of unique D2L5 loop cysteines of LCaV3 channels increases relative monovalent ion current sizes and increases the potency of Zn2+ and Ni2+ block by ~ 50x and ~ 10x in loop cysteine mutated channels respectively, acquiring characteristics of the high affinity block of CaV3.2 channels, including the loss of the slowing of inactivation kinetics during Zn2+ block.	Alanine	0-7	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H	Homo sapiens	290-296
32833435-0	2020	Computational Alanine Scanning and Structural Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein/Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Complex.	Alanine	14-21	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	87-118
33073187-6	2020	Additionally, we find that alanine substitution of the helix-8 cysteine residue (Cys361Ala) led to a large decrease in both Galphaq/11 coupling and beta-arrestin-1/-2 recruitment to PAR2.	Alanine	27-34	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
32049370-2	2020	We found a novel frameshift trucation mutation c.1596_1597insAT, p. Gly533Metfs*82 in exon7 (V2 tail domian) of KRT1, which replacing the glycine-serine-rich tail of KRT1 with the alanine-rich 75 amino acids, developed a mild IHCM phenotype.	Alanine	180-187	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
32049370-2	2020	We found a novel frameshift trucation mutation c.1596_1597insAT, p. Gly533Metfs*82 in exon7 (V2 tail domian) of KRT1, which replacing the glycine-serine-rich tail of KRT1 with the alanine-rich 75 amino acids, developed a mild IHCM phenotype.	Alanine	180-187	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
32255678-8	2020	Our data suggest that alanine, arginine, cysteine, and proline, but not glutamine, are involved in the acute regulation of the liver-alpha-cell axis in female mice, as they all increased glucagon secretion and their disappearance rate was altered by GRA.	Alanine	22-29	glucagon	Mus musculus	187-195
32365141-7	2020	We performed systematic clustered charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis and identified a stable IE1 mutant protein (IE1cc172-176) with wild-type characteristics except for neither interacting with PML proteins nor inhibiting PML SUMOylation.	Alanine	44-51	ie1cc172-176	None	117-129
32172732-6	2020	A series of alanine-scanning analogs revealed a broad surface on the toxin molecule largely comprising positively-charged residues that is crucial for interaction with voltagegated Kv1.1 channels.	Alanine	12-19	potassium channel, voltage gated shaker related subfamily A, member 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	181-186
31095700-10	2020	Higher fat mass index was associated with higher concentrations of all branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine and tyrosine), and alanine in both sexes (p <= .008).	Alanine	127-134	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	7-10
3988831-7	1985	This greater extraction compensated for the decreased supply of alanine brought about by its decreased plasma concentration and the lower CBF.	Alanine	64-71	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
32014252-4	2020	Two new blaNDM-1 alleles that have polymorphisms in the signal peptide; NDM-1(P9R), a proline to arginine substitution, and NDM-2, a proline to alanine substitution (P28A) were studied.	Alanine	144-151	NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	8-16
32113707-7	2020	alpha1A-AR with the GSK3 putative target sites mutated to alanine exhibited reduced phosphorylation and internalization in response to agonists and increased PMA-induced desensitization.	Alanine	58-65	adrenoceptor alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-10
6091059-5	1984	From the nucleotide sequence, nascent rat myosin light chain 2 is predicted to have Met Ala preceding Pro at the N-terminal end.	Alanine	88-91	myosin light chain 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-62
6609366-2	1984	p21 molecules encoded by cellular ras genes (c-Ha-ras-1) contain an alanine at position 59, and thus these p21 molecules are not phosphorylated.	Alanine	68-75	transcription elongation factor A like 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32244430-6	2020	Here, we mapped the proteolytic sites of APE1 in AML cells at Lys31 and Lys32 and showed that substitution of Lys27, 31, 32 and 35 with alanine impairs proteolysis.	Alanine	136-143	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
6652134-2	1983	CPK-model was built and then conformational computations for (Gly-Ala-Hyp)n and (Gly-Ala-Ala)n were performed.	Alanine	66-69	phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-3
6652134-2	1983	CPK-model was built and then conformational computations for (Gly-Ala-Hyp)n and (Gly-Ala-Ala)n were performed.	Alanine	85-88	phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-3
31479802-11	2020	Mechanistically, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were found to be regulated in both cell types after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	132-135	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
6352478-3	1983	Elevation of aortic renin was still present at 6 hours, and this was associated with significant blood pressure elevation (p less than 0.05) which could be reversed by infusion of sarcosine, alanine, angiotensin II (saralasin).	Alanine	191-198	renin	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
32056718-3	2020	Alanine substitutions for six leucine residues in MIM1-like motif revealed that L142, L145, L146, and L149 are required for association of Ac93 with the MIT domain of Vps4.	Alanine	0-7	vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog A	Homo sapiens	167-171
6191759-3	1983	L-Alanine (1-20 mM) evoked a transient increase in cyclic AMP concentration accompanied by an initial decrease and subsequent increase in the tissue concentration of cyclic GMP.	Alanine	0-9	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	173-176
31430418-4	2020	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the first 60 residues in the CD40 ectodomain highlighted key amino acids important for binding of 2C10 and for binding of the noncross-blocking anti-CD40 antibodies 3A8 and 5D12.	Alanine	0-7	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-65
7174657-7	1982	This peptide in the rabbit enzyme, -Arg-Ile-Gln-Glu-Glu-Ala-Arg-Cys147-Leu-Val-Glu-Glu-Leu-Arg-, and the corresponding peptides containing Cys152 in P-450b and Cys134 in P-450cam may serve an essential function such as providing the axial thiolate ligand to the heme iron atom.	Alanine	56-59	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
31430418-4	2020	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the first 60 residues in the CD40 ectodomain highlighted key amino acids important for binding of 2C10 and for binding of the noncross-blocking anti-CD40 antibodies 3A8 and 5D12.	Alanine	0-7	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	181-185
6279643-6	1982	The tryptic fragment containing the major phosphorylation site was identified by amino acid composition and sequence as HMG 14 (residues 4-13): H-Lys-Val-Ser(P)-Ser-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Ala-Lys-OH.	Alanine	165-168	high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	120-126
6279643-6	1982	The tryptic fragment containing the major phosphorylation site was identified by amino acid composition and sequence as HMG 14 (residues 4-13): H-Lys-Val-Ser(P)-Ser-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Ala-Lys-OH.	Alanine	177-180	high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	120-126
31712308-4	2019	At pCa 3.7, actin filaments containing high-alanine TnT had an elevated ATPase rate like that obtained when the last TnT 14 residues were deleted.	Alanine	44-51	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	72-78
6279643-6	1982	The tryptic fragment containing the major phosphorylation site was identified by amino acid composition and sequence as HMG 14 (residues 4-13): H-Lys-Val-Ser(P)-Ser-Ala-Glu-Gly-Ala-Ala-Lys-OH.	Alanine	177-180	high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	120-126
6279643-9	1982	On the basis of amino acid composition, the tryptic peptides carrying the minor phosphorylation sites were identified as H-Leu-Ser(P)-Ala-Lys representing residues 23-26 and 27-30 of HMG 14 and HMG 17, respectively.	Alanine	134-137	high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	183-189
31740686-8	2019	Positions near the Ala binding site had rheostatic outcomes on allosteric coupling between Fru-1,6-BP and PEP binding.	Alanine	19-22	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	91-94
6896041-1	1982	In the goose, alanine and arginine, intravenously or orally administered, act in the same way on pancreatic hormones; they both stimulate insulin and glucagon secretions.	Alanine	14-21	insulin	Anas platyrhynchos	138-145
31740686-9	2019	In contrast, positions in the Fru-1,6-BP site exhibited modest effects on coupling between Ala and PEP binding.	Alanine	91-94	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	30-33
31519753-10	2019	In contrast, phosphomimetic substitution of the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3beta) site in the Pro/Ala-rich linker of C0-C2 did not significantly affect the TPA results.	Alanine	100-103	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	74-82
7041122-2	1982	These genes encode two histone H2A subtypes which are 131 amino acids in length but differ at 2 amino acid positions: an Ala leads to Thr and a Thr leads to Ala change at positions 124 and 125.	Alanine	121-124	histone H2A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-34
7041122-2	1982	These genes encode two histone H2A subtypes which are 131 amino acids in length but differ at 2 amino acid positions: an Ala leads to Thr and a Thr leads to Ala change at positions 124 and 125.	Alanine	157-160	histone H2A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-34
7185060-5	1982	We conclude that L-alanine uptake is greatest in the basal lateral membrane fraction after parathyroid hormone treatment in vivo.	Alanine	17-26	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	91-110
31400571-4	2019	Further, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicking peptides have been successfully tethered onto poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL):gelatin:(gelatin-methacryloyl) (GelMA)(1:0.5:0.5) NMs through photocrosslinking of the methacrylic group in GelMA and octenyl alanine (OCTAL) in the modified peptides.	Alanine	305-312	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	9-35
31400571-4	2019	Further, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mimicking peptides have been successfully tethered onto poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL):gelatin:(gelatin-methacryloyl) (GelMA)(1:0.5:0.5) NMs through photocrosslinking of the methacrylic group in GelMA and octenyl alanine (OCTAL) in the modified peptides.	Alanine	305-312	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
31717805-2	2019	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) is an enzyme which decomposes Sec into selenide and alanine, releasing the selenide to be further utilized to synthesize new selenoproteins.	Alanine	79-86	eukaryotic elongation factor, selenocysteine-tRNA-specific	Mus musculus	57-60
7019208-5	1981	Amino acids such as glycine and alanine, unlike alkylamines, did not resolve D-serine dehydratase but were competitive inhibitors of the enzyme.	Alanine	32-39	serine racemase	Homo sapiens	77-97
31717805-6	2019	Integrated omics revealed that biological pathways related to amino acid metabolism, particularly alanine and glycine metabolism, were affected in the liver by disruption of Scly in mice with selenium adequacy.	Alanine	98-105	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	174-178
7007383-3	1981	The results show that protease E has a pronounced selectivity for the carbonyl bonds of serine threonine, alanine, and valine residues, with the latter most favored.	Alanine	106-113	chymotrypsin like elastase 3A	Homo sapiens	22-32
31383768-6	2019	An AC6-N mutant, AC6-N-3A, in which three consecutive arginine residues are mutated to alanine residues, altered both binding to 4.1G-FERM and its plasma membrane distribution in vivo.	Alanine	87-94	adenylate cyclase 6	Homo sapiens	3-8
7194346-6	1981	CHO-K1 and K1-6 transport proline at the same initial rate and are equally sensitive to the inhibition of proline transport by alanine.	Alanine	127-134	keratin 16	Homo sapiens	0-15
31383768-6	2019	An AC6-N mutant, AC6-N-3A, in which three consecutive arginine residues are mutated to alanine residues, altered both binding to 4.1G-FERM and its plasma membrane distribution in vivo.	Alanine	87-94	adenylate cyclase 6	Homo sapiens	17-22
31422081-9	2019	ADAS-cog behavior scores were negatively correlated with D-glutamate (r = -0.177, p = 0.034) and L-glutamate (r = -0.250, p = 0.003), but positively correlated with D-alanine (r = 0.236, p = 0.005) and D-/Total- alanine ratio (r = 0.252, p = 0.002).	Alanine	167-174	alkylglycerone phosphate synthase	Homo sapiens	0-4
6165997-2	1981	beta 2-Microglobulin isolated from histocompatibility antigens of EL4.BU has alanine at this position, whereas that from C14 has aspartic acid.	Alanine	77-84	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	0-20
30789107-6	2019	In addition, a decrease in serum diamine oxidase activity and crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum was observed in piglets fed the Ala-Gln diets (P < 0.05).	Alanine	130-133	amine oxidase copper containing 1	Homo sapiens	33-48
6249374-1	1980	Any one of five amino acis (alanine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and serine) is an essential requirement for the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) in cultured chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells maintained with a salts/glucose, medium.	Alanine	28-35	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	130-153
32350069-3	2020	Preventing phosphorylation at this site (alanine substitution; S319A) relieved Cx37 of its growth suppressive effect whereas mimicking phosphorylation at this site (aspartate substitution; S319D) enhanced Cx37"s growth suppressive properties.	Alanine	41-48	gap junction protein, alpha 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
31227746-5	2019	We identified individual point mutations that: 1) mimicked allosteric inhibition by alanine, 2) mimicked inhibition by protein phosphorylation, and 3) prevented binding of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-BP).	Alanine	84-91	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	199-202
32058540-7	2020	In Tb1 protein, alanine (12.7-14.6%) was the most abundant amino acid with tryptophan as the rarest (0.5-0.9%).	Alanine	16-23	Transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1	Zea mays	3-6
7378321-5	1980	"N-terminal beta chain Ala" was elevated in the antigen of four of 20 patients, also suggesting plasmin activity (99th percentile).	Alanine	23-26	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	96-103
30730849-0	2019	Systematic alanine scanning of PAX8 paired domain reveals functional importance of the N-subdomain.	Alanine	11-18	paired box 8	Homo sapiens	31-35
574261-9	1979	Diisopropylphosphorofluoridate--a specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV--decreases the reabsorption of L-proline and L-alanine but has no influence on the reabsorption of the basic amino acid L-arginine and the acidic amino acid L-glutamic acid.	Alanine	125-134	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	56-79
574261-10	1979	This result correlates with a recent speculation that dipeptidyl peptidase IV is involved in proline and alanine reabosrption.	Alanine	105-112	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-77
932641-3	1976	Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-tyrpsine (GAT) stimulated the development of T cells capable of specifically suppressing the antibody responses in vivo and in vitro of nonresponder strains (bearing the H-2(s), H-2(q), and H-2(p) haplotypes) to GAT complexed with an immunogenic carrier, methylated bovine serum albumin, MBSA (1,2).	Alanine	89-98	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	318-321
31552690-5	2020	Mutation of conserved tryptophan residues W47, W93, and W106 in the FnII domains of PDC-109 to alanine leads to drastic decrease or complete abolition of membrane-binding and chaperone-like activities.	Alanine	95-102	seminal plasma protein PDC-109	Bos taurus	84-91
30730849-4	2019	Here, we conducted the first alanine scanning mutagenesis study, in which 132 alanine variants located in the paired domain of PAX8 were created and systematically evaluated in vitro.	Alanine	29-36	paired box 8	Homo sapiens	127-131
1112802-1	1975	Reactivation of ribonuclease 1-118 by the synthetic COOH-terminal tetradecapeptide, ribonuclease 111-124, and its O-methylserine and alanine analogs.	Alanine	133-140	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	16-30
30865465-2	2019	Glatiramer acetate was originally developed to emulate human myelin basic protein, which contains four different residues [alanine (A), glutamic acid (E), tyrosine (T), and lysine (K)].	Alanine	123-130	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	61-81
31770816-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that Pdcd1 methylation is correlated with PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells and correlated with HBsAg and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).	Alanine	136-143	programmed cell death 1	Sus scrofa	37-42
30629988-3	2019	Mice expressing a mutant form of CB1, in which the serine residues at two putative phosphorylation sites necessary for desensitization have been replaced by non-phosphorylatable alanines (S426A/S430A), display reduced tolerance to Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC).	Alanine	178-186	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	33-36
31851516-4	2020	L-Alanine peptide, a non-fluorescent analogue of 5-CN-2-TFPE-aniline, was synthesized and successfully employed as an enzyme probe to detect aminopeptidase N activity.	Alanine	0-9	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	141-157
1141204-15	1975	Intracellular concentrations of seven amino acids, including threonine, serine, proline, glycine, alanine, lysine, and arginine, were increased significantly in livers perfused with medium containing growth hormone...	Alanine	98-105	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	200-214
4126766-3	1973	In vivo, the antibody response in mice to the random terpolymer L-glutamic acid(50)-L-alanine(30)-L-tyrosine(10) (GAT) is controlled by a histocompatibility-linked immune response gene(s).	Alanine	84-93	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	114-117
31945107-2	2020	The E3 ligase Ltn1 adds ubiquitin and Rqc2 directs the large ribosomal subunit to append carboxy-terminal alanine and threonine residues (CAT tails).	Alanine	106-113	ubiquitin-protein ligase RKR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-18
30598510-3	2019	In accord with the proposed specificity-determining role of these residues, BG bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) weakly or not at all, and TGF-beta2 variants with the corresponding residues from BMP-2 bound BGZP-C more weakly than corresponding alanine variants.	Alanine	254-261	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	204-209
31605013-7	2020	Alanine substitution in PMEPA1a at PY motifs resulted in failed LATS1 degradation.	Alanine	0-7	large tumor suppressor	Mus musculus	64-69
24435664-7	1970	In one genetic background, su 1 did not significantly increase any amino acid but significantly decreased alanine and alpha aminobutyric acid.	Alanine	106-113	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	27-31
30696704-5	2019	Kinase-inactivating alanine substitutions for the invariant lysine in subdomain II or the aspartate in the DYG-loop of GC-A and GC-B failed to decrease enzyme phosphate content, consistent with the PKDs lacking kinase activity.	Alanine	20-27	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
34026845-5	2021	The ER/golgi localized transporter, SLC38A10, transports glutamate, glutamine, and alanine in brain cells, and the aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of removal of SLC38A10 in primary cortical cells under glutamate and oxidative challenges.	Alanine	83-90	solute carrier family 38, member 10	Mus musculus	36-44
33796945-5	2021	Correspondingly, upon substitution of wild-type gephyrin with recombinant gephyrin carrying alanine mutations at putative CDK5 phosphorylation sites the binding of gephyrin to MTs was increased.	Alanine	92-99	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
31717805-2	2019	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) is an enzyme which decomposes Sec into selenide and alanine, releasing the selenide to be further utilized to synthesize new selenoproteins.	Alanine	79-86	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	0-20
31717805-2	2019	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) is an enzyme which decomposes Sec into selenide and alanine, releasing the selenide to be further utilized to synthesize new selenoproteins.	Alanine	79-86	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	22-25
30696704-7	2019	The analogous lysine-to-alanine substitution in a glutamate-substituted phosphomimetic mutant form of GC-B also reduced enzyme activity, consistent with ATP stimulating guanylyl cyclase activity through an allosteric, phosphorylation-independent mechanism.	Alanine	24-31	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
29125030-5	2018	Moreover, the residue interaction networks analysis, the hydrogen bond occupancy analysis and the binding free energies were calculated to gain detailed insight into the influence of the mutant D61G on the two regions, revealing that the major differences between SHP2-WT and SHP2-D61G were the different interactions between Gly 61 and Gly 462, Gly 61 and Ala 461, Gln 506 and Ile 463, Gly 61 and Asn 58, Ile 463 and Thr 466, Gly 462 and Cys 459.	Alanine	357-360	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11	Mus musculus	276-280
32964459-5	2021	Using site-directed mutagenesis, we generated three recombinant RANKL mutants M200K/A/E (M200s) by replacing the methionine 200 with lysine (M200K), alanine (M200A), and glutamic acid (M200E), representative of distinct physical properties.	Alanine	149-156	TNF superfamily member 11	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
31371451-9	2019	Because this degron was required for an interaction of G0S2 with BAG6, an alanine-replaced G0S2 mutant (E44A) escaped degradation.	Alanine	74-81	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
30425632-12	2018	Finally, mutating a PKA phosphorylation site to non-phosphorylatable alanine largely abolished the ability of synapsin IIIa to rescue both augmentation and potentiation.	Alanine	69-76	synapsin III	Homo sapiens	110-123
31371451-9	2019	Because this degron was required for an interaction of G0S2 with BAG6, an alanine-replaced G0S2 mutant (E44A) escaped degradation.	Alanine	74-81	BAG cochaperone 6	Homo sapiens	65-69
31371451-9	2019	Because this degron was required for an interaction of G0S2 with BAG6, an alanine-replaced G0S2 mutant (E44A) escaped degradation.	Alanine	74-81	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
32737851-9	2021	The interaction model of C8 with hPD-1 was simulated and confirmed by alanine scanning.	Alanine	70-77	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
33685364-5	2021	The computational alanine scanning mutation study has recognized the highly stabilized amino acids in the SARS-CoV-2-S RBD/ACE2 complex.	Alanine	18-25	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
30131340-5	2018	RXFP3 residues were alanine-substituted individually and in combination and tested in cell-based binding and functional assays to refine models of agonist and antagonist binding to active- and inactive-state homology models of RXFP3, respectively.	Alanine	20-27	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
31278967-8	2019	Similar to cleavage preferences of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9 and -12, matrix metalloproteinase-14 prefers small and medium-sized hydrophobic residues including Gly, Ala, Leu and Val at cleavage site P1".	Alanine	175-178	matrix metallopeptidase 14	Homo sapiens	35-107
33574036-5	2021	Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels.	Alanine	60-67	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	147-152
30249661-5	2018	To investigate how these two different biochemical features, affinity and specificity, contribute to function, we created an unbiased panel of alanine mutations across the Cdc13 DNA-binding interface, including several aromatic amino acids that play critical roles in binding activity.	Alanine	143-150	telomere-binding protein CDC13	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	172-177
33535682-2	2021	Val16A (Ala) SOD2 polymorphism has been associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk.	Alanine	8-11	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
33535682-3	2021	We hypothesized that SOD2 Ala single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may promote EMT.	Alanine	26-29	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
31423718-4	2019	METHODS: We engineered two alanine mutations in human ZPI, one in the reactive loop P1 Y387 residue to inactivate the FXa/FXIa inhibitory function, and the second in the K239 binding interface residue to enhance the affinity of the inactive ZPI for PZ.	Alanine	27-34	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	54-57
31527837-5	2019	KAT2A selectively acetylates H2A.Z.1 versus H2A.Z.2 in vitro on several well-defined lysines and we unveiled that alanine-14 in H2A.Z.2 is responsible for inhibiting the activity of KAT2A.	Alanine	114-121	H2A.Z variant histone 2	Homo sapiens	128-135
30041084-11	2018	In maize roots and developing kernels PPDK was associated with alanine metabolism.	Alanine	63-70	pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	38-42
31533027-7	2019	Mechanistically, this vulnerability reflects the low expression of alanine aminotransferase, the enzyme required for interconverting pyruvate and alanine, whereas activated T cells instead induce alanine transporters.	Alanine	146-153	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	67-91
33609235-5	2021	The FZD3 silencing abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-340 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, Ala level, and glycolysis level in 786-O cells.	Alanine	116-119	frizzled class receptor 3	Homo sapiens	4-8
30225256-9	2018	Results: The MnSOD Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD compared to the Val/Val genotype (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.15-3.01).	Alanine	23-26	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
33553759-4	2021	Alanine substitution at Y913 and I916 in the pore helix of TRPM5 increased time constant of voltage-dependent inactivation.	Alanine	0-7	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5	Homo sapiens	59-64
31480609-2	2019	SCLY works as a homodimer, utilizing pyridoxal 5"-phosphate as a cofactor, and catalyzing the specific decomposition of the amino acid selenocysteine into alanine and selenide.	Alanine	155-162	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	0-4
30225256-9	2018	Results: The MnSOD Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD compared to the Val/Val genotype (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.15-3.01).	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
30225256-9	2018	Results: The MnSOD Val/Ala+Ala/Ala genotype was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD compared to the Val/Val genotype (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.15-3.01).	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
31335319-8	2019	Alanine raised blood glucose in fasted WT mice or fed Gcgr:Glp1rbetacell-/- mice, conditions where glucagon is unable to stimulate beta-cell activity.	Alanine	0-7	glucagon	Mus musculus	59-63
30225256-12	2018	Among cigarette smokers, the harmful genetic effect of MnSOD Ala allele on CAD risk was much higher (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.02-4.88).	Alanine	61-64	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
33154446-7	2020	Ser381 represents a phosphorylation site important for enhancing A20 activity that is abrogated by its mutation to alanine, or by a causal C243Y mutation that triggers human autoimmune disease.	Alanine	115-122	TNF alpha induced protein 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
29650988-6	2018	Interestingly, mutants of wild-type Kv1.3 lacking HRET(E) (deletion) or substituted with five alanines for the HRET(E) motif expressed current indistinguishable from the wild-type.	Alanine	94-102	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3	Homo sapiens	36-41
32741581-5	2020	Raised lactate and alanine levels on repeat cerebrospinal fluid testing resulted in further investigations that revealed a biotinidase deficiency.	Alanine	19-26	biotinidase	Homo sapiens	123-134
29552015-6	2018	Substituting the Thr360/Ser361/Thr363 cluster or the Ser370/Ser371 cluster with Ala residues modulated cellular response upon CCL20 stimulation.	Alanine	80-83	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	Homo sapiens	126-131
33123132-8	2020	We found that LA exerts pro-inflammatory response while ALA, EPA, and DHA induced anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of PRRs, phosphorylation of IKK and p38, and the nuclear translocation of p65.	Alanine	56-59	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	211-214
32810565-4	2020	We first demonstrated that the conserved large aliphatic B15Ile and B19Ile were important for the binding of the agonist and antagonist to RXFP3, because alanine replacement significantly decreased their receptor-binding potency.	Alanine	154-161	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	139-144
32810565-5	2020	Thereafter, we demonstrated that the conserved large aliphatic Leu246 and Leu248 in extracellular loop 2 were important for RXFP3 binding to the agonist and antagonist, because alanine replacement significantly decreased the binding affinity of RXFP3 for both ligands.	Alanine	177-184	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
30833299-8	2019	Finally, in genotyping studies of melanoma, we observed the first ever hyperactivating YAP mutations in a human cancer, manifest as seven distinct missense point mutations that caused serine to alanine transpositions.	Alanine	194-201	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	87-90
30842219-5	2019	Supporting this conclusion, mutation of PLN cysteines 46 and 41 to alanine reduces the HNO-induced enhancement of SERCA2a activity.	Alanine	67-74	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	40-43
28393624-1	2018	Alanine is encoded by the four codons of the GC box (GCA, GCG, GCU, and GCC).	Alanine	0-7	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	72-75
28393624-3	2018	The energy-minimized structures of all possible codon-anticodon combinations involving all the alanine codons GCA, GCG, GCU, and GCC with the alanine anticodons UGC, IGC, and VGC are studied using the AMBER software.	Alanine	95-102	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	129-132
28393624-3	2018	The energy-minimized structures of all possible codon-anticodon combinations involving all the alanine codons GCA, GCG, GCU, and GCC with the alanine anticodons UGC, IGC, and VGC are studied using the AMBER software.	Alanine	142-149	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	129-132
32883578-7	2020	However, deletion of the di-lysine motif or substitution of lysines in the motif for alanines, severely impaired glucuronidation activity of UGT1A9.	Alanine	85-93	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	141-147
29237773-10	2018	Finally, alanine scanning of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of TRBV4-1 revealed two unique residues, Arg30 and Tyr51, as critical in conferring CD1c-restricted autoreactivity, thus elucidating the molecular basis of the observed V gene bias.	Alanine	9-16	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	137-141
30964201-5	2019	METHODS: We performed alanine- and tryptophan-scanning mutagenesis in the GluN2C subunit followed by expression in HEK 293 cells and electrophysiological patch-clamp recording.	Alanine	22-29	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Homo sapiens	74-80
27822979-4	2017	Our results indicate that all the 12 hits showed good CNS drug-like properties, have better binding free energy and ADME profile as compared to co-crystallized ligand with the best ligand hit retaining conserved hydrogen bond interactions with Ala-166, Thr-168, Ser-145, and Arg-61 residues in bilobatevenus fly-trap domain of mGluR2 receptor.	Alanine	244-247	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	327-333
31071106-8	2019	The alanine scanning mutagenesis of Rap1 was performed to assess the role of anesthetic binding site in Rap1 activation and phagocytosis.	Alanine	4-11	RAS-related protein 1a	Mus musculus	36-40
33193612-12	2020	The SNP rs81117935 was found to be located within the Catenin Alpha 2 gene (CTNNA2) showing a possible association with the regulation of L-alanine concentration.	Alanine	138-147	catenin alpha-2	Bos taurus	54-69
33193612-12	2020	The SNP rs81117935 was found to be located within the Catenin Alpha 2 gene (CTNNA2) showing a possible association with the regulation of L-alanine concentration.	Alanine	138-147	catenin alpha-2	Bos taurus	76-82
33023349-6	2020	DNA analysis revealed a C>A transition at codon 26 of the alpha2-globin gene glutamic acid to replace alanine, corresponding to Hb Shenyang.	Alanine	102-109	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	58-71
28964831-9	2017	Based on sequence and structural analyses, we predicted the significance of targeting human APN residues: Ala-351, Arg-442, Ala-474, Phe-896 and Asn-900 for improving the selectivity of the identified compounds.	Alanine	106-109	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	92-95
32793900-6	2020	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed to predict changes in Gibbs free energy that are associated with mutating residues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface to alanine.	Alanine	14-21	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	187-191
32793900-6	2020	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed to predict changes in Gibbs free energy that are associated with mutating residues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface to alanine.	Alanine	213-220	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	187-191
31053155-7	2019	We further found that the muHD of SGIP1alpha is structurally similar to those of AP-2 and stonin2, and mutations at Trp771 and Lys781, which correspond to Syt1-recognition motifs of AP-2 and stonin2, to Ala bound less efficiently to Syt1 and failed to rescue the endocytic defect of Syt1 caused by KD.	Alanine	203-206	synaptotagmin 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
31641627-13	2019	The second sample harboured a missense mutation at position 1819 (TCC--GCC), wherein the codon 607 (TCC) coding for serine was substituted by alanine (GCC) which is a variant of unknown significance.	Alanine	142-149	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	71-74
31641627-13	2019	The second sample harboured a missense mutation at position 1819 (TCC--GCC), wherein the codon 607 (TCC) coding for serine was substituted by alanine (GCC) which is a variant of unknown significance.	Alanine	142-149	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	151-154
28964831-9	2017	Based on sequence and structural analyses, we predicted the significance of targeting human APN residues: Ala-351, Arg-442, Ala-474, Phe-896 and Asn-900 for improving the selectivity of the identified compounds.	Alanine	124-127	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	92-95
28684273-2	2017	Here, we report the identification of the first avian DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 (DDX41), an important DNA sensor, in chicken cells.	Alanine	68-71	DEAD-box helicase 41	Gallus gallus	97-102
31179341-1	2019	Our earlier studies demonstrated that cysteine414- (zinc-binding site of mCRY1-) alanine mutant mCRY1 transgenic mice (Tg mice) exhibit diabetes characterized by the reduction of beta-cell proliferation and by beta-cell dysfunction, presumably caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype- (SASP-) like characters of islets.	Alanine	81-88	aspartic peptidase, retroviral-like 1	Mus musculus	298-302
32660149-6	2020	Further overexpression and loss-of-function studies indicated that GPT1 was an essential regulator for alanine-supplemented HCC growth.	Alanine	103-110	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	67-71
32660149-8	2020	Mechanically, BBR-mediated metabolic reprogramming of alanine-supplemented HCC via GPT1 suppression attenuated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and thus suppressed HCC growth.	Alanine	54-61	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	83-87
32589661-5	2020	In this study we show that expression of the p120-catenin phosphorylation dead mutant, by converting six Serine and Threonine sites to Alanine, leads to enhanced E-cadherin adhesive binding strength in tumor cells.	Alanine	135-142	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	45-57
28893534-9	2017	In addition, Ala mutations of charged residues located in the C-terminal disordered part of TAF7 and EAF1 peptides affected the binding, with a loss of affinity characterized by a 10-time increase of dissociation constants.	Alanine	13-16	TATA-box binding protein associated factor 7	Homo sapiens	92-96
32347002-0	2020	Synaptic dysfunction induced by glycine-alanine dipeptides in C9orf72-ALS/FTD is rescued by SV2 replenishment.	Alanine	40-47	C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit	Homo sapiens	62-69
32245432-3	2020	RESULTS: In the previous study combined multi-omics integrative analysis and amino acid supplementation experiment, we predicted four amino acids (alanine, glutamate, glycine and aspartate) as the limited precursors for glucoamylase production in A. niger.	Alanine	147-154	ANI_1_820034	Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88	220-232
30905891-4	2019	We previously demonstrated that Drosophila TAND1 binds to TBP with a much stronger affinity than yeast TAND1 and that the expression levels of full-length chimeric Taf1p, whose TAND1 is replaced with the Drosophila counterpart, can be varied in vivo by substituting several methionine residues downstream of TAND2 with alanine residues in various combinations.	Alanine	319-326	histone acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	164-169
28893534-9	2017	In addition, Ala mutations of charged residues located in the C-terminal disordered part of TAF7 and EAF1 peptides affected the binding, with a loss of affinity characterized by a 10-time increase of dissociation constants.	Alanine	13-16	ELL associated factor 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
28818996-5	2017	Substituting alanine at serine residues 275, 302 and 328 eliminated Cx37-induced cell death, supported proliferation and reduced the GJCh closed state probability.	Alanine	13-20	gap junction protein, alpha 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
30825655-4	2019	The X-ray structure of CREB1 binding the half site GTCA identifies an alanine in the DNA binding region interacting with the methyl group of T, structurally analogous to the methyl group of methylated C. This alanine is replaced with a valine in CEBPB.	Alanine	70-77	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	246-251
30825655-4	2019	The X-ray structure of CREB1 binding the half site GTCA identifies an alanine in the DNA binding region interacting with the methyl group of T, structurally analogous to the methyl group of methylated C. This alanine is replaced with a valine in CEBPB.	Alanine	209-216	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	246-251
32139798-4	2020	Substituting amino acid residues with alanine disrupts the correct assembly of a protein complex containing LETM1 and prevents changes in the mitochondrial morphology induced by exogenous LETM1 expression.	Alanine	38-45	leucine zipper and EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
32139798-4	2020	Substituting amino acid residues with alanine disrupts the correct assembly of a protein complex containing LETM1 and prevents changes in the mitochondrial morphology induced by exogenous LETM1 expression.	Alanine	38-45	leucine zipper and EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	188-193
32139798-6	2020	LETM1 mutant proteins with alanine substitutions fail to facilitate the formation of invaginated membrane structures, suggesting that LETM1 plays a fundamental role in the organization of mitochondrial membrane morphology.	Alanine	27-34	leucine zipper and EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28684415-4	2017	Importantly, we also find that none of these residues in isolation plays a key role in IAPP self-assembly, whereas simultaneous substitution of four aromatic/hydrophobic residues with Ala dramatically impairs both IAPP self-assembly and hetero-assembly with Abeta40(42).	Alanine	184-187	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	214-218
31980622-4	2020	Expression of mutant ASIC1a bearing truncation or glutamate-to-alanine substitutions at distal NT causes constitutive cell death.	Alanine	63-70	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	21-27
30256395-6	2019	Mutant nucleolin was obtained by site directed mutagenesis in vitro: threonine at 76 and 84 was replaced by alanine, and we found that the protective effect of nucleolin on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress was dependent on its phosphorylation at 76 and 84 in H9C2 cells.	Alanine	108-115	nucleolin	Rattus norvegicus	7-16
30256395-6	2019	Mutant nucleolin was obtained by site directed mutagenesis in vitro: threonine at 76 and 84 was replaced by alanine, and we found that the protective effect of nucleolin on apoptosis induced by oxidative stress was dependent on its phosphorylation at 76 and 84 in H9C2 cells.	Alanine	108-115	nucleolin	Rattus norvegicus	160-169
30730849-4	2019	Here, we conducted the first alanine scanning mutagenesis study, in which 132 alanine variants located in the paired domain of PAX8 were created and systematically evaluated in vitro.	Alanine	78-85	paired box 8	Homo sapiens	127-131
30730849-5	2019	We found that 76 alanine variants (55%) were loss of function (LOF) variants (defined by &lt;30% activity as compared with wild type PAX8).	Alanine	17-24	paired box 8	Homo sapiens	133-137
31936855-6	2020	This PKC- and PIP2-mediated gating mechanism is regulated by the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase (MARCKS) and is coupled to store depletion by TRPC1-STIM1 interactions which induce Gq/PLCbeta1 activity.	Alanine	100-107	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	123-129
28655768-6	2017	PORCN-mediated Wnt acylation was abolished when the Wnt peptide was treated with DTT, and did not occur with a linear (non-disulfide-bonded) peptide, or when the double disulfide-bonded Wnt peptide contained Ala substituted for the Ser acylation site.	Alanine	208-211	porcupine O-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-5
31936855-6	2020	This PKC- and PIP2-mediated gating mechanism is regulated by the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase (MARCKS) and is coupled to store depletion by TRPC1-STIM1 interactions which induce Gq/PLCbeta1 activity.	Alanine	100-107	phospholipase C beta 1	Homo sapiens	209-217
30649102-7	2019	Serine to alanine substitution that abolishes p75 interaction showed a loss of neuroprotective effect.	Alanine	10-17	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
28778955-8	2017	Phosphomimetics (amino acid substitutions that mimic a phosphorylated protein) of HDA6 resulted in increased enzymatic activity, whereas the mutation of S427 to alanine in HDA6 abolished its interaction with SUVH5 and SUVH6, suggesting that the phosphorylation of HDA6 is important for its activity and function.	Alanine	161-168	SU(VAR)3-9 homolog 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	208-213
30453148-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular modeling suggested that EC suppressed p38 MAPK signaling by hydrogen bonding with Glu71, Ala 111, Asp112, and Leu171 in the active site of p38alpha.	Alanine	112-115	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	61-64
30453148-10	2019	Furthermore, molecular modeling suggested that EC suppressed p38 MAPK signaling by hydrogen bonding with Glu71, Ala 111, Asp112, and Leu171 in the active site of p38alpha.	Alanine	112-115	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	162-170
31587376-7	2020	A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the body-mass index, waist circumference, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and homeostatic model assessment of IR were independently associated with hepassocin after adjusting for age, sex, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, log triglycerides, alanine transaminase, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate.	Alanine	360-367	fibrinogen like 1	Homo sapiens	200-210
31895778-0	2020	The serum interleukin-26 level is a potential biomarker for chronical hepatitis B. Proinflammatory interleukin-26 (IL-26) is involved in chronic inflammation; however, the role of IL-26 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown.In this study, serum IL-26 was quantified in a cohort of CHB patients at baseline and during telbivudine (LdT) treatment.Our results showed that the serum IL-26 level was significantly elevated in CHB patients compared with that in healthy controls and was time-dependently decreased during LdT treatment, accompanying hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion and reduced serum levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase across baseline and treatment.	Alanine	680-687	interleukin 26	Homo sapiens	115-120
28778955-8	2017	Phosphomimetics (amino acid substitutions that mimic a phosphorylated protein) of HDA6 resulted in increased enzymatic activity, whereas the mutation of S427 to alanine in HDA6 abolished its interaction with SUVH5 and SUVH6, suggesting that the phosphorylation of HDA6 is important for its activity and function.	Alanine	161-168	SU(VAR)3-9 homolog 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	218-223
31894111-3	2019	Computational alanine scanning identifies two hotspot regions at the crystal complex interface of BMP2 with its type-IA receptor; promising one is stripped from the interface to derive a linear self-inhibitory peptide RPS2[r78-94] that covers residues 78-94 of the receptor protein.	Alanine	14-21	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
28559428-5	2017	Mutation of D836 to alanine in the activation loop of phosphorylation site mutants nearly completely abolished HAC1 splicing, induction of KAR2, PDI1, and beta-galactosidase reporters, and survival of ER stress, but it had no effect on clustering of Ire1.	Alanine	20-27	bifunctional endoribonuclease/protein kinase IRE1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	250-254
31697912-8	2019	To further characterize the efflux function of TMEM163, we substituted alanine in two homologous aspartate residues (D124A/D128A) and performed site-directed mutagenesis of several conserved amino acid residues identified as non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (S61R, S95C, S193P, and E286K).	Alanine	71-78	transmembrane protein 163	Homo sapiens	47-54
30052294-4	2019	Coordination of F-Tyr in the active site of this IYD closely mimics that of iodotyrosine and only minor perturbations are observed after replacement of an active site Thr with Ala.	Alanine	176-179	iodotyrosine deiodinase	Homo sapiens	49-52
28640323-3	2017	Based on previous work by us and others, we generated TAFI variants with one or more of residues Lys 42, Lys 43, Lys 44 and Arg 12 within the activation peptide mutated to alanine.	Alanine	172-179	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	54-58
30652031-7	2018	Results: Ala carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism had higher adiposity measures (BMI: p=0.031, and fat mass: p=0.049) and systolic blood pressure (p=0.026) compared to Pro homozygotes.	Alanine	9-12	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
30652031-9	2018	When genotypes were combined, individuals with genotypes ProAla + AlaAla and GC + CC presented higher BMI (p=0.029) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumption (p=0.045) compared to the ones with genotypes ProPro and GG, and individuals carriers of the PPARG2 Ala allele only (genotype ProAla + AlaAla and GG) had higher fat mass and systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the ones with genotypes ProPro and GG.	Alanine	60-63	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
31606529-4	2019	The aim of the present work was to synthesize and characterise the self-assembling behaviour of PEGylated alanine- or valine based amphiphilic octapeptides (mPEG1.9kDa-DDAAAAAA and mPEG1.9kDa-DDVVVVVV) in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones (DDAAAAAA and DDVVVVVV).	Alanine	106-113	mesoderm specific transcript	Mus musculus	157-162
31606529-4	2019	The aim of the present work was to synthesize and characterise the self-assembling behaviour of PEGylated alanine- or valine based amphiphilic octapeptides (mPEG1.9kDa-DDAAAAAA and mPEG1.9kDa-DDVVVVVV) in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones (DDAAAAAA and DDVVVVVV).	Alanine	106-113	mesoderm specific transcript	Mus musculus	181-186
29442024-6	2017	In addition, EA-AK0 increased threonine-286 (T286) phosphorylation of cyclin D1, and a point mutation of T286 to alanine attenuated cyclin D1 degradation by EA-AK0.	Alanine	113-120	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	132-141
31344440-5	2019	Further investigation of such interaction using mutational analyses revealed that mutating the alanine residue at 175 residue of beta-arrestin2 to phenylalanine impairs interaction with PSD-95.	Alanine	95-102	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	186-192
30237469-10	2018	NRZ engagement of Bad BH3 involves the canonical ionic interaction between NRZ R86 and Bad D104 and an additional ionic interaction between NRZ D79 and Bad R100, and substitution of either NRZ R86 or D79 to Ala reduces the binding to Bad BH3 tenfold or more.	Alanine	207-210	BCL2 like 10	Danio rerio	0-3
31799684-8	2019	The content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),  and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in SOCS3 transfection group was significantly lower than in model group.	Alanine	15-22	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
28482710-8	2017	Moreover, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SOD2 genotype was a significant predictor of pre-training whole blood GPx activity and erythrocyte SOD activity (Val/Val &gt; Ala/Val &gt; Ala/Ala).	Alanine	183-186	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
31391274-6	2019	We also showed that alanine substitution of UL31 R281 and D282 reduced HSV-1 replication, caused aberrant accumulation of capsids in the nucleus, and induced an accumulation of empty vesicles, that were similar in size and morphology to primary envelopes, in the perinuclear space.	Alanine	20-27	nuclear egress lamina protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	44-48
30122033-4	2018	The tandem qRRMs are connected through a 10-residue linker, with several amino acids strictly conserved between hnRNP H and F. A significant difference occurs at position 105 of the linker, where hnRNP H contains a proline and hnRNP F an alanine.	Alanine	238-245	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1	Homo sapiens	196-203
30122033-4	2018	The tandem qRRMs are connected through a 10-residue linker, with several amino acids strictly conserved between hnRNP H and F. A significant difference occurs at position 105 of the linker, where hnRNP H contains a proline and hnRNP F an alanine.	Alanine	238-245	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F	Homo sapiens	227-234
28482710-8	2017	Moreover, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SOD2 genotype was a significant predictor of pre-training whole blood GPx activity and erythrocyte SOD activity (Val/Val &gt; Ala/Val &gt; Ala/Ala).	Alanine	183-186	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	57-60
28341806-4	2017	Although substitutions of Ala for three Thr residues in the TPG repeat did not affect lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane, these substitutions inhibited endocytosis and strongly compromised the polar localization of GFP-NIP5;1.	Alanine	26-29	NOD26-like intrinsic protein 5;1	Arabidopsis thaliana	225-231
30283470-7	2018	Recombinant SS2 was shown to be phosphorylated by chloroplast protein kinases and recombinant casein kinase II at two N-terminal serine residues (S63, S65), but mutation of these phosphorylation sites (Ser&gt;Ala) revealed that they are not required for homo-dimerization.	Alanine	209-212	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-15
30100068-5	2018	Alanine substitution at D75 blocks caspase-1-mediated RILP cleavage.	Alanine	0-7	Rab interacting lysosomal protein	Homo sapiens	54-58
30194346-5	2018	Transfection of Matrin-3 plasmids in which the serine 208 residue was point-mutated to alanine (Ser208Ala mutant Matrin3) and inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM kinase), which phosphorylates Matrin-3 Ser208 residue, caused neuronal differentiation and decreased the proliferation of neurosphere-forming stem cells.	Alanine	87-94	matrin 3	Mus musculus	16-24
31260699-4	2019	SNAP-23 Cys- mutant, devoid of all five cysteines, and SNAP-23 P119A (proline to alanine) mutant, that likely interferes with palmitoylation of SNAP-23 by palmitoyl transferases are completely cytosolic.	Alanine	81-88	synaptosome associated protein 23	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
31260699-4	2019	SNAP-23 Cys- mutant, devoid of all five cysteines, and SNAP-23 P119A (proline to alanine) mutant, that likely interferes with palmitoylation of SNAP-23 by palmitoyl transferases are completely cytosolic.	Alanine	81-88	synaptosome associated protein 23	Rattus norvegicus	55-62
31260699-5	2019	Mutating specific cysteines (Cys; C) to leucine or phenylalanine (L or F; retains hydrophobicity but lacks palmitoylation) partially decreases the membrane association of SNAP-23 which is further hampered by alanine (A; has lesser hydrophobicity, and lacks palmitoylation) mutation at C79, C80 or C83 position.	Alanine	57-64	synaptosome associated protein 23	Rattus norvegicus	171-178
31412725-9	2019	Overexpression of mutant MTA3, in which the two cysteine residues are replaced by alanine residues, impairs the generation of iPSCs.	Alanine	82-89	metastasis associated 3	Mus musculus	25-29
31173968-2	2019	This regulation is based on inhibition of translation of the virally-encoded EBNA1 mRNA, and involves the interaction of host protein nucleolin (NCL) with G-quadruplex (G4) structures that form in the glycine-alanine repeat (GAr)-encoding sequence of the EBNA1 mRNA.	Alanine	209-216	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	134-143
27998718-9	2017	In support of this idea, CaMKIIalpha modulation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors is abrogated by the phospho-null mutation of Ser1303 in GluN2B to alanine and occluded by phospho-mimetic mutation of Ser1303 to aspartate regardless of intracellular Cl- concentration.	Alanine	139-146	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	51-57
31173968-2	2019	This regulation is based on inhibition of translation of the virally-encoded EBNA1 mRNA, and involves the interaction of host protein nucleolin (NCL) with G-quadruplex (G4) structures that form in the glycine-alanine repeat (GAr)-encoding sequence of the EBNA1 mRNA.	Alanine	209-216	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	145-148
31351147-14	2019	Alanine substitution of the Spa2 phosphorylation sites targeted by Gpa1/Fus3 lead to a dramatic defect in pheromone gradient sensing and zygote formation.	Alanine	0-7	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-71
31163284-8	2019	Furthermore, both in co-cultured 3T3 fibroblasts and CAFs, a reduction in the expression of a-SMA and FAP was observed after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	125-128	fibroblast activation protein	Mus musculus	102-105
31163284-10	2019	The findings indicated an inhibitory effect of ALA-PDT on the activation of CAFs in cSCC.	Alanine	47-50	cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	84-88
30194346-5	2018	Transfection of Matrin-3 plasmids in which the serine 208 residue was point-mutated to alanine (Ser208Ala mutant Matrin3) and inhibition of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM kinase), which phosphorylates Matrin-3 Ser208 residue, caused neuronal differentiation and decreased the proliferation of neurosphere-forming stem cells.	Alanine	87-94	matrin 3	Mus musculus	113-120
27998718-9	2017	In support of this idea, CaMKIIalpha modulation of GluN2B-NMDA receptors is abrogated by the phospho-null mutation of Ser1303 in GluN2B to alanine and occluded by phospho-mimetic mutation of Ser1303 to aspartate regardless of intracellular Cl- concentration.	Alanine	139-146	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	129-135
29959227-8	2018	Furthermore, we identified serine 166 as a Yaf2 phosphorylation site, and we demonstrate that mutation of this site to alanine (S166A) compromises Ring1B-mediated H2A monoubiquitination and in turn its ability to repress target gene expression.	Alanine	119-126	YY1 associated factor 2	Mus musculus	43-47
31437223-9	2019	By substituting basic residues with alanine within this sequence, we demonstrated that the JDV Rev NLS encompasses aa 76 to 86, and is exclusively composed of arginine residues, whereas a bipartite NoLS was observed for the first time in any retroviral Rev/Rev-like proteins.	Alanine	36-43	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	95-98
27726058-10	2017	However, after three potential glycosylation sites (Ser-7, Thr-33, Ser-34:) of vimentin were mutated to alanine, overexpression of the mutated vimentin completely lost the enhancement activity for the neural differentiation even in the presence of CycloManN pro.	Alanine	104-111	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	79-87
30159058-8	2018	The data obtained suggest that the replacement of threonine by alanine in the 83rd position of the MGP molecule can affect the functional properties of the protein and in particular its anticarcinogenic properties.	Alanine	63-70	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	99-102
30159058-9	2018	Although there was no difference in the distribution of different variants of the genotype by Thr83Ala to the MGP gene polymorphism in patients with CA and healthy patients, but in the distribution of genotypes in the comparison groups separated by sex, it was found that in women, carriage of the Ala allele in a homozygous state is a factor, which protects the development of arterial calcination in the elderly and senile.	Alanine	99-102	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	110-113
31288444-4	2019	To understand a role of these residues in structure and function of human recoverin, we sequentially substituted them for alanine and studied the resulting mutants by a set of biophysical methods.	Alanine	122-129	recoverin	Homo sapiens	74-83
27726058-10	2017	However, after three potential glycosylation sites (Ser-7, Thr-33, Ser-34:) of vimentin were mutated to alanine, overexpression of the mutated vimentin completely lost the enhancement activity for the neural differentiation even in the presence of CycloManN pro.	Alanine	104-111	vimentin	Rattus norvegicus	143-151
27750369-7	2017	Surprisingly, MM1 retains metal ion binding affinity even in the presence of selective alanine mutations of the primary zinc coordinating amino acid residues.	Alanine	87-94	prefoldin subunit 5	Homo sapiens	14-17
31067009-0	2019	Novel variants and clinical symptoms in four new ALG3-CDG patients, review of the literature, and identification of AAGRP-ALG3 as a novel ALG3 variant with alanine and glycine-rich N-terminus.	Alanine	156-163	ALG3 alpha-1,3- mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-126
31067009-0	2019	Novel variants and clinical symptoms in four new ALG3-CDG patients, review of the literature, and identification of AAGRP-ALG3 as a novel ALG3 variant with alanine and glycine-rich N-terminus.	Alanine	156-163	ALG3 alpha-1,3- mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	122-126
29410121-12	2018	Treatment with CN21 (CaMKII inhibitor) reversed the reductions in IKs vs CN21-Alanine control (P &lt; .01).	Alanine	78-85	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	21-27
29614522-9	2018	SPR-based assays using recombinant FVIII mutants with one or both residues substituted to alanine demonstrated that K408A and K408A/S409A had approximately fourfold high Kd values of wild-type (WT-)FVIII.	Alanine	90-97	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	35-40
29703898-4	2018	TAK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates alphaTAT1 at Ser237 to critically enhance its catalytic activity, as mutating this site to alanine abrogates, whereas a phosphomimetic induces MT hyperacetylation across cell types.	Alanine	139-146	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	0-4
27834209-6	2017	They also revealed intercellular concentration gradients of aspartate, alanine, and phosphenolpyruvate to drive a second phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-type shuttle, which carries 10-14% of the carbon into the bundle sheath.	Alanine	71-78	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)	Zea mays	121-154
30981509-4	2019	In heterozygous mice with S282 gene substituted with alanine (S282A), we found ventricular arrhythmias with inhibition of Cx43 phosphorylation at both S282 and S279 in the hearts.	Alanine	53-60	gap junction protein, alpha 3	Mus musculus	122-126
30981860-5	2019	However, such an effect was ablated in mice with Ser845 residue of GluA1 mutated to alanine.	Alanine	84-91	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	67-72
27834209-6	2017	They also revealed intercellular concentration gradients of aspartate, alanine, and phosphenolpyruvate to drive a second phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-type shuttle, which carries 10-14% of the carbon into the bundle sheath.	Alanine	71-78	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)	Zea mays	156-161
27959439-0	2017	Alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein, Aard, is directly regulated by androgen receptor in mouse Sertoli cells.	Alanine	0-7	alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein	Mus musculus	53-57
27959439-1	2017	Alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein (Aard) is specifically expressed in Sertoli cells (SCs) of mouse testis and the expression increases in an age-dependent manner.	Alanine	0-7	alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein	Mus musculus	53-57
30894418-10	2019	A metabolomics analysis showed significant changes in metabolites including amino acids in mab1 and, in particular, identified an accumulation of Ala.	Alanine	146-149	Transketolase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-95
27055786-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicated that the Ala allele of the MnSOD gene polymorphism increases prostate cancer susceptibility.	Alanine	51-54	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
30910359-9	2019	Mutation of both serine residues to alanine interfered with the inhibitory effect of MST2 and SAV1 on the transcriptional activity of Runx2 and osteoblast differentiation induced by Runx2.	Alanine	36-43	serine/threonine kinase 3	Mus musculus	85-89
28427307-4	2018	The last 30 ns of molecular dynamics trajectory have shown the strong interaction of LyP-1 with the inner surface chains of p32, especially with chains B and C. ALA-SCAN mutagenesis studies have indicated the considerable influence of Asn3, Lys4, Arg5, and Arg7 amino acid residues on the specific binding of LyP-1.	Alanine	161-164	inhibitor of growth family member 2	Homo sapiens	124-127
29335521-7	2018	The proteasome-dependent degradation of CDK4 was accelerated by disrupting the interaction of PFKFB3 with CDK4 by mutating lysine (147) to alanine.	Alanine	139-146	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
29335521-7	2018	The proteasome-dependent degradation of CDK4 was accelerated by disrupting the interaction of PFKFB3 with CDK4 by mutating lysine (147) to alanine.	Alanine	139-146	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
28008944-7	2016	Nav1.6 sodium currents were increased by APPT668E (mutant Thr to Glu) and decreased by T668A (mutant Thr to ALa) mutant, respectively.	Alanine	108-111	neuron navigator 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
29276894-5	2018	As a proof of principle, we apply this technique to the screening of libraries of a double-alanine mutant of the mini-ferritin, DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps).	Alanine	91-98	zinc finger protein 763	Homo sapiens	128-147
30317579-8	2019	When these tyrosine residues are all substituted for alanine residues, the deacetylase activity of mutant HDAC3 was abolished.	Alanine	53-60	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	106-111
30759340-4	2019	Docking studies revealed that BAP2 and analogues bind to His256 in the b" domain of PDI, and mutation of His256 to Ala abolishes BAP2 analogue activity.	Alanine	115-118	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	84-87
27793802-6	2016	Full-length CFTR stably expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells fostered NHERF1 oligomerization that was substantially reduced (~5-fold) on alanine substitution of EEN, KVR, or EENKVR residues or deletion of the TRL motif.	Alanine	156-163	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	12-16
27545408-9	2016	The TCA cycle metabolic pathways and the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were identified as significant metabolic pathways involved with SCP.	Alanine	41-48	cysteine-rich secretory protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
30918126-5	2019	Phosphorylation of YAP1 is crucial for this signaling process because a YAP1 mutant harboring alanine substitutions (Mt-YAP5SA) in LATS1 kinase recognition sites not only resists degradation but also rescues YAP1 transcriptional activity in BRCA1-deficient cells.	Alanine	94-101	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	19-23
30918126-5	2019	Phosphorylation of YAP1 is crucial for this signaling process because a YAP1 mutant harboring alanine substitutions (Mt-YAP5SA) in LATS1 kinase recognition sites not only resists degradation but also rescues YAP1 transcriptional activity in BRCA1-deficient cells.	Alanine	94-101	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
30918126-5	2019	Phosphorylation of YAP1 is crucial for this signaling process because a YAP1 mutant harboring alanine substitutions (Mt-YAP5SA) in LATS1 kinase recognition sites not only resists degradation but also rescues YAP1 transcriptional activity in BRCA1-deficient cells.	Alanine	94-101	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
29391504-6	2018	Furthermore, the hAOC3 inhibitors semicarbazide and imidazole reduce the binding of wild type and Arg/Ala mutated Siglec-9 peptides to hAOC3.	Alanine	102-105	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
29391504-6	2018	Furthermore, the hAOC3 inhibitors semicarbazide and imidazole reduce the binding of wild type and Arg/Ala mutated Siglec-9 peptides to hAOC3.	Alanine	102-105	amine oxidase copper containing 3	Homo sapiens	135-140
32512682-5	2016	We previously identified that mouse and human RGD domains in DSPP required the cleavage of an Ala-Ser peptide bond, next to the RGD domains, to become active.	Alanine	94-97	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	61-65
29385050-2	2018	Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) catalyzes hydrolysis of selenocysteine to selenide and alanine, facilitating re-utilization of Se for de novo selenoprotein synthesis.	Alanine	83-90	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	0-20
29385050-2	2018	Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) catalyzes hydrolysis of selenocysteine to selenide and alanine, facilitating re-utilization of Se for de novo selenoprotein synthesis.	Alanine	83-90	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	22-26
30971568-3	2019	Hemoglobin (Hb) Fontainebleau is a rare alpha globin chain variant [alpha 21(B2) Ala Pro], of which only three families have been reported from India in the past.	Alanine	81-84	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	40-52
32512682-8	2016	However, upon investigating the peptide bond next to the RGD domains of DSPP in 37 species, we found most catarrhini, in which humans are classified, possess the Ala-Ser bond.	Alanine	162-165	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	72-76
30546002-4	2019	Replacing an evolutionarily conserved PKA site (S31) in Dam1p with a nonphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the high-copy PKA dosage lethality in dam1-1 Consistent with Dam1p as a target of PKA, we find that in vitro PKA can directly phosphorylate S31 in Dam1p and we observed phosphorylation of S31 in Dam1p purified from asynchronously growing yeast cells.	Alanine	89-96	Dam1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	146-150
30546002-4	2019	Replacing an evolutionarily conserved PKA site (S31) in Dam1p with a nonphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the high-copy PKA dosage lethality in dam1-1 Consistent with Dam1p as a target of PKA, we find that in vitro PKA can directly phosphorylate S31 in Dam1p and we observed phosphorylation of S31 in Dam1p purified from asynchronously growing yeast cells.	Alanine	89-96	Dam1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	169-174
30546002-4	2019	Replacing an evolutionarily conserved PKA site (S31) in Dam1p with a nonphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the high-copy PKA dosage lethality in dam1-1 Consistent with Dam1p as a target of PKA, we find that in vitro PKA can directly phosphorylate S31 in Dam1p and we observed phosphorylation of S31 in Dam1p purified from asynchronously growing yeast cells.	Alanine	89-96	Dam1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	169-174
30546002-4	2019	Replacing an evolutionarily conserved PKA site (S31) in Dam1p with a nonphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the high-copy PKA dosage lethality in dam1-1 Consistent with Dam1p as a target of PKA, we find that in vitro PKA can directly phosphorylate S31 in Dam1p and we observed phosphorylation of S31 in Dam1p purified from asynchronously growing yeast cells.	Alanine	89-96	Dam1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	169-174
27325180-4	2016	The rs4880 encodes Ala16Val in SOD2 and the Val variant has been demonstrated to be functionally less efficient than the Ala variant.	Alanine	19-22	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
30582672-9	2019	Methods Alanine scanning mutagenesis was utilized to produce 70 single point mutations of PF4.	Alanine	8-15	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	90-93
30582672-15	2019	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, we characterized possible binding sites of pathogenic HIT antibodies on PF4.	Alanine	6-13	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	108-111
29732121-4	2018	We previously established a bump-&amp;-hole system for the BET bromodomains, pairing a leucine/alanine mutation with an ethyl-derived analogue of an established benzodiazepine scaffold.	Alanine	95-102	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	59-62
27303047-6	2016	The decreased TNAP activity was restored by expressing hZnT5 with hZnT6 or hZnT7, but significantly less so (almost 90% less) by expressing mutants thereof in which the PP-motif was mutated to alanine (PP-AA).	Alanine	193-200	TNAP	Homo sapiens	14-18
29113986-7	2018	In a preplanned exploratory analysis, PSADT pre-to-post increase was significant in the 27 (26%) genotyped patients with SOD2 Alanine/Alanine genotype (rs4880 T&gt;C polymorphism) on MPX (pooled treatment arms; 6.4 months, P = 0.02), but not in control (1.8 months, P = 0.25).Conclusions: Compared with placebo, MPX did not significantly prolong PSADT in BCR patients over two different doses.	Alanine	126-133	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
30497781-9	2019	Through additional alanine scanning, we further identified that S239, S247, S254, S266, S376, S554 and S555 on full length Dsh were phosphorylated by ULK1.	Alanine	19-26	Autophagy-related 1	Drosophila melanogaster	150-154
27316455-5	2016	In addition, we found that substitution of the L(711)YM(713) sequence (located in the C-terminal region of ATG9A) by alanine residues severely impaired its transport through the Golgi apparatus.	Alanine	117-124	autophagy related 9A	Homo sapiens	107-112
30266825-5	2018	The phospho-acceptor serine residues in MAP1S, CEP131 and DLG5 lie in the motif RPXSA, although CDKL5 can tolerate residues other than Ala immediately C-terminal to the phospho-acceptor serine.	Alanine	135-138	microtubule associated protein 1S	Homo sapiens	40-45
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	34-37	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	192-198
30538178-3	2018	Mutation of Y177 and/or Y173 to phenylalanine or alanine dramatically altered the susceptibility of diverse HIV-1 strains to neutralization, increasing sensitivity to weakly and nonneutralizing antibodies directed against diverse Env regions, consistent with the adoption of an open trimer configuration.	Alanine	38-45	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	230-233
29016838-5	2017	Interrogation of HAND1 sequence from fixed HLHS tissues identified a somatic frame-shift mutation at Alanine 126 (NP_004812.1 p.Ala126Profs13X defined as Hand1A126fs).	Alanine	101-108	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1	Mus musculus	17-22
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	38-41	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	192-198
28910420-4	2017	Substitution of 4 lysines within residues 101-110 of rPrP (central lysine cluster) with alanines (K4A) or asparagines (K4N) allows formation of aggregates with extended proteinase K (PK) resistant cores reminiscent of PrPSc, particularly when seeded with PrPSc.	Alanine	88-96	prion protein	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	38-41	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	192-198
28910420-4	2017	Substitution of 4 lysines within residues 101-110 of rPrP (central lysine cluster) with alanines (K4A) or asparagines (K4N) allows formation of aggregates with extended proteinase K (PK) resistant cores reminiscent of PrPSc, particularly when seeded with PrPSc.	Alanine	88-96	prion protein	Mus musculus	218-223
27447686-0	2016	l-glutamine and l-alanine supplementation increase glutamine-glutathione axis and muscle HSP-27 in rats trained using a progressive high-intensity resistance exercise.	Alanine	16-25	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
28910420-4	2017	Substitution of 4 lysines within residues 101-110 of rPrP (central lysine cluster) with alanines (K4A) or asparagines (K4N) allows formation of aggregates with extended proteinase K (PK) resistant cores reminiscent of PrPSc, particularly when seeded with PrPSc.	Alanine	88-96	prion protein	Mus musculus	255-260
28655148-4	2017	Common functional polymorphisms have been described in the MnSOD gene [rs4880, NM_000636.3:c.47 T &gt; C, alanine (ALA) to valine (Val)] and in the CAT promoter region [rs1001179, NG_013339.1:g.4760 C &gt; T].	Alanine	106-113	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
28655148-4	2017	Common functional polymorphisms have been described in the MnSOD gene [rs4880, NM_000636.3:c.47 T &gt; C, alanine (ALA) to valine (Val)] and in the CAT promoter region [rs1001179, NG_013339.1:g.4760 C &gt; T].	Alanine	115-118	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
30176570-4	2018	Particularly, the new dipeptide-sulfonamide conjugates incorporating Ala, Phe and Met in the dipeptide sequence, showed the most effective inhibitory activity against to CA IX and XII.	Alanine	69-72	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	170-175
27332127-6	2016	The substitution of hydrophobic Ala with His or Arg in the central region of the EDEM1 or SPAST peptides, respectively, attenuated their ability to flip phospholipids.	Alanine	32-35	spastin	Homo sapiens	90-95
30118903-2	2018	Here we showed that ALA-PDT significantly upregulated HMGB1 while downregulated miR-34a expression levels in cervical cancer tissues, and the percentages of mature DCs(mDCs) were increased in ALA-PDT treated patients" peripheral blood.	Alanine	20-23	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
30118903-2	2018	Here we showed that ALA-PDT significantly upregulated HMGB1 while downregulated miR-34a expression levels in cervical cancer tissues, and the percentages of mature DCs(mDCs) were increased in ALA-PDT treated patients" peripheral blood.	Alanine	20-23	microRNA 34a	Homo sapiens	80-87
28739659-8	2017	Ala substitutions at the four new sites abrogated the ability of Ypk1 to rescue the phenotypes of Ypk1 deficiency, whereas Glu substitutions had no ill effect.	Alanine	0-3	serine/threonine protein kinase YPK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	65-69
28739659-8	2017	Ala substitutions at the four new sites abrogated the ability of Ypk1 to rescue the phenotypes of Ypk1 deficiency, whereas Glu substitutions had no ill effect.	Alanine	0-3	serine/threonine protein kinase YPK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
30118903-4	2018	Most importantly, in HPV-positive cells, we found that miR-34a were downregulated in cytoplasm, and both cytoplasm and exosome HMGB1 were significantly elevated comparing to cancer cells without ALA-PDT treatment, and it could be reversed by miR-34a mimic transfection, which indicated that HPV infection and miR-34a downregulation might be vital for ALA-PDT treatment.	Alanine	351-354	microRNA 34a	Homo sapiens	242-249
27332127-7	2016	Interestingly, substituting Ala with Arg or His at a location outside of the central region of EDEM1 or SPAST, respectively, also affected the enhancement of flip-flop.	Alanine	28-31	spastin	Homo sapiens	104-109
30118903-4	2018	Most importantly, in HPV-positive cells, we found that miR-34a were downregulated in cytoplasm, and both cytoplasm and exosome HMGB1 were significantly elevated comparing to cancer cells without ALA-PDT treatment, and it could be reversed by miR-34a mimic transfection, which indicated that HPV infection and miR-34a downregulation might be vital for ALA-PDT treatment.	Alanine	351-354	microRNA 34a	Homo sapiens	242-249
30118903-6	2018	By co-culturing cervical cancer cell lines with immature DCs(imDCs) in the Transwell systems, we found that ALA-PDT induced HMGB1 exosomes could promote DCs maturation, which could be reversed by silencing HMGB1 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.	Alanine	108-111	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
27239044-4	2016	Histamine reduction is most likely caused by increased catabolism of the histamine precursor histidine, triggered by rerouting of alanine flux from AGT to the glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT, also known as the alanine-transaminase ALT).	Alanine	130-137	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	159-189
30118903-6	2018	By co-culturing cervical cancer cell lines with immature DCs(imDCs) in the Transwell systems, we found that ALA-PDT induced HMGB1 exosomes could promote DCs maturation, which could be reversed by silencing HMGB1 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells.	Alanine	108-111	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	206-211
30463177-6	2018	Moreover, through per-residue free energy decomposition and in silico alanine scanning analysis, hotspot residues between GluN2B-CT1290-1310 and DAPK1 interface were identified.	Alanine	70-77	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	122-128
28739659-9	2017	Combining the Ala substitutions with an N-terminal mutation (D242A), which has been demonstrated to bypass the need for TORC2-mediated phosphorylation, restored the ability to complement a Ypk1-deficient cell.	Alanine	14-17	serine/threonine protein kinase YPK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	189-193
27375614-2	2016	Second, we discuss how IgM-NAA and IgM anti-leukocyte antibodies (IgM-ALA) inhibits autoimmune inflammation by anti-idiotypic mechanisms, enhancing removal of apoptotic cells, masking neo-antigens, and regulating the function of dendritic cells (DC) and effector cells.	Alanine	70-73	Ig heavy chain (V-D-J region)	Mus musculus	23-26
28630053-5	2017	Depletion of PKM2 at the time of c-MYC overexpression in murine livers did not affect c-MYC-induced tumorigenesis and resulted in liver tumor formation with decreased pyruvate kinase activity and decreased catabolism of glucose into alanine and the Krebs cycle.	Alanine	233-240	pyruvate kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	13-17
29050326-0	2017	Different effection of p.1125Val&gt;Ala and rs11954856 in APC on Wnt signaling pathway.	Alanine	36-39	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	58-61
30419003-4	2018	Wild-type and mutants of SNX5, in which S226 was mutated to a glutamic acid or an alanine, were expressed in 8505C cells.	Alanine	82-89	sorting nexin 5	Homo sapiens	25-29
30041084-7	2018	On the other hand, there was a large increase in abundance of PPDK in roots subjected to anoxia (which induces an accumulation of alanine), whereas the abundance of PEPCK was decreased.	Alanine	130-137	pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	62-66
27375614-2	2016	Second, we discuss how IgM-NAA and IgM anti-leukocyte antibodies (IgM-ALA) inhibits autoimmune inflammation by anti-idiotypic mechanisms, enhancing removal of apoptotic cells, masking neo-antigens, and regulating the function of dendritic cells (DC) and effector cells.	Alanine	70-73	Ig heavy chain (V-D-J region)	Mus musculus	35-38
27375614-2	2016	Second, we discuss how IgM-NAA and IgM anti-leukocyte antibodies (IgM-ALA) inhibits autoimmune inflammation by anti-idiotypic mechanisms, enhancing removal of apoptotic cells, masking neo-antigens, and regulating the function of dendritic cells (DC) and effector cells.	Alanine	70-73	Ig heavy chain (V-D-J region)	Mus musculus	35-38
27375614-6	2016	Fourth, we show that IgM-ALA levels and their repertoire can vary in normal humans and disease states and this variation may partly explain the observed differences in the inflammatory response after infection, ischemic injury, or after a transplant.	Alanine	25-28	Ig heavy chain (V-D-J region)	Mus musculus	21-24
28839461-2	2017	Mitochondrial glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), also known as 2-oxoglutarate, to generate pyruvate and glutamate during cellular glutamine catabolism.	Alanine	100-107	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	46-50
27122188-8	2016	Mutation of these residues individually into alanine residues in the full-length GLUT4 molecule resulted in a decreased retention for GLUT4-W105A.	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
28412220-12	2017	In addition, spinal slices from GluA1 transgenic mice, which had a single alanine replacement at GluA1 ser 845 or ser 831 that prevented phosphorylation, were resistant to TNF-induced increases in Co2+ labeling.	Alanine	74-81	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	32-37
28412220-12	2017	In addition, spinal slices from GluA1 transgenic mice, which had a single alanine replacement at GluA1 ser 845 or ser 831 that prevented phosphorylation, were resistant to TNF-induced increases in Co2+ labeling.	Alanine	74-81	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	97-102
29888867-3	2018	We recently identified a disulfide-bridged nonapeptide, named PTPRJ-19 (H-[Cys-His-His-Asn-Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Cys]-OH), which activates PTPRJ, thereby causing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of both cancer and endothelial cells.	Alanine	103-106	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J	Homo sapiens	62-67
29888867-3	2018	We recently identified a disulfide-bridged nonapeptide, named PTPRJ-19 (H-[Cys-His-His-Asn-Leu-Thr-His-Ala-Cys]-OH), which activates PTPRJ, thereby causing cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of both cancer and endothelial cells.	Alanine	103-106	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J	Homo sapiens	133-138
29749471-6	2018	Mutations in S156 and hydrophobic L213 to alanine counteracted the antiapoptotic properties of BCL2L12 and downregulated the activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugates and Beclin-1, compared with a BCL2L12 wild-type group.	Alanine	42-49	BCL2 like 12	Homo sapiens	95-102
29749471-6	2018	Mutations in S156 and hydrophobic L213 to alanine counteracted the antiapoptotic properties of BCL2L12 and downregulated the activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugates and Beclin-1, compared with a BCL2L12 wild-type group.	Alanine	42-49	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta	Homo sapiens	188-192
29749471-6	2018	Mutations in S156 and hydrophobic L213 to alanine counteracted the antiapoptotic properties of BCL2L12 and downregulated the activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugates and Beclin-1, compared with a BCL2L12 wild-type group.	Alanine	42-49	BCL2 like 12	Homo sapiens	267-274
27122188-8	2016	Mutation of these residues individually into alanine residues in the full-length GLUT4 molecule resulted in a decreased retention for GLUT4-W105A.	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
29866816-3	2018	Engineering of APC by site-directed mutagenesis provided a signaling selective APC mutant with 3 Lys residues replaced by 3 Ala residues, 3K3A-APC, that lacks &gt;90% anticoagulant activity but retains normal cell signaling activities.	Alanine	124-127	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	15-18
27071704-10	2016	Dkk-3 with ALA-PDT significantly increased cell death compared to either Dkk-3 or 5-ALA mediated PDT in cancer 4T1 cancer cell line (P 0.001).	Alanine	11-14	dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3	Mus musculus	0-5
29866816-3	2018	Engineering of APC by site-directed mutagenesis provided a signaling selective APC mutant with 3 Lys residues replaced by 3 Ala residues, 3K3A-APC, that lacks &gt;90% anticoagulant activity but retains normal cell signaling activities.	Alanine	124-127	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	79-82
29866816-3	2018	Engineering of APC by site-directed mutagenesis provided a signaling selective APC mutant with 3 Lys residues replaced by 3 Ala residues, 3K3A-APC, that lacks &gt;90% anticoagulant activity but retains normal cell signaling activities.	Alanine	124-127	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	79-82
28521864-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: Hepatic glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT; also known as alanine aminotransferase) is a gluconeogenesis enzyme that catalyzes conversions between alanine and pyruvic acid.	Alanine	70-77	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	51-54
26865629-5	2016	Moreover, the results of Ala-scanning mutagenesis of hNPS-(1-13) indicated that residues Lys(11)and Lys(12)are structurally crucial for the hNPS receptor to couple to Galphas-dependent signaling.	Alanine	25-28	neuropeptide S	Homo sapiens	53-57
30460056-7	2017	Third, a Sinup mutant, where the 144th Serine residue was converted to alanine, not only disturbed the mitotic spindle organization, such as multipolar spindles, fragmented spindle poles, and flattened spindles, but also arrested the cell cycle at metaphase and cell movement.	Alanine	71-78	siaz-interacting nuclear protein	Danio rerio	9-14
29724824-3	2018	A naturally occurring human KIBRA variant involving residue changes at positions 734 (Met-to-Ile) and 735 (Ser-to-Ala) within the C2 domain affects cognitive performance.	Alanine	114-117	cortexin 3	Homo sapiens	28-33
27119839-6	2016	The obtained data show that the substitution of threonin by alanine at position 83 in a molecule of MGP can affect its functional characteristics and anticalcinogenic properties.	Alanine	60-67	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	100-103
29867218-0	2018	A neuronal role of the Alanine-Serine-Cysteine-1 transporter (SLC7A10, Asc-1) for glycine inhibitory transmission and respiratory pattern.	Alanine	23-30	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	62-69
29867218-0	2018	A neuronal role of the Alanine-Serine-Cysteine-1 transporter (SLC7A10, Asc-1) for glycine inhibitory transmission and respiratory pattern.	Alanine	23-30	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	71-76
28381963-3	2017	Three amino acids, threonine353, serine360 (Ser360), or serine364 (Ser364), in the conserved activation segment of SlMAPKKKalpha kinase domain were substituted to alanine (T353A, S360A, or S364A), and these variants were transiently expressed in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana plants.	Alanine	163-170	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase	Solanum lycopersicum	115-128
27119839-10	2016	The substitution of threonine by alanine due to MGP exon 4 Thr83Ala polymorphism is related to a decrease in the likelihood of CA in female persons in the Ukrainian population.	Alanine	33-40	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	48-51
28381963-4	2017	Two alanine substitutions, S360A and S364A, completely abolished SlMAPKKKalpha PCD-eliciting activity in both plants, while T353A substitution did not affect its PCD-eliciting activity.	Alanine	4-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase	Solanum lycopersicum	65-78
26714726-7	2016	Expressions of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 4 (DDX4), deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL), transition protein 2 (TP2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and 5-Bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were assessed.	Alanine	29-32	probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-61
28356086-7	2017	The binding affinities of CNA1 and CNA2, in which I439 or I443 were replaced by Ala, were decreased relative to wild-type CNA.	Alanine	80-83	calcineurin catalytic subunit A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
28669514-7	2018	RESULTS: Higher baseline levels of urinary alanine, betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), creatinine and trimethylamine were associated with an increase in HbA1c from baseline to follow-up.	Alanine	43-50	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
26689297-5	2016	The [1-(13) C]Ala-NH2 probe allowed sensitive detection of APN activity using (13) C NMR spectroscopy.	Alanine	14-17	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	59-62
29431281-9	2018	Low-dose ALA-PDT stimulated TGF-beta1 expression in keratinocytes.	Alanine	9-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	28-37
29431281-12	2018	This study suggests that low-dose ALA-PDT can stimulate keratinocytes to release TGF-beta1, activating the TGF-beta pathway in dermal fibroblasts to remodel collagen in the dermis.	Alanine	34-37	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	81-90
29769329-6	2018	Epitope mapping using shotgun mutagenesis alanine scanning across the 509 amino acids of GLUT4 identified the binding epitopes for mAbs specific for the states of GLUT4 and allowed the comprehensive identification of the residues that functionally control the GLUT4 inward-open and outward-open states.	Alanine	42-49	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
29769329-6	2018	Epitope mapping using shotgun mutagenesis alanine scanning across the 509 amino acids of GLUT4 identified the binding epitopes for mAbs specific for the states of GLUT4 and allowed the comprehensive identification of the residues that functionally control the GLUT4 inward-open and outward-open states.	Alanine	42-49	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	163-168
28193005-3	2017	Here, we report the identification of an energetic epitope by determining the interfacial hot-spot that dominates the binding affinity for an anti-interleukin-23 (anti-IL-23) antibody by using the complementary approaches of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP), alanine shave mutagenesis, and binding analytics.	Alanine	330-337	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	147-161
26790954-2	2016	We have identified a point mutation of Threonine-197 site to an Alanine in Rab11-FIP1A, which causes a dramatic dominant negative phenotype when expressed in HeLa cells.	Alanine	64-71	RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	75-86
28028182-7	2017	This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site.	Alanine	334-341	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
28028182-7	2017	This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site.	Alanine	334-341	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
28028182-7	2017	This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site.	Alanine	334-341	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
28028182-7	2017	This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site.	Alanine	334-341	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
29769329-6	2018	Epitope mapping using shotgun mutagenesis alanine scanning across the 509 amino acids of GLUT4 identified the binding epitopes for mAbs specific for the states of GLUT4 and allowed the comprehensive identification of the residues that functionally control the GLUT4 inward-open and outward-open states.	Alanine	42-49	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	163-168
29792216-5	2018	Alanine mutations of either Ser-16 or Ser-46 decreased overall Tat phosphorylation.	Alanine	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	63-66
26674175-1	2016	Silk fibroin from the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori is a naturally occurring biopolymer with charged hydrophilic terminal regions that end-cap a hydrophobic core consisting of repeating sequences of glycine, alanine, and serine residues.	Alanine	212-219	fibroin light chain	Bombyx mori	5-12
29681991-8	2018	Results: The Ala allele of the MnSOD Val16Ala polymorphism was associated with a lower risk of CKD (odds ratio (OR), 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.84; P = 0.006).	Alanine	13-16	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
26483157-7	2016	Through expression of phosphonull mutants that contain non-phosphorylatable alanine mutations at potential Cdk1 S/TP sites, we demonstrate that LARG phosphorylation occurs in both termini.	Alanine	76-83	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12	Homo sapiens	144-148
29090418-3	2018	Two of its important molecular partners are the protein NFS1 (or IscS in bacteria), that is the desulfurase which converts cysteine to alanine and produces sulfur, and ISU (or IscU), the scaffold protein which transiently accepts the cluster.	Alanine	135-142	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	56-60
29090418-3	2018	Two of its important molecular partners are the protein NFS1 (or IscS in bacteria), that is the desulfurase which converts cysteine to alanine and produces sulfur, and ISU (or IscU), the scaffold protein which transiently accepts the cluster.	Alanine	135-142	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	65-69
29309850-10	2018	Apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT involved in down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein, up-regulation of Bax protein and cleaved-PARP protein.	Alanine	21-24	collagen type XI alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	116-120
27474100-4	2017	The number of FOXE1 alanine repeats in each subject was determined by PCR and multiplex fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis.	Alanine	20-27	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	14-19
27474100-7	2017	RESULTS: FOXE1 alleles with 16 or more alanine repeats were more frequent in patients with tumour size &gt; 1 cm compared to tumour size &lt;= 1 cm (adjusted OR 1 44; 95% CI 1 05-1 88; P = 0 019).	Alanine	39-46	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	9-14
27320838-5	2016	METHODS: We have measured structure and thermodynamic parameters (Tm, DeltaHm, and DeltaGD ) of RNase-A in the presence of alanine, urea and their combination.	Alanine	123-130	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	96-103
27824288-4	2017	Functional analysis of transactivation activities of FOXE1 isoforms with varying number of alanine repeats was performed by a Dual-Luciferase  Assay.	Alanine	91-98	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	53-58
29050483-8	2017	In combination with ALA, at IC50 and lower doses, an increase of the cytotoxic effect was found for DIBP, DBP and BBP; while for DMP, DEP and DEHP, a decrease was observed for DU145 cells.	Alanine	20-23	transmembrane protein 158	Homo sapiens	114-117
29434596-9	2018	Lysine-to-alanine mutations at the PI-binding residues abolished TIRAP"s affinity for PIP2; however, K34, K35, and R36 consistently interacted with PIP2 headgroups through hydrogen bond (H-bond) and electrostatic interactions.	Alanine	10-17	TIR domain containing adaptor protein	Homo sapiens	65-70
27320838-7	2016	RESULTS: We observed that alanine but not glycine counteracts urea"s harmful effect on RNase-A stability.	Alanine	26-33	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	87-94
29433675-12	2018	Docking data presented that plumbagin interacted with CYP2J2 mainly through GLU 222 and ALA 223.	Alanine	88-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	54-60
26625309-6	2015	The role of DAMPs in the maturation of DCs potentiated by ALA-PDT-treated tumor cells was detected by FACS and ELISA.	Alanine	58-61	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	102-106
26625309-7	2015	Our results showed that ALA-PDT enhanced the expression of CRT, HSP70, and HMGB1.	Alanine	24-27	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	75-80
27538916-2	2016	To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of mutating these residues to Ala on the regiospecificity of CYP2B6 for the metabolism of testosterone and androstenedione.	Alanine	83-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	114-120
26711256-7	2015	We mapped Ser147 of GSK-3beta as the site phosphorylated by PKCzeta, i.e., its mutation into alanine abolished GSK-3beta activity, resulting in beta-catenin stabilization and increased transcriptional activity, whereas phosphomimetic replacement of Ser147 by glutamic acid maintained GSK-3beta basal activity.	Alanine	93-100	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	20-29
26882122-3	2016	In humans, there is a gene polymorphism where a change of alanine (Ala) to valine (Val) occurs at the 16th amino acid (Ala16Val-SOD2).	Alanine	58-65	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
29315328-0	2018	PGC-1alpha regulates alanine metabolism in muscle cells.	Alanine	21-28	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	0-10
29315328-5	2018	In C2C12 myoblast cells overexpressing PGC-1alpha, ALT2 expression was increased concomitant with an increased alanine level in the cells and medium.	Alanine	111-118	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	39-49
26882122-3	2016	In humans, there is a gene polymorphism where a change of alanine (Ala) to valine (Val) occurs at the 16th amino acid (Ala16Val-SOD2).	Alanine	67-70	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
26711256-7	2015	We mapped Ser147 of GSK-3beta as the site phosphorylated by PKCzeta, i.e., its mutation into alanine abolished GSK-3beta activity, resulting in beta-catenin stabilization and increased transcriptional activity, whereas phosphomimetic replacement of Ser147 by glutamic acid maintained GSK-3beta basal activity.	Alanine	93-100	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	111-120
29293268-5	2018	This approach was used to synthesize a series of analogs in which each position of Dap-E12-W13, a relatively active daptomycin analog, was individually substituted by alanine.	Alanine	167-174	death associated protein	Homo sapiens	83-86
29293268-6	2018	Only positions 2, 6, and 11 were found to be amenable to substitution by alanine in that the corresponding alanine analogs were only 1.5- to 4-fold less active than Dap-E12-W13.	Alanine	73-80	death associated protein	Homo sapiens	165-168
26711256-7	2015	We mapped Ser147 of GSK-3beta as the site phosphorylated by PKCzeta, i.e., its mutation into alanine abolished GSK-3beta activity, resulting in beta-catenin stabilization and increased transcriptional activity, whereas phosphomimetic replacement of Ser147 by glutamic acid maintained GSK-3beta basal activity.	Alanine	93-100	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	111-120
26592152-3	2015	Here, we show that in an extensive mutational alanine screening of the mammalian flippase ATP8A2 catalytic subunit, five mutations stand out by leading to reduced glycosylation of the accessory subunit CDC50A.	Alanine	46-53	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	90-96
26643045-2	2015	ALAs were added in sn-1, 3 positions in a triacylglycerol (TAG) to produce an APA-human milk fat analogues (APA-HMFAs, A: alpha-linolenic acid, P: palmitic acid).	Alanine	0-4	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
28962836-5	2017	We generated Phe 2436.44 Ala/Ser mutants of histamine H2 receptor and found that while the substitutions do not affect receptor expression or ligand signaling, are able to specifically alter cimetidine and ranitidine mechanisms of action from simply inactivating the receptor to produce a ligand-induced G-protein sequestering conformation, that interferes with the signaling of beta2-adrenoceptor.	Alanine	25-28	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	44-65
27759100-1	2016	SLC7A10 (Asc-1) is a sodium-independent amino acid transporter known to facilitate transport of a number of amino acids including glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, and L-cysteine, as well as their D-enantiomers.	Alanine	149-158	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	0-7
27759100-1	2016	SLC7A10 (Asc-1) is a sodium-independent amino acid transporter known to facilitate transport of a number of amino acids including glycine, L-serine, L-alanine, and L-cysteine, as well as their D-enantiomers.	Alanine	149-158	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	9-14
27492617-7	2016	RESULTS: We identified an association between CD and a missense variant encoding alanine or threonine at position 391 in the zinc transporter solute carrier family 39, member 8 protein (SLC39A8 alanine 391 threonine, rs13107325) and replicated the association with CD in 2 replication cohorts (combined meta-analysis P = 5.55 x 10(-13)).	Alanine	81-88	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	186-193
29109056-6	2017	In ST group, post-training decrease in serum lipid hydroperoxides (p &lt; 0.05) and creatine kinase activity (p &lt; 0.05) was associated with Ala/Ala genotype of SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism.	Alanine	143-146	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
26643045-2	2015	ALAs were added in sn-1, 3 positions in a triacylglycerol (TAG) to produce an APA-human milk fat analogues (APA-HMFAs, A: alpha-linolenic acid, P: palmitic acid).	Alanine	0-4	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	108-111
29109056-6	2017	In ST group, post-training decrease in serum lipid hydroperoxides (p &lt; 0.05) and creatine kinase activity (p &lt; 0.05) was associated with Ala/Ala genotype of SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphism.	Alanine	147-150	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
27466201-3	2016	The polymorphism results in two variants of ZIP8 with either an alanine (Ala) or a threonine (Thr) at residue 391.	Alanine	64-71	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	44-48
26458876-2	2015	Replacing Trp207 in human HV1 (hH(V1)) with Ala, Ser, or Phe facilitated gating, accelerating channel opening by 100-fold, and closing by 30-fold.	Alanine	44-47	hydrogen voltage gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
27466201-3	2016	The polymorphism results in two variants of ZIP8 with either an alanine (Ala) or a threonine (Thr) at residue 391.	Alanine	73-76	solute carrier family 39 member 8	Homo sapiens	44-48
28754261-5	2017	Phase diagrams of various JM2 formulations were constructed, suggesting that the phase behavior of JM2 was dependent on the solution pH, ionic strength and the presence of other excipients such as glycine, alanine, sorbitol and sucrose.	Alanine	206-213	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	99-102
28977530-12	2017	We extend our analysis to a mouse model of OPMD and demonstrate altered paraspeckle morphology in the presence of endogenous levels of alanine-expanded PABPN1.	Alanine	135-142	poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1	Mus musculus	152-158
27477252-4	2016	Peptidoglycan of the genus Micromonospora consisted of a MurNGlyc-Gly-D-Glu-meso-diaminopimelyl (DAP)-D-Ala peptide stem and direct linkage between D-Ala and meso-DAP.	Alanine	104-107	death associated protein	Homo sapiens	57-95
26458876-2	2015	Replacing Trp207 in human HV1 (hH(V1)) with Ala, Ser, or Phe facilitated gating, accelerating channel opening by 100-fold, and closing by 30-fold.	Alanine	44-47	hydrogen voltage gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
28977530-13	2017	In this study, we report protein-binding partners of PABPN1, which could provide insight into novel functions of PABPN1 in skeletal muscle and identify proteins that could be sequestered with alanine-expanded PABPN1 in the nuclear aggregates found in OPMD.	Alanine	192-199	poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1	Mus musculus	53-59
28977530-13	2017	In this study, we report protein-binding partners of PABPN1, which could provide insight into novel functions of PABPN1 in skeletal muscle and identify proteins that could be sequestered with alanine-expanded PABPN1 in the nuclear aggregates found in OPMD.	Alanine	192-199	poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1	Mus musculus	113-119
26342079-5	2015	Importantly, mutation of these conserved ISD11 residues into alanine leads to its compromised interaction with NFS1, resulting in reduced stability and enhanced aggregation of NFS1 in the mitochondria.	Alanine	61-68	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	111-115
28977530-13	2017	In this study, we report protein-binding partners of PABPN1, which could provide insight into novel functions of PABPN1 in skeletal muscle and identify proteins that could be sequestered with alanine-expanded PABPN1 in the nuclear aggregates found in OPMD.	Alanine	192-199	poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1	Mus musculus	113-119
26342079-5	2015	Importantly, mutation of these conserved ISD11 residues into alanine leads to its compromised interaction with NFS1, resulting in reduced stability and enhanced aggregation of NFS1 in the mitochondria.	Alanine	61-68	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	176-180
27423695-6	2016	More important, expression of occludin mutated at S490 to Ala, completely inhibited angiogenesis in cell culture models and in vivo.	Alanine	58-61	occludin	Homo sapiens	30-38
26265470-5	2015	Amyloid fibers of pBpa and Met/Ala-substituted Sup(1-61)-GFP were nucleated from purified yeast prion particles of two different strains, namely VK and VL, and shown to faithfully transmit specific strain characteristics to yeast expressing the wild type Sup35 protein.	Alanine	31-34	translation termination factor GTPase eRF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	255-260
27581728-4	2016	Overexpression of ANTXR1, carrying a heterozygous Ala-to-Thr mutation, induces hemangioma-like signalling in control endothelial cells; VEGF signalling is normalized when wild-type ANTXR1 is overexpressed in hemangioma cells.	Alanine	50-53	anthrax toxin receptor 1	Mus musculus	18-24
28916765-1	2017	The alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a hepatocyte-specific pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme, transaminates L-alanine and glyoxylate to glycine and pyruvate, thus detoxifying glyoxylate and preventing pathological oxalate precipitation in tissues.	Alanine	130-139	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	93-96
28418760-3	2017	Growth assays showed that Trp-Ala could be transported by both AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 as efficiently as Ala-Trp.	Alanine	30-33	peptide transporter 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	74-80
26220347-4	2015	To gain a better understanding of the structure-function relationship of MC3R, we performed a systematic study of all 20 residues in this domain using alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	151-158	melanocortin 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	73-77
26382053-3	2015	There are a number of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp; DExD/H) box-type helicases in mammals, among which retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA50) are indispensable for RNA sensing; however, they are functionally supported by a number of sensors that directly bind viral RNA or replicative RNA intermediates to convey signals to RIG-I and MDA5.	Alanine	36-39	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Gallus gallus	139-184
27317126-8	2017	Both Ala and Arg improved fed-state glycemia as well as IRbeta and pAS160 content, but only Ala led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion.	Alanine	5-8	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	56-62
26995676-5	2016	A larger supply of ALA increased the accretion of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of desaturases, the antioxidative status, the expression and DNA-binding of PPAR-alpha, the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas the expression and DNA-binding activity of SREBP-1c transcription factor and the biosynthetic activity of fatty acids declined.	Alanine	19-22	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	299-307
28924459-5	2017	Some synonymous codons have opposite CDA sign (alanine, leucine, serine, and valine), putatively explaining how synonymous mutations sometimes affect protein function.	Alanine	47-54	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	37-40
26921470-4	2016	We are able to show that this effect by APP-ICD is due to a single alanine vs. proline difference between APP-ICD and APLP2-ICD.	Alanine	67-74	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
26382053-3	2015	There are a number of DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp; DExD/H) box-type helicases in mammals, among which retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA50) are indispensable for RNA sensing; however, they are functionally supported by a number of sensors that directly bind viral RNA or replicative RNA intermediates to convey signals to RIG-I and MDA5.	Alanine	36-39	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Gallus gallus	186-190
26921470-8	2016	The block in long-term potentiation can be overcome by mutating the aforementioned alanine in APP-ICD to the proline of APLP2.	Alanine	83-90	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
26229101-9	2015	Reciprocal mutation of alanine 145, histidine 180, and isoleucine 191 on 14-3-3sigma isoform promotes GluN2C binding and surface expression.	Alanine	23-30	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2C	Homo sapiens	102-108
27350877-8	2016	Among the most interesting differences, Mc1 had the highest levels of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and phosphocholine (PCho), Mc2 had the highest levels of glucose, and Mc3 had the highest levels of lactate and alanine.	Alanine	210-217	melanocortin 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	168-171
27257873-9	2016	Substitution of these two threonines with alanines (mph1-2TA) specifically abolished the Fkh1-Mph1 interaction in vivo and altered donor preference during mating-type switching to the same degree as mph1Delta.	Alanine	42-50	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	52-56
28502587-6	2017	Bacterially expressed recombinant eEF2K was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated AMPK for phosphorylation site-identification by mass spectrometry followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the identified sites to alanine residues to study effects on the kinetic properties of eEF2K.	Alanine	224-231	eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase	Homo sapiens	34-39
28502587-6	2017	Bacterially expressed recombinant eEF2K was phosphorylated in vitro by recombinant activated AMPK for phosphorylation site-identification by mass spectrometry followed by site-directed mutagenesis of the identified sites to alanine residues to study effects on the kinetic properties of eEF2K.	Alanine	224-231	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
27257873-9	2016	Substitution of these two threonines with alanines (mph1-2TA) specifically abolished the Fkh1-Mph1 interaction in vivo and altered donor preference during mating-type switching to the same degree as mph1Delta.	Alanine	42-50	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	94-98
25500543-8	2015	Expression of LRP6 mutant in which serine/threonine residues in each particular ProlineProlineProlineSerine/ThreonineProline motif were mutated to alanines (LRP6-5A) significantly reduced beta-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	147-155	transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	201-205
27145151-4	2016	Indeed, we find that mutation of just four leucine residues within this helical motif to alanine is sufficient to significantly inhibit the fluid spreading abilities of SPLUNC1, as well as its bacteriostatic actions against Gram-negative pathogens Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	Alanine	89-96	BPI fold containing family A member 1	Homo sapiens	169-176
27987181-11	2017	The variant rs110365063 located in bovine SLC18A2 causes a change in the amino acid sequence from Ala to Thr.	Alanine	98-101	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Bos taurus	42-49
26203193-6	2015	Molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches allowed identification of Ser-810 and Ala-773 as key residues for the high MR selectivity of finerenone.	Alanine	84-87	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	121-123
28596420-7	2017	Surprisingly, in AOX1A, replacement of CysI by alanine, which cannot form a (thio)hemiacetal, led to even higher activities, pointing to an alternative mechanism of activation.	Alanine	47-54	alternative oxidase 1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-22
26994141-5	2016	Divergence was found in the beta-9 sheet of FGF14 where an alanine (Ala) mutation of Val-160 impaired binding to Nav1.6 but had no effect on FGF14:FGF14 dimer formation.	Alanine	59-66	fibroblast growth factor 14	Homo sapiens	44-49
26994141-5	2016	Divergence was found in the beta-9 sheet of FGF14 where an alanine (Ala) mutation of Val-160 impaired binding to Nav1.6 but had no effect on FGF14:FGF14 dimer formation.	Alanine	68-71	fibroblast growth factor 14	Homo sapiens	44-49
28718767-4	2017	Here we demonstrate that key RQC activities-Ltn1p-dependent ubiquitination and Rqc2p-mediated Carboxy-terminal Alanine and Threonine (CAT) tail elongation-can be recapitulated in vitro with a yeast cell-free system.	Alanine	111-118	ubiquitin-protein ligase RKR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-49
26188203-6	2015	In addition, through alanine scanning and in silico structural modelling, key residues in the CLE26 peptide sequence that affect its activity are pinpointed.	Alanine	21-28	CLAVATA3/ESR-RELATED 26	Arabidopsis thaliana	94-99
28500754-5	2017	Here we concomitantly modify the tails of XRCC4 and XLF by substituting fourteen previously identified phosphorylation sites with either alanine or aspartate residues.	Alanine	137-144	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
27150264-4	2016	Microscopy imaging showed that ALA-induced PpIX was co-localized with eEF1A1 in cancer cells.	Alanine	31-34	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	70-76
27150264-5	2016	eEF1A1 was found to enrich ALA-induced PpIX in cells by competitively blocking the downstream bioavailability of PpIX.	Alanine	27-30	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
27150264-6	2016	Taken together, our study discovered eEF1A1 as a novel photosensitizer binding protein, which may play an essential role in the enrichment of ALA-induced PpIX in cancer cells during PDT.	Alanine	142-145	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
25878251-5	2015	Elastase cleaved human PAR(2) at Ala(66) Ser(67) and Ser(67) Val(68).	Alanine	33-36	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
29069740-5	2017	Alanine-scanning of P60 revealed the relevance of each position on FOXP3 binding, homodimerization, association with AML1 and inhibition of Treg activity.	Alanine	0-7	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	67-72
25645980-9	2015	In addition, separate mutation of three conserved residues Pro49, Pro52 and Lys54 - they are required for peptide recognition by SH3 domain -- in a designed peptide to Ala would completely abolish the capability of this peptide activating TIM.	Alanine	168-171	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5	Homo sapiens	239-242
28207944-6	2017	RESULTS: The odds ratios of serum cystatin C level and PISA (fourth quartile) were significantly positive for both Arg (2.52; p = 0.035) and Ala allele non-carriers (2.36; p = 0.021).	Alanine	141-144	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	34-44
28207944-7	2017	A significant association was also found between serum cystatin C level and BMI for both Arg (1.18; p = 0.001) and Ala allele non-carriers (1.12; p = 0.003).	Alanine	115-118	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	55-65
26620599-6	2016	Alanine substitutions of a number of Rev amino acid residues implicated to be important for Rev folding in previous structural studies were found to result in a dramatic decrease in the binding of the second Rev molecule.	Alanine	0-7	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	37-40
26620599-6	2016	Alanine substitutions of a number of Rev amino acid residues implicated to be important for Rev folding in previous structural studies were found to result in a dramatic decrease in the binding of the second Rev molecule.	Alanine	0-7	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	92-95
26620599-6	2016	Alanine substitutions of a number of Rev amino acid residues implicated to be important for Rev folding in previous structural studies were found to result in a dramatic decrease in the binding of the second Rev molecule.	Alanine	0-7	Rev	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	92-95
26986036-4	2016	An alanine scan performed on 3 revealed that the C-terminal residues are critical for binding to APJ and signaling.	Alanine	3-10	apelin receptor	Homo sapiens	97-100
25483709-2	2015	Another study indicated that ANP32B was a direct substrate of caspase-3, and was primarily cleaved at the sequence Ala-Glu-Val-Asp, following Asp-163.	Alanine	115-118	acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B	Homo sapiens	29-35
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	68-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	163-193
28188270-8	2017	By means of comparative Ala-scanning mutagenesis, we further found that residues E224, F254, D259, and E299 are essential for quinidine block in Kir2.1 subunits.	Alanine	24-27	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	145-151
28298598-7	2017	Interestingly, cleavage of pVIII at both potential cleavage sites appears essential for the production of stable BAdV-3 virions as BAdV-3 expressing pVIII containing a glycine-to-alanine mutation of either of the potential cleavage sites is thermolabile, and this mutation leads to the production of noninfectious virions.IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrated that the BAdV-3 adenovirus protease cleaves BAdV-3 pVIII at both potential protease cleavage sites.	Alanine	179-186	pVIII	Bovine adenovirus 3	27-32
25827749-6	2015	We demonstrate that the resulting depletion of plasma alanine serves as a cue to increase plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and activates liver-fat communication, leading to the activation of lipolytic genes in adipose tissues.	Alanine	54-61	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	107-134
28298598-9	2017	Further analysis indicated that the mutation of a single protease cleavage site (glycine to alanine) of pVIII produces thermolabile virions, which leads to the production of noninfectious virions with disrupted capsids.	Alanine	92-99	pVIII	Bovine adenovirus 3	104-109
28069397-7	2017	NPY and PP inhibited alanine-induced changes in BRIN BD11 cell membrane potential and (Ca2+)i.	Alanine	21-28	pancreatic polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	8-10
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	68-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	68-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	219-224
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	77-80	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	163-193
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	77-80	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
27141263-6	2016	This SNP changes the amino acid at position 16 from valine (Val) to alanine (Ala), which has been shown to cause a conformational change in the target sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and also affects MnSOD activity in mitochondria.	Alanine	77-80	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	219-224
25827749-6	2015	We demonstrate that the resulting depletion of plasma alanine serves as a cue to increase plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and activates liver-fat communication, leading to the activation of lipolytic genes in adipose tissues.	Alanine	54-61	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	136-141
28198160-10	2017	Smoking was a risk factor in the development of IS for CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes; we found a 3.5- to 5.5-fold higher IS risk in CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes.	Alanine	72-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
28198160-10	2017	Smoking was a risk factor in the development of IS for CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes; we found a 3.5- to 5.5-fold higher IS risk in CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes.	Alanine	154-157	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
25179733-3	2015	We identified selective overexpression of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) in drug-resistant R5 cells.	Alanine	56-63	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	89-95
28198160-10	2017	Smoking was a risk factor in the development of IS for CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes; we found a 3.5- to 5.5-fold higher IS risk in CAT TT and MnSOD Ala/Val genotypes.	Alanine	154-157	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
27864693-1	2017	Here, we report the synthesis, purification, ESI MS and NMR characterization, as well as the SEM analysis of a fructosyl thiophenyl-substituted triazolyl-thione L-alanine (denominated Fru-L-TTA).	Alanine	161-170	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	184-187
26283674-6	2016	Knockin rpS6(p-/-) mice, in which rpS6 cannot be phosphorylated because of substitution of all five phosphorylatable serines with alanines, had impaired PTH secretion after experimental uremia- or folic acid-induced AKI.	Alanine	130-138	ribosomal protein S6	Mus musculus	8-12
27037360-9	2016	The specific MSH2/WDHD1 interaction is mediated by the second lever domain of MSH2 and Ala(1123)site of WDHD1.	Alanine	87-90	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
25650239-3	2015	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis simulations, we identified two scaffold residues that are critical to the binding interaction between the monobody YS1 and its ligand, maltose-binding protein (MBP).	Alanine	6-13	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	170-193
27865970-5	2017	Here we investigate the role of each residue in the beta-strand aggregation process of H2 region of NPM1 by performing a systematic alanine scan of its sequence and structural and kinetic analyses of aggregation of derived peptides by means of Circular Dichorism (CD) and Thioflavin T (Th-T) assay.	Alanine	132-139	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
25650239-3	2015	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis simulations, we identified two scaffold residues that are critical to the binding interaction between the monobody YS1 and its ligand, maltose-binding protein (MBP).	Alanine	6-13	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	195-198
28045594-0	2017	Human HPRT1 gene and the Lesch-Nyhan disease: Substitution of alanine for glycine and inversely in the HGprt enzyme protein.	Alanine	62-69	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
25497738-8	2015	Evaluating the subgroup of 293 ICU patients with sepsis, a pooled analysis including two genetic variants GPx1 and SOD2 (47C&gt;T SNP, rs4880; protein variant in MnSOD: Ala-9Val) showed a significant difference in relation to progression to septic shock.	Alanine	169-172	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	115-119
28025146-4	2017	Recently, it was reported that the conserved glutamines residues (Gln475 in NBD1 and Gln1118 in NBD2) in the Q loops of P-gp when mutated to alanine completely inhibited the drug-stimulated ATPase activity.	Alanine	141-148	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	190-196
26713727-6	2016	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the CagA C-terminus revealed that none of the characteristic charged residues in this region is necessary for type IV secretion.	Alanine	0-7	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	36-40
25497738-8	2015	Evaluating the subgroup of 293 ICU patients with sepsis, a pooled analysis including two genetic variants GPx1 and SOD2 (47C&gt;T SNP, rs4880; protein variant in MnSOD: Ala-9Val) showed a significant difference in relation to progression to septic shock.	Alanine	169-172	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
26961893-4	2016	Furthermore, to identify the site at which Tssk4 phosphorylates Odf2, we generated several Odf2 point mutants (Ser/Thr/Lys to Ala) and identified serine 76 of Odf2 as one of the phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	126-129	testis-specific serine kinase 4	Mus musculus	43-48
27789066-6	2017	Sequencing analysis of the exons from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) gene revealed that the patient was homozygous for a single T to C transversion at position 455 in exon 4, which replaces a Valine with an Alanine.	Alanine	222-229	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-75
27789066-6	2017	Sequencing analysis of the exons from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) gene revealed that the patient was homozygous for a single T to C transversion at position 455 in exon 4, which replaces a Valine with an Alanine.	Alanine	222-229	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	77-82
25877608-6	2015	The length of FOXE1 polyalanine reported in this study varied from 12 to 16 alanines, and three variants of FOXE1-polyalanine length, containing 12, 14, or 16 alanine residues, and 5 different genotypes were identified.	Alanine	24-31	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	14-19
27777309-5	2016	Remarkably, inhibition of Ser-314 phosphorylation either with Ser-to-Ala substitution or with a specific inhibitor of CDK4/6 kinase blocked Her4-induced stabilization of MDMX-MDM2 and rescued p53 activity.	Alanine	69-72	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
25877608-10	2015	The FOXE1 14 alanine allele was significantly less common in the POF patient group than the controls [84.5% (186/220) versus 98.2% (216/220); chi2 = 25.923, P = 0.001].	Alanine	13-20	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-9
25645662-7	2016	RESULTS: We found an association between longer overall survival, reduced metastasis and the ATG16L1 Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	101-104	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	93-100
25877608-11	2015	The FOXE1 16 alanine allele was significantly more common in the POF patient group than the controls [12.7% (28/220) versus 1.8% (4/220); chi2 = 19.412, P = 0.001].	Alanine	13-20	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-9
25645662-7	2016	RESULTS: We found an association between longer overall survival, reduced metastasis and the ATG16L1 Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	105-108	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	93-100
25684475-6	2015	RESULTS: The frequencies of MnSOD Ala/Ala, Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes in healthy individuals were 24.3, 66.7 and 9%, respectively.	Alanine	34-37	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
26749572-3	2016	These deficits are all evident in GSK3alpha/beta knockin mice, in which serine-to-alanine mutations block the inhibitory serine phosphorylation regulation of both GSK3 isoforms, leaving GSK3 hyperactive.	Alanine	82-89	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	34-43
26952131-6	2016	The 5% inhibitory doses (ID5) of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were estimated to be at their physiological concentrations in mammalian.	Alanine	33-36	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	86-95
27174135-1	2016	The conformational rigidity of Drosophila melanogaster AChE, was checked by kinetic means on recombinant enzyme with the substitutions of two important amino acids, one at the catalytic anionic site (W83A), one at the peripheral anionic site (W321A) and the double mutant with both tryptophans substituted by alanines (W83A/W321A).	Alanine	309-317	Acetylcholine esterase	Drosophila melanogaster	55-59
27845418-6	2016	Third, substitution of Ser482 residue, recently reported to contribute to the protease activity of nsP2, with Ala has almost no negative effect on the protease activity of CHIKV nsP2.	Alanine	110-113	reticulon 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
24917523-6	2015	Similar results were obtained when the catalytic dyad of PNPLA3 was inactivated by substituting the catalytic serine with alanine (S47A).	Alanine	122-129	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	57-63
27839528-5	2016	Furthermore, reducing arginine concentration stimulated greater expression of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT1), excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT3) and alanine/serine/cysteine transporter (ASCT1) mRNA by IPEC-J2 cells, which was verified by elevated efficiency of amino acid uptake.	Alanine	164-171	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Sus scrofa	201-206
27050458-4	2016	OPA1 interacted with FUNDC1 via its Lys70 (K70) residue, and mutation of K70 to Ala (A), but not to Arg (R), abolished the interaction and promoted mitochondrial fission and mitophagy.	Alanine	80-83	FUN14 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
26872252-8	2016	A single amino acid exchange of an arginine to an alanine residue is sufficient to abolish the antagonistic effect of Gremlin-1 on MIF.	Alanine	50-57	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	131-134
26728557-6	2016	Conversely, inhibition or depletion of Cdk9 or mutation of Xrn2-Thr439 to a nonphosphorylatable Ala residue caused phenotypes consistent with inefficient termination in human cells: impaired Xrn2 chromatin localization and increased readthrough transcription of endogenous genes.	Alanine	96-99	5'-3' exoribonuclease 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
25515270-0	2015	In Vitro Neutrophil Migration Requires Protein Kinase C-Delta (delta-PKC)-Mediated Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Phosphorylation.	Alanine	97-104	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	130-136
27335310-3	2016	Shared mutation of a threonine residue to alanine at the same position in the C terminal of NS5 sequences was observed in sequences from Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and Martinique.	Alanine	42-49	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	92-95
27470515-7	2016	Replacing lysine residues in positions 4 and 7 of Nef with alanines abrogates Nef-calnexin interaction, prevents ABCA1 downregulation by Nef, and preserves cholesterol efflux from HIV-infected cells.	Alanine	59-67	calnexin	Homo sapiens	82-90
24897540-1	2014	The G to A transition at position +1057 single nucleotide polymorphism site in CD86 gene results in the alanine to threonine substitution, which further affects the antigen-presenting cells" signal transduction.	Alanine	104-111	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	79-83
27624280-1	2016	We report two families, members of which are carriers of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) variant that was named Hb Olivet [alpha13(A11)Ala Thr (alpha1) (GCC &gt; ACC); HBA1: c.40G &gt; A; p.Ala14Thr].	Alanine	127-130	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
27358403-7	2016	The polymorphic nature of position 241 in both CELA3A (~4% Ala(241) alleles) and CELA3B (~2% Gly(241) alleles) points to individual variations in complex formation.	Alanine	59-62	chymotrypsin like elastase 3A	Homo sapiens	47-53
27320838-0	2016	Alanine Counteracts the Destabilizing Effect that Urea has on RNase-A.	Alanine	0-7	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	62-69
27320838-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: We investigated the behavior of a non-methylamine osmolyte, alanine for its counteracting effect against urea denaturation of a model protein, ribonuclease A (RNase-A).	Alanine	71-78	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	154-168
27320838-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: We investigated the behavior of a non-methylamine osmolyte, alanine for its counteracting effect against urea denaturation of a model protein, ribonuclease A (RNase-A).	Alanine	71-78	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	170-177
25139949-4	2014	Here, a set of ParA alanine substitution mutants in the region between E67 and L85 was created and analysed in vivo and in vitro.	Alanine	20-27	ParA partitioning protein	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	15-19
26378238-6	2015	First, 32 alanine-scanning mutagenesis variants of dystrophin R16-17 indicated the regions where mutagenesis modified the affinity of the dystrophin interaction with the nNOS-PDZ.	Alanine	10-17	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
27325700-7	2016	Alanine substitutions of the possible priming phosphorylation sites (scc1-15A) impair Cdc5 association with chromosomal cohesin, but they make only a moderate impact on mitotic cell growth even in securin-deleted cells (pds1Delta), where Scc1 phosphorylation by Cdc5 is indispensable.	Alanine	0-7	polo kinase CDC5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
27325700-7	2016	Alanine substitutions of the possible priming phosphorylation sites (scc1-15A) impair Cdc5 association with chromosomal cohesin, but they make only a moderate impact on mitotic cell growth even in securin-deleted cells (pds1Delta), where Scc1 phosphorylation by Cdc5 is indispensable.	Alanine	0-7	polo kinase CDC5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	262-266
26378238-7	2015	Second, using small angle x-ray scattering-based models of dystrophin R16-17 and molecular docking methods, we generated atomic models of the dystrophin R16-17 nNOS-PDZ complex that correlated well with the alanine scanning identified regions of dystrophin.	Alanine	207-214	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
25196843-6	2014	Alanine substitutions at HO-2 residues Leu-201 and Lys-169 cause a respective 3- and 22-fold increase in K(m) values for CPR, consistent with a role for these residues in CPR binding.	Alanine	0-7	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
24444374-7	2014	Functional defect in Ycf1p associated with the absence of Sod1p as well as another antioxidant enzyme Glr1p is rescued by anaerobic growth or substitutions of specific cysteine residues of Ycf1p to alanine or serine.	Alanine	198-205	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-26
27085674-5	2016	In contrast, probe 7, derived from the known covalent inhibitor MI-2, labels both wild type and catalytically inactive Cys to Ala mutant Malt1, suggesting that MI-2 inhibits Malt1 by reacting with a nucleophilic residue other than the active site cysteine.	Alanine	126-129	MALT1 paracaspase	Homo sapiens	137-142
27085674-5	2016	In contrast, probe 7, derived from the known covalent inhibitor MI-2, labels both wild type and catalytically inactive Cys to Ala mutant Malt1, suggesting that MI-2 inhibits Malt1 by reacting with a nucleophilic residue other than the active site cysteine.	Alanine	126-129	MALT1 paracaspase	Homo sapiens	174-179
26752246-2	2016	Previous alanine substitution analysis had shown that the Y residue in this motif appears to be the most important for mediating the activation of mammalian MC2R orthologs.	Alanine	9-16	melanocortin 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	157-161
24444374-7	2014	Functional defect in Ycf1p associated with the absence of Sod1p as well as another antioxidant enzyme Glr1p is rescued by anaerobic growth or substitutions of specific cysteine residues of Ycf1p to alanine or serine.	Alanine	198-205	superoxide dismutase SOD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
24444374-7	2014	Functional defect in Ycf1p associated with the absence of Sod1p as well as another antioxidant enzyme Glr1p is rescued by anaerobic growth or substitutions of specific cysteine residues of Ycf1p to alanine or serine.	Alanine	198-205	glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-107
24444374-7	2014	Functional defect in Ycf1p associated with the absence of Sod1p as well as another antioxidant enzyme Glr1p is rescued by anaerobic growth or substitutions of specific cysteine residues of Ycf1p to alanine or serine.	Alanine	198-205	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	189-194
27445102-5	2016	Western blotting results showed that alpha4 and beta2 subunits were cross-linked when the agonist-bound receptor encountered H2O2, which could be prevented by the substitution of the conserved cysteine in the M1-M2 linker to an alanine.	Alanine	228-235	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
25143473-7	2014	We have demonstrated that SUR1 alanine 1369 variant is associated with allelic susceptibility to TPP.	Alanine	31-38	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	26-30
27135265-0	2016	Comparative Functional Alanine Positional Scanning of the alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone and NDP-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Demonstrates Differential Structure-Activity Relationships at the Mouse Melanocortin Receptors.	Alanine	23-30	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	58-94
27135265-6	2016	Several residues outside of the postulated pharmacophore altered potency at the melanocortin receptors, most notably the 1560-, 37-, and 15-fold potency loss when the Glu(5) position of alpha-MSH was substituted with Ala at the mMC1R, mMC3R, and mMC4R, respectively.	Alanine	217-220	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	186-195
27135265-7	2016	Importantly, the altered potencies due to Ala substitutions in alpha-MSH did not necessarily correlate with equivalent Ala substitutions in NDP-MSH, indicating that structural modifications and corresponding biological activities in one of these melanocortin ligands may not be predictive for the other agonist.	Alanine	42-45	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	63-72
27177038-2	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA-PDT on human cervical cancer through the regulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) and the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	53-56	microRNA 143	Homo sapiens	112-124
27177038-2	2016	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ALA-PDT on human cervical cancer through the regulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) and the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	53-56	microRNA 143	Homo sapiens	126-133
27177038-7	2016	However, downregulation of miR-143 expression inhibited the effect of ALA-PDT on Bcl-2/Bax protein expression.	Alanine	70-73	microRNA 143	Homo sapiens	27-34
25143473-8	2014	We suggest that the hyperinsulinaemia that is observed in TPP may be linked to the ATP-sensitive K(+)/SUR1 alanine variant and, therefore, contribute to the major feedforward precipitating factors in the pathophysiology of TPP.	Alanine	107-114	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	102-106
27177038-8	2016	In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that ALA-PDT affected human cervical cancer via the activation of miR-143 and the suppression of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway.	Alanine	51-54	microRNA 143	Homo sapiens	112-119
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	24-27
26917740-6	2016	Mass spectrometry confirmed direct phosphorylation of FGF14 by CK2 at S228 and S230, and mutation to alanine at these sites modified FGF14 modulation of Nav1.6-mediated currents.	Alanine	101-108	neuron navigator 1	Mus musculus	153-157
26907809-9	2016	[Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B (i.pag.	Alanine	1-4	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-29
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	121-124
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	121-124
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	121-124
26816270-6	2016	METHODS: We mutated selected surface-exposed charged residues on TAFI to alanine in order to identify sites that mediate acceleration of activation by TM.	Alanine	73-80	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	65-69
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	121-124
25074938-2	2014	Alanine substitution of PLB C-terminal residues significantly altered fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PLB to PLB and SERCA to PLB, suggesting a change in quaternary conformation of PLB pentamer and SERCA-PLB regulatory complex.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	121-124
25103078-10	2014	Furthermore, a significant synergistic effect in an additive model (OR = 3.5) between the GSTO1 Ala/Ala genotype and the SULT1A1 Arg/Arg genotype on UCB risk was observed.	Alanine	100-103	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	121-128
26940498-7	2016	The conversion of His residues to Ala in AtHIRD11 resulted in the loss of the Cu(2+) binding of the protein as well as the disappearance of the conformational change induced by Cu(2+) that is observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy.	Alanine	34-37	dehydrin family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-49
27009366-4	2016	Cysteine 595 of ELL is an active site of the enzyme; its mutation to alanine (C595A) renders the protein unable to promote the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc.	Alanine	69-76	elongation factor for RNA polymerase II	Homo sapiens	16-19
24928228-3	2014	Replacement of ATP coordinating lysine by alanine yields inactive JAK3(K855A).	Alanine	42-49	Janus kinase 3	Mus musculus	66-70
27572445-3	2016	Following delivery into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion(7,8), the cagA-encoded CagA protein undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation on the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs initially by Src family kinases (SFKs) and then by c-Abl(9,10).	Alanine	165-168	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	81-85
27572445-3	2016	Following delivery into gastric epithelial cells via type IV secretion(7,8), the cagA-encoded CagA protein undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation on the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs initially by Src family kinases (SFKs) and then by c-Abl(9,10).	Alanine	165-168	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	94-98
24614658-7	2014	Ala replacements in (I23/F25/L26/A)-Crp-4 restored activity, evidence that hydrophobicity contributed by Ala methyl R-groups was sufficient for activity.	Alanine	0-3	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	36-41
27239443-4	2016	Survival of the Phgdh-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts was markedly reduced by p38 MAPK inhibition under l-serine depletion, whereas p38 MAPK could be activated by 1-deoxysphinganine, an atypical alanine-derived sphingoid base that was found to accumulate in l-serine-depleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts.	Alanine	201-208	3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	16-21
26952131-0	2016	Data in the activities of caspases and the levels of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome c in the  OH-induced fish erythrocytes treated with alanine, citrulline, proline and their combination.	Alanine	144-151	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	26-34
24614658-7	2014	Ala replacements in (I23/F25/L26/A)-Crp-4 restored activity, evidence that hydrophobicity contributed by Ala methyl R-groups was sufficient for activity.	Alanine	105-108	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	36-41
26952131-1	2016	The present study explored the effects of alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals ( OH)-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	42-49	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	148-156
26952131-1	2016	The present study explored the effects of alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala10Pro4Cit1) on the activities of caspases and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytochrome c in hydroxyl radicals ( OH)-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	51-54	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	148-156
24821782-2	2014	Here, we report the identification of a unique cytosolic nucleic acid cosensor in human airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts: DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 29 (DHX29), a member of the DExD/H (Asp-Glu-x-Asp/His)-box helicase family.	Alanine	143-146	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	227-235
26952131-3	2016	However, Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed the  OH-induced increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	9-12	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	122-131
26952131-4	2016	Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c were gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 (0.175-1.400 mM) in the  OH-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	164-167	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	42-51
26694855-5	2016	Several of the substitutions found in pufferfish IAPP are nonconservative including Ser to Pro, Asn to Thr, Ala to Tyr, and Leu to Tyr replacements, and several of these have not been reported in mammalian IAPP sequences.	Alanine	108-111	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	49-53
26786784-4	2016	Phe residues in Delta-somatostatin are hypothesised as important for recognition by hPDI therefore, step-wise peptide Phe-to-Ala changes were progressively introduced and shown to raise the Kd from 103 + 47 muM until the point where binding was abolished when all Phe residues were modified to Ala.	Alanine	125-128	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	84-88
24627494-3	2014	We explored the hypothesis that a conserved His-rich cluster (His-Gly-His-His) in the linker region connecting its two catalytic domains senses pH and affects PAM trafficking by mutating these His residues to Ala (Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala; H3A).	Alanine	214-217	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	159-162
26786784-4	2016	Phe residues in Delta-somatostatin are hypothesised as important for recognition by hPDI therefore, step-wise peptide Phe-to-Ala changes were progressively introduced and shown to raise the Kd from 103 + 47 muM until the point where binding was abolished when all Phe residues were modified to Ala.	Alanine	294-297	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	84-88
24627494-3	2014	We explored the hypothesis that a conserved His-rich cluster (His-Gly-His-His) in the linker region connecting its two catalytic domains senses pH and affects PAM trafficking by mutating these His residues to Ala (Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala; H3A).	Alanine	214-217	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	159-162
26772541-10	2016	A novel mutation (c.86A &gt; CC) was identified on exon 3 [corrected] of the APOC2 gene, which converted the Asp [corrected] codon at position 29 into Ala, followed by a termination codon (TGA).	Alanine	151-154	apolipoprotein C2	Homo sapiens	77-82
26772541-10	2016	A novel mutation (c.86A &gt; CC) was identified on exon 3 [corrected] of the APOC2 gene, which converted the Asp [corrected] codon at position 29 into Ala, followed by a termination codon (TGA).	Alanine	151-154	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
24627494-3	2014	We explored the hypothesis that a conserved His-rich cluster (His-Gly-His-His) in the linker region connecting its two catalytic domains senses pH and affects PAM trafficking by mutating these His residues to Ala (Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala; H3A).	Alanine	214-217	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Mus musculus	159-162
24615260-3	2014	JAK3 is inactivated by replacement of lysine by alanine in the catalytic subunit ((K855A)JAK3).	Alanine	48-55	Janus kinase 3 (a protein tyrosine kinase, leukocyte) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-4
26432006-5	2016	Two mutant models for IL27 were prepared following the similar protocol by first substituting the tyrosine residues with glycine (MT_G) and then with alanine (MT_A) in the WT protein.	Alanine	150-157	interleukin 27	Homo sapiens	22-26
24615260-3	2014	JAK3 is inactivated by replacement of lysine by alanine in the catalytic subunit ((K855A)JAK3).	Alanine	48-55	Janus kinase 3 (a protein tyrosine kinase, leukocyte) L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	89-93
23588476-10	2014	We demonstrated an association between the MnSOD Ala-9Val variant and poor attention in schizophrenia.	Alanine	49-52	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
26494532-7	2015	However, in the case of tabun-mutant mAChE(Y337A).K048 conjugate, the replacement of aromatic Tyr337 with the aliphatic alanine unit in the choline binding site, however, loses one of the pi-pi interaction between the active pyridinium ring of K048 and the Tyr337.	Alanine	120-127	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	37-42
24751652-8	2014	An Irgm1 mutant possessing alanine to cysteine substitutions at these amino acids demonstrated little residual palmitoylation, yet it displayed only a small decrease in localization to the Golgi and mitochondria.	Alanine	27-34	immunity related GTPase M	Homo sapiens	3-8
26420481-6	2015	As expected, LANA mutants with alanine or glutamate substitutions in the central, peripheral, or lateral portions of the positive patch maintained the ability to bind DNA by EMSA.	Alanine	31-38	LANA	Human gammaherpesvirus 8	13-17
24259524-4	2014	METHODS:  CD55 amino acids in the vicinity of binding pocket-Ser155 for Dr-adhesin were mutated to alanine and subjected to temporal gentamicin-invasion/gentamicin-survival assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Alanine	99-106	complement decay-accelerating factor	Cricetulus griseus	10-14
26539913-5	2015	Mutation of C152 to alanine (C152A) inhibited CyPG modification and conserved recombinant UCH-L1 protein hydrolase activity after 15dPGJ2 treatment.	Alanine	20-27	ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Mus musculus	90-96
24119159-6	2014	In contrast, the serine to alanine mutants, except serine 22, were fully proficient for binding to the GAL1-10 promoter, containing multiple UASGAL sites, although they had a reduced ability to activate transcription.	Alanine	27-34	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-110
26344101-0	2015	Loss of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 2 in the Liver Leads to Defects in Gluconeogenesis and Compensation via Pyruvate-Alanine Cycling.	Alanine	120-127	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2	Mus musculus	8-40
26344101-5	2015	Indeed, inhibition of pyruvate-alanine transamination further reduced mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and glucose production by LS-Mpc2(-/-) hepatocytes.	Alanine	31-38	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2	Mus musculus	133-137
26624286-8	2015	Molecular modeling analysis indicated that interaction between W252 and L303 are important for RT structure, and their mutation to alanine did not impair heterodimerisation, but negatively impacted interaction with eEF1A.	Alanine	131-138	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	215-220
24445252-8	2014	RC complex I (gas-1) and III (isp-1) subunit mutants, together with the coenzyme Q biosynthetic mutant (clk-1), shared a similar amino acid profile of elevated alanine and decreased glutamate.	Alanine	160-167	Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial	Caenorhabditis elegans	30-35
26537685-5	2016	Alanine-scanning analysis of Vif revealed that six residues located within the conserved Vif F1-, F2-, and F3-box motifs are essential for both A3C and A3F degradation, and an additional four residues are uniquely required for A3F degradation.	Alanine	0-7	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3F	Homo sapiens	152-155
26537685-5	2016	Alanine-scanning analysis of Vif revealed that six residues located within the conserved Vif F1-, F2-, and F3-box motifs are essential for both A3C and A3F degradation, and an additional four residues are uniquely required for A3F degradation.	Alanine	0-7	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3F	Homo sapiens	227-230
25858271-4	2015	METHOD: 278 (136M:142F) T1DM patients and 135 (72M:63F) normal, healthy controls were investigated for SOD-2 polymorphism in the mitochondrial targeting sequence with Ala/Val (C-9T) substitution.	Alanine	167-170	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
25858271-10	2015	CONCLUSION: The SNP in SOD-2 results in a substitution of C to T, which causes an amino acid change from alanine to valine.	Alanine	105-112	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
26275108-3	2015	To determine the specific role of RNA editing by ADAR1, we generated mice with an editing-deficient knock-in mutation (Adar1(E861A), where E861A denotes Glu(861) Ala(861)).	Alanine	162-165	adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific	Mus musculus	119-124
23503467-7	2014	We identify Ser(118) as the major PKD2 phosphorylation site in CIB1a and show that PKD2 interacts with CIB1a via its alanine and proline-rich domain.	Alanine	117-124	protein kinase D2	Homo sapiens	83-87
25935286-4	2015	We herein investigate the structure and biological activities of indolicidin, where Proline at either one or more of the 3rd, 7th, 10th positions has been replaced by Alanine to better understand its structure and biological function.	Alanine	167-174	cathelicidin-4	Bos taurus	65-76
25935286-5	2015	EXPERIMENTS: Structural aspects of Proline residues of indolicidin and its effect on antimicrobial activity were elucidated by replacing Proline residues with Alanine.	Alanine	159-166	cathelicidin-4	Bos taurus	55-66
26400460-14	2015	The Ala variant, which has been associated with increased MnSOD activity, was associated with hearing damage in this study.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
24485831-9	2014	CONCLUSION: MTX enhances ALA-PDT-induced SCC4 cell killing through upregulation of CPOX expression and subsequent increase in intracellular protoporphyrin IX production in SCC4 cells.	Alanine	25-28	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	83-87
24191653-5	2014	In this study, a selective binding site that can differentiate beta-catenin/Tcf, beta-catenin/cadherin, and beta-catenin/APC interactions was identified by alanine scanning and biochemical assays.	Alanine	156-163	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	121-124
25662905-6	2015	RESULTS: Among patients who underwent RT in the test cohort, there was a significant association between 3 of the 7 SOD2 SNPs and lethal prostate cancer: rs6917589 (overall P = .006), rs2758331 (P = .04) and the functional valine to alanine polymorphism in rs4880 (P = .04).	Alanine	233-240	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
24213609-9	2014	An alanine mutation at Y352 of RTEF-1 disrupted the interaction of RTEF-1 with p65.	Alanine	3-10	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	79-82
26239056-4	2015	We find that the rs1535500 polymorphism, which results in an alanine-to-glutamate substitution in the C-terminus of human TALK-1, increases channel activity.	Alanine	61-68	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 16	Homo sapiens	122-128
23178491-11	2014	Mutation of the phosphorylation site in CDK11(p110) to alanine abrogated its splicing-activating activity.	Alanine	55-62	cyclin dependent kinase 19	Homo sapiens	40-45
26528342-8	2015	Furthermore, an overall protective effect of the Ala allele of the MnSOD polymorphism on PCa risk was detected.	Alanine	49-52	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	67-72
25995084-4	2015	By performing alanine scan we examined the propensity of each amino acid in the peptide sequence to bind the substrate (mica).	Alanine	14-21	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	120-124
23685991-3	2014	The replacement of Ser123, Ser173 and Thr180 into alanines at the proline-rich linker region of IRF3 abolishes BGLF4-mediated suppression.	Alanine	50-58	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	96-100
25811613-2	2015	Here, a micellar system employing TfR-specific 7peptide (histidine-alanine-isoleucine-tyrosine- proline-arginine-histidine, HAIYPRH, 7pep) as the targeting moiety was constructed; and its endocytosis, intracellular trafficking as well as influence on TfR expression and in vivo tumor targeting were explored in the MCF-7 tumor model.	Alanine	67-74	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	34-37
26054680-10	2015	Considering the biological activity, other derivatives can be set in the following series: Orn (-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2)&gt;Dab (-CH2-CH2-NH2)&gt;Dap (-CH2-NH2)&gt;Ala (CH3)&gt;betulin.	Alanine	157-160	death associated protein	Homo sapiens	139-142
25753816-3	2015	In humans, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is present in the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), localized in codon 16 (rs4880), which can either be an alanine (A) or valine (V).	Alanine	169-176	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
24790757-7	2014	Alanine was found to be significant and high in the helix region of psychrophiles and valine counters in thermophilic beta -galactosidase.	Alanine	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	118-137
26001729-3	2015	In this study, we found that activated p38MAPK could significantly up-regulate the activity and expression of histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300HAT) in A375 and C26 cells treated with ALA-and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated photodynamic treatment.	Alanine	186-189	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	39-46
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase RAD53	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	148-153
23956175-10	2013	Finally, alanine substitution of the two terminal cysteine residues from the A-domain of V194D matrilin-3 prevented aggregation, promoted mutant protein secretion and reduced the levels of Armet and Creld2 in a cell culture model.	Alanine	9-16	mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	189-194
25931513-8	2015	We experimentally test the role of alanine-rich LCRs in two different TF gene families, PHOX2A/PHOX2B and LHX2/LHX9.	Alanine	35-42	paired like homeobox 2A	Homo sapiens	88-94
23876235-6	2013	Phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase Yes and expression of the actin-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) were increased two- and eightfold in TamR cells respectively, and these proteins were selected for further analysis.	Alanine	101-108	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	134-140
25931513-8	2015	We experimentally test the role of alanine-rich LCRs in two different TF gene families, PHOX2A/PHOX2B and LHX2/LHX9.	Alanine	35-42	LIM homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
26218264-0	2015	Fragment-Based Drug Discovery Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins: Discovery of a Non-Alanine Lead Series with Dual Activity Against cIAP1 and XIAP.	Alanine	92-99	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Mus musculus	149-153
25643815-5	2015	An alanine mutation in the Walker A motif (K189A rNSs) decreased DNA helicase activity substantially, whereas a mutation in the Walker B motif resulted in a marginal decrease in this activity.	Alanine	3-10	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	69-77
23957209-4	2013	Among them, Thr341 in Noxo1 is directly phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, and alanine substitution for this residue reduces not only PMA-induced Noxo1 phosphorylation but also PMA-dependent enhancement of Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production.	Alanine	76-83	NADPH oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	203-207
25593322-11	2015	Serine-to-alanine substitutions identified Ser-292/Ser-293, a site unique to human PDE3A1, as the principal site regulating its interaction with SERCA2.	Alanine	10-17	ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2	Homo sapiens	145-151
26190112-8	2015	Mutation of these three sites into alanine prevents phosphorylation by AMPK.	Alanine	35-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
24204258-4	2013	Tg mice expressing ovine PrP with alanine (A) at (OvPrP-A136) infected with SSBP/1 scrapie prions propagated a relatively stable (S) prion conformation, which accumulated as punctate aggregates in the brain, and produced prolonged incubation times.	Alanine	34-41	prion protein	Mus musculus	25-28
26084399-11	2015	The degree of nuclear localization of hPPIP5K2 was increased when S1006 was rendered non-phosphorylatable by its mutation to Ala.	Alanine	125-128	diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	38-46
26083598-8	2015	Using the vacuolar membrane vesicles isolated from avt3+-overexpressing S. cerevisiae cells, we detected the export activities of alanine and tyrosine in an ATP-dependent manner.	Alanine	130-137	Avt3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
25572393-5	2015	Put4p-mimicking substitutions in TMS3 (S130C), TMS6 (F252L, S253G), TMS8 (W351F), and TMS10 (T414S) broadened the specificity of PrnB, enabling it to recognize more efficiently l-alanine, l-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and glycine without significantly affecting the apparent Km for l-proline.	Alanine	177-186	proline permease PUT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
25572393-7	2015	A combination of all five Put4p-ressembling substitutions resulted in a functional allele that could also transport l-alanine and glycine, displaying a specificity profile impressively similar to that of Put4p.	Alanine	116-125	proline permease PUT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-31
25572393-7	2015	A combination of all five Put4p-ressembling substitutions resulted in a functional allele that could also transport l-alanine and glycine, displaying a specificity profile impressively similar to that of Put4p.	Alanine	116-125	proline permease PUT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	204-209
25520403-9	2015	Further, we performed an amino acid competition assay and found that two amino acids, alanine and glycine, known as substrates of LHT1, could suppress the ACC-induced triple response in a LHT1-dependent way.	Alanine	86-93	lysine histidine transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	130-134
25520403-9	2015	Further, we performed an amino acid competition assay and found that two amino acids, alanine and glycine, known as substrates of LHT1, could suppress the ACC-induced triple response in a LHT1-dependent way.	Alanine	86-93	lysine histidine transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	188-192
23803748-6	2013	These results suggested that stabilities of Ala-substituted CLV3 peptides are positively correlated with their activities in SAMs.	Alanine	44-47	CLAVATA3	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
25217103-7	2015	Substitutions of serine residue with alanine at single or both positions substantially attenuate Aurora-A-mediated stabilization of beta-catenin, abolish its cytosolic and nuclear localization as well as transcriptional activity.	Alanine	37-44	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	97-105
23899389-6	2013	Substantial promiscuity was observed in the binding site of S100B thereby accommodating variations in the peptide sequence, while S100A1, S100A2, and S100P exhibited larger differences in the binding constants for the TRTK12 alanine variants.	Alanine	225-232	S100 calcium binding protein A2	Homo sapiens	138-144
25258324-9	2014	Alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation target sites increases MCM binding but blocks Cdc45 loading in vivo and inhibits cell division.	Alanine	0-7	D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
25258324-10	2014	In egg extracts alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation sites blocks Cdc45 loading and inhibits DNA replication.	Alanine	16-23	D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
25543001-6	2015	Here, we identified a single point mutation in the pro-phenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) gene of Bc flies causing an Alanine to Valine change in the C-terminal domain of PPO1, predicted to affect the conformation of the N-terminal pro-domain cleavage site at a distance and causing uncontrolled catalytic activity.	Alanine	106-113	Prophenoloxidase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	51-70
25543001-6	2015	Here, we identified a single point mutation in the pro-phenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) gene of Bc flies causing an Alanine to Valine change in the C-terminal domain of PPO1, predicted to affect the conformation of the N-terminal pro-domain cleavage site at a distance and causing uncontrolled catalytic activity.	Alanine	106-113	Prophenoloxidase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	72-76
23720348-10	2013	Mutation of SHP-1-S591 to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, increases inhibition of NFAT5 by SHP-1.	Alanine	26-33	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	91-96
25543001-6	2015	Here, we identified a single point mutation in the pro-phenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) gene of Bc flies causing an Alanine to Valine change in the C-terminal domain of PPO1, predicted to affect the conformation of the N-terminal pro-domain cleavage site at a distance and causing uncontrolled catalytic activity.	Alanine	106-113	Prophenoloxidase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	159-163
26018492-4	2015	Alanine mutation of the Ago2-facing Lys56 in eIF1A impairs RNAi activities in human cells and zebrafish.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A X-linked	Homo sapiens	45-50
25253241-9	2014	Ser-to-Ala mutations of these Dab2 residues inhibited albumin endocytosis and resulted in a shift in location of Dab2 from the peripheral to the perinuclear area, suggesting the physiological relevance of these phosphorylation sites in albumin endocytosis.	Alanine	7-10	DAB adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
25253241-9	2014	Ser-to-Ala mutations of these Dab2 residues inhibited albumin endocytosis and resulted in a shift in location of Dab2 from the peripheral to the perinuclear area, suggesting the physiological relevance of these phosphorylation sites in albumin endocytosis.	Alanine	7-10	DAB adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	113-117
23600630-6	2013	By screening a panel of specific serine to alanine residue mutants, we identified Ser116 and Ser586 as PKA phosphorylation sites in CalDAG-GEFI.	Alanine	43-50	RAS guanyl releasing protein 2	Homo sapiens	132-143
25342393-13	2014	Intriguingly, ALA-treatment markedly augmented VDAC1 protein levels exclusively, and the downregulation of VDAC1 expression by specific siRNA also significantly abolished cell apoptosis.	Alanine	14-17	voltage dependent anion channel 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
25885222-9	2015	Six residues of EGFR kinase and eight residues of MIG-6_s1 residues were shown to be responsible for interface binding in which we investigated per residue free energy decomposition and the results from the computational alanine scanning approach.	Alanine	221-228	ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
23403135-4	2013	METHODS: SC4 alanine-scanning analogs and their activities on were tested on P. aeruginosa.	Alanine	13-20	secretory carrier membrane protein 4	Mus musculus	9-12
25816335-8	2015	In addition, the first step of the cleavage and polyadenylation reaction, mRNA cleavage, is affected in muscles expressing alanine-expanded PABPN1.	Alanine	123-130	Pabp2	Drosophila melanogaster	140-146
25597996-11	2015	Further mutation of XRCC4 Asn326 to other amino acids, i.e., alanine, aspartic acid or glutamine did not affect the nuclear localization but still exhibited radiosensitivity.	Alanine	61-68	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
25331670-4	2014	The molecular docking study of T1R1 and T1R3 in complex with four peptides, including Lys-Gly-Asp-Glu-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ala, Ser-Glu-Glu, G1u-Ser, and Asp-Glu-Ser, displayed that the amino acid residue of SER146 and Glu277 in T1R3 may play great roles in the synergism of umami taste.	Alanine	114-117	taste 1 receptor member 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
25331670-4	2014	The molecular docking study of T1R1 and T1R3 in complex with four peptides, including Lys-Gly-Asp-Glu-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ala, Ser-Glu-Glu, G1u-Ser, and Asp-Glu-Ser, displayed that the amino acid residue of SER146 and Glu277 in T1R3 may play great roles in the synergism of umami taste.	Alanine	114-117	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	40-44
23529130-5	2013	Systematic alanine scanning for potential CaMKII phosphorylation sites revealed that Thr(487) was solely responsible for the activation of the TRPC6 channel by receptor stimulation.	Alanine	11-18	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	42-48
25228159-4	2014	To gain a better understanding of the functions of this domain in MC3R, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on 18 residues.	Alanine	85-92	melanocortin 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	66-70
25412913-4	2014	While vav-1 is expressed in a small subset of neurons, we find that VAV-1 function is required in a single interneuron, ALA, to regulate motor neuron circuit activity.	Alanine	120-123	Protein vav-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	68-73
25412913-5	2014	Furthermore, we show by genetic and optogenetic manipulation of ALA that VAV-1 is required for the excitation and activation of this neuron.	Alanine	64-67	Protein vav-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	73-78
25877608-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) gene on genetic susceptibility to idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF).	Alanine	52-59	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	69-84
25877608-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of forkhead box E1 (FOXE1) gene on genetic susceptibility to idiopathic premature ovarian failure (POF).	Alanine	52-59	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	86-91
25877608-6	2015	The length of FOXE1 polyalanine reported in this study varied from 12 to 16 alanines, and three variants of FOXE1-polyalanine length, containing 12, 14, or 16 alanine residues, and 5 different genotypes were identified.	Alanine	76-84	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	14-19
23529130-5	2013	Systematic alanine scanning for potential CaMKII phosphorylation sites revealed that Thr(487) was solely responsible for the activation of the TRPC6 channel by receptor stimulation.	Alanine	11-18	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	143-148
23487450-5	2013	We assessed the impact of these mutations on long terminal repeat (LTR) activity and found that Tat activity was negatively affected by the Ala(21) substitution identified in 13/20 (65%) of patients, which reduced LTR activity by 88% (+- 1%) (P &lt; 0.001).	Alanine	140-143	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	96-99
25493718-7	2015	The results suggest that in SerR, similarly to the related enzyme alanine racemase, the unprotonated PLP-substrate intermediate is stabilized mostly due to solvation effects contributed by water molecules and active-site residues, as well as long-range electrostatic interactions with the enzyme environment.	Alanine	66-73	serine racemase	Homo sapiens	28-32
25493718-7	2015	The results suggest that in SerR, similarly to the related enzyme alanine racemase, the unprotonated PLP-substrate intermediate is stabilized mostly due to solvation effects contributed by water molecules and active-site residues, as well as long-range electrostatic interactions with the enzyme environment.	Alanine	66-73	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	101-104
25378700-6	2014	Likewise and again, without affecting pErk, inhibiting Arrb recruitment by mutating Ser rich clusters of the nuclear localization signal to Ala abolished nuclear import and Oxtr-induced gene expression.	Alanine	140-143	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	173-177
23396967-5	2013	Alanine substitution of these residues (P4m) eliminated the mobility shift induced by either Wnt3a or Wnt5a.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	93-98
25386648-6	2014	Alanine substitution by site-directed mutagenesis of His995 in the pore-forming region strongly attenuated Cu2+-induced channel inactivation, and mutation of several other pore residues to alanine altered the kinetics of channel inactivation by Cu2+.	Alanine	0-7	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35	Mus musculus	107-110
25386648-6	2014	Alanine substitution by site-directed mutagenesis of His995 in the pore-forming region strongly attenuated Cu2+-induced channel inactivation, and mutation of several other pore residues to alanine altered the kinetics of channel inactivation by Cu2+.	Alanine	0-7	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35	Mus musculus	245-248
23396967-10	2013	Alanine substitution of these three residues was sufficient to abrogate the Wnt-dependent mobility shift.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	76-79
25386648-6	2014	Alanine substitution by site-directed mutagenesis of His995 in the pore-forming region strongly attenuated Cu2+-induced channel inactivation, and mutation of several other pore residues to alanine altered the kinetics of channel inactivation by Cu2+.	Alanine	189-196	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35	Mus musculus	107-110
25387129-5	2015	Single amino acid replacements were introduced into TM6 of OATP1A2 (residues 245-266) by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	89-96	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	59-66
23416297-2	2013	In the present study, we biochemically characterized Phs1 mutants with Ala-substitution at each of seven highly conserved amino-acid residues.	Alanine	71-74	enoyl-CoA hydratase PHS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
24617291-7	2014	Also ALA decreased IL-1beta and Caspase 3 levels that increased in SNC group.	Alanine	5-8	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
25257781-5	2014	The seven Trp residues divided into three classes according the impact of mutations on the functional expression of AE1: Class 1, dramatically decreased expression (Trp(492) and Trp(496)); Class 2, decreased expression by Ala substitution but not Phe (Trp(648), Trp(662) and Trp(723)); and Class 3, normal expression (Trp(831) and Trp(848)).	Alanine	222-225	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	116-119
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Mus musculus	73-78
25368151-7	2014	Mass spectrophotometric and bioinformatic analyses of the IP3R protein identified two palmitoylated cysteine residues and another potentially palmitoylated cysteine, and mutation of these three cysteines to alanines resulted in decreased IP3R palmitoylation and function.	Alanine	207-215	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	58-62
25368151-7	2014	Mass spectrophotometric and bioinformatic analyses of the IP3R protein identified two palmitoylated cysteine residues and another potentially palmitoylated cysteine, and mutation of these three cysteines to alanines resulted in decreased IP3R palmitoylation and function.	Alanine	207-215	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	238-242
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
25323695-5	2014	We developed an ethyl derivative of an existing small-molecule inhibitor, I-BET/JQ1, and showed that it binds leucine/alanine mutant bromodomains with nanomolar affinity and achieves up to 540-fold selectivity relative to wild-type bromodomains.	Alanine	118-125	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	76-79
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
25400524-7	2014	For all three receptors, beta1AR, A2AR, and NTSR1, we observed that mutations of hydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domain to alanine that have high stability scores correlate with high experimental thermostability.	Alanine	133-140	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	25-32
25400524-7	2014	For all three receptors, beta1AR, A2AR, and NTSR1, we observed that mutations of hydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domain to alanine that have high stability scores correlate with high experimental thermostability.	Alanine	133-140	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
25301019-4	2014	Stimulation of mouse neutrophils with L-alanine or L-serine, which are ligands for the umami taste receptor, elicited not only ERK or p38 MAPK phosphorylation but also chemotactic migration.	Alanine	38-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	134-137
25079690-5	2014	Alanine substitutions blocking Mn binding abrogated both oligomerization of GPP130 and GPP130 sorting from the Golgi to lysosomes.	Alanine	0-7	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
25079690-5	2014	Alanine substitutions blocking Mn binding abrogated both oligomerization of GPP130 and GPP130 sorting from the Golgi to lysosomes.	Alanine	0-7	golgi integral membrane protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-93
23331010-8	2013	Functional mutagenesis analysis showed that mutation of Ser 269 of mouse PDX-1 (corresponding to Ser 268 of human PDX-1) into nonphosphorylatable alanine abolished the stabilizing effect of p38 on PDX-1, which was in line with enhanced PDX-1 ubiquitination and shortened half-life of PDX-1.	Alanine	146-153	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
23321419-3	2013	As a proof of concept, we used the well-characterized stem cell-restricting CLAVATA3 (CLV3) to develop an antagonistic peptide technology by transformations of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with constructs carrying the full-length CLV3 with every residue in the peptide-coding region replaced, one at a time, by alanine.	Alanine	327-334	CLAVATA3	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
24907534-0	2014	Improve efficacy of topical ALA-PDT by calcipotriol through up-regulation of coproporphyrinogen oxidase.	Alanine	28-31	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	77-103
23277198-0	2013	GSK3beta phosphorylates newly identified site in the proline-alanine-rich region of cardiac myosin-binding protein C and alters cross-bridge cycling kinetics in human: short communication.	Alanine	61-68	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	0-8
24907534-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Topical CAL can improve the efficacy of ALA-PDT in treating precancerous lesions, likely through the increase in CPOX level and in PpIX production.	Alanine	52-55	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	125-129
25231989-6	2014	We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected.	Alanine	97-104	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	143-151
23277198-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: GSK3beta phosphorylates cMyBP-C on a novel site, which is positioned in the proline-alanine-rich region and increases kinetics of force development, suggesting a noncanonical role for GSK3beta at the sarcomere level.	Alanine	97-104	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	13-21
25121504-6	2014	Expression of a mutated version of dCLK where all the mapped phospho-sites were switched to alanine (dCLK-15A) rescues the arrythmicity of Clk(out) flies, yet with an approximately 1.5 hr shorter period.	Alanine	92-99	Clock	Drosophila melanogaster	35-39
23201157-9	2013	A serine-to-alanine mutation at this site was found to attenuate Aurora-A-mediated phosphorylation in vitro.	Alanine	12-19	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	65-73
25121504-6	2014	Expression of a mutated version of dCLK where all the mapped phospho-sites were switched to alanine (dCLK-15A) rescues the arrythmicity of Clk(out) flies, yet with an approximately 1.5 hr shorter period.	Alanine	92-99	Clock	Drosophila melanogaster	101-105
25121504-6	2014	Expression of a mutated version of dCLK where all the mapped phospho-sites were switched to alanine (dCLK-15A) rescues the arrythmicity of Clk(out) flies, yet with an approximately 1.5 hr shorter period.	Alanine	92-99	Clock	Drosophila melanogaster	139-142
24828646-5	2014	An alanine substitution mutation in a tyrosine-based motif (DVMAT-Y600A) also reduced sorting to SVs and showed an endocytic deficit specific to aminergic nerve terminals.	Alanine	3-10	Vesicular monoamine transporter	Drosophila melanogaster	60-65
25183013-5	2014	Consistent with phosphorylation promoting the activity of Psh1, Cse4 was stabilized in a Psh1 phosphodepleted mutant strain in which the major phosphorylation sites were changed to alanines.	Alanine	181-189	ubiquitin-protein ligase PSH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
25183013-5	2014	Consistent with phosphorylation promoting the activity of Psh1, Cse4 was stabilized in a Psh1 phosphodepleted mutant strain in which the major phosphorylation sites were changed to alanines.	Alanine	181-189	centromeric DNA-binding histone H3-like protein CSE4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
25187518-9	2014	The mitochondrial translocation of GSK-3beta was attenuated also when Lys-15, but not Arg-4 or Arg-6, in the N-terminal domain of GSK-3beta was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	158-165	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	35-44
23286197-8	2013	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the binding site on SLIP1 for SLBP lies close to the dimer interface.	Alanine	6-13	stem-loop binding protein	Homo sapiens	86-90
25313507-13	2014	Pharmacological inhibition of PKCbeta or Ser to Ala substitution in the hDAT A559V background restores AMPH-induced DA efflux while promoting intracellular AMPH accumulation.	Alanine	48-51	protein kinase C beta	Homo sapiens	30-37
24736394-5	2014	We further mapped the interaction regions to the 1-9 armadillo repeats of beta-catenin and the BTB domain of KCTD1, especially Position Ala-30 and His-33.	Alanine	136-139	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
24199154-3	2013	Alanine substitutions at hydrophilic (Glu127* and Glu128*) and hydrophobic (Leu32*) GLP-1R residues were previously shown to differentially interact with GLP-1 and exendin-4.	Alanine	0-7	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	84-90
23401744-1	2013	We have demonstrated that the peptide L-2 designed from an alanine scanning of the Limulus-derived LALF32-51 region is a potential candidate for the anticancer therapy and its cell-penetrating capacity is an associated useful property.	Alanine	59-66	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-15	Homo sapiens	38-41
24497629-3	2014	Ala scanning mutations showed that the Ser protease cleavage site resides between residues 37 and 41 of human CYP1B1.	Alanine	0-3	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	110-116
25108836-6	2014	Herein, we mutated all seven cysteines of APE1, either singly or in combination, to alanine and show that none of the resulting variants interfered with the enzyme DNA repair functions.	Alanine	84-91	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
23105112-7	2012	Similarly, mutation of the residues alanine 262 and glycine 266 of an AXXXG dimerization motif flanking the gamma-secretase cleavage site within the p75(NTR) transmembrane domain alters the orientation of the domain and inhibits gamma-secretase cleavage of p75(NTR).	Alanine	36-43	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	149-157
24719229-2	2014	This study aimed to demonstrate possible associations between genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 3, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including the phenotypes lupus nephritis and malar rash, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-containing complexes.	Alanine	179-182	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	87-107
25062723-4	2014	In this study, we identified a novel FGF2-binding short peptide (P8, PLLQATAGGGS-NH2) using phage display technology and alanine scanning.	Alanine	121-128	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	37-41
24637639-7	2014	Mutation to alanine (W82A on the beta2 subunit or W88A on the alpha4 subunit) significantly altered the response to acetylcholine measured by oocyte voltage-clamp electrophysiology in both interfaces.	Alanine	12-19	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
24567510-3	2014	Substitution of two TRP box residues-I696 and W697-with Ala markedly affects TRPV1"s response to all activating stimuli, which indicates that these two residues play a crucial role in channel gating.	Alanine	56-59	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
23105112-7	2012	Similarly, mutation of the residues alanine 262 and glycine 266 of an AXXXG dimerization motif flanking the gamma-secretase cleavage site within the p75(NTR) transmembrane domain alters the orientation of the domain and inhibits gamma-secretase cleavage of p75(NTR).	Alanine	36-43	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
23105112-7	2012	Similarly, mutation of the residues alanine 262 and glycine 266 of an AXXXG dimerization motif flanking the gamma-secretase cleavage site within the p75(NTR) transmembrane domain alters the orientation of the domain and inhibits gamma-secretase cleavage of p75(NTR).	Alanine	36-43	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	153-156
24709419-9	2014	Further, we identify two conserved proline (P) residues in UBCH5 critical for SMURF2 interaction; mutation of either of these P to alanine also destabilizes KRAS.	Alanine	131-138	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D1	Homo sapiens	59-64
22960131-5	2012	When the glutamic acid at this position was mutated to alanine (E543A) in the JAK2 C618R, its activity significantly decreased.	Alanine	55-62	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
24277841-4	2013	We generated transgenic plants expressing UVR8 with a single amino acid change of tryptophan-285 to alanine.	Alanine	100-107	Regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
23225038-13	2012	Upon sequencing exon 11 of the LHCGR, a heterozygous point mutation of nucleotide 1703 from C to T was detected, which resulted in an amino acid transition from Ala (GCC) to Val (GTC) at position 568.	Alanine	161-164	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	166-169
26592300-0	2013	Solvent Binding Analysis and Computational Alanine Scanning of the Bovine Chymosin-Bovine kappa-Casein Complex Using Molecular Integral Equation Theory.	Alanine	43-50	chymosin	Bos taurus	74-82
25262337-9	2014	Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that expression of a mutant Cx43-S282A (alanine) inhibited S279/282 phosphorylation and GJ permeability, while the S279A mutant showed the opposite effect in ventricular myocytes.	Alanine	76-83	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
22311068-9	2012	Alanine mutation of the residues E207 and D213, which correspond to the Mg(2+)-binding site of Schizosaccharomyces pombe serine racemase, abolished the Mg(2+)- and Na(+)-dependent stimulation.	Alanine	0-7	serine racemase	Homo sapiens	121-136
24972609-4	2014	METHODS: Meta-analyses were performed between RA and 3 TAP2 coding polymorphisms that comprised TAP2-379Ile &gt; Val (rs1800454), TAP2-565Ala &gt; Thr (rs2228396) and TAP2-665Thr &gt; Ala (rs241447).	Alanine	138-141	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	55-59
24147985-1	2013	Using (15)N solid-state NMR, we have studied protonation and H-bonded states of the cofactor pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP) linked as an internal aldimine in alanine racemase (AlaR), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and poly-L-lysine.	Alanine	156-163	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	93-115
23991909-8	2013	We conclude that 1) the Ala allele is more frequent in athletes than in controls; and 2) the higher frequency of the Ala allele was noted in both endurance and power athletes compared with that in controls, suggesting that the positive association between the Ala allele and athletic performance may be related to ROS-related angiogenesis, mitochondrial biosynthesis, and muscle hypertrophy, and not to MnSOD aerobic properties.	Alanine	117-120	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	403-408
22791334-3	2012	Similar assays demonstrated various PIPs can bind strongly to a native myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), but weakly or not at all to a mutant form of MARCKS.	Alanine	85-92	myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	118-124
23991909-8	2013	We conclude that 1) the Ala allele is more frequent in athletes than in controls; and 2) the higher frequency of the Ala allele was noted in both endurance and power athletes compared with that in controls, suggesting that the positive association between the Ala allele and athletic performance may be related to ROS-related angiogenesis, mitochondrial biosynthesis, and muscle hypertrophy, and not to MnSOD aerobic properties.	Alanine	117-120	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	403-408
23873030-5	2014	We demonstrate that both WT PHOX2B and the neuroblastoma-associated R100L missense and the CCHS-associated alanine expansion variants induce nuclear translocation of HPCAL1 in a Ca(2+)-independent manner, while the neuroblastoma-associated 676delG frameshift and K155X truncation mutants impair subcellular localization of HPCAL1, causing it to remain in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	107-114	hippocalcin like 1	Homo sapiens	166-172
24191046-2	2013	A central constriction of six apolar residues has been shown to form a seal, but also to determine the hydrophobicity threshold for membrane integration: Mutation of these residues in yeast Sec61p to glycines, serines, aspartates, or lysines lowered the hydrophobicity required for integration; mutation to alanines increased it.	Alanine	307-315	translocon subunit SEC61	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	190-196
22817838-5	2012	In the present study, we assessed whether redox regulation of thiol residues contained in IRF-3, which are priviledged redox sensors, play a role in its regulation following Sendai virus infection, using a combination of mutation of Cysteine (Cys) residues into Alanine and thiols alkylation using N-ethyl maleimide.	Alanine	262-269	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	90-95
23760740-5	2013	The approximate binding epitope was demonstrated from results on BABP samples in which different positively charged lysine residues were mutated to neutral alanines.	Alanine	156-164	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2	Homo sapiens	65-69
24764300-6	2014	WELVVL is the minimal active sequence of pep5, whereas Leu-Ala substitutions totally abolished pep5 cell death activity.	Alanine	59-62	VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes	Homo sapiens	95-99
24535599-8	2014	Grb14-IR binding was also facilitated by replacement of the serines with Ala.	Alanine	73-76	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	6-8
23012433-10	2012	Ala mutants of these tryptophans appear monomeric and constitutively bind COP1 in plants, but their responses indicate that monomer formation and COP1 binding are not sufficient for UVR8 function.	Alanine	0-3	Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	74-78
24610415-5	2014	Patients with HCV and normal, healthy controls were investigated for a superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) polymorphism in the mitochondrial targeting sequence with Ala/Val (C-9T) substitution.	Alanine	158-161	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
24040040-9	2013	Therefore, the possible improvement of Elovl2 activity is suggested toward a more efficient DHA production from ALA.	Alanine	112-115	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
25825595-3	2014	In this study we assessed the potential of increasing immunogenicity of M2e by constructing a nanoscale-designed protein polymer containing the M2e sequence and an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanodomain consisting of alanine and tyrosine guest residues (ELP(A2YA2)24).	Alanine	220-227	diazepam binding inhibitor-like 5	Mus musculus	190-193
23816881-6	2013	Furthermore, we identify Ser 497 of Nrf1 as the CK2 phosphorylation site and demonstrate that its alanine substitution (S497A) augments the transcriptional activity of Nrf1 and mitigates proteasome dysfunction and the formation of p62-positive juxtanuclear inclusion bodies upon proteasome inhibition.	Alanine	98-105	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
23816881-6	2013	Furthermore, we identify Ser 497 of Nrf1 as the CK2 phosphorylation site and demonstrate that its alanine substitution (S497A) augments the transcriptional activity of Nrf1 and mitigates proteasome dysfunction and the formation of p62-positive juxtanuclear inclusion bodies upon proteasome inhibition.	Alanine	98-105	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
22514276-8	2012	As observed in myocytes, CaMKII shifted WT I(Na) availability to a more negative membrane potential and enhanced accumulation of I(Na) into an intermediate inactivated state, but these effects were abolished by mutating either of these sites to non-phosphorylatable Ala residues.	Alanine	266-269	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	25-31
23853094-5	2013	Consistent with our previous demonstration that CDK2 negatively regulates Treg function, we find that mutation of the serine or threonine at each CDK motif to alanine (S/T A) results in enhanced Foxp3 protein stability in CD4(+) T cells.	Alanine	159-166	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
23853094-5	2013	Consistent with our previous demonstration that CDK2 negatively regulates Treg function, we find that mutation of the serine or threonine at each CDK motif to alanine (S/T A) results in enhanced Foxp3 protein stability in CD4(+) T cells.	Alanine	159-166	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	195-200
22261743-4	2012	By employing serine-to-alanine mutants, we found that hypo-phosphorylated nuclear RelA is monoubiquitinated on multiple lysine residues.	Alanine	23-30	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	82-86
23316810-3	2013	Immobilized catalase showed the maximal enzyme activity at pH 7.0 at 30 C. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, for immobilized catalase on alanine-chitosan beads and lysine-chitosan beads were estimated to be 25.67 mM, 27 mM and 201.39 mumol H2O2/min, 197.50 mumol H2O2/min, respectively.	Alanine	140-147	catalase	Bos taurus	12-20
23316810-3	2013	Immobilized catalase showed the maximal enzyme activity at pH 7.0 at 30 C. The kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, for immobilized catalase on alanine-chitosan beads and lysine-chitosan beads were estimated to be 25.67 mM, 27 mM and 201.39 mumol H2O2/min, 197.50 mumol H2O2/min, respectively.	Alanine	140-147	catalase	Bos taurus	128-136
24722992-7	2014	Mutation of these Ser/Thr residues to Ala in ATL31 inhibited the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, as demonstrated by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analyses.	Alanine	38-41	carbon/nitrogen insensitive 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-50
24753257-4	2014	To map key residues in TM2b and TM7 in yeast Sec61 that modulate lateral gating activity, we performed alanine scanning and in vivo site-directed photocross-linking experiments.	Alanine	103-110	translocon subunit SEC61	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-50
22699057-3	2012	Genotyping of the SNP Ala-9Val of MnSOD gene was performed by PCR and direct sequencing of the PCR products.	Alanine	22-25	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
24748754-10	2014	Kaempferol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, a Secondary metabolite of S.interrupta form 6 hydrogen bond interactions with Arg 202, Gln 207, Gly 227, Gly 229, Thr 231 and Ala 232 human DEAD box RNA helicase, DDX3 protein and is equivalent to crystal structure of adenosine mono phosphate to DDX3.	Alanine	162-165	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	199-203
23809327-4	2013	FADS1, FADS2, ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 mRNAs were highest (P&lt;0.05) in birds fed lower LA:ALA diets.	Alanine	85-88	fatty acid desaturase 1	Gallus gallus	0-5
24748754-10	2014	Kaempferol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, a Secondary metabolite of S.interrupta form 6 hydrogen bond interactions with Arg 202, Gln 207, Gly 227, Gly 229, Thr 231 and Ala 232 human DEAD box RNA helicase, DDX3 protein and is equivalent to crystal structure of adenosine mono phosphate to DDX3.	Alanine	162-165	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	282-286
22498747-8	2012	These data show that alanine substitutions at positions 2090, 2092, and 2093 reduce the immunogenicity of FVIII.	Alanine	21-28	coagulation factor VIII	Mus musculus	106-111
24216307-5	2014	In mutant versions of Cdc6, we replaced leucine with alanine in NES1 and NES2 and co-expressed the mutant constructs with cyclin A.	Alanine	53-60	kallikrein related peptidase 10	Homo sapiens	64-68
23686857-7	2013	Moreover, furin-induced proteolysis of mutant PKGI, in which alanines were substituted into the putative PC consensus sequence, was decreased in these cells.	Alanine	61-69	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	10-15
23702709-5	2013	For the (scFv + L1)(10+) ion, it was found that deoxygenation of L1 (at Gal C3 and C6 and Man C4 and C6) or mutation of His101 (to Ala) resulted in a decrease in Ec50 values.	Alanine	131-134	complement C6	Homo sapiens	72-85
22474336-8	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the Na(v)1.6 N terminus demonstrated that residues 77-80 (VAVP) contribute to interaction with Map1b.	Alanine	0-7	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	36-44
22378790-2	2012	For this purpose, four non-functional Ala mutants of the P2X2, P2X3, and P2X6 subunits were generated by replacing single, homologous amino acids particularly important for agonist binding.	Alanine	38-41	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
23745036-5	2013	RESULTS: Two novel mutations (p.81Leu Met and p.91Ala Ala) were found in PRSS1 gene from four patients with AIP.	Alanine	50-53	serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
24269578-4	2014	KEY FINDINGS: Plasma from both DIP- and GLN+ALA-treated animals showed higher l-glutamine concentrations and reduced ammonium, malondialdehyde, myoglobin and creatine kinase activity.	Alanine	44-47	myoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	144-153
24587799-9	2014	There was a significant difference in the MnSOD genotype distributions between the RCC patients and the controls in terms of Ala/Ala+Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes (P = 0.039).	Alanine	125-128	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
23525947-5	2013	Here we test that possibility by analyzing the phenotypic effects of a mutated form of TTP (mt-TTP) in which 8 phosphoserine residues were converted to alanines.	Alanine	152-160	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	87-90
22378790-2	2012	For this purpose, four non-functional Ala mutants of the P2X2, P2X3, and P2X6 subunits were generated by replacing single, homologous amino acids particularly important for agonist binding.	Alanine	38-41	purinergic receptor P2X 6	Homo sapiens	73-77
23525947-5	2013	Here we test that possibility by analyzing the phenotypic effects of a mutated form of TTP (mt-TTP) in which 8 phosphoserine residues were converted to alanines.	Alanine	152-160	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	95-98
24587799-9	2014	There was a significant difference in the MnSOD genotype distributions between the RCC patients and the controls in terms of Ala/Ala+Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes (P = 0.039).	Alanine	129-132	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
24587799-9	2014	There was a significant difference in the MnSOD genotype distributions between the RCC patients and the controls in terms of Ala/Ala+Ala/Val and Val/Val genotypes (P = 0.039).	Alanine	129-132	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
22305130-4	2012	A systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis study established the region K(122)-D(258) of the pc4 substantially associated with cell-to-cell movement, and mutants by replacement of KGR(122-124), D(135), ED(170-171), ER(201-202), EFE(218-220) or ELD(256-258) with alanine(s) no longer moved cell to cell.	Alanine	13-20	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4	Homo sapiens	92-95
24155375-7	2014	Alanine substitutions in each domain rendered the ORF44F129A mutation lethal for VZV, similar to deletion of the entire ORF44.	Alanine	0-7	tegument protein UL16	Human alphaherpesvirus 3	50-55
24198284-0	2013	An alanine-to-proline mutation in the BB-loop of TLR3 Toll/IL-1R domain switches signalling adaptor specificity from TRIF to MyD88.	Alanine	3-10	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	49-53
24198284-0	2013	An alanine-to-proline mutation in the BB-loop of TLR3 Toll/IL-1R domain switches signalling adaptor specificity from TRIF to MyD88.	Alanine	3-10	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	125-130
23463175-6	2013	Yeast two-hybrid, beta-galactosidase filter, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays confirmed that ten of the 12 alanine-substituted mutations blocked the interaction with NbPCIP1.	Alanine	133-140	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-36
23589856-12	2013	Mutation of GDPD5-T587 to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, decreases GPC-PDE activity of GDPD5.	Alanine	26-33	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	12-17
23589856-12	2013	Mutation of GDPD5-T587 to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, decreases GPC-PDE activity of GDPD5.	Alanine	26-33	glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	97-102
22305130-4	2012	A systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis study established the region K(122)-D(258) of the pc4 substantially associated with cell-to-cell movement, and mutants by replacement of KGR(122-124), D(135), ED(170-171), ER(201-202), EFE(218-220) or ELD(256-258) with alanine(s) no longer moved cell to cell.	Alanine	261-268	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4	Homo sapiens	92-95
22290434-5	2012	To examine the role of this phosphorylation, we generated mutant BRN2 in which these two residues were replaced with alanines (BRN2TS BRN2AA).	Alanine	117-125	POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	127-131
23658636-7	2013	This SNP resulted in a non synonymous substitution of Glutamic acid to Alanine in position 228 (E228A), a change previously associated with susceptibility to different cancer types and risk of metastases, suggesting a lack of functionality of TRAILR-1.	Alanine	71-78	TNF receptor superfamily member 10a	Homo sapiens	243-251
24198284-2	2013	The antiviral Toll, TLR3, is unusual because it has alanine instead of proline at this position and is the only human TLR that associates directly with the adaptor molecule TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) rather than MyD88.	Alanine	52-59	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	20-24
24198284-2	2013	The antiviral Toll, TLR3, is unusual because it has alanine instead of proline at this position and is the only human TLR that associates directly with the adaptor molecule TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) rather than MyD88.	Alanine	52-59	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	240-245
24198284-3	2013	In this article, we report that a mutant TLR3 that substitutes the BB-loop alanine for proline (A795P) enhances NF-kappaB activation but is incapable of mediating TRIF-dependent IFN response factor 3 responses.	Alanine	75-82	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	41-45
23486466-5	2013	Co-expression of protein disulfide isomerase A2 that regulates disulfide bond formation or introduction of double Cys-to-Ala substitutions at positions 304 and 1175 in D1080N IRBP promoted secretion of the mutated IRBP.	Alanine	121-124	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	175-179
22352743-4	2012	Among the different compounds tested, des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) and des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) with alanine substitutions or cyclization, but not with d-amino acid substitutions, showed the best survival effect, similar to des-acyl ghrelin.	Alanine	97-104	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	47-54
23510371-14	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that amino acids K54, R55, G56, and K59 within MBP1-64 are important for both Abeta binding and inhibition of fibril assembly as assessed by solid phase binding, thioflavin T binding and fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy studies.	Alanine	0-7	proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein	Homo sapiens	85-89
23527786-0	2013	Alanine-metabolizing enzyme Alt1 is critical in determining yeast life span, as revealed by combined metabolomic and genetic studies.	Alanine	0-7	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
23527786-3	2013	The involvement of the alanine-metabolizing pathway in the life span was tested using a deletion mutant of ALT1, the gene for a key alanine-metabolizing enzyme.	Alanine	23-30	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-111
23527786-3	2013	The involvement of the alanine-metabolizing pathway in the life span was tested using a deletion mutant of ALT1, the gene for a key alanine-metabolizing enzyme.	Alanine	132-139	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-111
23527786-4	2013	The mutant exhibited increased endogenous alanine level and much shorter life span, demonstrating the importance of ALT1 and alanine metabolic pathways in the life span.	Alanine	42-49	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
23934551-2	2013	Replacement of lysine by alanine in the catalytic subunit yields the inactive (K851A)JAK3 mutant that underlies severe combined immune deficiency.	Alanine	25-32	Janus kinase 3	Mus musculus	85-89
22352743-4	2012	Among the different compounds tested, des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) and des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) with alanine substitutions or cyclization, but not with d-amino acid substitutions, showed the best survival effect, similar to des-acyl ghrelin.	Alanine	97-104	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
22352743-4	2012	Among the different compounds tested, des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) and des-acyl ghrelin((6-13)) with alanine substitutions or cyclization, but not with d-amino acid substitutions, showed the best survival effect, similar to des-acyl ghrelin.	Alanine	97-104	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
22224710-2	2012	A systematic Ala scanning proved that Phe(3) is a key residue for neprilysin and aminopeptidase N (AP-N) ectoenkephalinase inhibition.	Alanine	13-16	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	81-97
22224710-2	2012	A systematic Ala scanning proved that Phe(3) is a key residue for neprilysin and aminopeptidase N (AP-N) ectoenkephalinase inhibition.	Alanine	13-16	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	99-103
23138973-1	2013	This study examined the biological properties of a novel GLP-1 peptide, (Val(8))GLP-1-Glu-PAL, engineered with an Ala(8) Val(8) substitution and additional incorporation of a C(16) fatty acid moiety at Lys(26) via a glutamic acid linker.	Alanine	114-117	glucagon	Mus musculus	57-62
22147709-4	2012	287, 3642-3658), we demonstrate, through alanine-scanning mutagenesis, a key role for extracellular loop (ECL) 2 of the receptor in propagating activation transition mediated by GLP-1 peptides that occurs in a peptide- and pathway-dependent manner for cAMP formation, intracellular (Ca(2+)(i)) mobilization, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (pERK1/2).	Alanine	41-48	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	178-183
23097092-7	2013	Using an alanine substitution strategy, we identified multiple Aurora-A phospho-acceptor sites in the C-terminal tail of NuMA.	Alanine	9-16	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	63-71
23390294-5	2013	Using IL-27 alanine mutants, we observed that the p28 polyglutamic acid domain confers HA- and bone-binding properties to IL-27 in vitro and bone tropism in vivo.	Alanine	12-19	interleukin 27	Homo sapiens	122-127
22224589-8	2012	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of this sequence revealed that the A3C1C2 subunit derived from FVIII variants Thr2012Ala and Phe2014Ala showed 1.5- and 1.8-fold increases in K(d) for FX, whereas this value using the A3C1C2 subunit from a Thr2012Ala/Leu2013Ala/Phe2014Ala triple mutant was increased &gt;4-fold.	Alanine	0-3	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	88-93
23307874-2	2013	A threonine to alanine (Thr83Ala) polymorphism (codon 83) in MGP is associated with myocardial infarction and femoral artery calcification.	Alanine	15-22	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	61-64
22837710-8	2012	Substitution of either L52 with Ala or F148 with Ser of ALG-2 caused loss of binding abilities to PLSCR3 lacking type 1 motif but retained those to PLSCR3 lacking type 2 motif, strongly supporting the hypothesis that Pocket 3 is the binding site for type 2 motif.	Alanine	32-35	phospholipid scramblase 3	Homo sapiens	98-104
23354097-3	2013	We created three IGFBP-1 mutants in which individual serine (S119/S169/S98) residues were substituted with alanine and S101A was recreated for comparison.	Alanine	107-114	insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	17-24
23442976-7	2013	The caspase-3 mediated cleavage of Par-4 is blocked by addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, caspase-3 specific inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, and by introduction of alanine substitution for D131 residue.	Alanine	169-176	pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator	Homo sapiens	35-40
22086974-3	2012	Previously, we reported a missense mutation in exon 12 at codon 600 of the MSH2 gene, causing a substitution of GTT (Val) for GCT (Ala) in a 35-year-old-man with rectal cancer, while the pathogenicity of this mutation is still unclear.	Alanine	131-134	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	75-79
23275552-2	2013	In this study, we replaced in live cells the endogenous Rpb1 by S2A Rpb1, where the second serines (Ser2) in the CTD heptapeptide repeats were switched to alanines, to prevent phosphorylation.	Alanine	155-163	RNA polymerase II subunit A	Homo sapiens	56-60
21553226-8	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of MnSOD polymorphism may have an effect on adverse features of PCa such as high stage disease.	Alanine	0-3	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
22789031-4	2013	The asn2 mutant leaves displayed a depleted asparagine and an accumulation of alanine, GABA, pyruvate and fumarate, indicating an alanine formation from pyruvate through the GABA shunt to consume excess ammonium in the absence of asparagine synthesis.	Alanine	78-85	asparagine synthetase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
22789031-4	2013	The asn2 mutant leaves displayed a depleted asparagine and an accumulation of alanine, GABA, pyruvate and fumarate, indicating an alanine formation from pyruvate through the GABA shunt to consume excess ammonium in the absence of asparagine synthesis.	Alanine	130-137	asparagine synthetase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
23023567-5	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: In studies performed in COS-M6 cells, mutation of a highly conserved C-terminal transmembrane domain glutamine to alanine (SR-BI-Q445A) decreased PM cholesterol interaction with the receptor by 71% without altering HDL binding or cholesterol uptake or efflux, and it yielded a receptor incapable of HDL-induced signaling.	Alanine	135-142	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	144-149
23484211-2	2013	Based on these estimations, a three-dimensional model of Lys-Glu and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide interactions with DNA sites (GCAG and ATTTC) located in the promoter zones of genes encoding CD5, IL-2, MMP2, and Tram1 signal molecules.	Alanine	69-72	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	197-201
22862424-4	2013	Overexpression of frataxin in human cancer A431 and HeLa cells lowered 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)-induced accumulation of protoporphyrin and induced resistance to ALA-induced photo-damage, whereas p53 silencing with siRNA in non tumor HEK293T cells down-regulated the expression of frataxin and increased the accumulation of protoporphyrin.	Alanine	93-96	frataxin	Homo sapiens	18-26
22862424-4	2013	Overexpression of frataxin in human cancer A431 and HeLa cells lowered 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)-induced accumulation of protoporphyrin and induced resistance to ALA-induced photo-damage, whereas p53 silencing with siRNA in non tumor HEK293T cells down-regulated the expression of frataxin and increased the accumulation of protoporphyrin.	Alanine	163-166	frataxin	Homo sapiens	18-26
22862424-5	2013	Thus, the decrease of the expression of frataxin unregulated by p53 in tumor cells enhances ALA-induced photo-damage, by down-regulation of mitochondrial functions.	Alanine	92-95	frataxin	Homo sapiens	40-48
23451088-1	2013	SNAT4 is a member of system N/A amino acid transport family that primarily expresses in liver and muscles and mediates the transport of L-alanine.	Alanine	136-145	solute carrier family 38 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23349821-4	2013	Alanine substitution of the aromatic residues W9, Y12, F16, Y20, Y32, and W53 within the hydrophobic cores, and charged residues E8, R28, R29, and E67 in the salt bridges considerably decrease the ability of crammer to inhibit Drosophila cathepsin B (CTSB).	Alanine	0-7	Cathepsin B1	Drosophila melanogaster	238-249
23349821-4	2013	Alanine substitution of the aromatic residues W9, Y12, F16, Y20, Y32, and W53 within the hydrophobic cores, and charged residues E8, R28, R29, and E67 in the salt bridges considerably decrease the ability of crammer to inhibit Drosophila cathepsin B (CTSB).	Alanine	0-7	Cathepsin B1	Drosophila melanogaster	251-255
23148217-4	2012	Transgenic (TG) mice were generated with cardiac specific expression of alpha-Tm with serine 283, the phosphorylation site of Tm, mutated to alanine.	Alanine	141-148	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	72-80
24163826-3	2012	A double mutation of two proline residues to alanine residues in the alphaIIb cytoplasmic domain, previously shown to disturb its conformation, inhibits chimeric alphaV/alphaIIbbeta3-CIB interaction.	Alanine	45-52	calcium and integrin binding 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
22882326-8	2012	Interestingly, we also identified association of FOXE1 polyalanine tract expansions (&gt;14 alanines) with thyroid cancer risk, in both familial (OR = 2 56, 95% CI = 1 64-4 01, P &lt; 0 0001) and sporadic (OR = 2 44, 95% CI = 1 61-3 68, P &lt; 0 0001) cases.	Alanine	92-100	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	49-54
22992674-6	2012	In the present study, we find that mutation of NFAT5-T298 to alanine or aspartic acid not only reduces binding of NFAT5 to OREs (EMSA) but also proportionately reduces high NaCl-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT5.	Alanine	61-68	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	47-52
22992674-6	2012	In the present study, we find that mutation of NFAT5-T298 to alanine or aspartic acid not only reduces binding of NFAT5 to OREs (EMSA) but also proportionately reduces high NaCl-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT5.	Alanine	61-68	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	114-119
22992674-6	2012	In the present study, we find that mutation of NFAT5-T298 to alanine or aspartic acid not only reduces binding of NFAT5 to OREs (EMSA) but also proportionately reduces high NaCl-induced nuclear translocation of NFAT5.	Alanine	61-68	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	114-119
23044417-7	2012	Replacing both ER luminal tyrosines with alanines resulted in a destabilization of the Sec61 protein that was rescued by over expression of Sss1p.	Alanine	41-49	translocon subunit SEC61	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-92
23044417-7	2012	Replacing both ER luminal tyrosines with alanines resulted in a destabilization of the Sec61 protein that was rescued by over expression of Sss1p.	Alanine	41-49	translocon subunit SSS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	140-145
22526243-6	2012	APN inhibition test revealed that the alanine-based derivative 9a inhibits the APN with IC(50) of 34 +- 11 muM.	Alanine	38-45	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	0-3
22526243-6	2012	APN inhibition test revealed that the alanine-based derivative 9a inhibits the APN with IC(50) of 34 +- 11 muM.	Alanine	38-45	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	79-82
23077041-2	2012	To directly determine the functional significance of this feedback mechanism for olfaction in vivo, we genetically mutated serine(1076) of ACIII, the only residue responsible for Ca(2+)-induced phosphorylation and inhibition of ACIII (Wei et al., 1996, 1998), to alanine in mice.	Alanine	263-270	adenylate cyclase 3	Mus musculus	139-144
22934887-5	2012	Interestingly, mass spectrometry identified a cathepsin D protein single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by alanine to valine replacement from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.	Alanine	106-113	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	46-57
22761387-3	2012	In this study, charged to alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to generate conditional-lethal mutations in hitherto-uncharacterized domains of the 2C(ATPase) polypeptide, particularly those involved in morphogenesis.	Alanine	26-33	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	148-158
22613191-2	2012	Low doses of DOX and VCR increased anti-cancer effect of ALA-PDT in LBR-cells.	Alanine	57-60	lamin B receptor	Mus musculus	68-71
22613191-4	2012	Resistant cell lines LBR-D160 and LBR-V160 were sensitive to ALA-PDT; however, no changes occured when combining therapies.	Alanine	61-64	lamin B receptor	Mus musculus	21-24
22613191-4	2012	Resistant cell lines LBR-D160 and LBR-V160 were sensitive to ALA-PDT; however, no changes occured when combining therapies.	Alanine	61-64	lamin B receptor	Mus musculus	34-37
22786881-2	2012	The X-ray structure of the ZPI-PZ complex has shown that PZ binds to a unique site on ZPI centered on helix G. In the present study, we show by Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the ZPI-binding interface, together with native PAGE and kinetic analyses of PZ binding to ZPI, that Tyr240 and Asp293 of ZPI are crucial hot spots for PZ binding.	Alanine	144-147	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	27-30
22786881-2	2012	The X-ray structure of the ZPI-PZ complex has shown that PZ binds to a unique site on ZPI centered on helix G. In the present study, we show by Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the ZPI-binding interface, together with native PAGE and kinetic analyses of PZ binding to ZPI, that Tyr240 and Asp293 of ZPI are crucial hot spots for PZ binding.	Alanine	144-147	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	86-89
22786881-2	2012	The X-ray structure of the ZPI-PZ complex has shown that PZ binds to a unique site on ZPI centered on helix G. In the present study, we show by Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the ZPI-binding interface, together with native PAGE and kinetic analyses of PZ binding to ZPI, that Tyr240 and Asp293 of ZPI are crucial hot spots for PZ binding.	Alanine	144-147	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	86-89
22786881-2	2012	The X-ray structure of the ZPI-PZ complex has shown that PZ binds to a unique site on ZPI centered on helix G. In the present study, we show by Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the ZPI-binding interface, together with native PAGE and kinetic analyses of PZ binding to ZPI, that Tyr240 and Asp293 of ZPI are crucial hot spots for PZ binding.	Alanine	144-147	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	86-89
22786881-2	2012	The X-ray structure of the ZPI-PZ complex has shown that PZ binds to a unique site on ZPI centered on helix G. In the present study, we show by Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the ZPI-binding interface, together with native PAGE and kinetic analyses of PZ binding to ZPI, that Tyr240 and Asp293 of ZPI are crucial hot spots for PZ binding.	Alanine	144-147	serpin family A member 10	Homo sapiens	86-89
22736769-8	2012	Receptor-mediated (125)I-CXCL12 uptake and release of (125)I-CXCL12 degradation products were accelerated with receptors bearing the CXCR7 C terminus and impaired after conversion of CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine residues into alanines.	Alanine	231-239	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	25-31
22736769-8	2012	Receptor-mediated (125)I-CXCL12 uptake and release of (125)I-CXCL12 degradation products were accelerated with receptors bearing the CXCR7 C terminus and impaired after conversion of CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine residues into alanines.	Alanine	231-239	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	61-67
22814108-5	2012	Experiments were performed in mutant mice in which Akt/SGK-dependent GSK3alpha,beta inhibition was disrupted by replacement of the serine residue in the respective SGK/Akt-phosphorylation consensus sequence by alanine (gsk3(KI)).	Alanine	210-217	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	69-78
22432908-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To check whether individual or combined mutated genotypes for Ala-9Val (Mn-SOD) and Arg213Gly (EC-SOD) are associated with preeclampsia; to check the influence of the mutated genotypes on the degree of severity and perinatal outcome of preeclampsia.	Alanine	73-76	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	83-89
22481018-8	2012	A single GTC (Val) to GCC (Ala) mutation at codon 296 in canine uricase is regarded as deleterious structural mutation, but such kinds of deleterious mutations have been widely accumulated in extant mammalian uricases.	Alanine	27-30	urate oxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	64-71
22122547-5	2012	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We modified the Bv8 molecule by substituting Trp in position 24 with Ala (A-24) and compared it with Bv8 for binding and activating PK(1) and PK(2) receptors in cell preparations and in affecting nociceptive thresholds in rodents.	Alanine	92-95	prokineticin 2	Mus musculus	39-42
22493437-7	2012	rpt3, rpt4, and rpt5 Tyr/Ala mutants, which cluster on one side of the ATPase hexamer, were substantially impaired in their capacity to degrade substrates.	Alanine	25-28	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPT3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
24238610-5	2013	The 112th amino acid residue Ala of LeFRO1 is critical for maintaining the high activity of ferric-chelate reductase, because modification of this amino acid resulted in a significant reduction of enzyme activity.	Alanine	29-32	ferric-chelate reductase	Solanum lycopersicum	36-42
23904295-5	2013	Alanine substitution of lysine residues K805/K806 in 804QKKHQIHK811 (motif 1 of Int1) markedly attenuated biofilm formation in central venous catheters in rats, whereas alanine substitution of K1595/R1596 in 1593FKKRFFKL1600 (motif 4 of Int1) did not impair biofilm formation.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
23904295-5	2013	Alanine substitution of lysine residues K805/K806 in 804QKKHQIHK811 (motif 1 of Int1) markedly attenuated biofilm formation in central venous catheters in rats, whereas alanine substitution of K1595/R1596 in 1593FKKRFFKL1600 (motif 4 of Int1) did not impair biofilm formation.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	237-241
23904295-5	2013	Alanine substitution of lysine residues K805/K806 in 804QKKHQIHK811 (motif 1 of Int1) markedly attenuated biofilm formation in central venous catheters in rats, whereas alanine substitution of K1595/R1596 in 1593FKKRFFKL1600 (motif 4 of Int1) did not impair biofilm formation.	Alanine	169-176	Wnt family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
24223149-4	2013	We made the first gene knock-in (gki) mouse with a serine to alanine point mutation at the DPP9 active site (S729A).	Alanine	61-68	dipeptidylpeptidase 9	Mus musculus	91-95
24223149-12	2013	These data confirmed the absence of DPP9 enzymatic activity due to the presence of the serine to alanine mutation and no compensation from related proteases.	Alanine	97-104	dipeptidylpeptidase 9	Mus musculus	36-40
24393874-6	2013	We used a 70% deacetylated chitosan solution (DAC-70 Sol), developed in-house, as an antibacterial agent and prepared ALA/DAC-70 Sol, used as a novel photoimaging agent.	Alanine	118-121	arylacetamide deacetylase	Homo sapiens	122-125
23995642-6	2013	The putative biosynthetic alanine racemase Alr showed broad substrate specificity, exhibiting measurable racemase activity with 9 of the 19 chiral amino acids.	Alanine	26-33	alanine racemase	Pseudomonas putida KT2440	43-46
23974721-5	2013	In the current study, we indicated that DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 3, X-linked (DDX3X) is an immunogenic protein preferentially expressed in CD133(+) tumor cells.	Alanine	56-59	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	98-103
23803169-5	2013	These residues were replaced with alanine by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent kinetic analysis of bmGSTE mutants indicated that His53, Val55, and Ser68 were important for enzyme function.	Alanine	34-41	glutathione S-transferase epsilon 4	Bombyx mori	106-112
23123399-8	2013	Among them, manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphisms show a relatively consistent association with TD susceptibility, although not all studies support this.	Alanine	48-51	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	12-42
24058709-7	2013	Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with LLO(W492A), which lacks hemolytic activity due to a tryptophan to alanine substitution in the undecapeptide motif, indicates the importance of functional LLO for NSD1 regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.	Alanine	109-116	nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
22808515-3	2012	The expression of differentiation factors CXCL12, Hoxa3, and WEGC1 was tissue-specifically stimulated by short peptides: pancragen (Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp) in pancreatic cells, bronchogen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) in bronchial epithelial cells, and vesugen (Lys-Glu-Asp) in fibroblasts.	Alanine	182-185	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	42-48
22568990-4	2012	We also identified myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), heat shock proteins and actin as L-PGDS-binding proteins, demonstrating that MARCKS/Akt/Rho/Jnk pathways are involved in the L-PGDS actions in glia.	Alanine	33-40	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	152-158
21553226-8	2012	Ala/Ala genotype of MnSOD polymorphism may have an effect on adverse features of PCa such as high stage disease.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
22291440-7	2012	Substitution with alanine of the K(143), T(144), and T(147) residues located in the first transmembrane domain of VPAC1 induced a loss of receptor affinity (IC(50)=1035, 874, and 2070 nM, respectively), and pharmacological studies using VIP2-28 indicated that these three residues play an important role in VPAC1 interaction with the first histidine residue of VIP.	Alanine	18-25	diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	237-241
22071314-6	2012	In addition, mutation of residue K342 to alanine in the CCP1 domain abolished binding to both C4 and C4b in its CCP1-CCP2 form, suggesting a key electrostatic role for this amino acid.	Alanine	41-48	complement C4B (Chido blood group)	Homo sapiens	101-104
22426212-5	2012	PKCepsilon phosphorylated NaV1.8 at S1452, and alanine substitution at this site blocked PKCepsilon modulation of channel properties.	Alanine	47-54	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	89-99
23782844-9	2013	The cytoplasmic relocation of HMGB1 through PP2A inhibition was markedly suppressed by replacement of the Ser residues within the NLS with Ala.	Alanine	139-142	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	30-35
23782844-9	2013	The cytoplasmic relocation of HMGB1 through PP2A inhibition was markedly suppressed by replacement of the Ser residues within the NLS with Ala.	Alanine	139-142	protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform	Mus musculus	44-48
22100461-5	2012	The Ste2p in which all S/T residues in the C-terminus were mutated to alanine was more sensitive to alpha-factor, suggesting that phosphorylation in the C-terminus exerts negative regulatory activities on the Ste2p signaling.	Alanine	70-77	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
23977204-4	2013	Experimental mutation of this residue into alanine (E549A) led to a complete impairment of MALT1 proteolytic activity.	Alanine	43-50	MALT1 paracaspase	Homo sapiens	91-96
22357615-6	2012	Rnd1 and Rnd3, but not Rnd2, have a KERRA (Lys-Glu-Arg-Arg-Ala) sequence of amino acids in their N-terminus, which functions as the lipid raft-targeting determinant.	Alanine	59-62	Rho family GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22449969-4	2012	In this study, the contribution of amino acid residues within this domain to DNA binding by DmSNAPc was investigated by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	120-127	PSEA-binding protein 45kD	Drosophila melanogaster	92-99
22100461-5	2012	The Ste2p in which all S/T residues in the C-terminus were mutated to alanine was more sensitive to alpha-factor, suggesting that phosphorylation in the C-terminus exerts negative regulatory activities on the Ste2p signaling.	Alanine	70-77	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	209-214
22768106-7	2012	Null mutation of S326 to alanine led to loss of ability to activate an HSF1-regulated promoter-reporter construct, indicating a direct role for mTOR and S326 in transcriptional regulation of HSP genes during stress.	Alanine	25-32	heat shock transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
22150111-4	2012	Since apoD has three conserved methionine residues (Met(49), Met(93) and Met(157)), we generated recombinant proteins with either one or all methionine residues replaced by alanine and assessed their capacity to reduce HpETEs (hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids) to their HETE (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) derivatives.	Alanine	173-180	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	6-10
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	114-117	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	114-117	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	118-121	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
22655051-0	2012	Identification of Sare0718 as an alanine-activating adenylation domain in marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola CNS-205.	Alanine	33-40	amino acid adenylation domain-containing protein	Salinispora arenicola CNS-205	18-26
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	118-121	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	118-121	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	118-121	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
23967348-6	2013	Both the significant adjusted OR of 4.30 (95% CI, 1.23-15.03) and 4.53 (95% CI, 1.52-13.51) were observed in SOD2 Ala/Ala and Val/Ala compared to Val/Val and in SOD2 Ala/Ala compared to Val/Ala compared to Val/Val genetic analysis in the high chemical sensitivity case-control study.	Alanine	118-121	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
22420404-4	2012	RESULTS: In this study we show that disruption of the gerAA gene in B. licheniformis MW3 hamper L-alanine and casein hydrolysate-triggered spore germination, measured by absorbance at 600 nm and confirmed by phase contrast microscopy.	Alanine	96-105	component of the GerA germination receptor	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	54-59
22200652-1	2012	Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which catalyzes the reversible conversion between L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-alanine (L-Ala), is one of the most active aminotransferases in the clinical diagnosis of liver diseases.	Alanine	110-119	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
22655051-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: By revealing the biochemical role of sare0718 gene, we identified an alanine-activating adenylation domain in marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola CNS-205, which would provide useful information for next isolation and function elucidation of the whole cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-related gene cluster covering Sare0718.	Alanine	95-102	amino acid adenylation domain-containing protein	Salinispora arenicola CNS-205	63-71
22200652-1	2012	Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which catalyzes the reversible conversion between L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and L-alanine (L-Ala), is one of the most active aminotransferases in the clinical diagnosis of liver diseases.	Alanine	121-126	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
22655051-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: By revealing the biochemical role of sare0718 gene, we identified an alanine-activating adenylation domain in marine actinomycete Salinispora arenicola CNS-205, which would provide useful information for next isolation and function elucidation of the whole cryptic nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-related gene cluster covering Sare0718.	Alanine	95-102	amino acid adenylation domain-containing protein	Salinispora arenicola CNS-205	360-368
22590601-4	2012	Mutation of Ser-489 in GC-B to alanine but not glutamate reduced the activity ratio to 60% of wild type (WT) levels.	Alanine	31-38	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
22191507-5	2012	Alanine substitution of 11 charged hTF residues identified by available structures and modeling studies allowed evaluation of the role of each in (1) binding of hTF to the TFR and (2) TFR-mediated iron release.	Alanine	0-7	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	172-175
22191507-5	2012	Alanine substitution of 11 charged hTF residues identified by available structures and modeling studies allowed evaluation of the role of each in (1) binding of hTF to the TFR and (2) TFR-mediated iron release.	Alanine	0-7	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	184-187
23623971-6	2013	Mutation of serine residue in the CPD of Nrf1 to alanine (S350A), blocks Nrf1 from phosphorylation by GSK3, and stabilizes Nrf1.	Alanine	49-56	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
23623971-6	2013	Mutation of serine residue in the CPD of Nrf1 to alanine (S350A), blocks Nrf1 from phosphorylation by GSK3, and stabilizes Nrf1.	Alanine	49-56	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
23623971-6	2013	Mutation of serine residue in the CPD of Nrf1 to alanine (S350A), blocks Nrf1 from phosphorylation by GSK3, and stabilizes Nrf1.	Alanine	49-56	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
22253889-7	2012	The results provide more precise information on the sequence-function relationships of hAT1R ligands than can be obtained by conventional alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
23692269-2	2013	Mutating two residues in the FERN domain to alanines, W8A and F11A, disrupts KChIP binding and regulation of Kv4.2 without eliminating the FERN domain"s control of basal expression level or regulation by DPP6.	Alanine	44-52	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Homo sapiens	109-114
23689508-4	2013	Livers of SCOT-knock-out (SCOT-KO) neonates induce the expression of the genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1a (PGC-1alpha), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate carboxylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, and the neonate"s pools of gluconeogenic alanine and lactate are each diminished by 50%.	Alanine	300-307	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	10-14
23689508-4	2013	Livers of SCOT-knock-out (SCOT-KO) neonates induce the expression of the genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1a (PGC-1alpha), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate carboxylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, and the neonate"s pools of gluconeogenic alanine and lactate are each diminished by 50%.	Alanine	300-307	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	26-30
21885653-2	2011	Here, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the A57G (alanine to glycine) mutation in the cardiac ELC known to cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC).	Alanine	61-68	myosin, light polypeptide 4	Mus musculus	105-108
23689508-4	2013	Livers of SCOT-knock-out (SCOT-KO) neonates induce the expression of the genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1a (PGC-1alpha), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate carboxylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, and the neonate"s pools of gluconeogenic alanine and lactate are each diminished by 50%.	Alanine	300-307	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	154-164
23639234-4	2013	Furthermore, single alanine substitutions in the G(10)K(11)P(12)V(13)G(14) motif of hACTH(1-24) had negative affects on activation of both A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R that were not observed for human MC2R.	Alanine	20-27	adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor	Anolis carolinensis	155-159
23639234-4	2013	Furthermore, single alanine substitutions in the G(10)K(11)P(12)V(13)G(14) motif of hACTH(1-24) had negative affects on activation of both A. carolinensis MC2R and X. tropicalis MC2R that were not observed for human MC2R.	Alanine	20-27	melanocortin 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	178-182
21976483-2	2011	Because the STN7 protein kinase of Arabidopsis is known to be phosphorylated at four serine-threonine residues, we have changed these residues by site-directed mutagenesis to alanine (STN7-4A) or aspartic acid (STN7-4D) to assess the role of these phosphorylation events.	Alanine	175-182	Serine/Threonine kinase domain protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-16
23609608-5	2013	AtCPK5 was a substrate for plant N-myristoyltransferase and myristoylation was prevented by converting the glycine at the proposed site of myristate attachment to alanine (G2A).	Alanine	163-170	calmodulin-domain protein kinase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
21976483-2	2011	Because the STN7 protein kinase of Arabidopsis is known to be phosphorylated at four serine-threonine residues, we have changed these residues by site-directed mutagenesis to alanine (STN7-4A) or aspartic acid (STN7-4D) to assess the role of these phosphorylation events.	Alanine	175-182	Serine/Threonine kinase domain protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	184-188
21976483-2	2011	Because the STN7 protein kinase of Arabidopsis is known to be phosphorylated at four serine-threonine residues, we have changed these residues by site-directed mutagenesis to alanine (STN7-4A) or aspartic acid (STN7-4D) to assess the role of these phosphorylation events.	Alanine	175-182	Serine/Threonine kinase domain protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	184-188
22035583-6	2011	Alanine substitution of two amino acids, aspartic acid 127 and histidine 196 within the 5"-nucleotidase signature sequence, leads to reduced AMP or ADP hydrolysis but does not affect the binding of these substrates.	Alanine	0-7	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	88-103
23714211-11	2013	We used site-directed mutagenesis to express hypo- or non-glycosylated variants of ICAM-2, by substituting alanine for asparagine at glycosylation sites, and compared the impact of each variant on NB cell motility, anchorage-independent growth, interaction with intracellular proteins, effect on F-actin distribution and metastatic potential in vivo.	Alanine	107-114	intercellular adhesion molecule 2	Mus musculus	83-89
23407708-4	2013	Serine to alanine substitutions at 3 of 6 putative cGKI phosphorylation sites (Ser691, Ser873, and Ser1112) in the BKCa alpha subunit individually reduced direct channel phosphorylation by 25-60% and blocked BKCa activation by either an NO donor or a membrane-permeable cGMP by 80-100%.	Alanine	10-17	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	115-119
21865164-9	2011	Mutagenesis of the conserved prolines to alanines enhanced importin-alpha binding to PKCdelta and induced its nuclear import in resting cells.	Alanine	41-49	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	85-93
21621561-0	2011	The N-terminal alanine-extended GLP-1/IgG-Fc fusion protein confers resistance to DPP-IV and reduces serum glucose level in db/db mice.	Alanine	15-22	glucagon	Mus musculus	32-37
23619718-10	2013	Three MUC19 SNPs were nominally significantly associated with CD (rs11564245, Asp His: P = 0.02; rs4768261, Ser Phe: P = 0.0008; and rs2933353, Glu Ala: P = 0.01).	Alanine	148-151	mucin 19, oligomeric	Homo sapiens	6-11
23478265-9	2013	Mutation of S102 to alanine disrupted the interaction between DDX3 and IRF3 but not that between DDX3 and IKKepsilon.	Alanine	20-27	DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Homo sapiens	62-66
21621561-4	2011	Here, we show that the Ala or Gly-extended GLP-1/IgG-Fc fusion protein is resistant to DPP-IV and has increased half-life in vivo.	Alanine	23-26	glucagon	Mus musculus	43-48
23478265-9	2013	Mutation of S102 to alanine disrupted the interaction between DDX3 and IRF3 but not that between DDX3 and IKKepsilon.	Alanine	20-27	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	71-75
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
21664951-10	2011	administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylations of VEGF-R1 and R2 receptors in the rat cerebrum, whereas expression levels of total VEGF-R1 and R2 proteins were not largely changed.	Alanine	18-21	Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-92
22940544-5	2013	Compared to controls, myofilaments controlled by cTnI with pseudo-phosphorylation (S6D) or Ala substitution (S6A) demonstrated a significant depression in maximum tension, ATPase rate, and ktr, but no change in half-maximally activating Ca(2+).	Alanine	91-94	dynein, axonemal, heavy chain 8	Mus musculus	172-178
21664951-10	2011	administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylations of VEGF-R1 and R2 receptors in the rat cerebrum, whereas expression levels of total VEGF-R1 and R2 proteins were not largely changed.	Alanine	18-21	Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-85
21664951-11	2011	Immunoreactivity of tyrosine-phosphorylated VEGF-R1 was selectively shown in GFAP-positive astrocytes in the cerebrum of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1-infused rats.	Alanine	121-124	Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
21951868-5	2011	TCS results from mutations in the TCOF1 gene located on chromosome 5, which encodes a serine/alanine-rich nucleolar phospho-protein called Treacle.	Alanine	93-100	treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
23430259-4	2013	The Ala mutation of the C-terminal membrane-proximal basic residues (MPBRs) (R310/311A) abolished the O-glycosylation and cell surface expression of GPR15.	Alanine	4-7	G protein-coupled receptor 15	Homo sapiens	149-154
23200789-7	2013	Finally, these modeling results were verified by experimental study with mutation from phenylalanine to alanine (F156A, F364A and F156A/F364A) at the TM2 and TM4.	Alanine	93-100	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	150-153
21951868-5	2011	TCS results from mutations in the TCOF1 gene located on chromosome 5, which encodes a serine/alanine-rich nucleolar phospho-protein called Treacle.	Alanine	93-100	treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1	Homo sapiens	139-146
21538481-9	2011	The N-terminal sequences of the 14-kDa fragment were identified as Leu-Arg-Ala-Pro-Ser-Trp-Phe, indicating that this fragment is generated by cleavage at Phe54-Leu55 of alphaB-crystallin.	Alanine	75-78	crystallin, alpha B	Rattus norvegicus	169-186
23315858-4	2013	We observed an association between MnSOD Ala/Ala frequency and a higher PCa risk.	Alanine	41-44	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
23315858-4	2013	We observed an association between MnSOD Ala/Ala frequency and a higher PCa risk.	Alanine	45-48	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
23315858-7	2013	The results of our study suggest that MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may influence on early-onset of PCa patients, but no effect on subsequent development of the disease in Turkish men.	Alanine	44-47	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
23315858-7	2013	The results of our study suggest that MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may influence on early-onset of PCa patients, but no effect on subsequent development of the disease in Turkish men.	Alanine	48-51	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	36-39	NADH kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	232-236
23447623-6	2013	Alanine mutations within the GluN3A endocytic motif inhibited clathrin-dependent internalization and led to accumulation of GluN3A-containing NMDARs at the cell surface, whereas mimicking phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue promoted internalization and reduced cell-surface expression as shown by immunocytochemical and electrophysiological approaches in recombinant systems and rat neurons in primary culture.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
23447623-6	2013	Alanine mutations within the GluN3A endocytic motif inhibited clathrin-dependent internalization and led to accumulation of GluN3A-containing NMDARs at the cell surface, whereas mimicking phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue promoted internalization and reduced cell-surface expression as shown by immunocytochemical and electrophysiological approaches in recombinant systems and rat neurons in primary culture.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	209-212	NADH kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	232-236
21721517-9	2011	Furthermore, replacing the S1317 phosphorylation site reduced the basal ATPase activity of ABCA4, whereas an alanine mutation in either the S1185 or T1313 phosphorylation site resulted in a significant decrease in the all-trans-retinal-stimulated ATPase activity without affecting the basal activity, protein expression, or localization.	Alanine	109-116	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	247-253
23440673-7	2013	Conserved D/E residues identified from vertebrate species multiple sequence alignments were mutated to Ala in human RXFP3 to test the effect of loss of amino acid side chain on receptor binding using a Eu-labeled relaxin-3 agonist.	Alanine	103-106	relaxin family peptide receptor 3	Homo sapiens	116-121
21600186-3	2011	To examine the contribution of each active site to the enzymatic activity of ALAS/ALAS, the catalytic lysine, which also covalently binds the PLP cofactor, was substituted with alanine in one of the active sites.	Alanine	177-184	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	142-145
21138480-10	2011	CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate significant involvement of caspase-8 and -9 and their upstream NF-kappaB-JNK pathways in ALA-PDT-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	127-130	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	65-81
21513698-6	2011	The alanine mutant for the three phosphorylation sites (3SA) of GEF-H1 strongly induces stabilization and acetylation of microtubules, which was resistant to Par1b.	Alanine	4-11	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2	Homo sapiens	158-163
23303248-1	2013	The minimal zinc hook peptide of Rad50 and its alanine mutants form highly stable Zn(II) complexes.	Alanine	47-54	RAD50 double strand break repair protein	Homo sapiens	33-38
21142608-4	2011	S100A8, but not Cys(41)-Ala S100A8, in which the single reactive Cys residue was replaced by Ala, reduced mast cell (MC) degranulation and production of particular cytokines (IL-6, IL-4, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in response to IgE-crosslinking in vitro, likely by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species production, thereby reducing downstream linker for activation of T cells and extracellular signal regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.	Alanine	93-96	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	0-6
23305409-5	2013	Analysis of a series of single-residue alanine mutants of EmBP-1 revealed that this effect is mediated by arginine 10.	Alanine	39-46	embigin pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	58-64
21297011-2	2011	In this study, we characterized the tooth and jaw phenotypes in transgenic mice containing no wild-type DMP1, but expressing a mutant DMP1 in which Asp(213), a residue at one cleavage site, was replaced by Ala(213) (named "Dmp1-KO/D213A-Tg" mice).	Alanine	206-209	dentin matrix protein 1	Mus musculus	134-138
23259747-3	2013	Systematic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study revealed that sialylation of the MUC1 tandem repeating glycopeptide, Pro-Pro-Ala-His-Gly-Val-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala with core 2-type O-glycans at five potential glycosylation sites, afforded a specific conformational change at one of the most important cancer-relevant epitopes (Pro-Asp-Thr-Arg).	Alanine	127-130	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	83-87
23259747-3	2013	Systematic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study revealed that sialylation of the MUC1 tandem repeating glycopeptide, Pro-Pro-Ala-His-Gly-Val-Thr-Ser-Ala-Pro-Asp-Thr-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro-Gly-Ser-Thr-Ala with core 2-type O-glycans at five potential glycosylation sites, afforded a specific conformational change at one of the most important cancer-relevant epitopes (Pro-Asp-Thr-Arg).	Alanine	151-154	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	83-87
21556136-11	2011	Accelerated nuclear accumulation of p65 was observed in the alanine mutant, while the aspartic acid mutation displayed slowed nuclear translocation kinetics.	Alanine	60-67	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	36-39
23160480-1	2013	The first genetic defect in human signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5b was identified in an individual with profound short stature and GH insensitivity, immune dysfunction, and severe pulmonary disease, and was caused by an alanine to proline substitution (A630P) within the Src homology-2 (SH2) domain.	Alanine	245-252	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B	Homo sapiens	34-91
23086950-1	2012	We have combined alanine mutagenesis and functional assays to identify amino acid residues in the channel domain that are critical for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) channel function.	Alanine	17-24	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	174-180
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	ankyrin repeat domain 27	Homo sapiens	77-81
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	ankyrin repeat domain 27	Homo sapiens	134-138
23035638-6	2012	To assess extended sub-site interactions, we introduced Ala mutations into human cationic trypsinogen at the P3, P1" P3" and P4" amino acid positions, where P1-P1" corresponds to Leu81-Glu82.	Alanine	56-59	serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	81-101
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB38, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	290-295
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	ankyrin repeat domain 27	Homo sapiens	134-138
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB38, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	369-374
23049841-3	2012	It has been previously shown that Alt1 encodes an alanine aminotransferase, involved in alanine metabolism; however the physiological role of Alt2 is not known.	Alanine	50-57	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-38
23079991-8	2012	Polymorphism of BMP4 c455T&gt;C resulted in amino acid changes of Val/Ala (pV152A).	Alanine	70-73	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
21619840-7	2011	SOD2 vitality in Ala(16) and Val(16) SOD2 transfected cells increased 2.51 and 2.71 times respectively (P &lt; 0.01), but the difference between the two transfection groups was not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05).	Alanine	17-20	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
23049841-6	2012	ALT1 and ALT2 expression is modulated by Nrg1 and by the intracellular alanine pool.	Alanine	71-78	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
23049841-6	2012	ALT1 and ALT2 expression is modulated by Nrg1 and by the intracellular alanine pool.	Alanine	71-78	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-13
23049841-7	2012	ALT1 is alanine-induced showing a regulatory profile of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in amino acid catabolism, in agreement with the fact that Alt1 is the sole pathway for alanine catabolism present in S. cerevisiae.	Alanine	8-15	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
23049841-7	2012	ALT1 is alanine-induced showing a regulatory profile of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in amino acid catabolism, in agreement with the fact that Alt1 is the sole pathway for alanine catabolism present in S. cerevisiae.	Alanine	8-15	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-153
23049841-7	2012	ALT1 is alanine-induced showing a regulatory profile of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in amino acid catabolism, in agreement with the fact that Alt1 is the sole pathway for alanine catabolism present in S. cerevisiae.	Alanine	178-185	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
23049841-7	2012	ALT1 is alanine-induced showing a regulatory profile of a gene encoding an enzyme involved in amino acid catabolism, in agreement with the fact that Alt1 is the sole pathway for alanine catabolism present in S. cerevisiae.	Alanine	178-185	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-153
23049841-8	2012	Conversely, ALT2 expression is alanine-repressed, indicating a role in alanine biosynthesis, although the encoded-protein has no alanine aminotransferase enzymatic activity.	Alanine	31-38	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-16
23049841-8	2012	Conversely, ALT2 expression is alanine-repressed, indicating a role in alanine biosynthesis, although the encoded-protein has no alanine aminotransferase enzymatic activity.	Alanine	71-78	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-16
23049841-13	2012	These genes display opposed regulatory profiles: ALT1 is alanine-induced, while ALT2 is alanine repressed.	Alanine	57-64	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
23049841-13	2012	These genes display opposed regulatory profiles: ALT1 is alanine-induced, while ALT2 is alanine repressed.	Alanine	57-64	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-84
22847929-7	2012	RESULTS: We detected a total of five variants in the ZIC2 gene: a common histidine tract expansion c.716_718dup (p.His239dup), a rare c.1377_1391del_homozygous (p.Ala466_470del, or Ala 15 to 10 contraction), a novel intronic c.1239+18G&gt;A variant, a novel frameshift c.1215dupC (p.Ser406Glnfs*11), and a c.1401_1406dup (p.Ala469_470dup, or alanine tract expansion to 17 residues).	Alanine	163-166	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	53-57
22847929-7	2012	RESULTS: We detected a total of five variants in the ZIC2 gene: a common histidine tract expansion c.716_718dup (p.His239dup), a rare c.1377_1391del_homozygous (p.Ala466_470del, or Ala 15 to 10 contraction), a novel intronic c.1239+18G&gt;A variant, a novel frameshift c.1215dupC (p.Ser406Glnfs*11), and a c.1401_1406dup (p.Ala469_470dup, or alanine tract expansion to 17 residues).	Alanine	342-349	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	53-57
23049841-13	2012	These genes display opposed regulatory profiles: ALT1 is alanine-induced, while ALT2 is alanine repressed.	Alanine	88-95	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-84
21168409-2	2011	Ala-scanning mutation at 13 different positions (Trp6, Trp19, Thr27, Leu86, Leu95, Leu97, Met101, Gln117, Leu121, Thr134, Tyr143, Val144, and Val167) led to loss of function and/or stability.	Alanine	0-3	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	49-53
23049841-15	2012	Presented results indicate that alanine could act as ALT2 Nrg1-co-repressor.	Alanine	32-39	alanine transaminase ALT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
22177572-1	2011	BACKGROUND: FOXE1 is one of the candidate genes for genetic predisposition to premature ovarian failure (POF) and it contains an alanine tract.	Alanine	129-136	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	12-17
22177572-2	2011	Our purpose is to assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of FOXE1 on genetic susceptibility to POF.	Alanine	56-63	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	73-78
22177572-5	2011	RESULTS: Three variants of FOXE1-polyalanine length, containing 12, 14, or 16 alanine residues, and 5 different genotypes were identified.	Alanine	37-44	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	27-32
22177572-8	2011	The FOXE1 14 alanine allele was significantly less common in the POF patient group (186/220) than the controls (216/220) (X2 = 25.923, P = 0.0001).	Alanine	13-20	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-9
22177572-9	2011	The FOXE1 16 alanine allele was significantly more common in the POF patient group (28/220) than the controls (4/220) (X2 = 19.412, P = 0.0001).	Alanine	13-20	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-9
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	95-98	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	30-34
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	95-98	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	62-66
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	158-161	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	30-34
22898766-6	2012	RESULTS: Neprilysin prevented IAPP fibrillisation by cleaving IAPP at Arg(11)-Leu(12), Leu(12)-Ala(13), Asn(14)-Phe(15), Phe(15)-Leu(16), Asn(22)-Phe(23) and Ala(25)-Ile(26).	Alanine	158-161	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	62-66
21245961-7	2011	Sequencing of the candidate genes detected a heterozygous c.5C T change in the coding region of the betaB2-crystallin gene (CRYBB2), resulting in the substitution of a highly conserved alanine to valine (p. A2V).	Alanine	185-192	crystallin beta B2	Homo sapiens	100-117
22688013-2	2012	The superoxide dismutase manganese dependent (SOD2) catalyzes O(2)(-) in H(2)O(2) into mitochondria and is encoded by a single gene that presents a common polymorphism that results in the replacement of alanine (A) with a valine (V) in the 16 codon.	Alanine	203-210	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
22006925-9	2011	Additionally, Spry2 is hydroxylated on Pro residues 18, 144, and 160, and substitution of these residues with Ala enhanced stability of Spry2 and abrogated its interactions with pVHL.	Alanine	110-113	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	178-182
21245961-7	2011	Sequencing of the candidate genes detected a heterozygous c.5C T change in the coding region of the betaB2-crystallin gene (CRYBB2), resulting in the substitution of a highly conserved alanine to valine (p. A2V).	Alanine	185-192	crystallin beta B2	Homo sapiens	124-130
22125537-6	2011	ALA inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and activates AMPK in skeletal muscles, which in turn have a plethora of metabolic consequences.	Alanine	0-3	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
22216318-4	2011	Two host proteins, B23 and I2PP2A, were found to interact preferentially with the alanine-substituted CTD.	Alanine	82-89	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
21898653-1	2011	DNA-binding protein from starved cells (DPS), a mini-ferritin capable of self-assembling into a 12-meric nano-cage, was chosen as the basis for an alanine-shaving mutagenesis study to investigate the importance of key amino acid residues, located at symmetry-related protein-protein interfaces, in controlling protein stability and self-assembly.	Alanine	147-154	DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	0-19
22825700-6	2012	Statistically significant increased risks were also identified in women with the MnSOD genotypes containing the Ala allele who had a tobacco smoking history (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.34), a higher body mass index (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.56) or who used oral contraceptives (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.34-2.93).	Alanine	112-115	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
22797137-3	2012	RESULTS: Sequencing of the human DNAJC19 gene showed a homozygous single nucleotide (A) deletion in alanine 63 coding triplet in exon 6, which does not immediately cause amino acid change but leads 11 amino acids later to a stop codon and to premature termination of the peptide.	Alanine	100-107	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C19	Homo sapiens	33-40
21832286-5	2011	Interestingly, alanine mutations of Leu(175(4.61)), Ile(177(4.63)), and Met(180(4.66)) decreased mutant receptor affinity for GnRH I but, in contrast, increased affinity for GnRH II.	Alanine	15-22	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	174-181
22174829-12	2011	To determine whether these residues are involved in the increased sarcomeric localization of Smyd1b_tv1, we mutated these residues into alanine.	Alanine	136-143	SET and MYND domain containing 1a	Danio rerio	93-103
21636960-6	2011	Increases in AUC of plasma insulin concentration from 0 to 60 min were observed after injection of arginine, leucine, alanine, and fat emulsion.	Alanine	118-125	insulin	Felis catus	27-34
21829511-1	2011	We previously reported that human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) carrying alanine or glutamine but not proline at position 120 of the capsid protein (CA) could grow in the presence of anti-viral factor TRIM5alpha of cynomolgus monkey (CM).	Alanine	81-88	tripartite motif-containing protein 5	Macaca fascicularis	209-219
21820449-7	2011	Mas receptor antagonists D-Ala-Ang-(1-7) (A779) or D-Pro(7)-Ang-(1-7) enhanced the contraction induced by PHE only in vessels from FVB mice.	Alanine	27-30	angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5	Mus musculus	31-39
22704671-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism causes susceptibility to recurrent tonsillitis in Turkish children.	Alanine	23-26	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
22736773-2	2012	The thyroid transcription factor forkhead factor E1 (FOXE1) contains a polymorphic polyalanine tract with 12-22 alanines.	Alanine	112-120	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	53-58
20937801-3	2010	In the absence of dipeptides, both transporters showed proton-dependent leak currents that were inhibited by Phe-Ala (AtPTR5) and Phe-Ala, Trp-Ala, and Phe-Phe (AtPTR1).	Alanine	113-116	peptide transporter 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-124
21904836-7	2012	Additionally, patients carrying both Ala/Ala of MnSOD and Leu/Leu of GPX1 had the highest risk of developing bladder cancer.	Alanine	37-40	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
21904836-7	2012	Additionally, patients carrying both Ala/Ala of MnSOD and Leu/Leu of GPX1 had the highest risk of developing bladder cancer.	Alanine	41-44	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
21873215-3	2011	Two point mutations of leucines 543 and 544 to alanines (L543A, L544A) in helix 12 minimized estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation and reversed the activity of the estrogen antagonists ICI182780 (ICI) and tamoxifen (TAM) into agonists in a similar manner that TAM activated WT ERalpha through AF-1 activation.	Alanine	47-55	proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4	Mus musculus	301-305
20966082-7	2010	Comparing the electrostatic surface potentials of the ECDs suggests a charge compatibility mechanism for ligand discrimination involving a single amino acid difference in the receptors (CRFR1 Glu104/CRFR2alpha Pro-100) at a site proximate to peptide residue 35 (Arg in CRF/Ucn1, Ala in Ucn2/3).	Alanine	279-282	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
21757728-7	2011	Furthermore, we provide evidence that occludin regulates centrosome separation and mitotic entry as the nonphosphorylatable alanine mutation (S490A) impedes centrosome separation, delays mitotic entry, and reduces proliferation.	Alanine	124-131	occludin	Canis lupus familiaris	38-46
21904836-9	2012	In addition, the combination of the MnSOD Ala/Ala and GPX1 Leu/Leu genotypes may have a synergistic effect on disease risk.	Alanine	42-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
21904836-9	2012	In addition, the combination of the MnSOD Ala/Ala and GPX1 Leu/Leu genotypes may have a synergistic effect on disease risk.	Alanine	46-49	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
20966082-7	2010	Comparing the electrostatic surface potentials of the ECDs suggests a charge compatibility mechanism for ligand discrimination involving a single amino acid difference in the receptors (CRFR1 Glu104/CRFR2alpha Pro-100) at a site proximate to peptide residue 35 (Arg in CRF/Ucn1, Ala in Ucn2/3).	Alanine	279-282	urocortin 2	Homo sapiens	286-290
22707719-3	2012	ADAMTS5 cleaves Glu(373)-Ala(374) and Glu(1480)-Gly(1481) bonds in bovine aggrecan but does not cleave VWF.	Alanine	25-28	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Bos taurus	0-7
21665957-5	2011	Alanine-scanning analysis indicated that 2 acidic residues (Asp1, Glu3) and an exposed hydrophobic patch, formed by 4 Trp residues (residues 8, 9, 28 and 30), play important roles in the binding of JZTX-III to Nav1.5.	Alanine	0-7	asparaginase ASP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
20966082-8	2010	CRFR1 Glu-104 acts as a selectivity filter preventing Ucn2/3 binding because the nonpolar Ala-35 is incompatible with the negatively charged Glu-104.	Alanine	90-93	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21667093-5	2011	A conserved aspartic acid in RecB nuclease superfamily Motif II (D89) is also essential for SIRV2gp19 activity and mutation to alanine (D89A) abolishes activity.	Alanine	127-134	Dna2/Cas4 domain-containing protein	Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2	92-101
20966082-8	2010	CRFR1 Glu-104 acts as a selectivity filter preventing Ucn2/3 binding because the nonpolar Ala-35 is incompatible with the negatively charged Glu-104.	Alanine	90-93	urocortin 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
21067189-7	2010	In the context of N-terminal transamination, a highly reactive alanine-lysine motif emerged, which was confirmed to promote the modification of peptide substrates with PLP.	Alanine	63-70	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	168-171
21784501-4	2011	Viruses containing alanine substitutions of most UL44 residues that are phosphorylated in infected cells exhibited at most modest effects on viral DNA synthesis and yield.	Alanine	19-26	DNA polymerase processivity subunit	Human betaherpesvirus 5	49-53
22593576-5	2012	We show that truncation of the C-terminal residues 1452-1468 of Pol1 abrogates the interaction with the primase, as does mutation to alanine of the invariant amino acid Phe(1463).	Alanine	133-140	DNA-directed DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit POL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
20974683-7	2010	Mutation of Thr41 in RGS13 to Ala (T41A) reduced steady-state RGS13 levels and its ability to inhibit M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated Erk phosphorylation compared with wild-type RGS13 by attenuating the protective effect of cAMP on RGS13 degradation.	Alanine	30-33	regulator of G protein signaling 13	Homo sapiens	21-26
22807932-11	2012	MnSOD gene polymorphism Ala/Val may be a risk factor associated with more advanced breast cancer stage, and reduction of MnSOD activity may be a mechanism of the progression of benign to malignant tumors.	Alanine	24-27	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
20974683-7	2010	Mutation of Thr41 in RGS13 to Ala (T41A) reduced steady-state RGS13 levels and its ability to inhibit M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated Erk phosphorylation compared with wild-type RGS13 by attenuating the protective effect of cAMP on RGS13 degradation.	Alanine	30-33	regulator of G protein signaling 13	Homo sapiens	62-67
21562121-6	2011	Mutating these basic residues to alanines does not prevent PB1 forming a dimer with PA, but does reduce RanBP5 binding.	Alanine	33-41	importin 5	Homo sapiens	104-110
20974683-7	2010	Mutation of Thr41 in RGS13 to Ala (T41A) reduced steady-state RGS13 levels and its ability to inhibit M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated Erk phosphorylation compared with wild-type RGS13 by attenuating the protective effect of cAMP on RGS13 degradation.	Alanine	30-33	regulator of G protein signaling 13	Homo sapiens	62-67
21762218-8	2011	Alanine substitution of the Ssd1 NLS prevents Ssd1 nuclear entry, mRNA binding and disrupts Srl1 mRNA localization.	Alanine	0-7	mRNA-binding translational repressor SSD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
21762218-8	2011	Alanine substitution of the Ssd1 NLS prevents Ssd1 nuclear entry, mRNA binding and disrupts Srl1 mRNA localization.	Alanine	0-7	mRNA-binding translational repressor SSD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
22512472-6	2012	Alanine substitution decreased the agonist potency of GluA3(i)-D655A and GluA3(i)-K660A receptor channels expressed in HEK293 cells and differentially affected agonist binding affinity for isolated LBDs without changing CNQX affinity.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	54-59
22512472-6	2012	Alanine substitution decreased the agonist potency of GluA3(i)-D655A and GluA3(i)-K660A receptor channels expressed in HEK293 cells and differentially affected agonist binding affinity for isolated LBDs without changing CNQX affinity.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
20974683-7	2010	Mutation of Thr41 in RGS13 to Ala (T41A) reduced steady-state RGS13 levels and its ability to inhibit M2 muscarinic receptor-mediated Erk phosphorylation compared with wild-type RGS13 by attenuating the protective effect of cAMP on RGS13 degradation.	Alanine	30-33	regulator of G protein signaling 13	Homo sapiens	62-67
20977274-10	2010	Substitution of glutamate or alanine for T529 increased or decreased ligand-dependent cyclase activity of GC-B, respectively, and T529E increased cyclase activity in a GC-B mutant containing glutamates for all five previously identified sites as well.	Alanine	29-36	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
22366454-5	2012	Replacing serine/threonine with alanine in these sites prevents Gin4 activation, weakens its association with Sep7, alters Sep7 dynamics and causes morphological and cytokinetic defects.	Alanine	32-39	protein kinase GIN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
22166051-6	2012	Using an alanine-scanning method, KIR residues that are crucial for the interaction with JAK2 were unveiled.	Alanine	9-16	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
22166051-6	2012	Using an alanine-scanning method, KIR residues that are crucial for the interaction with JAK2 were unveiled.	Alanine	9-16	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
22017455-6	2012	Men with ALA-isoform also showed higher systolic ABP levels (Ala: 134 +- 15 mmHg, Pro: 130 +- 14 mmHg, p = 0.004), whereas left ventricular mass index, IMT and PWV were unrelated to isoforms.	Alanine	61-64	amine oxidase copper containing 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
23204898-0	2012	Association of matrix Gla protein gene allelic polymorphisms (G(-7) A, T(-138) C and Thr(83) Ala) with acute coronary syndrome in the Ukrainian population.	Alanine	93-96	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	15-33
22334681-6	2012	Alanine mutations of the seven sites ablated the inhibitory effect that Pho85p-Pho80p had on Pah1p activity and on the interaction with liposomes.	Alanine	0-7	Pho80p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-85
22216903-8	2012	Mutation of Ser(78), Thr(348) and Ser(366) to a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue decreased eEF2K activity.	Alanine	69-76	eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase	Homo sapiens	95-100
22160394-8	2012	We then tested the effects of alanine mutations in TM12 on block by Glyb and Glip; the major effects were found at N1138, T1142, V1147, N1148, S1149, S1150, I1151, and D1152.	Alanine	30-37	Glycine auxotroph B, complementation of hamster	Homo sapiens	68-72
22297112-5	2012	The substitution of Gly with Ala significantly enhanced the melanoma uptake of (99m)Tc-RAD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH compared to (99m)Tc-RGD-Lys-(Arg(11))CCMSH in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice, providing a new insight into the design of alpha-MSH peptides for melanoma targeting.	Alanine	29-32	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	233-242
22061964-9	2012	Importantly, mutation of S369 to alanine abrogates the ability of dominant negative PP2A to increase NEDD9-mediated cell spreading.	Alanine	33-40	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9	Homo sapiens	101-106
21351093-11	2012	Patients carrying the high activity Ala/Ala genotype in SOD2 (rs4880) had significantly poorer PFS than Val allele carriers in the group treated by cyclophosphamide but not hormonal regimens (p = 0.004).	Alanine	36-39	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
21351093-11	2012	Patients carrying the high activity Ala/Ala genotype in SOD2 (rs4880) had significantly poorer PFS than Val allele carriers in the group treated by cyclophosphamide but not hormonal regimens (p = 0.004).	Alanine	40-43	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
23301202-1	2012	SNAT4 is a system A type amino acid transporter that primarily expresses in liver and mediates the transport of L-alanine.	Alanine	112-121	solute carrier family 38 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23301202-3	2012	These two reagents caused inhibition of L-alanine transport by wild-type SNAT4.	Alanine	40-49	solute carrier family 38 member 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
23251465-3	2012	In vitro kinase assay using various recombinant SET mutants having Ser/Thr to Ala substitutions revealed that Ser171 of SET is one of the sites phosphorylated by PKD2.	Alanine	78-81	protein kinase D2	Homo sapiens	162-166
22615937-5	2012	Palmitoylation of CD20 and CD23 was confirmed by heterologous expression of alanine mutants coupled with bioorthogonal metabolic labeling.	Alanine	76-83	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	27-31
22509401-8	2012	Of the four peaks in eukaryotic cells we correlate one of them to a phosphorylation Using alanine scanning and mass spectrometry we map this phosphorylation to serine 61 in both Min6 cells and in exogenous Pdx1 over-expressed in HEK293 cells.	Alanine	90-97	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Mus musculus	206-210
22384266-7	2012	To understand why Sap7 was insensitive to pepstatin A, alanine substitution mutants of Sap7 were constructed.	Alanine	55-62	secretory aspartyl proteinase SAP7p	Candida albicans SC5314	87-91
22041451-3	2011	In the case of period (P) mutants, an Ala cluster was introduced into the indicated period to strengthen the Tm-actin interaction.	Alanine	38-41	actin epsilon 1	Bos taurus	112-117
22036786-5	2011	Mutation of these Ser residues to Ala abolishes the effect of nuclear export induced by Tpk1 overexpression on a Cdc25eGFP fusion.	Alanine	34-37	Ras family guanine nucleotide exchange factor CDC25	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	113-118
21819378-8	2011	Mutation of this residue to alanine abrogated 14-3-3 binding to ULK1, and in vivo phosphorylation of ULK1 was blocked by a dominant-negative AMPK mutant.	Alanine	28-35	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
21819378-8	2011	Mutation of this residue to alanine abrogated 14-3-3 binding to ULK1, and in vivo phosphorylation of ULK1 was blocked by a dominant-negative AMPK mutant.	Alanine	28-35	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
21824916-6	2011	Cells expressing PNKP with alanine or aspartic acid at serines 114 and 126 were modestly radiosensitive and IR enhanced the association of PNKP with XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV; however, this interaction was not affected by mutation of PNKP phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	27-34	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
21873524-5	2011	Solvent-exposed residues along the alpha-helices of the HLA-DP2 alpha- and beta-chains were also mutated to alanine.	Alanine	108-115	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	56-69
21550081-8	2011	These results, which indicate that Ala 82 and Cys 442 are crucial for both 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, help define the structure-function relationship of the CYP17A1 gene.	Alanine	35-38	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	173-180
21892182-1	2011	Here we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylates the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s) on its Thr48 and Ser61 residues and greatly enhances its nuclear migration in mice, whereas mutation of either residue to alanine substantially reduces its nuclear translocation and activity.	Alanine	255-262	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	18-54
21892182-1	2011	Here we show that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) phosphorylates the spliced form of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s) on its Thr48 and Ser61 residues and greatly enhances its nuclear migration in mice, whereas mutation of either residue to alanine substantially reduces its nuclear translocation and activity.	Alanine	255-262	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	56-64
21673098-9	2011	Furthermore, the dipeptides liberated from GLP-1 (His-Ala) and GIP (Tyr-Ala) deteriorated glucose tolerance, reduced insulin, and increased portal glucagon levels.	Alanine	54-57	glucagon	Mus musculus	43-48
21651984-8	2011	In contrast, a mutant CsFerM that bears alanine substitution at two conserved residues of the ferroxidase diiron center and ferrihydrite nucleation center was abolished in both iron-binding and antimicrobial capacity.	Alanine	40-47	ferritin, middle subunit	Cynoglossus semilaevis	22-28
21550420-7	2011	Phosphorylation of T1426 also contributes to SRC-1 coactivation potential, as mutation of the threonine target site to alanine results in reduced stimulation of PR activity by SRC-1.	Alanine	119-126	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	161-163
21550420-7	2011	Phosphorylation of T1426 also contributes to SRC-1 coactivation potential, as mutation of the threonine target site to alanine results in reduced stimulation of PR activity by SRC-1.	Alanine	119-126	nuclear receptor coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
21712056-2	2011	The BRS-3 agonist (DTyr(6), (Ala(11), Phe(13), Nle(14)) bombesin(6-14) (BA1), but not gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) or neuromedin B (NMB) increased significantly the clonal growth of NCI-H1299 cells stably transfected with BRS-3 (NCI-H1299-BRS-3).	Alanine	29-32	bombesin receptor subtype 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
21602281-3	2011	Unexpectedly an inactivating mutation in PDZ1 (Tyr(20)   Ala) only partially, rather than completely, suppresses the ability of PDZK1 to control hepatic SR-BI.	Alanine	57-60	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	128-133
21602281-3	2011	Unexpectedly an inactivating mutation in PDZ1 (Tyr(20)   Ala) only partially, rather than completely, suppresses the ability of PDZK1 to control hepatic SR-BI.	Alanine	57-60	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	153-158
21602281-7	2011	A double (Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) substitution abrogated all target peptide binding to PDZK1.	Alanine	20-23	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	109-114
21602281-7	2011	A double (Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) substitution abrogated all target peptide binding to PDZK1.	Alanine	44-47	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	109-114
21602281-8	2011	In vivo hepatic expression of a singly substituted (Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) PDZK1 transgene (Tg) was able to correct all of the SR-BI-related defects in PDZK1 knock-out mice, whereas the doubly substituted [Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)]Tg was unable to correct these defects.	Alanine	63-66	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	75-80
21434869-4	2011	Alanine substitution of this motif abolished the Lu/BCAM-spectrin interaction, enhanced the half-life of Lu/BCAM at the MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell surface, and increased Lu/BCAM-mediated cell adhesion and spreading on laminin 511/521.	Alanine	0-7	basal cell adhesion molecule	Canis lupus familiaris	52-56
21434869-4	2011	Alanine substitution of this motif abolished the Lu/BCAM-spectrin interaction, enhanced the half-life of Lu/BCAM at the MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell surface, and increased Lu/BCAM-mediated cell adhesion and spreading on laminin 511/521.	Alanine	0-7	basal cell adhesion molecule	Canis lupus familiaris	108-112
21434869-4	2011	Alanine substitution of this motif abolished the Lu/BCAM-spectrin interaction, enhanced the half-life of Lu/BCAM at the MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cell surface, and increased Lu/BCAM-mediated cell adhesion and spreading on laminin 511/521.	Alanine	0-7	basal cell adhesion molecule	Canis lupus familiaris	108-112
21526770-6	2011	A non-phosphorylatable alanine substitution mutant at this position causes enhanced interaction of PACT with TRBP and leads to a loss of PKR activation.	Alanine	23-30	protein activator of interferon induced protein kinase EIF2AK2	Homo sapiens	99-103
21574139-4	2011	Alanine versus valine polymorphism in the signal peptide of the Mn-SOD gene was evaluated using a primer pair to amplify a 107-bp fragment followed by digestion with the restriction enzyme NgoMIV.	Alanine	0-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
21454547-8	2011	The exchange of the second arginine led to exceedingly increased dimerization as long as one of the protomers was not mutated, suggesting that substitution of this residue with alanine may result in similar a structural rearrangement of the RAF kinase domain, as has been found for the C-RAF kinase domain co-crystallized with a dimerization-stabilizing RAF inhibitor.	Alanine	177-184	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	241-244
21454547-8	2011	The exchange of the second arginine led to exceedingly increased dimerization as long as one of the protomers was not mutated, suggesting that substitution of this residue with alanine may result in similar a structural rearrangement of the RAF kinase domain, as has been found for the C-RAF kinase domain co-crystallized with a dimerization-stabilizing RAF inhibitor.	Alanine	177-184	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	286-291
21270823-5	2011	We defined that substitution of tryptophan residue 128 in the CsA-binding site of CypB with alanine resulted in dissociation of CypB(W128A)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the ER.	Alanine	92-99	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	62-65
21452871-4	2011	Alanine was incorporated into Rop for mapping its binding site using an in vivo activity screen, and subtle but important differences from in vitro gel-shift studies of Rop function are evident.	Alanine	0-7	opsin 1, long wave sensitive	Homo sapiens	169-172
21362620-6	2011	Targeted alanine mutations in the dimerization domain (aa 1-27) decrease phosphatase activity while leaving the dimer intact.	Alanine	9-16	AA1	Homo sapiens	55-59
21062213-8	2011	Distribution of MnSOD genotypes was 47% Val/Val-variant, 29.5% Ala/Val and 23.5% Ala/Ala-variants.	Alanine	63-66	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
21062213-8	2011	Distribution of MnSOD genotypes was 47% Val/Val-variant, 29.5% Ala/Val and 23.5% Ala/Ala-variants.	Alanine	81-84	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
21062213-8	2011	Distribution of MnSOD genotypes was 47% Val/Val-variant, 29.5% Ala/Val and 23.5% Ala/Ala-variants.	Alanine	81-84	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
21123961-4	2011	As the PKA phosphorylation site in mouse WEE1B (mWEE1B) was not conserved in pWEE1B, we predicted that four serine residues would be phosphorylatable by PKA in pWEE1B (Ser77, Ser118, Ser133 and Ser149) and constructed FLAG-tagged replaced-pWEE1Bs, in which each of the PKA-phosphorylatable serines was mutated into a non-phosphorylatable alanine.	Alanine	338-345	WEE1 homolog 2 (S. pombe)	Mus musculus	41-46
21208980-12	2011	Nam8 activity is enfeebled by alanine mutations in the putative RNA binding sites of the RRM2 and RRM3 domains.	Alanine	30-37	Nam8p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
21268659-8	2011	However, modified PrP containing histidine to alanine substitutions within the octapeptide repeats was still converted to PrP(Sc) in N2a cells.	Alanine	46-53	prion protein	Mus musculus	122-125
21199860-2	2011	In unaffected individuals, (GCG)(6) encodes the first 6 alanines in a homopolymeric stretch of 10 alanines.	Alanine	56-64	glucagon	Mus musculus	28-31
21199860-2	2011	In unaffected individuals, (GCG)(6) encodes the first 6 alanines in a homopolymeric stretch of 10 alanines.	Alanine	98-106	glucagon	Mus musculus	28-31
21252300-6	2011	An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants.	Alanine	3-10	indole-3-acetic acid 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	125-129
21097498-12	2011	Serine/threonine to alanine mutations, of residues localized to the central region of Dab2, attenuated its phosphorylation, reduced its membrane displacement, and maintained its endocytic abilities in mitosis.	Alanine	20-27	DAB adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
21359141-2	2011	Towards this end, an alanine-based peptide doped with charged lysines with a sequence of (AKA(3)KA)(2) (AK2) was selected from the crosslinking regions of the natural elastin.	Alanine	21-28	adenylate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
21307606-5	2011	Moreover, we found novel DPL derivatives which were formed from xylose and such amino acids as alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, and valine in the presence of lysine.	Alanine	95-102	prion like protein doppel	Homo sapiens	25-28
21647302-5	2011	On the contrary, the acetylation of Lys-81 in the mutant K2/A2 enhanced the bending potential of HMGB1 C. Regarding the ability of HMGB1 to specifically bind bent DNA, the individual mutations of either K2 or K81 as well as the double mutation of both residues to alanine were found to completely abolish binding of truncated tail-less HMGB1 to cisplatin-modified DNA.	Alanine	264-271	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
21647302-5	2011	On the contrary, the acetylation of Lys-81 in the mutant K2/A2 enhanced the bending potential of HMGB1 C. Regarding the ability of HMGB1 to specifically bind bent DNA, the individual mutations of either K2 or K81 as well as the double mutation of both residues to alanine were found to completely abolish binding of truncated tail-less HMGB1 to cisplatin-modified DNA.	Alanine	264-271	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
20952238-5	2011	In the CPT II gene, there was a new mutation ((545)Glu&gt;Ala) in 1 case and there were mutations that did not change activity in 17 cases.	Alanine	58-61	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	7-13
22216341-13	2011	In addition, the apparent saturation of the second Elovl2 reaction, DPA 24:5n-3, provides further explanations for the accumulation of DPA when ALA, SDA or EPA is provided in the diet.	Alanine	144-147	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
21984908-6	2011	Most individual Ala substitutions decreased potency of CaMKII inhibition, however, P3A, K13A, and R14A increased potency.	Alanine	16-19	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	55-61
21984908-7	2011	Importantly, this initial Ala scan suggested a specific interaction of the region around R11 with the CaMKII substrate binding site, which was exploited for further rational mutagenesis to generate an optimized pseudo-substrate sequence.	Alanine	26-29	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	102-108
21092292-7	2010	Alanine (Ala)-substitution of histidine (His) single amino acid repeats at 637,638 and/or 647,648 in Dvl3, like C-terminal deletion, abolishes Wnt 5a signal propagation.	Alanine	0-7	dishevelled segment polarity protein 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
20931825-18	2010	In the group of patients with COPD, Val/Val genotype at position 9 of MnSOD signal peptide is associated with more severe depression, anxiety as a trait and anxiety as a state in comparison with patients who have Val/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	217-220	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
20931825-18	2010	In the group of patients with COPD, Val/Val genotype at position 9 of MnSOD signal peptide is associated with more severe depression, anxiety as a trait and anxiety as a state in comparison with patients who have Val/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	225-228	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
20931825-18	2010	In the group of patients with COPD, Val/Val genotype at position 9 of MnSOD signal peptide is associated with more severe depression, anxiety as a trait and anxiety as a state in comparison with patients who have Val/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	225-228	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
20674861-3	2010	Here we perform alanine-scanning mutagenesis to identify residues in NPC2 that are essential for transfer of cholesterol to NPC1(NTD).	Alanine	16-23	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
20501330-6	2010	CONCLUSION: The higher Ala-allele carrier rate among PD subjects may suggest a possible higher amount of mitochondrial Mn-SOD rendering higher intracellular stress in PD.	Alanine	23-26	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	119-125
20799012-5	2010	A mutated GIP peptide in which Tyr(1), Ile(7), Asp(15), and His(18) were replaced by His, Thr, Glu, and Ala, respectively, was able to activate both GLP1R and GIPR with moderate potency.	Alanine	104-107	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	149-154
20519503-3	2010	Herein we report that substitution of two conserved serine residues in the cytosolic tail of TCRalpha to alanine decreased ubiquitination, whereas placement of additional serine residues enhanced it.	Alanine	105-112	T cell receptor alpha constant	Homo sapiens	93-101
20471956-6	2010	Importantly, expression of nonphosphorylatable serine to alanine form of p300 (S106A) destabilized both p300 and NBS1 proteins, after DNA damage.	Alanine	57-64	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	73-77
20471956-6	2010	Importantly, expression of nonphosphorylatable serine to alanine form of p300 (S106A) destabilized both p300 and NBS1 proteins, after DNA damage.	Alanine	57-64	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	104-108
20410266-3	2010	This was shown not to be due to an antigenic change in hemagglutinin (HA) but was shown to be the result of a mutation in aspartic acid 151 of neuraminidase (NA) to glycine, asparagine, or alanine, which caused an oseltamivir-sensitive agglutination of RBCs.	Alanine	189-196	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	158-160
20511591-8	2010	Our approach has been successfully validated by application to an external test set of 22 alanine mutations in the interface of Ras/RalGDS.	Alanine	90-97	ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator	Homo sapiens	132-138
20514459-7	2010	Treatment of ALA-hx induced CPO mRNA expression and ROS was produced by ALA-hx PDT in SGT cells.	Alanine	13-16	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
20481578-0	2010	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of HIV-1 gp41 heptad repeat 1: insight into the gp120-gp41 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	77-82
20585391-5	2010	Mutation of F595 to Ala, Lys, Val or Ile significantly decreases the constitutive activity of JAK2 V617F, but F595W and F595Y are able to restore it, implying an aromaticity requirement at position 595.	Alanine	20-23	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
20585391-6	2010	Substitution of F595 to Ala was also able to decrease the constitutive activity of two other JAK2 mutants, T875N and R683G, as well as JAK2 K539L, albeit to a lower extent.	Alanine	24-27	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
20585391-6	2010	Substitution of F595 to Ala was also able to decrease the constitutive activity of two other JAK2 mutants, T875N and R683G, as well as JAK2 K539L, albeit to a lower extent.	Alanine	24-27	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	135-139
20501595-7	2010	We present evidence that CEH-17 participates in a positive autoregulatory loop with CEH-14 in ALA, and that CEH-10, in addition to its role in ALA differentiation, functions in the generation of the ALA neuron.	Alanine	94-97	Homeobox protein ceh-14	Caenorhabditis elegans	84-90
20501595-7	2010	We present evidence that CEH-17 participates in a positive autoregulatory loop with CEH-14 in ALA, and that CEH-10, in addition to its role in ALA differentiation, functions in the generation of the ALA neuron.	Alanine	143-146	Homeobox protein ceh-10	Caenorhabditis elegans	108-114
20501595-7	2010	We present evidence that CEH-17 participates in a positive autoregulatory loop with CEH-14 in ALA, and that CEH-10, in addition to its role in ALA differentiation, functions in the generation of the ALA neuron.	Alanine	143-146	Homeobox protein ceh-10	Caenorhabditis elegans	108-114
20501595-8	2010	Similarly to CEH-17, CEH-10 is required for the posterior migration of the ALA axons, but CEH-14 appears to regulate an aspect of ALA axon outgrowth that is distinct from that of the Prd-like proteins.	Alanine	75-78	Homeobox protein ceh-10	Caenorhabditis elegans	21-27
20501595-8	2010	Similarly to CEH-17, CEH-10 is required for the posterior migration of the ALA axons, but CEH-14 appears to regulate an aspect of ALA axon outgrowth that is distinct from that of the Prd-like proteins.	Alanine	130-133	Homeobox protein ceh-14	Caenorhabditis elegans	90-96
21602281-8	2011	In vivo hepatic expression of a singly substituted (Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) PDZK1 transgene (Tg) was able to correct all of the SR-BI-related defects in PDZK1 knock-out mice, whereas the doubly substituted [Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)]Tg was unable to correct these defects.	Alanine	63-66	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Mus musculus	127-132
21602281-8	2011	In vivo hepatic expression of a singly substituted (Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) PDZK1 transgene (Tg) was able to correct all of the SR-BI-related defects in PDZK1 knock-out mice, whereas the doubly substituted [Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)]Tg was unable to correct these defects.	Alanine	63-66	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	152-157
21602281-8	2011	In vivo hepatic expression of a singly substituted (Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) PDZK1 transgene (Tg) was able to correct all of the SR-BI-related defects in PDZK1 knock-out mice, whereas the doubly substituted [Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)]Tg was unable to correct these defects.	Alanine	216-219	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	75-80
21602281-8	2011	In vivo hepatic expression of a singly substituted (Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)) PDZK1 transgene (Tg) was able to correct all of the SR-BI-related defects in PDZK1 knock-out mice, whereas the doubly substituted [Tyr(20)   Ala (PDZ1) + Tyr(253)   Ala (PDZ3)]Tg was unable to correct these defects.	Alanine	216-219	PDZ domain containing 1	Mus musculus	75-80
21682866-4	2011	METHODS: We designed a PAR-2-inhibiting peptide (PAR2-IP) by changing an isoleucine residue in the PAR-2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP), SLIGKV, to alanine, generating the SLAGKV peptide.	Alanine	146-153	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
21092292-7	2010	Alanine (Ala)-substitution of histidine (His) single amino acid repeats at 637,638 and/or 647,648 in Dvl3, like C-terminal deletion, abolishes Wnt 5a signal propagation.	Alanine	0-7	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	143-146
21682866-4	2011	METHODS: We designed a PAR-2-inhibiting peptide (PAR2-IP) by changing an isoleucine residue in the PAR-2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP), SLIGKV, to alanine, generating the SLAGKV peptide.	Alanine	146-153	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
21682866-4	2011	METHODS: We designed a PAR-2-inhibiting peptide (PAR2-IP) by changing an isoleucine residue in the PAR-2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP), SLIGKV, to alanine, generating the SLAGKV peptide.	Alanine	146-153	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
20351106-10	2010	We demonstrate that neutralization of a lysine residue (Lys(245)) located at the C-terminal end of transmembrane domain 4 by mutation to alanine abolishes gating by pH(i).	Alanine	137-144	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	165-170
20495767-10	2010	For IAPP 1-37 and 8-37, the catalase binding was primarily directed towards fibrillar rather than ribbon-like structures, suggesting differences in the accessibility of the human IAPP 24-27 Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu region.	Alanine	194-197	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	179-183
21092292-7	2010	Alanine (Ala)-substitution of histidine (His) single amino acid repeats at 637,638 and/or 647,648 in Dvl3, like C-terminal deletion, abolishes Wnt 5a signal propagation.	Alanine	0-3	dishevelled segment polarity protein 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
20462440-5	2010	METHODS: A plasmid encoding the phosphorylation-defective dominant-negative mouse survivin threonine 34--&gt;alanine mutant (survivin T34A) complexed to a DOTAP-chol liposome (Lip-mS) was administered with or without CDDP in Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells and in mice bearing LLC tumors, and the effects on apoptosis, tumor growth and angiogenesis were assessed.	Alanine	109-116	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	82-90
20462440-5	2010	METHODS: A plasmid encoding the phosphorylation-defective dominant-negative mouse survivin threonine 34--&gt;alanine mutant (survivin T34A) complexed to a DOTAP-chol liposome (Lip-mS) was administered with or without CDDP in Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells and in mice bearing LLC tumors, and the effects on apoptosis, tumor growth and angiogenesis were assessed.	Alanine	109-116	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	125-133
21092292-7	2010	Alanine (Ala)-substitution of histidine (His) single amino acid repeats at 637,638 and/or 647,648 in Dvl3, like C-terminal deletion, abolishes Wnt 5a signal propagation.	Alanine	0-3	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	143-146
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 22 receptor subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	149-156
20649465-4	2011	Here, alanine substitutions of the respective conserved residues (N754, F756, F797, F799) in human XPC were tested for DNA-binding activity, accumulation in tracks and foci of DNA lesions, nuclear protein mobility, and the induction of downstream GGR reactions.	Alanine	6-13	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	99-102
20688135-6	2010	Tyr at position 5 broadens the NR2 selectivity, and recovery of NR2B selectivity in Tyr5 peptides was achieved by incorporating Ala or Gly at position 8.	Alanine	128-131	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	64-68
21351738-8	2011	Mutation of the Arg residue to Ala in the Drosophila Polyhomeotic (Ph) protein, which is equivalent to Lys 816 in HPH1, was unable to repress transcription of a reporter gene to the level of wild-type Ph.	Alanine	31-34	polyhomeotic distal	Drosophila melanogaster	67-69
21454547-8	2011	The exchange of the second arginine led to exceedingly increased dimerization as long as one of the protomers was not mutated, suggesting that substitution of this residue with alanine may result in similar a structural rearrangement of the RAF kinase domain, as has been found for the C-RAF kinase domain co-crystallized with a dimerization-stabilizing RAF inhibitor.	Alanine	177-184	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	288-291
20307494-5	2010	The mutation of cysteine residue (Cys644) in the GTPase effector domain, a reported target for modification by reactive electrophiles, to alanine mimicked K38A mutation induced Drp1 oligomerization and mitochondrial elongation, suggesting the importance of cysteine in GED to regulate the GTPase activity and mitochondrial morphology.	Alanine	138-145	collapsin response mediator protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
20237682-2	2010	Since indolicidin contains five tryptophans (very hydrophobic) of its total 13 amino acids, alanine (mildly hydrophobic) was incrementally substituted in its place to generate five novel derivatives with decreasing hydrophobicity.	Alanine	92-99	cathelicidin-4	Bos taurus	6-17
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	36-39	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	300-304
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	36-39	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	309-313
20688135-7	2010	NR2B selectivity in con-R can be conferred through deletion of the Ala at position 10, thereby shifting the gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla) from position 11 to position 10, where a Gla naturally occurs in con-G and con-T.	Alanine	67-70	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	0-4
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	40-43	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	300-304
20443703-5	2010	However, the Fc-mutated version T3q(Ala/Ala) displayed a much weaker FcgammaR binding capacity than the unmutated chimeric molecule T3q, as well as a reduced ability to induce T-cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine release (TNFalpha and IL-6), and early activation surface marker expression (CD25 and CD69).	Alanine	40-43	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	309-313
20804731-3	2010	Here we report a novel GLP-1 analog BPI3006 with -NHCO- of Ala(8) replaced by -CH(CF(3))NH- and features of its metabolic stability, GLP-1 receptor trans-activation and in vivo biological activity.	Alanine	59-62	glucagon	Mus musculus	23-28
21540454-1	2011	TRPV6 [transient receptor potential vanilloid 6] is a calcium ion (Ca2+)-selective channel originally identified in the duodenal epithelium and in placenta; replacement of a negatively charged aspartate in the pore-forming region with an uncharged alanine (D541A) renders heterologously expressed TRPV6 channels nonfunctional.	Alanine	248-255	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6	Mus musculus	0-5
21540454-1	2011	TRPV6 [transient receptor potential vanilloid 6] is a calcium ion (Ca2+)-selective channel originally identified in the duodenal epithelium and in placenta; replacement of a negatively charged aspartate in the pore-forming region with an uncharged alanine (D541A) renders heterologously expressed TRPV6 channels nonfunctional.	Alanine	248-255	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6	Mus musculus	7-47
21452871-4	2011	Alanine was incorporated into Rop for mapping its binding site using an in vivo activity screen, and subtle but important differences from in vitro gel-shift studies of Rop function are evident.	Alanine	0-7	opsin 1, long wave sensitive	Homo sapiens	30-33
20133434-7	2010	BCATm KO mice exhibited 43-79% declines in the muscle concentration of alanine, glutamine, aspartate, and glutamate at rest and during exercise.	Alanine	71-78	branched chain aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	0-5
20600027-9	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to replace the serine residue of the consensus Akt substrate motifs of DLC1 with alanine.	Alanine	120-127	deleted in liver cancer 1	Mus musculus	110-114
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	73-77
20594158-2	2010	However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded to GLP-1(9-36) by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which removes the N-terminal dipeptide His(7)-Ala(8).	Alanine	133-136	glucagon	Mus musculus	9-14
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	119-123
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	200-204
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	B cell linker	Homo sapiens	209-213
20206073-3	2010	There are two genetic variants of MnSOD arising from a substitution of an alanine for a valine in the signal peptide.	Alanine	74-81	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	34-39
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	68-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
21130430-8	2011	The SOD2 Ala allele frequency was 49% both in controls and IVF patients.	Alanine	9-12	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
20594158-2	2010	However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded to GLP-1(9-36) by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which removes the N-terminal dipeptide His(7)-Ala(8).	Alanine	133-136	glucagon	Mus musculus	38-43
20930717-10	2011	In conclusion, DM2 patients harboring both D2 Ala/Ala genotype and PPARgamma2 Ala12 allele seem to present more severe IR than those with other D2/PPARgamma2 genotype combinations.	Alanine	46-49	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	15-18
20825647-1	2010	BACKGROUND: We previously reported that cynomolgus monkey (CM) TRIM5alpha could restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) strains carrying a proline at the 120th position of the capsid protein (CA), but it failed to restrict those with a glutamine or an alanine.	Alanine	265-272	tripartite motif-containing protein 5	Macaca fascicularis	63-73
20930717-10	2011	In conclusion, DM2 patients harboring both D2 Ala/Ala genotype and PPARgamma2 Ala12 allele seem to present more severe IR than those with other D2/PPARgamma2 genotype combinations.	Alanine	50-53	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	15-18
21383122-6	2011	Proper phosphorylations on Ulk1 are crucial for Ulk1/AMPK association, as a single serine-to-alanine mutation (S758A) at Ulk1 impairs this interaction.	Alanine	93-100	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
21383122-6	2011	Proper phosphorylations on Ulk1 are crucial for Ulk1/AMPK association, as a single serine-to-alanine mutation (S758A) at Ulk1 impairs this interaction.	Alanine	93-100	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	53-57
19961909-3	2010	Expression of an inhibitory peptide of CaMKII, Ala, in muscle cells enhanced the density of GluRIIA, which is a major and calcium-permeable subunit of GluR, at synapses of third instar larval NMJs.	Alanine	47-50	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	39-45
19920152-5	2010	In studies employing the recombinant Kunitz domain of APP (APPI), we show that mesotrypsin cleaves selectively at the Arg(15)-Ala(16) reactive site bond, with kinetic constants approaching those of other proteases toward highly specific protein substrates.	Alanine	126-129	serine protease 3	Homo sapiens	79-90
20628049-11	2010	Indeed, alanine mutation of either Arg(445) (helix 8) or Asp(498) (helix 10) abrogated T(3) transport activity of MCT8, supporting their predicted role in substrate recognition.	Alanine	8-15	solute carrier family 16 member 2	Homo sapiens	114-118
20564039-7	2010	By using the intein-mediated purification with a affinity chitin binding tag system, we then expressed the peptide thioester M-[A(49)]-SDF-1(1-49)-MESNA recombinantly, in which the valine at position 49 was replaced by a more suitable alanine residue to allow improved cleavage and ligation.	Alanine	235-242	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	135-140
21268659-8	2011	However, modified PrP containing histidine to alanine substitutions within the octapeptide repeats was still converted to PrP(Sc) in N2a cells.	Alanine	46-53	prion protein	Mus musculus	18-21
20478627-3	2010	The study examined the relationship between MnSOD gene polymorphisms (Ala-9Val, Ile-58Thr) and DD in the Polish population.	Alanine	70-73	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
21189250-4	2011	The Ala mutation of penultimate phospho-Ser (S359A) that abolishes 14-3-3 binding resulted in substantially reduced O-glycosylation and the cell surface expression of GPR15.	Alanine	4-7	G protein-coupled receptor 15	Homo sapiens	167-172
21063099-4	2010	Alanine production dropped 40% consistent with a shift of glutamate from alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to GDH.	Alanine	0-7	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	73-97
19815543-5	2009	To investigate the function of phosphorylation, we generated a PAR2 mutant in which all serines and threonines in the C-tail were converted to alanines and designated it PAR2 0P.	Alanine	143-151	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
20363032-5	2010	The Cys(57)-Ala(58)-Leu(59)-Cys(60) motif, present inside the stretch important for JAB1-interaction and mediator of the thiol-protein oxidoreductase activity of MIF, is conserved in sea bass, together with the Pro(2) residue that is crucial for the tautomerase catalytic activity.	Alanine	12-15	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	162-165
21055468-10	2011	MMP3 and MMP12 were able to degrade aggrecan at the very C-terminus of the CS-2 region, cleaving the Glu(2047-2048)Ala bond which was previously shown to be cleaved by ADAMTS5.	Alanine	115-118	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Bos taurus	168-175
20494957-9	2010	An OX(2)R agonist, [Ala(11),D-Leu(15)]-orexin B, concentration-dependently depolarized RVLM neurons.	Alanine	20-23	hypocretin receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	3-9
21135131-5	2011	Serine 3 is a novel phospho-acceptor which, when mutated to alanine, leads to increased class switching and c-myc/IgH translocations without affecting AID levels or catalytic activity.	Alanine	60-67	immunoglobulin heavy locus	Homo sapiens	114-117
19860828-5	2009	Substitution of alanine for Y286 disrupted basolateral targeting of Cx43-eYFP.	Alanine	16-23	gap junction protein alpha 1	Canis lupus familiaris	68-72
19828733-5	2009	The yeast casein kinase I homologue Yck2p directly phosphorylates six serine residues located in the C-terminal tail of Ste2p, and mutation of these serine residues to alanine significantly decreased recruitment of Ste2p to CCPs.	Alanine	168-175	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	120-125
19828733-5	2009	The yeast casein kinase I homologue Yck2p directly phosphorylates six serine residues located in the C-terminal tail of Ste2p, and mutation of these serine residues to alanine significantly decreased recruitment of Ste2p to CCPs.	Alanine	168-175	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	215-220
20578157-6	2010	The SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype was associated with cholestatic/mixed damage (OR = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.8; corrected P [Pc] = 0.0058), whereas the GPX1 Leu/Leu genotype was associated with cholestatic injury (OR = 5.1; 95%CI = 1.6-16.0; Pc = 0.0112).	Alanine	9-12	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
19381802-5	2009	We further confirmed these results using 2 recombinant ASA mutants: C69A and CKK (Cys69, Lys302 and Lys123-all mutated to Ala).	Alanine	122-125	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	55-58
20802513-7	2011	Moreover, substitution of the basic residues in the (216)KAKTLRK(222) patch in the FERM domain with Ala antagonizes the effect of the Y194E substitution on FAK activation, thus suggesting that the interactions between the phosphorylated Tyr194 and the basic resides in the (216)KAKTLRK(222) patch may allow FAK to be activated through relief of its autoinhibition.	Alanine	100-103	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	156-159
20802513-7	2011	Moreover, substitution of the basic residues in the (216)KAKTLRK(222) patch in the FERM domain with Ala antagonizes the effect of the Y194E substitution on FAK activation, thus suggesting that the interactions between the phosphorylated Tyr194 and the basic resides in the (216)KAKTLRK(222) patch may allow FAK to be activated through relief of its autoinhibition.	Alanine	100-103	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	307-310
20578157-6	2010	The SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype was associated with cholestatic/mixed damage (OR = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.8; corrected P [Pc] = 0.0058), whereas the GPX1 Leu/Leu genotype was associated with cholestatic injury (OR = 5.1; 95%CI = 1.6-16.0; Pc = 0.0112).	Alanine	13-16	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
20578157-7	2010	The presence of two or more combined risk alleles (SOD2 Ala and GPX1 Leu) was more frequent in DILI patients (OR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.4-3.0; Pc = 0.0006).	Alanine	56-59	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
20578157-8	2010	Patients with cholestatic/mixed injury induced by mitochondria hazardous drugs were more prone to have the SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype (OR = 3.6; 95%CI = 1.4-9.3; Pc = 0.02).	Alanine	112-115	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
21195350-2	2011	To define physiological roles of AS160-Thr649 phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding in glucose homeostasis, we substituted this residue by a nonphosphorylatable alanine by knockin mutation in mice.	Alanine	158-165	TBC1 domain family, member 4	Mus musculus	33-38
20578157-8	2010	Patients with cholestatic/mixed injury induced by mitochondria hazardous drugs were more prone to have the SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype (OR = 3.6; 95%CI = 1.4-9.3; Pc = 0.02).	Alanine	116-119	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
19799413-6	2009	Moreover, ectopic expression of CRMP-1 mutant in which Aurora-A phosphorylation sites have been replaced with Ala results in a cytokinesis defect.	Alanine	110-113	collapsin response mediator protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
20578157-10	2010	CONCLUSION: Patients homozygous for the SOD2 Ala allele and the GPX1 Leu allele are at higher risk of developing cholestatic DILI.	Alanine	45-48	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
21311165-6	2011	RESULTS: A short variant of FOXE1-polyAla, containing 12 alanines, was present in 5 control subjects (5.6%), but was not found in TH.	Alanine	57-65	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	28-33
19808963-10	2009	One such difference is the presence of Ile(104) in GSTP1-1 close to the bound NBDHEX, whereas the corresponding position is occupied by an alanine in GSTM2-2.	Alanine	139-146	glutathione S-transferase mu 2	Homo sapiens	150-157
20012093-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that the Ala allele of the MnSOD gene was a low-penetrance susceptible gene in PCA development, especially in Caucasians.	Alanine	50-53	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
20481588-7	2010	Furthermore, the YBR261C/Tae1 and METTL11A recombinant proteins methylate variants of the synthetic peptide containing N-terminal alanine and serine residues.	Alanine	130-137	N-terminal protein methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-29
19731932-7	2009	Computational alanine scanning was also conducted to identify putative hot spots in the KPC-2-BLIP interface.	Alanine	14-21	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
20074644-2	2010	Asc-1 mediates the uptake of d-serine in an exchanger-type fashion, coupling the process to the release of alanine and cysteine.	Alanine	107-114	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
22041913-1	2011	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to yield L-alanine and selenium by acting exclusively on l-selenocysteine.	Alanine	84-93	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	0-20
22041913-1	2011	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to yield L-alanine and selenium by acting exclusively on l-selenocysteine.	Alanine	84-93	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	22-25
22096607-7	2011	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We mapped the Pak phosphorylation sites by making serine to alanine mutations in BAD and testing them as substrates in in vitro kinase assays.	Alanine	92-99	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
20394349-1	2010	Alanine racemase (AlaR) catalyzes the interconversion between l-Ala and d-Ala with the aid of the cofactor pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP).	Alanine	0-7	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	131-134
21731742-4	2011	Alteration of S4, S8 of RPA2 to alanines, which prevent phosphorylations at these sites, caused increased mitotic entry with concomitant increases in RAD51 foci and homologous recombination.	Alanine	32-40	replication protein A2	Homo sapiens	24-28
19293837-4	2009	This single nucleotide polymorphism results in an amino acid substitution (proline to alanine) in the kinase domain of TYK2, which is predicted to influence the levels of phosphorylation and therefore activity of the protein and so is likely to have a functional role in multiple sclerosis.	Alanine	86-93	tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
19690099-3	2009	An alanine scan defined seven conserved residues as essential for the Rtc1 RNA cyclization and autoadenylylation reactions.	Alanine	3-10	RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase	Homo sapiens	70-74
20385101-2	2010	Based on the 3D structure of the subcomplex of human (h) E3 with the di-domain (L3S1) of hBP, the amino acid residues (H348, D413, Y438, and R447) of hE3 for binding to hBP were substituted singly by alanine or other residues.	Alanine	200-207	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	57-59
21695060-11	2011	gamma-secretase cleavage was found to occur at different peptide bonds between alanine 694 and valine 700, which is close to the N-terminus of the predicted APLP2 transmembrane domain.	Alanine	79-86	amyloid beta precursor like protein 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
20385101-2	2010	Based on the 3D structure of the subcomplex of human (h) E3 with the di-domain (L3S1) of hBP, the amino acid residues (H348, D413, Y438, and R447) of hE3 for binding to hBP were substituted singly by alanine or other residues.	Alanine	200-207	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
19767579-5	2009	Mmp-20 cleaves amelogenin sequences after Pro(162), Ser(148), His(62), Ala(63), and Trp(45).	Alanine	71-74	matrix metallopeptidase 20	Sus scrofa	0-6
20385101-2	2010	Based on the 3D structure of the subcomplex of human (h) E3 with the di-domain (L3S1) of hBP, the amino acid residues (H348, D413, Y438, and R447) of hE3 for binding to hBP were substituted singly by alanine or other residues.	Alanine	200-207	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	150-153
20615094-0	2010	Alanine-scanning mutations of the BMP-binding domain of recombinant secretory bovine spp24 affect cytokine binding.	Alanine	0-7	secreted phosphoprotein 2	Bos taurus	85-90
20385101-2	2010	Based on the 3D structure of the subcomplex of human (h) E3 with the di-domain (L3S1) of hBP, the amino acid residues (H348, D413, Y438, and R447) of hE3 for binding to hBP were substituted singly by alanine or other residues.	Alanine	200-207	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
20869417-5	2010	We mutated Cys-226, at the extracellular end of TM3 of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, to alanine and observed a 38-fold reduction in GLP-1 potency.	Alanine	104-111	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	84-99
20171172-4	2010	Alanine scan, fluorescence anisotropy binding studies, homology modeling and NMR studies demonstrated that all residues in LEDGF 361-370 contribute to IN binding and inhibition.	Alanine	0-7	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
19950601-4	2009	RESULTS: Both the simple obesity and the normal-weight group had the Ala55Val variants of Ala/Ala, Val/Val and Ala/Val in the UCP2 gene, and the Ala55Val genotype distributions between the two groups was significantly different (chi2=11.97, P< 0.05).	Alanine	69-72	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	126-130
20364249-8	2010	Mutant forms of NHE7 with sequential alanine substitutions in the most membrane-proximal region, between residues 530 and 589, showed that two regions (residues 553-559 and 563-568) are required for NHE7-like localization.	Alanine	37-44	solute carrier family 9 member A7	Homo sapiens	16-20
19541927-10	2009	The inhibitory effect on jejunal Ala absorption was abolished by TTX, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, neonatal capsaicin treatment, and CGRP antagonism.	Alanine	33-36	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
20971063-5	2010	ADAM28 cleaved CTGF in dose- and time-dependent manners at the Ala(181)-Tyr(182) and Asp(191)-Pro(192) bonds in the hinge region of the molecule.	Alanine	63-66	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-19
20825969-5	2010	A polymeric Al species with moderate reactivity with ferron (Alb2) was initially formed, although it rapidly transformed to a less ferron-reactive colloidal form (Alc) and also decomposed at low alum doses to monomeric Al (Ala) in response to pH increases associated with outgassing of CO2.	Alanine	12-14	afamin	Homo sapiens	61-65
19936946-8	2010	Collectively, these exploratory data provide suggestive evidence for the association of MTHFR 429 Ala/ Ala and TCN2 259 Arg/Arg and CIMP status in colorectal cancer.	Alanine	98-101	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
20844048-7	2010	Through analysis of chimeras between these OCLN proteins and alanine scanning mutagenesis of the extracellular domains of OCLN, we identified the second half of the second extracellular loop (EC2) and specific amino acids within this domain to be critical for modulating the HCV cell entry factor activity of this protein.	Alanine	61-68	occludin	Cavia porcellus	122-126
19379837-8	2009	This component contains an Ala-Met bond that constitutes the scissile bond in the selective elastase inhibitor, elafin but the peptide did not inhibit pancreatic elastase at concentrations up to 100 microM.	Alanine	27-30	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	112-118
19936946-8	2010	Collectively, these exploratory data provide suggestive evidence for the association of MTHFR 429 Ala/ Ala and TCN2 259 Arg/Arg and CIMP status in colorectal cancer.	Alanine	103-106	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
19594829-0	2009	Male-specific expression of Sox9 during gonad development of crocodile and mouse is mediated by alternative splicing of its proline-glutamine-alanine rich domain.	Alanine	142-149	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9	Mus musculus	28-32
20679343-7	2010	Ser-404 is essential in this process, as its mutation to Ala prevents all activity of GSK3beta.	Alanine	57-60	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	86-94
20015864-6	2010	In vitro caspase cleavage assay and mutagenesis experiment reveal that ANP32B is a direct substrate of caspase-3 and it is primarily cleaved at the sequence of Ala-Glu-Val-Asp, after Asp-163.	Alanine	160-163	acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member B	Homo sapiens	71-77
19407223-6	2009	We also show that the N-terminal domain of MafA plays a major role in p38 MAPK-mediated degradation; simultaneous mutation of both threonines 57 and 134 into alanines in MafA was sufficient to prevent this degradation.	Alanine	158-166	v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian)	Mus musculus	43-47
19407223-6	2009	We also show that the N-terminal domain of MafA plays a major role in p38 MAPK-mediated degradation; simultaneous mutation of both threonines 57 and 134 into alanines in MafA was sufficient to prevent this degradation.	Alanine	158-166	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	70-73
19407223-6	2009	We also show that the N-terminal domain of MafA plays a major role in p38 MAPK-mediated degradation; simultaneous mutation of both threonines 57 and 134 into alanines in MafA was sufficient to prevent this degradation.	Alanine	158-166	v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian)	Mus musculus	170-174
19929244-5	2010	The MnSOD Ala/Ala and CAT TT genotypes were more frequent in HCC than in control (p = 0.001 and p = 0.072, respectively).	Alanine	10-13	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
19581575-7	2009	The importance of the network of hydrogen bonds is further illustrated by mutational studies, which show that substitution of the Asn and Gln residues to Ala compromises the Sup35 fibril stability.	Alanine	154-157	translation termination factor GTPase eRF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	174-179
20697744-7	2010	One polymorphism in the Atg7 gene that substitutes alanine for valine (V471A) showed a significant effect on the AAO (P=0.0050) and was associated with an earlier disease onset of 4 years.	Alanine	51-58	autophagy related 7	Homo sapiens	24-28
20550197-5	2010	To probe the contribution of these residues to the active site closing and orientation of PLP in the ESB, T68, S69, N71, and Q142 were changed to alanine.	Alanine	146-153	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	90-93
19422838-6	2009	KEY FINDINGS: UVC induces COX-2 expression in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF(S/S)) and that the inducibility is reduced in MEF(A/A) cells in which the phosphorylation site, Ser-51 in the eIF2alpha, is replaced with a nonphosphorylatable Ala (S51A).	Alanine	246-249	E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription factor)	Mus musculus	132-135
19929244-5	2010	The MnSOD Ala/Ala and CAT TT genotypes were more frequent in HCC than in control (p = 0.001 and p = 0.072, respectively).	Alanine	14-17	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
19929244-7	2010	Combined MnSOD Ala/Ala and GPx1 Leu/Leu had a synergistic effect on HCC risk, with an OR of 3.84 (p = 0.029).	Alanine	15-18	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
19929244-7	2010	Combined MnSOD Ala/Ala and GPx1 Leu/Leu had a synergistic effect on HCC risk, with an OR of 3.84 (p = 0.029).	Alanine	19-22	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
19929244-8	2010	Furthermore an even more pronounced risk was observed when we combined MnSOD Ala/Ala and CAT TT (OR = 13.60, p = 0.023).	Alanine	77-80	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	71-76
20080774-10	2010	(vii) High NaCl-induced nuclear localization of TonEBP/OREBP is reduced if cells lack PLC-gamma1, if PLC-gamma1 mutated in its SH2C domain is overexpressed, or if Y143 in TonEBP/OREBP is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	198-205	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	48-54
18614302-7	2009	Therefore we constructed a mutated Aurora A (AA-Aurora A), which was replaced the expecting inhibitory phosphorylation sites, serines 283 and 284, to non-phosphorylatable alanines.	Alanine	171-179	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	35-43
18614302-7	2009	Therefore we constructed a mutated Aurora A (AA-Aurora A), which was replaced the expecting inhibitory phosphorylation sites, serines 283 and 284, to non-phosphorylatable alanines.	Alanine	171-179	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	48-56
20610766-4	2010	Among eukaryotic potassium channels, the KCNQ3 subunit is unusual because it has an alanine in place of a threonine at the pore inner vestibule, three residues upstream of the GYG signature sequence of the selectivity filter.	Alanine	84-91	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3	Homo sapiens	41-46
20484411-7	2010	Ala mutagenesis of Runx2 Ser/Thr residues identified that S301 and T326 in AD3 are necessary for full MINT+FGF2 trans-activation.	Alanine	0-3	TBC1 domain family, member 8	Mus musculus	75-78
20080774-10	2010	(vii) High NaCl-induced nuclear localization of TonEBP/OREBP is reduced if cells lack PLC-gamma1, if PLC-gamma1 mutated in its SH2C domain is overexpressed, or if Y143 in TonEBP/OREBP is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	198-205	nuclear factor of activated T cells 5	Homo sapiens	55-60
20484411-7	2010	Ala mutagenesis of Runx2 Ser/Thr residues identified that S301 and T326 in AD3 are necessary for full MINT+FGF2 trans-activation.	Alanine	0-3	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	107-111
19394449-3	2009	Of those variants, a novel homoplasmic G10680A mutation substituted a threonine for a highly conserved alanine at ND4L amino acid 71, which was not found in unaffected family members and 100 normal controls.	Alanine	103-110	mitochondrially encoded NADH 4L dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	114-118
19889764-8	2010	Importantly, the conversion of these Ser residues to Ala was sufficient to impair the ability of LEDGF/p75 to mediate HIV-1 DNA integration, although these mutations did not alter chromatin binding, integrase binding, or the integrase-to-chromatin-tethering capability of LEDGF/p75.	Alanine	53-56	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
19509150-2	2009	A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in codon 16 of SOD2 (rs4880), which encodes manganese superoxide dismutase, results in a substitution of valine by alanine (Val16Ala).	Alanine	159-166	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
20573893-7	2010	Furthermore, mutations of the serines 300 and 357 to alanines to mimic nonphosphorylated delta-catenin resulted in increased dendritic protrusions accompanied by increased AMPA receptor subunit GluR2 localization at the membrane.	Alanine	53-61	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2)	Mus musculus	194-199
19889764-8	2010	Importantly, the conversion of these Ser residues to Ala was sufficient to impair the ability of LEDGF/p75 to mediate HIV-1 DNA integration, although these mutations did not alter chromatin binding, integrase binding, or the integrase-to-chromatin-tethering capability of LEDGF/p75.	Alanine	53-56	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
19652917-7	2010	We also identified that mutations of NCoA-3 at either leucines 1029-1030 or 1053-1054 (replaced by alanines) also reduced the interaction activity between TDG and NCoA1.	Alanine	99-107	nuclear receptor coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
19336400-12	2009	In contrast, replacing Arg(82)/Arg(93) in ST8Sia IV with alanine substantially decreased NCAM-specific polysialylation while only partially impacting autopolysialylation, suggesting that these residues may be particularly important for NCAM polysialylation.	Alanine	57-64	Oncogene OVC (ovarian adenocarcinoma oncogene)	Homo sapiens	42-45
19336400-14	2009	Replacement of these residues with alanine largely inactivated ST8Sia IV, whereas reversing these residues enhanced enzyme autopolysialylation but significantly reduced NCAM polysialylation.	Alanine	35-42	ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	63-72
20346996-3	2010	METHODS: Genotyping was performed for the MnSOD gene Ala-9Val SNP in Chinese schizophrenia patients with (n=176) and without TD (n=346).	Alanine	53-56	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
20495767-3	2010	Previous studies have shown that catalase binds to A-beta fibrils and appears to recognize a region containing the Gly-Ala-Ile-Ile sequence that is similar to the Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu sequence found in human IAPP residues 24-27.	Alanine	119-122	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	203-207
20495767-10	2010	For IAPP 1-37 and 8-37, the catalase binding was primarily directed towards fibrillar rather than ribbon-like structures, suggesting differences in the accessibility of the human IAPP 24-27 Gly-Ala-Ile-Leu region.	Alanine	194-197	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-8
20448439-10	2010	r-UTI patients with 19Ala/Ala or 223Gln/Gln genotype were associated with high serum and low urine SP-A levels (p &lt; 0.01).	Alanine	22-25	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	99-103
20332112-3	2010	Here, we characterize the role of interactions between talin-1 and beta-tail downstream of integrin activation, in the context of recombinant integrins containing either the wild type (WT) or the (YA) mutant beta1A tail, with a tyrosine to alanine substitution in the NPIY motif.	Alanine	240-247	talin 1	Homo sapiens	55-62
19911255-3	2010	Using an Arg-to-Ala mutant (R44A) human prostasin, we showed in this report that the cleavage of prostasin by matriptase is at Arg44.	Alanine	16-19	serine protease 8	Homo sapiens	40-49
19911255-3	2010	Using an Arg-to-Ala mutant (R44A) human prostasin, we showed in this report that the cleavage of prostasin by matriptase is at Arg44.	Alanine	16-19	serine protease 8	Homo sapiens	97-106
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
20206073-9	2010	In healthy subjects the MnSOD genotype distribution was as follows: alanine/alanine 1.9%, alanine/valine 28.3%, and valine/valine 69.8%, and in VSA patients the prevalence was: alanine/alanine 1.3%, alanine/valine 19.3%, and valine/valine 79.4%.	Alanine	76-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
19735685-1	2010	NKG2D, involved in T-cell activation and viral defense, shows a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the transmembrane region, characterized by a substitution of alanine with threonine.	Alanine	165-172	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	0-5
19735685-7	2010	We found that the NKG2D alanine/alanine (G/G) gene variant was significantly associated with SLE in the German cohort (70.4% vs 60.8% controls; p = 0.0027) and almost significantly in the Spanish cohort (66.2% vs 62.2% controls; p = 0.054).	Alanine	24-31	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	18-23
19735685-7	2010	We found that the NKG2D alanine/alanine (G/G) gene variant was significantly associated with SLE in the German cohort (70.4% vs 60.8% controls; p = 0.0027) and almost significantly in the Spanish cohort (66.2% vs 62.2% controls; p = 0.054).	Alanine	32-39	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	18-23
21127388-6	2010	Administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 for 7 days also increased the protein content and proteolytic activities of MMP2 and MMP9 in the cerebrum.	Alanine	18-21	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
19956869-2	2010	Previously, we found that the plasmid encoding the phosphorylation-defective mouse survivin threonine 34--&gt;alanine mutant complexed to DOTAP-chol liposome (Lip-mS) can suppress murine primary breast carcinoma.	Alanine	110-117	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	83-91
19956600-8	2009	Mutation of this lysine to alanine impaired both NTDs in vitro and full length RSK2 ex vivo activity, emphasizing the importance of this interaction.	Alanine	27-34	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3	Homo sapiens	79-83
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	34-37	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-6	2009	However, we found that the MnSOD 9Ala allele was associated with an increased prostate cancer risk (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: odds ratio (OR)=1.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0-1.3; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0-1.6; Val/Ala+Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR=1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3).	Alanine	104-107	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
19467856-7	2009	In addition, we found that the MnSOD Ala-9Ala genotype contributed to an increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women who had low consumption of antioxidants (Ala/Ala versus Val/Ala+Val/Val: OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.0-6.4 with low vitamin C consumption; OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.3-3.4 with low vitamin E consumption and OR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.5-5.7 with low carotenoid consumption).	Alanine	37-40	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
19467856-7	2009	In addition, we found that the MnSOD Ala-9Ala genotype contributed to an increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women who had low consumption of antioxidants (Ala/Ala versus Val/Ala+Val/Val: OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.0-6.4 with low vitamin C consumption; OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.3-3.4 with low vitamin E consumption and OR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.5-5.7 with low carotenoid consumption).	Alanine	42-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
19467856-7	2009	In addition, we found that the MnSOD Ala-9Ala genotype contributed to an increased breast cancer risk in premenopausal women who had low consumption of antioxidants (Ala/Ala versus Val/Ala+Val/Val: OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.0-6.4 with low vitamin C consumption; OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.3-3.4 with low vitamin E consumption and OR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.5-5.7 with low carotenoid consumption).	Alanine	42-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
19656877-6	2009	Mutation of proline 346 within PP2.1 to alanine dramatically attenuated genotype 1b replicon replication in three distinct genetic backgrounds, but the corresponding proline 342 was not required for replication of the JFH-1 subgenomic replicon.	Alanine	40-47	transcription elongation factor A like 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
19734890-7	2009	Knockdown of endogenous cofilin using targeted siRNA inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis, which is restored by re-expression of wild-type cofilin but not by cofilin containing Cys to Ala mutations.	Alanine	182-185	cofilin 1	Homo sapiens	24-31
19564334-7	2009	The differentiation competency of the Cdk2ap1(-/-) mESCs was restored upon the ectopic expression of Cdk2ap1 or a nonphosphorylatable pRb mutant (mouse Ser(788) --&gt; Ala), suggesting that the CDK2AP1-mediated differentiation of mESCs was elicited through the regulation of pRb.	Alanine	168-171	CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2)-associated protein 1	Mus musculus	38-45
19274732-9	2009	Moreover, comparative analysis with alanine-scanning results of the epitope explains the basis of selectivity for BNP over other related natriuretic peptides.	Alanine	36-43	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	114-117
19657386-8	2009	However, ovine SPRN exhibited 4 missense mutations and expansion/contraction in a series of 5 tandem Ala/Gly-containing repeats R1-R5 encoding Sho"s hydrophobic domain.	Alanine	101-104	shadow of prion protein	Ovis aries	15-19
19657386-10	2009	Sheep V71, A71, Delta67-70 and 67(Ala)(6)Gly73 SPRN alleles encoded proteins with similar stability and posttranslational processing in transfected neuroblastoma cells.	Alanine	34-37	shadow of prion protein	Ovis aries	47-51
19549189-7	2009	The optimum pH of the SHMT reaction was 8.0 and an Arrhenius"s plot showed a transition temperature of 19 degrees C. Besides L-serine, PvSHMT forms an external aldimine complex with D-serine, L-alanine, L-threonine and glycine.	Alanine	192-201	serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-26
19269329-6	2009	However, subsequent analysis of alanine replacement mutants and thrombin digestion revealed that the strong AMPK phosphorylation site was contained within the thrombin cleavage sequence encoded by the vector.	Alanine	32-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
19465028-4	2009	In this study, we mapped the binding sites of ODC and AzI on Az using Ala scan mutagenesis and generated models of the two complexes by constrained computational docking.	Alanine	70-73	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
19465028-4	2009	In this study, we mapped the binding sites of ODC and AzI on Az using Ala scan mutagenesis and generated models of the two complexes by constrained computational docking.	Alanine	70-73	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
19380484-0	2009	The active form of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor lacks exon 8, and its Pro 185 and Ala 185 variants repress both AHR and hypoxia-inducible factor.	Alanine	101-104	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	25-50
19380484-0	2009	The active form of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor lacks exon 8, and its Pro 185 and Ala 185 variants repress both AHR and hypoxia-inducible factor.	Alanine	101-104	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	52-55
19380484-0	2009	The active form of human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) repressor lacks exon 8, and its Pro 185 and Ala 185 variants repress both AHR and hypoxia-inducible factor.	Alanine	101-104	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	131-134
19344421-0	2009	Hb Southern Italy: coexistence of two missence mutations (the Hb Sun Prairie alpha2 130 Ala &gt; Pro and Hb Caserta alpha2 26 Ala &gt; Thr) in a single HBA2 gene.	Alanine	126-129	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
19240037-9	2009	Mutating the plasmin cleavage site Lys(317) on NR2A to alanine blocks the effect of plasmin on Zn(2+) inhibition.	Alanine	55-62	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	13-20
19240037-9	2009	Mutating the plasmin cleavage site Lys(317) on NR2A to alanine blocks the effect of plasmin on Zn(2+) inhibition.	Alanine	55-62	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	84-91
19425179-2	2009	Replacement of the conserved Tyr residue with Ala had a receptor-specific effect: the P2X1R was non-functional, the P2X2R, P2X4R, and P2X3R exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ATP and alphabeta-meATP accompanied by prolonged decay of current after washout of agonists, and the P2X7R sensitivity for agonists was not affected, though decay of current was delayed.	Alanine	46-49	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
19265705-2	2009	4.1.1.12) is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the beta-decarboxylation of l-aspartate to produce l-alanine and CO(2).	Alanine	127-136	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	15-37
19265705-2	2009	4.1.1.12) is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the beta-decarboxylation of l-aspartate to produce l-alanine and CO(2).	Alanine	127-136	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	39-42
19228693-6	2009	Systematic Ala scanning in surface plasmon resonance experiments and a saturation transfer difference NMR experiment revealed that Trp(6), Leu(7), Phe(9), and Ser(10) residues in the pep-10L peptide interacted with GPVI.	Alanine	11-14	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	131-137
19708161-1	2009	In this combined bioinformatics, molecular dynamics (MD), and density functional theory study, mechanisms for the hydrolytic cleavage of Val-Ile and Ala-Thr peptide bonds of amyloid precursor protein by the intramembrane aspartyl protease presenilin 1 (PS1) have been elucidated.	Alanine	149-152	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	239-251
18978058-5	2009	A recombinant PleC kinase domain (rPleCHKD) has histidine kinase activity; no activity was observed when the conserved site of phosphorylation was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	161-168	plectin	Homo sapiens	14-18
19636420-7	2009	Asbestosis was associated with the homozygous SOD2 - 9Ala/Ala genotype (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.24), whereas the association for the SOD3 Arg/Gly genotype was not significant (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 0.62-4.27).	Alanine	54-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
18826953-5	2008	Mutations within PrP 98-110, substituting all 4 wild-type lysine residues with alanine residues, prevented conversion to PrP(Sc).	Alanine	79-86	prion protein	Mus musculus	17-20
18826953-5	2008	Mutations within PrP 98-110, substituting all 4 wild-type lysine residues with alanine residues, prevented conversion to PrP(Sc).	Alanine	79-86	prion protein	Mus musculus	121-124
18784358-2	2008	The MnSOD allele with Val as amino acid 16 encodes a protein that has 30-40% lower activity compared with the MnSOD Ala variant, hence possibly increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress.	Alanine	116-119	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
18784358-2	2008	The MnSOD allele with Val as amino acid 16 encodes a protein that has 30-40% lower activity compared with the MnSOD Ala variant, hence possibly increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress.	Alanine	116-119	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
18784358-10	2008	However, men with the MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype who had low long-term lycopene status had a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared with individuals with the other genotypes.	Alanine	28-31	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
18784358-10	2008	However, men with the MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype who had low long-term lycopene status had a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer compared with individuals with the other genotypes.	Alanine	32-35	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
18784358-11	2008	These results are consistent with findings from earlier studies that reported when antioxidant status is low, the MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may be associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer.	Alanine	120-123	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
18784358-11	2008	These results are consistent with findings from earlier studies that reported when antioxidant status is low, the MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may be associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer.	Alanine	124-127	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
19025606-6	2008	RESULTS: Alanine mutations were introduced to the two amino acid clusters (246-248 and 259-260) in the switch III region and alpha3 helix of Galpha16.	Alanine	9-16	G protein subunit alpha 15	Homo sapiens	141-149
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	35-45
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-64
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-64
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-64
18728015-3	2008	According to the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase crystal structure, a subset of the mutated residues (Ala(606), Arg(763), Met(829), and Arg(834)) is involved in important interdomain H-bond networks, and the C terminus of the enzyme, which is elongated by the X1021R mutation, has been implicated in voltage dependence and formation of a third Na(+)-binding site.	Alanine	88-91	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	17-34
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	38-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	111-141
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	38-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	38-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	161-166
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	111-141
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
18760346-1	2008	The Ala/16Val dimorphism incorporates alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), modifying MnSOD mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	161-166
18931676-2	2008	Here we show that, in the chicken DT40 cell system, multiple alanine-substitution mutations in six conserved and clustered Ser/Thr-Gln motifs of FANCI largely abrogate monoubiquitination and focus formation of both FANCI and FANCD2, resulting in loss of DNA repair function.	Alanine	61-68	Fanconi anemia complementation group I	Gallus gallus	145-150
18931676-2	2008	Here we show that, in the chicken DT40 cell system, multiple alanine-substitution mutations in six conserved and clustered Ser/Thr-Gln motifs of FANCI largely abrogate monoubiquitination and focus formation of both FANCI and FANCD2, resulting in loss of DNA repair function.	Alanine	61-68	Fanconi anemia complementation group I	Gallus gallus	215-220
18669538-6	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative prostasin cleavage site in the extracellular loop of the gamma-subunit revealed that mutating the 181Lys residue to alanine (gammaK181A) increases ENaC baseline whole-oocyte currents, decreases channel surface expression, and largely reduces the stimulatory effect of extracellular proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and human neutrophil elastase).	Alanine	156-163	serine protease 8	Homo sapiens	40-49
18682580-5	2008	There was also indication of increased acoustic neuroma risk with the SOD2 rs4880 Ala variant (OR(CT/CC)=2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2) and decreased acoustic neuroma risk with the CAT rs1001179 T allele variant (OR(CT/TT)=0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.0).	Alanine	82-85	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
18647749-7	2008	A C/EBPbeta TAD mutant that contained a lysine-to-alanine exchange was resistant to G9a-mediated inhibition.	Alanine	50-57	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	2-11
19299563-2	2009	Compared with the mouse AHR (mAHR), the human AHR (hAHR) displays approximately 10-fold lower relative affinity for prototypical AHR ligands such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, which has been attributed to the amino acid residue valine 381 (alanine 375 in the mAHR) in the ligand binding domain of the hAHR.	Alanine	250-257	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	51-55
19151997-9	2009	Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in a reduced sensitivity of Kir3.1* currents to H89 and Forskolin, confirming an in vivo role for this novel site of the Kir3.1 channel subunit in its regulation by PKA.	Alanine	28-35	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3	Homo sapiens	73-79
19151997-9	2009	Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in a reduced sensitivity of Kir3.1* currents to H89 and Forskolin, confirming an in vivo role for this novel site of the Kir3.1 channel subunit in its regulation by PKA.	Alanine	28-35	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3	Homo sapiens	166-172
19282287-7	2009	The introduction of alanine mutations at CK2-phosphorylated residues increases the half-life of the PP1-nonbinding Ikaros mutant.	Alanine	20-27	IKAROS family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
19304304-3	2009	APOBEC3G proteins with Glu--&gt;Ala mutations in AS1, AS2 or AS1 and AS2 were stably expressed at physiological levels in CEM-SS T cells and 293T cells and the ability of the cells to support Deltavif HIV-1 replication was then tested.	Alanine	32-35	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	49-52
19304304-3	2009	APOBEC3G proteins with Glu--&gt;Ala mutations in AS1, AS2 or AS1 and AS2 were stably expressed at physiological levels in CEM-SS T cells and 293T cells and the ability of the cells to support Deltavif HIV-1 replication was then tested.	Alanine	32-35	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-64
19360321-4	2009	Here, we show that ALT1 and 2 possess similar enzymatic activity for alanine and pyruvate but with different Km and kcat values, while recombinant ALT2_2 protein does not possess any enzymatic activity.	Alanine	69-76	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	19-29
19225000-6	2009	Alanine substitutions for LANA residues (1068)LKK(1070) and (1125)SHP(1127) severely impaired chromosome binding but did not reduce the other C-terminal LANA functions of self-association or DNA binding.	Alanine	0-7	LANA	Human gammaherpesvirus 8	26-30
19448033-6	2009	When a Ser at position 237 in the SCaBP8 protein (the SOS2 phosphorylation target) was mutated to Ala, SCaBP8 was no longer phosphorylated by SOS2 and the mutant protein could not fully rescue the salt-sensitive phenotype of the scabp8 mutant.	Alanine	98-101	calcineurin B-like protein 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-40
19448033-6	2009	When a Ser at position 237 in the SCaBP8 protein (the SOS2 phosphorylation target) was mutated to Ala, SCaBP8 was no longer phosphorylated by SOS2 and the mutant protein could not fully rescue the salt-sensitive phenotype of the scabp8 mutant.	Alanine	98-101	calcineurin B-like protein 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	103-109
19260709-3	2009	Prior studies on protein tyrosine kinases Csk and Src revealed the potential for chemical rescue of catalytically deficient mutant kinases (Arg to Ala mutations) by small diamino compounds, particularly imidazole; however, the potency and efficiency of rescue was greater for Src.	Alanine	147-150	C-terminal Src kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
19396236-0	2009	ALT1-encoded alanine aminotransferase plays a central role in the metabolism of alanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Alanine	13-20	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
19396236-3	2009	Results presented in this paper show that under respiratory conditions, Alt1p constitutes the sole pathway for alanine biosynthesis and catabolism, constituting the first example of an alanine aminotransferase that simultaneously carries out both functions.	Alanine	111-118	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-77
19396236-5	2009	It can thus be concluded that ALT1 has functions in alanine biosynthesis and utilization or only alanine utilization under respiratory and fermentative conditions, respectively.	Alanine	52-59	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-34
19074424-6	2009	When the three consecutive lysine residues in the activation peptide of TAFI were substituted with alanine (K42/43/44A), the catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation with TM decreased 8-fold.	Alanine	99-106	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	72-76
19074424-6	2009	When the three consecutive lysine residues in the activation peptide of TAFI were substituted with alanine (K42/43/44A), the catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation with TM decreased 8-fold.	Alanine	99-106	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	152-156
19074424-7	2009	When other positively charged surface residues of TAFI (Lys-133, Lys-211, Lys-212, Arg-220, Lys-240, or Arg-275) were mutated to alanine, the catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation with TM decreased by 1.7-2.7-fold.	Alanine	129-136	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	50-54
18553161-10	2009	Even though the frequency of the Ala allele was low (9.6%) in the studied population, these data support the hypothesis that MnSOD and oxidative stress play a significant role in breast cancer risk both in males and females and also brings new information on the role of this polymorphism in prostate cancer.	Alanine	33-36	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	125-130
19022310-13	2009	Most interestingly, NKD appears to be activated only by DTK-6, known to possess an Ala-substitution in an otherwise conserved C-terminal core motif.	Alanine	83-86	Tachykinin	Drosophila melanogaster	56-61
19241385-6	2009	Second, we generated the trappin-2 variant, trappin-2 A62L, in which the P1 residue Ala is replaced by Leu, as in the corresponding position in SLPI domain 2.	Alanine	84-87	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	25-34
19241385-6	2009	Second, we generated the trappin-2 variant, trappin-2 A62L, in which the P1 residue Ala is replaced by Leu, as in the corresponding position in SLPI domain 2.	Alanine	84-87	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	44-53
18795890-9	2009	Surface biotinylation experiments revealed that mutation to alanine of both Ser447 and Ser537 in order to block phosphorylation at both of the PKC sites increased surface expression compared with wild-type Kv4.2.	Alanine	60-67	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Homo sapiens	206-211
19012317-6	2009	We demonstrate phosphorylation of all five sites on endogenous WAVE2 and show that their mutation to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues inhibits WAVE2 function in vivo, inhibiting cell ruffling and disrupting the integrity of the leading edge of migrating cells.	Alanine	122-129	WASP family member 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
19012749-1	2009	ASCT2 is an ASC (alanine-, serine-, cysteine-preferring) neutral amino acid exchanger that may regulate CNS function by transporting amino acid substrates including L-serine, L-cysteine, L-glutamine, L-glutamate and D-serine.	Alanine	17-24	steroid sulfatase	Mus musculus	0-3
19430534-4	2009	The mutated transcript encodes a novel protein in which the sixty-eighth amino acid, Alanine, is substituted by Proline (IRF-5P68) in the DNA binding domain of IRF-5.	Alanine	85-92	interferon regulatory factor 5	Homo sapiens	121-126
18499543-8	2008	In CD, IL23R 381Gln heterozygosity was associated with inflammatory disease (70% vs. 34%, p=0.037), while disease restricted to the colon was more prevalent in patients with the ATG16L1 300Ala/Ala homozygosity (33.3% vs. 21.1%, p=0.036).	Alanine	189-192	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	178-185
18755856-7	2008	Mutation of S135 and S154 to alanine residues reduces in cell FXR phosphorylation.	Alanine	29-36	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
18832721-8	2008	No S-nitrosylation occurred when the single Cys residue in S100A8 was mutated to Ala.	Alanine	81-84	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	59-65
18646267-5	2008	A T--&gt;C single nucleotide substitution, resulting in a Val--&gt;Ala change at position 9 (Ala-9Val), which alters the secondary structure of the protein, has been noted to affect transport of MnSOD into the mitochondria.	Alanine	67-70	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
18646267-5	2008	A T--&gt;C single nucleotide substitution, resulting in a Val--&gt;Ala change at position 9 (Ala-9Val), which alters the secondary structure of the protein, has been noted to affect transport of MnSOD into the mitochondria.	Alanine	93-96	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	195-200
18669538-6	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a putative prostasin cleavage site in the extracellular loop of the gamma-subunit revealed that mutating the 181Lys residue to alanine (gammaK181A) increases ENaC baseline whole-oocyte currents, decreases channel surface expression, and largely reduces the stimulatory effect of extracellular proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin and human neutrophil elastase).	Alanine	156-163	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	365-384
18816410-0	2008	Efficient inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by gene transferred mouse survivin Thr34--&gt;Ala mutant.	Alanine	113-116	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5	Mus musculus	93-101
18590740-5	2008	The SOCS3-elonginBC interaction was further characterised by determining the solution structure of the SOCS box-elonginBC ternary complex and by deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis of the SOCS box.	Alanine	158-165	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
18550673-6	2008	In contrast, peptides bearing Glu-Ala or Gln-Asp at the scissile bond (NS4-NS5 and NS5-NS6, or NS6-NS7 junctions, respectively) were resistant to trans cleavage by NS6 or NS6-7 proteins, whereas cis cleavage of the Glu-Ala scissile bond of the NS5-NS6 junction was evidenced.	Alanine	219-222	SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
18550673-6	2008	In contrast, peptides bearing Glu-Ala or Gln-Asp at the scissile bond (NS4-NS5 and NS5-NS6, or NS6-NS7 junctions, respectively) were resistant to trans cleavage by NS6 or NS6-7 proteins, whereas cis cleavage of the Glu-Ala scissile bond of the NS5-NS6 junction was evidenced.	Alanine	219-222	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	75-78
18550673-6	2008	In contrast, peptides bearing Glu-Ala or Gln-Asp at the scissile bond (NS4-NS5 and NS5-NS6, or NS6-NS7 junctions, respectively) were resistant to trans cleavage by NS6 or NS6-7 proteins, whereas cis cleavage of the Glu-Ala scissile bond of the NS5-NS6 junction was evidenced.	Alanine	219-222	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-86
18550673-6	2008	In contrast, peptides bearing Glu-Ala or Gln-Asp at the scissile bond (NS4-NS5 and NS5-NS6, or NS6-NS7 junctions, respectively) were resistant to trans cleavage by NS6 or NS6-7 proteins, whereas cis cleavage of the Glu-Ala scissile bond of the NS5-NS6 junction was evidenced.	Alanine	219-222	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-86
18550673-7	2008	Interestingly, the presence of a Phe at position P4 overruled the resistance to trans cleavage of the Glu-Ala junction (NS5-NS6), whereas substitutions at the P1 and P2" positions altered the cleavage efficiency.	Alanine	106-109	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	120-123
18683149-7	2008	CONCLUSION: The Ala(-9)Val polymorphism in the Mn-SOD gene may not be related to the etiology of type 2 diabetes, but it seems to contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.	Alanine	16-19	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	47-53
18480054-7	2008	Furthermore, alanine-scanning mutagenesis was carried out to map the functional residues of ADWX-1 in blocking Kv1.3.	Alanine	13-20	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3	Homo sapiens	111-116
18436364-2	2008	Pretreatment with CAPE prior to administration of CCl(4) significantly prevented the increases in serum alanine, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, hepatic lipid peroxidation formation, and depletion of glutathione content.	Alanine	104-111	structural maintenance of chromosomes 2	Mus musculus	18-22
19203467-8	2008	Pretreatment of rats with the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine prevented the increase in brain GABA and ALA levels with PLZ, but did not block the effect of VIG on GABA.	Alanine	101-104	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
18059333-6	2008	Mutation of a leucine residue in the NES1 motif to alanine (L1384A) resulted in both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the GFP-NES1 fusion protein and a nuclear accumulation of ectopic full-length BRCA2-FLAG.	Alanine	51-58	kallikrein related peptidase 10	Homo sapiens	37-41
18059333-6	2008	Mutation of a leucine residue in the NES1 motif to alanine (L1384A) resulted in both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the GFP-NES1 fusion protein and a nuclear accumulation of ectopic full-length BRCA2-FLAG.	Alanine	51-58	kallikrein related peptidase 10	Homo sapiens	133-137
18412318-6	2008	PEGylated peptides [Gly (8),Aib (22)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ala-NH2 (23) and c[Glu (22)-Lys (26)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ser-Gly-NH2 (24) retained picomolar functional potency and avid receptor binding properties.	Alanine	61-64	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	37-42
18412318-6	2008	PEGylated peptides [Gly (8),Aib (22)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ala-NH2 (23) and c[Glu (22)-Lys (26)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ser-Gly-NH2 (24) retained picomolar functional potency and avid receptor binding properties.	Alanine	61-64	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	107-112
17967822-3	2008	We investigated the associations of the MnSOD polymorphism (valine-to-alanine in the mitochondrial-targeting domain) with its activity in leukocytes, with macrophage apoptosis by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and with coronary artery disease (CAD).	Alanine	70-77	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
17967822-5	2008	The mitochondrial MnSOD activities in leukocytes were 542.4 +/- 71.6 U/mg protein (alanine/alanine, n = 2), 302.0 +/- 94.9 U/mg protein (alanine/valine, n = 12), and 134.0 +/- 67.1 U/mg protein (valine/valine, n = 36; P &lt; 0.0001 for non-valine/valine vs. valine/valine).	Alanine	83-90	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
17967822-5	2008	The mitochondrial MnSOD activities in leukocytes were 542.4 +/- 71.6 U/mg protein (alanine/alanine, n = 2), 302.0 +/- 94.9 U/mg protein (alanine/valine, n = 12), and 134.0 +/- 67.1 U/mg protein (valine/valine, n = 36; P &lt; 0.0001 for non-valine/valine vs. valine/valine).	Alanine	91-98	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
17967822-5	2008	The mitochondrial MnSOD activities in leukocytes were 542.4 +/- 71.6 U/mg protein (alanine/alanine, n = 2), 302.0 +/- 94.9 U/mg protein (alanine/valine, n = 12), and 134.0 +/- 67.1 U/mg protein (valine/valine, n = 36; P &lt; 0.0001 for non-valine/valine vs. valine/valine).	Alanine	91-98	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
18238779-5	2008	Studies of chimeric proteases, consisting of various parts of the MMP-2 catalytic domain and those of MMP-7 (matrilysin) or MMP-9 (gelatinase B), further revealed that Ala(88) and Gly(94) in the non-prime side and Tyr(145) and Thr(146) in the prime side of the substrate-binding cleft of MMP-2 contribute separately to the selective inhibition.	Alanine	168-171	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
18400164-3	2008	In knockin mice in which S231 and S234 of Ngn2 were mutated to alanines, neurogenesis occurs normally, but motor neuron specification is impaired.	Alanine	63-71	neurogenin 2	Mus musculus	42-46
18295791-5	2008	NE residues at eight different positions were replaced with analogous amino acids in CG or with alanine.	Alanine	96-103	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	0-2
18272581-5	2008	Analysis of Ser/Thr-to-Ala mutants revealed that the S396A mutation, located in cluster II, abolished IRF-3 homodimerization, CBP association, and nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	23-26	interferon regulatory factor 3	Mus musculus	102-107
18344284-4	2008	In yeast complementation experiments, ALA3 function requires interaction with members of a novel family of plant membrane-bound proteins, ALIS1 to ALIS5 (for ALA-Interacting Subunit), and in this host ALA3 and ALIS1 show strong affinity for each other.	Alanine	38-41	ALA-interacting subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-143
18344284-4	2008	In yeast complementation experiments, ALA3 function requires interaction with members of a novel family of plant membrane-bound proteins, ALIS1 to ALIS5 (for ALA-Interacting Subunit), and in this host ALA3 and ALIS1 show strong affinity for each other.	Alanine	38-41	ALA-interacting subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	210-215
20641814-6	2004	In the cytoplasm, Pyr is converted into alanine (Ala) by glutamine-Pyr transaminase (GPT) and reversibly oxidized back to Lac by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).	Alanine	40-47	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	85-88
20641814-6	2004	In the cytoplasm, Pyr is converted into alanine (Ala) by glutamine-Pyr transaminase (GPT) and reversibly oxidized back to Lac by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).	Alanine	49-52	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	85-88
18287812-2	2008	In this study we found that Rad53 protein variants in which alanine and/or aspartate replace the threonine residues 354 and/or 358 do not retain kinase activity and do not undergo auto-phosphorylation, leading to defect in the checkpoint response and iper-sensitivity to DNA damage and DNA replication stress agents.	Alanine	60-67	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
18023606-5	2008	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 9, mapping within the mitochondrion-targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increased cancer risk.	Alanine	18-25	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
18023606-5	2008	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 9, mapping within the mitochondrion-targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increased cancer risk.	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
18190225-7	2008	The concept is demonstrated experimentally by measurement of C alpha-C", C beta-C", and C gamma-C" internuclear distances in powder samples of the amino acids L-alanine and L-threonine.	Alanine	159-168	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	90-97
17942747-3	2008	Mutation of Arg(38(1.35)) to alanine resulted in 989- and 1268-fold reduction in affinity for GnRH I and GnRH II, respectively, the two endogenous ligands.	Alanine	29-36	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
17942747-3	2008	Mutation of Arg(38(1.35)) to alanine resulted in 989- and 1268-fold reduction in affinity for GnRH I and GnRH II, respectively, the two endogenous ligands.	Alanine	29-36	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	105-112
17942747-6	2008	Mutation of Arg(38(1.35)) to lysine or alanine had much smaller effect on receptor affinity for [Pro(9)-NHEt]GnRH analogs and no effect on binding affinity of peptide antagonist cetrorelix.	Alanine	39-46	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
18160840-11	2007	The haplotype analysis with C161T polymorphism revealed that subjects with Ala and T alleles showed significantly lower serum OPG levels compared with those with Pro12Pro/CC genotype, which were consistently significant even after adjustment for age, weight, height and FSH (P=0.010).	Alanine	75-78	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	126-129
17963691-4	2007	When several lysine residues in the MSP domain were substituted for alanine, the resulting mutant Scs2 proteins lost the phosphoinositide-binding ability and failed to complement the inositol auxotrophy of an scs2 deletion strain.	Alanine	68-75	phosphatidylinositol-binding protein SCS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
17711404-7	2007	Extensive mutational analysis of individual lysine residues revealed that ubiquitinated lysine residues are located in the N-terminal region of Cidea, as alteration of these lysine residues to alanine (N-5KA mutant) renders Cidea much more stable when compared with wild-type or C-terminal lysine-less mutant (C-5KA).	Alanine	193-200	cell death inducing DFFA like effector a	Homo sapiens	144-149
17711404-7	2007	Extensive mutational analysis of individual lysine residues revealed that ubiquitinated lysine residues are located in the N-terminal region of Cidea, as alteration of these lysine residues to alanine (N-5KA mutant) renders Cidea much more stable when compared with wild-type or C-terminal lysine-less mutant (C-5KA).	Alanine	193-200	cell death inducing DFFA like effector a	Homo sapiens	224-229
17927687-2	2007	This results in a single amino acid change of serine to arginine (AGC&gt;CGC) at codon 131 and a silent substitution (GCG&gt;GCC - conserved alanine) at codon 135.	Alanine	141-148	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	125-128
17880910-1	2007	To investigate the effect of elevation of liver glycogen synthase (GYS2) activity on glucose and glycogen metabolism, we performed adenoviral overexpression of the mutant GYS2 with six serine-to-alanine substitutions in rat primary hepatocytes.	Alanine	195-202	glycogen synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
17609419-3	2007	We establish that oligomerization is mediated by a predicted coiled-coil sequence (amino acids 1507-1520) in the extreme C terminus of LARG and that substitution of isoleucines 1507/1510 with alanines disrupts homo-oligomerization and leads to nucleocytoplasmic shuttling via the CRM1 nuclear transport pathway.	Alanine	192-200	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12	Homo sapiens	135-139
17662025-6	2007	Further, alanine substitutions in the PC site blocked both the in vitro and the in vivo cleavage of GP73.	Alanine	9-16	golgi membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
17595159-7	2007	Deletion of the PDZ domain-binding Val-Tyr-Ala motif at the ULK1 C terminus generated a more potent dominant-negative protein.	Alanine	43-46	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
17661444-4	2007	The results show that mTR3 is quite accommodating to insertion of alanine residues into the Cys-Sec dyad, with only a 4-6-fold drop in catalytic activity.	Alanine	66-73	thioredoxin reductase 2	Mus musculus	22-26
17567572-1	2007	We have previously identified Trp(14) as a critical residue that stabilizes the kink in the boomerang structure of the influenza fusion domain and found that cells expressing hemagglutinin with a Trp(14) to Ala mutation cannot fuse with red blood cells.	Alanine	207-210	thioredoxin domain containing 17	Mus musculus	30-36
17567572-1	2007	We have previously identified Trp(14) as a critical residue that stabilizes the kink in the boomerang structure of the influenza fusion domain and found that cells expressing hemagglutinin with a Trp(14) to Ala mutation cannot fuse with red blood cells.	Alanine	207-210	thioredoxin domain containing 17	Mus musculus	196-202
17646272-5	2007	The higher activity Ala variant at SOD2 Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A), which has been hypothesized to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, was associated with elevation of prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; P(trend) = 0.03).	Alanine	20-23	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
17646272-5	2007	The higher activity Ala variant at SOD2 Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A), which has been hypothesized to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, was associated with elevation of prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; P(trend) = 0.03).	Alanine	199-202	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
17646272-5	2007	The higher activity Ala variant at SOD2 Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A), which has been hypothesized to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, was associated with elevation of prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; P(trend) = 0.03).	Alanine	199-202	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
17646272-5	2007	The higher activity Ala variant at SOD2 Ex2+24T&gt;C (V16A), which has been hypothesized to suppress prostate carcinogenesis, was associated with elevation of prostate cancer risk in Caucasians (Val/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.42; Ala/Ala versus Val/Val: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.60; P(trend) = 0.03).	Alanine	199-202	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
17646272-6	2007	Stratification by quartiles of dietary and supplemental vitamin E intake (IU/d) showed risks of prostate cancer tended to be increased among SOD2 Ala allele carriers, except at the highest quartile of vitamin E intake (&gt;222; P(interaction) = 0.06, Q1-Q3 versus Q4).	Alanine	146-149	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
17646272-9	2007	These results suggest that the Ala variant of SOD2 is associated with moderately increased risk of prostate cancer, particularly among men with lower intakes of dietary and supplemental vitamin E.	Alanine	31-34	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
17571216-0	2007	HEMA RNAi silencing reveals a control mechanism of ALA biosynthesis on Mg chelatase and Fe chelatase.	Alanine	51-54	glutamyl-tRNA reductase 1, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	0-4
17555880-10	2007	In rat cultured astrocytes, both 100 nM Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 and ET-1 increased the mRNA levels and protein release of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 mRNAs.	Alanine	40-43	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
17626219-3	2007	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we identified 16 of 17 residues, that when mutated affected the functionality of the TRPV1 channel with respect to at least one stimulus modality.	Alanine	6-13	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
17554031-3	2007	The replacement of these cysteines by alanines, or their deletion, abolished virus viability, possibly due to disruption of interactions between nsP1 and nsP4, which is the catalytic subunit of the replicase.	Alanine	38-46	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	154-158
17347323-0	2007	Mutations of Cys-17 and Ala-271 in the human histamine H2 receptor determine the species selectivity of guanidine-type agonists and increase constitutive activity.	Alanine	24-27	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	45-66
17360717-8	2007	In addition, the in vitro translated 74-kDa form of HDC was found to undergo a limited cleavage by purified human caspase-9, whereas the alanine-substituted mutants were not.	Alanine	137-144	histidine decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	52-55
17400754-5	2007	Alanine scanning of this interface has identified the hot-spot residues that control TRIM21 binding to Fc; the same hot-spots control HIV/murine leukemia virus restriction by TRIM5alpha and mediate severe familial Mediterranean fever in TRIM20/pyrin.	Alanine	0-7	tripartite motif containing 5	Homo sapiens	175-185
17400754-5	2007	Alanine scanning of this interface has identified the hot-spot residues that control TRIM21 binding to Fc; the same hot-spots control HIV/murine leukemia virus restriction by TRIM5alpha and mediate severe familial Mediterranean fever in TRIM20/pyrin.	Alanine	0-7	MEFV innate immuity regulator, pyrin	Homo sapiens	237-243
17400754-5	2007	Alanine scanning of this interface has identified the hot-spot residues that control TRIM21 binding to Fc; the same hot-spots control HIV/murine leukemia virus restriction by TRIM5alpha and mediate severe familial Mediterranean fever in TRIM20/pyrin.	Alanine	0-7	MEFV innate immuity regulator, pyrin	Homo sapiens	244-249
17453961-2	2007	METHODS: Ala (GTT) or Val (GCT) polymorphism in the signal peptide of Mn-SOD gene was evaluated using a primer pair to amplify a 107-bp fragment followed by digestion with restriction enzyme NgoM IV.	Alanine	9-12	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	70-76
17204471-3	2007	By replacing this conserved aspartic acid residue with alanine, asparagine, glutamate, and arginine, we now show that this residue plays a crucial role in binding and signal transduction of NPY/PP at all YRs.	Alanine	55-62	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	194-196
17372243-7	2007	The most common CYP1B1 haplotype was Arg(48)-Ala(119)-Val(432)-Asn(453).	Alanine	45-48	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
17139481-6	2007	The degree to which amino acids in the CcpA-HPr(Ser46P) interface contribute to cofactor binding was analyzed by in silico alanine scanning.	Alanine	123-130	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	44-47
17290224-6	2007	In contrast, the highly conserved C/EBPalpha CR4 domain was found to undergo liver-specific dephosphorylation of residues T222 and T226 upon fasting, and alanine mutation of these residues upregulated the hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic G6Pase and PEPCK mRNAs, but not PGC-1alpha, leading to glucose intolerance.	Alanine	154-161	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	34-44
17290224-6	2007	In contrast, the highly conserved C/EBPalpha CR4 domain was found to undergo liver-specific dephosphorylation of residues T222 and T226 upon fasting, and alanine mutation of these residues upregulated the hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic G6Pase and PEPCK mRNAs, but not PGC-1alpha, leading to glucose intolerance.	Alanine	154-161	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	277-287
17365010-3	2007	Herein we report a further case of Hb G-Coushatta [beta22(B4)Glu--&gt;Ala (GAA--&gt;GCA)] (also known as G-Saskatoon, G-Hsin Chu and G-Taegu) in a Thai family in which the mother was found to have an unusual hemoglobin (Hb) anomaly in combination with Hb E [beta26(B8)Glu--&gt;Lys, GAG--&gt;AAG].	Alanine	70-73	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	75-78
17179900-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The catalytic contribution of four conserved histidines of human coproporphyrinogen oxidase (CPO) has been investigated using site-directed mutagenesis to change histidine (H) into alanine (A).	Alanine	193-200	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	77-103
17693435-5	2007	Mutation of XPC K655 to alanine abolishes both UV-induced XPC modification and degradation.	Alanine	24-31	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	12-15
17693435-5	2007	Mutation of XPC K655 to alanine abolishes both UV-induced XPC modification and degradation.	Alanine	24-31	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
17120122-4	2006	The earliest amino acids, alanine and glycine, have been encoded by GCC and GGC codons, as today.	Alanine	26-33	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	68-71
16982605-2	2006	We have analyzed the underlying biochemical mechanism by carrying out alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the PKR activation domain of PACT.	Alanine	70-77	protein activator of interferon induced protein kinase EIF2AK2	Homo sapiens	131-135
16966328-3	2006	In the present study, the homologous serines of both nNOS (Ser-1176) and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) (Ser-942) were mutated to threonine and alanine.	Alanine	154-161	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
16966328-6	2006	The serine to alanine substitution caused both nNOS and eNOS to synthesize NO more slowly; however, the threonine mutants gave equal or slightly higher rates of NO production compared with the wild type enzymes.	Alanine	14-21	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
16966328-8	2006	However, the redox potentials of the FMN/FMNH* couple for alanine substitutions of both nNOS and eNOS are &gt;100 mV higher than those of wild type proteins and are positive.	Alanine	58-65	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
16840730-5	2006	Alanine scanning and crystallographic structural analysis of the CB3s/BR3 complex reveal that CB3s mimics BAFF by interacting with a similar region of the BR3 surface.	Alanine	0-7	CXB3S	Homo sapiens	65-69
16840730-5	2006	Alanine scanning and crystallographic structural analysis of the CB3s/BR3 complex reveal that CB3s mimics BAFF by interacting with a similar region of the BR3 surface.	Alanine	0-7	CXB3S	Homo sapiens	94-98
16840730-5	2006	Alanine scanning and crystallographic structural analysis of the CB3s/BR3 complex reveal that CB3s mimics BAFF by interacting with a similar region of the BR3 surface.	Alanine	0-7	TNF superfamily member 13b	Homo sapiens	106-110
18559878-3	2008	Here, we performed an alanine scanning mutagenesis of the TRP box of TRPV1 (IWKLQR) and found that mutation of this motif affected channel gating by raising the free energy of channel activation.	Alanine	22-29	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
18559878-4	2008	Functional characterization of TRPV1 mutants showed that substitution of I696, W697, and R701 by alanine severely affected voltage- and heat-dependent activation and notably reduced the capsaicin responsiveness and tachyphylaxia, while mutation of K698, L699, and Q700 had minor effects.	Alanine	97-104	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
18559878-6	2008	Taken together, our findings suggest that modification of I696, W697, and R701 to alanine altered channel function by affecting events downstream of the initial stimuli-sensing step and imply that intersubunit interactions within the TRP box play an important role in TRPV1 gating.	Alanine	82-89	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	268-273
18652489-6	2008	Here, we dissect this specificity with biochemical and X-ray crystallographic analysis of APPBP1-UBA3-NEDD8 complexes in which NEDD8"s residue 72 and UBA3"s residue 190 are substituted with different combinations of Ala, Arg, or Gln.	Alanine	216-219	ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
18652489-6	2008	Here, we dissect this specificity with biochemical and X-ray crystallographic analysis of APPBP1-UBA3-NEDD8 complexes in which NEDD8"s residue 72 and UBA3"s residue 190 are substituted with different combinations of Ala, Arg, or Gln.	Alanine	216-219	NEDD8 ubiquitin like modifier	Homo sapiens	102-107
18564179-4	2008	We compared the eukaryotic serine racemase with bacterial alanine racemase, the best-studied enzyme among the PLP-dependent amino acid racemases, and thus suggested a putative reaction mechanism for mammalian D-serine synthesis.	Alanine	58-65	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	110-113
18533892-0	2008	Fusion of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1-derived glycine-alanine repeat to trans-dominant HIV-1 Gag increases inhibitory activities and survival of transduced cells in vivo.	Alanine	63-70	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	102-105
17053781-5	2006	A constitutive negative (Arg/Ala) mutant of RIP140 was resistant to the effect of PRMT1, and a constitutive positive (Arg/Phe) mutation mimicked the effect of arginine methylation.	Alanine	29-32	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-50
19889875-5	2010	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was applied to the corresponding Arg residues in both the small and large subunits of maize endosperm AGPase to determine their roles in allosteric regulation and thermal stability.	Alanine	0-7	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	131-137
17010989-6	2006	Replacement of serines-23/24 (PKA sites) with alanine prevented cross-phosphorylation of these sites, reduced (32)P-incorporation into cTnI by half and resulted in myofilament Ca(2+) sensitization rather than desensitization in response to PKC-betaII.	Alanine	46-53	troponin I, cardiac 3	Mus musculus	135-139
19877579-5	2009	Here we show that Arg to Ala point mutagenesis of the heparin binding motif does not interrupt the folding of endostatin but significantly impairs the interaction between endostatin and nucleolin.	Alanine	25-28	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	186-195
16940047-5	2006	Eight basic residues located in the CTL ligand-binding region of MBP were hypothesized previously to mediate GAG binding, but we found that surface binding was not compromised by the substitution of these residues with alanine.	Alanine	219-226	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
18337477-5	2008	When the sequence corresponding to Val(373)-Ala(393) was grafted onto the i3 portion of a recycling-negative mutant of muscarinic M2 receptor with deletion of almost the whole of the i3 sequence, approximately 40% of the chimeric receptor on the cell surface was internalized, and more than 65% of the internalized receptors were recycled back to the cell surface.	Alanine	44-47	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	119-141
19203467-9	2008	These observations with tranylcypromine and PLZ support the hypothesis that an active metabolite of PLZ produced by the actions of MAO on this drug plays a major role in its GABA- and ALA-elevating actions.	Alanine	184-187	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
19877579-6	2009	Double and quadruple mutants showed significantly decreased internalization to endothelial cells and antitumor activities, while the hexad Arg to Ala mutant completely lost its interaction with nucleolin and biological functions.	Alanine	146-149	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	194-203
19654054-5	2009	Replacement of E186 (motif VI, ENV) and R230 (motif VIII, QxRxR) with alanine resulted in loss of methyltransferase activity without impairing DNA binding affinity.	Alanine	70-77	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	52-56
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18463259-5	2008	Through characterizing rTRPA1 and hTRPA1 chimeric channels and point mutations, we identified several residues in the upper portion of the S6 transmembrane domains as critical determinants of the opposite channel gating: Ala-946 and Met-949 of rTRPA1 determine channel activation, whereas equivalent residues of hTRPA1 (Ser-943 and Ile-946) determine channel block.	Alanine	221-224	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
18463259-5	2008	Through characterizing rTRPA1 and hTRPA1 chimeric channels and point mutations, we identified several residues in the upper portion of the S6 transmembrane domains as critical determinants of the opposite channel gating: Ala-946 and Met-949 of rTRPA1 determine channel activation, whereas equivalent residues of hTRPA1 (Ser-943 and Ile-946) determine channel block.	Alanine	221-224	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	312-318
16933053-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: A functional polymorphism at codon 16 (Alanine-to-Valine) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer and to modify the effects of oxidative stress.	Alanine	50-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	72-102
16933053-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: A functional polymorphism at codon 16 (Alanine-to-Valine) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer and to modify the effects of oxidative stress.	Alanine	50-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	104-109
19687511-3	2009	We prepared a dual mutant Lys2092/Phe2093 --&gt; Ala/Ala (fVIII(YFP 2092/93)) and 2 single mutants Lys2092 --&gt; Ala and Phe2093 --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	49-52	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	58-63
16835355-6	2006	Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the pore domain of Kv1.5 identified the amino acids Thr479, Thr480, Val505, Ile508, Val512, and Val516 as important residues for block by AVE0118.	Alanine	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	47-52
18088355-5	2008	Inhibition of SGK1 phosphorylation sites on SRF and CREB1 with alanine substitution significantly diminished SGK1-enhanced zif268 expression in the promoter-luciferase assay.	Alanine	63-70	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
18088355-5	2008	Inhibition of SGK1 phosphorylation sites on SRF and CREB1 with alanine substitution significantly diminished SGK1-enhanced zif268 expression in the promoter-luciferase assay.	Alanine	63-70	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
18385322-7	2008	A serine (S)-to-alanine (A) 327 mutant of SEPT5 bound syntaxin more efficiently than SEPT5 wild type.	Alanine	16-23	septin 5	Homo sapiens	42-47
16310386-1	2006	[Arg(91), Ala(96)] MBP(87-99) is an altered peptide ligand (APL) of myelin basic protein (MBP), shown to actively inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is studied as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS).	Alanine	10-13	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	19-22
19687511-3	2009	We prepared a dual mutant Lys2092/Phe2093 --&gt; Ala/Ala (fVIII(YFP 2092/93)) and 2 single mutants Lys2092 --&gt; Ala and Phe2093 --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	53-56	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	58-63
16310386-1	2006	[Arg(91), Ala(96)] MBP(87-99) is an altered peptide ligand (APL) of myelin basic protein (MBP), shown to actively inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is studied as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS).	Alanine	10-13	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	68-88
16310386-1	2006	[Arg(91), Ala(96)] MBP(87-99) is an altered peptide ligand (APL) of myelin basic protein (MBP), shown to actively inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is studied as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS).	Alanine	10-13	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	90-93
18021260-5	2008	Replacement of a single residue (His--&gt;Ala) in the catalytic center reduced the activity of HDACs 1 and 2 by 80%, and abolished HDAC3 activity; the mutant HDACs were expressed at similar levels and in the same multiprotein complexes as wild-type HDACs.	Alanine	42-45	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	131-136
19687511-3	2009	We prepared a dual mutant Lys2092/Phe2093 --&gt; Ala/Ala (fVIII(YFP 2092/93)) and 2 single mutants Lys2092 --&gt; Ala and Phe2093 --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	53-56	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	58-63
19687511-3	2009	We prepared a dual mutant Lys2092/Phe2093 --&gt; Ala/Ala (fVIII(YFP 2092/93)) and 2 single mutants Lys2092 --&gt; Ala and Phe2093 --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	53-56	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	58-63
16709897-6	2006	Coexpression of the CT of Cx43 as a distinct protein, treatment with a PKC inhibitor, or mutation of S368 to alanine, all reduced (or eliminated) phosphorylation at S368, reduced the incidence of 55- to 70-pS channels, and reduced by 10-fold the selective permeability of the junctions for a small cationic dye.	Alanine	109-116	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
19740738-5	2009	We show that a mutant of TBC1D1, in which several Akt sites have been converted to alanine, is considerably more inhibitory to insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation than wild-type TBC1D1.	Alanine	83-90	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	146-151
19708671-3	2009	Herein, we have created alanine mutants for each residue in the transmembrane domain of PLB, we have co-reconstituted these mutants with SERCA into proteoliposomes, and we have performed kinetic simulations of the calcium-dependent ATPase activity isotherms.	Alanine	24-31	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	88-91
16473877-7	2006	The interaction of Ggamma13 with the PDZ domain of PSD95 was via the C-terminal CAAX tail of Ggamma13 (where AA indicates the aliphatic amino acid); alanine substitution of the CTAL sequence at the C terminus of Ggamma13 abolished its interactions with PSD95 in two-hybrid and pull-down assays.	Alanine	149-156	G protein subunit gamma 13	Homo sapiens	19-27
16473877-7	2006	The interaction of Ggamma13 with the PDZ domain of PSD95 was via the C-terminal CAAX tail of Ggamma13 (where AA indicates the aliphatic amino acid); alanine substitution of the CTAL sequence at the C terminus of Ggamma13 abolished its interactions with PSD95 in two-hybrid and pull-down assays.	Alanine	149-156	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
18262359-13	2008	Competition between tyrosine and alanine for transport is shown to exist, probably between LAT1 and LAT2 isoforms.	Alanine	33-40	linker for activation of T cells family member 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
19507198-3	2009	Based on homology studies and the crystal structure of the NADP(H)-dependent yeast alcohol dehydrogenase Adh6, three adjacent residues (Glu(221), Ile(222), and Ala(223)) were predicted to be involved in the coenzyme specificity of Bdh1 and were altered by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	160-163	NADP-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	105-109
16379012-3	2006	We investigated the effect of an alanine to glycine substitution found in the NEMO polypeptide of an EDA-ID patient.	Alanine	33-40	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	101-104
19501819-1	2009	A cross-sectional comparative study among women who underwent surgical treatment for endometriosis revealed that frequency of the Ala/Ala genotype at aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) Pro185Ala polymorphism was three times higher (27.6% vs. 9.9%) in the younger group (&lt;or=30 years) than in the older group (&gt;30 years).	Alanine	130-133	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	150-185
16316992-6	2006	Full-length beta1AR robustly associated with full-length MAGI-3 in cells, and this association was abolished by mutation of the beta1AR terminal valine residue to alanine (V477A), as determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and immunofluorescence co-localization studies.	Alanine	163-170	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	12-19
16430207-4	2006	One residue, Arg(6), was found to be essential for receptor antagonism; its replacement with either alanine or lysine completely abolished the interaction between AF17121 and IL5Ralpha.	Alanine	100-107	interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	175-184
18184648-9	2008	Ala substitutions in the proximal tail disrupt the sex-specific binding of IX (Intersex), an obligatory partner protein and putative transcriptional coactivator; IX-DSX F interaction is, by contrast, not disrupted by truncation of the distal tail.	Alanine	0-3	intersex	Drosophila melanogaster	75-77
18184648-9	2008	Ala substitutions in the proximal tail disrupt the sex-specific binding of IX (Intersex), an obligatory partner protein and putative transcriptional coactivator; IX-DSX F interaction is, by contrast, not disrupted by truncation of the distal tail.	Alanine	0-3	intersex	Drosophila melanogaster	79-87
19501819-1	2009	A cross-sectional comparative study among women who underwent surgical treatment for endometriosis revealed that frequency of the Ala/Ala genotype at aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) Pro185Ala polymorphism was three times higher (27.6% vs. 9.9%) in the younger group (&lt;or=30 years) than in the older group (&gt;30 years).	Alanine	130-133	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	187-191
18039780-9	2008	When the carboxyl-terminal Tyr325 and Leu328 residues of the mammalian type I GnRH receptor were replaced with alanines, these two mutant receptors underwent significantly impaired internalization, suggesting a function for the Tyr-X-X-Leu sequence in mediating the constitutive agonist-independent internalization of mammalian type I GnRH receptors.	Alanine	111-119	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	71-91
19501819-1	2009	A cross-sectional comparative study among women who underwent surgical treatment for endometriosis revealed that frequency of the Ala/Ala genotype at aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) Pro185Ala polymorphism was three times higher (27.6% vs. 9.9%) in the younger group (&lt;or=30 years) than in the older group (&gt;30 years).	Alanine	134-137	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	150-185
19501819-1	2009	A cross-sectional comparative study among women who underwent surgical treatment for endometriosis revealed that frequency of the Ala/Ala genotype at aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) Pro185Ala polymorphism was three times higher (27.6% vs. 9.9%) in the younger group (&lt;or=30 years) than in the older group (&gt;30 years).	Alanine	134-137	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	187-191
16311052-1	2006	Amino acid (aa) residues (Val-67 and Ala-114) have been suggested as being mainly responsible for actin-binding in human and bovine deoxyribonucleases I (DNase I).	Alanine	37-40	deoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	154-161
19515828-7	2009	All Sho sequences contained an alanine-rich sequence homologous to a hydrophobic region with amyloidogenic characteristics in PrP.	Alanine	31-38	prion protein	Mus musculus	126-129
16251900-8	2006	The G to A transition at nucleotide 653 resulted in an Ala 156 (GCC) to Thr (ACC) replacement in the GPIX protein.	Alanine	55-58	glycoprotein IX platelet	Homo sapiens	101-105
18155240-6	2008	Multiple quadruple Ser-to-Ala and deletion mutations did not disrupt the phosphorylation of other sites regardless of position, suggesting that the active site of SRPK1 docks in a flexible manner at the center of the RS domain.	Alanine	26-29	SRSF protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
17989718-7	2008	When these two aspartates were mutated into alanines, more intriguingly, the apoptosis-amplified action of AML1-ETO induction completely disappeared, while inducible expression of the caspase-3-cleaved 70 kDa fragment of AML1-ETO after tetracycline removal is sufficient to enhance apoptotic sensitivity.	Alanine	44-52	RUNX1 partner transcriptional co-repressor 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
17989718-7	2008	When these two aspartates were mutated into alanines, more intriguingly, the apoptosis-amplified action of AML1-ETO induction completely disappeared, while inducible expression of the caspase-3-cleaved 70 kDa fragment of AML1-ETO after tetracycline removal is sufficient to enhance apoptotic sensitivity.	Alanine	44-52	RUNX1 partner transcriptional co-repressor 1	Homo sapiens	226-229
18246469-5	2008	This process requires the functions of the ABCA1 lipid transporter and LCAT, and it is promoted by substitution of hydrophobic residues in the 261 to 269 region of apoE by Ala.	Alanine	172-175	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Mus musculus	71-75
19767569-2	2009	HLA-DR1 molecules with alanine substitutions at each of the six conserved H- bonding positions were expressed in cells, and susceptibility to DM catalytic activity was evaluated by measuring the release of CLIP.	Alanine	23-30	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
16352559-2	2006	The binding site in CA for Ubc9 was mapped by deletion and alanine-scanning mutagenesis to a consensus motif for SUMOylation at residues 202 to 220, and the binding site for PIASy was mapped to residues 114 to 176, directly centered on the major homology region.	Alanine	59-66	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 I	Homo sapiens	27-31
19616780-1	2009	Poly(l-alanine)-grafted porous silica (Sil-Ala(22)) was prepared by polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride of l-alanine initiated by 3-aminopropylated silica.	Alanine	5-14	STIL centriolar assembly protein	Homo sapiens	39-42
16377779-5	2005	Alanine-mutagenesis of evolutionary conserved leucines in the coiled-coil region and the digestion of 7SK snRNA by RNase A treatment prevent this oligomerization.	Alanine	0-7	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	115-122
18932073-1	2008	The Hb Gerland [alpha 55(E4)Val-->Ala] mutation has been described in the alpha2-globin gene.	Alanine	34-37	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	74-87
17673295-6	2008	It was significant that the FcgammaRIIa consensus peptide sequence contained a Proline (Pro3), which when substituted with alanine abrogated FcgammaRIIa binding, consistent with Pro3 contributing to receptor binding.	Alanine	123-130	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	28-39
19545238-5	2009	We show that among the eight enzymes tested, only GPT (alanine transaminase) and PSAT1 (phosphoserine aminotransferase 1) can transaminate glyoxylate with good efficiency, using L-glutamate (and, for GPT, also L-alanine) as the best amino-group donor.	Alanine	210-219	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	50-53
17673295-6	2008	It was significant that the FcgammaRIIa consensus peptide sequence contained a Proline (Pro3), which when substituted with alanine abrogated FcgammaRIIa binding, consistent with Pro3 contributing to receptor binding.	Alanine	123-130	Fc gamma receptor IIa	Homo sapiens	141-152
18852889-3	2008	A single common coding variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 predisposes individuals to the development of Crohn"s disease: while ATG16L1 encoding threonine at amino acid position 300 (ATG16L1*300T) confers protection, ATG16L1 encoding for alanine instead of threonine (ATG16L1*300A, also known as T300A) mediates risk towards the development of Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	243-250	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
16322222-4	2005	In contrast, BT549 cells expressing galectin-3 incapable of being phosphorylated (Ser6--&gt;Glu Ser6--&gt;Ala) were nontumorigenic.	Alanine	106-109	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	36-46
19545238-5	2009	We show that among the eight enzymes tested, only GPT (alanine transaminase) and PSAT1 (phosphoserine aminotransferase 1) can transaminate glyoxylate with good efficiency, using L-glutamate (and, for GPT, also L-alanine) as the best amino-group donor.	Alanine	210-219	phosphoserine aminotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
16356863-3	2005	Consistent with this observation, independent mutational studies reveal that alanine substitutions of residues in the CDR1 loop of CD8beta have no effect on CD8alphabeta coreceptor function, whereas mutations in CD8beta CDR2 and CDR3 loops abolish CD8alphabeta coreceptor activity.	Alanine	77-84	cerebellar degeneration related antigen 1	Mus musculus	118-122
19545238-5	2009	We show that among the eight enzymes tested, only GPT (alanine transaminase) and PSAT1 (phosphoserine aminotransferase 1) can transaminate glyoxylate with good efficiency, using L-glutamate (and, for GPT, also L-alanine) as the best amino-group donor.	Alanine	210-219	phosphoserine aminotransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-120
19419994-10	2009	Ser-to-Ala mutation at this site enhanced baseline CFTR activity and rendered CFTR resistant to inhibition by AMPK, suggesting that AMPK phosphorylation at Ser768 is required for its inhibition of CFTR.	Alanine	7-10	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
17764672-4	2007	In order to determine the role of certain conserved, positively charged amino acids in the nucleotide binding domains (NBD-1-4) of hP2X(3) receptors for agonist binding, the lysine-63, -65, -176 and -299 as well as the arginine-281 and -295 residues were substituted by the neutral amino acid alanine.	Alanine	293-300	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	131-138
19419994-10	2009	Ser-to-Ala mutation at this site enhanced baseline CFTR activity and rendered CFTR resistant to inhibition by AMPK, suggesting that AMPK phosphorylation at Ser768 is required for its inhibition of CFTR.	Alanine	7-10	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
19301156-4	2009	Mutagenized vasodilator associated phosphoprotein (VASP) was produced by generating two PCR fragments representing the upstream and downstream portions of the gene, substituting alanine or glutamate residues for VASP serine239.	Alanine	178-185	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	12-49
17715399-7	2007	Alanine scanning mutagenesis demonstrated that positively charged amino acids in CL-3 were critical for NPM binding.	Alanine	0-7	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3	Homo sapiens	81-85
17715399-7	2007	Alanine scanning mutagenesis demonstrated that positively charged amino acids in CL-3 were critical for NPM binding.	Alanine	0-7	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
15994199-3	2005	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the N-terminal juxtamembrane segment of the V1aR, we now establish that Glu54 (1.35) is critical for arginine vasopressin binding.	Alanine	6-13	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	82-86
19301156-4	2009	Mutagenized vasodilator associated phosphoprotein (VASP) was produced by generating two PCR fragments representing the upstream and downstream portions of the gene, substituting alanine or glutamate residues for VASP serine239.	Alanine	178-185	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	51-55
19389404-2	2009	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was previously performed to identify the amino acid sequence requirements of BLIP for binding the TEM-1, SME-1, SHV-1, and Bla1 beta-lactamases.	Alanine	0-7	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	127-132
16198348-2	2005	Here, we demonstrated that mutation of any one of the absolutely conserved four histidine and one glutamic acid residues to alanine in RPE65 abolished its isomerohydrolase activity.	Alanine	124-131	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	135-140
17681953-5	2007	In cells, recombinant CUX1 proteins in which the region of cleavage was deleted or in which Asp residues were mutated to Ala, were not proteolytically processed.	Alanine	121-124	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
17486076-5	2007	GSK3beta and p38 was demonstrated to phosphorylate cyclin D2 on Thr280 in vitro, while a cyclin D2 mutant with this residue substituted with Ala was found to be resistant to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation in 32Dcl3 cells.	Alanine	141-144	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	13-16
16076846-6	2005	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues predicted to line a transmembrane domain binding pocket in hT1R3 identified six residues specifically involved in responsiveness to cyclamate.	Alanine	0-7	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	100-105
19375133-2	2009	Initial studies in C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that increasing or decreasing bioavailable IGF-I within muscle by local administration of either Leu(24) Ala(31) IGF-I or IGF binding protein 1, respectively, produced proportional changes in surrogate markers (eg, phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1) of protein synthesis.	Alanine	150-153	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	88-93
16234850-6	2005	A database search for proteins potentially regulated by oxygen tension revealed that ALAS2 contained a sequence of amino acids (LXXLAP where L is leucine, X is any amino acid, A is alanine, and P is proline) not occurring in ALAS1, which may be hydroxylated under normoxic conditions (21% O2) and target the enzyme for ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome.	Alanine	181-188	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
19358829-6	2009	A triple alanine substitution of the DDL motif within the LOX-1 scavenger receptor substantially reduced endocytosis of OxLDL.	Alanine	9-16	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
16166381-2	2005	To directly address this issue, we have established viable and fertile knock-in mice, whose rpS6 contains alanine substitutions at all five phosphorylatable serine residues (rpS6(P-/-)).	Alanine	106-113	ribosomal protein S6	Mus musculus	92-96
17614255-5	2007	Surprisingly, PrKX reversibly associates with RII when changing P(0) from serine to alanine.	Alanine	84-91	protein kinase X-linked	Homo sapiens	14-18
19479038-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Mice, whose ribosomal protein S6 cannot be phosphorylated due to replacement of all five phosphorylatable serine residues by alanines (rpS6(P-/-)), are viable and fertile.	Alanine	137-145	ribosomal protein S6	Mus musculus	147-151
17628794-4	2007	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 16, occurring in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increase in urolithiasis risk.	Alanine	18-25	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
17628794-4	2007	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 16, occurring in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increase in urolithiasis risk.	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
17636025-5	2007	Rendering GDI-1 phosphodefective with a Ser96 --&gt; Ala substitution rescued the inhibitory activity of GDI-1 toward RhoA but did not alter the thrombin-induced activation of other Rho GTPases, i.e., Rac1 and Cdc42.	Alanine	53-56	GDP dissociation inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
17636025-5	2007	Rendering GDI-1 phosphodefective with a Ser96 --&gt; Ala substitution rescued the inhibitory activity of GDI-1 toward RhoA but did not alter the thrombin-induced activation of other Rho GTPases, i.e., Rac1 and Cdc42.	Alanine	53-56	GDP dissociation inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
17636025-5	2007	Rendering GDI-1 phosphodefective with a Ser96 --&gt; Ala substitution rescued the inhibitory activity of GDI-1 toward RhoA but did not alter the thrombin-induced activation of other Rho GTPases, i.e., Rac1 and Cdc42.	Alanine	53-56	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	210-215
16122388-8	2005	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the fragment S319-518 resulted in the identification of ten residues (K390, R426, D429, T431, I455, N473, F483, Q492, Y494, R495) that significantly reduced binding to ACE2, and one residue (D393) that appears to increase binding.	Alanine	0-7	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	200-204
16081073-6	2005	Replacing this residue with a neutral alanine or isoleucine, caused a dramatic decrease in CERK activity to 1% and 29%, respectively, compared to CERK, but had no effect on substrate affinity.	Alanine	38-45	ceramide kinase	Homo sapiens	91-95
16081073-6	2005	Replacing this residue with a neutral alanine or isoleucine, caused a dramatic decrease in CERK activity to 1% and 29%, respectively, compared to CERK, but had no effect on substrate affinity.	Alanine	38-45	ceramide kinase	Homo sapiens	146-150
19272411-7	2009	CONCLUSIONS: As the mutated glycine occupies an unrestricted region of the Ramachandran plot the additional stereo-chemical restrictions imposed on alanine residues strongly support our hypothesis that significant structural rearrangement of Pdx1 is required during the transition from hexamer to dodecamer.	Alanine	148-155	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	242-246
16051872-6	2005	Recombinant viruses encoding arginine-to-alanine mutations in the p32-binding region of capsid exhibited altered plaque morphology and replicated to lower titers.	Alanine	41-48	complement C1q binding protein	Homo sapiens	66-69
17609201-5	2007	Site-specific Ser to Ala substitution identified amino acid residues Ser333/Ser337 as the likely PKA/GSK-3beta phosphorylation site.	Alanine	21-24	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	101-110
17626895-10	2007	PKG-mediated inhibition of Ca(v)1.2 current was significantly reduced by coexpression of an alanine-substituted Ca(v)1.2 beta(2a) subunit (Ser(496)).	Alanine	92-99	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	27-35
17626895-10	2007	PKG-mediated inhibition of Ca(v)1.2 current was significantly reduced by coexpression of an alanine-substituted Ca(v)1.2 beta(2a) subunit (Ser(496)).	Alanine	92-99	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	112-120
19317468-5	2009	The procedure is successfully demonstrated on a sample of a protein, Galectin-3, selectively labeled with (15)N at all alanine residues.	Alanine	119-126	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	69-79
17556356-2	2007	ERRalpha is constitutively active, because its ligand binding pocket (LBP) is practically filled with side chains (in particular with Phe(328), which is replaced by Ala in ERRbeta and ERRgamma).	Alanine	165-168	estrogen related receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	184-192
17690477-2	2007	We have identified two Cys residues in mouse Slc10a2 (Cys(51) and Cys(106)) the replacement of which by Ala remarkably reduces taurocholic acid (TCA) transport.	Alanine	104-107	solute carrier family 10, member 2	Mus musculus	45-52
15703304-2	2005	The cytoplasmic domain of Siglec-7 contains two signaling motifs: a membrane-proximal immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) (Ile435-Gln-Tyr-Ala-Pro-Leu440) and a membrane-distal motif (Asn458-Glu-Tyr-Ser-Glu-Ile463).	Alanine	156-159	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 7	Homo sapiens	26-34
15964933-4	2005	On the basis of the kinetic parameters, a highly efficient peptide substrate for PKCbeta (K(m)value below 100 nM) FRRRRSFRRR and its alanine substituted pseudosubstrate-analog inhibitor (K(i) value of 76 nM) were designed.	Alanine	133-140	protein kinase C beta	Homo sapiens	81-88
15934941-7	2005	Triple mutant FoxO1, in which three Akt/PKB phosphorylation sites (Thr24, Ser256 and Ser319) were mutated to alanine, resulted in the complete nuclear targeting of the expressed FoxO1-GFP fusion protein in the presence of the above neurotrophic factors in both PC12 cells and cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons.	Alanine	109-116	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
17548045-4	2007	The CD23-based substrate, Dabcyl-His-Gly-Asp-Gln-Met-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ser-Lys(Fam)-NH2, is more selective, being hydrolyzed efficiently only by ADAM8 and ADAM10.	Alanine	53-56	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	4-8
19751316-10	2009	EMPA significantly reversed [Ala(11),D-Leu(15)]orexin-B-induced hyperlocomotion dose-dependently during the resting phase in mice.	Alanine	29-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-55
17548045-4	2007	The CD23-based substrate, Dabcyl-His-Gly-Asp-Gln-Met-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ser-Lys(Fam)-NH2, is more selective, being hydrolyzed efficiently only by ADAM8 and ADAM10.	Alanine	53-56	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	149-155
17504756-4	2007	Substitution of Ala for the Thr to which O-fucose is attached led to functional inactivation of both human and mouse Cripto.	Alanine	16-19	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1	Mus musculus	117-123
17502353-4	2007	Alteration of S138 to an alanine residue impaired T-cell activation-induced ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Bcl10, ultimately resulting in prolongation of TCR-mediated NF-kappaB activation and enhancement of interleukin-2 production.	Alanine	25-32	BCL10 immune signaling adaptor	Homo sapiens	121-126
15934941-7	2005	Triple mutant FoxO1, in which three Akt/PKB phosphorylation sites (Thr24, Ser256 and Ser319) were mutated to alanine, resulted in the complete nuclear targeting of the expressed FoxO1-GFP fusion protein in the presence of the above neurotrophic factors in both PC12 cells and cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons.	Alanine	109-116	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
15772086-7	2005	Mutating either of these side chains to alanine elicits a severe 10-20-fold inhibition of chain synthesis that is caused by compromised binding of the acceptor ubiquitin to Mms2.	Alanine	40-47	ubiquitin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	160-169
15772086-7	2005	Mutating either of these side chains to alanine elicits a severe 10-20-fold inhibition of chain synthesis that is caused by compromised binding of the acceptor ubiquitin to Mms2.	Alanine	40-47	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein MMS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	173-177
19708161-1	2009	In this combined bioinformatics, molecular dynamics (MD), and density functional theory study, mechanisms for the hydrolytic cleavage of Val-Ile and Ala-Thr peptide bonds of amyloid precursor protein by the intramembrane aspartyl protease presenilin 1 (PS1) have been elucidated.	Alanine	149-152	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	253-256
19708161-4	2009	The general acid/base mechanism utilized by PS1 is divided into the following two steps: (1) formation of the gem-diol intermediate, and (2) cleavage of the Val-Ile or Ala-Thr peptide bond.	Alanine	168-171	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
19095655-6	2009	Replacement of both serines by alanines (i) reduced phosphorylation of the R domain, with Ser(768) having dramatically greater impact, (ii) produced CFTR channels that were partially open in the absence of any stimulation, (iii) significantly augmented their activation by IBMX/forskolin, and (iv) eliminated CFTR inhibition post AMPK activation.	Alanine	31-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	330-334
19071139-3	2009	A single active-site mutation of the tryptophan to an alanine in Staphylococcus aureus Trx converts the oxidized protein into a biologically inactive domain-swapped dimer.	Alanine	54-61	AT695_RS07555	Staphylococcus aureus	87-90
15713677-6	2005	Mutation of cysteine 192 to glycine, alanine, or serine blocks the ability of RhoB to suppress transforming growth factor beta type II receptor, p2lwaf, and AP-1 promoter transcriptional activities.	Alanine	37-44	ras homolog family member B	Homo sapiens	78-82
15609317-3	2005	An SNP, Thr706Ala, in the POLI gene encoding another translesion DNA polymerase was associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma risk, particularly in individuals of ages &lt; 61 years (OR Ala/Ala + Ala/Thr vs. Thr/Thr = 1.5 and 2.4, respectively).	Alanine	14-17	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	26-30
17519285-4	2007	Either or both of the highly conserved proline residues in the Cdk1 phosphorylation consensus sequence motifs were mutated to alanine (Cdc27 P304A or P456A).	Alanine	126-133	Cell division cycle 27	Drosophila melanogaster	135-140
18948078-1	2009	Previous work has demonstrated that replacing individual arginine (R) residues in the S4 domain of Kv4.3 with alanine (A) not only altered activation and deactivation processes, but also those of closed-state inactivation (CSI) and recovery.	Alanine	110-117	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Homo sapiens	99-104
17489562-10	2007	Mutations of other residues in CR1 to alanine led to partial to complete loss of protein expression and activity except for P59.	Alanine	38-45	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-34
15609317-3	2005	An SNP, Thr706Ala, in the POLI gene encoding another translesion DNA polymerase was associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma risk, particularly in individuals of ages &lt; 61 years (OR Ala/Ala + Ala/Thr vs. Thr/Thr = 1.5 and 2.4, respectively).	Alanine	203-206	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	26-30
15609317-3	2005	An SNP, Thr706Ala, in the POLI gene encoding another translesion DNA polymerase was associated with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma risk, particularly in individuals of ages &lt; 61 years (OR Ala/Ala + Ala/Thr vs. Thr/Thr = 1.5 and 2.4, respectively).	Alanine	203-206	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	26-30
15721295-3	2005	In the interaction, Ser-746 of Par3beta and the corresponding residue of Par3alpha (Ser-814) likely play a crucial role, since replacement of these residues by unphosphorylatable alanine results in a loss of interacting activity.	Alanine	179-186	par-3 family cell polarity regulator	Homo sapiens	73-82
19137435-6	2009	Alanine replacement of aspartic acids 11, 16, and 17 within the full-length p26 prevented TA but did not impair subcellular localization and the symptom expression.	Alanine	0-7	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
15797719-3	2005	In glucose-stimulated INS-1 pancreatic beta cells, mutations of S259, S266, and S274 to alanines inhibited the ability of NeuroD to activate the insulin promoter.	Alanine	88-96	neurogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	122-128
15647289-10	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 also inhibited the forskolin-induced up-regulation of interleukin 6 production in RAW264.7 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide.	Alanine	14-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	18-22
15649894-6	2005	Functional analysis of the TM 1 and 11 mutants of hENT1 and CeENT1 revealed that Ala and Thr in the TM 1 and 11 positions, respectively, impaired uridine and adenosine transport and that Leu442 of hENT1 was involved in permeant selectivity.	Alanine	81-84	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-55
17435220-4	2007	We created a novel allele of ZIP1, zip1-4LA, in which four leucine residues in the central coiled-coil domain have been replaced by alanines.	Alanine	132-140	Zip1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
17435220-4	2007	We created a novel allele of ZIP1, zip1-4LA, in which four leucine residues in the central coiled-coil domain have been replaced by alanines.	Alanine	132-140	Zip1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
17449140-4	2007	Further, gts1Delta transformed with a mutant Gts1p having two cysteine-to-alanine substitutions in a zinc finger resembling that of GTPase-activating proteins of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARF-GAP) neither recovered the LY uptake unlike gts1Delta transformed with the wild-type GTS1, nor reduced the average size of central vacuoles as much as the latter did.	Alanine	74-81	Gts1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-50
15649894-6	2005	Functional analysis of the TM 1 and 11 mutants of hENT1 and CeENT1 revealed that Ala and Thr in the TM 1 and 11 positions, respectively, impaired uridine and adenosine transport and that Leu442 of hENT1 was involved in permeant selectivity.	Alanine	81-84	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	197-202
19826919-6	2009	RT-PCR analysis with transgenic (PR-1a or PDF 1.2 over expressing) Arabidopsis plant showed more enhanced expression of resistance genes PR-1a and PDF 1.2 upon combined treatment with Ala and EXTN-1 than either alone.	Alanine	184-187	plant defensin 1.2	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-49
15760475-9	2005	RESULTS: An alanine scan of all Ser, Thr and Tyr residues of human HSF1 was carried out using a validated transactivation assay, and residues phosphorylated in HSF1 were identified by mass spectrometry and sequencing.	Alanine	12-19	heat shock transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
15461586-7	2005	The inhibitory effect of UDP on the XT-I activity of C561A (Cys561--&gt;Ala) mutant enzyme was significantly reduced compared with all other tested cysteine mutants.	Alanine	72-75	xylosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
17484864-1	2007	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous DNA polymorphisms identified association of a threonine-to-alanine substitution (T300A) in the autophagy-related 16-like gene ATG16L1 with Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	130-137	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	197-204
19347242-2	2009	Tyrosine phosphorylated Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala motif in CagA (CagA-P) plays a critical role in the morphological transformation of cells.	Alanine	40-43	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	53-57
17329249-3	2007	beta-Arrestin 2 reduced thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated inositol phosphate production and accelerated internalization of the wild type receptor but not receptor mutants where the critical phosphosites were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	232-235	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
17442112-7	2007	When present, this specific codon determines the presence of an alanine residue, at the exon 3/exon 4 junction of the CYYR1 mRNA.	Alanine	64-71	cysteine and tyrosine rich 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
15765450-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import.	Alanine	61-68	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	134-164
15765450-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import.	Alanine	61-68	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	166-171
15765450-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import.	Alanine	70-73	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	134-164
15765450-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import.	Alanine	70-73	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	166-171
15574432-11	2005	Residues Met-361 and Ala-365 of 2MBCD appear to partially substitute for the function of Tyr-380 in human SBCAD, binding the methyl branch linked to C2 of 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, whereas residues Val-88, Val-92, and Val-96 appear to bind the distal C4 methyl group.	Alanine	21-24	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short/branched chain	Homo sapiens	106-111
15556946-8	2005	Mutation of two leucine residues in the NES motif to alanine, or three adjacent Ser/Thr residues to the phosphomimetic Asp, results in constitutively nuclear IRF-5 and suggests that phosphorylation of adjacent Ser/Thr residues may contribute to IRF-5 nuclear accumulation in virus-induced cells.	Alanine	53-60	interferon regulatory factor 5	Homo sapiens	158-163
17420447-5	2007	Mutation of PAK1 phosphorylation sites on ILK to alanine reduced cell motility and cell proliferation.	Alanine	49-56	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
19347242-2	2009	Tyrosine phosphorylated Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala motif in CagA (CagA-P) plays a critical role in the morphological transformation of cells.	Alanine	40-43	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	59-65
17510490-6	2007	Interestingly, neutral amino acid transporter ASCT1, which preferentially transports alanine, serine, cysteine, and threonine, was selectively expressed in Phgdh-negative tubular segments, i.e., the distal tubule and collecting duct.	Alanine	85-92	3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	156-161
19132534-5	2008	Mutation of the seven consecutive glutamic acid residues (residues 108-114) at the C-terminal region of synaphin to alanines or glutamines resulted in a dramatic reduction in synaptotagmin 1 binding activity.	Alanine	116-124	synaptotagmin 1	Homo sapiens	175-190
17414326-8	2007	Fine specificities were measured using targets loaded with alanine-substituted CAP1 peptide.	Alanine	59-66	cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
16080294-5	2005	At the peptide level this mutation (A95T) substitutes an Alanine residue by a Threonine at position 95 of the Noggin protein.	Alanine	57-64	noggin	Homo sapiens	110-116
15717845-3	2005	The present experiments were aimed to determine the effect of cAMP on leptin secretion stimulated by glucose, alanine or leucine in the presence of insulin.	Alanine	110-117	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
19132534-6	2008	Furthermore, a peptide from the C-terminus of synaphin (residues 91-124) blocked the binding of synaptotagmin 1 to synaphin, an effect that was abolished by mutating the consecutive glutamic acid residues to alanine.	Alanine	208-215	synaptotagmin 1	Homo sapiens	96-111
15717845-7	2005	Activation of this enzyme by dibutyryl-cAMP (1 mmol/l) substantially restricted leptin secretion stimulated by glucose, alanine and leucine.	Alanine	120-127	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
15717845-8	2005	The inhibitory influence of dibutyryl-cAMP on leptin secretion was totally (in the case of stimulation induced by glucose) or partially (in the case of stimulation by alanine and leucine) suppressed by H-89.	Alanine	167-174	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
15717845-9	2005	These results demonstrate that leptin secretion induced by glucose, alanine and leucine is profoundly attenuated by cAMP in PKA-dependent manner.	Alanine	68-75	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
17276401-4	2007	Mutation of this amino acid into alanine or aspartic acid stabilized binding to MyD88, Tollip, and IRAK-4, allowing the definitive experimental proof, that all these interactions are mediated by the death domain of IRAK-1.	Alanine	33-40	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	80-85
17276401-4	2007	Mutation of this amino acid into alanine or aspartic acid stabilized binding to MyD88, Tollip, and IRAK-4, allowing the definitive experimental proof, that all these interactions are mediated by the death domain of IRAK-1.	Alanine	33-40	toll interacting protein	Homo sapiens	87-93
18668687-10	2008	The mutation of threonine 442 of FXR to alanine yielded a dominant negative protein, whereas the phosphomimetic conversion to glutamate resulted in FXR with enhanced activity and nuclear localization.	Alanine	40-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
17276401-4	2007	Mutation of this amino acid into alanine or aspartic acid stabilized binding to MyD88, Tollip, and IRAK-4, allowing the definitive experimental proof, that all these interactions are mediated by the death domain of IRAK-1.	Alanine	33-40	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	215-221
15611301-2	2005	To understand the structural requirements for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tpt1 activity, we performed an alanine-scanning mutational analysis of 14 amino acids that are conserved in homologous proteins from fungi, metazoa, protozoa, bacteria, and archaea.	Alanine	102-109	tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	71-75
19015526-6	2008	The mutation of Ser(72) on p53R2 to alanine results in the hyperubiquitination of p53R2 and reduces p53R2 stability.	Alanine	36-43	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B	Homo sapiens	27-32
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	36-45
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	81-90
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	81-90
15375167-5	2004	In silico modeling followed by mutagenesis and the in vitro and cell-based binding studies showed that the His(171)-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Asp(176) and Val(223)-Arg-Asn(224) peptide sequences of MT1-MMP are directly involved in the binding with C1q.	Alanine	128-131	matrix metallopeptidase 14	Homo sapiens	188-195
15239671-7	2004	The activities of the Ser-Ala substitution mutant S650A (Ser-650--&gt;Ala) was found to be identical with wild-type AR activation in four different cell lines and three different functional analyses, e.g. transactivation, N- and C-terminal-domain interaction and co-activation by transcriptional intermediary factor 2.	Alanine	26-29	nuclear receptor coactivator 2	Homo sapiens	280-317
17363596-3	2007	Expression of dominant-negative Smad1, in which serines at the COOH-terminal SSVS motif are converted to alanines, suppressed MIS-induced Smad1 phosphorylation and impaired MIS-stimulated Gro-beta promoter-driven reporter expression and Gro-beta mRNA.	Alanine	105-113	SMAD family member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
17197697-2	2007	Although a point mutation changing lysine 134 to arginine (K134R) in IRAK abolished IL-1-induced IRAK ubiquitination and degradation, mutations of serines and threonines adjacent to lysine 134 to alanines ((S/T)A (131-144)) reduced IL-1-induced IRAK phosphorylation and abolished IRAK ubiquitination.	Alanine	196-204	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
17214959-3	2007	Substitution of first arginine residue with alanine in Tat basic domain (M-Tat) severely reduced cellular uptake of the peptide (3.8 times less than Tat).	Alanine	44-51	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
19015526-6	2008	The mutation of Ser(72) on p53R2 to alanine results in the hyperubiquitination of p53R2 and reduces p53R2 stability.	Alanine	36-43	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B	Homo sapiens	82-87
19015526-6	2008	The mutation of Ser(72) on p53R2 to alanine results in the hyperubiquitination of p53R2 and reduces p53R2 stability.	Alanine	36-43	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B	Homo sapiens	82-87
17214959-3	2007	Substitution of first arginine residue with alanine in Tat basic domain (M-Tat) severely reduced cellular uptake of the peptide (3.8 times less than Tat).	Alanine	44-51	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	75-78
15474075-11	2004	It appears that the negative feedback effect of AHRR on dioxin-related signaling is weaker for the proline allele than for the alanine allele, and that the hypomorphic function of the proline allele exerts a recessive adverse effect on male fertility.	Alanine	127-134	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	48-52
18981164-7	2008	Repertoires of T cell memory are discussed in the context of clonal diversity, where poly-Gly/Ala runs in the CDR3 of alpha- and beta-chains might provide high levels of TCR flexibility during Ag recognition while gene-encoded CDR1 and CDR2 contribute to the fine specificity of the TCR-peptide MHC interaction.	Alanine	94-97	CDR3	Homo sapiens	110-114
17214959-3	2007	Substitution of first arginine residue with alanine in Tat basic domain (M-Tat) severely reduced cellular uptake of the peptide (3.8 times less than Tat).	Alanine	44-51	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	75-78
18981164-7	2008	Repertoires of T cell memory are discussed in the context of clonal diversity, where poly-Gly/Ala runs in the CDR3 of alpha- and beta-chains might provide high levels of TCR flexibility during Ag recognition while gene-encoded CDR1 and CDR2 contribute to the fine specificity of the TCR-peptide MHC interaction.	Alanine	94-97	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	236-240
18799624-0	2008	Actin filament assembly by myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate signaling is critical for dendrite branching.	Alanine	41-48	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	27-40
16961436-7	2007	Control cells expressing human melanopsin, where the Schiff-base lysine has been mutated to alanine, show no responses to light.	Alanine	92-99	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	31-41
16977453-9	2007	A single amino acid change, from alanine to threonine, within this NLS found in the Arabidopsis abi3-7 mutant prevents transcription of AtEm1 and AtEm6 in vivo.	Alanine	33-40	Stress induced protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	136-141
15458438-8	2004	Asc-1 mediates a substantial efflux of alanine in a facilitated diffusion mode of transport.	Alanine	39-46	solute carrier family 7 member 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
18713736-7	2008	Replacing the acidic amino acids within GPIHBP1 residues 38-48 with alanine eliminated the ability of GPIHBP1 to bind LPL and chylomicrons.	Alanine	68-75	glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	40-47
15476160-11	2004	The h(new-1) (nt586 c-->t) allele has a point mutation at nt 586 C to T, which leads a nonsense mutation Gln(CAG) to stop (TAG).The second h (new-2) (nt328 g-->a) has an nt328 G to A missense mutation,which leads Ala (GCC),was replaced by Thr (ACC) at 110 amino acid position.	Alanine	213-216	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	218-221
18713736-7	2008	Replacing the acidic amino acids within GPIHBP1 residues 38-48 with alanine eliminated the ability of GPIHBP1 to bind LPL and chylomicrons.	Alanine	68-75	glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1	Cricetulus griseus	102-109
18825755-4	2008	In silico predictions based on extensive molecular dynamics simulations were experimentally tested by the recombinant expression and functional analysis of CIIC1scFv containing alanine replacements allowing the identification of crucial CII-binding sites in the CDR2 and CDR3 regions of both heavy and light chains.	Alanine	177-184	cerebellar degeneration-related 2	Mus musculus	262-266
15247212-8	2004	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the GLUT4 amino terminus demonstrated that Phe(5) and Ile(8) within the FQQI motif and, to a lesser extent, Asp(12)/Gly(13) were necessary for the appropriate initial trafficking following biosynthesis.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
17182854-7	2007	Furthermore, expression of the GRASP family member GRASP55 after alanine substitution of its MEK1-dependent mitotic phosphorylation sites inhibited both late G(2) Golgi unlinking and the G(2)/M transition.	Alanine	65-72	golgi reassembly stacking protein 2	Homo sapiens	51-58
18643977-7	2008	An alanine scan through the recognition site peptide indicated that AtSBT1.1 is fairly specific for the AtPSK4 precursor.	Alanine	3-10	phytosulfokine 4 precursor	Arabidopsis thaliana	104-110
17192491-4	2007	The present study aimed to determine whether a valine/alanine polymorphism in MnSOD (V16A, rs4880), alone or in combination with smoking, can contribute to development of diabetic nephropathy in 1,510 Finnish and Swedish patients with type 1 diabetes.	Alanine	54-61	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
15311153-8	2004	Plasmin generation in the presence of variant fibrinogens was similar, although not identical, to normal, and plasmin generation in the presence of variant fibrins was impaired for the Asp to Ala variants.	Alanine	192-195	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	110-117
15454564-1	2004	The N-terminal alanine residues of the silencing protein Sir3 and of Orc1 are acetylated by the NatA Nalpha-acetyltransferase.	Alanine	15-22	origin recognition complex subunit 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
15308704-4	2004	To investigate the role of the UL44 connector loop, we replaced each of its amino acids (amino acids 129 to 140) with alanine.	Alanine	118-125	DNA polymerase processivity subunit	Human betaherpesvirus 5	31-35
18479248-3	2008	To test the role of these motifs in the biosynthetic transport of p40, we replaced the most critical residues of these consensus sequences, the tyrosine residue or the leucine-leucine pair, by alanine or alanine-valine respectively.	Alanine	193-200	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	66-69
15177932-4	2004	Results obtained using high osmolarity and dominant-negative beta-arrestin confirmed that internalization of AT1 in both CHO-K1 and HEK 293 cells is predominately via clathrin-mediated endocytosis involving beta-arrestin, and substitution of T332, S335, T336 and S338 with alanine to preclude phosphorylation markedly attenuated AT1 internalization.	Alanine	273-280	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
17579260-3	2007	The activity of TAFI is strongly influenced by genetic polymorphism, especially at amino acids Thr/Ala-147 and Thr/Ile-325.	Alanine	99-102	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	16-20
17176056-3	2006	On the basis of the structure of the FGF-1-FGFR1 complex, we substituted four key amino acid residues of FGF-1 from the FGF-receptor binding site with alanines, constructing four point mutants and one double mutant.	Alanine	151-159	fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Mus musculus	43-48
18617512-4	2008	Once co-overexpressed with TAB1, TAK1 mutant with alanine substitution of these two residues fails to activate IKKbeta-mediated NFkappaB and JNK-mediated AP-1, whereas TAK1 mutant with replacement of these two sites with acidic residues acts like the TAK1 wild type.	Alanine	50-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	33-37
18617512-5	2008	Consistently, TAK1 mutant with alanine substitution of these two residues severely inhibits IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities, whereas TAK1 mutant with replacement of these two sites with acidic residues slightly enhances IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities compared with the TAK1 wild-type.	Alanine	31-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	14-18
18617512-5	2008	Consistently, TAK1 mutant with alanine substitution of these two residues severely inhibits IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities, whereas TAK1 mutant with replacement of these two sites with acidic residues slightly enhances IL-1-induced NFkappaB and AP-1 activities compared with the TAK1 wild-type.	Alanine	31-38	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	92-96
17165790-4	2006	The second key finding of this study is that the mechanism of racemization of an alanine zwitterion in water is altered from an essentially concerted process to a stepwise reaction by formation of an external aldimine adduct with the PLP cofactor.	Alanine	81-88	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	234-237
15274625-4	2004	Here, we demonstrate that mutation of isoleucine-11 of hGSTA2-2, a residue located in the hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of the enzyme, to alanine (which is present in the same position in hGSTA1-1) results in about a 7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency for (+)-anti-BPDE-GSH conjugation.	Alanine	152-159	glutathione S-transferase alpha 1	Homo sapiens	202-210
18617512-7	2008	Reconstitution of TAK1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblast cells with wild-type TAK1 or a TAK1 mutant containing threonine 178 and 184 to alanine mutations revealed the importance of these two sites in IL-1-mediated IKK-NFkappaB and JNK-AP-1 activation as well as IL-1-induced IL-6 gene expression.	Alanine	136-143	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	18-22
18621031-5	2008	In the presence of alanine, glycine uptake was completely blocked by the GlyT1 inhibitors ALX 5407 and sarcosine, suggesting that the high-affinity glycine uptake occurs predominantly via GlyT1.	Alanine	19-26	hematopoietic SH2 domain containing	Homo sapiens	90-93
15298678-5	2004	Mutations of both the Ser residues to Ala completely abolished MAPK-mediated mCRY2 phosphorylation, suggesting that the two residues are the principal phosphorylation sites in mCRY2.	Alanine	38-41	cryptochrome 2 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	77-82
18670082-2	2008	We have also showed that mutation of negatively charged aspartic acid to neutral charged alanine exhibited constitutive activity of beta(1)-AR.	Alanine	89-96	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	132-142
15298678-5	2004	Mutations of both the Ser residues to Ala completely abolished MAPK-mediated mCRY2 phosphorylation, suggesting that the two residues are the principal phosphorylation sites in mCRY2.	Alanine	38-41	cryptochrome 2 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	176-181
15298679-4	2004	However, full-length Taf1p and untruncated derivatives are produced in yeast when several Met-to-Ala mutations are introduced in the carboxy-terminus of TAND.	Alanine	97-100	histone acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-26
15163661-5	2004	Id1 in which all lysine residues were mutagenized to alanine (lysineless Id1) was also rapidly degraded (t(1/2) approximately 0.6 h).	Alanine	53-60	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
15163661-5	2004	Id1 in which all lysine residues were mutagenized to alanine (lysineless Id1) was also rapidly degraded (t(1/2) approximately 0.6 h).	Alanine	53-60	inhibitor of DNA binding 1, HLH protein	Homo sapiens	73-76
16963503-4	2006	Here, we determined the effect of H142 replacement by lysine, alanine, and glutamate on the voltage gating of Cx43 channels.	Alanine	62-69	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
17020884-6	2006	The hydrophobic face of the RK25 helix (Val-9, Val-10, Ala-11, Ala-14, and Phe-15) interacts with an exposed hydrophobic groove on the surface of recoverin lined by side-chain atoms of Trp-31, Phe-35, Phe-49, Ile-52, Tyr-53, Phe-56, Phe-57, Tyr-86, and Leu-90.	Alanine	55-58	recoverin	Homo sapiens	146-155
17020884-6	2006	The hydrophobic face of the RK25 helix (Val-9, Val-10, Ala-11, Ala-14, and Phe-15) interacts with an exposed hydrophobic groove on the surface of recoverin lined by side-chain atoms of Trp-31, Phe-35, Phe-49, Ile-52, Tyr-53, Phe-56, Phe-57, Tyr-86, and Leu-90.	Alanine	63-66	recoverin	Homo sapiens	146-155
18670082-10	2008	Thus, we may suggest that mutation of negatively charged aspartic acid to positively charged lysine as well as neutral charged alanine may help to understand the mechanism of the activation or inactivation of beta(1)-AR by its conformational changes and this finding would be helpful for clarifying the functional responses mediated by beta(1)-AR.	Alanine	127-134	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	209-219
18605682-7	2008	The rotational barriers to the cis-trans isomerization of the depsipeptide bond for the Lac dipeptide are calculated to be about 11 kcal/mol, which is about half of those for the Ala dipeptide, although they increase somewhat with the increase of solvent polarity.	Alanine	179-182	lactase	Homo sapiens	88-91
15166215-6	2004	A mutant xPlkk1 in which these three amino acids were changed to alanine (xPlkk1(SA3)) was unable to be phosphorylated or activated in vitro by Plxl.	Alanine	65-72	serine/threonine kinase 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	9-15
15166215-6	2004	A mutant xPlkk1 in which these three amino acids were changed to alanine (xPlkk1(SA3)) was unable to be phosphorylated or activated in vitro by Plxl.	Alanine	65-72	serine/threonine kinase 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	74-80
15260974-5	2004	Analytical ultracentrifugation and gel filtration measurements demonstrated that UL44 also forms a dimer in solution, and substitution of large hydrophobic residues along the homodimer interface with alanine disrupted dimerization and decreased DNA binding.	Alanine	200-207	DNA polymerase processivity subunit	Human betaherpesvirus 5	81-85
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	66-69	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	137-140
15001534-6	2004	Interestingly, MEKK1 up-regulation and the synergistic effects of paclitaxel on anticancer drug-induced apoptosis were abolished by overexpression of mutant FADD (Ser194--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	175-178	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	73-76	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	137-140
18318660-9	2008	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified Arg(6) of mupain-1 as the P1 residue and indicated an extended binding interaction including the P5, P3, P2, P1 and P1" residues of mupain-1 and the specificity pocket, the catalytic triad and amino acids 41, 99 and 192 located in and around the active site of murine uPA.	Alanine	0-7	protein disulfide isomerase associated 6	Mus musculus	137-180
15234325-6	2004	The most prevalent APN variations in this population (C956T leading to an alanine to valine substitution, G978T, G987A and intron3-C389T) always occurred together at an allele frequency of 8.5%.	Alanine	74-81	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	19-22
18372248-5	2008	Mutation of all three residues to Ala markedly reduces mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of PRAS40 in vitro.	Alanine	34-37	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	55-61
15213304-6	2004	In contrast with a previous study, we found that a single amino acid (valine 381) in hAhR is responsible for the lower ligand affinity, and mutating this residue to alanine results in restoration of high ligand affinity in hAhR.	Alanine	165-172	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	85-89
18403372-4	2008	When Ser(455), a phosphorylation site in SREBP-2, was substituted with Ala, this SREBP-2 mutant was more efficiently modified by SUMO-1.	Alanine	71-74	small ubiquitin like modifier 1	Homo sapiens	129-135
15213304-6	2004	In contrast with a previous study, we found that a single amino acid (valine 381) in hAhR is responsible for the lower ligand affinity, and mutating this residue to alanine results in restoration of high ligand affinity in hAhR.	Alanine	165-172	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	223-227
19203467-0	2008	Neurochemical effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain GABA and alanine: A comparison with vigabatrin.	Alanine	86-93	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	29-46
18215127-8	2008	Docking showed the major component of the interaction site on AChE to be the acidic sequence Arg(90)-Glu-Leu-Ser-Glu-Asp(95) on the omega loop, and also the involvement of Pro(40)-Pro-Val(42), Arg(46) (linked to Glu(94) by a salt bridge) and the hexapeptide Asp(61)-Ala-Thr-Thr-Phe-Gln(66).	Alanine	266-269	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	62-66
15197279-9	2004	By changing each of the Arg residues to Ala, we demonstrated that only the Arg residues at positions 331 and 332 were required for binding nsP4 to the SG promoter.	Alanine	40-43	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	139-143
18339330-9	2008	Ala-substitutions of Arg190-Arg196 led to the loss of interaction between Hoxc9-HD and Smad4-MH1 in both GST-pull down assay and SPR analysis; further provided functional evidence for the critical role of this positive-charged region in binding to Smad4-MH1.	Alanine	0-3	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
15189041-6	2004	Analysis of specific amino acid residues in the N-terminus and C-terminus demonstrated that the presence of a proline at position 11 and alanine at positions 35 and 39 (hCRF numbering) decreases CRF1R activity and increases CRF2R selectivity in CRF, UCN1 and sauvagine peptides.	Alanine	137-144	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	195-199
15051718-4	2004	By using a truncation protocol and alanine scanning, we identified Tyr-288 in the PS1 N-terminal fragment as critical for PS-dependent intramembrane proteolysis.	Alanine	35-42	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
15184255-3	2004	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 16, occurring in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increase in breast cancer risk.	Alanine	18-25	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
15184255-3	2004	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid 16, occurring in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the MnSOD gene, has been associated with an increase in breast cancer risk.	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	120-125
15184255-8	2004	We did observe evidence that the MnSOD Ala allele may modify the relation of cigarette smoking with breast cancer risk.	Alanine	39-42	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
18339330-9	2008	Ala-substitutions of Arg190-Arg196 led to the loss of interaction between Hoxc9-HD and Smad4-MH1 in both GST-pull down assay and SPR analysis; further provided functional evidence for the critical role of this positive-charged region in binding to Smad4-MH1.	Alanine	0-3	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	248-253
18342636-9	2008	C303 of hSDH and C309 of cSDH which are H-bonding partner of the ring nitrogen of PLP were mutated to alanine and their kinetic parameters were also determined.	Alanine	102-109	serine dehydratase	Homo sapiens	8-12
15196853-5	2004	RESULTS: For SOD2, women with the TC (val/ala) or CC (ala/ala) genotypes were at increased risk [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.0].	Alanine	42-45	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
15196853-5	2004	RESULTS: For SOD2, women with the TC (val/ala) or CC (ala/ala) genotypes were at increased risk [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.0].	Alanine	54-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
15196853-5	2004	RESULTS: For SOD2, women with the TC (val/ala) or CC (ala/ala) genotypes were at increased risk [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.0].	Alanine	54-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
18342636-9	2008	C303 of hSDH and C309 of cSDH which are H-bonding partner of the ring nitrogen of PLP were mutated to alanine and their kinetic parameters were also determined.	Alanine	102-109	serine dehydratase like	Homo sapiens	25-29
15214434-0	2004	Partial alanine scan of mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD): importance of the histidine- and arginine residues.	Alanine	8-15	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	24-55
18342636-9	2008	C303 of hSDH and C309 of cSDH which are H-bonding partner of the ring nitrogen of PLP were mutated to alanine and their kinetic parameters were also determined.	Alanine	102-109	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	82-85
15214434-0	2004	Partial alanine scan of mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD): importance of the histidine- and arginine residues.	Alanine	8-15	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	57-60
17967822-8	2008	The association of the MnSOD polymorphism with CAD was investigated using blood samples collected from 498 CAD patients and 627 healthy subjects; the alanine allele was found to reduce the risk of CAD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).	Alanine	150-157	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
17967822-9	2008	CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the alanine variant of signal peptide increases the mitochondrial MnSOD activity, protects macrophages against the oxLDL-induced apoptosis, and reduces the risk of CAD and AMI.	Alanine	39-46	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
15132529-13	2004	The premise of experimental evaluations of the backbone-backbone H-bonding that Ala --&gt; Lac substitution in proteins is isosteric (e.g., Koh, J. T.; Cornish, V. W.; Schultz, P. G. Biochemistry 1997, 36, 11314) is often but not always corroborated.	Alanine	80-83	lactase	Homo sapiens	91-94
18367172-4	2008	Large tracts of more than 24 alanines result in the nuclear accumulation of PABPN1 in SFRS2-positive functional speckles and a significant decline in cell survival.	Alanine	29-37	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
15096093-3	2004	E196A (Glu196--&gt;Ala), a mutated tobacco CA with low levels of CA activity, complemented Delta NCE103.	Alanine	19-22	carbonate dehydratase NCE103	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-103
14963045-3	2004	We established AGS human gastric epithelial cells that inducibly express wild-type or a phosphorylation-resistant CagA, in which tyrosine residues constituting the EPIYA motifs were substituted with alanines.	Alanine	199-207	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	114-118
18071882-9	2008	Significantly high proportion of DHF was found to have TAP2 665 threonine/alanine (THR/ALA) genotypes (30.7%) when compared with DF (13.3%, OR = 2.3, P = 0.006) cases.	Alanine	74-81	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	55-59
14764606-5	2004	Second, shotgun alanine scanning of BCMA was used to map critical residues for either APRIL or BAFF binding.	Alanine	16-23	TNF superfamily member 13b	Homo sapiens	95-99
16786187-4	2006	Our data show that wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF(s/s)) are less sensitive to UV-induced apoptosis than MEF(A/A) cells in which the phosphorylation site, Ser51, of eIF2alpha is replaced with a non-phosphorylatable Ala (Ser51Ala).	Alanine	223-226	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	173-182
18071882-9	2008	Significantly high proportion of DHF was found to have TAP2 665 threonine/alanine (THR/ALA) genotypes (30.7%) when compared with DF (13.3%, OR = 2.3, P = 0.006) cases.	Alanine	87-90	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	55-59
14656218-0	2004	Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor activity of the triple GoLoco motif protein G18: alanine-to-aspartate mutation restores function to an inactive second GoLoco motif.	Alanine	91-98	G protein signaling modulator 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
18071882-11	2008	CONCLUSION: This first report on TAP 2 gene polymorphism in dengue suggested that heterozygous pattern at TAP2 379 locus confers susceptibility to DHF, and TAP2 665 THR/ALA genotype was found to be a risk factor for development of DHF.	Alanine	169-172	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	33-38
18071882-11	2008	CONCLUSION: This first report on TAP 2 gene polymorphism in dengue suggested that heterozygous pattern at TAP2 379 locus confers susceptibility to DHF, and TAP2 665 THR/ALA genotype was found to be a risk factor for development of DHF.	Alanine	169-172	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	156-160
18378899-5	2008	We substituted these Ser or Thr residues with Ala in phot1 and analyzed their functions by inspecting the phot1-mediated responses of stomatal opening, phototropism, chloroplast accumulation, and leaf flattening after the transformation of the phot1 phot2 double mutant.	Alanine	46-49	phototropin 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-58
14648099-0	2004	Alanine-stimulated exocytosis in Aplysia enterocytes: effect of Na+ transport and requirement for actin filaments.	Alanine	0-7	actin	Aplysia californica	98-103
14648099-10	2004	Hence, constitutive exocytosis and alanine-stimulated exocytosis require actin filaments for recruitment of vesicles to the apical membrane.	Alanine	35-42	actin	Aplysia californica	73-78
14960371-5	2004	NR1 prefers smaller ligands (glycine, serine, and alanine) in comparison with GluRB and GluR0 that bind l-glutamate: the bulky side chain of W731 in NR1 dramatically reduces the size of the ligand-binding site, functioning to selectively restrict recognition to glycine and the d-isomers of serine and alanine.	Alanine	50-57	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17139370-9	2006	Mutational analysis of juxtamembrane cysteine residue to alanine (C595A) of human PECAM-1 resulted in loss of palmitoylation and a sixfold decrease in association with membrane microdomains.	Alanine	57-64	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
18378899-5	2008	We substituted these Ser or Thr residues with Ala in phot1 and analyzed their functions by inspecting the phot1-mediated responses of stomatal opening, phototropism, chloroplast accumulation, and leaf flattening after the transformation of the phot1 phot2 double mutant.	Alanine	46-49	phototropin 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-111
18378899-5	2008	We substituted these Ser or Thr residues with Ala in phot1 and analyzed their functions by inspecting the phot1-mediated responses of stomatal opening, phototropism, chloroplast accumulation, and leaf flattening after the transformation of the phot1 phot2 double mutant.	Alanine	46-49	phototropin 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-111
18227067-3	2008	We demonstrate that mutation of any of these charged amino acids in KCa3.1 or KCa2.3 to alanine, glutamine, or charge reversal mutations results in a rapid degradation (&lt;30 min) of total protein, confirming the critical role of these amino acids in channel biogenesis.	Alanine	88-95	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
17032734-6	2006	A series of domain deletion mutants and substitution mutations at phosphorylation sites (from serine to alanine) on GFAP demonstrated that serine 8 in the head domain is essential for the direct association of GFAP to 14-3-3gamma.	Alanine	104-111	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma	Homo sapiens	218-229
16940182-5	2006	Compared to the wild-type form, Chk2 with alanine substitutions at S19, S33, and S35 (Chk2(S3A)) showed impaired dimerization, defective auto- and trans-phosphorylation activities, and reduced ability to promote degradation of Hdmx, a phosphorylation target of Chk2 and regulator of p53 activity.	Alanine	42-49	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
16940182-5	2006	Compared to the wild-type form, Chk2 with alanine substitutions at S19, S33, and S35 (Chk2(S3A)) showed impaired dimerization, defective auto- and trans-phosphorylation activities, and reduced ability to promote degradation of Hdmx, a phosphorylation target of Chk2 and regulator of p53 activity.	Alanine	42-49	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
16940182-5	2006	Compared to the wild-type form, Chk2 with alanine substitutions at S19, S33, and S35 (Chk2(S3A)) showed impaired dimerization, defective auto- and trans-phosphorylation activities, and reduced ability to promote degradation of Hdmx, a phosphorylation target of Chk2 and regulator of p53 activity.	Alanine	42-49	checkpoint kinase 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
14679585-6	2004	In ZIC2 we identified a deletion of one codon that encodes an alanine residue located in the amino terminal alanine stretch of the protein.	Alanine	62-69	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	3-7
12969981-0	2004	Deletion of alanine 2201 in the FVIII C2 domain results in mild hemophilia A by impairing FVIII binding to VWF and phospholipids and destroys a major FVIII antigenic determinant involved in inhibitor development.	Alanine	12-19	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	32-37
12969981-0	2004	Deletion of alanine 2201 in the FVIII C2 domain results in mild hemophilia A by impairing FVIII binding to VWF and phospholipids and destroys a major FVIII antigenic determinant involved in inhibitor development.	Alanine	12-19	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	90-95
12969981-0	2004	Deletion of alanine 2201 in the FVIII C2 domain results in mild hemophilia A by impairing FVIII binding to VWF and phospholipids and destroys a major FVIII antigenic determinant involved in inhibitor development.	Alanine	12-19	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	90-95
14971033-2	2004	To identify HLA-E surface recognized by both receptors, especially to determine if both receptors recognize the same epitope, we made a series of individually Ala-substituted HLA-E proteins and analyzed their binding to CD94/NKG2A orCD94/NKG2C.	Alanine	159-162	major histocompatibility complex, class I, E	Homo sapiens	175-180
18160429-5	2008	Vpr-induced nuclear exclusion of Cdc25 appears to depend on the serine/threonine phosphorylation of Cdc25 and the presence of Rad24/14-3-3 protein, since amino acid substitutions of the nine possible phosphorylation sites of Cdc25 with Ala (9A) or deletion of the rad24 gene abolished nuclear exclusion induced by Vpr.	Alanine	236-239	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	0-3
17031074-2	2006	Aspartate104 of the beta(1)-AR in the 2nd transmembrane was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	74-81	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-30
12971909-4	2004	Also, the expression of mRNA for GlnT (SAT1), a system A isoform specific for Gln, was only expressed in neurons derived from both structures, while an alanine (Ala)-preferring system A transporter, SAT2, was expressed in neurons and astrocytes from either region.	Alanine	152-159	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Mus musculus	39-43
18199653-8	2008	Rapid hACE2-dependent S-mediated cell-cell fusion was reduced to 60 to 70% of the wild-type level for all single alanine substitutions and the Y1188A/Y1191A protein.	Alanine	113-120	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	6-11
12971909-4	2004	Also, the expression of mRNA for GlnT (SAT1), a system A isoform specific for Gln, was only expressed in neurons derived from both structures, while an alanine (Ala)-preferring system A transporter, SAT2, was expressed in neurons and astrocytes from either region.	Alanine	161-164	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1	Mus musculus	39-43
14599745-7	2003	Substitution of each of these sites to alanine (in combination) reduced the ability of DNA-PK to phosphorylate XRCC4 in vitro by at least two orders of magnitude.	Alanine	39-46	X-ray repair cross complementing 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
18067928-2	2008	In the present study, genotype and haplotype frequencies of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP1B1 that cause amino acid changes (Arg-Gly at codon 48, Ala-Ser at codon 119, Leu-Val at codon 432 and Asn-Ser at codon 453) were studied in 150 cases suffering from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and in an equal number of controls.	Alanine	166-169	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	107-113
14596598-8	2003	Catalysis by dPIMT requires the side chain of the conserved, active site residue Ser-60, since substitution of this residue with Thr, Gln, or Ala reduces or abolishes the methylation of both protein and isoaspartyl peptide substrates.	Alanine	142-145	Protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase	Drosophila melanogaster	13-18
12871932-7	2003	Moreover, p105 degradation in response to TNF-alpha is prevented in GSK-3 beta-/- fibroblasts and by a Ser to Ala point mutation on p105 at positions 903 or 907.	Alanine	110-113	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	68-78
17981815-6	2008	When we replaced the serine residues with alanines, ERK phosphorylation was significantly reduced in the presence of RAF.	Alanine	42-50	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
13679055-8	2003	While the alanine analog of indolicidin adopted predominantly alpha-helical conformation, the phenylalanine analog remained largely unordered.	Alanine	10-17	cathelicidin-4	Bos taurus	28-39
18307102-6	2008	Only the two adjacent alanines, Ala281 and Ala282 in the human CAC, have been found not to be crucial for transport activity and in vivo function.	Alanine	22-30	solute carrier family 25 member 20	Homo sapiens	63-66
14519131-5	2003	In mouse, in addition to previously detected NPFF and NPSF, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide), the homologous peptide of SQA-NPFF, were characterized.	Alanine	78-81	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	60-63
12963120-1	2003	A polymorphism in the signal sequence (Ala-9Val) of the gene encoding the free radical-quenching manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been reported to alter the risk for breast cancer.	Alanine	39-42	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	97-127
18197253-9	2008	Directed mutagenesis of Ser(232) to a non-phosphorylable amino acid such as Ala (StAR S232A) inhibited in vitro StAR phosphorylation by active ERK1/2.	Alanine	76-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	143-149
12963120-1	2003	A polymorphism in the signal sequence (Ala-9Val) of the gene encoding the free radical-quenching manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been reported to alter the risk for breast cancer.	Alanine	39-42	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	129-134
22578863-6	2008	A point mutation in the conserved GTP-binding motif, AspXXGly (Asp to Ala) in Era (Asp-258) and Obg (Asp-212) proteins resulted in the loss of the associated activities, confirming that known key residues in well-established G-proteins are also conserved in mycobacterial homologs.	Alanine	70-73	GTPase Obg	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	96-99
12857746-5	2003	Individual alanine substitution of several residues in the domain significantly affected Ski-Smad3 interaction.	Alanine	11-18	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	93-98
18852889-3	2008	A single common coding variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 predisposes individuals to the development of Crohn"s disease: while ATG16L1 encoding threonine at amino acid position 300 (ATG16L1*300T) confers protection, ATG16L1 encoding for alanine instead of threonine (ATG16L1*300A, also known as T300A) mediates risk towards the development of Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	243-250	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
12878193-7	2003	In this study, the C-terminal residues of porcine ZPB and ZPC were identified as Ala-462 and Ser-332, respectively, by mass spectrometry of C-terminal polypeptide fragments of these proteins.	Alanine	81-84	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
18852889-3	2008	A single common coding variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 predisposes individuals to the development of Crohn"s disease: while ATG16L1 encoding threonine at amino acid position 300 (ATG16L1*300T) confers protection, ATG16L1 encoding for alanine instead of threonine (ATG16L1*300A, also known as T300A) mediates risk towards the development of Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	243-250	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
18852889-3	2008	A single common coding variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 predisposes individuals to the development of Crohn"s disease: while ATG16L1 encoding threonine at amino acid position 300 (ATG16L1*300T) confers protection, ATG16L1 encoding for alanine instead of threonine (ATG16L1*300A, also known as T300A) mediates risk towards the development of Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	243-250	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
18852889-3	2008	A single common coding variant in the autophagy protein ATG16L1 predisposes individuals to the development of Crohn"s disease: while ATG16L1 encoding threonine at amino acid position 300 (ATG16L1*300T) confers protection, ATG16L1 encoding for alanine instead of threonine (ATG16L1*300A, also known as T300A) mediates risk towards the development of Crohn"s disease.	Alanine	243-250	autophagy related 16 like 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
18289107-3	2008	Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is a peroxisomal pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme which catalyzes the transamination of alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine.	Alanine	143-150	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	83-86
19276632-7	2008	Two heterozygous DNA sequence variations were solely present in one single patient each but in none of the 20 normal controls: a duplication of GCC (c.97GCC[9]+[10]) resulting in an extra alanine within exon 1 and a 25*G&gt;A substitution in the 3"-untranslated region.	Alanine	188-195	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	144-147
17584514-10	2007	Insulin secretion was increased by leucine+glutamine, arginine, alanine or a mixture of amino acids, but their effect was significant only in the presence of forskolin.	Alanine	64-71	insulin	Sus scrofa	0-7
17717707-0	2007	Polymorphic length of FOXE1 alanine stretch: evidence for genetic susceptibility to thyroid dysgenesis.	Alanine	28-35	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	22-27
17717707-1	2007	Familial cases of congenital hypothyroidism from thyroid dysgenesis (TD) (OMIM 218700) occur with a frequency 15-fold higher than by chance, FOXE1 is one of the candidate genes for this genetic predisposition and contains an alanine tract.	Alanine	225-232	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	141-146
17717707-2	2007	Our purpose is to assess the influence of length of the alanine tract of FOXE1 on genetic susceptibility to TD.	Alanine	56-63	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	73-78
17717707-9	2007	The expression studies showed that the transcriptional activities of FOXE1 with 16 alanines were significantly higher (1.55-fold) than FOXE1 containing 14 alanines (P < 0.003), while the nuclear localisation of the proteins was not affected.	Alanine	83-91	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	69-74
17717707-9	2007	The expression studies showed that the transcriptional activities of FOXE1 with 16 alanines were significantly higher (1.55-fold) than FOXE1 containing 14 alanines (P < 0.003), while the nuclear localisation of the proteins was not affected.	Alanine	155-163	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	69-74
17717707-9	2007	The expression studies showed that the transcriptional activities of FOXE1 with 16 alanines were significantly higher (1.55-fold) than FOXE1 containing 14 alanines (P < 0.003), while the nuclear localisation of the proteins was not affected.	Alanine	155-163	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	135-140
17717707-10	2007	We conclude that FOXE1 through its alanine containing stretch modulates significantly the risk of TD occurrence, enhancing a mechanism linking an alanine containing transcription factor to disease.	Alanine	35-42	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	17-22
17717707-10	2007	We conclude that FOXE1 through its alanine containing stretch modulates significantly the risk of TD occurrence, enhancing a mechanism linking an alanine containing transcription factor to disease.	Alanine	146-153	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	17-22
16626843-1	2006	This study examined the relationship between a MnSOD gene (MnSOD) polymorphism (Ala-9Val) and mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar I disorder (BD).	Alanine	80-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
17988382-2	2007	In vivo assays revealed that in LOX-1 the basic spine arginine residues are important for binding, which is lost upon mutation of Trp150 with alanine.	Alanine	142-149	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
16626843-1	2006	This study examined the relationship between a MnSOD gene (MnSOD) polymorphism (Ala-9Val) and mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar I disorder (BD).	Alanine	80-83	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
17804818-5	2007	When a Cdk2 phosphorylation site within Mps1 (T468) is mutated to alanine, Mps1 cannot accumulate at centrosomes or participate in centrosome duplication.	Alanine	66-73	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	7-11
16543247-9	2006	In an analysis of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 Val16Ala, rs1799725) Ala/Ala homozygotes, we observed moderately increased risks for B-cell lymphomas (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0-1.6; referent=Val/Val and Val/Ala) that was consistent across the B-cell subtypes.	Alanine	60-63	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
16543247-9	2006	In an analysis of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 Val16Ala, rs1799725) Ala/Ala homozygotes, we observed moderately increased risks for B-cell lymphomas (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0-1.6; referent=Val/Val and Val/Ala) that was consistent across the B-cell subtypes.	Alanine	76-79	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
16543247-9	2006	In an analysis of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 Val16Ala, rs1799725) Ala/Ala homozygotes, we observed moderately increased risks for B-cell lymphomas (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.0-1.6; referent=Val/Val and Val/Ala) that was consistent across the B-cell subtypes.	Alanine	76-79	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
17804818-5	2007	When a Cdk2 phosphorylation site within Mps1 (T468) is mutated to alanine, Mps1 cannot accumulate at centrosomes or participate in centrosome duplication.	Alanine	66-73	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	40-44
17804818-5	2007	When a Cdk2 phosphorylation site within Mps1 (T468) is mutated to alanine, Mps1 cannot accumulate at centrosomes or participate in centrosome duplication.	Alanine	66-73	TTK protein kinase	Homo sapiens	75-79
16880741-2	2006	Rb(DeltaCDK), a mutant construct of pRb with 15 of the 16 CDK phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine represses activation of E2F by mitogen, despite cyclin E overexpression.	Alanine	95-102	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
17902702-4	2007	(2005) Biochemistry 44, 3143-3152), single Cys to Ala mutations in D3 were sufficient to eliminate cluster formation and significantly reduce CCS activity.	Alanine	50-53	copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase	Homo sapiens	142-145
16866871-7	2006	Reduced activation of STAT1 by TGF-beta1 was abrogated by the mutation in the IFNGR1 in which the serine residues of potential sites of phosphorylation by TGF-betaRI were replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	183-190	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	31-40
16866871-7	2006	Reduced activation of STAT1 by TGF-beta1 was abrogated by the mutation in the IFNGR1 in which the serine residues of potential sites of phosphorylation by TGF-betaRI were replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	183-190	interferon gamma receptor 1	Mus musculus	78-84
17724025-9	2007	"Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2.	Alanine	1-8	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	76-84
16969751-2	2006	B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been proposed as a guide for treatment of heart failure patients and as an index of myocardial dysfunction in patients with ALA.	Alanine	161-164	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	0-26
16969751-3	2006	Data about BNP dosage for cardiovascular monitoring of patients with ALA on renal replacement therapy are lacking.	Alanine	69-72	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	11-14
17724025-9	2007	"Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2.	Alanine	1-8	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	152-160
17724025-9	2007	"Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2.	Alanine	1-8	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	152-160
16916748-4	2006	Cells coexpressing v-Src and the triple serine to alanine mutant, Cx43S255/279/282A, confirmed that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation of Cx43 was not required for v-Src-induced disruption of GJC and that tyrosine phosphorylation was sufficient.	Alanine	50-57	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
17845212-5	2007	DNA sequence analysis of nine atopic eczema patients confirmed a substitution in codon (1618) GCC (Ala(119)) to GAC (Asp(119)).	Alanine	99-102	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	94-97
16697408-3	2006	We report the contributions of each conserved residue in the PXWK motif to human villin HP function and structure, as well as the structural implications of the naturally occurring Pro to Ala mutation in dematin HP.	Alanine	188-191	dematin actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	204-211
16697408-8	2006	Proper folding can be induced in the dematin C-terminal subdomain by exchanging the Ala for Pro.	Alanine	84-87	dematin actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	37-44
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	67-72
17722883-9	2007	In this report we have used alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a putative coiled coil at the C-terminus of the Talin1 I/LWEQ module to show that the amino acids responsible for dimerization are necessary for F-actin binding, the stabilization of actin filaments, the cross-linking of actin filaments, and focal adhesion targeting.	Alanine	28-35	talin 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
16510163-3	2006	Alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis was performed to identify determinants on ACE2 critical for SARS-CoV infection.	Alanine	0-7	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
17698664-6	2007	The data demonstrated that the Ser--&gt;Asp amino acid substitution at position 466 in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein resulted in decreased receptor binding and neuraminidase activity, the Ala/Thr--&gt;Thr selection in the fusion protein resulted in decreased fusion activity, and the Ile--&gt;Val substitution in the polymerase resulted in increased replicative/transcriptional activity.	Alanine	199-202	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	106-119
16768443-2	2006	DPP-IV inactivates the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and several other naturally produced bioactive peptides that contain preferentially a proline or alanine residue in the second amino acid sequence position by cleaving the N-terminal dipeptide.	Alanine	150-157	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
17691833-9	2007	Furthermore, the N-terminal alanine residues of HTB9 and HTB11 were found to be mono-, di-, or trimethylated or unmodified.	Alanine	28-35	Histone superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-62
16613857-5	2006	Mutagenesis of Runx2 serine-472, a consensus Cdk site, to alanine increases the half-life of Runx2 and causes loss of sensitivity to cyclin D1-induced Runx2 degradation.	Alanine	58-65	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	133-142
17695015-9	2007	The C-terminal extensions on RpS6 ranged in length from 81 to 190 amino acids, they were highly enriched for lysine and alanine, and they seem to be evolving more rapidly than the conventional portion of the RpS6 protein shared by all eukaryotes.	Alanine	120-127	Ribosomal protein S6	Drosophila melanogaster	29-33
16740728-4	2006	We have created three IL-13Ralpha2 analogue peptides by substitutions of the COOH-terminal isoleucine (I) for valine (V) and the NH(2)-terminal tryptophan (W) for either alanine (A), glutamic acid (E), or nonsubstituted (W; designated as 1A9V, 1E9V, and 9V, respectively).	Alanine	170-177	interleukin 13 receptor subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-34
16723808-0	2006	Replacement of alanine with asparagic acid at position 203 in human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein impairs the ability to enhance steroidogenesis in vitro.	Alanine	15-22	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	68-106
16723808-7	2006	Together, these results indicate that the alanine at position 203 in human StAR is functionally important and that the D203 StAR is extremely unlikely to be a polymorphism.	Alanine	42-49	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	75-79
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	56-59	clock circadian regulator	Homo sapiens	132-137
17475650-4	2007	Sequence analysis showed that TRIM5alpha-sensitive viruses had proline at the 120th position of the capsid protein (CA), whereas TRIM5alpha-resistant viruses had either alanine or glutamine.	Alanine	169-176	tripartite motif containing 5	Homo sapiens	129-139
16406204-4	2006	Incubation of ODN with PEP generated two products, i.e. ODN3-18 and ODN5-18 which resulted from cleavage of the Ala-Thr and Val-Gly peptide bonds.	Alanine	112-115	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	23-26
17333251-6	2007	Mutation of eight conserved Tyr residues of RGL2 into alanine shows four mutant proteins (Y52A, Y89A, Y223A and Y435A) are resistant to GA-induced degradation.	Alanine	54-61	RGA-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-48
16784657-9	2006	A SNP in codon 50 of exon 3, GCC (alanine) to TCC (serine) was identified.	Alanine	34-41	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	29-32
17550241-4	2007	Deletion or Ala-substitution of the Arg1 or Pro2 residues of OP did not affect the activity of the peptide.	Alanine	12-15	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
16380208-8	2006	PMA similarly desensitized wild type TRPM8 and mutant TRPM8, in which serine or threonine residues in some putative PKC phosphorylation sites were replaced by alanine.	Alanine	159-166	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8	Homo sapiens	54-59
17470430-2	2007	To identify the regions of the Rheb surface most critical for signaling to TOR complex 1, we created a set of 26 mutants wherein clusters of 1-5 putative solvent-exposed residues were changed to alanine, ultimately changing 65 residues distributed over the entire Rheb surface.	Alanine	195-202	Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding	Homo sapiens	31-35
17470430-4	2007	The major finding is that two mutants situated in the Rheb switch 2 segment, Y67A/I69A and I76A/D77A, exhibit a near total loss of function, whereas extensive replacement of the switch 1 segment and other surface residues with alanines causes relatively little disturbance of Rheb rescue of S6K1 from amino acid withdrawal.	Alanine	227-235	Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding	Homo sapiens	54-58
16541109-7	2006	Strikingly, the enzyme is inhibited by the pseudosubstrate peptide Ala-Cys(-S-GlcNAc)-Ala, and has OGA activity against O-GlcNAcylated human proteins, suggesting that the enzyme is a suitable model for further studies into the function of human OGA.	Alanine	67-70	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	99-102
17459880-4	2007	Collective mutation of Mnd2 phosphorylation sites to alanine had no effect on vegetative growth but a striking effect (&gt;85% reduction) on the percentage of tetrad-forming cells compared with the wild type strain.	Alanine	53-60	Mnd2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	23-27
16541109-7	2006	Strikingly, the enzyme is inhibited by the pseudosubstrate peptide Ala-Cys(-S-GlcNAc)-Ala, and has OGA activity against O-GlcNAcylated human proteins, suggesting that the enzyme is a suitable model for further studies into the function of human OGA.	Alanine	67-70	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	245-248
17433461-6	2007	In contrast, substitution of Ala for each of the six positively charged residues at the extracellular surface of Ste2p did not affect signaling.	Alanine	29-32	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	113-118
16466689-7	2006	Mutation of this residue, which lies within a consensus site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C, to an alanine, completely abrogated the effect of SAP97 on channel expression.	Alanine	108-115	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1	Homo sapiens	152-157
16303763-1	2006	A predicted alanine to proline substitution in Stat5b that results in profound short stature, growth hormone insensitivity, and immunodeficiency represents the first natural mutation of this transcription factor in a human.	Alanine	12-19	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B	Homo sapiens	47-53
12948282-6	2003	RESULTS: Men homozygous for the MnSOD ala allele had a 70% increase in risk over men homozygous for the val allele (odds ratio, OR = 1.72, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.96-3.08, p = 0.07).	Alanine	38-41	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
12948282-8	2003	Although there was no difference in the association with disease stage, men homozygous for MnSOD ala (compared to MnSOD val/val or val/ala) showed a three-fold risk increase for high-grade tumors (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.15-6.40, p = 0.02).	Alanine	97-100	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
12948282-8	2003	Although there was no difference in the association with disease stage, men homozygous for MnSOD ala (compared to MnSOD val/val or val/ala) showed a three-fold risk increase for high-grade tumors (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.15-6.40, p = 0.02).	Alanine	97-100	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
12948282-9	2003	CONCLUSION: These data suggest an effect of the MnSOD ala/ala genotype on the development of prostate cancer.	Alanine	54-57	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
17485541-6	2007	Alanine substitutions for lysines 408 and 412 (K408A/K412A) in a putative nucleotide-binding site of muA abolished NTPase activity, further suggesting that NTPase activity is attributable to protein muA.	Alanine	0-7	mu-A protein	Avian orthoreovirus	101-104
12948282-9	2003	CONCLUSION: These data suggest an effect of the MnSOD ala/ala genotype on the development of prostate cancer.	Alanine	58-61	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
17485541-6	2007	Alanine substitutions for lysines 408 and 412 (K408A/K412A) in a putative nucleotide-binding site of muA abolished NTPase activity, further suggesting that NTPase activity is attributable to protein muA.	Alanine	0-7	mu-A protein	Avian orthoreovirus	199-202
17433363-5	2007	Alanine scanning of the E6AP-UbcH7 binding interface identified four side-chains on UbcH7 and six side-chains on E6AP that contribute more than 1 kcal/mol to the binding free energy.	Alanine	0-7	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 L3	Homo sapiens	29-34
12690118-6	2003	Here, we constructed a large series of mutants by substituting amino acids with alanine in the intracellular loops (IL) 1, 2, and 3 and proximal C-terminal tail of the receptor.	Alanine	80-87	interleukin-2	Cricetulus griseus	95-131
16158051-5	2006	With regard to the molecular mechanism of AurA inhibition, we found that the point mutation Ser(342)&gt;Ala rendered AurA resistant to inhibition by DNA damage.	Alanine	104-107	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	42-46
16158051-5	2006	With regard to the molecular mechanism of AurA inhibition, we found that the point mutation Ser(342)&gt;Ala rendered AurA resistant to inhibition by DNA damage.	Alanine	104-107	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	117-121
17482549-4	2007	Furthermore, interaction of STRAD with LKB1 promoted LKB1 phosphorylation at a PKA site S431 and elevated the LKB1 level, and overexpressing LKB1 with a serine-to-alanine mutation at S431 (LKB1(S431A)) prevented axon differentiation.	Alanine	163-170	STE20 related adaptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-33
16847469-2	2006	In this study, we aim to investigate the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphism at nucleotide 47 as a result of the change of Ala to Val on the protein sequence in CPPS patients.	Alanine	139-142	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	41-71
16847469-2	2006	In this study, we aim to investigate the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) polymorphism at nucleotide 47 as a result of the change of Ala to Val on the protein sequence in CPPS patients.	Alanine	139-142	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	73-78
12829488-7	2003	SP-B(9-36), synthesized with (13)C=O-labeled Ala residues in positions 26, 28, 30, and 32, shifted the beta-sheet marker band to approximately 1600 cm(-1) and thus immediately identified this structural element within the labeled region.	Alanine	45-48	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	0-4
17336594-1	2007	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	63-70	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	136-166
12767899-6	2003	Using alanine-scanning analysis, we defined a TRAF-binding motif, PIEET, in TweakR that mediates TRAF binding and NF-kappa B activation.	Alanine	6-13	TNF receptor superfamily member 12A	Homo sapiens	76-82
12657632-2	2003	In this study, we performed Ala-scanning mutagenesis of all Tcf4 residues in the Tcf-beta-catenin interface and studied the binding energetics of these mutants using isothermal titration calorimetry.	Alanine	28-31	transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
16223757-4	2005	However, whereas alanine also triggered membrane depolarization and GLP-1 secretion, the response was Na+ independent.	Alanine	17-24	glucagon	Mus musculus	68-73
17336594-1	2007	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	63-70	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
12755599-8	2003	BAFF-binding determinants were identified by shotgun alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the BR3 ECD expressed on phage.	Alanine	53-60	TNF superfamily member 13b	Homo sapiens	0-4
17336594-1	2007	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	72-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	136-166
12600984-3	2003	Substitution of the proline residues Pro-424 and Pro-427 by alanines results in loss of Akt activity and phosphorylation induced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF), possibly because these mutations disrupt the interaction between Akt and the SH3 domain of Src.	Alanine	60-68	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Canis lupus familiaris	258-261
17336594-1	2007	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and modulates its mitochondrial import and activity.	Alanine	72-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
16331978-3	2005	A genetically engineered PLB mutant was constructed in which Pro(21) was mutated to an alanine (P21A-PLB(C)); in this construct, all three transmembrane cysteines were substituted with alanines to stabilize the monomeric form of PLB, and a unique cysteine was introduced at position 24 near the hinge element (A24C), permitting the site-specific attachment of fluorescein-5-maleimide (FMal) to monitor structure changes.	Alanine	185-193	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	25-28
17336594-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous findings in French alcoholic patients, the Ala-encoding MnSOD allele is represented equally in controls and patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, and it does not significantly influence the risks of liver iron overload, HCC, or death in these patients.	Alanine	77-80	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
17576385-4	2007	This study compares directly for the first time the effects of the novel hydroxypyridinone iron chelating agent CP94 and the more clinically established iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) on the enhancement of ALA and methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL)-induced PpIX accumulations in cultured human cells.	Alanine	211-214	beaded filament structural protein 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
16027730-4	2005	Mutation of either of two TNFalpha-inducible serine residues (Ser460 and Ser471) to nonphosphorylatable residues (alanine, asparagine, phenylalanine) made REL more efficient at transforming chicken spleen cells in vitro.	Alanine	114-121	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	26-34
16251276-1	2005	Every residue of the 101-aa Escherichia coli toxin CcdB was substituted with Ala, Asp, Glu, Lys, and Arg by using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	77-80	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	51-55
16129665-3	2005	To search for sequence determinants of murine (12R)-LOX, we carried out multiple amino acid sequence alignments and found that Phe(390), Gly(441), Ala(455), and Val(631) align with previously identified positional determinants of S-LOX isoforms.	Alanine	147-150	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type	Mus musculus	47-55
15975092-7	2005	An inhibitory role for S1 phosphorylation in FAK signalling was indicated by findings that both alanine substitution for S1 and dephosphorylation of S1 by PP1 (serine/threonine protein phosphatase type-1) resulted in an increase in FAK kinase activity; likewise, this role was also shown by cell treatment with the GSK3 inhibitor LiCl.	Alanine	96-103	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	45-48
15975092-8	2005	The inhibitory role was confirmed by the finding that cells expressing FAK with alanine substitution for S1 displayed improved cell spreading and faster migration in wound-healing and trans-well assays.	Alanine	80-87	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	71-74
16142915-9	2005	We use this continuous assay to analyze catalysis by wild-type human PDI and a variant in which the C-terminal cysteine residue within each Cys-Gly-His-Cys active site is replaced with alanine.	Alanine	185-192	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	69-72
16169872-4	2005	Here we report systematic mutagenesis of the central part of RPB5 using two-step alanine scanning libraries to pinpoint critical residues for its binding to RAP30 in the TFIIF complex and/or to HBx, and identified these residues in both mammalian cells and in an in vitro binding assay.	Alanine	81-88	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit E	Homo sapiens	61-65
15975903-0	2005	Alanine scanning of Arp1 delineates a putative binding site for Jnm1/dynamitin and Nip100/p150Glued.	Alanine	0-7	dynactin subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-78
16107707-9	2005	Mutation of these sites to alanine alleviates the cdk1-induced dissociation of Maskin from eIF4E.	Alanine	27-34	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 1B S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	91-96
15964846-6	2005	Methylation assays with N terminus mutants of H4 that contain deletions and single alanine or glutamine substitutions of charged residues revealed that SET8 requires the sequence RHRK20VLRDN for methylation at lysine 20.	Alanine	83-90	lysine methyltransferase 5A	Homo sapiens	152-156
15964846-7	2005	The individual mutation of any charged residue in this sequence to alanine or glutamine abolished or greatly decreased levels of methylation of lysine 20 of H4 by SET8.	Alanine	67-74	lysine methyltransferase 5A	Homo sapiens	163-167
15994298-3	2005	We have used site-directed mutagenesis to assess the impact of altering the seven histidine residues to alanine within Arabidopsis CAX1.	Alanine	104-111	cation exchanger 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	131-135
16120774-4	2005	The substitution by Ala of Ser/Thr residues situated within PKC consensus sites of the P2X3 receptor ectodomain either abolished (PKC2 and PKC3; T134A, S178A) or did not alter (PKC4 and PKC6; T196A, S269A) the UTP-induced potentiation of the alpha,beta-meATP current.	Alanine	20-23	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	87-91
15967801-5	2005	We have demonstrated that certain Ala mutations in the intracellular segments of transmembrane domains 3 (Met(132)), 5 (Met(227)), 6 (Phe(272) and Phe(276)), and 7 (Ile(322) and Tyr(323)) of the human GnRH receptor allosterically increased ligand binding affinity for GnRH II but had little effect on GnRH I binding affinity.	Alanine	34-37	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	201-214
15967801-5	2005	We have demonstrated that certain Ala mutations in the intracellular segments of transmembrane domains 3 (Met(132)), 5 (Met(227)), 6 (Phe(272) and Phe(276)), and 7 (Ile(322) and Tyr(323)) of the human GnRH receptor allosterically increased ligand binding affinity for GnRH II but had little effect on GnRH I binding affinity.	Alanine	34-37	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	268-275
15967801-5	2005	We have demonstrated that certain Ala mutations in the intracellular segments of transmembrane domains 3 (Met(132)), 5 (Met(227)), 6 (Phe(272) and Phe(276)), and 7 (Ile(322) and Tyr(323)) of the human GnRH receptor allosterically increased ligand binding affinity for GnRH II but had little effect on GnRH I binding affinity.	Alanine	34-37	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	201-205
15919140-3	2005	We show that replacement of the single cysteine residue within P25 with amino acids such as alanine, aminobutyric acid, serine or with carboxymethylated cysteine leads to diminished immunogenicity of the vaccine and only the oxidised dimeric form of the peptide retains the full immunogenicity of the vaccine.	Alanine	92-99	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	63-66
16014723-9	2005	The substitution of S553 with alanine within L1 of the Nav1.6 channel prevents p38-mediated reduction of Nav1.6 current density.	Alanine	30-37	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	55-61
16014723-9	2005	The substitution of S553 with alanine within L1 of the Nav1.6 channel prevents p38-mediated reduction of Nav1.6 current density.	Alanine	30-37	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
15970700-6	2005	Accordingly, replacing with alanines five serine residues belonging to Polo kinase-dependent putative phosphorylation sites dramatically reduces Mad3 phosphorylation, suggesting that Mad3 is likely an in vivo target of Cdc5.	Alanine	28-36	polo kinase CDC5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	219-223
16123080-2	2005	Recently, it has been reported that the T54A (Thr54--&gt;Ala) polymorphism in exon 3 of the DAZL gene is associated with spermatogenic failure in the Taiwanese population.	Alanine	57-60	deleted in azoospermia like	Homo sapiens	92-96
16123080-5	2005	The T12A (Thr12--&gt;Ala) polymorphism in exon 2 of the DAZL gene was found at a similar frequency in the patients and controls, 15.4% and 13.7%, respectively (P = 0.67).	Alanine	21-24	deleted in azoospermia like	Homo sapiens	56-60
17491681-0	2005	Manganese superoxide dismutase alanine to valine polymorphism and risk of neuropathy and nephropathy in Egyptian type 1 diabetic patients.	Alanine	31-38	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
16147881-3	2005	The new allele was similar to HLA-DPB1*1601, however, it varied in two single nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in alanine residues at positions 55 and 56 of the mature protein rather than aspartic acid and glutamic acid, respectively.	Alanine	116-123	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1	Homo sapiens	30-38
15870890-7	2005	Rat Nlk gene encoded 515-aa Nlk protein with the serine/threonine kinase domain, poly(His) tracts and poly(Ala) tract, which showed 100, 99.8, 97.1 and 89.5% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Nlk, human NLK, Xenopus nlk and zebrafish nlk, respectively.	Alanine	107-110	nemo like kinase	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
15870890-7	2005	Rat Nlk gene encoded 515-aa Nlk protein with the serine/threonine kinase domain, poly(His) tracts and poly(Ala) tract, which showed 100, 99.8, 97.1 and 89.5% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Nlk, human NLK, Xenopus nlk and zebrafish nlk, respectively.	Alanine	107-110	nemo like kinase	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
15870890-7	2005	Rat Nlk gene encoded 515-aa Nlk protein with the serine/threonine kinase domain, poly(His) tracts and poly(Ala) tract, which showed 100, 99.8, 97.1 and 89.5% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Nlk, human NLK, Xenopus nlk and zebrafish nlk, respectively.	Alanine	107-110	nemo like kinase	Mus musculus	28-31
15809306-7	2005	Ala(657) in FAPalpha, instead of Asp(663) as in DP-PIV, reduces the acidity in this pocket, and this change could explain the lower affinity for N-terminal amines by FAPalpha.	Alanine	0-3	fibroblast activation protein alpha	Homo sapiens	12-20
15809306-7	2005	Ala(657) in FAPalpha, instead of Asp(663) as in DP-PIV, reduces the acidity in this pocket, and this change could explain the lower affinity for N-terminal amines by FAPalpha.	Alanine	0-3	fibroblast activation protein alpha	Homo sapiens	166-174
15769739-8	2005	Using an in vitro phosphatase assay with synthetic and recombinant forms of the cytoplasmic tail, it was shown that a double alanine mutant of Siglec-5 had weak, but significant SHP-1 activating properties similar to those of wild type, non-phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail, whereas a double phenylalanine mutant was inactive.	Alanine	125-132	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Homo sapiens	178-183
15769590-4	2005	In this comparative study, the molecular basis of interaction was examined between YPD1 and each of the three response regulator domains utilizing alanine scanning mutagenesis combined with a yeast two-hybrid assay.	Alanine	147-154	Ypd1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
15863367-8	2005	Cells transfected with a PLSCR1 mutant that contained an alanine substitution at its known PKC-delta phosphorylation site underwent UV induced apoptosis at a level similar to those transfected with wild type PLSCR1.	Alanine	57-64	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	91-100
15899702-3	2005	Cathepsin L, cathepsin K, plasmin, trypsin and tryptase were able to release elafin by cleaving the Lys 38 -Ala 39 peptide bond in trappin-2.	Alanine	108-111	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	26-33
15899702-3	2005	Cathepsin L, cathepsin K, plasmin, trypsin and tryptase were able to release elafin by cleaving the Lys 38 -Ala 39 peptide bond in trappin-2.	Alanine	108-111	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	77-83
15899702-3	2005	Cathepsin L, cathepsin K, plasmin, trypsin and tryptase were able to release elafin by cleaving the Lys 38 -Ala 39 peptide bond in trappin-2.	Alanine	108-111	peptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	131-140
15933380-2	2005	Recent evidences suggest that a genetic dimorphism that encodes for either alanine or valine in superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is involved with oxidative stress.	Alanine	75-82	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
15725337-2	2005	In the absence of glucose in the medium containing 5 microg/mL of insulin and 2 mm alanine + 5 mm glycerol + 0.5 mm octanoate, 100 nm melatonin stimulated both glucose and lactate synthesis, while in the medium devoid of insulin melatonin action was negligible.	Alanine	83-90	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-79
15751982-3	2005	This work has shown that a mutant of PLB, with all native cysteine residues replaced by alanine (Ala-PLB), runs as a monomer on SDS-PAGE gels, in agreement with previous studies [Karim et al.	Alanine	88-95	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	37-40
15751982-3	2005	This work has shown that a mutant of PLB, with all native cysteine residues replaced by alanine (Ala-PLB), runs as a monomer on SDS-PAGE gels, in agreement with previous studies [Karim et al.	Alanine	88-95	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	101-104
15738418-6	2005	Analysis of mutants in which the F-peptide serines were replaced by aspartic acids or alanines showed that F-peptide phosphorylation is required for the subcellular redistribution of hnRNP A1 in cells subjected to OSM.	Alanine	86-94	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Mus musculus	183-191
15618217-8	2005	By an alanine-scanning approach we identified two conserved negative charges in the N terminus of Tim17 as critical for Tim17 function.	Alanine	6-13	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17A	Homo sapiens	98-103
15618217-8	2005	By an alanine-scanning approach we identified two conserved negative charges in the N terminus of Tim17 as critical for Tim17 function.	Alanine	6-13	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 17A	Homo sapiens	120-125
15626695-1	2005	Using Brownian dynamics simulations, all of the charged residues in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cytochrome c(6) (cyt c(6)) and plastocyanin (PC) were mutated to alanine and their interactions with cytochrome f (cyt f) were modeled.	Alanine	159-166	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	94-109
15626695-1	2005	Using Brownian dynamics simulations, all of the charged residues in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cytochrome c(6) (cyt c(6)) and plastocyanin (PC) were mutated to alanine and their interactions with cytochrome f (cyt f) were modeled.	Alanine	159-166	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	111-119
15711538-6	2005	Mutation of all 15 Prk1p-targeted threonines in Pan1p to alanines mimicked the ark1Delta prk1Delta phenotype, demonstrating that Pan1p is a key Prk1p target in vivo.	Alanine	57-65	serine/threonine protein kinase ARK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-83
15583001-4	2005	A key ligand-binding residue in the KA2 subunit, threonine 675, was mutated to either alanine or glutamate, which eliminated affinity for the receptor ligands kainate and glutamate.	Alanine	86-93	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5	Homo sapiens	36-39
15574412-4	2005	Mutations of serine 332 or 336, which lie in the GSK-3 consensus motif (SXXXS) within PTB-2 or IRS-1, to alanine abolished their phosphorylation by GSK-3.	Alanine	105-112	insulin receptor substrate 1	Cricetulus griseus	95-100
15734954-5	2005	The common alleles of the CYP1B1 gene were Arg (79.97%) in codon 48, Ala (80.53%) in codon 119, and Leu (86.57%) in codon 432.	Alanine	69-72	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
15590697-0	2005	In vitro analysis of partial loss-of-function ZIC2 mutations in holoprosencephaly: alanine tract expansion modulates DNA binding and transactivation.	Alanine	83-90	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
15590697-7	2005	This region of ZIC2 contains an alanine-tract, and expansion of this domain is associated with HPE.	Alanine	32-39	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	15-19
15590697-8	2005	In vitro analysis of proteins with alterations in alanine-tract length illustrates that the C-terminal alanine-tract of ZIC2 influences the strength of DNA binding and alters transcriptional activity in a promoter-specific manner.	Alanine	50-57	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
15590697-8	2005	In vitro analysis of proteins with alterations in alanine-tract length illustrates that the C-terminal alanine-tract of ZIC2 influences the strength of DNA binding and alters transcriptional activity in a promoter-specific manner.	Alanine	103-110	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
15635628-4	2005	Ala- and D-scan investigations indicated that the sequence Phe6-Trp7-Lys8-Tyr9 is essential for biological activity and that Lys8 and Tyr9 are particularly important.	Alanine	0-3	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 7	Homo sapiens	64-68
15607727-0	2005	Three-dimensional structure prediction of bovine AP lyase, BAP1: prediction of interaction with DNA and alterations as a result of Arg176--&gt;Ala, Asp282--&gt;Ala, and His308--&gt;Asn mutations.	Alanine	143-146	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	49-57
15607727-0	2005	Three-dimensional structure prediction of bovine AP lyase, BAP1: prediction of interaction with DNA and alterations as a result of Arg176--&gt;Ala, Asp282--&gt;Ala, and His308--&gt;Asn mutations.	Alanine	160-163	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	49-57
16370490-0	2005	Identification of a new delta chain hemoglobin variant in a beta-thalassemia carrier: Hb A2-mumc [delta13(a10)Ala--&gt;Asp].	Alanine	110-113	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
15589819-2	2004	METHODS: Alanine or valine polymorphism in the signal peptide of Mn-SOD gene was evaluated using a primer pair to amplify a 107-bp fragment followed by digestion with NgoM IV.	Alanine	9-16	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	65-71
12803484-6	2003	DNA sequencing showed that this AChE is identical to that of the sensitive strains with the exception of three amino acids Met-82, Ala-262, and Tyr-327.	Alanine	131-134	neuroligin-4, Y-linked	Musca domestica	32-36
12780520-3	2003	The variation in case 50 led to a reading frameshift and a premature stop (TGA) at codon 125 and case 51 showed amino acid change at codon 448 (Val--&gt;Ala, GTG--&gt;GCG).	Alanine	153-156	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
12679019-3	2003	Here, the crystal structure of free human NKG2D and in silico and in vitro alanine-scanning mutagenesis analyses of the complex interfaces indicate that NKG2D recognition degeneracy is not explained by a classical induced-fit mechanism.	Alanine	75-82	killer cell lectin like receptor K1	Homo sapiens	153-158
12499375-10	2003	Ala(478) is located in the structural model of CPT I near the catalytic site and participates in the binding of malonyl-CoA in the low affinity site (Morillas, M., Gomez-Puertas, P., Rubi, B., Clotet, J., Arino, J., Valencia, A., Hegardt, F. G., Serra, D., and Asins, G. (2002) J. Biol.	Alanine	0-3	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
12631271-6	2003	Four mutations of threonines from the C-terminus of the Ntcp by alanines or tyrosines showed no effects on sodium-dependent taurocholate transport.	Alanine	64-72	solute carrier family 10 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
12685816-3	2003	For this purpose, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-alanine for aminopeptidase N, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-leucine for leucine aminopeptidase, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-glutamic acid for aminopeptidase A and 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-arginine for aminopeptidase B were employed.	Alanine	47-56	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	61-77
12427757-6	2003	Scanning clustered alanine substitution mutants library of NS5B revealed two sites on NS5B that binds nucleolin.	Alanine	19-26	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	102-111
12582120-3	2003	To investigate the molecular basis for interaction of Ypd1p with these response regulator domains, we used an approach that coupled alanine-scanning mutagenesis of surface-exposed residues in Ypd1p with a yeast two-hybrid interaction screen.	Alanine	132-139	Ypd1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-59
12556497-7	2003	Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced LEF-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by NLK.	Alanine	29-36	lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
12568929-6	2003	We also determined the recognition structure of EDA(+)FN for Hep by an inhibition experiment on the heparin binding domain II (HepII) in EDA(+)FN with the synthetic peptides, Arg-Arg-Ala-Arg (RRAR), Asp-Gln-Ala-Arg (DNAR), Ile-Lys-Tyr-Glu-Lys (IKYEK), and Gly-Arg-Lys-Lys-Try (GRKKT).	Alanine	183-186	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	48-51
12171601-8	2002	However, further analysis revealed receptor sensitivity to alanine mutations in this domain, as the more conservative substitution hPAR(2)N222Q displayed no change in response to PAR(2) agonists.	Alanine	59-66	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	132-138
12482029-5	2002	Conversion of E1046 to either arginine (E 1046R), alanine (E1046A), aspartic acid (E1046D) or glutamine (E1046Q) abolished Jak2 kinase activity as measured by autophosphorylation assays.	Alanine	50-57	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
12542746-4	2002	Moreover, MICA exon 5 presents a microsatellite polymorphism consisting of a variable number of GCT repeats that encode for 4, 5, 6, 9, or 10 alanine residues, and a variant (MICA A5.1) that includes a nucleotide insertion (GCT--&gt;GGCT).	Alanine	142-149	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	10-14
12239216-5	2002	In addition, mutating the two phenylalanine residues in the PIP-box to alanine or aspartic acid reduces binding to PCNA, confirming that the PIP-box in RRM3 is responsible for interaction with PCNA.	Alanine	36-43	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	115-119
12239216-5	2002	In addition, mutating the two phenylalanine residues in the PIP-box to alanine or aspartic acid reduces binding to PCNA, confirming that the PIP-box in RRM3 is responsible for interaction with PCNA.	Alanine	36-43	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	193-197
12417259-5	2002	When a MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate)-derived peptide substrate (Gly-Ala-Gln-Phe-Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Arg-Arg) and the M2 gene segment of the reovirus type 3 peptide substrate (Gly-Asn-Ala-Ser-Ser-Ile-Lys-Lys-Lys) were used, hNMT activity was increased by approximately 8.5- and 7-fold, respectively.	Alanine	93-96	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	7-13
12445460-4	2002	Both the N-terminal regulatory domain of annexin XI (Anx11N) and the ALG-2-binding domain of Alix/AIP1 are rich in Pro, Gly, Ala, Tyr and Gln.	Alanine	125-128	annexin A11	Homo sapiens	41-51
12414900-3	2002	The mutation is located within the RNA-recognition motif (aa 32-117) domain of the DAZL protein and will lead to Thr54--&gt;Ala change (T54A) of DAZL protein.	Alanine	124-127	deleted in azoospermia like	Homo sapiens	83-87
12414900-3	2002	The mutation is located within the RNA-recognition motif (aa 32-117) domain of the DAZL protein and will lead to Thr54--&gt;Ala change (T54A) of DAZL protein.	Alanine	124-127	deleted in azoospermia like	Homo sapiens	145-149
12513020-7	2002	Only his mother"s DNA was available for mutation analysis, which revealed a nucleotide transition of C to T (1058 C --&gt; T), a hotspot mutation in DKC, resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to valine (A353V) in the DKC1 gene.	Alanine	193-200	dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1	Homo sapiens	149-152
12513020-7	2002	Only his mother"s DNA was available for mutation analysis, which revealed a nucleotide transition of C to T (1058 C --&gt; T), a hotspot mutation in DKC, resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to valine (A353V) in the DKC1 gene.	Alanine	193-200	dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1	Homo sapiens	226-230
12382038-1	2002	Cysteine desulfurase is a pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-cysteine to L-alanine and sulfane sulfur via the formation of a protein-bound cysteine persulfide intermediate on a conserved cysteine residue.	Alanine	131-140	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	50-53
12241545-5	2002	Secondly, we sought to delineate the role of substrate residues in PAPP-A-mediated cleavage by the construction and analysis of 30 IGFBP-4 mutants in which various residues were replaced by alanine, by the analysis of eight mutants of IGFBP-5 (found recently to be a second PAPP-A substrate), and by cleavage analysis of synthetic peptides derived from IGFBP-4.	Alanine	190-197	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
12450325-3	2002	The result of Ala-scanning indicated that the N-terminal tripeptide RYY(= Arg-Tyr-Tyr) is crucially important for binding to the ORL1 receptor.	Alanine	14-17	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
12213412-4	2002	A Nef mutant with simple alanine substitutions at the myristoylation and dileucine sites was impaired in its ability to elicit Nef-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses.	Alanine	25-32	TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	2-5
12213412-4	2002	A Nef mutant with simple alanine substitutions at the myristoylation and dileucine sites was impaired in its ability to elicit Nef-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses.	Alanine	25-32	TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	127-130
12198155-5	2002	Similar results were obtained with an IP3R-3 mutant carrying a conservative point mutation in the selectivity filter region of the channel (D2477E); however, an IP3R-3 mutant in which this same aspartate was replaced by alanine (D2477A) failed to restore either BCR-induced Ca2+ release or receptor-dependent Ba2+ entry.	Alanine	220-227	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	161-167
12186895-6	2002	The processing site in Vif was characterized both in vivo and in vitro and mapped to Ala(150).	Alanine	85-88	vif protein	Simian immunodeficiency virus	23-26
12192050-9	2002	IR-induced apoptosis was restored in Chk2(-/-) thymocytes by reintroduction of the wild-type Chk2 gene but not by a Chk2 gene in which the sites phosphorylated by ATM and ataxia telangiectasia and rad3(+) related (ATR) were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	235-242	checkpoint kinase 2	Mus musculus	37-41
12101005-9	2002	The finding that L-alanine uptake by the gland was inhibited by BCH suggests that LAT2 may make a significant contribution to neutral amino acid uptake by the mammary epithelium.	Alanine	17-26	linker for activation of T cells family, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
12023286-7	2002	CIB engineered to contain alanine substitutions in the implicated regions retained wild type secondary structure as determined by circular dichroism, yet failed to bind alpha(IIb) in 11 of 12 cases, whereas CIB mutated within the N terminus retained binding activity.	Alanine	26-33	calcium and integrin binding 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15364927-2	2004	Here we show that via its acidic domain, Daxx binds to the COOH-terminal domain of p53, whose positive charges are critical for this interaction, as Lys to Arg mutations preserved, but Lys to Ala or Ser to Glu mutations abolished Daxx-p53 interaction.	Alanine	192-195	death domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	41-45
15308623-6	2004	Mutation of serine 37 (a target of GSK3beta) to an alanine renders beta-catenin resistant to the degradatory action of PPARgamma.	Alanine	51-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	119-128
15331175-3	2004	For women carrying the MPO variant genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala) was 3.26 (95% CI, 1.55-6.83).	Alanine	108-111	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
15331175-3	2004	For women carrying the MPO variant genotypes, the adjusted odds ratio of the SOD2 polymorphism (Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala) was 3.26 (95% CI, 1.55-6.83).	Alanine	112-115	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
17427040-6	2007	We have generated mutated versions of the A. thaliana Shaggy-like kinase 3-2 (AtSK3-2), in which Lys(167) and Arg(178), respectively homologues to Lys(85) and Arg(96) of the mammal GSK3beta, were modified into Ala by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	210-213	shaggy-like protein kinase 32	Arabidopsis thaliana	78-85
11991804-4	2002	A notable structural feature of XlGSTM1-1 is the presence of the Cys-139 residue in place of the Glu-139, as well as the absence of the Cys-114 residue, present in other Mu-class GSTs, which is replaced by Ala.	Alanine	206-209	glutathione S-transferase mu 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	32-41
17298950-8	2007	The alanine substitutions in the p120-uncoupled construct reduced endocytosis of the protein, indicating that this motif was dominant to p120 binding in the control of E-cadherin endocytosis.	Alanine	4-11	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
12151789-2	2002	A non-synonymous polymorphism (exon 2, C to T exchange leading to ala-->val substitution) of the gene encoding catD (CTSD) was previously associated with AD, in that the T allele increased the risk for AD.	Alanine	66-69	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	111-115
15543946-6	2004	We generated a series of charge-based substitution mutations at position 1113 and found that conversion of arginine 1113 to glutamic acid, alanine, or lysine prevented Jak2 autophosphorylation.	Alanine	139-146	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
12151789-2	2002	A non-synonymous polymorphism (exon 2, C to T exchange leading to ala-->val substitution) of the gene encoding catD (CTSD) was previously associated with AD, in that the T allele increased the risk for AD.	Alanine	66-69	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	117-121
17298950-8	2007	The alanine substitutions in the p120-uncoupled construct reduced endocytosis of the protein, indicating that this motif was dominant to p120 binding in the control of E-cadherin endocytosis.	Alanine	4-11	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
17229696-2	2007	Previous studies demonstrated that the substitution of alanine for each of four arginine residues, which reside on the positively charged surface of UL42, resulted in decreased DNA binding affinity and a decreased ability to synthesize long-chain DNA by the polymerase.	Alanine	55-62	DNA polymerase processivity subunit	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	149-153
11997397-4	2002	The insertion of an alanine between Pro-1 and Met-2 (PAM) abolishes a non-physiological catalytic activity, and this mutant is defective in the in vitro glucocorticoid counter-regulatory activity of MIF.	Alanine	20-27	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	199-202
15184376-5	2004	Our data show that UV light inhibits translation of IkappaB in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF(S/S)) and that this inhibition is prevented in MEF(A/A) cells in which the phosphorylation site, Ser-51 in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha-subunit, is replaced with a non-phosphorylatable Ala (S51A).	Alanine	312-315	E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription factor)	Mus musculus	150-153
15241477-4	2004	MAP kinase (MAPK) contributes to this phosphorylation, as inhibiting MAPK or altering MAPK consensus sites in Bub1 to alanine or valine (Bub1(5AV)) abolishes the phosphorylation and activation on chromosomes.	Alanine	118-125	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-10
17251291-4	2007	A CXCR3 variant carrying the CXCR4 binding pocket was constructed by simultaneous lysine-to-alanine and serine-to-glutamate substitutions at positions 300 and 304 of the CXCR3 receptor.	Alanine	92-99	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	2-7
15241477-4	2004	MAP kinase (MAPK) contributes to this phosphorylation, as inhibiting MAPK or altering MAPK consensus sites in Bub1 to alanine or valine (Bub1(5AV)) abolishes the phosphorylation and activation on chromosomes.	Alanine	118-125	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	12-16
15241477-4	2004	MAP kinase (MAPK) contributes to this phosphorylation, as inhibiting MAPK or altering MAPK consensus sites in Bub1 to alanine or valine (Bub1(5AV)) abolishes the phosphorylation and activation on chromosomes.	Alanine	118-125	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	110-114
15241477-4	2004	MAP kinase (MAPK) contributes to this phosphorylation, as inhibiting MAPK or altering MAPK consensus sites in Bub1 to alanine or valine (Bub1(5AV)) abolishes the phosphorylation and activation on chromosomes.	Alanine	118-125	BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	137-141
12056893-4	2002	The single proline to alanine mutation in the S/TPKK motifs either singly or in combination resulted in only a 20% decrease in the DNA-condensation property of histone H1.	Alanine	22-29	H1.0 linker histone	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 38 member 4	Homo sapiens	342-347
11937500-3	2002	The expression of rat NHE3 significantly decreased PKA-dependent activation of CFTR without altering CFTR expression, and this decrease was prevented by mutation of either of the two rat NHE3 PKA target serines to alanine (S552A or S605A).	Alanine	214-221	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
11937500-3	2002	The expression of rat NHE3 significantly decreased PKA-dependent activation of CFTR without altering CFTR expression, and this decrease was prevented by mutation of either of the two rat NHE3 PKA target serines to alanine (S552A or S605A).	Alanine	214-221	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
15282673-8	2004	Molecular analysis revealed that the patient had GCC--&gt;GAC alteration at codon 27 (beta27(B9)Ala--&gt;Asp) causing the abnormal hemoglobin Volga.	Alanine	96-99	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	49-52
15226270-7	2004	Furthermore, alanine scanning of the linker region demonstrated that the Phe(732), Leu(742) and Gly(743) in the TLR3 cytoplasmic linker region are essential for ligand-induced NF-kappaB and IFN-beta promoter activation.	Alanine	13-20	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
12060683-1	2002	The second and third amino acid residues of the N-terminal arm of most Hox protein homeodomains are basic (lysine or arginine), whereas they are asparagine and alanine, respectively, in the Hoxa1 homeodomain.	Alanine	160-167	homeobox A1	Homo sapiens	190-195
12060683-4	2002	Here, we have analysed the transcriptional activity of a Hoxa1(NA-KR) mutant for which the asparagine and alanine residues of the homeodomain have been replaced by lysine and arginine, respectively.	Alanine	106-113	homeobox A1	Homo sapiens	57-62
17465268-9	2007	It was concluded that MnSOD Ala allele might be the cause of prostate cancer risk among alcohol users.	Alanine	28-31	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
12079500-7	2002	Mutation of the conserved glycine (G147) to alanine eliminated binding of the 5-HT3R antagonist [3H]granisetron.	Alanine	44-51	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 3A	Mus musculus	78-84
11904305-4	2002	Mutation of these sites to alanines decreases by half the MAPK-dependent transcriptional activity of Sp1, in the context of the VEGF promoter, in SL2 Drosophila cells devoid of the endogenous Sp1 protein.	Alanine	27-35	PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	128-132
17142835-11	2007	PKC-dependent myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylation in epsilonPKC knock-out cells revealed that only a subset of the peptides were selective for epsilonPKC over other PKC isozymes.	Alanine	28-35	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	0-3
11997522-10	2002	Stable expression of Ala(168,170) NFATc4, but not of wild-type NFATc4, increases the expression of PPAR gamma, which contributes in part to increased adipocyte formation.	Alanine	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	99-109
15247771-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: The GPX1 Pro/Leu genotype may significantly increase the risk of bladder cancer and the increased risk may be modified by the Ala-9Val MnSOD polymorphism.	Alanine	139-142	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	148-153
15194494-4	2004	Here the D(69) of a V5-tagged mouse CLR has been mutated to Ala (A), Glu (E), and Asn (N).	Alanine	60-63	calcitonin receptor	Mus musculus	36-39
17142835-11	2007	PKC-dependent myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylation in epsilonPKC knock-out cells revealed that only a subset of the peptides were selective for epsilonPKC over other PKC isozymes.	Alanine	28-35	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	86-89
17098255-6	2007	In contrast, a replacement of C74 by Ser or Ala only marginally affected activity and specificity of DmGPx.	Alanine	44-47	PHGPx	Drosophila melanogaster	101-106
15228603-1	2004	A few naturally occurring insect tachykinin-related peptides, such as stomoxytachykinin (Stc-TK), contain an Ala-residue instead of the highly conserved Gly-residue that is present in most other members of this peptide family.	Alanine	109-112	Tachykinin	Drosophila melanogaster	33-43
11842083-6	2002	Replacement of alanine and serine for the dileucine pair (Leu(489)-Leu(490)) critical for targeting GLUT4 from the trans-Golgi network to the perinuclear intracellular store as well as for its surface internalization by endocytosis inhibits 2-fold the interaction of C-GLUT4 with Daxx.	Alanine	15-22	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
11842083-6	2002	Replacement of alanine and serine for the dileucine pair (Leu(489)-Leu(490)) critical for targeting GLUT4 from the trans-Golgi network to the perinuclear intracellular store as well as for its surface internalization by endocytosis inhibits 2-fold the interaction of C-GLUT4 with Daxx.	Alanine	15-22	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	267-274
11842083-6	2002	Replacement of alanine and serine for the dileucine pair (Leu(489)-Leu(490)) critical for targeting GLUT4 from the trans-Golgi network to the perinuclear intracellular store as well as for its surface internalization by endocytosis inhibits 2-fold the interaction of C-GLUT4 with Daxx.	Alanine	15-22	death domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	280-284
16973761-5	2007	Mutating Asp2.61(97) to Glu or Ala, Asn2.65(101) to Ala, or Lys3.32(120) to Gln decreased potency of GnRH II-stimulated inositol phosphate production.	Alanine	31-34	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	101-108
12023024-7	2002	Correspondingly, Smad7 bound poorly to a mutant ALK-4 bearing serine to alanine substitutions in four putative phosphorylation sites in its GS domain.	Alanine	72-79	SMAD family member 7	Mus musculus	17-22
12023024-7	2002	Correspondingly, Smad7 bound poorly to a mutant ALK-4 bearing serine to alanine substitutions in four putative phosphorylation sites in its GS domain.	Alanine	72-79	activin A receptor, type 1B	Mus musculus	48-53
15107472-2	2004	A threonine to alanine point mutation has been inserted at amino acid position 692 of the NR2D subunit (T692A).	Alanine	15-22	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2D L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	90-94
16973761-5	2007	Mutating Asp2.61(97) to Glu or Ala, Asn2.65(101) to Ala, or Lys3.32(120) to Gln decreased potency of GnRH II-stimulated inositol phosphate production.	Alanine	52-55	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	101-108
15122758-6	2004	Expression of recombinant mALT1 and mALT2 proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) produced functional enzymes that catalyze alanine transamination.	Alanine	123-130	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	36-41
16973761-10	2007	GnRH II showed a large decrease in potency at the Asn2.65(101)Ala mutant compared with analogs lacking the CO group of Gly10NH2.	Alanine	62-65	gonadotropin releasing hormone 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
11844803-8	2002	EKLF/KLF-1 containing histidine to alanine mutations that disrupt the structure of all three fingers retains appropriate nuclear localization, indicating that neither the tertiary structure of the zinc fingers nor specific DNA binding are necessary for nuclear localization.	Alanine	35-42	Kruppel like factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17453414-3	2007	In this paper, we created four mutants in the human AE1 C-terminus by deletion of the residues Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(896)-Glu(899), Asp(902)-Glu(906) and Val(907)-Val(911), to investigate the role of these sequences in functional expression of AE1.	Alanine	95-98	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-55
11844803-8	2002	EKLF/KLF-1 containing histidine to alanine mutations that disrupt the structure of all three fingers retains appropriate nuclear localization, indicating that neither the tertiary structure of the zinc fingers nor specific DNA binding are necessary for nuclear localization.	Alanine	35-42	Kruppel like factor 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
11854269-4	2002	We show here, in digests with native human aggrecan, that purified ADAMTS4 cleaves primarily at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site, but also, albeit slowly and secondarily, at the Asn(341)-Phe(342) site.	Alanine	109-112	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	67-74
11966977-0	2002	Synthesis and biological evaluation on hMC3, hMC4 and hMC5 receptors of gamma-MSH analogs substituted with L-alanine.	Alanine	107-116	melanocortin 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
14662755-4	2004	Expressing a series of domain deletion mutants in mammalian cells and examining their aggrecan-degrading and general proteolytic activities, we found that full-length ADAMTS-4 of 70 kDa was the most effective aggrecanase, but it exhibited little activity against the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond, the site originally characterized as a signature of aggrecanase activity.	Alanine	276-279	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	167-175
17453414-5	2007	Western blotting showed that deletions of Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(896)-Glu(899), and Val(907)-Val(911) induced high expression of AE1, whereas loss of Asp(902)-Glu(906) results in stable low expression.	Alanine	42-45	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-132
17453414-7	2007	Ala(891)-Phe(895), Asp(902)-Glu(906) and Val(907)-Val(911) mutants exhibited lower levels of trafficking to the plasma membrane compared with WT AE1, while the Asp(896)-Glu(899) mutant was more highly expressed at the plasma membrane.	Alanine	0-3	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	145-148
11723118-9	2002	Ala-scan structure activity studies indicated the importance of basic residues in the P(4), P(5), and P(6) positions for inhibition of SPC1.	Alanine	0-3	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	135-139
17822322-11	2007	Progression of the disease might be further modified by the presence of Ala/Ala genotype of the SOD2.	Alanine	72-75	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
11874464-3	2002	In this study, the gamma(c) residues involved in IL-4 binding were defined by alanine-scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	78-85	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	19-27
17822322-11	2007	Progression of the disease might be further modified by the presence of Ala/Ala genotype of the SOD2.	Alanine	76-79	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
14662768-4	2004	In the present study, we used kinetic interaction analysis of alanine-scanning mutational variants of IL5Ralpha to define the residues involved in IL5 recognition.	Alanine	62-69	interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	102-111
17141920-7	2007	Gly- and Ala-containing tachykinins are both encoded in the Drosophila tachykinin precursor, thus raising the question of whether DTKR can also distinguish between these two tachykinin types.	Alanine	9-12	Tachykinin	Drosophila melanogaster	24-34
14662768-4	2004	In the present study, we used kinetic interaction analysis of alanine-scanning mutational variants of IL5Ralpha to define the residues involved in IL5 recognition.	Alanine	62-69	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	102-105
11863375-1	2002	Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate, and thereby has a key role in the intermediary metabolism of glucose and amino acids.	Alanine	79-86	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
11865044-6	2002	Alanine-scanning analysis of the highly conserved seven (six in Pex5pS) pentapeptide WXXXF/Y motifs residing at the N-terminal region indicated that these motifs were essential for the interaction of Pex5p with Pex14p and Pex13p.	Alanine	0-7	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5	Homo sapiens	64-69
14960371-5	2004	NR1 prefers smaller ligands (glycine, serine, and alanine) in comparison with GluRB and GluR0 that bind l-glutamate: the bulky side chain of W731 in NR1 dramatically reduces the size of the ligand-binding site, functioning to selectively restrict recognition to glycine and the d-isomers of serine and alanine.	Alanine	302-309	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17141920-7	2007	Gly- and Ala-containing tachykinins are both encoded in the Drosophila tachykinin precursor, thus raising the question of whether DTKR can also distinguish between these two tachykinin types.	Alanine	9-12	Tachykinin	Drosophila melanogaster	71-81
14960371-5	2004	NR1 prefers smaller ligands (glycine, serine, and alanine) in comparison with GluRB and GluR0 that bind l-glutamate: the bulky side chain of W731 in NR1 dramatically reduces the size of the ligand-binding site, functioning to selectively restrict recognition to glycine and the d-isomers of serine and alanine.	Alanine	302-309	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
16893889-6	2006	Mutations of these residues to alanine impaired GSK-3beta phosphorylation of several substrates, without abrogating its autocatalytic activity.	Alanine	31-38	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	48-57
14735585-3	2004	The mutation changes a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at amino acid residue 72, which is within the most evolutionarily conserved region of the ND6 protein.	Alanine	44-51	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	154-157
11734558-1	2002	In an attempt to determine which amino acid(s) of LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, plays a critical role in the interaction with CCR5, we generated six LD78beta variants with an amino acid substituted to Ala at the NH(2) terminus of LD78beta.	Alanine	240-243	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	50-58
17055361-6	2006	The novel allele A*2630 is identical to A*2603 at exon 2 and exon 3 except for a nonsynonymous change at codon 90 (GAC--&gt;GCC), changed from Aspartic acid to Alanine.	Alanine	160-167	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	124-127
11719519-7	2002	The notion that the effect of PAO is mediated by stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation-induced endocytosis of ROMK1 has also been supported by findings that mutating the tyrosine residue 337 of ROMK1 to alanine abolished the effect of PAO.	Alanine	202-209	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
11719519-7	2002	The notion that the effect of PAO is mediated by stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation-induced endocytosis of ROMK1 has also been supported by findings that mutating the tyrosine residue 337 of ROMK1 to alanine abolished the effect of PAO.	Alanine	202-209	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
14594804-4	2004	Alanine substitutions at the distal P4" (Glu-350) and P5" (Glu-351) residues of PAI-1 reduced the rates of Michaelis complex formation (k(a)) and overall inhibition (k(app)) with tPA by 13.4- and 4.7-fold, respectively, whereas the rate of loop insertion or final acyl-enzyme formation (k(lim)) increased by 3.3-fold.	Alanine	0-7	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	289-292
16840712-2	2006	We recorded membrane currents from human embryonic kidney cells expressing P2X subunits and found that lysine-to-alanine substitutions at equivalent positions in the P2X3 receptor (Lys63 and Lys299) also prevented channel function.	Alanine	113-120	purinergic receptor P2X 3	Homo sapiens	166-170
14691263-5	2004	Mutating a tyrosine residue (Tyr-555) in the N-terminal part of the third transmembrane domain to an alanine strongly impairs activation of TRPV4 by 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate and heat but has no effect on activation by cell swelling or AA.	Alanine	101-108	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
11823643-5	2002	Replacement of the conserved Asn by Ala resulted in constitutive p300 interaction and strong transcriptional activity.	Alanine	36-39	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	65-69
16849321-7	2006	Alanine substitutions of residues Leu-27, Phe-32, Phe-35, and Phe-48 in the lipoyl-binding pocket of PDK3 similarly nullify L2 binding and L2-stimulated PDK3 activity.	Alanine	0-7	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-105
11684677-5	2002	Thus, four variants of TAFI having either Ala or Thr at position 147 and either Thr or Ile at position 325 were stably expressed in baby hamster kidney cells and purified to homogeneity.	Alanine	42-45	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	23-27
15535847-3	2004	A T --&gt; C substitution in the MnSOD gene results in a Val --&gt; Ala change at the -9 position of the mitochondrial targeting sequence (Val-9Ala), which alters the protein secondary structure and thus affects transport of MnSOD into the mitochondria.	Alanine	68-71	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
15535847-3	2004	A T --&gt; C substitution in the MnSOD gene results in a Val --&gt; Ala change at the -9 position of the mitochondrial targeting sequence (Val-9Ala), which alters the protein secondary structure and thus affects transport of MnSOD into the mitochondria.	Alanine	68-71	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	225-230
14506259-3	2003	The catalytic efficiency of CDK2-cyclin A is impaired 2000-, 10-, and 150-fold, when Pro+1, Lys+2, or Lys+3, respectively, is substituted with Ala in a short synthetic peptide substrate.	Alanine	143-146	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
14664713-8	2003	These data indicate that substitution of Ala(8) in GLP-1 with Abu or Val confers resistance to DPP IV inactivation and that (Val(8))GLP-1 is a particularly potent N-terminally modified GLP-1 analogue of possible use in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	41-44	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	51-56
11754738-5	2002	The role of the two LxxLL motifs, AhR[50-54] and [224-228], has now been analyzed by determining the localization of AhR and its transcriptional activity with Leu to Ala mutations in full-length AhR.	Alanine	166-169	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	34-37
16849321-7	2006	Alanine substitutions of residues Leu-27, Phe-32, Phe-35, and Phe-48 in the lipoyl-binding pocket of PDK3 similarly nullify L2 binding and L2-stimulated PDK3 activity.	Alanine	0-7	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	153-157
16844694-5	2006	Single alanine replacements for each individual position resulted in a relative receptor affinity of 4.0% (B16), 6.1% (B19), and 0.5% (B27).	Alanine	7-14	eva-1 homolog C	Homo sapiens	119-122
12192613-5	2002	Functionally relevant DRD2 amino acid variants (Ser(310), Cys(311)) were rare or were not found at all (Ala(96)).	Alanine	104-107	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	22-26
16950116-6	2006	Interestingly, changing S844 to unphosphorylatable alanine (S844A) has no effect on the kinase activity of Mps1, although it abolishes the checkpoint function of Mps1.	Alanine	51-58	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MPS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	162-166
11742072-3	2001	The derepression of Mak activity was associated with a single base change at position 71 (codon 24) of the gene, where GCC (alanine) in Mak-o has been changed to GAC (aspartate) in Mak(+).	Alanine	124-131	male germ cell associated kinase	Homo sapiens	20-23
11742072-3	2001	The derepression of Mak activity was associated with a single base change at position 71 (codon 24) of the gene, where GCC (alanine) in Mak-o has been changed to GAC (aspartate) in Mak(+).	Alanine	124-131	male germ cell associated kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
14580204-8	2003	Additionally, scanning alanine mutagenesis identified four amino acid residues at the N-terminus of Cdc37 that are critical for high-affinity binding of Cdc37 to client HRI molecules.	Alanine	23-30	cell division cycle 37, HSP90 cochaperone	Homo sapiens	100-105
14580204-8	2003	Additionally, scanning alanine mutagenesis identified four amino acid residues at the N-terminus of Cdc37 that are critical for high-affinity binding of Cdc37 to client HRI molecules.	Alanine	23-30	cell division cycle 37, HSP90 cochaperone	Homo sapiens	153-158
14580204-8	2003	Additionally, scanning alanine mutagenesis identified four amino acid residues at the N-terminus of Cdc37 that are critical for high-affinity binding of Cdc37 to client HRI molecules.	Alanine	23-30	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
16807759-7	2006	Our results suggest that Ala/Val polymorphism of the SOD2 gene could be associated with the risk of developing methamphetamine psychosis.	Alanine	25-28	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	53-57
14656037-8	2003	The TC II G810A variant is a silent mutation without replacement of the corresponding amino acid (alanine) at position 270 in the TC II protein and was only found as a heterozygous genotype in a single patient.	Alanine	98-105	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
14656037-8	2003	The TC II G810A variant is a silent mutation without replacement of the corresponding amino acid (alanine) at position 270 in the TC II protein and was only found as a heterozygous genotype in a single patient.	Alanine	98-105	transcobalamin 2	Homo sapiens	130-135
11584018-8	2001	In contrast, mutant CDP/Cux proteins in which serines 1237 and 1270 were replaced with alanines were not affected by cyclin A-Cdk1.	Alanine	87-95	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
11584018-8	2001	In contrast, mutant CDP/Cux proteins in which serines 1237 and 1270 were replaced with alanines were not affected by cyclin A-Cdk1.	Alanine	87-95	cut like homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
16274960-8	2006	Accordingly, we detect apical delivery of a gp130 mutant in which the di-leucine motif has been exchanged by two alanines (gp130LL/AA).	Alanine	113-121	interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer	Canis lupus familiaris	44-49
11780640-5	2001	Two features found in the amino-terminus of PUM2, regions rich in serine and glutamine/alanine-rich regions, were also identified in most Puf family members.	Alanine	87-94	pumilio RNA-binding family member 2	Mus musculus	44-48
14573638-2	2003	A decapeptide containing the first three amino acids (SAS) of the light chain CDR1 was selected and optimized by alanine replacement of a single residue.	Alanine	113-120	cerebellar degeneration related antigen 1	Mus musculus	78-82
16820878-7	2006	Furthermore, based on the immunohistochemical findings of the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX, while weak expression of CAIX was observed after ALA-PDT in an area relatively close to the surface, a positive area extended to the deeper layers after PDT+HT compared with ALA-PDT.	Alanine	148-151	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	76-97
12888558-5	2003	Truncated CXCR2 receptors retained their ability to form oligomers only if the region between the amino acids Ala-106 and Lys-163 was present.	Alanine	110-113	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	172-179	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	79-108
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	172-179	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	172-179	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
11553629-6	2001	When the critical histidine residue 473 in CPT I (327 in COT), localized in the acyl-CoA pocket in the model, was mutated to alanine, the catalytic activity was abolished.	Alanine	125-132	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
11553629-6	2001	When the critical histidine residue 473 in CPT I (327 in COT), localized in the acyl-CoA pocket in the model, was mutated to alanine, the catalytic activity was abolished.	Alanine	125-132	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
14523239-6	2003	We found that mutation of S800 to alanine significantly reduced the PMA-induced enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents and the direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA.	Alanine	34-41	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
11553629-7	2001	Mutation of the conserved alanine residue to aspartic acid, A381D (in CPT I) and A238D (in COT), which are 92/89 amino acids far from the catalytic histidine, respectively (but very close to the acyl-CoA pocket in the structural model), decreased the activity by 86 and 80%, respectively.	Alanine	26-33	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
16820878-7	2006	Furthermore, based on the immunohistochemical findings of the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX, while weak expression of CAIX was observed after ALA-PDT in an area relatively close to the surface, a positive area extended to the deeper layers after PDT+HT compared with ALA-PDT.	Alanine	148-151	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	124-128
11553629-7	2001	Mutation of the conserved alanine residue to aspartic acid, A381D (in CPT I) and A238D (in COT), which are 92/89 amino acids far from the catalytic histidine, respectively (but very close to the acyl-CoA pocket in the structural model), decreased the activity by 86 and 80%, respectively.	Alanine	26-33	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
11567024-4	2001	In an EST data base search for cDNAs homologous to MM-1, we found a frequent substitution of amino acid 157 of MM-1, from alanine to arginine (A157R), and the substitution was observed more in tumor cells than in normal cells.	Alanine	122-129	prefoldin subunit 5	Homo sapiens	51-55
11567024-4	2001	In an EST data base search for cDNAs homologous to MM-1, we found a frequent substitution of amino acid 157 of MM-1, from alanine to arginine (A157R), and the substitution was observed more in tumor cells than in normal cells.	Alanine	122-129	prefoldin subunit 5	Homo sapiens	111-115
14523239-8	2003	Conversely, mutation of T704 to alanine had no effect on PMA enhancement of capsaicin-evoked currents but dramatically reduced direct activation of TRPV1 by PMA.	Alanine	32-39	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
16820878-7	2006	Furthermore, based on the immunohistochemical findings of the expression of carbonic anhydrase IX, while weak expression of CAIX was observed after ALA-PDT in an area relatively close to the surface, a positive area extended to the deeper layers after PDT+HT compared with ALA-PDT.	Alanine	273-276	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	124-128
12857732-2	2003	Two serine residues in hNaSi-1, at positions 260 and 288, are conserved in all of the sulfate transporters in the family whereas the NaDC contain alanine or threonine at those positions.	Alanine	146-153	solute carrier family 13 member 1	Homo sapiens	23-30
11747625-0	2001	Mapping of IFN-beta epitopes important for receptor binding and biologic activation: comparison of results achieved using antibody-based methods and alanine substitution mutagenesis.	Alanine	149-156	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-19
16847314-7	2006	The seven cysteine residues located in the cytoplasmic domain of DR4 were individually point mutated to alanines.	Alanine	104-112	TNF receptor superfamily member 10a	Homo sapiens	65-68
11602754-0	2001	Structural and functional analysis of interhelical interactions in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 envelope glycoprotein by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	137-144	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	112-133
11502743-6	2001	Importantly, rather than inhibiting it, Cyclin A-Cdk2 stimulated the initiation activity of pol-prim containing a triple N-terminal alanine mutant of the p180 subunit.	Alanine	132-139	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
12972323-1	2003	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) is involved in endocrine and immune functions via cleavage of regulatory peptides with a N-terminal proline or alanine such as incretins, neuropeptide Y, or several chemokines.	Alanine	143-150	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
12972323-1	2003	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) is involved in endocrine and immune functions via cleavage of regulatory peptides with a N-terminal proline or alanine such as incretins, neuropeptide Y, or several chemokines.	Alanine	143-150	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
11502743-6	2001	Importantly, rather than inhibiting it, Cyclin A-Cdk2 stimulated the initiation activity of pol-prim containing a triple N-terminal alanine mutant of the p180 subunit.	Alanine	132-139	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	154-158
16734789-10	2006	We provide the first evidence that the amidase indeed cleaves the amide bond between N-acetyl muramic acid and L-alanine.	Alanine	111-120	AT695_RS13185	Staphylococcus aureus	39-46
12963865-3	2003	An alanine repeat polymorphism is present in the MICA transmembrane region, for which several disease associations have been reported.	Alanine	3-10	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	49-53
11443113-8	2001	Our results indicate that (i) residues Ile-54 and Phe-50 are important in maintaining native ACP conformation, (ii) residue Ala-59 may be directly involved in stabilization of ACP structure by acyl chain binding, and (iii) acyl-ACP synthetase requires native ACP conformation and involves interaction with fatty acid binding pocket residues, whereas myristoyl-ACP thioesterase is insensitive to acyl donor structure.	Alanine	124-127	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	93-96
16716194-6	2006	However, a mutant AICD (AICDa), in which Thr668 of AICD was replaced with Ala, was also mostly localized to the nucleus.	Alanine	74-77	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	18-22
11443113-8	2001	Our results indicate that (i) residues Ile-54 and Phe-50 are important in maintaining native ACP conformation, (ii) residue Ala-59 may be directly involved in stabilization of ACP structure by acyl chain binding, and (iii) acyl-ACP synthetase requires native ACP conformation and involves interaction with fatty acid binding pocket residues, whereas myristoyl-ACP thioesterase is insensitive to acyl donor structure.	Alanine	124-127	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	176-179
11443113-8	2001	Our results indicate that (i) residues Ile-54 and Phe-50 are important in maintaining native ACP conformation, (ii) residue Ala-59 may be directly involved in stabilization of ACP structure by acyl chain binding, and (iii) acyl-ACP synthetase requires native ACP conformation and involves interaction with fatty acid binding pocket residues, whereas myristoyl-ACP thioesterase is insensitive to acyl donor structure.	Alanine	124-127	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	176-179
11443113-8	2001	Our results indicate that (i) residues Ile-54 and Phe-50 are important in maintaining native ACP conformation, (ii) residue Ala-59 may be directly involved in stabilization of ACP structure by acyl chain binding, and (iii) acyl-ACP synthetase requires native ACP conformation and involves interaction with fatty acid binding pocket residues, whereas myristoyl-ACP thioesterase is insensitive to acyl donor structure.	Alanine	124-127	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	176-179
11443113-8	2001	Our results indicate that (i) residues Ile-54 and Phe-50 are important in maintaining native ACP conformation, (ii) residue Ala-59 may be directly involved in stabilization of ACP structure by acyl chain binding, and (iii) acyl-ACP synthetase requires native ACP conformation and involves interaction with fatty acid binding pocket residues, whereas myristoyl-ACP thioesterase is insensitive to acyl donor structure.	Alanine	124-127	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Homo sapiens	176-179
12963865-5	2003	In this study we investigated the association of the polymorphic MICA alanine repeat and the ocular disease presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS).	Alanine	70-77	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	65-69
12963865-8	2003	Allele lengths of the MICA alanine repeat in patients and controls were determined with GeneScan analysis.	Alanine	27-34	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	22-26
12963865-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the MICA alanine repeat is not a disease-associated factor in POHS.	Alanine	39-46	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	34-38
16716194-6	2006	However, a mutant AICD (AICDa), in which Thr668 of AICD was replaced with Ala, was also mostly localized to the nucleus.	Alanine	74-77	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	24-29
12766182-2	2003	We hypothesized that 5 days of STT would attenuate pyruvate production and the increase in muscle tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (TCAI) during exercise, because of reduced flux through the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (AAT; pyruvate + glutamate &lt;--&gt; 2-oxoglutarate + alanine).	Alanine	219-226	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	245-248
11678272-5	2001	MBP2 contains a region of high content of proline and alanine residues, commonly found in arabinogalactan proteins and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins.	Alanine	54-61	myrosinase-binding protein 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
16716194-6	2006	However, a mutant AICD (AICDa), in which Thr668 of AICD was replaced with Ala, was also mostly localized to the nucleus.	Alanine	74-77	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	24-28
11438644-2	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the Cy motif of the cdk inhibitor p21 revealed that the conserved arginine or leucine (constituting the conserved RXL sequence) was important for p21"s ability to inhibit cyclin E-cdk2 activity.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	212-216
16407227-5	2006	The substitutions of these threonines with alanines decreased Pax6 transactivation, whereas substitutions to glutamic acids increased transactivation in mimicry of phosphorylation.	Alanine	43-51	paired box 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
16407220-10	2006	Further, direct mutation of Ser428 of LKB1 into alanine, like the kinase-inactive LKB1 mutant, abolished ONOO- -induced AMPK activation.	Alanine	48-55	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
11466626-9	2001	A missense mutation was detected at codon 96, GCT (Alanine) to GTT (Valine), of the caspase 8 gene in one of the NB cell lines lacking caspase 8 expression.	Alanine	51-58	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	84-93
15994863-10	2006	This mutation results in a substitution of an alanine residue (A128V) in CHD1.	Alanine	46-53	chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
11481695-5	2001	However, we identified a previously described polymorphism of the mitochondrial targeting sequence consisting of a C47T in exon 2 of SOD2, which results in an alanine to valine substitution.	Alanine	159-166	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
11294848-2	2001	A derivative of indolicidin, CP10A, has alanine residues substituted for proline residues and has improved activity against Gram-positive organisms.	Alanine	40-47	cathelicidin-4	Bos taurus	16-27
11418864-5	2001	Overexpression of a hRad17 mutant (hRad17AA) bearing Ala substitutions at both phosphorylation sites abrogated the DNA-damage-induced G2 checkpoint, and sensitized human fibroblasts to genotoxic stress.	Alanine	53-56	RAD17 checkpoint clamp loader component	Homo sapiens	20-26
11439928-10	2001	Additional hIK1/rSK2 chimeras defined the minimal region of hIK1 required to confer complete ATP sensitivity as including amino acids Arg(355)-Ala(413).	Alanine	143-146	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
11439928-13	2001	These results demonstrate that amino acids Arg(355)-Ala(413) within the C terminus of hIK1 confer sensitivity to ATP.	Alanine	52-55	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
11380919-7	2001	RESULTS: Three of five cases had a heterozygous single-base change, a G to A transition at position 178 of the INSL3 gene, which predicts an alanine (GCC) to threonine (ACC) change at codon 60 (designated A60T).	Alanine	141-148	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	150-153
11434511-3	2001	A polymorphism in the coding portion of the alpha4 gene was found (1587A to G) which should result in a threonine/alanine substitution at position 529 (T529A).	Alanine	114-121	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	44-50
11437236-6	2001	Crystal structures of this domain of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, and an alanine scanning analysis of this domain of TrkA and TrkC have allowed identification of the ligand-binding site.	Alanine	66-73	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
11369207-13	2001	In contrast, an alanine substitution of the cysteine of the CAAX box has very little effect on Mn-SOD activity but eliminates ERK1/2- dependent transcription.	Alanine	16-23	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	95-101
11278533-6	2001	Scanning of the middle part of RAP30 by clustered alanine substitutions and then point alanine substitutions pinpointed two residues critical for the RPB5 binding in in vitro and in vivo assays.	Alanine	50-57	general transcription factor IIF subunit 2	Homo sapiens	31-36
11284698-5	2001	No restricted specificity was found for P(1)" as found in thermolysin as well for P(1) substrate position, however the modifications at this position (P(1)) showed to have large influence on the catalytic constant and the best substrates for TOP contained at P(1), Phe, Ala, or Arg and for neurolysin Asn or Arg.	Alanine	270-273	thimet oligopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	242-245
11319648-0	2001	The association between the val/ala-55 polymorphism of the uncoupling protein 2 gene and exercise efficiency.	Alanine	32-35	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	59-79
11319648-8	2001	CONCLUSION: As the val/ala-55 polymorphism is located in a domain of the protein without any known function, the different exercise efficiency between the two genotypes most likely reflects a linkage disequilibrium with a functionally significant polymorphism in UCP2 or in the neighbouring UCP3 gene.	Alanine	23-26	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	263-267
11401507-4	2001	The present study uses several different direct binding assays to map the interaction of PTHrP with importin beta using a series of alanine mutated PTHrP peptides and truncated human importin beta1 derivatives.	Alanine	132-139	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	89-94
11258897-6	2001	[D-Ala(2)]GLP-1 and [Gly(2)]GLP-1 showed normal or relatively lower receptor binding and cAMP activation but exerted markedly enhanced abilities to reduce the glycemic response to an OGTT in vivo.	Alanine	3-6	glucagon	Mus musculus	10-15
11258897-12	2001	Specifically, linkage of acyl-chains to the alpha-amino group of His(1) and replacement of Ala(2) result in significantly increased biological effects of GLP-1 in vivo, likely due to decreased degradation rather than enhanced receptor interactions.	Alanine	91-94	glucagon	Mus musculus	154-159
11299047-11	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Ala(-9)Val substitution in the Mn-SOD gene was associated with DN in a Russian population	Alanine	13-16	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	44-50
11483158-9	2001	Mutation of either serine 33 or serine 37 of p53 to alanine blocked the ability of GSK3beta to regulate p53 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	52-59	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	83-91
11484938-2	2001	The resulting water-soluble oligomers were composed of poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid] (a-PHB) covalently conjugated to L-alanine and Ala-Ala-Ala oligopeptide.	Alanine	123-132	prohibitin 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
10982819-5	2000	Modeling its interaction with substrate suggested that a favorable interaction with Glu-95 of Cdc42 (Glu-97 of RhoA) would be absent with the corresponding Ala-95 of Rac1.	Alanine	156-159	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	94-99
12917350-3	2003	Alanine substitution of the Rad53 amino-terminal TQ cluster region reduced viability and impaired checkpoint functions.	Alanine	0-7	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase RAD53	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-33
12893290-6	2003	Such increases, however, were markedly or completely abolished in mutants that had a substitution (Ala, Cys, Asp, or His) on the serine residue in the GXSXG motif, providing direct evidence that NRE is a serine hydrolase.	Alanine	99-102	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 7	Rattus norvegicus	195-198
12730228-4	2003	Replacing basic residues on this surface with alanines reduced SNARE complex binding and disassembly, whereas replacing acidic residues with alanines enhanced alpha-SNAP efficacy in both assays.	Alanine	141-149	NSF attachment protein alpha	Homo sapiens	159-169
12850155-8	2003	Comparison of the decomposition results with experimentally determined binding free energy differences for alanine mutants of interface residues yielded correlations with r(2)=0.55 and 0.46 for Ras-Raf and Ras-RalGDS, respectively.	Alanine	107-114	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	198-201
12850155-8	2003	Comparison of the decomposition results with experimentally determined binding free energy differences for alanine mutants of interface residues yielded correlations with r(2)=0.55 and 0.46 for Ras-Raf and Ras-RalGDS, respectively.	Alanine	107-114	ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator	Homo sapiens	210-216
12837288-6	2003	Mutation of these serines to alanine, either alone or in combination, inhibited the ability of Raf to induce paxillin phosphorylation.	Alanine	29-36	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	95-98
12730194-5	2003	Mutation of conserved YQ and MKR motifs to alanine within the CIRB region in TRPC3-Topaz, which would be expected to interfere with IP3 receptor and/or calmodulin binding, had no effect on channel function or targeting.	Alanine	43-50	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
12730194-5	2003	Mutation of conserved YQ and MKR motifs to alanine within the CIRB region in TRPC3-Topaz, which would be expected to interfere with IP3 receptor and/or calmodulin binding, had no effect on channel function or targeting.	Alanine	43-50	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	132-144
12808052-8	2003	In contrast, the alanine substitution for tyrosine in the beta2 subunit endocytosis motif inhibited internalization of LFA-1, and severely impaired detachment at the cell rear, which resulted in long-elongated cell shapes.	Alanine	17-24	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
12624098-4	2003	Mutation of Thr-62 (to Ala) in PDEgamma produced a GRK2 phosphorylation-resistant mutant that was less effective in associating with GRK2 in response to epidermal growth factor and did not potentiate the stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by this growth factor.	Alanine	23-26	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	223-226
12624098-6	2003	The mutation of Thr-22 (to Ala) in PDEgamma, which is a site for phosphorylation by p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulted in a prolonged activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by epidermal growth factor, suggesting a role for this phosphorylation event in the negative feedback control of PDEgamma.	Alanine	27-30	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	88-91
12624098-6	2003	The mutation of Thr-22 (to Ala) in PDEgamma, which is a site for phosphorylation by p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulted in a prolonged activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by epidermal growth factor, suggesting a role for this phosphorylation event in the negative feedback control of PDEgamma.	Alanine	27-30	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	168-171
12766617-2	2003	Our laboratory has identified a polymorphism in the alpha4 gene that results in the substitution of an alanine (A) for threonine (T) at amino acid position 529 in the second intracellular loop of the alpha4 protein.	Alanine	103-110	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	52-58
12766617-2	2003	Our laboratory has identified a polymorphism in the alpha4 gene that results in the substitution of an alanine (A) for threonine (T) at amino acid position 529 in the second intracellular loop of the alpha4 protein.	Alanine	103-110	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	200-206
12706118-5	2003	We have found up-regulated levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) protein in HDF expressing 143(ala) mutant p53 as compared to senescent controls, together with an increase in p21-free cdk2 which, in conjunction with cyclin E, is able to form an active kinase which can phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein.	Alanine	104-107	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
12606634-4	2003	We also performed a sequential replacement of amino acids 14 to 26 with alanine in the truncated orexin-A variant orexin-A(14-33).	Alanine	72-79	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	97-103
12606634-4	2003	We also performed a sequential replacement of amino acids 14 to 26 with alanine in the truncated orexin-A variant orexin-A(14-33).	Alanine	72-79	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	114-120
12578822-7	2003	Val(296) (Ala in most other bZIPs) contributes to C/EBPalpha specificity by discriminating against purines at position -3 and imposing steric restraints on the invariant Arg(300).	Alanine	10-13	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha	Mus musculus	50-60
12637568-7	2003	Expression of AS160 with two or more of these sites mutated to alanine markedly inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Alanine	63-70	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
12637568-7	2003	Expression of AS160 with two or more of these sites mutated to alanine markedly inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Alanine	63-70	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
12519080-11	2003	The last two arginine (R) residues of this sequence are required for activity, since their replacement by alanine completely abrogated the HBP/III5 cytoskeletal effect.	Alanine	106-113	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-147
12648282-3	2003	Thr/Thr homozygosity at TAP2/665 was more prevalent in patients than in controls [64% vs. 45%, respectively; odds ratio (OR) = 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1; 2.7)] and Thr/Ala heterozygozity was less prevalent (32% vs. 50%, respectively) (P = 0.014).	Alanine	180-183	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	24-28
12651873-5	2003	Both mutants carry single point mutations leading to non-conservative amino acid substitutions that affect two putative transmembrane (TM) domains (tlt, Ala(151)--&gt;Glu in TM3; mlh, Leu(408)--&gt;Gln in TM8).	Alanine	153-156	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	174-177
12603315-5	2003	In this study we used site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA encoding PEDF to show that (a) truncation of the C-terminal tail (Pro415-Pro418) of PEDF, (b) deletion of the Pro373-Ala380 segment that resides within the reactive center loop of the protein, and (c) alanine substitution of amino-acid residues Asn391-Thr403 located within its hydrophobic core inhibit PEDF secretion, but not its transcription, by cells transfected with the various PEDF cDNAs.	Alanine	261-268	serpin family F member 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
12590570-2	2003	Asn(276) of Bacillus subtilis adenylosuccinate lyase, a residue corresponding to the location of a human enzyme mutation, was replaced by Cys, Ser, Ala, Arg, and Glu.	Alanine	148-151	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	30-52
12569367-5	2003	Two serine residues in ER81 are phosphorylated by MSK1, and mutating these serine residues to alanines dramatically diminishes the ability of MSK1 to stimulate ER81.	Alanine	94-102	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A5	Homo sapiens	142-146
12551973-8	2003	(v) As observed with EF-1delta, the casein kinase II beta subunit (CKIIbeta) was specifically phosphorylated by UL13 in vitro, while the level of phosphorylation of CKIIbeta by UL13 was greatly diminished when a serine residue at position 209, which has been reported to be phosphorylated by cdc2, was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	316-323	casein kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	36-65
12551973-8	2003	(v) As observed with EF-1delta, the casein kinase II beta subunit (CKIIbeta) was specifically phosphorylated by UL13 in vitro, while the level of phosphorylation of CKIIbeta by UL13 was greatly diminished when a serine residue at position 209, which has been reported to be phosphorylated by cdc2, was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	316-323	casein kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	67-75
12441350-7	2003	However, in the first inner loop, a substitution of three Ala residues for Met(128)-Arg(129)-Asn(130) abolished the ability to activate SRF only in F(q/11) cells, suggesting that this mutation might specifically disrupt the coupling to G(12/13) rather than to G(q/11).	Alanine	58-61	serum response factor	Mus musculus	136-139
12556904-5	2003	We observed a significant association (P = 0.01) between a functional C > T (Ala > Val) transition within exon 2 of the CTSD gene that increases the secretion of pro-CTSD from the cell, and the AH4-1 score at initial testing on entry to the longitudinal study.	Alanine	77-80	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	120-124
12556904-5	2003	We observed a significant association (P = 0.01) between a functional C > T (Ala > Val) transition within exon 2 of the CTSD gene that increases the secretion of pro-CTSD from the cell, and the AH4-1 score at initial testing on entry to the longitudinal study.	Alanine	77-80	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	166-170
16394101-7	2006	Conversion of the PKCgamma phosphorylation sites to alanine residues, reduces the EGF-dependent NMHC-IIB phosphorylation.	Alanine	52-59	myosin heavy chain 10	Homo sapiens	96-104
16481406-5	2006	The FOXE1 polyalanine tract shows marked variation in its length between POF patients and normal controls, existing as an allele of 12, 14, 16, 17 or 19 alanine residues.	Alanine	14-21	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-9
12384499-3	2002	We expressed the Ser(195) --&gt; Ala variant of human pro-GzmK in Escherichia coli, crystallized it, and determined its 2.2-A x-ray crystal structure.	Alanine	33-36	granzyme K	Homo sapiens	58-62
16084535-5	2006	In those with the MnSOD Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotypes this regression coefficient was 1.480 (p=0.040), whereas for the MnSOD Val/Val genotype it was 0.088 (p=0.859).	Alanine	28-31	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
12403792-10	2002	Deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis indicated that, similar to other TACE substrates, the spacing of residues in this region, more than their identity, influences GHR cleavage susceptibility.	Alanine	13-20	growth hormone receptor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	173-176
16084535-6	2006	The higher regression coefficient was obtained for the subject group with the MnSOD Val/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype in combination with the MPO G/G genotype (p=0.012).	Alanine	88-91	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
12444969-5	2002	In addition, complete suppression of PEP activity by the specific inhibitor, Fmoc-Ala-Pyrr-CN (5 micro m) induced in U343 and other cell lines an enhanced, but delayed, increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentration.	Alanine	81-85	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	37-40
16291740-5	2006	Mechanistically, we showed that conversion of a minimal four of these lysines to alanines but not arginines mimics p300-mediated p53 nuclear export, and these lysine-neutralizing mutations effectively prevent p53 tetramerization, thus exposing the oligomerization-regulated nuclear export signal.	Alanine	81-89	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	115-119
16135544-7	2006	Finally, we expressed a mutant form of Kv4.2 in which three identified ERK phosphorylation sites (T602, T607, and S616) were replaced with alanines.	Alanine	139-147	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
12244095-8	2002	Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity.	Alanine	36-39	HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
12244095-8	2002	Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity.	Alanine	36-39	HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
12244095-8	2002	Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity.	Alanine	36-39	HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
16131791-3	2006	In an examination for a mutation of the beta-catenin gene, an activating mutation from ACC (Thr) to GCC (Ala) at codon 41 was found.	Alanine	105-108	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	100-103
12609057-5	2002	DNA sequencing revealed a missense mutation of GCT to GGT in code 136 of PS-1 exon 5, leading to the substitution of Ala with Gly (Ala136Gly), in these 9 persons.	Alanine	117-120	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
12417259-5	2002	When a MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate)-derived peptide substrate (Gly-Ala-Gln-Phe-Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Arg-Arg) and the M2 gene segment of the reovirus type 3 peptide substrate (Gly-Asn-Ala-Ser-Ser-Ile-Lys-Lys-Lys) were used, hNMT activity was increased by approximately 8.5- and 7-fold, respectively.	Alanine	117-120	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	7-13
16227211-5	2005	Site-directed mutagenesis of Synechococcus KaiB confirmed that alanine substitution of residues Lys-11 or Lys-43 in the cleft, or deletion of C-terminal residues 95-108, which forms part of the ridges, strongly weakens in vivo circadian rhythms.	Alanine	63-70	kaiB	Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1	43-47
12417259-5	2002	When a MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate)-derived peptide substrate (Gly-Ala-Gln-Phe-Ser-Lys-Thr-Ala-Arg-Arg) and the M2 gene segment of the reovirus type 3 peptide substrate (Gly-Asn-Ala-Ser-Ser-Ile-Lys-Lys-Lys) were used, hNMT activity was increased by approximately 8.5- and 7-fold, respectively.	Alanine	117-120	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	7-13
12388623-4	2002	In this study we investigated the VIP pharmacophore for VPAC(2) by using alanine and D-amino acid scanning.	Alanine	73-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	56-63
16331978-3	2005	A genetically engineered PLB mutant was constructed in which Pro(21) was mutated to an alanine (P21A-PLB(C)); in this construct, all three transmembrane cysteines were substituted with alanines to stabilize the monomeric form of PLB, and a unique cysteine was introduced at position 24 near the hinge element (A24C), permitting the site-specific attachment of fluorescein-5-maleimide (FMal) to monitor structure changes.	Alanine	87-94	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	25-28
12376190-6	2002	Depolarization-evoked alanine release was suppressed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and was almost abolished by treating the cells with botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B), indicating that alanine is released by Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2)-containing vesicles.	Alanine	22-29	vesicle-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	253-290
12376190-6	2002	Depolarization-evoked alanine release was suppressed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and was almost abolished by treating the cells with botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B), indicating that alanine is released by Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2)-containing vesicles.	Alanine	22-29	vesicle-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	292-298
16288922-7	2005	Moreover, our structure-based analysis reveals that individual mutation of the conserved Arg294 and Arg295 that likely comprise the phosphothreonine-binding pocket in PAC-1 to either alanine or lysine results in a nearly complete loss of its phosphatase activity even in the presence of ERK2.	Alanine	183-190	dual specificity phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
12376190-6	2002	Depolarization-evoked alanine release was suppressed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and was almost abolished by treating the cells with botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B), indicating that alanine is released by Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2)-containing vesicles.	Alanine	199-206	vesicle-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	253-290
12376190-6	2002	Depolarization-evoked alanine release was suppressed in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), and was almost abolished by treating the cells with botulinum type B neurotoxin (BoNT/B), indicating that alanine is released by Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2)-containing vesicles.	Alanine	199-206	vesicle-associated membrane protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	292-298
15543644-2	2005	Leptin or insulin alone decreased (p&lt;0.05) the activation of hepatic glucose, L-lactate and urea production from L-alanine.	Alanine	116-125	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
15543644-4	2005	These results indicated that both, i.e. leptin and insulin, could promote a non-additive reduction in the rate of catabolism of L-alanine.	Alanine	128-137	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
15543644-7	2005	Thus, our data demonstrate that the acute effect of leptin on hepatic metabolism was partially similar to insulin (activation of glucose production from L-alanine and activation of acetoacetate or beta-hydroxybutyrate production from octanoate) and partially different from insulin (activation of glucose production from pyruvate or glycerol).	Alanine	153-162	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
12399382-3	2002	To improve our understanding of Rpt4p, we created 58 new mutations, 53 of which convert clustered, charged residues to alanine.	Alanine	119-126	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-37
16106046-4	2005	Single alanine substitutions in the catalytic triad resulted in the elimination of LPLA2 activity.	Alanine	7-14	phospholipase A2, group XV	Mus musculus	83-88
12392761-2	2002	Like ADAM-TS4 (aggrecanase 1) the enzyme cleaves cartilage aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond, a marker of aggrecanase activity.	Alanine	84-87	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	5-13
16106046-5	2005	Four cysteine residues (C65, C89, C330, and C371), conserved between LPLA2 and LCAT, were replaced with alanine.	Alanine	104-111	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Mus musculus	79-83
12392761-2	2002	Like ADAM-TS4 (aggrecanase 1) the enzyme cleaves cartilage aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond, a marker of aggrecanase activity.	Alanine	84-87	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	15-28
16171819-3	2005	Here, we mapped the complete binding region of IFNAR1 on IFNalpha2 by creating a panel of 21 single alanine mutant proteins, and determined their binding affinities.	Alanine	100-107	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	57-66
12392761-4	2002	The recombinant human ADAM-TS5, like ADAM-TS4 cleaves aggrecan at Glu(1480)-Gly(1481), Glu(1667)-Gly(1668), Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) and Glu(1871)-Leu(1872) bonds more readily than at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond.	Alanine	118-121	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	37-45
12392761-4	2002	The recombinant human ADAM-TS5, like ADAM-TS4 cleaves aggrecan at Glu(1480)-Gly(1481), Glu(1667)-Gly(1668), Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) and Glu(1871)-Leu(1872) bonds more readily than at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond.	Alanine	192-195	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	37-45
12163582-3	2002	In chicken cells, the nsP4 Arg183 mutants had a nonconditionally lethal, temperature-sensitive (ts) growth phenotype caused by a ts defect in minus-strand synthesis whose extent varied with the particular amino acid substituted (Ser&gt;Ala&gt;Lys).	Alanine	236-239	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	22-26
11101511-3	2000	Using alanine scanning, two-hybrid and in vitro interaction analysis, we show that an alpha-helical element in Pex5p is necessary and sufficient for SH3 interaction.	Alanine	6-13	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5	Homo sapiens	111-116
12163583-2	2002	76:8632-8640, 2002) found minus-strand synthesis to be temperature sensitive in vertebrate and invertebrate cells when the Arg183 residue of the Sindbis virus nsP4 polymerase was changed to Ser, Ala, or Lys.	Alanine	195-198	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	159-163
16049008-7	2005	Key side chains at this interface, identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis, are conserved among DSX homologs.	Alanine	49-56	doublesex	Drosophila melanogaster	99-102
12182675-2	2002	In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7.	Alanine	150-157	complement C6	Homo sapiens	218-221
12006574-6	2002	Consistent with the need for the interaction between Arg(2) of Ang II and Ang III with Asp(281), substitution of this residue with alanine (D281A) decreased the peptide"s potency without affecting that of Ang IV.	Alanine	131-138	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	63-66
10938287-8	2000	The Phe --&gt; Ala substitution in hMSH2 had no effect on the biological activity of the heterodimer.	Alanine	15-18	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
16160913-2	2005	Among the TNF family members, BLyS is unique in that it contains an unpaired Cys residue (Cys146) at the corresponding position where some other members have about 37.5% (6/16) Ala or 37.5% (6/16) Val.	Alanine	177-180	TNF superfamily member 13b	Homo sapiens	30-34
12006574-6	2002	Consistent with the need for the interaction between Arg(2) of Ang II and Ang III with Asp(281), substitution of this residue with alanine (D281A) decreased the peptide"s potency without affecting that of Ang IV.	Alanine	131-138	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	74-77
15951095-5	2005	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid -9, occurring in the MnSOD gene, has been associated with various disease risk.	Alanine	18-25	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
12034888-4	2002	Substitution of alanine for the glutamate on GIRK1, GIRK2, and IRK2, expressed in HEK293 cells, greatly reduced the whole-cell currents.	Alanine	16-23	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3	Homo sapiens	45-50
11042122-4	2000	NBAT mutants were produced with combinations of Cys(664/671/683)--&gt;Ala substitutions.	Alanine	70-73	solute carrier family 3 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
15951095-5	2005	A valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at amino acid -9, occurring in the MnSOD gene, has been associated with various disease risk.	Alanine	27-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	80-85
11154063-3	2000	In order to examine the significance of these sequences for Acy1 stability and/or catalysis, we used site-directed mutagenesis of human Acy1 to replace the tryptophan residues in either motif with alanines.	Alanine	197-205	aminoacylase 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
11886874-7	2002	Addition of four alanines to the C-terminal valine of the CI-MPR also severely reduced GGA binding, demonstrating the importance of the spacing of the acidic cluster-dileucine motif relative to the C terminus for optimal GGA interaction.	Alanine	17-25	insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor	Mus musculus	58-64
15951095-6	2005	The aim of our study was to investigate possible associations of the MnSOD 47 T&gt;C genotype in exon 2 (Ala-9Val) and the 339 T&gt;C genotype in exon 3 (Ile58Thr) with contact sensitization to PPD in humans in a case-control study.	Alanine	105-108	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
15975931-7	2005	Alanine substitutions of serines 596 and 598 abolished phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and casein kinase II, respectively, but had no effect on adhesion of K562 cells to laminin under flow conditions.	Alanine	0-7	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	74-105
11854269-6	2002	Digestion of recombinant human G1-G2 (wild-type and cleavage site mutants) confirmed the dual activity of ADAMTS4 and supported the idea that the enzyme cleaves primarily at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site and secondarily generates G1-VDIPEN(341) by removal of the Phe(342)-Glu(373) peptide from G1-NITEGE(373).	Alanine	187-190	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	106-113
11971679-6	2002	Augmenting intracellular alanine levels using the cytosolic alanine aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, increased alanine uptake activity.	Alanine	25-32	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	60-84
11132149-9	2000	Moreover, lysates of CHO cells transfected with FUT1 constructs encoding threonine at amino acid position 103 also showed significantly reduced enzyme activity compared with constructs encoding alanine at this position.	Alanine	194-201	galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1	Cricetulus griseus	48-52
11101139-7	2000	Three elastases, molecular masses of 27, 29, 31 kDa, might be elastase isozymes that have the same NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of Ile-Val-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala.	Alanine	160-163	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	6-14
11035786-6	2000	Conversion of the threonines at positions 27 and 31 to alanine also abolished the PKC sensitivity of Ca(v)1.2.	Alanine	55-62	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	101-109
16049174-3	2005	To do so, we mutated tryptophan 391 to an alanine within the alpha-interacting domain (AID) in the I-II linker of CaV2.2.	Alanine	42-49	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Homo sapiens	114-120
11035786-7	2000	Mutant Ca(v)1.2 channels in which the threonines were converted singly to alanines were also insensitive to PKC modulation, suggesting that phosphorylation of both residues is required for PKC-dependent modulation.	Alanine	74-82	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	7-15
15942654-5	2005	The caspase cleavage-resistant mutant PKCdelta (DMQA) was generated by mutating the aspartate residue at the site of proteolysis DMQD downward arrowN to alanine (D330A), and the wild-type and mutant PKCdelta were introduced into H69 cells.	Alanine	153-160	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	38-46
11003587-9	2000	The data indicate that the NH(2)-terminal Tx [4-7 repeats of a sequence motif His-(Glu/Ala)-Glu-Ala-His] extension confers a specific conformational modulation in the slow skeletal muscle TnT.	Alanine	87-90	troponin T1, skeletal, slow	Mus musculus	188-191
11003587-9	2000	The data indicate that the NH(2)-terminal Tx [4-7 repeats of a sequence motif His-(Glu/Ala)-Glu-Ala-His] extension confers a specific conformational modulation in the slow skeletal muscle TnT.	Alanine	96-99	troponin T1, skeletal, slow	Mus musculus	188-191
11960015-0	2002	Aggregation of proteins with expanded glutamine and alanine repeats of the glutamine-rich and asparagine-rich domains of Sup35 and of the amyloid beta-peptide of amyloid plaques.	Alanine	52-59	translation termination factor GTPase eRF3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-126
15958690-7	2005	The p26 transcription-activation domain was located within its first 55 aa and has been studied by alanine scanning.	Alanine	99-106	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 3	Homo sapiens	4-7
11956295-4	2002	However, the pigeon peptide has an alanine at p9 shifting the lysine to p10.	Alanine	35-42	S100 calcium binding protein A10 (calpactin)	Mus musculus	72-75
11821421-4	2002	Mutation of the glutamic acid to an alanine in CYP4A1, CYP4A3, and CYP4A11 suppresses covalent heme binding.	Alanine	36-43	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily A member 11	Homo sapiens	67-74
11023662-3	2000	Seven separate CXCR2 mutants (Glu7, Asp9, Glu12, Asp13, Lys108, Asn110, and Lys120, all to Ala) were generated.	Alanine	91-94	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	15-20
10999937-0	2000	A single amino acid mutation of ala-773 in the mineralocorticoid receptor confers agonist properties to 11beta-substituted spirolactones.	Alanine	32-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	47-73
10999937-3	2000	In this report, a mutant hMR, in which the residue Ala-773 facing the C11 steroid position was replaced by a glycine (A773G), was assayed for its capacity to bind steroids, to interact with receptor coactivators, and to stimulate transcription.	Alanine	51-54	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
15987997-6	2005	Ectopic expression of either the catalytically inactive form of Aurora-A or the HURP-4P mutant, in which the Aurora-A phosphorylation sites were replaced with Ala, resulted in HURP instability and complex disassembly.	Alanine	159-162	aurora kinase A	Homo sapiens	64-72
10944400-7	2000	The new hypothesis, in contrast to the NBS hypothesis, can explain the devastating effect of a Thr--&gt;Ala mutation in a well-characterized resistance gene product.	Alanine	104-107	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
11920956-7	2002	However, we identified a prevalent germline single nucleotide variation at codon 50 (exon 3) of this gene [GCC (alanine) to TCC (serine)].	Alanine	112-119	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	107-110
15987997-6	2005	Ectopic expression of either the catalytically inactive form of Aurora-A or the HURP-4P mutant, in which the Aurora-A phosphorylation sites were replaced with Ala, resulted in HURP instability and complex disassembly.	Alanine	159-162	DLG associated protein 5	Homo sapiens	80-84
11788584-3	2002	Small ( approximately 48%) but physiologically relevant increases in intracellular but not extracellular total amino acid concentration (or Leu or Trp but not Ala, Glu, or Gln alone) resulted in increased phosphorylation of p70(S6K) and its substrate ribosomal protein S6.	Alanine	159-162	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	224-227
15973048-1	2005	The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Put4 permease is significant for the transport of proline, alanine, and glycine.	Alanine	88-95	proline permease PUT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
11788594-3	2002	In particular, System A transporter (SAT1) is a highly efficient glutamine transporter, whereas SAT2 exhibits broad specificity for neutral amino acids with a preference for alanine.	Alanine	174-181	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
11836586-1	2002	Recently a T to C substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene was observed that changes the amino acid sequence of the protein from valine (V) to alanine (A) and is associated with a decreased defense capacity against oxidative stress.	Alanine	206-213	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	78-108
11836586-1	2002	Recently a T to C substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene was observed that changes the amino acid sequence of the protein from valine (V) to alanine (A) and is associated with a decreased defense capacity against oxidative stress.	Alanine	206-213	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
10978616-5	2000	The order of the K(cat)/K(m) values of AAP-S at the optimal pH was Arg-&gt;Arg-Arg-&gt;Met-&gt;Leu-&gt;Lys-&gt;Phe-&gt;Lys-Ala-&gt;Tyr-&gt;Ala-MCAs.	Alanine	123-126	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	39-44
10978616-5	2000	The order of the K(cat)/K(m) values of AAP-S at the optimal pH was Arg-&gt;Arg-Arg-&gt;Met-&gt;Leu-&gt;Lys-&gt;Phe-&gt;Lys-Ala-&gt;Tyr-&gt;Ala-MCAs.	Alanine	139-142	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	39-44
15956247-5	2005	Using stable transfectants of temperature-sensitive p53 mutant Ala(143) in null p53 H1299 lung cancer cells, we found that PRIMA-1 induced significantly more apoptosis in cells with mutant p53 conformation (37 degrees C) than the wild-type p53 conformation (32.5 degrees C).	Alanine	63-66	proline rich membrane anchor 1	Homo sapiens	123-130
10851246-5	2000	VASP mutated (Ser/Thr to Ala) at all three of its established phosphorylation sites (vesicular stomatitis virus-tagged VASP-AAA mutant) was not phosphorylated by cGK I and was resistant to detaching from HUVEC focal adhesions in response to 8-pCPT-cGMP.	Alanine	25-28	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-4
10926824-1	2000	We describe three mutations of the red-cell anion exchangerband 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) gene associated with distalrenal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in families from Malaysia and Papua NewGuinea: Gly(701)--&gt;Asp (G701D), Ala(858)--&gt;Asp(A858D) and deletion of Val(850) (DeltaV850).	Alanine	211-214	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	67-70
10926824-1	2000	We describe three mutations of the red-cell anion exchangerband 3 (AE1, SLC4A1) gene associated with distalrenal tubular acidosis (dRTA) in families from Malaysia and Papua NewGuinea: Gly(701)--&gt;Asp (G701D), Ala(858)--&gt;Asp(A858D) and deletion of Val(850) (DeltaV850).	Alanine	211-214	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-78
11806947-2	2002	The two signals compete for the same domains in certain substrates, such as myristoylated alanine-rich PKC-substrate (MARCKS).	Alanine	90-97	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	118-124
11844643-5	2002	The BCAA released to circulation may be used for protein synthesis or synthesis of alanine and glutamine.	Alanine	83-90	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
15862923-5	2005	Microinjection of a selective Y5 receptor agonist, (Ala(31), Aib(32))-NPY, into the SCN significantly inhibited light-induced phase advances during the late night, but did not induce phase advances during the day.	Alanine	52-55	pro-neuropeptide Y	Mesocricetus auratus	70-73
10935545-2	2000	We used alanine scanning mutagenesis to explore the role of the residues of the loop connecting H11 and H12 in the activation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR), a member of the NRs family.	Alanine	8-15	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	139-165
15909519-1	2005	Poly(L-alanine)-grafted porous silica (Sil-Ala22) was prepared by polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride of L-alanine initiated by 3-aminopropylated silica.	Alanine	5-14	STIL centriolar assembly protein	Homo sapiens	39-42
10884347-5	2000	An alanine mutation at any one of four key positions abrogates the efficacy of a synthetic peptide containing this motif as an inhibitor of cyclin A-cdk2 phosphorylation of p53 protein.	Alanine	3-10	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
10869806-5	2000	The presence of a C-->T (Ala-->Val) polymorphism in exon 2 of the Cat D gene has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of AD.	Alanine	25-30	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	66-71
11825621-5	2002	We constructed several point mutants of SPR by systematically replacing the three Ser residues by Ala ones.	Alanine	98-101	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	40-43
15992355-1	2005	Aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is a member of zinc-containing ectoenzymes family involved in the degradation of neutral or basic amino acids (Ala&gt;Phe&gt;Leu&gt;Gly) from N-terminal of bioactive peptides and amide or arylamide derivatives of amino acids.	Alanine	140-143	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	0-16
11752143-0	2002	Paired charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 NS5 generates mutants with temperature-sensitive, host range, and mouse attenuation phenotypes.	Alanine	17-24	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	60-63
11752143-1	2002	Charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 (DEN4) NS5 gene generated a collection of attenuating mutations for potential use in a recombinant live attenuated DEN vaccine.	Alanine	10-17	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	60-63
11742072-3	2001	The derepression of Mak activity was associated with a single base change at position 71 (codon 24) of the gene, where GCC (alanine) in Mak-o has been changed to GAC (aspartate) in Mak(+).	Alanine	124-131	male germ cell associated kinase	Homo sapiens	136-139
11723228-6	2001	Molecular modeling suggested that the nonconserved Asp-271 in transmembrane domain 7 of gpH2R (Ala-271 in hH2R) confers high potency to guanidines.	Alanine	95-98	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	106-110
10828491-4	2000	In in vivo experiments using the single-pass perfusion technique, intravenous infusion of CGRP (250-750 pmol/kg-min) reduced alanine absorption by 35-40%.	Alanine	125-132	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
10828491-6	2000	Moreover, intravenous infusion of CGRP antagonist blocked the inhibitory effect of intraluminal capsaicin perfusion on alanine absorption.	Alanine	119-126	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
10828491-7	2000	Similarly, intracerebral injection of CGRP decreased alanine absorption, an effect which was reduced by vagotomy.	Alanine	53-60	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
10828491-8	2000	In vitro experiments using isolated jejunal strips showed that CGRP reduced alanine absorption in a dose-dependent manner.	Alanine	76-83	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
10828491-9	2000	At 6 pM, CGRP decreased alanine absorption by 33%.	Alanine	24-31	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
10828491-11	2000	Kinetic studies revealed that CGRP reduces alanine influx into intestinal epithelial cells by inhibiting the affinity of the carriers.	Alanine	43-50	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
18726387-7	2000	The ASYIP protein contains a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal (Lys-Lys-Lys-Ala-Glu).	Alanine	92-95	reticulon 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
11723228-7	2001	This hypothesis was confirmed by Ala-271--&gt;Asp-271 mutation in hH2R-GsalphaS.	Alanine	33-36	histamine receptor H2	Homo sapiens	66-70
15992355-1	2005	Aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is a member of zinc-containing ectoenzymes family involved in the degradation of neutral or basic amino acids (Ala&gt;Phe&gt;Leu&gt;Gly) from N-terminal of bioactive peptides and amide or arylamide derivatives of amino acids.	Alanine	140-143	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	18-21
15992355-1	2005	Aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is a member of zinc-containing ectoenzymes family involved in the degradation of neutral or basic amino acids (Ala&gt;Phe&gt;Leu&gt;Gly) from N-terminal of bioactive peptides and amide or arylamide derivatives of amino acids.	Alanine	140-143	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	23-27
10851065-3	2000	Mice and cells harboring a mutant allele of c-jun, which has the JNK phosphoacceptor serines changed to alanines (junAA), were used to determine the function of c-Jun N-terminal phosphorylation (JNP) during oncogenic transformation in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	104-112	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	44-49
15864132-1	2005	A genetic dimorphism incorporates either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD).	Alanine	41-48	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	152-157
10793159-1	2000	A comprehensive set of clustered charged-to-alanine mutations was generated that systematically alter TUB1, the major alpha-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Alanine	44-51	alpha-tubulin TUB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
11580293-1	2001	Solution structure of lipid-free apolipoprotein C-1 (apoC-1, 6.6 kD) was analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) of 15 mutants containing single Pro or Ala substitutions in predicted alpha-helical regions.	Alanine	148-151	apolipoprotein C1	Homo sapiens	33-51
11606200-6	2001	eIF4E that is modified such that it cannot be phosphorylated (Ser209--&gt;Ala), is unimpaired in its ability to restore translation to an eIF4E-dependent in vitro translation system.	Alanine	74-77	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	0-5
11575926-3	2001	Alanine mutations at D31, D32 and K34 on the C strand and K43 and R48 on the C" strand reduce affinity for CD58 by 47-127-fold as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry.	Alanine	0-7	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	107-111
10769120-3	2000	Replacement of these cysteine residues in the Kir2.1 channel (i.e., C122 and C154) with either alanine or serine abolished current in Xenopus laevis oocytes although Western blotting established that the channels were fully expressed.	Alanine	95-102	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	46-52
15864132-1	2005	A genetic dimorphism incorporates either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD).	Alanine	50-53	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	152-157
15864132-2	2005	The Ala-MTS confers a 40% higher MnSOD activity than the Val-MTS after import into isolated mitochondria in vitro.	Alanine	4-8	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
15864132-5	2005	The Ala-variant resulted in four-fold higher levels of the mature exogenous protein and MnSOD activity than the Val-variant.	Alanine	4-7	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
10747782-6	2000	However, alanine substitution of two lysine residues (116 and 122) within the C-terminal extension (tail) of Mbp1 considerably reduces the apparent affinity for an MCB (MluI cell-cycle box) containing oligonucleotide.	Alanine	9-16	transcription factor MBP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-113
15864132-9	2005	Much larger differences in the activity of the human Val- and Ala-MnSOD variants are observed in whole cells rather than after import experiments performed in vitro.	Alanine	62-65	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
15668251-6	2005	Alanine substitution of residues in the transmembrane region of human T1R3 revealed 4 key residues required for sensitivity to lactisole.	Alanine	0-7	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
10733895-8	2000	Furthermore, characterization by circular dichroism and DNase footprinting analysis demonstrates that these alanine-based mutants retain the structure and function of the native GCN4 DNA-binding domain.	Alanine	108-115	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	178-182
10733895-9	2000	Remarkably, the most heavily mutated protein, containing 24 alanines of 27 total amino acids in the DNA-binding basic region, still binds the AP-1 site, the target of native GCN4.	Alanine	60-68	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	174-178
11527389-1	2001	To characterize structural features of the regions of the yeast type 2 ADP/ATP carrier (yAAC2) facing the cytosol, we prepared its Cys-less mutant, in which all four cysteine residues were replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	201-208	ADP/ATP carrier protein PET9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	88-93
15647289-7	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 served as a dominant-negative mutant in PKA-enhanced degradation of I kappa B alpha, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and PGE2-enhanced osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.	Alanine	14-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	18-22
11543766-1	2001	A nonapeptide derived from the C terminus of the insulin B chain, H(2)N-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ala-COOH, was found to strongly inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake by rat dopamine transporter (DAT) stably expressed in CHO cells (designated D8 cells).	Alanine	104-107	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	172-192
15647289-7	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 served as a dominant-negative mutant in PKA-enhanced degradation of I kappa B alpha, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and PGE2-enhanced osteoclastic differentiation in RAW264.7 cells.	Alanine	14-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	127-135
11543766-1	2001	A nonapeptide derived from the C terminus of the insulin B chain, H(2)N-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ala-COOH, was found to strongly inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake by rat dopamine transporter (DAT) stably expressed in CHO cells (designated D8 cells).	Alanine	104-107	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
10694430-8	2000	Serine 73, which is located in a region rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine (PEST), regulates MITF protein stability, since a serine to alanine mutation prevented hUBC9-mediated MITF (S73A) degradation.	Alanine	154-161	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 I	Homo sapiens	181-186
15647289-9	2005	Ser412 --&gt; Ala TAK1 abolished the stimulatory effects of forskolin on those cellular events induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha.	Alanine	14-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	18-22
15781667-2	2005	A polymorphism [valine (V) --&gt; alanine (A)] of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria, has been recently associated with prostate cancer.	Alanine	34-41	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	50-80
10704359-9	2000	Interestingly, the ability of the multiple site mutant of P (combo mutant has eight serine residues changed to alanine residues) to support efficient virus RNA synthesis suggests that the P protein has a high flexibility at least in its sequence and perhaps also in structure.	Alanine	111-118	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	Homo sapiens	188-197
27265760-0	2000	Two Rare Hemoglobin Variants in the Turkish Population (Hb G-Coushatta (B 22(B4) GLU-ALA and Hb J Iran (B 77 (EF1) HIS-ASP).	Alanine	85-88	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-79
15016242-3	2000	A key determinant of GLP-1 and GLP-2 bioactivity is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which inactivates both peptides by cleavage at the position-2 alanine.	Alanine	150-157	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	21-26
10660518-4	2000	Alanine mutants revealed that K301A, V315A, Y320A, L468A, and E471A were required for binding of both CBP and SRC-1 and for cell-based transcription.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear receptor coactivator 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
10652302-5	2000	Cells stably co-expressing TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutations in both PS1 and PS2 show further accumulation of the APP-derived gamma-secretase substrates, C83 and C99.	Alanine	41-44	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
10652302-8	2000	Therefore, the co-expression of PS1 and PS2 TM Asp --&gt; Ala mutants suppresses the formation of any detectable PS1 or PS2 heterodimeric fragments and essentially abolishes the production of Abeta.	Alanine	58-61	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
10746789-0	2000	A new MICA allele with ten alanine residues in the exon 5 microsatellite.	Alanine	27-34	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	6-10
10746789-4	2000	The MICA gene has an expressed microsatellite, GCT, within the exon 5 which encodes for alanine.	Alanine	88-95	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	4-8
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	64-69
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	116-121
10625668-6	2000	A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160.	Alanine	71-78	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	116-121
10586065-6	1999	However, SEH, in contrast to SEA, binds to the alanine-substituted DR1 molecule, betaH81A, believed to have impaired zinc-bridging capacity.	Alanine	47-54	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
10654085-8	1999	Tat2p can take up Phe, Trp and Tyr; Put4p can transport Ala, Gly and Pro; while Can1p, Lyp1p and the previously uncharacterized Alp1p are specific for the cationic amino acids.	Alanine	56-59	proline permease PUT4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	36-41
10590259-7	1999	Examination of COS-expressed IL-5 mutants by Western blot showed that single mutations of E(89), R(90), R(91) or R(92) to alanine caused a loss of IL-5 binding to both Sch 55700 and 39D10.	Alanine	122-129	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	147-151
10590268-4	1999	When Val122 of the wild peptide was replaced by Ala, the ability to induce a cytotoxic response was lost concomitantly with the loss of the T(h)1 pattern of cytokine production.	Alanine	48-51	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1	Mus musculus	140-145
10590268-5	1999	Interestingly, the Ala-modified peptide, when co-immunized with a peptide encompassing residues 323-329 from ovalbumin (OVA), which is able to induce a T(h)1 response in BALB/c mice, restored the capacity of the modified peptide to induce CTL.	Alanine	19-22	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1	Mus musculus	152-157
10597320-2	1999	To gain an insight into the molecular basis of this impairment, we examined 49 lung cancer specimens for alterations in the hMAD1 mitotic checkpoint gene and identified a somatic, non-conservative missense mutation, which substitutes alanine (GCG) for threonine (ACG) at codon 299, together with a number of amino acid substituting, single nucleotide polymorphisms.	Alanine	234-241	MAX dimerization protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
10542239-7	1999	A recombinant CKIepsilon protein with serine and threonine to alanine mutations eliminating these autophosphorylation sites was 8-fold more active than wild-type CKIepsilon using IkappaBalpha as a substrate.	Alanine	62-69	TPTEP2-CSNK1E readthrough	Homo sapiens	14-24
10605824-7	1999	In human and bovine DNase I four amino acid residues, Glu-13, Tyr-65, Val-67 and Ala-114 are involved in actin binding, whereas in the hen DNase I these positions were occupied by Asp, Phe, Ser and Phe, respectively.	Alanine	81-84	deoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	20-27
10497169-5	1999	Substitution of the critical serine residues in the NH(2)-terminal regions of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta, and IkappaBepsilon with alanines also markedly reduced the extent of FWD1-mediated ubiquitination of these proteins and increased their stability.	Alanine	129-137	beta-transducin repeat containing protein	Mus musculus	174-178
10497248-11	1999	Furthermore, mutation of a tyrosine motif to alanine in the transmembrane segment of 11beta-HSD1 significantly reduced V(max).	Alanine	45-52	RNA, U1 small nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	60-96
10569185-1	1999	We have mutated the type I cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP-I), individually at the Arg131 (into Ala) and the Tyr133 (into Phe) residues which have been predicted to make direct contact with retinoic acid (RA) based upon previous structural studies.	Alanine	110-113	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	67-74
10491297-4	1999	Competitive binding assays showed that changing Arg331 in guinea pig C3aR to Ala (or Gln), but not changing Asp182, Asp309, or Asp310 to Ala, resulted in complete loss of ligand binding activity.	Alanine	77-80	C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor	Cavia porcellus	69-73
10504221-5	1999	However, a derivative of this peptide in which the five phenylalanines are replaced by alanine, MARCKS-Ala, does not penetrate the interface when membrane-bound.	Alanine	103-106	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	96-102
10504221-9	1999	The side-chain dynamics of MARCKS-Ala are strongly influenced by membrane charge density and indicate that this peptide is drawn closer to the membrane interface at higher charge densities.	Alanine	34-37	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	27-33
10504221-10	1999	As expected, MARCKS-Ala binds more weakly to membranes composed of PS/PC (1:9) than does the native MARCKS peptide; however, each phenylalanine contributes only 0.2 kcal/mol to the binding energy difference, far less than the 1.3 kcal/mol expected for the binding of phenylalanine to the membrane interface.	Alanine	20-23	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	13-19
10473622-4	1999	To test the role of this interaction in the regulation of Hck kinase activity in living cells, we substituted alanines for prolines 225 and 228 in the linker region and observed that the resulting mutant (Hck-2PA) demonstrated strong transforming activity in a Rat-2 fibroblast focus-forming assay.	Alanine	110-118	HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
11413134-3	2001	Structural and functional properties of SLN were analyzed and compared with the homologous region of human phospholamban (PLB) comprising residues Ala(24)-Leu(52) (PLB-(24-52)), the regulatory protein of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase.	Alanine	147-150	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	122-125
11395520-4	2001	A catalytically inactive PS-PLA(1), in which an active serine residue (Ser(166)) was replaced with an alanine residue did not show such activity.	Alanine	102-109	phospholipase A1 member A	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
11463838-5	2001	Site-directed alanine mutagenesis of these residues together with in vitro and in vivo binding studies elucidated how RFXAP and CIITA, which simultaneously interact with RFXANK in vivo, bind to two opposite faces of its ankyrin repeats.	Alanine	14-21	regulatory factor X associated protein	Homo sapiens	118-123
11532179-4	2001	The N-terminus of p44 contains a degradation motif characterized by proline, glutamate, aspartate, serine and threonine residues (PEST), which can be inactivated by mutation of three glutamic acid residues to alanines.	Alanine	209-217	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	18-21
11445238-3	2001	In mouse, the homologous peptide, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) was not detected.	Alanine	52-55	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	34-37
11377822-2	2001	The purpose of this study is to explore ANP-induced changes in the phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), in AngII or K(+)-stimulated glomerulosa cells.	Alanine	100-107	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	133-139
11313317-2	2001	A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine or valine in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase and could modulate its mitochondrial import.	Alanine	40-47	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	101-131
11302743-3	2001	Here, we constructed a mutant by substituting the N-terminal glycine of Pr55(gag) with alanine to demonstrate that N-myristoylation of Pr55(gag) is required for efficient env protein transportation to the cell surface.	Alanine	87-94	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	77-80
11302743-3	2001	Here, we constructed a mutant by substituting the N-terminal glycine of Pr55(gag) with alanine to demonstrate that N-myristoylation of Pr55(gag) is required for efficient env protein transportation to the cell surface.	Alanine	87-94	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	140-143
11096085-13	2001	These results demonstrate that amino acids Arg(355)-Ala(413) within the C terminus of hIK1 confer sensitivity to ATP.	Alanine	52-55	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
11152455-3	2001	In this work, we generated phosphorylation-resistant p107 and p130 molecules by replacing potential cyclin-CDK phosphorylation sites with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues.	Alanine	159-166	RB transcriptional corepressor like 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
11285244-0	2001	Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2: alanine tract expansion mutations may be caused by parental somatic recombination.	Alanine	44-51	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
11244061-1	2001	Schizosaccharomyces pombe has an open reading frame, which we named alr1(+), encoding a putative protein similar to bacterial alanine racemase.	Alanine	126-133	Mg(2+) transporter ALR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	68-72
11251084-0	2001	The Chlamydomonas PF6 locus encodes a large alanine/proline-rich polypeptide that is required for assembly of a central pair projection and regulates flagellar motility.	Alanine	44-51	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	18-21
11251084-6	2001	Sequence analysis indicates that the PF6 gene encodes a large polypeptide that contains numerous alanine-rich, proline-rich, and basic domains and has limited homology to an expressed sequence tag derived from a human testis cDNA library.	Alanine	97-104	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	37-40
11157749-5	2001	When expressed in U2OS cells, the phosphorylation-deficient mutant p130(Delta)(CDK4), in which the Cdk4 specific sites were mutated to alanine residues, imposed a more sustained G1 arrest than a constitutively active pRb(Delta)(CDK), known to repress all cellular E2F activity.	Alanine	135-142	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
11460501-2	2001	Replacement of W215 with Ala reduces fibrinogen and PAR4 cleavage 500-fold and 280-fold, respectively.	Alanine	25-28	Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
11393538-4	2001	We found one novel polymorphism, a substitution of Ala by Pro at codon 185 (GCC to CCC), in exon 5 of the AHRR gene; among 108 healthy unrelated Japanese women, genotypes Ala/Ala, Ala/Pro, and Pro/Pro were represented, respectively, by 20 (18.5%), 49 (45.4%), and 39 (36.1%) individuals.	Alanine	171-174	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	106-110
11211874-9	2000	Substitution of Tyr-58 or Glu-132 or Leu-179 of the FGF8 with alanine reduced the binding affinity, while substitution of Tyr-139 with alanine did not alter the binding affinity.	Alanine	62-69	fibroblast growth factor 8	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
10973963-12	2000	Alanine substitutions in the region abolished GADD45 induction of a G(2)/M arrest and its inactivation of the Cdc2 kinase but not its binding to Cdc2, PCNA, or p21(waf1).	Alanine	0-7	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	46-52
11005803-5	2000	Yeast strains containing alanine substitutions in the PCNA binding motif of Msh6 or Msh3 had elevated mutation rates, indicating that these interactions are important for genome stability.	Alanine	25-32	mismatch repair protein MSH3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
11063570-10	2000	Further specificity for the interaction of AE1 and CAII is provided by a conserved leucine residue (L886) in AE1 that, when mutated to alanine, resulted in loss of GST-Ct binding to immobilized CAII.	Alanine	135-142	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	43-46
10655994-5	1999	On seeking a mutation of the beta catenin gene (CTNNB1), an activating mutation from ACC (Thr) to GCC (Ala) at codon 41 was found.	Alanine	103-106	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	98-101
10446171-8	1999	Maximal transactivation by SOX9 requires both the C-terminal domain rich in proline, glutamine, and serine and the adjacent domain composed entirely of proline, glutamine, and alanine.	Alanine	176-183	SRY-box transcription factor 9	Homo sapiens	27-31
10377240-2	1999	Here we provide data demonstrating that an alanine residue at positions 874 (for the PFK1-encoded alpha-subunit) or 868 (for the PFK2-encoded beta-subunit) is crucial to achieve this structure.	Alanine	43-50	6-phosphofructokinase subunit beta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	129-133
15781667-2	2005	A polymorphism [valine (V) --&gt; alanine (A)] of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria, has been recently associated with prostate cancer.	Alanine	34-41	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
10419831-3	1999	The HIV-1 Pr cleaved between Tyr(15) and Ala(16), the N-terminal Ala of the 70-residue peptide NAP/2.	Alanine	65-68	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	95-100
11063570-10	2000	Further specificity for the interaction of AE1 and CAII is provided by a conserved leucine residue (L886) in AE1 that, when mutated to alanine, resulted in loss of GST-Ct binding to immobilized CAII.	Alanine	135-142	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-112
15748148-7	2005	Second messenger assays further indicate that formation of ORL1/muR heterodimer selectively induces cross-desensitization of muR and impairs the potency by which [D-Ala(2),N-methyl-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) inhibits adenylate cyclase and stimulates p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation.	Alanine	164-168	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
11117432-0	2000	A serine/alanine polymorphism in the nucleotide-binding fold-2 of the sulphonylurea receptor-1 (S1369A) is associated with enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion during pregnancy.	Alanine	9-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	70-94
11068207-2	2000	Aggrecanase cleavage at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site in the interglobular domain of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan is a key event in arthritic diseases.	Alanine	37-40	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
10390155-2	1999	The predicted protein encoded by this gene is identical to the human ribosomal protein S13, except for one amino acid substitution at residue 29, which is an alanine in the hamster protein and a threonine in that of humans.	Alanine	158-165	ribosomal protein S13	Homo sapiens	69-90
15767203-5	2005	Using the Millipore MultiScreen-MIC and FLIPR assays, alanine substitutions at K130 and Q227 caused threefold shifts in potency for the CCR7 ligand, CCL19, whereas that at K137 had no effect.	Alanine	54-61	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19	Homo sapiens	149-154
10411113-9	1999	One patient was heterozygous for a G to A transition in the TSHbeta gene resulting in a substitution of alanine by threonine at position -7 of the signal peptide.	Alanine	104-111	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-67
11068207-7	2000	When only 16 amino acids preceded the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site, aggrecanase cleavage was completely inhibited.	Alanine	47-50	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
15709751-8	2005	Conversely, analysis of Cx43 mutants with proline to alanine substitutions in the two proline-rich regions of Cx43 revealed that the P(253)LSP(256) motif is an important determinant of the ability of Cx43 to interact with CIP85.	Alanine	53-60	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
15709751-8	2005	Conversely, analysis of Cx43 mutants with proline to alanine substitutions in the two proline-rich regions of Cx43 revealed that the P(253)LSP(256) motif is an important determinant of the ability of Cx43 to interact with CIP85.	Alanine	53-60	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
11202054-4	2000	Using this assay, and subsequent sequencing of gene regions containing interallelic variations, two novel mutations in the CPO gene were identified: a missense mutation (607G-->A), leading to the substitution of an alanine with a threonine, and a nonsense mutation (1281G-->A), giving rise to a stop codon 28 codons upstream to the wild-type stop codon.	Alanine	215-222	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	123-126
10338013-1	1999	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace Lys68 of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) with alanine to exploit this less reactive form of the enzyme to gain additional insights into the structure activity relationship of HGPRTase.	Alanine	120-127	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-113
10338013-1	1999	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace Lys68 of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) with alanine to exploit this less reactive form of the enzyme to gain additional insights into the structure activity relationship of HGPRTase.	Alanine	120-127	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	249-257
15671059-4	2005	Exchanging either threonine 652 or threonine 654 against the nonphosphorylatable alanines in Sec63p impairs the binding to Sec62p and interferes with the efficient translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.	Alanine	81-89	SEC63 homolog, protein translocation regulator	Homo sapiens	93-99
10378276-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the mODC" structure and its comparison with alanine racemase, together with modeling studies of the external aldimine intermediate, provide insight into the stereochemical characteristics of PLP-dependent decarboxylation.	Alanine	73-80	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	220-223
10323341-7	1999	The combination of Ala-665 and Gln-687 in exon 11 of the TAP2 gene was associated with the disease (P=0.0028, Pc&lt;0.05).	Alanine	19-22	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	57-61
15671059-4	2005	Exchanging either threonine 652 or threonine 654 against the nonphosphorylatable alanines in Sec63p impairs the binding to Sec62p and interferes with the efficient translocation of proteins across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.	Alanine	81-89	SEC62 homolog, preprotein translocation factor	Homo sapiens	123-129
10205004-12	1999	Replacement of the C-terminus by alanine amide37 in halpha CGRP8-37 (10(-5) M) failed to antagonize halpha CGRP responses.	Alanine	33-40	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
11021990-7	2000	Furthermore, we replaced the Ile/Leu residues in the leucine zipper-like domain of Vpr with Ala or Pro and used cells that expressed the mutant protein to demonstrate that Vpr caused apoptosis in a manner that was independent of G(2) arrest.	Alanine	92-95	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	83-86
11021990-7	2000	Furthermore, we replaced the Ile/Leu residues in the leucine zipper-like domain of Vpr with Ala or Pro and used cells that expressed the mutant protein to demonstrate that Vpr caused apoptosis in a manner that was independent of G(2) arrest.	Alanine	92-95	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	172-175
15686464-6	2005	The dissociation constants of ristocetin-induced (125)I-labelled VWF binding to two forms of soluble recombinant GPIb alpha [(1)His-(302)Ala, either (145)Thr (145T) or (145)Met (145M)] were not different.	Alanine	137-140	von Willebrand factor	Cricetulus griseus	65-68
11022003-4	2000	All three suppressor mutations suppressed the effects of Ala, Arg, or Leu at the N-terminus of nsP4 with almost equal efficiency and thus the effect of the suppressing mutation is independent of the nsP4 N-terminal residue.	Alanine	57-60	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	95-99
10978770-8	2000	Sequence analysis of these four DAAO mutants indicated the occurrence of mutations at Val-167, Pro-291, Pro-309, and Ala-343 residues.	Alanine	117-120	D-amino acid oxidase	Sus scrofa	32-36
11032020-7	2000	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues 30-55 revealed two different amino acids, P41 and P44, of mouse JunD that were critical for interaction with menin.	Alanine	0-7	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Mus musculus	83-86
11007975-6	2000	Our results are consistent with the notion that Glu-491 and Glu-493 play an important role in the sub-endosomal trafficking of Glut4, as substitution of these residues with Ala results in increased levels of these proteins at the cell surface, reduced insulin-stimulated translocation and increased susceptibility to endosomal ablation.	Alanine	173-176	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
10995387-12	2000	Importantly, mutation of Cdk2 phosphorylation sites to alanine abrogates the ability of p220 to activate the histone H2B promoter.	Alanine	55-62	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
10195455-4	1999	Enzymatic studies with mLAP and cLAP showed that the Leu moiety in Ac-Gly-(2S,6S)-Dpm(Leu)(NH2)-Ala (14) was hydrolyzed 68-fold and &gt;1000-fold more rapidly, respectively, than that in Ac-Gly-Lys(Leu)-Ala (12).	Alanine	96-99	BCL10 immune signaling adaptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
10195455-4	1999	Enzymatic studies with mLAP and cLAP showed that the Leu moiety in Ac-Gly-(2S,6S)-Dpm(Leu)(NH2)-Ala (14) was hydrolyzed 68-fold and &gt;1000-fold more rapidly, respectively, than that in Ac-Gly-Lys(Leu)-Ala (12).	Alanine	203-206	BCL10 immune signaling adaptor	Homo sapiens	32-36
10024091-4	1999	Recently, it was reported that GLP-1 became resistant to DPPIV when the alanine residue at position 8 was replaced by a glycine (GLP-1-Gly8).	Alanine	72-79	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	31-36
10199656-5	1999	The beta-sheet character of the alanine mutants also correlated well with their inhibition of E47 DNA binding.	Alanine	32-39	transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	94-97
10216953-9	1999	The first variant contained a point mutation in the eIF2B epsilon cDNA that converted the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation site, Ser535, to a nonphosphorylatable Ala residue.	Alanine	180-183	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
9857030-9	1998	One such residue, Ala-72 (Arg in ubiquitin), is shown to perform a key role in selecting against reaction with the ubiquitin E1 enzyme, thereby acting to prevent the inappropriate diversion of NEDD8 into ubiquitin-specific pathways.	Alanine	18-21	NEDD8 ubiquitin like modifier	Homo sapiens	193-198
9869642-5	1998	To identify the regions of UmuD necessary for Lon-mediated proteolysis, we performed "alanine-stretch" mutagenesis on umuD and followed the stability of the mutant protein in vivo.	Alanine	86-93	UmuD	Escherichia coli	27-31
9832504-4	1998	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the hCycT1 TRM identified residues that are critical for the interaction with Tat and others that are required specifically for binding of the complex to TAR RNA.	Alanine	0-7	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	110-113
9795257-10	1998	Half-transamination has the biological role of keeping the activity of the "true" l-TDH constant and of regulating intracellular levels of pyruvate, alanine, oxobutyric acid, l-aminobutyric acid, l-threonine and l-serine.	Alanine	149-156	L-threonine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
10603934-6	1998	Recently, we have used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to show an asymmetric distribution of function in the transmembrane domain of PLN--one helical face interacts with PLN molecules in a pentamer, and the other interacts with SERCA2a.	Alanine	23-30	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	130-133
9788776-3	1998	The homologous threonine in the second extracellular loop of the human prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	122-129	prostaglandin E receptor 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
9731213-4	1998	Overexpression of a mutant Akt1 (Akt-AA) in which the phosphorylation sites (Thr308 and Ser473) targeted by growth factors are replaced by alanine was shown to exert a dominant negative effect on Akt activation induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or by heat treatment in CHO cells.	Alanine	139-146	RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase	Cricetulus griseus	27-31
9888511-6	1998	In addition, both bovine and ovine AT1-R are known to exhibit lower affinity for DuP753 than human AT1-R, and in bovine AT1-R this has been suggested to coincide with the amino acid substitutions Ala-&gt;Thr (163) and Leu-&gt;Met (262) relative to the human sequence.	Alanine	196-199	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
9712349-2	1998	The Ala extensions, although did not affect binding affinity, significantly increased the half lives of peptide-DR1 complexes (from 1.5 h up to 10 h) in live antigen presenting cells (APC).	Alanine	4-7	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
9712171-7	1998	In contrast to the AT1 receptor, mutation of Trp269 in the AT2 receptor to an alanine had no effect on AngII binding, while mutation of Asp279 to alanine similarly impaired AngII binding in both receptors.	Alanine	78-85	angiotensin II receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	59-62
9632678-5	1998	In addition, we have replaced the conserved arginine (Arg305), which was suggested by structural studies to be a key catalytic residue, with an alanine and found that the R305A Cdc42-GAP mutant has a greatly diminished catalytic capacity but is still able to bind Cdc42 with high affinity.	Alanine	144-151	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	177-182
9628869-1	1998	Key residues of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR) involved in the recognition of agonist and antagonist ligands were identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis based on a homology model of the hMR ligand-binding domain.	Alanine	140-147	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	26-52
9628869-1	1998	Key residues of the human mineralocorticoid receptor (hMR) involved in the recognition of agonist and antagonist ligands were identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis based on a homology model of the hMR ligand-binding domain.	Alanine	140-147	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
9585570-5	1998	The kinetics of inhibition of papain by the mutants with small side chains, Ala and Ser, were compatible with a one-step bimolecular reaction similar to that with wild-type cystatin A.	Alanine	76-79	cystatin A	Homo sapiens	173-183
9578568-6	1998	Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the alpha-helix of finger 1 reveals that Lys-1 immediately preceding the helix is important for the recognition of the two guanine bases, but other putative key amino acids do not affect the DNA binding.	Alanine	0-7	Yip1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	51-59
9580683-4	1998	Alanine scan mutagenesis of the DNA binding domain of mGCMa identified the three conserved amino acids K74, C76 and C125 as being essential for DNA binding.	Alanine	0-7	glial cells missing homolog 1	Mus musculus	54-59
9565587-0	1998	Binding interaction of the heregulinbeta egf domain with ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors assessed by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	95-102	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
9558374-4	1998	Transactivation properties of the (Ser (169)--&gt; Ala) mutant p45 were also indistinguishable from wild-type p45 when Gal4-p45 fusion constructs were tested with a Gal4-dependent reporter gene.	Alanine	51-54	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2	Mus musculus	63-66
9442061-10	1998	The unc-64 (e246) mutation producing a mild phenotype causes an Ala--&gt;Val conversion in the conserved COOH-terminal region in mammalian syntaxin 1A or Drosophila syntaxin-1A whose site is included in three types of transcripts.	Alanine	64-67	Syntaxin-1A homolog	Caenorhabditis elegans	4-10
9417067-4	1998	Phosphorylation of HSL in adipocytes in response to isoproterenol and in vitro phosphorylation of HSL containing Ser --&gt; Ala mutations in residues 563 and 565 (S563A, S565A) with protein kinase A (PKA), followed by tryptic phosphopeptide mapping resulted in two tryptic phosphopeptides.	Alanine	124-127	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
9417067-4	1998	Phosphorylation of HSL in adipocytes in response to isoproterenol and in vitro phosphorylation of HSL containing Ser --&gt; Ala mutations in residues 563 and 565 (S563A, S565A) with protein kinase A (PKA), followed by tryptic phosphopeptide mapping resulted in two tryptic phosphopeptides.	Alanine	124-127	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9973643-3	1998	Molecular analysis revealed that this quantitative alteration was accompanied by a novel base change at codon 837 (ACG-->GCG) of the AE1 gene, resulting in substitution of alanine for threonine.	Alanine	172-179	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	133-136
9391159-6	1997	Conversion of Ser-674 in AC6 to an Ala blocks PKA phosphorylation and PKA-mediated loss of Galphas stimulation.	Alanine	35-38	adenylate cyclase 6	Homo sapiens	25-28
9393748-3	1997	Galectin-3 contains the NWGR amino acid sequence highly conserved in the BH1 domain of the bcl-2 gene family, and a substitution of glycine to alanine in this motif abrogated its antiapoptotic activity.	Alanine	143-150	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
9428725-1	1997	In rat liver, a single serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) gene is transcribed from two transcription initiation sites.	Alanine	39-46	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
9428725-1	1997	In rat liver, a single serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) gene is transcribed from two transcription initiation sites.	Alanine	39-46	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9341195-7	1997	Of the two histidines that compose the type-2 binding site, the His-1957 --&gt; Ala mutant displayed secretion, light and heavy chain assembly, and activity similar to wild-type FVIII, while mutant His-99 --&gt; Ala was partially defective for secretion and had low levels of heavy and light chain association and activity.	Alanine	80-83	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	178-183
10856302-2	2000	The structural features of TIP39, determined in the presence of a zwitterionic lipid to mimic the membrane environment of the G-protein-coupled PTH2 receptor, consist of two alpha-helices, Ala(5)-Arg(21) and Leu(26)-Val(35).	Alanine	189-192	parathyroid hormone 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
11877024-5	2000	The mutation in the patients" ALAS2 gene was exon 5 A523G, causing threonine to alanine; and exon 3 T372C, leucine to proline.	Alanine	80-87	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
15642343-0	2005	A Gly/Ala switch contributes to high affinity binding of benzoxazinone-based non-peptide oxytocin receptor antagonists.	Alanine	6-9	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	89-106
10956022-7	2000	Replacing the five Phe with five Ala residues in MARCKS(151-175) decreases the binding to 10:1 PC/PS vesicles only slightly (6-fold).	Alanine	33-36	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	49-55
9399582-5	1997	The order of Kcat/Km values of AAP at optimal pH (pH 7.5) was Ala- &gt; Lys-Ala- &gt; or = Met- &gt; Leu- &gt; Phe- &gt; Arg- &gt; or = Arg-Arg- &gt; Lys- &gt; Gly-MCAs.	Alanine	62-65	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	31-34
9399582-5	1997	The order of Kcat/Km values of AAP at optimal pH (pH 7.5) was Ala- &gt; Lys-Ala- &gt; or = Met- &gt; Leu- &gt; Phe- &gt; Arg- &gt; or = Arg-Arg- &gt; Lys- &gt; Gly-MCAs.	Alanine	76-79	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	31-34
9299349-3	1997	When the alpha-subunit (alpha-MPP) was co-expressed with N-terminal hexa-histidine tagged beta-MPP, alpha-MPP was co-eluted from a nickel-derivatized affinity resin, with a 1:1 stochiometry, both with wild-type beta-MPP and with the mutants with alanine inserted after Ser114 and Ser314.	Alanine	246-253	peptidase, mitochondrial processing subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	24-33
9299349-3	1997	When the alpha-subunit (alpha-MPP) was co-expressed with N-terminal hexa-histidine tagged beta-MPP, alpha-MPP was co-eluted from a nickel-derivatized affinity resin, with a 1:1 stochiometry, both with wild-type beta-MPP and with the mutants with alanine inserted after Ser114 and Ser314.	Alanine	246-253	peptidase, mitochondrial processing subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	100-109
11003134-2	2000	In the present report, a linear analogue and a series of cyclic semi-mimetic peptides were designed and synthesized based on the human myelin basic protein (MBP(87-99)) epitope (Val87-His-Phe-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ile-Val-Thr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Pro90) and on Copolymer I (a mixture of random polymers of Ala, Gln, Lys and Tyr used to treat MS).	Alanine	287-290	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	135-155
11003134-2	2000	In the present report, a linear analogue and a series of cyclic semi-mimetic peptides were designed and synthesized based on the human myelin basic protein (MBP(87-99)) epitope (Val87-His-Phe-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ile-Val-Thr-Pro-Arg-Thr-Pro90) and on Copolymer I (a mixture of random polymers of Ala, Gln, Lys and Tyr used to treat MS).	Alanine	287-290	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	157-160
9294141-4	1997	Using alanine-substituted peptide analogues of the native PLP peptide, we show that the Th2 clones have shifted their primary contact residue to the NH2-terminal end of the peptide.	Alanine	6-13	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	58-61
15642343-3	2005	Examination of receptor sequences from different species identified Ala(318) in helix 7 of the human OTR as a candidate discriminator required for high affinity binding.	Alanine	68-71	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	101-104
15642359-6	2005	Furthermore, we show here, using point mutant forms of C-Raf kinases with serine to alanine and serine to aspartic acid substitution, that serines 296 and 301 contribute to negative regulation of C-Raf.	Alanine	84-91	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	55-60
9337866-3	1997	A replacement of Gly with Ala in the cyclophilin-binding loop of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein results in the prevention of the packaging of Cyp18 into virions.	Alanine	26-29	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	71-74
15513924-9	2005	beta(1)Pix(S516A/T526A), in which both phosphorylation sites are replaced by alanine, blocks beta(1)Pix translocation and Cdc42 activation.	Alanine	77-84	cell division cycle 42	Homo sapiens	122-127
9289016-4	1997	In this study we have used alanine scanning mutagenesis to identify residues on RANTES that specifically interact with its receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 for binding and activation.	Alanine	27-34	C-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
9444977-4	1997	Coimmunization with Ac1-11 and Ac1-11[4A], an analog in which lysine at position four is substituted with alanine, prevents EAE.	Alanine	106-113	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	20-23
9444977-4	1997	Coimmunization with Ac1-11 and Ac1-11[4A], an analog in which lysine at position four is substituted with alanine, prevents EAE.	Alanine	106-113	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	31-34
9228034-5	1997	We have recently identified a major ligand binding site of the insulin receptor by alanine scannning mutagenesis.	Alanine	83-90	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	63-79
9228034-9	1997	Mutation of Phe701 resulted in a receptor with undetectable IGF-1 binding; alanine substitution of the corresponding amino acid of the insulin receptor, Phe714, produces a 140-fold reduction in affinity for insulin.	Alanine	75-82	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	135-151
9228034-11	1997	In contrast, alanine mutation of the corresponding amino acids of the insulin receptor with the exception of Asp12 produces reductions in affinity that are 50-fold or greater.	Alanine	13-20	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	70-86
9228034-13	1997	The Kd values for insulin of the corresponding alanine mutants of the insulin receptor, Arg14 and His710, are 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than for wild type receptor.	Alanine	47-54	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	70-86
10899452-2	2000	This homozygous C-to-A mutation results in the replacement of a highly conserved alanine at amino acid position 659 with an aspartic acid in the C-terminal domain of the myophosphorylase gene protein, near binding sites for pyridoxal phosphate and glucose.	Alanine	81-88	glycogen phosphorylase, muscle associated	Homo sapiens	170-186
10922078-8	2000	The major portion of intracellular Abeta at steady state was found in the same Golgi/trans-Golgi network-rich vesicles, and Abeta levels in these fractions were markedly reduced when either PS1 TM aspartate was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	222-229	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
10891064-2	2000	The homodimeric IscS protein has been shown to be a cysteine desulfurase that catalyzes the reductive conversion of cysteine to alanine and sulfide.	Alanine	128-135	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	16-20
10861238-3	2000	The epitope recognized by the anti-hEGF antibodies was further characterized using 8 chimaeras between hEGF and an EGF-repeat from Drosophila Notch and was found to include Met(21), Ala(30) and Asn(32).	Alanine	182-185	Epidermal growth factor receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	36-39
9207019-0	1997	A biologically active 53 kDa fragment of overproduced alanyl-tRNA synthetase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 specifically interacts with tRNA Ala acceptor helix.	Alanine	140-143	alanine--tRNA ligase-related protein	Thermus thermophilus HB8	54-76
15650551-6	2005	PAI-1 gene analysis by polymerase chain reaction product sequencing revealed that the patient had a heterozygous missense mutation G to A transition at nucleotide position 4497 in exon 2, causing replacement of alanine 15 (GCC) to threonine (ACC) at signal peptide.	Alanine	211-218	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	223-226
9162031-4	1997	Two mutations at a unique HCII residue, Arg200 --&gt; Ala or Glu, were generated by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	54-57	serpin family D member 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
9153196-7	1997	A role for His64 in transferring protons between the zinc-bound water and solution was confirmed by the 100-fold lower activity of the mutant of mCA IV containing the replacement His64 --&gt; Ala.	Alanine	192-195	carbonic anhydrase 4	Mus musculus	145-151
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	40-49
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	40-43
9148947-7	1997	The association between c-Src Y527F and PKC delta was substantially enhanced by mutating a PKC phosphorylation site at Ser-12 in Src to Ala indicating that PKC delta phosphorylation of Src at Ser-12 destabilizes the interaction, possibly in a negative feedback loop.	Alanine	136-139	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	156-165
9148753-5	1997	The N-terminal sequence of the two fragments generated by MMP-2 and MMP-3 is Leu211-Lys-Gly-Leu-Asn, but that of the others is Asp1-Glu-Ala-Ser-Gly.	Alanine	136-139	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
9030579-7	1997	Ligand-dependent activation by full-length mouse PPARgamma2 was also augmented by mutation of the homologous serine in the A/B domain to alanine.	Alanine	137-144	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	49-59
10839996-1	2000	Tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) with an Arg(54)--&gt;Cys (R54C) or an Asp(277)--&gt;Ala (D277A)substitution was found in a patient with hypophosphatasia [Henthorn,Raducha, Fedde, Lafferty and Whyte (1992) Proc.	Alanine	102-105	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Homo sapiens	0-40
10839996-1	2000	Tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) with an Arg(54)--&gt;Cys (R54C) or an Asp(277)--&gt;Ala (D277A)substitution was found in a patient with hypophosphatasia [Henthorn,Raducha, Fedde, Lafferty and Whyte (1992) Proc.	Alanine	102-105	alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated	Homo sapiens	42-48
10929424-6	2000	As a result, a mutation of GCC to GCT, encoding amino acid position 250 (Ala-250) was found.	Alanine	73-76	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	27-30
10929424-9	2000	As described above, the nucleotide codon encoding the amino acid sequence position 250, Ala-250, was GCC in two normal subjects.	Alanine	88-91	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	101-104
10788459-12	2000	These results indicated that, in contrast to M-PST, mutations at Ala-86, Ile-89, and Ala-146 to the corresponding residues in M-PST are not sufficient for rendering the change of P-PST substrate phenotype to that of M-PST.	Alanine	65-68	mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase	Homo sapiens	126-131
10788459-12	2000	These results indicated that, in contrast to M-PST, mutations at Ala-86, Ile-89, and Ala-146 to the corresponding residues in M-PST are not sufficient for rendering the change of P-PST substrate phenotype to that of M-PST.	Alanine	65-68	mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase	Homo sapiens	126-131
10788459-12	2000	These results indicated that, in contrast to M-PST, mutations at Ala-86, Ile-89, and Ala-146 to the corresponding residues in M-PST are not sufficient for rendering the change of P-PST substrate phenotype to that of M-PST.	Alanine	85-88	mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase	Homo sapiens	126-131
10788459-12	2000	These results indicated that, in contrast to M-PST, mutations at Ala-86, Ile-89, and Ala-146 to the corresponding residues in M-PST are not sufficient for rendering the change of P-PST substrate phenotype to that of M-PST.	Alanine	85-88	mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase	Homo sapiens	126-131
8999905-2	1997	Recent studies utilizing alanine scanning mutagenesis have identified a major ligand binding domain of the secreted recombinant insulin receptor composed of two subdomains, one between amino acids 1 and 120 and the other between amino acids 704 and 716.	Alanine	25-32	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	128-144
15386537-6	2005	When MnSOD Ala was combined with either cytochrome P450 1B1 CYP1B1*1 and catechol O-methyltransferase COMT-L (V158M) genotypes, the risk for developing breast cancer was significantly increased in patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 24 kg m(-2) (OR: 1.42 (95%CI=1.04-1.93)).	Alanine	11-14	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	5-10
8972183-7	1997	The second domain of Dr1 is the repression domain, which is glutamine-alanine rich.	Alanine	70-77	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
8940200-3	1996	Replacement of the active site Ser-581 (full-length fatty acid synthase numbering) with alanine completely eliminated catalytic activity, whereas replacement with cysteine resulted in retention of about 1% activity.	Alanine	88-95	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	52-71
15513922-6	2004	Steady state kinetic analysis with wild type Msh2-Msh6, and with heterodimers containing subunit-specific Glu to Ala replacements inferred to inactivate the ATPase activity of either Msh2 or Msh6, suggest that cadmium inhibits ATP hydrolysis by Msh6 but not Msh2.	Alanine	113-116	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	157-163
10843183-6	2000	Sequencing of exon II revealed the presence of a C to A transversion in both alleles of these two cases, thus converting codon 10 (GCA), which codes for Ala, into GAA, encoding Glu.	Alanine	153-156	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	163-166
15513922-6	2004	Steady state kinetic analysis with wild type Msh2-Msh6, and with heterodimers containing subunit-specific Glu to Ala replacements inferred to inactivate the ATPase activity of either Msh2 or Msh6, suggest that cadmium inhibits ATP hydrolysis by Msh6 but not Msh2.	Alanine	113-116	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
10733581-5	2000	Indeed, ERK directly phosphorylates TTF-1 at three serine residues, and concomitant mutation of these serines to alanines completely abolishes ERK-mediated phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	113-121	transcription termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
8942668-1	1996	His 238, a conserved amino acid located in hydrogen-bonding distance from C-6 of the substrate in the active site of murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) and postulated to play an important role in catalysis, was altered into an alanine, a glutamate, and an arginine using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	226-233	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	124-143
8942668-1	1996	His 238, a conserved amino acid located in hydrogen-bonding distance from C-6 of the substrate in the active site of murine adenosine deaminase (mADA) and postulated to play an important role in catalysis, was altered into an alanine, a glutamate, and an arginine using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	226-233	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	145-149
15513922-6	2004	Steady state kinetic analysis with wild type Msh2-Msh6, and with heterodimers containing subunit-specific Glu to Ala replacements inferred to inactivate the ATPase activity of either Msh2 or Msh6, suggest that cadmium inhibits ATP hydrolysis by Msh6 but not Msh2.	Alanine	113-116	mutS homolog 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
8942668-6	1996	The Ala 238 mutant was the most active ADA, with a kcat/K(m) 2 x 10(-3) lower than the wild-type value.	Alanine	4-7	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	39-42
15595845-4	2004	The results of Ala-scanning experiments on short polypeptides derived from Amylin have suggested that aromatic interactions could be particularly important for this system.	Alanine	15-18	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	75-81
8913368-7	1996	Systematically replacing each residue with alanine, or changing its chirality, demonstrated that the carboxyl-terminal residues His8, Phe9, and Met10 of NMB are important for optimal activity.	Alanine	43-50	neuromedin B	Homo sapiens	153-156
10718748-8	2000	Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine 286 (H286) to alanine completely abolished the pH sensitivity of the P2X4 receptor at all agonist concentrations.	Alanine	53-60	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	108-112
15595845-5	2004	Here, we examine a set of Amylin-derived polypeptides in which the single aromatic residue has been substituted with a Leu and Ala.	Alanine	127-130	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	26-32
10704203-2	2000	The crystal structure of IFN-beta-1a was used to design a panel of 15 mutant proteins, in each of which a contiguous group of 2-8 surface residues was mutated, in most instances to alanine.	Alanine	181-188	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	25-33
15358775-7	2004	In cells, full-length beta1AR robustly associates with CAL, and this interaction is abolished by mutation of the terminal valine to alanine of the receptor (V477A), as determined by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and immunofluorescence co-localization studies.	Alanine	132-139	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-29
10694390-6	2000	Furthermore, substitution of the conserved arginine residue in domain 3 (R435) or in domain 9 (R1334) with alanine resulted in a similar &gt;1000-fold decrease in the affinity for the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase.	Alanine	107-114	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	202-220
9129163-4	1996	Cells expressing DR1 molecules with alanine at positions 77, 78, 80, 83, 84 and 85, or serine at position 79 could all bind SEA and present it to either polyclonal or monoclonal T cells.	Alanine	36-43	down-regulator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	17-20
15556603-5	2004	Mutation of these residues to alanine severely impaired the Ycf1-dependent cadmium detoxification capacity and transport activity, while replacement by acidic residues (mimicking phosphorylation) significantly suppressed the cadmium resistance and transport defects.	Alanine	30-37	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
8824238-5	1996	Substitution of this whole predicted loop region with alanines completely abrogated high affinity binding of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5.	Alanine	54-62	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	127-131
8824238-6	1996	Individual alanine substitutions across the loop revealed that a single residue, Tyr421, is critical for high affinity binding of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5, whereas alanine substitution of adjacent residues has little or no effect on high affinity binding.	Alanine	11-18	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	148-152
8947838-1	1996	The FAD-binding cysteine of rat liver monoamine oxidase A (MAO A), Cys406, was converted to an alanine by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA.	Alanine	95-102	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	38-57
10692412-2	2000	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) (EC 4.4.1.16) is a pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium.	Alanine	155-164	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	0-20
10692412-2	2000	Selenocysteine lyase (SCL) (EC 4.4.1.16) is a pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium.	Alanine	155-164	selenocysteine lyase	Mus musculus	22-25
10692452-6	2000	Alanine scanning mutagenesis shows that clathrin binding depends on the sequence (257)LMDLADV located within the epsin 1 DPW domain.	Alanine	0-7	epsin 1	Homo sapiens	113-120
8947838-1	1996	The FAD-binding cysteine of rat liver monoamine oxidase A (MAO A), Cys406, was converted to an alanine by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA.	Alanine	95-102	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
15286207-4	2004	The four conserved glutamates that compose the Ca(2+) selectivity filter in Ca(v)1.2 were mutated to Gln (E363Q, E709Q, E1118Q, E1419Q) and the adjacent conserved threonine in each domain was mutated to Ala (T361A, T707A, T1116A, T1417A).	Alanine	203-206	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8	Homo sapiens	76-84
8902847-5	1996	These replacements included beta 22Gly, beta 24Pro and beta 25Val with Glu, Arg and Phe in beta 1, 45Leu Gln Gly Val Leu Pro Ala Leu Pro53 with Tyr Lys Asn Pro Ala Arg Pro Leu Ile in beta 2 and 73Pro Arg Gly with Ala His His in the beta 3 loop.	Alanine	125-128	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
8703003-7	1996	Alanine substitution of these residues did not affect receptor expression but abolished the binding of activation-dependent (PAC1) and -independent (OPG2) ligand mimetic antibodies.	Alanine	0-7	dual specificity phosphatase 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
10716266-2	2000	We studied whether an exonic polymorphism of the catD gene (C --> T [Ala --> Val] transition at position 224), which possibly influences pro-catD secretion and intracellular maturation of the enzyme, was associated with the risk for the development of AD in 127 demented patients and 184 controls.	Alanine	69-72	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	49-53
10716266-2	2000	We studied whether an exonic polymorphism of the catD gene (C --> T [Ala --> Val] transition at position 224), which possibly influences pro-catD secretion and intracellular maturation of the enzyme, was associated with the risk for the development of AD in 127 demented patients and 184 controls.	Alanine	69-72	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	141-145
8784199-0	1996	Alanine point-mutations in the reactive region of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor: effects on the kinetics and thermodynamics of binding to beta-trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin.	Alanine	0-7	serine protease 1	Bos taurus	144-156
10692489-2	2000	Alanine mutation, in the human ORL1 receptor, of transmembrane amino acid residues that are conserved in opioid receptors, Asp(130) and Tyr(131) in transmembrane segment (TM) III, Phe(220) and Phe(224) in TM V, and Trp(276) in TM VI, yields mutant receptors with reduced affinity, and proportionally decreased reactivity, toward nociceptin.	Alanine	0-7	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
15483133-8	2004	Finally, Ala 315 of KCNQ3, a residue located in the inner vestibule after the selectivity filter, plays a critical role in preventing current flow in KCNQ3 homomeric channels, whereas it is permissive in heteromers in combination with Thr at the equivalent 276 position of KCNQ2.	Alanine	9-12	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3	Homo sapiens	20-25
10652353-5	2000	A LIMK1 mutant (T508A) with replacement of Thr-508 within the activation loop of the kinase domain by alanine was neither phosphorylated nor activated by ROCK.	Alanine	102-109	LIM domain kinase 1	Homo sapiens	2-7
10617612-9	2000	Furthermore, Ala substitutions in the dimerization element selectively diminished transcriptional activation at UAS/CYC7.	Alanine	13-16	cytochrome c isoform 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
8702527-0	1996	An insulin receptor mutant (Asp707 --&gt; Ala), involved in leprechaunism, is processed and transported to the cell surface but unable to bind insulin.	Alanine	42-45	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	3-19
8856509-9	1996	Basolateral targeting of pIgR mutants bearing Ala mutations at either 656 or 657 was not affected by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA), while basolateral targeting of pIgR containing an Ala substitution at position 660 was markedly and uniquely stimulated by BFA.	Alanine	46-49	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	25-29
15483133-8	2004	Finally, Ala 315 of KCNQ3, a residue located in the inner vestibule after the selectivity filter, plays a critical role in preventing current flow in KCNQ3 homomeric channels, whereas it is permissive in heteromers in combination with Thr at the equivalent 276 position of KCNQ2.	Alanine	9-12	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3	Homo sapiens	150-155
15385740-4	2004	However, the transporter associated with antigen presentation 2 (TAP2) Ala 665 variant associated with resistance in earlier analyses in the MACS was in linkage disequilibrium with some HLA class II alleles.	Alanine	71-74	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	65-69
8621556-4	1996	The functional implication of this residue and the role of glutamate 386 in the HELVH(385-389) motif of APA have been investigated by replacing these residues with an aspartate (Asp-386, Asp-408) or an alanine (Ala-386, Ala-408) by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	202-209	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Mus musculus	104-107
8621556-4	1996	The functional implication of this residue and the role of glutamate 386 in the HELVH(385-389) motif of APA have been investigated by replacing these residues with an aspartate (Asp-386, Asp-408) or an alanine (Ala-386, Ala-408) by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	211-214	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Mus musculus	104-107
8621556-4	1996	The functional implication of this residue and the role of glutamate 386 in the HELVH(385-389) motif of APA have been investigated by replacing these residues with an aspartate (Asp-386, Asp-408) or an alanine (Ala-386, Ala-408) by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	220-223	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Mus musculus	104-107
11001589-7	2000	A synthetic peptide based on this region of the protein was shown to be a substrate for the B1R protein kinase, and the extent of phosphorylation was substantially decreased if either Thr residue was replaced by an Ala.	Alanine	215-218	ser/thr kinase	Vaccinia virus	92-95
11330058-1	2000	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) of rat liver is a unique enzyme of dual subcellular localization, and exists in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.	Alanine	16-23	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
11330058-1	2000	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT or SPT/AGT) of rat liver is a unique enzyme of dual subcellular localization, and exists in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.	Alanine	16-23	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
15385740-5	2004	After adjusting for the established associations with HLA-A*0205 subgroup and TAP2 Ala 665 variant, no HLA class II alleles were independently associated with resistance/susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.	Alanine	83-86	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	78-82
10630424-0	2000	The utilization of alanine, glutamic acid, and serine as amino acid substrates for glycine N-acyltransferase.	Alanine	19-26	glycine N-acyltransferase	Bos taurus	83-108
15542540-1	2004	In an attempt to design immunogens that elicit broadly HIV-neutralizing antibodies, we recently engineered monomeric HIV-1 gp120 to bind preferentially b12, a broadly neutralizing antibody to the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, by mutating four central residues in the CD4bs to alanine and introducing extra N-glycosylation sites potentially to mask unwanted B-cell epitopes.	Alanine	281-288	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	123-128
10630424-3	2000	Bovine glycine N-acyltransferase catalyzed conjugation of benzoyl-CoA with Gly (Km(Gly) = 6.2 mM), Asn (Km(Asn) = 129 mM), Gln (Km(Gln) = 353 mM), Ala (Km(Ala) = 1573 mM), Glu (Km(Glu) = 1148 mM) as well as Ser in a sequential mechanism.	Alanine	147-150	glycine N-acyltransferase	Bos taurus	7-32
10630424-3	2000	Bovine glycine N-acyltransferase catalyzed conjugation of benzoyl-CoA with Gly (Km(Gly) = 6.2 mM), Asn (Km(Asn) = 129 mM), Gln (Km(Gln) = 353 mM), Ala (Km(Ala) = 1573 mM), Glu (Km(Glu) = 1148 mM) as well as Ser in a sequential mechanism.	Alanine	155-158	glycine N-acyltransferase	Bos taurus	7-32
8522980-1	1996	Three serine residues (Ser193, Ser194, Ser197) in the fifth transmembrane-spanning region of the D2 dopamine receptor have been mutated separately to alanine and the effects of the mutations determined in ligand-binding experiments with [3H] spiperone.	Alanine	150-157	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	97-117
15351858-3	2004	Sequence analysis of the gene coding for GP IX revealed a homozygous (G to A) transition at nucleotide 2113, resulting in a Ala 140 (GCC) to Thr (ACC) replacement in the mature peptide, whereas no defects were found in the coding region of the GP Iband GP Ibgene.	Alanine	124-127	glycoprotein IX platelet	Homo sapiens	41-46
15276028-4	2004	Two novel mutations of the KCNJ2 gene were detected: a missense threonine to alanine mutation (T75A) in the N-terminal region (family 1) and an in-frame deletion of two amino acids (DeltaFQ163-164) in the M2 transmembrane region (family 2).	Alanine	77-84	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
10593948-7	1999	Mutation of the putative catalytic serine residue of FAP to alanine abolishes both enzymatic activities.	Alanine	60-67	fibroblast activation protein alpha	Homo sapiens	53-56
15128734-4	2004	Substitution of the serine 667 amino acid residue of Daxx with alanine reduced the interaction with CRM1 during glucose deprivation, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Ser-667 is required for its binding to CRM1 and for its subsequent nuclear export.	Alanine	63-70	death domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	53-57
10626818-6	1999	To further investigate whether the functional changes observed in a galectin-3 with the 11 NH2-terminal amino acids deleted were due to loss of phosphorylation at Ser6, two point mutations were created at this serine: Ser6--&gt;Ala and Ser6--&gt;Glu.	Alanine	228-231	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	68-78
15128734-6	2004	Interestingly, constitutive export of Daxx has occurred by replacement of the tryptophan 621 Daxx residue with alanine.	Alanine	111-118	death domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	38-42
10570000-3	1999	This was achieved by using two boar recombinant proteins: beta-acrosin and a mutant of the catalytic site, beta-acrosin Ser/Ala(222).	Alanine	124-127	acrosin	Sus scrofa	112-119
15128734-6	2004	Interestingly, constitutive export of Daxx has occurred by replacement of the tryptophan 621 Daxx residue with alanine.	Alanine	111-118	death domain associated protein	Homo sapiens	93-97
10590259-7	1999	Examination of COS-expressed IL-5 mutants by Western blot showed that single mutations of E(89), R(90), R(91) or R(92) to alanine caused a loss of IL-5 binding to both Sch 55700 and 39D10.	Alanine	122-129	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	29-33
15128747-4	2004	Live cell fluorescence microscopy and cell surface biotinylation were used to study the effects of systematic deletions and alanine substitutions in the carboxyl terminus on DAT localization.	Alanine	124-131	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
10551865-6	1999	Mutation of the four Ser and Thr ERK consensus phosphorylation sites to Ala residues inhibited the ability of the receptor to redistribute to intracellular tubules in a p42(mapk/erk2)-dependent fashion; whereas mutation of the phosphorylation sites to Asp and Glu residues mimicked the effect of receptor phosphorylation.	Alanine	72-75	cyclin-dependent kinase 20	Mus musculus	169-172
10566637-5	1999	In one allele, an undescribed G to C transversion in codon 217, which occurred at the last base of exon 5 and thus altered the splice donor site sequence, apparently resulted in a substitution of Arg to Thr (AGG to ACG: R217T), and in the other allele, a C to T transition in codon 218 caused a substitution of Ala to Val (GCG to GTG: A218V), which has been previously shown to abolish StAR activity.	Alanine	311-314	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	386-390
15193990-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: We have extended a method of SOD2 polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in mitochondrial sequence.	Alanine	61-64	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
10486054-6	1999	On the other hand, when Glu-248, Ala-262, Thr-274, Leu-285, Gly-313, Ala-322, or Val-335 of CvaA protein was mutated, the secretion of ColV was greatly reduced in certain mutants.	Alanine	69-72	Colicin V	Escherichia coli	135-139
15196952-5	2004	Here, we show that expression of ezrin mutants in which the COOH-terminal threonine T567 was replaced by an aspartate (to mimic a phosphorylated residue; T567D) or by an alanine (to avoid phosphorylation; T567A) interferes with E-cadherin function and disrupts the first morphogenetic events of development: compaction and cavitation.	Alanine	170-177	ezrin	Mus musculus	33-38
10557023-3	1999	We studied the role of a common amino acid substitution, replacing an alanine (A) with a valine (V) at codon 55, of the coding region of the UCP2 gene for 24-h energy expenditure and respiratory quotient (RQ) in healthy subjects METHODS: 24-h energy expenditure and RQ were measured in calorimeters in 60 healthy subjects.	Alanine	70-77	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
15147956-6	2004	Expression of a mutated FoxO3, in which all three inhibitory phosphorylation sites were mutated to alanine, led to rapid increase of apoptotic cells in the presence of FL.	Alanine	99-106	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	168-170
10455016-3	1999	By using site-directed mutagenesis we show here that another mutation in human CYP17, Arg(449)--&gt;Ala, for which human variants have yet not been described, also leads to selective lyase deficiency.	Alanine	100-103	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
15188372-7	2004	These novel mutations resulted in the substitution of tryptophan (TGG) by a stop codon (TGA) at amino acid position 188 (W188X) and in the exchange of valine (GTG) for alanine (GCG) at amino acid position 203 (V203A).	Alanine	168-175	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
10448092-1	1999	Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) is a transcription factor that contains proline-rich, alanine repeats and six C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger motifs, as well as five putative sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII).	Alanine	95-102	MYC associated zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	0-34
15147379-0	2004	Mutation of the surface-exposed amino acid Trp to Ala in the FVIII C2 domain results in defective secretion of the otherwise functional protein.	Alanine	50-53	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	61-66
10448092-1	1999	Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) is a transcription factor that contains proline-rich, alanine repeats and six C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger motifs, as well as five putative sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII).	Alanine	95-102	MYC associated zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	36-39
15147379-4	2004	To analyse this interaction, the amino-acid exchange Trp(2313) to Ala (W2313A) was introduced into the C2 domain of B-domain-deleted FVIII (dBFVIII).	Alanine	66-69	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	133-138
10428814-2	1999	Alanine substitution and truncation mutants of the human CD40ct domain were generated, revealing residues critical for binding TRAF2, TRAF3, or both of these proteins.	Alanine	0-7	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	57-61
10425186-4	1999	In addition, processing efficiency of Val-type SOD2 leader peptide in the presence of mitochondria was siginificantly lower than that of the Ala-type by 11 +/- 4%, suggesting that this lower processing efficiency was in part an underlying mechanism of the association between the SOD2-VV genotype and nonfamilial IDC.	Alanine	141-144	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
15138284-5	2004	Mutating two key positively charged lysines to neutral alanines in the NLS of full-length p120(ctn) inhibited both p120(ctn) nuclear localization as well as the characteristic p120(ctn)-induced branching phenotype that correlates with increased cell migration.	Alanine	55-63	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
10428966-5	1999	When the two phosphorylation sites in E2F-1 are mutated to alanine, the stability of the E2F-1 activation domain is greatly increased.	Alanine	59-66	E2F transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	38-43
10428966-5	1999	When the two phosphorylation sites in E2F-1 are mutated to alanine, the stability of the E2F-1 activation domain is greatly increased.	Alanine	59-66	E2F transcription factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	89-94
15138284-5	2004	Mutating two key positively charged lysines to neutral alanines in the NLS of full-length p120(ctn) inhibited both p120(ctn) nuclear localization as well as the characteristic p120(ctn)-induced branching phenotype that correlates with increased cell migration.	Alanine	55-63	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
15138284-5	2004	Mutating two key positively charged lysines to neutral alanines in the NLS of full-length p120(ctn) inhibited both p120(ctn) nuclear localization as well as the characteristic p120(ctn)-induced branching phenotype that correlates with increased cell migration.	Alanine	55-63	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
15214434-1	2004	The influence of the two histidine and two arginine residues of mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD) in activity and binding was studied by replacing these amino acids in the MCD sequence with L-alanine.	Alanine	194-203	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	64-95
10393080-8	1999	To test the possibility that this might constitute a leucine zipper involved in vinculin binding, we mutated each leucine residue to an alanine.	Alanine	136-143	vinculin	Homo sapiens	80-88
15214434-1	2004	The influence of the two histidine and two arginine residues of mast cell degranulating peptide (MCD) in activity and binding was studied by replacing these amino acids in the MCD sequence with L-alanine.	Alanine	194-203	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	97-100
8845358-9	1995	Zone electrophoresis demonstrated the wild type enzyme bound both tRNA(Gly) and noncognate tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	96-99	acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Bombyx mori	66-75
15214434-6	2004	The binding affinities of the analogs were tested by competitive displacement of bound fluorescent MCD peptide from the FcepsilonRIalpha binding protein of the mast cell receptor by the Ala analogs using fluorescence polarization.	Alanine	186-189	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	99-102
10445389-9	1999	Under load conditions (alanine, arginine or glutamine), EGF pretreatment was followed by a stimulation of renal amino acid reabsorption.	Alanine	23-30	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
15214434-8	2004	This study showed that the introduction of alanine residues in these positions resulted in MCD agonists of diverse potency.	Alanine	43-50	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	91-94
15163730-5	2004	Precise mutation analyses indicated that replacement of Leu(139), Val(140), and Leu(144) of core protein by Ala inhibited processing by SPP, but cleavage at the core-E1 junction by signal peptidase was maintained.	Alanine	108-111	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	136-139
8543762-4	1995	The other sites of TAP2 gene were analyzed by mismatch PCR-RFLP: AccII for TAP2 codon 379 (Val-Ile), RsaI for codon 565 (Ala-Thr), and MspI for codon 665 (Thr-Ala).	Alanine	121-124	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	19-23
8543762-4	1995	The other sites of TAP2 gene were analyzed by mismatch PCR-RFLP: AccII for TAP2 codon 379 (Val-Ile), RsaI for codon 565 (Ala-Thr), and MspI for codon 665 (Thr-Ala).	Alanine	159-162	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	19-23
10406457-5	1999	Alanine substitutions further demonstrated that lysine 240, asparagine 242, and serine 243 are key residues for AT2-induced apoptosis, ERK inhibition, and SHP-1 activation.	Alanine	0-7	angiotensin II receptor, type 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
15064354-6	2004	Substituting endogenous MCAK in Xenopus extracts with the alanine mutant XMCAK-4A, which is resistant to inhibition by Aurora B-INCENP, led to assembly of mono-astral and monopolar structures instead of bipolar spindles.	Alanine	58-65	aurora kinase B L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-127
10406457-5	1999	Alanine substitutions further demonstrated that lysine 240, asparagine 242, and serine 243 are key residues for AT2-induced apoptosis, ERK inhibition, and SHP-1 activation.	Alanine	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
15064354-6	2004	Substituting endogenous MCAK in Xenopus extracts with the alanine mutant XMCAK-4A, which is resistant to inhibition by Aurora B-INCENP, led to assembly of mono-astral and monopolar structures instead of bipolar spindles.	Alanine	58-65	inner centromere protein S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	128-134
7473721-2	1995	For example, an alanine residue at H71 provides room for packing CDR2/CDR1 and lysine residues at H73 and H93 contribute a salt-bridge to aspartic acid at H55 in CDR2 and a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group at H96 in CDR3, respectively.	Alanine	16-23	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
15054093-7	2004	The sites of CCL19-induced phosphorylation were mapped by mutating to alanines the serines and threonines found within kinase phosphorylation consensus sequences in the carboxyl terminus of CCR7.	Alanine	70-78	C-C motif chemokine ligand 19	Homo sapiens	13-18
7473721-2	1995	For example, an alanine residue at H71 provides room for packing CDR2/CDR1 and lysine residues at H73 and H93 contribute a salt-bridge to aspartic acid at H55 in CDR2 and a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group at H96 in CDR3, respectively.	Alanine	16-23	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	162-166
7473721-2	1995	For example, an alanine residue at H71 provides room for packing CDR2/CDR1 and lysine residues at H73 and H93 contribute a salt-bridge to aspartic acid at H55 in CDR2 and a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group at H96 in CDR3, respectively.	Alanine	16-23	CDR3	Homo sapiens	219-223
10381364-4	1999	Substitution of the serines by alanine impeded the access of MAL to GEMs and changed its distribution from a perinuclear distribution to an ER pattern.	Alanine	31-38	mal, T cell differentiation protein	Canis lupus familiaris	61-64
7473721-6	1995	Our results indicate that heavy-chain framework residues alanine at H71 and lysine at H93 of the chimeric B72.3 antibody are the major determinants of the conformation of heavy-chain CDR2/CDR1 and CDR3 loops, whereas the salt-bridge between lysine at H73 and aspartic acid at H55 is less important.	Alanine	57-64	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
10329673-2	1999	Selenocysteine lyase is a pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the exclusive decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and elemental selenium.	Alanine	138-147	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	0-20
15122910-7	2004	Alanine substitutions of the NLS of the mimetic showed that the NLS was required for nuclear translocation and that the nuclear transport properties of the mimetic correlated with its ability to bind IFNGR-1.	Alanine	0-7	interferon gamma receptor 1	Mus musculus	200-207
7473721-6	1995	Our results indicate that heavy-chain framework residues alanine at H71 and lysine at H93 of the chimeric B72.3 antibody are the major determinants of the conformation of heavy-chain CDR2/CDR1 and CDR3 loops, whereas the salt-bridge between lysine at H73 and aspartic acid at H55 is less important.	Alanine	57-64	CDR3	Homo sapiens	197-201
7588631-9	1995	Stabilization of CAK complexes by MAT1 does not involve phosphorylation of Thr176, as the Thr176--&gt;Ala mutant of Xenopus cdk7 could engage as efficiently as wild-type cdk7 in ternary complexes.	Alanine	102-105	cyclin-dependent kinase 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	124-128
10224104-1	1999	In eukaryotes, two isozymes (I and II) of methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyze the removal of the initiator methionine if the penultimate residue has a small radius of gyration (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, proline, valine, and cysteine).	Alanine	193-200	methionine aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-67
14981085-9	2004	Serine 276 was identified as the major functional target of calcineurin in TRESK by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	84-91	potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 18 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	75-80
7669031-5	1995	In view of the potential interaction of the imidazole ring of histamine with a binding site, formed by asparagine207 and lysine200, we mutated lysine200 in the fifth transmembrane domain of the histamine H1 receptor to a non-functional alanine residue.	Alanine	236-243	histamine H1 receptor	Cricetulus griseus	194-215
15038817-3	2004	Alas, our near-total ignorance of what times the aging process makes it hard to guess what genes to tweak, if indeed aging can be mimicked a presto.	Alanine	0-4	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 12	Mus musculus	100-105
7615564-9	1995	Cells also expressed high levels of mutant ADF when Ser3 was deleted or converted to either Ala or Glu.	Alanine	92-95	destrin, actin depolymerizing factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
10224104-1	1999	In eukaryotes, two isozymes (I and II) of methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyze the removal of the initiator methionine if the penultimate residue has a small radius of gyration (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, proline, valine, and cysteine).	Alanine	193-200	methionine aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-74
10224104-5	1999	Mutation of Gln356 (Gln233 in E. coli MetAP) to alanine results in a catalytic efficiency about one-third that of native with normal substrates but which can cleave methionine from substrates with penultimate histidine, asparagine, glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan.	Alanine	48-55	methionine aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-43
14701864-1	2004	C-terminal truncation of ADAMTS-4 from the p68 form to the p53 form is required for activation of its capacity to cleave the Glu(373)-Ala(374) interglobular domain bond of aggrecan.	Alanine	134-137	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	25-33
10212274-7	1999	Transfection of Ser-35 --&gt; Ala K19 showed a filament assembly defect as compared with normal or with Ser-10 --&gt; Ala K19.	Alanine	30-33	keratin 19	Homo sapiens	34-37
14701864-1	2004	C-terminal truncation of ADAMTS-4 from the p68 form to the p53 form is required for activation of its capacity to cleave the Glu(373)-Ala(374) interglobular domain bond of aggrecan.	Alanine	134-137	GATA zinc finger domain containing 2B	Homo sapiens	43-46
10212274-7	1999	Transfection of Ser-35 --&gt; Ala K19 showed a filament assembly defect as compared with normal or with Ser-10 --&gt; Ala K19.	Alanine	30-33	keratin 19	Homo sapiens	122-125
14688266-10	2004	Replacing Arg-1753 of Prp8 by either Lys, Ala, Gln, or Glu resulted in suppression of helicase-defective Prp22 mutants.	Alanine	42-45	U4/U6-U5 snRNP complex subunit PRP8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
10082512-8	1999	In contrast, substitution of S385 and S386 with either Ala or Asp inhibits both DNA binding and transactivation activities of the IRF-3(5D) protein.	Alanine	55-58	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	130-135
7558035-6	1995	Four nucleotide substitutions were identified, two of which were silent mutations in the codons for Ala-216 (GCT--&gt;GCC) and Gly-319 (GGG--&gt;GGA).	Alanine	100-103	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	118-121
7779775-8	1995	The mutant W3A (Trp-3 to Ala) also showed decreased rates of hydrolysis but to a lesser extent than Ile-9 and Phe-5 mutants.	Alanine	25-28	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Bos taurus	16-21
14688266-10	2004	Replacing Arg-1753 of Prp8 by either Lys, Ala, Gln, or Glu resulted in suppression of helicase-defective Prp22 mutants.	Alanine	42-45	DEAH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP22	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	105-110
7539005-9	1995	The conformation of LFA-1 alanine mutants was not significantly altered.	Alanine	26-33	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	20-25
14978160-7	2004	Alanine substitution mutations at four highly conserved residues-L(358), N(359), K(363), and V(366)-in this region greatly abrogated the ability of STAT3 to bind NF-kappaB p65.	Alanine	0-7	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	172-175
10216857-7	1999	Alanine or leucine decreased the affinity of Lrp to repressor sites, while having little or no effect on the binding of Lrp to activator sites.	Alanine	0-7	repressor	Escherichia coli	52-61
14660598-2	2004	We have identified specific serines within the Arm repeat domain that, when mutated to alanine, promote p120ctn association with interphase microtubules, leading to microtubule reorganization and stabilization.	Alanine	87-94	catenin delta 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
10085137-6	1999	Its ability to activate progelatinase A is dependent on its proteolytic activity since a mutation converting Glu to Ala in the zinc binding motif HE255LGH renders MT5-MMP inactive against progelatinase A.	Alanine	116-119	matrix metallopeptidase 24	Mus musculus	163-170
7744785-1	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the charged amino acids of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) was used to identify specific residues that are involved in binding to the human erythrocyte Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) and to the type B interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8RB) on neutrophils.	Alanine	0-7	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	278-284
7744785-2	1995	Receptor binding and biological studies with the alanine scan mutants of MGSA demonstrate that MGSA binds to DARC and the IL-8RB through distinct binding regions.	Alanine	49-56	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	122-128
14970194-6	2004	Moreover, expression of the Ser 85 --&gt; Ala mutant of paxillin (paxS85A) significantly inhibits NGF-induced neurite extension of PC-12 cells, whereas expression of wild-type (wt) paxillin does not influence neurite outgrowth.	Alanine	42-45	paxillin	Rattus norvegicus	56-64
7741698-1	1995	Based upon the observed cleavage of various peptidyl substrates by the recombinant prohormone convertases PC1 and furin, an intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptidyl substrate, (o-aminobenzoyl)-Lys-Glu-Arg-Ser-Lys-Arg-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-Asp-(3-nitro)Ty r-Ala, was synthesized.	Alanine	227-230	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	114-119
7731678-4	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was used as a second probe for sites of Ras interaction with the c-Raf-1 N-terminus.	Alanine	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	94-99
7833484-4	1995	It is a C--&gt;G transition at nucleotide position 676, which leads to an amino acid substitution from proline to alanine in the Rh e-carrying polypeptide.	Alanine	114-121	factor interacting with PAPOLA and CPSF1	Homo sapiens	129-133
7530867-7	1995	That the determinants recognized by S19.8 and 23 were formed by a discontinuous cluster of amino acids within beta 2m was established from experiments demonstrating that H-2Kb heavy chain assembled with a chimeric beta 2m molecule (comprising human beta 2m from 1-69 and mouse beta 2m from amino acid 70-99, including the polymorphic residue Ala 85) did not lead to expression of the S19.8 and 23 epitopes.	Alanine	342-345	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	110-117
7819190-1	1995	The Pf1 gene 5 protein forms a large helical nucleoprotein complex (Mr = 3.1 x 10(7)) with single-stranded viral DNA, from which a 32 amino acid sequence rich in alanine, proline, and glutamine residues can be removed from the C-terminus by limited proteolysis.	Alanine	162-169	PHD finger protein 12	Homo sapiens	4-7
7814426-6	1995	Alanine substitution at position Asp134 or Ser136 in beta 2 produced a complete loss in the capacity of both alpha L beta 2 and alpha M beta 2 to support cell adhesion.	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	53-59
7814426-6	1995	Alanine substitution at position Asp134 or Ser136 in beta 2 produced a complete loss in the capacity of both alpha L beta 2 and alpha M beta 2 to support cell adhesion.	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	117-123
10188794-1	1995	Aspartate 103 (D103) in the third transmembrane domain of the Hm2 receptor was mutated to glutamate (D103E), asparagine (D103N), or alanine (D103A).	Alanine	132-139	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2	Homo sapiens	62-65
7999753-1	1994	The conserved residue Lys-34 in GroES was replaced by alanine and glutamic acid using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	54-61	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
7999753-5	1994	This is reflected by a change in the Hill coefficient (at 10 mM K+) from 4.10 (+/- 0.22) in the presence of wild-type GroES to 5.17 (+/- 0.24) and 4.46 (+/- 0.14) in the presence of the GroES mutants Lys-34--&gt;Ala and Lys-34--&gt;Glu, respectively.	Alanine	212-215	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
7982933-7	1994	A cathepsin S double mutant Gly-133--&gt;Ala/Phe-205--&gt;Glu is characterized by somewhat improved kinetic parameters compared with the Phe-205--&gt;Glu single mutant.	Alanine	41-44	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	2-13
7982933-9	1994	As with cathepsin B, the activities of the Phe-205--&gt;Glu single and the Gly-133--&gt;Ala/Phen-205--&gt;Glu double mutants of cathepsin S toward the dibasic substrate is modulated by an additional ionizable group with a pKa of 5.7.	Alanine	88-91	cathepsin S	Homo sapiens	128-139
7849595-6	1994	Mammalian acetylcholinesterase, Torpedo acetylcholinesterase, and mammalian butyrylcholinesterase can be distinguished by the amino acid Tyr, Phe, or Ala in the 330 position, respectively.	Alanine	150-153	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	10-30
7849595-6	1994	Mammalian acetylcholinesterase, Torpedo acetylcholinesterase, and mammalian butyrylcholinesterase can be distinguished by the amino acid Tyr, Phe, or Ala in the 330 position, respectively.	Alanine	150-153	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	40-60
7521334-6	1994	Furthermore, substitution of a serine to alanine residue in a potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site in a central region of YCF1, which displays sequence similarity to the central regulatory domain of hCFTR, also rendered YCF1 nonfunctional.	Alanine	41-48	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-137
7521334-6	1994	Furthermore, substitution of a serine to alanine residue in a potential protein kinase A phosphorylation site in a central region of YCF1, which displays sequence similarity to the central regulatory domain of hCFTR, also rendered YCF1 nonfunctional.	Alanine	41-48	ATP-binding cassette glutathione S-conjugate transporter YCF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	231-235
8062839-3	1994	The cDNA (GBP1) sequence predicts a protein product (Gbp1p) that includes two domains with extensive homology to RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and a region rich in glycine, alanine and arginine.	Alanine	173-180	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	10-14
8062839-3	1994	The cDNA (GBP1) sequence predicts a protein product (Gbp1p) that includes two domains with extensive homology to RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and a region rich in glycine, alanine and arginine.	Alanine	173-180	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	53-58
8016139-4	1994	One of these variants, a G-to-A transition at nucleotide pair (np) 14459, changed a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) residue 72.	Alanine	105-112	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	128-156
8016139-4	1994	One of these variants, a G-to-A transition at nucleotide pair (np) 14459, changed a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) residue 72.	Alanine	105-112	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	158-161
7923856-1	1994	A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant, PLG M5, is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a codon 601 mis-sense mutation (GCT for Ala to ACT for Thr), designated type-I mutation.	Alanine	149-152	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	37-40
7923856-1	1994	A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant, PLG M5, is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a codon 601 mis-sense mutation (GCT for Ala to ACT for Thr), designated type-I mutation.	Alanine	149-152	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	51-54
7911325-3	1994	Mutants of recombinant progelatinase A, altered such that the proposed active site glutamic acid residue (E375) was replaced by either an aspartic acid (proE375--&gt;D), an alanine (proE375--&gt;A) or a glutamine (proE375--&gt;Q), were purified from medium conditioned by transfected NS0 mouse myeloma cells.	Alanine	173-180	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	23-38
8147927-2	1994	METHODS: TAP2 polymorphic residues at 3 sites, Val/Ile-379, Ala/Thr-565, and Ala/Thr-665, were characterized by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction in 185 RA patients and 48 HLA-DR4 positive healthy controls.	Alanine	77-80	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	9-13
7907864-5	1994	The profile of activities for intact Jurkat cells was Leu &gt; Ala &gt; Lys &gt; Arg, changing in the cytosolic fraction to Lys &gt; or = Arg &gt; Leu = Ala; the profiles for intact HL60 cells and AP-N were identical, namely Ala &gt; Leu &gt; Arg &gt; Lys.	Alanine	63-66	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	197-201
8119294-9	1994	Both Ser2 and Ser3 were identified as the autophosphorylation sites; replacement of one of these with Ala by oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis influenced only the extent of CKII beta autophosphorylation, replacement of both resulted in a loss of autophosphorylation.	Alanine	102-105	casein kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	190-199
8278385-0	1994	Ala--&gt;Gly mutation in the putative catalytic loop confers temperature sensitivity on Ros, insulin receptor, and insulin-like growth factor I receptor protein-tyrosine kinases.	Alanine	0-3	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	93-152
7514011-7	1994	Finally, in these cells, the phosphorylation of the endogenous PKC substrate, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS), was slightly increased during several days, suggesting an involvement of PKC in the bFGF and IGF-I-induced differentiation.	Alanine	92-99	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	125-131
8006953-4	1994	Thus, Mg2+ increased the specificity of the carrier for amino acids such as alanine and glutamine.	Alanine	76-83	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	6-9
8243830-1	1993	We identified a heterozygous missense mutation that substituted aspartic acid (GAC) for alanine (GCC) at codon 1048 of the insulin receptor gene in a patient who displayed typical symptoms of Type A syndrome of insulin resistance.	Alanine	88-95	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	97-100
8243830-1	1993	We identified a heterozygous missense mutation that substituted aspartic acid (GAC) for alanine (GCC) at codon 1048 of the insulin receptor gene in a patient who displayed typical symptoms of Type A syndrome of insulin resistance.	Alanine	88-95	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	123-139
8132234-6	1993	This mode of entry was insensitive to inhibition by MeAIB, and was similar to the ASC (alanine, serine, cysteine) system in other tissues.	Alanine	87-94	steroid sulfatase	Mus musculus	82-85
10051454-4	1999	The PDZ domain of LIMK1 fused with glutathione S-transferase (GST-PDZ), when injected into the nucleus, was rapidly excluded from the nucleus, but its mutant with replacements of conserved hydrophobic residues in two putative NESs by alanines remained in the nucleus.	Alanine	234-242	LIM domain kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
10095772-7	1999	Mutation of one of these residues (T524) to alanine diminished the ability of B-Myb to promote transcription of a reporter gene, suggesting that phosphorylation of B-Myb at this site is important for the regulation of its activity by cyclin A/Cdk2.	Alanine	44-51	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	243-247
10037790-3	1999	The cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin contains two putative basal-lateral sorting motifs, which are homologous to sorting signals in the low density lipoprotein receptor, but an alanine scan across tyrosine residues in these motifs did not affect the fidelity of newly synthesized E-cadherin delivery to the basal-lateral membrane of MDCK cells.	Alanine	177-184	cadherin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	26-36
9925788-8	1999	Accordingly, their replacement by Ala eliminates Vpr dimerization in the two hybrid systems, while mutations of Ile74 and Ile81 have no effect.	Alanine	34-37	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	49-52
9858582-9	1999	In contrast to the lack of a defective phenotype produced by mutations in the alpha2 homeodomain, many of the alanine substitutions of residues in the a1 homeodomain have large effects on a1-alpha2-mediated repression and DNA binding.	Alanine	110-117	homeodomain mating type protein alpha2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	191-197
10447101-2	1999	Replacement of His with Ala resulted in [Ala6]-MT-II with affinity and agonist potency at human MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptors similar to MT-II.	Alanine	24-27	melanocortin 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	96-99
10626334-6	1999	In mycoplasmosis association with joint lesions there is a significant link of joint syndrome with heterogeneous combination threonine/alanine in gene TAP2 position 565 (RR = 4.22, p &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	135-142	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	151-155
9845671-6	1998	The concentration of immunoreactive ET-1 in the media from Val22, Pro25, Pro30, Gly32, and Leu33 mutant PPET-1-transfected cells was 4- to 6-fold lower than that of wild type and (Gly34--&gt;Ala)PPET-1.	Alanine	191-194	endothelin-1	Cricetulus griseus	36-40
9809462-4	1998	The largest familial Alzheimer"s disease (FAD) kindred so far reported belong to a point mutation in codon 280 that results in a glutamic acid-to-alanine substitution in presenilin-1 characterized in Antioquia, Colombia.	Alanine	146-153	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	170-182
9763508-6	1998	Combined alanine substitutions in the NES-A element caused a re-distribution of Upf3p to a subnuclear location identified as the nucleolus and conferred an Nmd- phenotype.	Alanine	9-16	Upf3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-85
9760228-3	1998	In the present study residues 68-86 flanking formylglycine 69 in arylsulfatase A were subjected to an alanine/glycine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	102-109	arylsulfatase A	Homo sapiens	65-80
9794231-7	1998	Alanine substitution of all other potential phosphorylation sites within the Raf-1 activation loop had little or no effect on kinase regulation by Ras[V12] or vSrc although some mutants were less responsive to PMA.	Alanine	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	77-82
9726421-8	1998	The presence of Val and Ala residues in positions 178 and 180, respectively, are characteristic of all the known PLRP1, whereas Ala and Pro residues are always present in the same positions in all the other members of the PL gene family.	Alanine	24-27	pancreatic lipase related protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	113-118
9694900-12	1998	However, 55Fe-binding studies reveal that the ability of SFT to bind and mediate transport of extracellular iron is defective in mutants with Glu --&gt; Ala conversions in this motif.	Alanine	153-156	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D1	Homo sapiens	57-60
9709782-13	1998	A G--&gt;C mutation in AE1 gives rise to a Gly565--&gt;Ala substitution in band 3, thereby accounting for the Wu red cell polymorphism.	Alanine	55-58	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	23-26
9660757-5	1998	Overexpression of Galphaq with PLCbeta3 or PLCbeta (Ser1105--&gt; Ala) mutant in COSM6 cells resulted in a 5-fold increase in [3H]phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation compared with expression of Galphaq, PLCbeta3, or PLCbeta3 (Ser1105 --&gt; Ala mutant alone.	Alanine	256-259	phospholipase C beta 3	Homo sapiens	31-39
9660757-6	1998	Whereas Galpha1-stimulated PLCbeta3, activity was inhibited by 58-71% by overexpression of PKA catalytic subunit, Galphaq-stimulated PLCbeta3 (Ser1105 --&gt; Ala) mutant activity was not affected.	Alanine	158-161	phospholipase C beta 3	Homo sapiens	133-141
9639566-8	1998	Additional results indicate that a zif268 variant containing a (Cys)2(His)(Ala) arrangement in finger 1 is also capable of DNA recognition in a manner identical to the wild-type polypeptide.	Alanine	75-78	Yip1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	95-103
9632653-4	1998	On this basis, the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-TatR49/52/53/55/56/57A mutant, in which six arginine residues within the basic domain of Tat were mutagenized to alanine residues, was compared with GST-Tat for its capacity to bind immobilized heparin.	Alanine	164-171	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	51-54
9622498-2	1998	This protein is a mutant resulting from the dimeric wild-type CoLE1-ROP protein by deletion of 5 amino acids (Asp 30, Ala 31, Asp 32, Glu 33, Gln 34) in the loop of each monomer.	Alanine	118-121	opsin 1, long wave sensitive	Homo sapiens	68-71
9607786-4	1998	This heterogeneity is localized in the amino terminal cluster of phosphoserines, as determined by transfection of HeLa cells with TTF-1 mutants in which serine residues have been replaced by alanines.	Alanine	191-199	transcription termination factor 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
9572854-2	1998	To identify amino acid residues critical for generating the Sak:plasmin activator complex, alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed on phage-displayed micro-plasminogen (microPlg).	Alanine	91-98	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	64-71
9560319-0	1998	Alanine-261 in intracellular loop III of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is crucial for G-protein coupling and receptor internalization.	Alanine	0-7	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	51-90
9560319-3	1998	A specific alanine residue is involved in certain GPCRs, the equivalent of which is Ala-261 in the GnRH receptor.	Alanine	11-18	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	99-112
9560319-3	1998	A specific alanine residue is involved in certain GPCRs, the equivalent of which is Ala-261 in the GnRH receptor.	Alanine	84-87	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	99-112
9545243-5	1998	In the embryo, mutagenesis of this site to the non-phosphorylatable residue Ala resulted in loss of ftz-dependent segments.	Alanine	76-79	fushi tarazu	Drosophila melanogaster	100-103
9516482-3	1998	In the present study, we analyzed the effects of mutating the Glu at position 31 of the c-Ha-Ras protein to Asp, Ala, Arg, and Lys on the interactions with Raf-1 and RalGDS.	Alanine	113-116	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	156-161
9561804-3	1998	AVP induced a biphasic increase in diacylglycerol generation, characterized by an initial rapid rise and then a sustained elevation, and PKC activation, reflected by phosphorylation of a specific 80 kDa myristoylated alanine-rich PKC substrate (MARCKS).	Alanine	217-224	myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	245-251
8227054-8	1993	Substitution of this terminal arginine with alanine, serine, or glutamic acid also produced replication-defective TrfA protein in all four bacterial hosts while not affecting iteron binding activity.	Alanine	44-51	TrfA-like protein	Escherichia coli	114-118
8238476-0	1993	Influence of cloned voltage-gated K+ channel expression on alanine transport, Rb+ uptake, and cell volume.	Alanine	59-66	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Homo sapiens	20-44
14970194-6	2004	Moreover, expression of the Ser 85 --&gt; Ala mutant of paxillin (paxS85A) significantly inhibits NGF-induced neurite extension of PC-12 cells, whereas expression of wild-type (wt) paxillin does not influence neurite outgrowth.	Alanine	42-45	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
7690758-6	1993	A distinct loop configuration of VL-CDR3 appears in models having either a Pro, Gly, or Ala insertion at position 95A.	Alanine	88-91	CDR3	Homo sapiens	36-40
14756555-2	2004	3.7.1.3] is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of l-kynurenine to anthranilic acid and l-alanine.	Alanine	139-148	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	38-41
7901387-3	1993	These experiments suggest that a free hydrazine group is necessary for MAO inhibitors to also have marked effects on GABA and ALA.	Alanine	126-129	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
8356803-0	1993	An immune-selected point mutation in the transmembrane protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HXB2-Env:Ala 582(--&gt;Thr)) decreases viral neutralization by monoclonal antibodies to the CD4-binding site.	Alanine	112-115	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	108-111
9490735-7	1998	Replacement of TF"s cytoplasmic Ser residues with Asp to mimic phosphorylation enhances the interaction with ABP-280, whereas Ala mutations abolish coprecipitation of ABP-280 with immobilized TF cytoplasmic domain, and severely reduce cell spreading.	Alanine	126-129	filamin C	Homo sapiens	167-174
9500916-3	1998	We now report that a single mutation, which replaces a glutamic acid at position 70 in the dimer interface with alanine (E70A), disrupts the pH-dependent dimerization of GART based on dynamic light scattering and gel filtration studies.	Alanine	112-119	phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase	Homo sapiens	170-174
14610091-2	2004	Human MTF-1 contains a cysteine-rich cluster, -632Cys-Gln-Cys-Gln-Cys-Ala-Cys638-, conserved from pufferfish to humans far removed from the MRE-binding zinc finger domain and just C-terminal to a previously mapped serine/threonine-rich transcriptional activation domain.	Alanine	70-73	metal regulatory transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
9499091-3	1998	Translation of RNAs in reticulocyte lysates showed that cleavage at the nsP3/nsP4 site occurred efficiently for all mutants except for Glu-nsP4, which was cleaved inefficiently, and Pro-nsP4, which was not detectably cleaved, and that Tyr, Cys, Leu, Arg, and Phe destabilized nsP4 but Ala, Met, Thr, Asn, Gln, and Glu stabilized nsP4 to various extents.	Alanine	285-288	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	77-81
8344951-9	1993	Multiple interactions 5" and 3" to the dimer were perturbed in complexes containing Phr1(Trp387--&gt;Ala) or Phr1(Lys463--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	126-129	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
8344951-9	1993	Multiple interactions 5" and 3" to the dimer were perturbed in complexes containing Phr1(Trp387--&gt;Ala) or Phr1(Lys463--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	126-129	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-113
8344951-10	1993	In addition the quantum yield for dimer photolysis by Phr1(Trp387--&gt;Ala) was reduced 3-fold.	Alanine	71-74	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
14767880-5	2004	It is now well established that modifying GLP-1 at the N-terminal amino acids, His(7) and Ala(8), can greatly improve resistance to this enzyme.	Alanine	90-93	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	42-47
8332195-5	1993	Raf-GST interacts with wild-type and oncogenic Ras (Val 12) but fails to interact with a biologically inert effector mutant of Ras (Ala 38) and a dominant negative mutant (Asn 17).	Alanine	132-135	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
9488479-2	1998	To identify TCPTP substrates, we have generated substrate-trapping mutants, in which the invariant catalytic acid of TCPTP (D182) is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	144-151	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
9488479-2	1998	To identify TCPTP substrates, we have generated substrate-trapping mutants, in which the invariant catalytic acid of TCPTP (D182) is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	144-151	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
9452427-3	1998	At the -3 position, substitution of Ala for Arg leads to decreases of 99- and 343- fold in Vmax/Km for CaMKIV and CaMKIIalpha, respectively.	Alanine	36-39	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	103-109
9452427-6	1998	Substitution of Arg at the -2 position with non-basic residues (Gln or Ala) leads to 6-fold decreases in Vmax/Km for CaMKIV, but 17-28-fold increases for CaMKIIalpha.	Alanine	71-74	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	117-123
8358293-0	1993	Effects of alanine substitutions in alpha-helices of sperm whale myoglobin on protein stability.	Alanine	11-18	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	65-74
14965274-1	2004	A mutagenesis study to systematically analyse residues spanning the first extracellular loop of the GLP-1 receptor identified a double mutant, Met-204/Tyr-205-Ala/Ala, which displayed: markedly reduced affinity for the natural agonist GLP-1; slightly reduced affinity for its analogue exendin-4; and unaltered affinity for several N-terminally truncated analogues of GLP-1 and exendin-4.	Alanine	159-162	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	100-114
8358293-3	1993	To address this question, we substituted the alpha-helix-stabilizing alanine side chain at 16 selected sites in the sequence of sperm whale myoglobin, 12 at helical sites on the surface of the protein, and 4 at obviously internal sites.	Alanine	69-76	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	140-149
8358293-5	1993	Alanine substitutions do not uniformly stabilize the protein, either in capping positions near the ends of helices or at mid-helical sites near the surface of myoglobin.	Alanine	0-7	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	159-168
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	144-147	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	43-48
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	165-168	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	43-48
9452427-7	1998	Additionally, peptides containing Leu, Asp, or Ala at the +1 position are phosphorylated with similar efficiencies by CaMKIV, whereas the Leu-substituted peptide is preferred by CaMKIIalpha (by a factor of 5.8-9.7-fold).	Alanine	47-50	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	118-124
9486170-2	1998	The fractional abundances of all 13C mass isotopomers of plasma glucose, lactate, and pyruvate and of plasma, hepatic, and very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) alanine, glutamate, and aspartate were measured.	Alanine	184-191	apolipoprotein B	Sus scrofa	152-172
14965274-1	2004	A mutagenesis study to systematically analyse residues spanning the first extracellular loop of the GLP-1 receptor identified a double mutant, Met-204/Tyr-205-Ala/Ala, which displayed: markedly reduced affinity for the natural agonist GLP-1; slightly reduced affinity for its analogue exendin-4; and unaltered affinity for several N-terminally truncated analogues of GLP-1 and exendin-4.	Alanine	159-162	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	100-105
9486170-2	1998	The fractional abundances of all 13C mass isotopomers of plasma glucose, lactate, and pyruvate and of plasma, hepatic, and very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) alanine, glutamate, and aspartate were measured.	Alanine	184-191	apolipoprotein B	Sus scrofa	174-182
8504104-4	1993	In the other, lysine-69, the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP, the cofactor of ODC) binding residue was converted to alanine.	Alanine	112-119	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	53-56
8504104-4	1993	In the other, lysine-69, the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP, the cofactor of ODC) binding residue was converted to alanine.	Alanine	112-119	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
14965274-1	2004	A mutagenesis study to systematically analyse residues spanning the first extracellular loop of the GLP-1 receptor identified a double mutant, Met-204/Tyr-205-Ala/Ala, which displayed: markedly reduced affinity for the natural agonist GLP-1; slightly reduced affinity for its analogue exendin-4; and unaltered affinity for several N-terminally truncated analogues of GLP-1 and exendin-4.	Alanine	159-162	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	235-240
8488475-9	1993	Alanine uptake by BBMVs was also increased with EGF administration (10.2 +/- 2.0 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in EGF vs 4.5 +/- 0.5 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in controls; p &lt; 0.005).	Alanine	0-7	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
14607835-7	2004	To overcome this protective mechanism, we introduced alanine substitutions at four phosphorylation/inactivation sites in 4EBP1 to constitutively activate a 4EBP mu to block eIF4E.	Alanine	53-60	thor	Drosophila melanogaster	121-125
8488475-9	1993	Alanine uptake by BBMVs was also increased with EGF administration (10.2 +/- 2.0 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in EGF vs 4.5 +/- 0.5 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in controls; p &lt; 0.005).	Alanine	0-7	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
8488475-9	1993	Alanine uptake by BBMVs was also increased with EGF administration (10.2 +/- 2.0 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in EGF vs 4.5 +/- 0.5 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in controls; p &lt; 0.005).	Alanine	86-93	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8488475-9	1993	Alanine uptake by BBMVs was also increased with EGF administration (10.2 +/- 2.0 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in EGF vs 4.5 +/- 0.5 pmol alanine/mg protein/10 sec in controls; p &lt; 0.005).	Alanine	139-146	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
9469931-8	1998	The NH2-terminus of rb-DNase I was Ala, not Met, and at position 19, corresponding to the carbohydrate attachment site of bp-DNase I, Asn was not glycosylated.	Alanine	35-38	deoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	23-30
14607835-7	2004	To overcome this protective mechanism, we introduced alanine substitutions at four phosphorylation/inactivation sites in 4EBP1 to constitutively activate a 4EBP mu to block eIF4E.	Alanine	53-60	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	173-178
9422760-8	1998	Alanine scanning of a peptide derived from the COOH-terminal proline-rich domain of PTP HSCF revealed that a subset of prolines, as well as other residues, was required for efficient binding to PST PIP, and introduction of alanines at some of these positions in the protein resulted in decreased binding to PST PIP in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	194-201
8476297-2	1993	However, the removal of the (Glu-Ala)2 peptide from the MF alpha 1 spacer region (Lys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu-Ala) yielded decreased levels of extracellular alpha-amylase.	Alanine	33-36	Mf(Alpha)1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-66
8476297-2	1993	However, the removal of the (Glu-Ala)2 peptide from the MF alpha 1 spacer region (Lys-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu-Ala) yielded decreased levels of extracellular alpha-amylase.	Alanine	94-97	Mf(Alpha)1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-66
14730972-4	2004	To test this hypothesis, alanine was substituted for N226 and N229, which form hydrogen bonds to the DNA backbone 3" of the AP sites in crystal structures of the APE1/DNA complex.	Alanine	25-32	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
8471031-1	1993	Human cystatin C variants in which the evolutionarily conserved Gly-11 residue has been replaced by residues with positively charged (Arg), negatively charged (Glu), bulky hydrophobic (Trp), or small (Ser or Ala) side-chains have been produced by site-directed mutagenesis and expression in Escherichia coli.	Alanine	208-211	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	6-16
10215405-8	1998	The patient was also revealed to be homozygous for a novel missense point mutation D203A, changing codon 203 (GAC) encoding Asp to GCC encoding Ala in the StAR gene.	Alanine	144-147	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	155-159
14685275-8	2004	Alanine substitutions in one domain of CRMP1 produce a constitutively active protein that causes Sema3A-independent COS-7 contraction.	Alanine	0-7	sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A	Mus musculus	97-103
9407092-0	1997	A second determinant of binding to the p75 neurotrophin receptor revealed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a conserved loop in nerve growth factor.	Alanine	77-84	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
9407136-6	1997	By site-directed mutagenesis, the codon for half-cystine 95 in norrin was changed to one encoding alanine.	Alanine	98-105	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Homo sapiens	63-69
8471719-12	1993	The results of simulations of several alanine based 46 residue polypeptides with some of the charged residues present in the Pf1 coat protein sequence suggest that interactions between the Asp 14 and Asp 18 sidechains and the peptide backbone are responsible for the formation of the mobile loop.	Alanine	38-45	PHD finger protein 12	Homo sapiens	125-128
15356744-3	2004	Crystal structures of nine chelated YbL1-amino acid adducts (Gly, Ala, Ser, Thr, Met) confirm this.	Alanine	66-69	DNA polymerase epsilon 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	36-40
1396589-5	1992	Replacement of T160 with alanine abolishes the kinase activity of CDK2, indicating that phosphorylation at this site (as in CDC2) is required for kinase activity.	Alanine	25-32	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
9374501-0	1997	Analysis of the human factor VIII A2 inhibitor epitope by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	58-65	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	22-33
9374501-6	1997	We stably expressed in mammalian cells nine active B-domainless human fVIII molecules containing single alanine substitutions at these sites.	Alanine	104-111	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	70-75
9374501-11	1997	The inhibition of the Tyr487 --&gt; Ala mutant by these antibodies ranged from 10% to 20% that of wild-type fVIII.	Alanine	36-39	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	108-113
14679585-6	2004	In ZIC2 we identified a deletion of one codon that encodes an alanine residue located in the amino terminal alanine stretch of the protein.	Alanine	108-115	Zic family member 2	Homo sapiens	3-7
1406998-5	1992	Using a site-specific bromouracil-mediated photocrosslinking method, we show here that the alanine at position 238 of GCN4 contacts, or is close to, the thymine 5-methyl of A.T at position +3 of the DNA site in the GCN4-DNA complex.	Alanine	91-98	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
14506076-4	2004	The shift in glutamine metabolism from alanine to ammoniagenesis appears within 3 h and is associated after 18 h with both a reduction in assayable alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as well as cellular acidosis.	Alanine	39-46	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	148-172
1406998-5	1992	Using a site-specific bromouracil-mediated photocrosslinking method, we show here that the alanine at position 238 of GCN4 contacts, or is close to, the thymine 5-methyl of A.T at position +3 of the DNA site in the GCN4-DNA complex.	Alanine	91-98	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	215-219
1444312-2	1992	In all of the non-TA-producing mutants, the beta-galactosidase specific activity was higher when the cells were grown in nutrient-limited 0.5CTS medium (0.5% Casitone plus alanine, serine, and glucose) than in rich 2CT medium (2% Casitone).	Alanine	172-179	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	44-62
9415844-0	1997	Hb Siirt [beta 27(B9)Ala-->Gly]: a new, electrophoretically silent, hemoglobin variant.	Alanine	21-26	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-20	Homo sapiens	10-20
14711657-1	2004	This paper describes the use of the alr gene, encoding alanine racemase, as a promoter-screening tool for the identification of conditional promoters in Lactobacillus plantarum.	Alanine	55-62	alanine racemase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	36-39
15217492-5	2004	RESULTS: The odds ratio for MnSOD Ala/Ala versus any MnSOD Val genotypes was not elevated in African Americans (odds ratio = 0.9, 95% confidence interval = 0.7-1.2) or in whites (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.8-1.2).	Alanine	34-37	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
9371904-3	1997	We used a novel polymorphic mutation at -9 position of the signal peptide of the Mn SOD precursor protein, which caused valine to alanine substitution.	Alanine	130-137	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	81-87
1427790-1	1992	A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant designated as PLG M5 is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a feature common to PLG with type-I mutation that has a codon 601 missense mutation in exon 15 (GCT for Ala--&gt;ACT for Thr).	Alanine	225-228	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	37-40
1427790-1	1992	A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant designated as PLG M5 is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a feature common to PLG with type-I mutation that has a codon 601 missense mutation in exon 15 (GCT for Ala--&gt;ACT for Thr).	Alanine	225-228	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	64-67
1427790-1	1992	A functionally inactive plasminogen (PLG) variant designated as PLG M5 is polymorphic in the Japanese population and has a feature common to PLG with type-I mutation that has a codon 601 missense mutation in exon 15 (GCT for Ala--&gt;ACT for Thr).	Alanine	225-228	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	64-67
16108496-12	2004	The sequencing result of rhNDPK-A revealed that its N-terminal residue was Ala, which was the second residue on N-terminal of native NDPK-A.	Alanine	75-78	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
1380066-2	1992	In this report we show that substituting alanines at all but five amino acids in the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide Ac1-11 does not alter its ability to bind A alpha uA beta u (MHC class II molecules), to stimulate specific T cells and, surprisingly, to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in (PL/J x SJL/J)F1 mice.	Alanine	41-49	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	107-110
1380066-2	1992	In this report we show that substituting alanines at all but five amino acids in the myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide Ac1-11 does not alter its ability to bind A alpha uA beta u (MHC class II molecules), to stimulate specific T cells and, surprisingly, to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in (PL/J x SJL/J)F1 mice.	Alanine	41-49	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	120-123
9334262-0	1997	Identification of an active site alanine in mevalonate kinase through characterization of a novel mutation in mevalonate kinase deficiency.	Alanine	33-40	mevalonate kinase	Homo sapiens	44-61
9334262-0	1997	Identification of an active site alanine in mevalonate kinase through characterization of a novel mutation in mevalonate kinase deficiency.	Alanine	33-40	mevalonate kinase	Homo sapiens	110-127
9334262-14	1997	Alanine 334 is invariant in MKase from bacteria to man and located in a glycine-rich region postulated to have homology with ATP-binding sequences.	Alanine	0-7	mevalonate kinase	Homo sapiens	28-33
14500716-4	2003	Modification of the pyrophosphate binding region, involving residues Thr-155, Ala-160, and Leu-263, indicates that this region is involved in determining coenzyme specificity and that selected alterations of these positions produce FNR enzymes that are able to bind NAD+.	Alanine	78-81	ferredoxin reductase	Homo sapiens	232-235
9350057-6	1997	A proline to alanine site-directed mutation in the amino terminal SH3 binding motif (SH3bm I) was sufficient to abrogate absorption of AFAP-110 with GST-SH3STC.	Alanine	13-20	actin filament associated protein 1	Gallus gallus	135-143
1321820-7	1992	To investigate the cysteine residues in pRB"s binding pocket, each residue was mutated to alanine, phenylalanine, or serine.	Alanine	90-97	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
1324420-4	1992	This altered alanine (GCC) to threonine (ACC) in codon 229.	Alanine	13-20	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	22-25
14664713-2	2003	Here, we report two novel Ala(8)-substituted analogues of GLP-1, (Abu(8))GLP-1 and (Val(8))GLP-1 which were completely resistant to inactivation by DPP IV or human plasma.	Alanine	26-29	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	58-63
14664713-2	2003	Here, we report two novel Ala(8)-substituted analogues of GLP-1, (Abu(8))GLP-1 and (Val(8))GLP-1 which were completely resistant to inactivation by DPP IV or human plasma.	Alanine	26-29	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	73-78
1304916-0	1992	Characterization of the structure and properties of the His 62--&gt;Ala and Arg 38--&gt;Ala mutants of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase: an investigation of the catalytic and activatory sites by site-directed mutagenesis and NMR.	Alanine	88-91	phosphoglycerate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	109-132
9380693-5	1997	Either attachment of an epitope tag to the C terminus or replacement of these three serine residues with alanine abolishes TGF-beta-induced Smad3 phosphorylation; these proteins act in a dominant-negative fashion to block the antiproliferative effect of TGF-beta in mink lung epithelial cells.	Alanine	105-112	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	140-145
14664713-2	2003	Here, we report two novel Ala(8)-substituted analogues of GLP-1, (Abu(8))GLP-1 and (Val(8))GLP-1 which were completely resistant to inactivation by DPP IV or human plasma.	Alanine	26-29	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	73-78
12925535-3	2003	We have now employed a combination of alanine-scanning and deletion mutagenesis to identify the critical amino acid residues in Raf-1 necessary for interaction with phosphatidic acid.	Alanine	38-45	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	128-133
9235940-5	1997	Phosphorylation of DNase I oligosaccharides decreased from 12.6% to 2.3% when Lys-50, Lys-124, and Arg-27 were mutated to alanines, indicating that these residues are required for the basal level of phosphorylation.	Alanine	122-130	deoxyribonuclease 1	Bos taurus	19-26
9228053-6	1997	This site, when mutated to alanine, led to promiscuous phosphorylation of Ras2 protein on nearby serine residues.	Alanine	27-34	Ras family GTPase RAS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
1314947-9	1992	A mutant E7 protein (E7-Ala-24) with reduced pRB60-binding activity exhibited a parallel reduction in its blocking of pRB60 binding to DNA.	Alanine	24-27	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
1314947-9	1992	A mutant E7 protein (E7-Ala-24) with reduced pRB60-binding activity exhibited a parallel reduction in its blocking of pRB60 binding to DNA.	Alanine	24-27	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
1924357-4	1991	When the N-terminal residue of nsP4 is changed by mutagenesis, the metabolic stabilities of the mutant nsP4s follow the N-end rule, in that the half-life of nsP4 bearing different N-terminal residues decreases in the order Met greater than Ala greater than Tyr greater than or equal to Phe greater than Agr.	Alanine	240-243	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	31-35
1924357-4	1991	When the N-terminal residue of nsP4 is changed by mutagenesis, the metabolic stabilities of the mutant nsP4s follow the N-end rule, in that the half-life of nsP4 bearing different N-terminal residues decreases in the order Met greater than Ala greater than Tyr greater than or equal to Phe greater than Agr.	Alanine	240-243	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	103-107
1924357-4	1991	When the N-terminal residue of nsP4 is changed by mutagenesis, the metabolic stabilities of the mutant nsP4s follow the N-end rule, in that the half-life of nsP4 bearing different N-terminal residues decreases in the order Met greater than Ala greater than Tyr greater than or equal to Phe greater than Agr.	Alanine	240-243	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	103-107
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	27-30	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	107-111
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	27-30	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	120-124
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	27-30	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	120-124
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	thrombomodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	250-264
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	thrombomodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	266-268
14516195-9	2003	Replacing Pca1 with an alanine residue lowers the catalytic activity of ONC by 20-fold.	Alanine	23-30	prostate cancer associated transcript 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	thrombomodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	294-296
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	thrombomodulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	294-296
1797712-6	1991	Protein sequencing of the latter demonstrates (i) that the correct amino terminus of mature porcine secretogranin II is an Ala residue and not the previously proposed Gln residue and (ii) that this fragment could also arise from proteolytic cleavage at a pair of basic residues located within the secretogranin II sequence.	Alanine	123-126	secretogranin II	Homo sapiens	100-116
12939143-5	2003	In this study, we combined chemical synthetic approaches with alanine substitution to evaluate the structural requirements for interactions with the APJ receptor.	Alanine	62-69	apelin receptor	Homo sapiens	149-161
1856262-1	1991	GH-releasing peptide (GHRP; His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), a hexapeptide derived from enkephalin, has been shown to have GH-releasing activity in man and several animal species.	Alanine	38-41	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	0-20
1856262-1	1991	GH-releasing peptide (GHRP; His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), a hexapeptide derived from enkephalin, has been shown to have GH-releasing activity in man and several animal species.	Alanine	38-41	growth hormone secretagogue receptor	Homo sapiens	22-26
9298595-3	1997	Hepatic pHi decreased from 7.19 +/- 0.01 (n = 10) to 7.01 +/- 0.03 (n = 4) after the addition of 6 mM alanine to Krebs Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) perfusion medium.	Alanine	102-109	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	8-11
12871652-2	2003	This polymorphism leads to an Ala/Thr variation at amino acid position 529 of the alpha4 subunit.	Alanine	30-33	immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	82-88
9210880-3	1997	SSCP analyses followed by direct DNA sequencing showed GCG--&gt;GTG (Ala--&gt;Val) transition mutation in codon 253 of the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminal of the Cx43 gene in 1 of 31 (3%) benign meningiomas and 1 of 14 (7%) anaplastic meningiomas.	Alanine	69-72	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
1906047-3	1991	A single nucleotide substitution in the codon for amino acid 113 of the mature protein (GCC to CCC) was found, resulting in the replacement of alanine by proline.	Alanine	143-150	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	88-91
12805372-3	2003	We have generated novel recessive rad53 alleles with abolished FHA domain functions resulting from Ala substitution of the critical phosphothreonine-binding residues Arg70 and Arg605.	Alanine	99-102	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase RAD53	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-39
2050272-1	1991	In Xenopus oocytes, insulin or IGF-I activated glucose transport and maturation, but not amino acid transport, as measured by the uptake of alanine.	Alanine	140-147	insulin like growth factor 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	31-36
9199328-5	1997	Analysis of an extensive set of individual and combined alanine substitutions over a 61-amino-acid region of VP16 shows that, even within a region as small as 13 amino acids, there are separate residues involved in association with either HCF, DNA, or Oct-1 bound to DNA; indeed, of two immediately adjacent amino acids in VP16, one is important for DNA binding and the other is important for HCF binding.	Alanine	56-63	metalloendopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	252-257
9182523-2	1997	Here, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the PLN transmembrane sequence was used to identify two functional domains on opposite faces of the transmembrane helix.	Alanine	6-13	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	42-45
12893286-6	2003	Ser--&gt;Ala substitution blocked MUC1 cleavage and inhibited shedding.	Alanine	9-12	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	34-38
9148904-1	1997	Alanine scanning mutagenesis has been used to identify specific side chains of insulin which strongly influence binding to the insulin receptor.	Alanine	0-7	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	127-143
9148904-4	1997	In contrast, alanine substitutions at positions GlyB20, ArgB22, and SerA9 resulted in an increase in affinity for the insulin receptor.	Alanine	13-20	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	118-134
9148904-7	1997	Thus, replacing GlyB20 with alanine most likely modifies the structure of the B-chain in this region, but this structural change appears to enhance binding to the insulin receptor.	Alanine	28-35	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	163-179
2246265-7	1990	Among 11 Xaa-Ala-Ser analogues (Xaa = Ala, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, and Ser), MAP cleaved only Met-Ala-Ser.	Alanine	13-16	methionine aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-101
2246265-7	1990	Among 11 Xaa-Ala-Ser analogues (Xaa = Ala, Asp, Gln, Glu, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Pro, and Ser), MAP cleaved only Met-Ala-Ser.	Alanine	38-41	methionine aminopeptidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-101
12855955-5	2003	However, Cdc20 mutants in which any of the four phosphorylation sites were altered to Ala or Val failed to respond to the spindle checkpoint signal, owing to their reduced affinity for the spindle checkpoint proteins.	Alanine	86-89	cell division cycle 20 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	9-14
2122455-7	1990	Cells transfected with the identical vector expressing a variant of eIF-4E, which contains alanine at position 53 and thus cannot be phosphorylated at the major in vivo site, grow normally.	Alanine	91-98	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	68-74
2122455-8	1990	Estimations using the Ala-53 variant or a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in the same vector indicate that the degree of eIF-4E overexpression is 3- to 9-fold more than the endogenous level.	Alanine	22-25	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	147-153
12740388-7	2003	Alanine 72 of Nedd8 is a critical specificity determinant for AppBp1-Uba3 binding because 125I-UbR72L undergoes heterodimer-catalyzed hyperbolic HsUbc12 transthiolation and yields Km = 20 +/- 9 microm and kcat = 0.9 +/- 0.3 s-1.	Alanine	0-7	NEDD8 ubiquitin like modifier	Homo sapiens	14-19
2212950-0	1990	Activation of protein kinase C results in the displacement of its myristoylated, alanine-rich substrate from punctate structures in macrophage filopodia.	Alanine	81-88	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	66-79
9171376-2	1997	Using an in vivo assay a form of ANTP that has alanine substitutions at its CKII target sites has, in addition to wild-type ANTP functions, the ability to alter severely thoracic and abdominal development.	Alanine	47-54	Antennapedia	Drosophila melanogaster	33-37
9250352-6	1997	The examination of the ALDH3 locus of three additional SLS patients showed that two are heterozygous with C-->G at nt 985 (Pro-->Ala at protein position 329).	Alanine	129-132	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family member A1	Homo sapiens	23-28
12740388-7	2003	Alanine 72 of Nedd8 is a critical specificity determinant for AppBp1-Uba3 binding because 125I-UbR72L undergoes heterodimer-catalyzed hyperbolic HsUbc12 transthiolation and yields Km = 20 +/- 9 microm and kcat = 0.9 +/- 0.3 s-1.	Alanine	0-7	ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
1980644-2	1990	GS and GPT catalyze the synthesis of glutamine and alanine, respectively, from amino acids derived in part from the breakdown of muscle proteins.	Alanine	51-58	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	7-10
12727218-3	2003	TK1-2, a recombinant kringle domain composed of t-PA kringles 1 and 2 (Ala(90)-Thr(263)), was produced by both bacterial and yeast expression systems.	Alanine	71-74	thymidine kinase 2	Gallus gallus	0-5
2122883-10	1990	By using site-directed mutagenesis, an altered form of LACI was produced in which the serine-2 residue had been changed to alanine.	Alanine	123-130	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Bos taurus	55-59
9111034-6	1997	To test this possibility, the alanine in GluR1 was converted to a phenylalanine, which extended the subunit specificity from GluR3 to the modified GluR1.	Alanine	30-37	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	125-130
9163534-3	1997	The recombinant mutant CaM-kinase IV in which Thr196 or Thr200 was replaced with nonphosphorylatable alanine showed little activity in the presence and absence of the kinase kinase.	Alanine	101-108	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Homo sapiens	23-36
12604604-8	2003	Alanine scanning of the N-terminal amino acids of RGS2 identified three residues responsible for the inhibitory function of RGS2.	Alanine	0-7	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
2205108-7	1990	In conclusion 1) loss of 3H relative to 14C from position 6 in glucose occurs during lactate formation in extrahepatic tissues possibly due to the GPT reaction (alanine conversion to pyruvate), and 2) even under supraphysiologic hyperinsulinemic conditions not all of plasma lactate originates from plasma glucose.	Alanine	161-168	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	147-150
9130268-4	1997	Since residue 188 within peptide 178-191 is phenylalanine (F) in murine DM20 and alanine (A) in bovine DM20, we tested the effect of this difference on the immune responses and induction of EAE.	Alanine	50-57	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	72-76
12604604-8	2003	Alanine scanning of the N-terminal amino acids of RGS2 identified three residues responsible for the inhibitory function of RGS2.	Alanine	0-7	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	124-128
12706118-5	2003	We have found up-regulated levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) protein in HDF expressing 143(ala) mutant p53 as compared to senescent controls, together with an increase in p21-free cdk2 which, in conjunction with cyclin E, is able to form an active kinase which can phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein.	Alanine	104-107	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	41-66
2142154-7	1990	Activation of the rate of phosphorylation of a synthetic peptide, Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala, was observed on preincubation of the breakthrough fraction from unstimulated cell extracts with either of two distinct EGF-stimulated kinase activities, each of which phosphorylated myelin basic protein.	Alanine	94-97	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	281-301
12815947-0	2003	[Association of the SOD2 Ala(-9)Val and SOD3 Arg213Gly polymorphisms with diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1].	Alanine	25-28	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
2141792-2	1990	beta-Thromboglobulin (beta TG) is an 81-residue peptide which is derived from CTAP-III by cleavage of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys which results in the loss of mitogenic activity.	Alanine	138-141	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-20
2141792-2	1990	beta-Thromboglobulin (beta TG) is an 81-residue peptide which is derived from CTAP-III by cleavage of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys which results in the loss of mitogenic activity.	Alanine	138-141	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	22-29
2141792-2	1990	beta-Thromboglobulin (beta TG) is an 81-residue peptide which is derived from CTAP-III by cleavage of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys which results in the loss of mitogenic activity.	Alanine	138-141	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	78-86
2141792-7	1990	This predicted structural difference appears to be due to the high helix-forming potential of the N-terminal tetrapeptide Asn-Leu-Ala-Lys in CTAP-III.	Alanine	130-133	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	141-149
9079638-3	1997	3ASubE cells expressing 342T or CXCR2 with mutation of Ser-342, -346, -347, and -348 to alanine (4A) exhibit strong mobilization of Ca2+ in response to ligand (interleukin-8 or MGSA/GRO), with a recovery phase significantly slower than that of cells expressing wild type (WT) CXCR2.	Alanine	88-95	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
9079638-5	1997	The 3ASubE cells expressing CXCR2 with mutation of Ser-346, -347, and -348 to alanine, or with mutation of only one serine in this domain, continue to be phosphorylated in response to ligand and are 60-70% desensitized following the initial ligand challenge.	Alanine	78-85	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
9095553-4	1997	Replacement of lysine with alanine at the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) binding site of the ACC deaminase caused a lower content of PLP and loss of detectable activity of ACC deamination.	Alanine	27-34	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	63-66
9095553-4	1997	Replacement of lysine with alanine at the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) binding site of the ACC deaminase caused a lower content of PLP and loss of detectable activity of ACC deamination.	Alanine	27-34	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	128-131
2182911-1	1990	The structural requirements for proteolytic cleavage of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env gene product, gp160, to gp120 and gp41 have been assessed by specific mutagenesis of the sequence Lys Ala Lys Arg Arg Val Val Glu Arg Glu Lys Arg located between amino acids 500 and 511, i.e., at the putative C terminus of gp120.	Alanine	202-205	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	114-119
12706825-2	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis of Tyr(613) (EP24.16) or Tyr(612) (EP24.15) to either Phe or Ala promoted a strong reduction of k(cat)/K(M) for both enzymes.	Alanine	87-90	thimet oligopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
2318861-9	1990	Recombinant uteroglobin was purified to near-homogeneity and its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence was confirmed to be identical to that of its natural counterpart, except for 2 Ala residues the codons for which were added during the plasmid construction.	Alanine	177-180	uteroglobin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	12-23
12672058-6	2003	However, it is likely that other C3aR regions additionally participate in this negative feed-back mechanism since even mutants with multiple Ala substitutions still internalized to a limited degree.	Alanine	141-144	complement C3a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
2318937-5	1990	Polymorphisms in the nucleotide sequences for codons 523 (Ala), 1058 (His), and 1062 (Leu) provided useful markers to differentiate the patient"s two alleles of the insulin receptor gene.	Alanine	58-61	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	165-181
9055072-2	1997	We constructed and examined 20 mutant alleles of GLC7 in which codons encoding clusters of charged residues were changed to alanine codons.	Alanine	124-131	type 1 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase catalytic subunit GLC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
9032336-3	1997	Alanine substitution of 9 of the 10 residues composing the gp41 amphipathic alpha-helix 4-3 hydrophobic repeat sequence was required to inhibit mutant-wild-type hetero-oligomerization and to render the envelope glycoprotein precursor, gp160, monomeric.	Alanine	0-7	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	235-240
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	4-11	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
9123849-4	1997	It was found that the Gly-to-Ala mutation in the BH1 domain of the viral protein abolished its capacity to protect the K562 cells from apoptosis, indicating that this Gly is essential for A179L action.	Alanine	29-32	bcl-2/bax homolog	African swine fever virus	188-193
2117689-1	1990	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth hormone (GH) releasing activity of orally administered His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6, SK&amp;F 110679) in rats, dogs and monkeys.	Alanine	118-121	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	62-64
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	17-20	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-122
33808326-7	2021	Substitution of either of these two residues to alanine or inhibition of ATR/ATM kinase activity abolished nuclear localization of SRPK1 and conferred tolerance to 5-FU treatment.	Alanine	48-55	SRSF protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
12506114-4	2003	The results of the hemocytes-stimulating assays of GBP mutants indicated that Phe-3 is the key residue in this activity: Ala or Tyr replacement resulted in significant loss of the activity, but Leu replacement did not.	Alanine	121-124	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	78-83
26376215-5	2015	The mutation of Thr-406 of TRPV1 to alanine reduced the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeletal elements and decreased the binding of TRPV1 with the motor protein KIF13B, which led to reduced surface distribution of TRPV1.	Alanine	36-43	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
26376215-5	2015	The mutation of Thr-406 of TRPV1 to alanine reduced the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeletal elements and decreased the binding of TRPV1 with the motor protein KIF13B, which led to reduced surface distribution of TRPV1.	Alanine	36-43	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
26376215-5	2015	The mutation of Thr-406 of TRPV1 to alanine reduced the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeletal elements and decreased the binding of TRPV1 with the motor protein KIF13B, which led to reduced surface distribution of TRPV1.	Alanine	36-43	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
26376215-5	2015	The mutation of Thr-406 of TRPV1 to alanine reduced the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeletal elements and decreased the binding of TRPV1 with the motor protein KIF13B, which led to reduced surface distribution of TRPV1.	Alanine	36-43	kinesin family member 13B	Rattus norvegicus	166-172
9298817-1	1997	A single base substitution of a glutamic acid to an alanine codon 280 was found in the presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene on chromosome 14 in affected individuals in each of seven Colombian early-onset Alzheimer"s disease (AD) kindreds.	Alanine	52-59	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	87-99
9298817-1	1997	A single base substitution of a glutamic acid to an alanine codon 280 was found in the presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene on chromosome 14 in affected individuals in each of seven Colombian early-onset Alzheimer"s disease (AD) kindreds.	Alanine	52-59	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
9238644-5	1997	The His-epsilon Ahx-beta Ala-His tetrapeptide also inhibited purified human MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the corresponding enzymes present in conditioned media from human tumour cells.	Alanine	25-28	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
8942635-3	1996	Previously, six ALCAM residues were identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis to contribute to the interaction with CD6.	Alanine	50-57	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	16-21
26376215-5	2015	The mutation of Thr-406 of TRPV1 to alanine reduced the interaction of TRPV1 with the cytoskeletal elements and decreased the binding of TRPV1 with the motor protein KIF13B, which led to reduced surface distribution of TRPV1.	Alanine	36-43	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
12629049-5	2003	Because PKCalpha can phosphorylate the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) motif of DGKzeta, we tested whether this modification could affect their interaction.	Alanine	53-60	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	86-92
8958051-5	1996	This T-helper 1 (Th1) type, GAT (synthetic copolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine and L-tyrosine)-specific clone is characterized by an efficient downregulation of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) with time following antigenic stimulation.	Alanine	73-82	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Mus musculus	28-31
18676862-4	2008	Here, we report that the prototypical NKG2DL MICA is released by proteolytic cleavage in the stalk of the MICA ectodomain, where deletions, but not alanine substitutions, impede MICA shedding.	Alanine	148-155	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	45-49
12629049-5	2003	Because PKCalpha can phosphorylate the myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) motif of DGKzeta, we tested whether this modification could affect their interaction.	Alanine	53-60	diacylglycerol kinase zeta	Homo sapiens	103-110
8824245-3	1996	In the present study we show that alanine substitution for residues Thr268 and Asp269 of the CNTFRalpha subunit results in a mutated receptor subunit (R3), which can bind CNTF with an affinity similar to that of the wild type CNTFRalpha but, when expressed as a soluble receptor subunit, lowers the binding of CNTF to its tripartite receptor.	Alanine	34-41	ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor	Homo sapiens	93-103
8824245-3	1996	In the present study we show that alanine substitution for residues Thr268 and Asp269 of the CNTFRalpha subunit results in a mutated receptor subunit (R3), which can bind CNTF with an affinity similar to that of the wild type CNTFRalpha but, when expressed as a soluble receptor subunit, lowers the binding of CNTF to its tripartite receptor.	Alanine	34-41	ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor	Homo sapiens	226-236
12522143-8	2003	Competition studies using synthetic peptides suggested that LRP binding involves the FVIII-specific region Lys(1804)-Ala(1834) in the A3 domain.	Alanine	117-120	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	85-90
34535564-3	2021	Site-directed mutagenesis identified amino acid alanine at position 120 to be responsible for loss of activity for mouse, rat, and canine S1P5 and mutation back to threonine as in human/monkey S1P5 restored activity.	Alanine	48-55	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Mus musculus	138-142
12482850-3	2003	Proteolysis of pro-Crp4 with MMP-7 activated in vitro bactericidal activity to the level of the mature Crp4 peptide by cleaving pro-Crp4 at Ser(43) downward arrow Ile(44) and Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) in the proregion and near the Crp4 peptide NH(2) terminus between Ser(58) downward arrow Leu(59).	Alanine	175-178	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	19-23
34731635-5	2021	Point mutation of serine-to-alanine residues reduces beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitylation and enhances the ability of Tfcp2l1 to promote mESC self-renewal while repressing the speciation of the endoderm, mesoderm, and trophectoderm.	Alanine	28-35	beta-transducin repeat containing protein	Mus musculus	53-62
34731635-5	2021	Point mutation of serine-to-alanine residues reduces beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitylation and enhances the ability of Tfcp2l1 to promote mESC self-renewal while repressing the speciation of the endoderm, mesoderm, and trophectoderm.	Alanine	28-35	transcription factor CP2-like 1	Mus musculus	115-122
8794295-3	1996	We have systematically substituted the positively charged residues of the NC domain of Pr55Gag in an HIV-1 viral clone by using alanine scanning mutagenesis and have assayed the effects of these mutations on virus replication, particle formation, and RNA packaging in vivo.	Alanine	128-135	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	87-94
12482850-3	2003	Proteolysis of pro-Crp4 with MMP-7 activated in vitro bactericidal activity to the level of the mature Crp4 peptide by cleaving pro-Crp4 at Ser(43) downward arrow Ile(44) and Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) in the proregion and near the Crp4 peptide NH(2) terminus between Ser(58) downward arrow Leu(59).	Alanine	175-178	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	103-107
12482850-3	2003	Proteolysis of pro-Crp4 with MMP-7 activated in vitro bactericidal activity to the level of the mature Crp4 peptide by cleaving pro-Crp4 at Ser(43) downward arrow Ile(44) and Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) in the proregion and near the Crp4 peptide NH(2) terminus between Ser(58) downward arrow Leu(59).	Alanine	175-178	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	103-107
8774702-3	1996	Among the amino acid residues conserved among various eIF-4E species, each of 14 functional residues was replaced with a nonpolar amino acid (alanine or leucine).	Alanine	142-149	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	54-60
34618235-5	2021	Peptide segments covering the key binding regions of RALT EBR domain were identified with computational alanine scanning, which were then optimized to obtain a number of designed peptide mutants with improved selectivity between different top-ranked RTKs.	Alanine	104-111	ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
12482850-3	2003	Proteolysis of pro-Crp4 with MMP-7 activated in vitro bactericidal activity to the level of the mature Crp4 peptide by cleaving pro-Crp4 at Ser(43) downward arrow Ile(44) and Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) in the proregion and near the Crp4 peptide NH(2) terminus between Ser(58) downward arrow Leu(59).	Alanine	175-178	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	103-107
12482850-6	2003	C57BL/6 mice contain an abundant (L59S)-Crp4 mutant peptide with Leu(54) at its NH(2) terminus resulting from Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) cleavage and loss-of-function at the Ser(58) downward arrow Ser(59) cleavage site.	Alanine	110-113	defensin, alpha, 4	Mus musculus	40-44
34303878-10	2021	Metabolomics and metabolite tracing studies revealed that insulin-mTORC1-ATF4 signaling stimulates pathways of non-essential amino acid synthesis in primary hepatocytes, including those of alanine, aspartate, methionine, and cysteine, but not serine.	Alanine	189-196	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	66-72
8626025-6	1996	Alanine substitution at S388, N-terminal truncation, or targeted membrane association permits transmission of the Torso signal by D-raf, but these D-raf molecules differ in their rescuing potential and relative biological activity.	Alanine	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	132-135
12618592-1	2003	A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and has been reported to modulate the risk of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and severe alcoholic liver disease.	Alanine	40-47	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	125-155
8626025-6	1996	Alanine substitution at S388, N-terminal truncation, or targeted membrane association permits transmission of the Torso signal by D-raf, but these D-raf molecules differ in their rescuing potential and relative biological activity.	Alanine	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	149-152
12618592-1	2003	A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and has been reported to modulate the risk of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and severe alcoholic liver disease.	Alanine	40-47	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
34519342-5	2022	We performed metabolomics across postnatal development in Gpt2-null mouse brain to identify the trajectory of dysregulated metabolic pathways: alterations in alanine occur earliest; followed by reduced TCA cycle intermediates and reduced pyruvate; followed by elevations in glycolytic intermediates and amino acids.	Alanine	158-165	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	58-62
34519342-7	2022	Alanine biosynthesis is profoundly impeded in Gpt2-null neurons.	Alanine	0-7	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	46-50
12618592-1	2003	A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and has been reported to modulate the risk of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and severe alcoholic liver disease.	Alanine	49-52	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	125-155
34519342-8	2022	Exogenous alanine is necessary for Gpt2-null neuronal survival in vitro, but is not needed for Gpt2-null astrocytes.	Alanine	10-17	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	35-39
8718673-8	1996	In contrast, apparently normal disassembly takes place in cells transfected with cDNA containing mutated p37 kinase phosphorylation sites (thr457:ala/ser458:ala).	Alanine	146-149	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	105-108
8718673-8	1996	In contrast, apparently normal disassembly takes place in cells transfected with cDNA containing mutated p37 kinase phosphorylation sites (thr457:ala/ser458:ala).	Alanine	157-160	nucleoporin 37	Homo sapiens	105-108
12618592-1	2003	A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and has been reported to modulate the risk of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and severe alcoholic liver disease.	Alanine	49-52	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
12683635-9	2003	In Mn-SOD mRNA, Val at -9 position was varied to Ala in lymphocytes from two donors and three OSC cell lines, respectively.	Alanine	49-52	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	3-9
8620001-5	1996	PC5, but not PACE4, cleaved RPTPmu, and RPTPmu cleavage was absent in COS cells transfected with an expression plasmid encoding a mutant PC5 whose active-site serine had been mutated to alanine.	Alanine	186-193	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	0-3
8620001-5	1996	PC5, but not PACE4, cleaved RPTPmu, and RPTPmu cleavage was absent in COS cells transfected with an expression plasmid encoding a mutant PC5 whose active-site serine had been mutated to alanine.	Alanine	186-193	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	137-140
8626427-10	1996	In addition, when combined with a recently described constitutively active alpha1a-AR mutation (Met292--&gt;Leu), only the Ser188--&gt;Ala mutation and not Ser192--&gt;Ala relieved the high affinity binding and increased agonist potency observed with the Met292--&gt;Leu mutation.	Alanine	135-138	adrenoceptor alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	75-85
34803446-10	2021	In silico Alanine scanning analysis revealed that Tyr297, Trp301, and Tyr353 amino acids of NRP1 are critical for drug binding.	Alanine	10-17	neuropilin 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	40-58
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	Alanine	136-143	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34421848-2	2021	Here we show that in the presence of GABA, Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces glutamate and alanine through the irreversible action of Uga1 transaminase.	Alanine	91-98	4-aminobutyrate transaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
34421848-3	2021	Alanine induces expression of alanine transaminase (ALT1) gene.	Alanine	0-7	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
34421848-4	2021	In an alt1Delta mutant grown on GABA, alanine accumulation leads to repression of the GAD1, UGA1, and UGA2 genes, involved in the GABA shunt, which could result in growth impairment.	Alanine	38-45	4-aminobutyrate transaminase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	92-96
34421848-4	2021	In an alt1Delta mutant grown on GABA, alanine accumulation leads to repression of the GAD1, UGA1, and UGA2 genes, involved in the GABA shunt, which could result in growth impairment.	Alanine	38-45	succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)(+))	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
34421848-5	2021	Induced ALT1 expression and negative modulation of the GABA shunt by alanine constitute a novel regulatory circuit controlling both alanine biosynthesis and catabolism.	Alanine	132-139	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	8-12
34421848-8	2021	Additionally, an alt1Delta mutant shows an unexpected alanine-independent phenotype, displaying null expression of mitochondrial COX2, COX3, and ATP6 genes and a notable decrease in mitochondrial/nuclear DNA ratio, as compared to a wild-type strain, which results in a petite phenotype.	Alanine	54-61	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	145-149
34421848-9	2021	Our results uncover a new negative role of alanine in stress defense, repressing the transcription of the GABA shunt genes, and support a novel Alt1 moonlighting function related to the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA integrity and mitochondrial gene expression.	Alanine	43-50	alanine transaminase ALT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	144-148
8700893-1	1996	F52 is a myristoylated, alanine-rich substrate for protein kinase C. We have generated F52-deficient mice by the gene targeting technique.	Alanine	24-31	MARCKS-like 1	Mus musculus	0-3
12524418-1	2003	During a search for causative genes in patients with concurrent multiple primary colon tumours, we found a novel case with a germline mutation of the p53 gene, from GCC (Ala) to GTC (Val) at codon 189.	Alanine	170-173	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	165-168
34233346-4	2021	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis5, we determined the binding of VITT anti-PF4 antibodies (n=5) was restricted to 8 surface amino acids, all of which were located within the heparin binding site on PF4, and the binding was inhibited by heparin.	Alanine	6-13	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
34233346-4	2021	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis5, we determined the binding of VITT anti-PF4 antibodies (n=5) was restricted to 8 surface amino acids, all of which were located within the heparin binding site on PF4, and the binding was inhibited by heparin.	Alanine	6-13	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	199-202
8605870-8	1996	CHO cells expressing a mutant SREBP-2 with an Asp--&gt; Ala mutation at the CPP32 cleavage site showed sterol-regulated cleavage but no apoptosis-induced cleavage.	Alanine	56-59	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2	Cricetulus griseus	30-37
12578541-4	2003	DB1 cells produced 38 kDa CTGF and low molecular mass CTGFs that had N-termini between modules 2 and 3 at Ala(181) (20 kDa), Leu(184) (18 kDa) or Ala(197) (16 kDa) or between modules 3 and 4 at Gly(253) (10 kDa).	Alanine	106-109	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
8622678-2	1996	This ND6 np 14459 mutation changes a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at amino acid position 72 of the ND6 protein.	Alanine	58-65	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	5-8
8622678-2	1996	This ND6 np 14459 mutation changes a moderately conserved alanine to a valine at amino acid position 72 of the ND6 protein.	Alanine	58-65	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	111-114
34326200-3	2021	We have recently reported that substitution of both E112 and M113 by alanine inhibits intracellular and CD40-induced membrane cleavage of CD154 and procures to CD154 an increased biological function as compared with cleavable CD154.	Alanine	69-76	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	104-108
12578541-4	2003	DB1 cells produced 38 kDa CTGF and low molecular mass CTGFs that had N-termini between modules 2 and 3 at Ala(181) (20 kDa), Leu(184) (18 kDa) or Ala(197) (16 kDa) or between modules 3 and 4 at Gly(253) (10 kDa).	Alanine	146-149	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
34214538-8	2021	We hypothesized that mutating the hydrophobic residues (F28, F32, and F40) of SBP1 which do not directly interact with the spike protein to alanine would reduce peptide oligomerization without affecting its spike binding affinity.	Alanine	140-147	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
8551618-6	1996	However, sequence requirements for the P protein C-terminal end were not absolute, and mutants with the substitution Ser-237--&gt;Ala or Ser-237--&gt;Thr were as efficient as the wild type in interacting with N. In addition, P and N proteins from strains of different HRSV antigenic groups, with sequence differences in the P protein C-terminal end, were able to coimmunoprecipitate and formed cytoplasmic inclusions.	Alanine	130-133	OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein	Homo sapiens	39-48
12433926-3	2003	We report here that alanine mutations at a subsite in rat beta-MPP interacting with the P(2) arginine cause a shift in the processing site to the C-terminal side of the preprotein.	Alanine	20-27	peptidase, mitochondrial processing subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
34153319-6	2021	Disruption of betaIV-spectrin/CaMKII interaction or alanine substitution of betaIV-spectrin Ser2250 (betaIV-S2250A) prevented CaMKII-induced degradation, while a phospho-mimetic construct (betaIV-S2254E) showed accelerated degradation in the absence of CaMKII.	Alanine	52-59	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	126-132
34132301-6	2021	Furthermore, alanine scanning analysis results validated some key residues of the spike RBD interact with ACE2 and provided clues to the variation of amino acid that could influence the transmissibility or immune responses of SARS-CoV-2.	Alanine	13-20	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	82-87
12504082-5	2003	The gamma(c) residues involved in IL-21 binding were defined by alanine-scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	64-71	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	4-12
34132301-6	2021	Furthermore, alanine scanning analysis results validated some key residues of the spike RBD interact with ACE2 and provided clues to the variation of amino acid that could influence the transmissibility or immune responses of SARS-CoV-2.	Alanine	13-20	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
8600640-2	1996	Since beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) is noncovalently associated with class I antigens on the cell membrane we investigated whether the single amino acid polymorphism at position 85 (Asp--&gt;Ala) in the mouse beta 2m molecule can cause skin graft rejection.	Alanine	192-195	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	28-35
8805225-5	1996	The amino-acid residues of p16 important for its interaction with cdk4 and cdk6 and for the inhibition of pRb phosphorylation were defined by an alanine substitution series of peptides.	Alanine	145-152	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
12624725-1	2003	We evaluated the relationship of an alanine or valine polymorphism at amino acid sequence 16 [Val(16)Ala] of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.	Alanine	36-43	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	109-139
8827569-4	1996	EGF treatment stimulated 14C-aminoisobutyric acid, isoleucine and alanine uptake by placental explants as did treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin, which have been reported to stimulate the active amino acid transport.	Alanine	66-73	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
35605015-2	2022	We studied the in vivo process by which PDFR signaling turns off, by converting as many as half of the 28 potential sites of phosphorylation in its C terminal tail to a non-phosphorylatable residue (alanine).	Alanine	199-206	Pigment-dispersing factor receptor	Drosophila melanogaster	40-44
35554539-6	2022	A triple alanine substitution of LIN-52"s LxCxE motif severed LIN-35-MuvB association and caused classical DREAM mutant phenotypes, including synthetic multiple vulvae, high-temperature arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma.	Alanine	9-16	potassium voltage-gated channel interacting protein 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
12624725-1	2003	We evaluated the relationship of an alanine or valine polymorphism at amino acid sequence 16 [Val(16)Ala] of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.	Alanine	36-43	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	141-147
8844764-1	1996	The peptide, Phe-Gly Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln-OH, recently isolated from rat brain, has been suggested to be an endogenous agonist for an orphan, opioid-like receptor (ORL1).	Alanine	33-36	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
12477867-1	2003	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed on monomeric gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to systematically identify residues important for gp120 recognition by neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs).	Alanine	0-7	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	56-61
7479902-2	1995	A series of single alanine substitutions was introduced into a stretch of residues in the C-terminal region, including helix D, which previously had been implicated in receptor alpha chain recognition and which is aligned on the IL-5 surface so as to allow the topography of receptor binding residues to be examined.	Alanine	19-26	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	229-233
35471651-0	2022	T- and pH-dependent OH radical reaction kinetics with glycine, alanine, serine, and threonine in the aqueous phase.	Alanine	63-70	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	7-9
12477867-1	2003	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed on monomeric gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to systematically identify residues important for gp120 recognition by neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs).	Alanine	0-7	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	151-156
12447859-2	2002	Recently, it has been reported that homozygosity for a valine to alanine substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) represents a risk factor for severe ALD.	Alanine	65-72	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	129-159
7592955-6	1995	Nodulin 26 with Ser- or Ala-262 occupied the maximal open conductance state greater than 97% of the time (3.1 nS in cis0.2M/trans1.0 M KCl) regardless of applied voltage.	Alanine	24-27	nodulin-26	Glycine max	0-10
12447859-2	2002	Recently, it has been reported that homozygosity for a valine to alanine substitution in the mitochondrial targeting sequence of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) represents a risk factor for severe ALD.	Alanine	65-72	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	161-167
12447859-4	2002	Genotyping for the valine-alanine (Val-Ala) polymorphism of the Mn-SOD gene in 281 patients with advanced ALD (cirrhosis/fibrosis) and 218 drinkers without liver disease showed no differences in either the heterozygote (55% vs. 50%) or the homozygote (19% vs. 23%) frequency for the alanine allele.	Alanine	26-33	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
11854844-2	1995	NF-IL6 contains, at its N-terminus, an alanine- and proline-rich transactivation domain, followed at the C-terminus by a basic domain-leucine zipper (bZIP) DNA-binding motif.	Alanine	39-46	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	0-6
12427030-2	2002	Alanine substitution of residues in the 262-270 region of Ste2p did not affect pheromone binding or signal transduction, except for the Y266A mutant, which did not transduce signal yet exhibited only a small decrease in alpha-factor binding affinity.	Alanine	0-7	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
7624134-8	1995	Mutation of serine 315 of p53 to alanine (p53-S315A) abolished phosphorylation by cdk2 kinase.	Alanine	33-40	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
7797561-11	1995	Functional dissection of nkx-2.5 revealed a COOH-terminal inhibitory domain composed mainly of clusters of alanines and prolines, which appeared to mask a potent activation domain composed of hydrophobic and highly charged amino acids.	Alanine	107-115	NK2 homeobox 5	Mus musculus	25-32
12427030-8	2002	In comparison to WT Ste2p, the mutantY266A receptor showed increased binding affinity for N-terminal, alanine-substituted alpha-factor analogues (residues 1-4) and the antagonist [desW(1),desH(2)]alpha-factor.	Alanine	102-109	alpha-factor pheromone receptor STE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-25
7797578-2	1995	In order to identify which charged residues of human IL-5 are important in binding to its receptor and subsequent cellular activation, we have systematically replaced all of the clusters of charged amino acids with alanine residues.	Alanine	215-222	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	53-57
7784076-2	1995	To investigate the molecular basis of the interaction between these proteins and the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), we performed a systematic mutagenesis of the CKI family member p21Cip1 using the alanine-scanning strategy.	Alanine	199-206	cyclin dependent kinase 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
12196551-8	2002	Only one important binding site residue Glu-95 of the heavy chain CDR3 is mutated to alanine in the 77 Fab fragment.	Alanine	85-92	CDR3	Homo sapiens	66-70
12189142-8	2002	In this study, systematic deletion analysis and Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis showed that SHD1 of Slac2-a/melanophilin alone is both necessary and sufficient for high affinity specific recognition of the GTP-bound form of Rab27A.	Alanine	48-51	SAC3 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
12297313-4	2002	Treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD98059 or substitution of a serine for an alanine at a potential mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation site (S274) in NeuroD1 significantly increased the cytoplasmic level at 20 mM glucose.	Alanine	76-83	neurogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	163-170
7538818-7	1995	Mutant receptors containing Pro-to-Ala substitutions that inactivated the receptor for mitogenic activity also inactivated the receptor for tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of p75.	Alanine	35-38	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	177-180
12110674-9	2002	We did alanine-scanning mutagenesis and found that the ER motif regions of Esa1 or Rpd3 are required for HAT activity of Esa1 or HDAC activity of Rpd3, respectively.	Alanine	7-14	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	83-87
7774880-4	1995	Arginine (R) at position 46 and alanine (A) at position 54 were shown to be an agretopic motif bound to I-Ag7 molecules.	Alanine	32-39	I-ag7	Mus musculus	104-109
7835719-3	1995	The sequence has transactivation-like motifs, an unusual Cys-Ser-Ala-rich motif and displays sequence similarity at the extreme C-terminal end with another Tis11 family member, ERF-1.	Alanine	65-68	ZFP36 ring finger protein	Homo sapiens	156-161
12110674-9	2002	We did alanine-scanning mutagenesis and found that the ER motif regions of Esa1 or Rpd3 are required for HAT activity of Esa1 or HDAC activity of Rpd3, respectively.	Alanine	7-14	histone deacetylase 3	Homo sapiens	146-150
7822295-4	1995	In this study the role of the His440 residue was explored through site-directed mutagenesis which resulted in the production of ETA proteins containing Ala, Asn, and Phe substitutions at the 440 position.	Alanine	152-155	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	128-131
12130650-1	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of transmembrane segments IS6 and IIS6 of the rat brain Na(v)1.2 channel alpha subunit identified mutations N418A in IS6 and L975A in IIS6 as causing strong positive shifts in the voltage dependence of activation.	Alanine	0-7	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
7746155-4	1995	TIP1, TIR1 and TIR2 are rich in both serine and alanine residues and each contains serine-rich tandem repeats.	Alanine	48-55	GPI-anchored mannoprotein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-10
12127599-2	2002	The manganese-containing form of this enzyme (MnSOD) is the major superoxide scavenger in mitochondria; a weak association between a functional genetic polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of this enzyme and TD has been reported in a Japanese population.	Alanine	166-169	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
7947700-5	1994	While the replacement of a proline residue found in all kappa-neurotoxins with an alanine (P-42-A) has relatively little effect, the introduction of a lysine, which is found in 90% of active alpha-neurotoxins at the same position (P-42-K), eliminates muscle receptor affinity at the concentrations tested.	Alanine	82-89	proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 6	Mus musculus	91-97
7947956-0	1994	Stabilized NMR structure of the hypercalcemia of malignancy peptide PTHrP[Ala-26](1-34)amide.	Alanine	74-77	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	68-73
7947956-1	1994	The structure of the biologically active mutant PTHrP[Ala-26](1-34)amide in 10% trifluoroethanol was studied by two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy.	Alanine	54-57	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	48-53
12138184-9	2002	Mutation of these residues from serine to alanine dramatically decreased phosphorylation and resulted in a substantial loss of IRF-5 transactivation in infected cells.	Alanine	42-49	interferon regulatory factor 5	Homo sapiens	127-132
7826946-1	1994	Single alanine substitutions were introduced into the CDR1 region of the beta chain of a Kd-restricted TCR.	Alanine	7-14	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
11994281-5	2002	Information transfer by agonist was controlled in residue 356 Galpha(11) mutants with rank order Tyr &gt; Phe &gt; Trp &gt; Ile &gt; Ala = Gln = Arg &gt; Ser &gt; Asp, although these alterations did not alter the binding affinity of either phenylephrine or an antagonist ligand.	Alanine	133-136	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 11	Mus musculus	62-72
9383367-5	1994	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis showed that the binding site on hGH for the Asn218--&gt;His hGH receptor in the presence of Zn2+ resembled that for the hPRL receptor.	Alanine	0-7	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	149-162
12234674-5	2002	FOXD4a and FOXD4b are encoded by a 1319 and 1250 bp single exon coding for a winged helix DNA binding domain, an amino-terminal acidic region and a carboxy-terminal proline- and alanine-rich region which correspond to putative transcriptional regulatory motifs.	Alanine	178-185	forkhead box D4	Homo sapiens	0-6
7833805-0	1994	Stabilization of myoglobin by multiple alanine substitutions in helical positions.	Alanine	39-46	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	17-26
7833805-1	1994	We have carried out a series of multiple Xaa--&gt;Ala changes at nonadjacent surface positions in the sequence of sperm whale myoglobin.	Alanine	50-53	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	126-135
12101128-4	2002	Using mutant AtSERK1 proteins in which Thr 462, Thr 463, and Thr 468 in the A-loop of the AtSERK1 kinase domain were replaced by alanines, we show that phosphorylation status of the receptor is involved in interaction with KAPP.	Alanine	129-137	somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-20
8043858-2	1994	Further studies showed that the mutation Glu20--&gt;Ala which eliminated a gamma-carboxylation site was exclusively responsible for the anticoagulant defect of activated protein C (APC).	Alanine	52-55	APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway	Homo sapiens	181-184
11959859-4	2002	Both mPAT1 and mPAT2 induced a pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for small amino acids (glycine, alanine, and proline) that is altered by membrane potential.	Alanine	108-115	solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 2	Mus musculus	15-20
7519625-5	1994	Mutation of the unique double leucines 489 and 490 in the rat GLUT4 COOH-terminal domain to alanines caused the HA-tagged chimera to revert to the slow endocytosis rate and steady-state cell surface display characteristic of GLUT1.	Alanine	92-100	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-230
12059215-5	2002	Carboxylate-functionalized E2 analogues can activate ER alpha(Glu353--&gt;Ala) and ER beta(Glu305--&gt;Ala) with very large selectivites, demonstrating that this design strategy is extendable to other members of the steroid hormone receptor family.	Alanine	103-106	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	83-90
8034623-3	1994	The Azotobacter vinelandii nifS gene product (NifS), which is required for full activation of the nitrogenase component proteins, is a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme and is able to catalyze the desulfurization of L-cysteine to yield sulfur and L-alanine (Zheng, L., White, R. H., Cash, V.L., Jack, R.F., and Dean, D.R.	Alanine	240-249	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	27-31
8034623-3	1994	The Azotobacter vinelandii nifS gene product (NifS), which is required for full activation of the nitrogenase component proteins, is a pyridoxal phosphate enzyme and is able to catalyze the desulfurization of L-cysteine to yield sulfur and L-alanine (Zheng, L., White, R. H., Cash, V.L., Jack, R.F., and Dean, D.R.	Alanine	240-249	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	46-50
8034665-4	1994	A mutant form of MEK-1 that replaces these two codons with alanine cannot be activated, and one that substitutes glutamic acid residues in place of these 2 serines is active independent of activation by phosphorylation.	Alanine	59-66	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
11877417-8	2002	The sequence motifs for TPR1 and TPR2A binding were defined by alanine scanning of the C-terminal octapeptides of Hsp70 and Hsp90 and by screening of combinatorial peptide libraries.	Alanine	63-70	tetratricopeptide repeat domain 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
11886864-9	2002	Alanine mutations at conserved residues within motifs I ((119)GSGKT(123)), II ((215)DEAH(218)) and VI ((423)QRAGRAGR(430)) that diminished ATPase activity in vitro were lethal in vivo, indicating that ATP hydrolysis is necessary for the biological function of Prp43.	Alanine	0-7	DEAH-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase PRP43	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	260-265
9098429-5	1994	The authors also identified an individual with a previously undescribed TAP2 allele, TAP2H (isoleucine at amino acid [aa] 379, alanine at aa 565, alanine at aa 665).	Alanine	127-134	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	72-76
9098429-5	1994	The authors also identified an individual with a previously undescribed TAP2 allele, TAP2H (isoleucine at amino acid [aa] 379, alanine at aa 565, alanine at aa 665).	Alanine	146-153	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	72-76
11980498-4	2002	The values of the Hill coefficients corresponding to the fast and slow observed rate constants of dissociation of wild-type GroEL and the Arg197--&gt;Ala mutant are in good agreement with the respective values of the Hill coefficients previously determined for these proteins from plots of initial rates of ATP hydrolysis as a function of ATP concentration, in the presence of GroES.	Alanine	150-153	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	377-382
7926636-3	1994	This amino acid sequence contains two substitutions (Arg1--&gt;Ala and Ser6--&gt;Thr) compared with mammalian bradykinin.	Alanine	63-66	arginase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
11981042-6	2002	Site-directed mutagenesis of nine nonconserved residues in the C-terminal domain of extracellular loop 2 of the human GnRH receptor showed that a minimum of two mutations (Val(5.24(197))Ala and Trp(5.32(205))His) is needed in this region for agonist activity of antagonist 135-18.	Alanine	186-189	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	118-131
8131746-4	1994	In human MEK1, substitution of either serine residue 218 or 222 with alanine completely abolished its activation by epidermal growth factor-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cell lysates or immunoprecipitated c-raf, suggesting that both serine residues are required for MEK1 activation.	Alanine	69-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Mus musculus	257-261
8120094-10	1994	A mutant pIgR in which serines 664 and 726, the major sites of phosphorylation, are replaced by alanine is stimulated to transcytose by PMA, suggesting that phosphorylation of pIgR at these sites is not required for the effect of PMA.	Alanine	96-103	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	9-13
8120094-10	1994	A mutant pIgR in which serines 664 and 726, the major sites of phosphorylation, are replaced by alanine is stimulated to transcytose by PMA, suggesting that phosphorylation of pIgR at these sites is not required for the effect of PMA.	Alanine	96-103	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	176-180
35134686-3	2022	The APN in our experiment was used to hydrolyze the alanine moiety of the Ala-AFC probe and, as a result of this hydrolysis, realize concomitantly a cascade reaction to unmask the electrochemical reporter N-alkylated amino ferrocene (AAF).	Alanine	52-59	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	4-7
11907156-9	2002	However, the affinity was decreased in Ala-substituted mutant of Phe(359) compared with that of wild-type beta(1)AR.	Alanine	39-42	adrenoceptor beta 1	Homo sapiens	106-115
8188635-14	1994	In the cases of beta-amylases from soybean and sweet potato, the positions that corresponded to those at 233 and 347 in the amino acid sequence of beta-amylase from barley were Ala and Ser, respectively.	Alanine	177-180	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	16-28
7984499-5	1994	Rabbit PYY differs from porcine PYY, which is identical to rat and canine PYY, by two amino acid substitutions at positions 3 (Ser instead of Ala) and 18 (Asp instead of Ser), whereas rabbit PYY and human PYY differ by only one residue at position 3 (Ser instead of Ile).	Alanine	142-145	peptide YY	Oryctolagus cuniculus	7-10
11884610-6	2002	While coexpression of cyclin D1/Cdk4 can reverse the cell cycle arrest properties of p107 in Saos-2 cells, we find that p107 in which the Lys-Arg-Arg-Leu sequence of the RXL motif is replaced by four alanine residues is largely refractory to inactivation by cyclin D/Cdk4, indicating a role for this motif in p107 inactivation without a requirement for its tight interaction with cyclin D1/Cdk4.	Alanine	200-207	RB transcriptional corepressor like 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
8226812-3	1993	Examination of the mucin-like peptide VLGXXAV, where X is Thr, Ser, or Ala, shows only Thr-containing peptides to be acceptors.	Alanine	71-74	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	19-24
35476997-2	2022	Alanine transaminases (ALT1 and ALT2) catalyze the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	70-77	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	32-36
35476997-2	2022	Alanine transaminases (ALT1 and ALT2) catalyze the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	135-142	glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2	Mus musculus	32-36
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	57-64	semaphorin 4D	Homo sapiens	116-122
35328445-12	2022	We mutated the Sema4A-specific residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D.	Alanine	105-112	semaphorin 4D	Homo sapiens	116-122
11884610-6	2002	While coexpression of cyclin D1/Cdk4 can reverse the cell cycle arrest properties of p107 in Saos-2 cells, we find that p107 in which the Lys-Arg-Arg-Leu sequence of the RXL motif is replaced by four alanine residues is largely refractory to inactivation by cyclin D/Cdk4, indicating a role for this motif in p107 inactivation without a requirement for its tight interaction with cyclin D1/Cdk4.	Alanine	200-207	RB transcriptional corepressor like 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
35055125-4	2022	To test this model, we generated compound heterozygous mice in which one allele each of Naca and Lrp6 is inactivated in osteoblasts and osteocytes, using a knock-in strain with a Naca99 Ser-to-Ala mutation and an Lrp6 floxed strain (test genotype: Naca99S/A; Lrp6+/fl;OCN-Cre).	Alanine	193-196	nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	88-92
8285630-2	1993	A comparative kinetic analysis of both the wild-type and the Ala-235 TEM-1 enzymes revealed little effect of this substitution of residue 235 on the turnover of penicillins but a greater effect on the turnover of cephalosporins.	Alanine	61-64	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	69-74
11790796-11	2002	The replacement of serine with alanine in the lipase motif of mouse LLPL resulted in elimination of enzyme activity, indicating that the serine residue is part of the catalytic site.	Alanine	31-38	phospholipase A2, group XV	Mus musculus	68-72
8233778-3	1993	The preparation of a nucleotidyl-peptide having a thymidine-5"-yl-(P-O)-serine phosphodiester bond, [H-Ala-Ser(pTpT)-Phe-OH](24) is described.	Alanine	103-106	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
35050188-4	2022	(3H)Taurine uptake by TM4 cells was significantly reduced by the substrates of taurine transporter (TauT/SLC6A6), such as beta-alanine, hypotaurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), with no significant effect shown by L-alanine, probenecid, and L-leucine.	Alanine	249-258	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6	Mus musculus	100-104
35050188-4	2022	(3H)Taurine uptake by TM4 cells was significantly reduced by the substrates of taurine transporter (TauT/SLC6A6), such as beta-alanine, hypotaurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), with no significant effect shown by L-alanine, probenecid, and L-leucine.	Alanine	249-258	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, taurine), member 6	Mus musculus	105-111
11891810-2	2002	In this alpha 2 globin variant, the N-terminal valine of the chain was replaced by an alanine.	Alanine	86-93	hemoglobin subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	8-22
8103679-6	1993	The hydroxyl group of serine did not seem essential for interaction with these drugs since mutant mdr1 and mdr3 bearing alanine or cysteine at that position behaved essentially as wild type, while threonine-bearing mutants showed significantly reduced resistance to these drugs.	Alanine	120-127	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	107-111
11724777-5	2002	Serine to alanine (S6A) and serine to glutamic acid (S6E) mutations were produced at the casein kinase I phosphorylation site in galectin-3.	Alanine	10-17	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	129-139
8103758-0	1993	An Ala/Thr variation in the coding region of the human cystatin C gene (CST3) detected as a SstII polymorphism.	Alanine	3-6	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	55-65
8103758-0	1993	An Ala/Thr variation in the coding region of the human cystatin C gene (CST3) detected as a SstII polymorphism.	Alanine	3-6	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	72-76
12096118-4	2002	We report here the phosphorylation site mapping of recombinant Net1 (Net1N) and a mutant Net1N allele (Net1N-19m) with 19 serines or threonines mutated to alanine.	Alanine	155-162	Net1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-94
7694644-5	1993	We investigated this phenomenon further by using two analogues of Ac1-11 with alanine or tyrosine at position 4 which display higher affinity binding to the I-Au molecule than the original peptide with lysine at this position.	Alanine	78-85	adenylate cyclase 1	Mus musculus	66-69
12096118-4	2002	We report here the phosphorylation site mapping of recombinant Net1 (Net1N) and a mutant Net1N allele (Net1N-19m) with 19 serines or threonines mutated to alanine.	Alanine	155-162	Net1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-94
11784132-9	2002	In addition, the analogue cyclo(87-99)[Arg(91), Ala(96)]MBP(87-99) induced proliferation of human peripheral blood T-cells.	Alanine	48-51	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	56-59
8101442-0	1993	Polymorphism of human complement component C6: an amino acid substitution (Glu/Ala) within the second thrombospondin repeat differentiates between the two common allotypes C6 A and C6 B.	Alanine	79-82	complement C6	Homo sapiens	22-45
11595747-8	2001	By contrast, single alanine substitutions in MBP/gp21 did not significantly alter chimera stability, indicating that multiple residues within the transmembrane domain proximal region and the fusion peptide and adjacent glycine-rich segment contribute to stability, thereby mitigating the potential effects of the substitutions.	Alanine	20-27	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	45-48
8405897-6	1993	The sequence His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Thr5-Phe-Thr-Asn-Asp-Met10-Thr-Ser-Tyr- Leu-Asp15-Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Arg20-Asp-Phe-Val-Ser-Trp25- Leu-Ala-Arg-Ser-Asp30- Lys-Ser shows 16 amino acid substitutions compared with the corresponding region of mammalian GLP-1 and 15 substitutions compared with that of salmon GLP.	Alanine	17-20	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	241-246
8278520-3	1993	The deduced ZRP4 polypeptide of 39,558 D is rich in leucine, serine, and alanine.	Alanine	73-80	O-methyltransferase ZRP4	Zea mays	12-16
11726507-6	2001	Hepatic cells expressing the non-phosphorylatable C/EBPbeta alanine mutant were refractory to the inhibitory effects of TNF-alpha on albumin transcription since the mutant remained localized to the nucleus.	Alanine	60-67	CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	50-59
8494891-5	1993	Site-directed mutation of this residue to alanine eliminates both fatty acid activation and FDH activity, thus confirming the identity of the modified residue and its function.	Alanine	42-49	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	92-95
11779507-4	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the EpoR membrane proximal region reveals two modes of EpoR-JAK2 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
8477801-4	1993	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.	Alanine	89-96	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	67-71
8477801-4	1993	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.	Alanine	117-120	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	67-71
8477801-7	1993	In contrast, the DR1-DQ5 and DR13-DQ6 (e.g. DQB1*0603) haplotypes, which are decreased among IDDM patients, were associated with the 665 Ala and 687 Gln variants.	Alanine	137-140	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	152-159	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	42-74
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	152-159	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	79-108
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	152-159	carnitine O-octanoyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
8463052-7	1993	While the replacement of the two charged residues, namely Asp-2 and His-7, with neutral Ala is well tolerated, the substitution with amino acids bearing opposite charges is detrimental.	Alanine	88-91	audiogenic seizure prone 2	Mus musculus	58-63
11553629-0	2001	Structural model of the catalytic core of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT): mutation of CPT I histidine 473 and alanine 381 and COT alanine 238 impairs the catalytic activity.	Alanine	172-179	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	42-74
11551916-6	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region identified a leucine residue (Leu-678), which is required for hAhR activity.	Alanine	0-7	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	106-110
11687627-8	2001	Expression of a hRad17 mutant, with both serine residues changed to alanine, abolished IR-induced activation of the G(1)/S checkpoint in MCF-7 cells.	Alanine	68-75	RAD17 checkpoint clamp loader component	Homo sapiens	16-22
8382976-11	1993	Cdc7 protein carrying a serine to alanine change in the consensus recognition site for Cdc28 kinase shows an altered phosphopeptide map, suggesting that this site is important in determining the overall Cdc7 phosphorylation pattern.	Alanine	34-41	serine/threonine protein kinase CDC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
8382976-11	1993	Cdc7 protein carrying a serine to alanine change in the consensus recognition site for Cdc28 kinase shows an altered phosphopeptide map, suggesting that this site is important in determining the overall Cdc7 phosphorylation pattern.	Alanine	34-41	serine/threonine protein kinase CDC7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	203-207
11694597-4	2001	Converting both threonines to either glutamate or alanine mimics constitutively phosphorylated or dephosphorylated Ent1p, respectively.	Alanine	50-57	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	115-120
1445363-2	1992	The steady-state kinetics parameters reveal the following features regarding the substrate specificity of proteinase 3 and its putative active site: (a) the preferred P1 residue is a small hydrophobic amino acid such as aminobutyric acid, norvaline, valine or alanine (in decreasing order of preference); (b) the enzyme has an extended active site; and (c) its active site is similar to that of the related serine proteinases leukocyte elastase and leukocyte cathepsin G.	Alanine	260-267	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	106-118
11694597-7	2001	We found that actin-regulating Ser/Thr kinase (ARK) mutants exhibit endocytic defects and that overexpressing either wild-type or alanine-substituted Ent1p partially suppressed phenotypes associated with loss of ARK kinases, including growth, endocytosis, and actin localization defects.	Alanine	130-137	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	150-155
1501886-4	1992	To investigate the role of these structural features in the Tat-mediated trans-activation, we have chemically synthesized and evaluated Tat analogs with alanine or glutamine replacing one or more of these amino acid residues.	Alanine	153-160	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	136-139
11685249-3	2001	Three residues, Ala 40, Thr 42 and Lys 43, in the SH3 domain of Csk specifically recognize two hydrophobic residues, Ile 625 and Val 626, in the proline-rich sequence of the PEST domain of PEP.	Alanine	16-19	C-terminal Src kinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
1607649-3	1992	We previously reported that alterations in the H chain V regions can affect the binding of first component of C (C1q) and a major breakdown product of the third C component (C3b) when otherwise identical antibodies were bound to immobilized (Tyr, Glu)-Ala-Lys.	Alanine	252-255	endogenous retrovirus group K member 3	Homo sapiens	174-177
1377744-8	1992	The absolute increase in ceruloplasmin in response to TNF was enhanced in rats fed the alanine-supplemented diet relative to those fed the 20% casein diet.	Alanine	87-94	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	25-38
1598912-10	1992	The mutation is a guanine-to-adenine transition at nucleotide 2314, which changes the alanine codon (GCC) immediately after the first cysteine of the second zinc finger motif of the AR into a threonine codon (ACC).	Alanine	86-93	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	101-104
11685249-3	2001	Three residues, Ala 40, Thr 42 and Lys 43, in the SH3 domain of Csk specifically recognize two hydrophobic residues, Ile 625 and Val 626, in the proline-rich sequence of the PEST domain of PEP.	Alanine	16-19	prolyl endopeptidase	Homo sapiens	189-192
11514560-8	2001	The latter SDS-sensitive self-oligomerization of Syt I is mediated by the spacer domain, because deletion of the whole spacer domain, including the Cys cluster, abolished it, whereas a Syt I(CA) mutant carrying Cys to Ala substitutions still exhibited self-oligomerization.	Alanine	218-221	synaptotagmin 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
1735447-2	1992	The codon of the catalytic serine in the active site of the vacuolar serine proteinase yscB (PrB) was changed to alanine, yielding the mutant gene prb1-Ala519.	Alanine	113-120	proteinase B	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	147-151
11781695-2	2001	The mutation causes a change from alanine to valine in the most conserved region of the ND6 subunit.	Alanine	34-41	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	88-91
1736943-4	1992	The peptides of the first family starting from the C-terminal Gly-532 of gp160 (BRU isolate) were assembled in a stepwise manner to N-terminus of gp41(Ala-517).	Alanine	151-154	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	73-78
11675599-3	2001	According to the consensus chronology, the pair of complementary GGC and GCC codons for the amino acids alanine and glycine appeared first.	Alanine	104-111	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	73-76
1922025-2	1991	Two highly conserved alanines (Ala-238 and Ala-239 in GCN4) and an invariant asparagine (Asn-235) in the basic region have been proposed to play important roles in DNA sequence recognition by bZIP proteins.	Alanine	21-29	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
11559795-8	2001	Two further mutations, one in motif VI (R457A,R458A) and the other a clustered charged-to-alanine substitution at R(376)KNGK(380), abolished helicase activity only.	Alanine	90-97	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	141-149
2014052-7	1991	Also, nef can downregulate a CD4 triple mutant (Ser----Ala) that is neither phosphorylated nor down-regulated by phorbol esters, indicating that nef is acting by a different mechanism.	Alanine	55-58	TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	6-9
2014052-7	1991	Also, nef can downregulate a CD4 triple mutant (Ser----Ala) that is neither phosphorylated nor down-regulated by phorbol esters, indicating that nef is acting by a different mechanism.	Alanine	55-58	TNFAIP3 interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	145-148
11572971-6	2001	Thus, exchange of Ala and Glu and vice versa in positions 22 and 21 of h/rCRF and Svg, respectively, serves as a switch discriminating between CRFBP and CRFR.	Alanine	18-21	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
1847119-6	1991	In vitro transport studies of the maximally injured region, the midjejunum (80% reduction in lactase), surprisingly, showed transport responses to L-glutamine (30 mmol/L) and L-alanine (30 mmol/L) that were similar qualitatively and quantitatively to those observed in control tissue.	Alanine	175-184	lactase	Homo sapiens	93-100
11520168-2	2001	Two cartilage aggrecanases have been identified, aggrecanase-1 (ADAM-TS4) and aggrecanase-2 (ADAM-TS5) and both enzymes have been shown very efficiently to cleave soluble aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site.	Alanine	196-199	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Bos taurus	78-91
2205108-5	1990	During conversion of alanine to lactate with glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro, 32 +/- 2% of 3H in [3-3H]alanine was found in water and 68 +/- 2% in lactate.	Alanine	21-28	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	45-74
11520168-2	2001	Two cartilage aggrecanases have been identified, aggrecanase-1 (ADAM-TS4) and aggrecanase-2 (ADAM-TS5) and both enzymes have been shown very efficiently to cleave soluble aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site.	Alanine	196-199	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Bos taurus	93-101
2205108-5	1990	During conversion of alanine to lactate with glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vitro, 32 +/- 2% of 3H in [3-3H]alanine was found in water and 68 +/- 2% in lactate.	Alanine	21-28	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	76-79
11389881-7	2001	Three mutant proteins, Ala(740)-, Ala(742)-, and Ala(751)-ATX, in the EF-hand loop region of ATX had enzymatic activity comparable to that of the wild-type protein.	Alanine	23-26	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Bos taurus	93-96
2396979-10	1990	The results demonstrate that both liver Na+/L-alanine transport systems (A and ASC) can be expressed in X. laevis oocytes.	Alanine	46-53	PYD and CARD domain containing L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-82
11389881-7	2001	Three mutant proteins, Ala(740)-, Ala(742)-, and Ala(751)-ATX, in the EF-hand loop region of ATX had enzymatic activity comparable to that of the wild-type protein.	Alanine	34-37	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Bos taurus	93-96
11389881-7	2001	Three mutant proteins, Ala(740)-, Ala(742)-, and Ala(751)-ATX, in the EF-hand loop region of ATX had enzymatic activity comparable to that of the wild-type protein.	Alanine	34-37	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Bos taurus	93-96
11412100-3	2001	Substitution in Ira2p of the arginine following the arginine finger with alanine, the residue found in the corresponding position of p120-GAP, or by glycine as found in neurofibromin, evokes a low but significant stimulation of Ha-Ras GTPase.	Alanine	73-80	RAS p21 protein activator 1	Homo sapiens	133-141
11278991-5	2001	NPM/T199A, a nonphosphorylatable NPM/B23 substitution mutant (Thr(199) --&gt; Ala) acts as dominant negative when expressed in cells, resulting in specific inhibition of centrosome duplication.	Alanine	78-81	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
2406257-3	1990	We have found that a crude lysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (aaa1) deficient in N alpha-acetyltransferase activity can effectively transfer an acetyl group to peptides containing NH2-terminal methionine but not to serine or alanine.	Alanine	235-242	peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase complex A subunit NAT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-76
1968835-5	1990	The activity of urinary GOT and GPT, which convert Asp and alanine, respectively, to Glu in normal subjects was significantly greater than in calcium stone formation.	Alanine	59-66	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	32-35
1688931-5	1990	Jpmsd mice have a single base change in PLP, a C----T transition in exon 6 that would substitute a valine for alanine in both PLP and its alternatively spliced isoform, DM20.	Alanine	110-117	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	40-43
1688931-5	1990	Jpmsd mice have a single base change in PLP, a C----T transition in exon 6 that would substitute a valine for alanine in both PLP and its alternatively spliced isoform, DM20.	Alanine	110-117	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	126-129
11278991-5	2001	NPM/T199A, a nonphosphorylatable NPM/B23 substitution mutant (Thr(199) --&gt; Ala) acts as dominant negative when expressed in cells, resulting in specific inhibition of centrosome duplication.	Alanine	78-81	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
1688931-5	1990	Jpmsd mice have a single base change in PLP, a C----T transition in exon 6 that would substitute a valine for alanine in both PLP and its alternatively spliced isoform, DM20.	Alanine	110-117	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	169-173
11278991-5	2001	NPM/T199A, a nonphosphorylatable NPM/B23 substitution mutant (Thr(199) --&gt; Ala) acts as dominant negative when expressed in cells, resulting in specific inhibition of centrosome duplication.	Alanine	78-81	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
11410276-7	2001	A dysfunctional alpha(2)-AP variant (Ala-alpha(2)-AP or alpha(2)-AP Enschede), with an alanine insertion in the reactive site sequence converting it from a plasmin inhibitor into a substrate, was also efficiently cleaved by MMP-3 (half-life of 13 min at 37 degrees C and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:10).	Alanine	87-94	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	156-163
11422390-9	2001	Bovine ZPA was processed between Ala and Asp on fertilization, suggesting that the consensus motif for the processing is Ala-Asp-Asp/Glu.	Alanine	33-36	zona pellucida glycoprotein 2	Homo sapiens	7-10
11333913-2	2001	The complete open reading frame, with alanine, arginine, and glutamine at susceptibility codons 136, 154, and 171, respectively, was inserted downstream from the neuron-specific enolase promoter.	Alanine	38-45	enolase 2, gamma neuronal	Mus musculus	162-185
11556982-6	2001	MICA*015 identified in an HLA-B45 homozygous cell (OMW) also had the same deletion that causes a frameshift mutation resulting in complete change of the transmembrane region and premature termination in the cytoplasmic tail; these alleles have a long hydrophobic leucine-rich region instead of the alanine repeat in the transmembrane region and terminate at the second position in the cytoplasmic domain.	Alanine	298-305	MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A	Homo sapiens	0-4
11402452-3	2001	RESULTS: The phenotypes of Ile/Ile, Asp/Asp were over-presented for TAP1 and Val/Val, Ala/Thr, Stop/Stop for TAP2 in Han nationality.	Alanine	86-89	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	109-113
11278681-4	2001	Ser(60), Thr(64), and Thr(68) are the major sites in Spc110p phosphorylated by Mps1p in vitro, and alanine substitution at these sites abolishes the mitosis-specific isoform in vivo.	Alanine	99-106	serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinase MPS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-84
11278524-5	2001	Using surface plasmon resonance, we identified seven amino acids of hIL-18BP which, when changed individually to alanine, caused an 8-750-fold decrease in binding affinity, largely because of increased off-rates.	Alanine	113-120	interleukin 18 binding protein	Homo sapiens	68-76
11278559-4	2001	Both enzymes cleaved a recombinant versican substrate and native human versican at the Glu(441)-Ala(442) bond and the mature form of ADAMTS-4 was detected by Western analysis of extracts of aortic intima.	Alanine	96-99	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	133-141
11278907-3	2001	Substitution with alanine of several arginines, which Gyp6p shares with other GYP family members, resulted in significant inhibition of GAP activity.	Alanine	18-25	GTPase-activating protein GYP6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-59
11096085-10	2001	Additional hIK1/rSK2 chimeras defined the minimal region of hIK1 required to confer complete ATP sensitivity as including amino acids Arg(355)-Ala(413).	Alanine	143-146	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
11252002-2	2001	This Japanese family was found to have an intragenic deletion flanking intron 2 and exon 3 of the SEDL gene that not only included the 5" untranslated region but also the coding sequence for the first methionine through the 25th alanine.	Alanine	229-236	trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
11368342-8	2001	At position 2, substitution of Leu by Cha or Phe gave equivalent PAR-2 potency, but this modification also activated PAR-1, whereas Ala, Asp, Lys, or Gln abolished PAR-2 activity; at position 3, Ile and Cha were optimal, although various amino acids were tolerated; at position 4, Ala or Cha increased PAR-2 potency 2-fold, although Cha introduced PAR-1 activity; at position 5, Arg or Lys could be replaced successfully by large hydrophobic amino acids.	Alanine	132-135	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
11368342-8	2001	At position 2, substitution of Leu by Cha or Phe gave equivalent PAR-2 potency, but this modification also activated PAR-1, whereas Ala, Asp, Lys, or Gln abolished PAR-2 activity; at position 3, Ile and Cha were optimal, although various amino acids were tolerated; at position 4, Ala or Cha increased PAR-2 potency 2-fold, although Cha introduced PAR-1 activity; at position 5, Arg or Lys could be replaced successfully by large hydrophobic amino acids.	Alanine	132-135	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
11203702-5	2001	In contrast, while Xlim-1 is capable of initiating secondary axis formation at low doses in the   presence of Ldb1, deletion of CCR2 (aa 275-295) or substitution of five conserved tyrosines in CCR2 with   alanines (CCR2-5YA) abolished the activity.	Alanine	205-213	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	193-197
11203702-5	2001	In contrast, while Xlim-1 is capable of initiating secondary axis formation at low doses in the   presence of Ldb1, deletion of CCR2 (aa 275-295) or substitution of five conserved tyrosines in CCR2 with   alanines (CCR2-5YA) abolished the activity.	Alanine	205-213	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	193-197
11393538-4	2001	We found one novel polymorphism, a substitution of Ala by Pro at codon 185 (GCC to CCC), in exon 5 of the AHRR gene; among 108 healthy unrelated Japanese women, genotypes Ala/Ala, Ala/Pro, and Pro/Pro were represented, respectively, by 20 (18.5%), 49 (45.4%), and 39 (36.1%) individuals.	Alanine	51-54	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	106-110
11393538-4	2001	We found one novel polymorphism, a substitution of Ala by Pro at codon 185 (GCC to CCC), in exon 5 of the AHRR gene; among 108 healthy unrelated Japanese women, genotypes Ala/Ala, Ala/Pro, and Pro/Pro were represented, respectively, by 20 (18.5%), 49 (45.4%), and 39 (36.1%) individuals.	Alanine	171-174	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	106-110
11393538-4	2001	We found one novel polymorphism, a substitution of Ala by Pro at codon 185 (GCC to CCC), in exon 5 of the AHRR gene; among 108 healthy unrelated Japanese women, genotypes Ala/Ala, Ala/Pro, and Pro/Pro were represented, respectively, by 20 (18.5%), 49 (45.4%), and 39 (36.1%) individuals.	Alanine	171-174	aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor	Homo sapiens	106-110
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	132-139	transformation related protein 63	Mus musculus	55-58
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	165-172	transformation related protein 63	Mus musculus	55-58
11121027-7	2000	His64 in CA XII acts as a proton shuttle residue, as evidenced by the reduced rate constant for proton transfer in the mutants containing the replacements His64 --&gt; Ala and His64 --&gt; Arg, as well as by the selective inhibition of the proton transfer step by cupric ions in wild-type CA XII.	Alanine	168-171	carbonic anhydrase 12	Homo sapiens	9-15
10993892-6	2000	This stimulation and the phosphorylation of GAIP by Erk2 were abrogated when serine at position 151 in the RGS domain was substituted by an alanine residue using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	140-147	regulator of G protein signaling 19	Homo sapiens	44-48
11087420-6	2000	PDZ domains with an Arg in the carboxylate-binding loop do not bind nNOS; however, substitution with Lys or Ala was able to confer nNOS binding.	Alanine	108-111	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
10995737-4	2000	Valyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes aminoacylations of CoA-SH with valine, threonine, alanine, serine, and isoleucine.	Alanine	82-89	valyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
11018058-5	2000	Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GSK-3beta containing a ser 9 to alanine mutation, which prevents inactivation by hypertrophic stimuli, we demonstrate that inactivation of GSK-3beta is required for cardiomyocytes to undergo hypertrophy.	Alanine	75-82	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	43-52
2091022-3	1990	Design of a conformationally constrained, competitive antagonist of GnRH, cyclo[delta 3,4 Pro-D4ClPhe-DTrp-Ser-Tyr-DTrp-NMeLeu-Arg-Pro-bet a Ala] led to the prediction of its bioactive conformation.	Alanine	141-144	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
11018058-5	2000	Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GSK-3beta containing a ser 9 to alanine mutation, which prevents inactivation by hypertrophic stimuli, we demonstrate that inactivation of GSK-3beta is required for cardiomyocytes to undergo hypertrophy.	Alanine	75-82	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	182-191
11001938-4	2000	The novel sporadic missense mutation in the caveolin signature sequence of the caveolin-3 gene changes an alanine to a threonine (A46T) and prevents the localization of caveolin-3 to the plasma membrane in a dominant negative fashion.	Alanine	106-113	caveolin 3	Homo sapiens	44-52
11001938-4	2000	The novel sporadic missense mutation in the caveolin signature sequence of the caveolin-3 gene changes an alanine to a threonine (A46T) and prevents the localization of caveolin-3 to the plasma membrane in a dominant negative fashion.	Alanine	106-113	caveolin 3	Homo sapiens	79-89
11001938-4	2000	The novel sporadic missense mutation in the caveolin signature sequence of the caveolin-3 gene changes an alanine to a threonine (A46T) and prevents the localization of caveolin-3 to the plasma membrane in a dominant negative fashion.	Alanine	106-113	caveolin 3	Homo sapiens	169-179
33513285-7	2021	Inhibition of autophagy could increase the apoptosis rate of HeLa cells after ALA-PDT, suggesting that autophagy may be one of the mechanisms of PDT resistance; The Ca2+ -CamKKbeta-AMPK pathway and autophagy may be targets to improve the killing effect of ALA-PDT in treating HR-HPV infection.	Alanine	78-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	181-185
10837490-10	2000	In aggregate, these data indicate that the region of GP Ibalpha bounded by Asn(226) and Ala(244) regulates the affinity for vWf.	Alanine	88-91	von Willebrand factor	Cricetulus griseus	124-127
34536608-9	2021	Regulation of ALA-PDT on AMPK/SREBP-1 was evaluated by western blot.	Alanine	14-17	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
34536608-12	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT activated AMPK pathway, down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	19-22	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
11268495-7	2000	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that ala GCTTs express high levels of MRP protein with no relation to any of clinicopathological variables investigated here.	Alanine	39-42	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	72-75
34536608-12	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT activated AMPK pathway, down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	112-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
34536608-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: These findings elucidate that ALA-PDT suppresses lipid secretion through AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway in treatment of acne vulgaris.	Alanine	43-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
10852925-5	2000	Point substitution of the C-terminal leucine (Leu at position 0) with alanine abrogated apical polarization of CFTR, interaction between CFTR and EBP50, efficient expression of CFTR in the apical membrane, and chloride secretion.	Alanine	70-77	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
10854437-4	2000	Alanine substitution mutagenesis identified a panel of DH mutants made in the alpha1, alpha6, and alpha9 regions and the PH junction site that suffer complete or partial loss of GEF activity toward Cdc42 and RhoA.	Alanine	0-7	cell division cycle 42	Mus musculus	198-203
34811637-7	2022	Upon intraperitoneal alanine administration, Ctrp3 KO mice showed a modest but significant increase in the conversion of alanine to glucose.	Alanine	21-28	C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 3	Mus musculus	45-50
34811637-7	2022	Upon intraperitoneal alanine administration, Ctrp3 KO mice showed a modest but significant increase in the conversion of alanine to glucose.	Alanine	121-128	C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 3	Mus musculus	45-50
34734802-8	2021	Substitution of this glycine with alanine, a residue conserved in BTLA and several SHP1-recruiting receptors, was sufficient to induce PD-1:SHP1 interaction in T cells.	Alanine	34-41	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
34734802-8	2021	Substitution of this glycine with alanine, a residue conserved in BTLA and several SHP1-recruiting receptors, was sufficient to induce PD-1:SHP1 interaction in T cells.	Alanine	34-41	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Homo sapiens	140-144
10854437-4	2000	Alanine substitution mutagenesis identified a panel of DH mutants made in the alpha1, alpha6, and alpha9 regions and the PH junction site that suffer complete or partial loss of GEF activity toward Cdc42 and RhoA.	Alanine	0-7	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	208-212
10917911-3	2000	The following significant increases from baseline were seen in piglets infused with alanine for 36 h: 1) UUN excretion [10.6 +/- 5.9 mg N/(h. kg(0.75)) to 53.2 +/- 11.1]; 2) BUN concentrations (9.1 +/- 3.0 mmol urea N/L to 51.2 +/- 7.0); 3) calculated urea production [0.34 +/- 0.21 mmol urea/(h. kg(0.75)) to 2.39 +/- 0.53]; and 4) CPS-1 V(max) [2.0 +/- 0.81 mmol citrulline/(h. kg (0.75)) to 4.4 +/- 1.5], (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	84-91	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	333-338
34746462-10	2021	Moreover, ALA significantly upregulated the expression of COX-2 concomitant with the downregulation of elevated NOX-4.	Alanine	10-13	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
10917911-5	2000	Comparison of calculated urea production with calculated total body CPS-1 V(max) at baseline, 18 or 36 h after the start of infusion of alanine or glucose revealed a positive relationship (slope = 0.263; P &lt; 0.002).	Alanine	136-143	carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
34746462-11	2021	Significance: ALA attenuates the lung cytotoxicity of busulfan through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic effects that may be mediated by upregulation of COX-2 and downregulation of NOX-4.	Alanine	14-17	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
10910727-3	2000	Although the c-DNA for the proenzyme (Ala(21)-Glu(523) called DeltaTM-MT1-MMP) was cloned, almost only active MT1-MMP (Tyr(112)-Glu(523)) with identical N-terminus as described for the wild-type enzyme was isolated.	Alanine	38-41	matrix metallopeptidase 14	Homo sapiens	70-77
34560100-2	2021	The polyamines putrescine, agmatine and cadaverine, are produced by pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent L-ornithine, L-arginine and L-lysine decarboxylases (ODC, ADC, LDC), respectively, from both the alanine racemase (AR) and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) folds.	Alanine	198-205	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
10801821-4	2000	In TAFI activation, however, alanine mutations cause a 50% reduction at Tyr-337, 67% reductions at Asp-338 and Leu-339, and 90% or greater reductions at Val-340, Asp-341, and Glu-343.	Alanine	29-36	carboxypeptidase B2	Homo sapiens	3-7
10891416-11	2000	This sequence proved not only necessary but also sufficient for nuclear localization, because its substitution with a six-alanine stretch prevented nuclear translocation of the beta-galactosidase-Pol peptide fusion.	Alanine	122-129	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	177-195
34576163-2	2021	In our previous studies, we reported the robust neuroprotective effects of the icosamer OPN peptide OPNpt20, containing arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and serine-leucine-alanine-tyrosine (SLAY) motifs, in an animal model of transient focal ischemia and demonstrated that its anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and phagocytosis inducing functions are responsible for the neuroprotective effects.	Alanine	176-183	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
34220417-10	2021	Moreover, we demonstrated an important role of the concerted action of GDH and alanine aminotransferase in hyperammonemia; the products alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate serve as an ammonia sink and as a substrate for ammonia fixation via GDH, respectively.	Alanine	136-143	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	79-103
10891416-11	2000	This sequence proved not only necessary but also sufficient for nuclear localization, because its substitution with a six-alanine stretch prevented nuclear translocation of the beta-galactosidase-Pol peptide fusion.	Alanine	122-129	endogenous retrovirus group W member 4	Homo sapiens	196-199
10910365-7	2000	ATM phosphorylates CtIP at serine residues 664 and 745, and mutation of these sites to alanine abrogates the dissociation of BRCA1 from CtIP, resulting in persistent repression of BRCA1-dependent induction of GADD45 upon ionizing radiation.	Alanine	87-94	ataxia telangiectasia mutated	Mus musculus	0-3
34060425-4	2021	By combining functional dynamics analysis and ensemble-based alanine scanning of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins we found that the D614G mutation can improve stability of the spike protein in both closed and open forms, but shifting thermodynamic preferences towards the open mutant form.	Alanine	61-68	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	96-101
34060425-4	2021	By combining functional dynamics analysis and ensemble-based alanine scanning of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins we found that the D614G mutation can improve stability of the spike protein in both closed and open forms, but shifting thermodynamic preferences towards the open mutant form.	Alanine	61-68	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	173-178
10880965-4	2000	Replacement of the conserved threonine in the catalytic domain with alanine (T402A) reduces autophosphorylation and protein kinase activity to 1% that of the wild-type gamma-PAK, indicating autophosphorylation of Thr402 in the activation loop is essential for protein kinase activity.	Alanine	68-75	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2	Homo sapiens	168-177
35489297-7	2022	Based on the flavivirus NS5 homologous interplay, we introduced alanine mutations into the MTase-RdRp interface of TMUV NS5.	Alanine	64-71	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
35489297-7	2022	Based on the flavivirus NS5 homologous interplay, we introduced alanine mutations into the MTase-RdRp interface of TMUV NS5.	Alanine	64-71	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	120-123
10898981-7	2000	Single alanine substitutions at key positions in the peptides impair their binding to eIF4E and markedly reduce their ability to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	7-14	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	86-91
35630694-3	2022	The representatives with 1 or 2 Ala inhibit dengue protease and human furin, two serine proteases involved in dengue virus infection that have peptides with cationic amino acids as their preferred substrates, with IC50 values in the lower microM range.	Alanine	32-35	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	70-75
10898981-8	2000	A triple alanine substitution, which abolishes binding to eIF4E, renders the peptide unable to induce apoptosis.	Alanine	9-16	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	58-63
35626677-3	2022	In this study, we applied circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD) simulations to investigate the interactions of two RRCPPs, Tat(49-57)-NH2 (arginine-rich motif of Tat HIV-1 protein) and PTD4 (a less basic Ala-scan analog of the Tat peptide), with an artificial neuronal membrane (ANM).	Alanine	249-252	tyrosine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	168-171
10888560-7	2000	In addition, analysis of compounds containing intact glucose C(5) carbon chains have indicated that glucose in the presence of L-alanine can lose either C-1 atom to produce a pentitol moiety responsible for the formation of furanmethanol or it can lose the C-6 atom to produce a pentose moiety responsible for the formation of furfural.	Alanine	127-136	complement C6	Homo sapiens	257-260
35534729-5	2022	Mutating aspartate D428 to alanine prevents ammonia binding to SCAP, abolishes SREBP-1 activation and suppresses tumour growth.	Alanine	27-34	SREBF chaperone	Homo sapiens	63-67
35062333-4	2022	Alanine substitution at this position potently inhibited HIV-1 cell-cell spread (the dominant mode of HIV-1 dissemination) by preventing recruitment of Env and Gag to sites of cell-cell contact, inhibiting virological synapse (VS) formation and spreading infection.	Alanine	0-7	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	160-163
10805737-5	2000	Alanine substitution mutagenesis at sites within this region defined several conserved glutamic acid residues in a bipartite motif as critical for eIF5 function.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
10928104-3	2000	A base change from C to T at the nucleotide position 677 of the MTHFR gene results in substitution of valine (GTC) for alanine (GCC).	Alanine	119-126	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	128-131
10736562-1	2000	MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, 32 kDa) and its 20 kDa brother MARCKS-related protein (MRP) are abundant, widely distributed proteins unusually rich in alanine and glutamic acid, and with lysines, serines and phenylalanines concentrated in a compact "effector domain" (ED) near the middle of the sequence.	Alanine	22-29	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	0-6
10722683-3	2000	We show here that site-directed mutagenesis of the homologous alanine (A636T; GluR1-L(c)) in the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit alters its channel properties.	Alanine	62-69	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	78-83
10722683-3	2000	We show here that site-directed mutagenesis of the homologous alanine (A636T; GluR1-L(c)) in the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit alters its channel properties.	Alanine	62-69	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	97-102
10702308-7	2000	Furthermore, mutation to alanine of a conserved serine residue (Ser-192) in the activation loop between kinase domains VII and VIII abolishes both phosphorylation and activation of TAK1.	Alanine	25-32	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	127-131
10667800-6	2000	Alanine substitutions of the residues that penetrate the DNA helix unexpectedly show that human APE1 is structurally optimized to retain the cleaved DNA product.	Alanine	0-7	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
10737978-7	2000	One patient (P2) had a PAX6 protein with de novo in-frame deletion of alanine, arginine, and proline at codon positions 37, 38, and 39.	Alanine	70-77	paired box 6	Homo sapiens	23-27
10617140-0	2000	Effect of multiple serine/alanine mutations in the transmembrane spanning region V of the D2 dopamine receptor on ligand binding.	Alanine	26-33	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	90-110
10654085-3	1999	Radiolabelled amino-acid uptake measurements showed that Agp1p is a general permease for most uncharged amino acids (Ala, Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Met, Phe, Tyr, Ile, Leu, Val, Gln and Asn).	Alanine	117-120	amino acid transporter AGP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-62
10570291-3	1999	To identify the structural domains of the molecule related to this functional property, we screened a set of alanine substitution mutants using CD14-negative U373 astrocytoma cells.	Alanine	109-116	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	144-148
10543983-7	1999	Also alanine substitutions on the putative metal binding sites of the CD11c I-domain such as Asp(242) and Tyr(209) reduced its ability to bind fibrinogen.	Alanine	5-12	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	70-75
10550637-4	1999	Since Zn(2+)-inhibition was less effective at elevated external proton concentrations, we generated alanine mutants with respect to both extracellular histidines in KST1.	Alanine	100-107	Potassium channel KAT1-like	Solanum tuberosum	165-169
10549817-1	1999	A mutation of alanine to threonine in the III S4-S5 linker of the mouse Scn8a sodium channel has previously been identified as causing the ataxia in med(jo) mice.	Alanine	14-21	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	72-77
10500146-9	1999	A Ser(159)-to-Ala (S159A) cdk5 mutant did not show similar activation, which suggests that cdk5 is also regulated by phosphorylation at this site.	Alanine	14-17	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
10500146-9	1999	A Ser(159)-to-Ala (S159A) cdk5 mutant did not show similar activation, which suggests that cdk5 is also regulated by phosphorylation at this site.	Alanine	14-17	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
10446376-8	1999	Replacement of tyrosine-337 in AChE with alanine (resembling the choline binding site of BChE) resulted in 630 times faster inhibition by bambuterol.	Alanine	41-48	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	31-35
10477178-9	1999	Elastase, which recognizes both alanine and leucine, canaccommodate both ascarid inhibitors, whereas chymotrypsin, which prefers bulky, hydrophobic residues, only recognizes the Ascaris C/E inhibitor-1.	Alanine	32-39	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	0-8
10411925-5	1999	No residue was found to be essential for binding to I-A(g7): a peptide that contained the T cell contact residues, on a backbone of alanines, bound to I-A(g7) and stimulated the T cells.	Alanine	132-140	I-ag7	Mus musculus	52-58
10411925-5	1999	No residue was found to be essential for binding to I-A(g7): a peptide that contained the T cell contact residues, on a backbone of alanines, bound to I-A(g7) and stimulated the T cells.	Alanine	132-140	I-ag7	Mus musculus	151-157
10413501-4	1999	The effects of Phe versus Ala substitutions show that the key residue Tyr434 interacts with both ligands primarily through its phenyl ring; for Tyr437, the OH group forms the important contacts with RNase A, whereas the phenyl group interacts with Ang.	Alanine	26-29	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	199-206
10413501-4	1999	The effects of Phe versus Ala substitutions show that the key residue Tyr434 interacts with both ligands primarily through its phenyl ring; for Tyr437, the OH group forms the important contacts with RNase A, whereas the phenyl group interacts with Ang.	Alanine	26-29	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	248-251
10408393-4	1999	Addition of the iron chelator, CP94, greatly increased PpIX accumulation in human skin exposed to ALA, ALA-methyl ester and ALA-hexyl ester.	Alanine	98-101	beaded filament structural protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
10424743-9	1999	Comparison of DPB1-encoded polymorphic amino-acid frequencies in patients and controls showed that susceptibility to MC-HD was associated with Leucine at position 35 of DPB1 (RR = 8.85; CI 3.04-25.77), Alanine-55 (RR = 15.17; CI 2.00-115.20) and Valine-84 (RR = 15.94; CI 3.55-71.49).	Alanine	202-209	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP beta 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
10381364-0	1999	Substitution of the two carboxyl-terminal serines by alanine causes retention of MAL, a component of the apical sorting machinery, in the endoplasmic reticulum.	Alanine	53-60	mal, T cell differentiation protein	Canis lupus familiaris	81-84
10501546-3	1999	Alanine-23 is uniquely found on alpha(t1) but not other members of the G(i)-subfamily.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	32-40
10501546-6	1999	Molecular modeling indicated that the hydrophobic interaction between the side chains of alanine-23 of alpha(t1) and leucine-55 of the beta1 subunit could be disrupted by the introduction of a hydroxyl group.	Alanine	89-96	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	103-111
10501546-7	1999	This study showed that alanine-23 of alpha(t1) is probably involved in defining its affinity for the beta(gamma) complex.	Alanine	23-30	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
10454122-6	1999	In contrast, association studies of UCP2 using an Ala to Val variant at amino acid 55 have produced negative results.	Alanine	50-53	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
10228163-4	1999	Inducible overexpression of mutant mu2, in which these two residues were changed to alanines, resulted in metabolic replacement of endogenous mu2 in AP-2 complexes and complete abrogation of AP-2 interaction with the tyrosine-based internalization motifs.	Alanine	84-92	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	35-38
10228163-4	1999	Inducible overexpression of mutant mu2, in which these two residues were changed to alanines, resulted in metabolic replacement of endogenous mu2 in AP-2 complexes and complete abrogation of AP-2 interaction with the tyrosine-based internalization motifs.	Alanine	84-92	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	142-145
10337857-4	1999	One nucleotide substitution in exon 4 was found, which exchanged Ala (gcc) at position 55 of the amino acid sequence for Val (gtc), previously reported in Denmark by Urhammer et al in 1997.	Alanine	65-68	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	70-73
10206993-3	1999	These Ala mutants triggered neutrophil degranulation and induced calcium responses mediated by CXCR1 and CXCR2.	Alanine	6-9	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
10196216-3	1999	Alanine substitutions for the amino acids (Lys-108 and Arg-213 of Mge1) predicted to interact with the Hsp70 loop were analyzed.	Alanine	0-7	Mge1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	66-70
10187811-9	1999	Finally, alanine substitutions also defined two separate helical faces critical for E5/E5 interactions (homodimer formation).	Alanine	9-16	skull development traits QTL 4	Mus musculus	84-89
10226360-9	1999	During this study, the amino acid sequence originally derived from the DNA sequence of the gene coding for invertase was also verified and it was found that this protein when expressed from SUC2 gene might be created as more than one sequence which differ by a few amino acid substitutions (Asn58&lt;--&gt;Thr, Asn65--&gt;His and Val412&lt;--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	346-349	beta-fructofuranosidase SUC2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	190-194
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-65
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	198-202
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	198-202
9933611-6	1999	Revertants with second site substitutions restoring interaction between GF14omega and the Ala- or Asp-substituted NR fragments were identified.	Alanine	90-93	general regulatory factor 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-81
9927610-1	1999	The highly conserved aspartate residue in the second transmembrane domain of G protein-coupled receptors is present in position 113 in the type 1 neurotensin receptor (NTR1) but is replaced by an Ala residue in position 79 in the type 2 neurotensin receptor (NTR2).	Alanine	196-199	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
2808518-6	1989	Cloning of the tetrapeptide Cys Ala Ile Met to the carboxy terminus of human lamin C resulted in lamin being found in a nuclear envelope-associated form in oocytes.	Alanine	32-35	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	97-102
9927610-4	1999	By using site-directed mutagenesis, we substituted Asp113 of the NTR1 by alanine and the homologous residue Ala79 of NTR2 by aspartate.	Alanine	73-80	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
9854021-6	1999	All of the other Nop2p mutations tested sustained yeast viability, including glycine replacement of Pro423 and the conversion of a second conserved cysteine into alanine.	Alanine	162-169	rRNA (cytosine-C5-)-methyltransferase NOP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-22
2770452-2	1989	The deduced primary sequence of rat brain 5B4/NCAM-ld predicts a large cytoplasmic domain (390 amino acids, Mr 39,284) of striking amino acid composition (52% proline, alanine, serine and threonine) and little predicted alpha or beta secondary structure: its function is unknown.	Alanine	168-175	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
9886386-6	1999	A mutated GIF protein, in which Cys57 and Asn106 in the rhGIF were replaced with Ala and Ser, respectively, had immunosuppressive effects on the IgE and IgG1 Ab responses of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA, while wild-type rhGIF did not.	Alanine	81-84	cobalamin binding intrinsic factor	Mus musculus	10-13
2722875-2	1989	When the reactions catalyzed by alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) and L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1), which is pro-R specific for the C-4 hydrogen transfer of NADH, are coupled in 2H2O, [4R-2H]NADH is exclusively produced.	Alanine	32-39	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	136-139
10071761-15	1999	Mutational analysis of the hUCP2 gene in a cohort of 25 children of caucasian origin (aged 7-13) characterized by low BMR values revealed a point mutation in exon 4 (C to T transition at position 164 of the corresponding cDNA resulting in the substitution of an alanine residue by a valine at codon 55) and an insertion polymorphism in exon 8.	Alanine	262-269	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
2675905-1	1989	The crystal structure of (D-Ala)-B0 porcine insulin has been determined, using data to 1.9 A and atomic parameters of 2 Zn porcine insulin as a starting model, and through the use of the difference method and the restrained least square method, to a final R-factor of 0.211 and r.m.s.	Alanine	27-31	insulin	Bos taurus	44-51
9812986-1	1998	The NIFS protein from Azobacter vinelandii is a pyridoxal phosphate-containing homodimer that catalyzes the formation of equimolar amounts of elemental sulfur and L-alanine from the substrate L-cysteine (Zheng, L., White, R. H., Cash, V. L., Jack, R. F., and Dean, D. R. (1993) Proc.	Alanine	163-172	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	4-8
2647579-3	1989	Porcine insulin (10(-8) M) maintained glycogen content, decreased total glucose production, increased lactate and alanine flux to glycogen in hepatocytes from summer and winter eels, and had a small stimulatory effect on alanine gluconeogenesis in the spring.	Alanine	114-121	insulin	Bos taurus	8-15
2647579-3	1989	Porcine insulin (10(-8) M) maintained glycogen content, decreased total glucose production, increased lactate and alanine flux to glycogen in hepatocytes from summer and winter eels, and had a small stimulatory effect on alanine gluconeogenesis in the spring.	Alanine	221-228	insulin	Bos taurus	8-15
9812986-8	1998	The fact that NIFS also can catalyze the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to elemental selenium and L-alanine suggested the possibility that this enzyme might serve as a selenide delivery protein for the in vitro biosynthesis of selenophosphate.	Alanine	101-110	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	14-18
9804611-1	1998	An aspartate-to-alanine point mutation in the catalytic domain (D853A) of guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), the heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) receptor, rendered the enzyme catalytically inactive.	Alanine	16-23	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	74-92
2707972-3	1989	Libration of the Pro-Ala and Pro-Phe peptide bond planes is suggested as the source of the small exchange contributions to 1/T1p.	Alanine	21-24	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	125-128
9804611-1	1998	An aspartate-to-alanine point mutation in the catalytic domain (D853A) of guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), the heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) receptor, rendered the enzyme catalytically inactive.	Alanine	16-23	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	94-98
2642977-5	1989	Using restriction enzyme polymorphisms in the p53 gene, it was shown that normal mouse DNA encodes alanine at position 135 in the p53 protein.	Alanine	99-106	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	46-49
2642977-5	1989	Using restriction enzyme polymorphisms in the p53 gene, it was shown that normal mouse DNA encodes alanine at position 135 in the p53 protein.	Alanine	99-106	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	130-133
9804611-1	1998	An aspartate-to-alanine point mutation in the catalytic domain (D853A) of guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), the heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) receptor, rendered the enzyme catalytically inactive.	Alanine	16-23	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	105-143
3179438-9	1988	Codon 382 codes for alanine in the normal allele and for threonine in the antithrombin-III-Hamilton allele.	Alanine	20-27	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	74-90
9735366-5	1998	E(Pc) was cloned by transposon tagging, and encodes a novel 2023 amino acid protein with regions enriched in glutamine, alanine and asparagine.	Alanine	120-127	Enhancer of Polycomb	Drosophila melanogaster	0-5
3179438-11	1988	We postulate that, as a result of the substitution of threonine for alanine in antithrombin-III-Hamilton, either the tertiary structure or the hydrophobicity of the thrombin-binding region is altered, causing aberrant conformation of the Arg-393-Ser-394 bond at the reactive center impairing the interaction between antithrombin-III-Hamilton and the activated serine proteases.	Alanine	68-75	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	79-95
3179438-11	1988	We postulate that, as a result of the substitution of threonine for alanine in antithrombin-III-Hamilton, either the tertiary structure or the hydrophobicity of the thrombin-binding region is altered, causing aberrant conformation of the Arg-393-Ser-394 bond at the reactive center impairing the interaction between antithrombin-III-Hamilton and the activated serine proteases.	Alanine	68-75	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	316-332
9799097-4	1998	The IL-4 epitope involved in gamma(c) ectodomain interaction (site 2) was identified by means of an alanine-scanning mutational approach.	Alanine	100-107	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	29-37
3261776-6	1988	A2.1 and A2.3 differ by three amino acids in the alpha 2 domain: Ala vs. Thr at position 149, Val vs. Glu at position 152, and Leu vs. Trp at position 156.	Alanine	65-68	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-26 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-4
9759867-4	1998	Here, we report the first directed mutational analysis of the human gamma c chain by alanine scanning conducted across seven regions likely to contain residues required for intermolecular contact.	Alanine	85-92	interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	68-75
3379061-2	1988	On the basis of nucleotide sequence comparisons of their corresponding cDNAs, we show here that the HPRT A and B proteins differ at two positions; there is an alanine/proline substitution at amino acid position 2 and a valine/alanine substitution at amino acid position 29 (HPRT A/B proteins, respectively; total protein length, 218 amino acids).	Alanine	226-233	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	100-104
3379061-3	1988	On the basis of results obtained from sequencing of the N termini of the purified HPRT A and B proteins, we also show that these amino acid substitutions are associated with differences in processing of the proteins; HPRT B, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Pro, has a free N-terminal proline residue; HPRT A, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Ala, lacks a free N-terminal alpha-amino group and is presumed to be acetylated following removal of the N-terminal methionine (i.e. AcO-Ala).	Alanine	347-350	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	82-86
3379061-3	1988	On the basis of results obtained from sequencing of the N termini of the purified HPRT A and B proteins, we also show that these amino acid substitutions are associated with differences in processing of the proteins; HPRT B, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Pro, has a free N-terminal proline residue; HPRT A, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Ala, lacks a free N-terminal alpha-amino group and is presumed to be acetylated following removal of the N-terminal methionine (i.e. AcO-Ala).	Alanine	347-350	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	217-223
9712856-5	1998	Equilibrium binding assays using 125I-labeled beta-glucuronidase demonstrated that Dom3(Ala) and Dom9(Ala) had a Kd of 2.0 and 4.3 nM, respectively.	Alanine	88-91	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	46-64
3379061-3	1988	On the basis of results obtained from sequencing of the N termini of the purified HPRT A and B proteins, we also show that these amino acid substitutions are associated with differences in processing of the proteins; HPRT B, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Pro, has a free N-terminal proline residue; HPRT A, which is encoded as N-terminal Met-Ala, lacks a free N-terminal alpha-amino group and is presumed to be acetylated following removal of the N-terminal methionine (i.e. AcO-Ala).	Alanine	347-350	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	217-221
9712856-5	1998	Equilibrium binding assays using 125I-labeled beta-glucuronidase demonstrated that Dom3(Ala) and Dom9(Ala) had a Kd of 2.0 and 4.3 nM, respectively.	Alanine	102-105	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	46-64
3166990-3	1988	In the PBG synthase reaction [5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA forms [2,11,11-2H,2,11-13C]PBG (chemical shifts 116.2 ppm for C2 and 34.2 ppm for C11 in D2O).	Alanine	43-46	complement C2	Homo sapiens	109-118
9722619-5	1998	While interactions of neurofascin with F11 are only slightly modulated, binding to axonin-1 and TN-R is strongly regulated by alternatively spliced stretches located in the NH2-terminal half, and by the proline-alanine-threonine-rich segment.	Alanine	211-218	tenascin R	Homo sapiens	96-100
3305015-14	1987	The results reveal that Glu-Gly (residues 34-35), Glu-Ala (residues 42-43) and Glu-Leu (residues 50-51) are three preferential cleavage sites for V8 protease and their cleavage, especially the Glu-Ala and the Glu-Leu sites, was drastically inhibited when antithrombin III was preincubated with heparin.	Alanine	54-57	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	255-271
3305015-14	1987	The results reveal that Glu-Gly (residues 34-35), Glu-Ala (residues 42-43) and Glu-Leu (residues 50-51) are three preferential cleavage sites for V8 protease and their cleavage, especially the Glu-Ala and the Glu-Leu sites, was drastically inhibited when antithrombin III was preincubated with heparin.	Alanine	197-200	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	255-271
9707562-5	1998	IRF-3-mediated activation of IFN genes depends in part on carboxyl-terminal phosphorylation of a cluster of Ser/Thr residues, because a mutant with Ser/Thr to Ala substitutions activates the IFN promoter less efficiently.	Alanine	159-162	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
9636039-4	1998	Mutation of Ser-563--&gt;Ala eliminated HSL hydrolytic activity against cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol substrates to the same extent as mutation of Ser-423--&gt;Ala, the presumed catalytic site.	Alanine	25-28	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
2436231-1	1987	A highly immunogenic epitope from a conserved COOH-terminal region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120 envelope protein has been identified with antisera from HIV-seropositive subjects and a synthetic peptide (SP-22) containing 15 amino acids from this region (Ala-Pro-Thr-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Arg-Val-Val-Gln-Arg-Glu-Lys-Arg).	Alanine	273-276	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
3701067-6	1986	The amino acids required for binding of mAb Cap-4, Cap-5, Rh-4, and Rh-2 to hemoglobin are alanine at beta 5, threonine at beta 13, glutamine at beta 125, and leucine at alpha 68.	Alanine	91-98	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	58-62
3701067-6	1986	The amino acids required for binding of mAb Cap-4, Cap-5, Rh-4, and Rh-2 to hemoglobin are alanine at beta 5, threonine at beta 13, glutamine at beta 125, and leucine at alpha 68.	Alanine	91-98	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	68-72
9636039-4	1998	Mutation of Ser-563--&gt;Ala eliminated HSL hydrolytic activity against cholesteryl ester, triacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol substrates to the same extent as mutation of Ser-423--&gt;Ala, the presumed catalytic site.	Alanine	185-188	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
9636039-5	1998	Mutation of Ser-565--&gt;Ala modestly decreased HSL activity.	Alanine	25-28	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
3085095-4	1986	A sixth cytokine, colony-stimulating factor 1, has an alanine followed by a similar pattern of five amino acids at the end of the putative signal peptide.	Alanine	54-61	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-45
9636039-8	1998	Mutation of Val-710--&gt;Ala resulted in an 85% loss of HSL hydrolytic activity.	Alanine	25-28	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
9603928-1	1998	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of amino acids 21-30, forming cytoplasmic domain Ib in phospholamban (PLN), revealed that mutation to Ala of Asn27, Gln29, and Asn30 results in gain of inhibitory function.	Alanine	0-7	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	99-102
3001041-5	1985	In addition, the contents of methionine, serine, glutamic acid and glutamine, and alanine were considerably different between Ch1 and Ch2.	Alanine	82-89	acylphosphatase 1	Gallus gallus	134-137
9720253-7	1998	The presence of Val and Ala residues in positions 178 and 180, respectively, are characteristic of the three known pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRP1), whereas Ala and Pro residues are always present at the same positions in all the other members of the PL gene family.	Alanine	24-27	pancreatic lipase related protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	115-150
3928381-3	1985	The combined results reveal a pronounced selectivity of CBPP for the peptide bonds at the carboxy ends of Ala, Val, Leu, Ser, His and Thr residues with Ala, Val and Leu most favoured, indicating a close catalytic relationship to porcine pancreatic elastase [Narayanan, A. S. &amp; Anwar, R. A.	Alanine	106-109	chymotrypsin like elastase 3B	Homo sapiens	56-60
3986216-6	1985	Purified glyoxalase I reduced the amount of aminolevulinic acid formed in the presence of dioxovaleric acid, L-alanine, glutathione, and purified L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase (dioxovalerate transaminase).	Alanine	109-118	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	9-21
3986216-6	1985	Purified glyoxalase I reduced the amount of aminolevulinic acid formed in the presence of dioxovaleric acid, L-alanine, glutathione, and purified L-alanine: 4,5-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferase (dioxovalerate transaminase).	Alanine	146-155	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	9-21
9720253-7	1998	The presence of Val and Ala residues in positions 178 and 180, respectively, are characteristic of the three known pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRP1), whereas Ala and Pro residues are always present at the same positions in all the other members of the PL gene family.	Alanine	24-27	pancreatic lipase related protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	152-157
9720253-7	1998	The presence of Val and Ala residues in positions 178 and 180, respectively, are characteristic of the three known pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PLRP1), whereas Ala and Pro residues are always present at the same positions in all the other members of the PL gene family.	Alanine	24-27	pancreatic lipase	Canis lupus familiaris	152-154
6609366-2	1984	p21 molecules encoded by cellular ras genes (c-Ha-ras-1) contain an alanine at position 59, and thus these p21 molecules are not phosphorylated.	Alanine	68-75	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	45-55
9734782-3	1998	Analysis of their functions, along with previously prepared alanine scanning mutants, demonstrated that some loops interact with DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) and replication factor C (RFC).	Alanine	60-67	DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	129-149
9535830-15	1998	Substitution at the P1" position of Val for Ser in conjunction with Ala for Val at P2", as well as a single substitution of Lys for Val at P2", generated specific inhibitors of furin cleavage.	Alanine	68-71	furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Homo sapiens	177-182
6703688-7	1984	The holo activity of combined peroxisomal and mitochondrial AGT 1 with a low Km for L-alanine rapidly decreased after a lag time of about 2 days during feeding of the vitamin B6-deficient diet (by 50% in 5 days, by 86% in 14 days).	Alanine	84-93	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	60-63
6703688-9	1984	The holo activity of AGT 2 with a high Km for L-alanine decreased more slowly than AGT 1 (by 33% in 14 days, by 60% in 28 days).	Alanine	46-55	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	21-24
9560162-6	1998	Mutation of the final residue of the beta2-adrenergic receptor from leucine to alanine abolishes the receptor"s interaction with NHERF and also markedly alters beta2-adrenergic receptor regulation of NHE3 in cells without altering receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase.	Alanine	79-86	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
6638506-6	1983	The N-terminal-region amino acid sequence of the purified BAL was determined as follows: Ala-Lys-Leu-Gly-Ala-Val-Tyr-Thr-Glu-Gly-Lys-Phe-Val-Glu-Gly-Val-Asn-Lys-Lys-Leu-Gly-Leu-.	Alanine	89-92	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	58-61
9541394-8	1998	Analysis of Ala substitution analogues suggested that Val3, Gln5, Asp6, Trp7, and Gly8 contribute significantly to the inhibitory activity of the peptide.	Alanine	12-15	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 7	Homo sapiens	72-76
24185863-3	1981	This defect introduced by the ole3 mutation is cured by the addition of ALA.	Alanine	72-75	5-aminolevulinate synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-34
9461580-4	1998	Using site-directed mutagenesis to replace residues in TMD5-8 of VMAT2 with the equivalent residues from VMAT1, we now show that the sensitivity of VMAT2 to tetrabenazine requires Ala-315, and this interaction occurs independently of the interaction with residues in TMD9-12.	Alanine	180-183	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	65-70
7470024-18	1980	Chick brush-border cells can thus both catabolize and synthesize glutamine; glutamine synthesis is always diminished by concomitant metabolism of glucose, presumably by allosteric inhibition of glutamine synthetase by alanine.	Alanine	218-225	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Gallus gallus	194-214
369847-1	1978	In the first experiment, the influence of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on the time course of [3H]glucosamine ([3H]GA) and [14C]alanine ([14C]A) incorporation into LH by quartered rat anterior pituitary glands and the sequence of release of radiolabeled and total immunoreactive LH (IR-LH) was investigated.	Alanine	146-153	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-82
9461580-4	1998	Using site-directed mutagenesis to replace residues in TMD5-8 of VMAT2 with the equivalent residues from VMAT1, we now show that the sensitivity of VMAT2 to tetrabenazine requires Ala-315, and this interaction occurs independently of the interaction with residues in TMD9-12.	Alanine	180-183	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	148-153
369847-1	1978	In the first experiment, the influence of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on the time course of [3H]glucosamine ([3H]GA) and [14C]alanine ([14C]A) incorporation into LH by quartered rat anterior pituitary glands and the sequence of release of radiolabeled and total immunoreactive LH (IR-LH) was investigated.	Alanine	146-153	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
9585128-3	1998	Alanine-substituted beta2AR mutants showed that tyrosine at position 308 in TMD7 played an important role in binding of beta2 selective agonists with high affinity.	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
417240-5	1978	Alanine accumulated in CSF and urine, urinary excretion of lactate and pyruvate was highly elevated.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
24309-4	1977	Enzyme activities are based on the formation of oxaloacetate (GOT) or pyruvate (GPT) from aspartic acid and alanine respectively with oxoglutarate.	Alanine	108-115	alanine aminotransferase 1	Sus scrofa	80-83
9575571-4	1998	In this study we performed an alanine scan of amino acids 1 to 152 of human CD14.	Alanine	30-37	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	76-80
415884-4	1977	Also, the responses to other GL-containing polymers, such as poly-L (Glu, Lys, Ala) and poly-L (Glu, Lys, Pro), which are under the control of distinct Ir genes, can stimulate the production of GL-binding antibodies that share common BGL idiotypic determinants with antibodies induced with GLphi.	Alanine	79-82	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	234-237
925521-4	1977	The liver LPL activity was stimulated 7-fold by human apoLp-Glu (half maximal activity at 1.5 microgram/ml) and inhibited by apoLp-Ala, apoLp-Ser, apoLp-GlnI, and apoLP-GlnII.	Alanine	131-134	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	10-13
9405483-9	1997	Mutation of potential sites for protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation at serine 57 and serine 195 to alanines, individually, reduced 32P incorporation from labeled ATP into StAR preprotein produced by in vitro transcription/translation when incubated with protein kinase A catalytic subunit.	Alanine	105-113	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	177-181
9405483-10	1997	32P labeling of StAR protein expressed in COS-1 cells was also reduced when serine 57 or serine 195 were mutated to alanines.	Alanine	116-124	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	16-20
9409825-2	1997	Single and multiple amino acid replacements of Cct6p were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, including changes of charged to alanine residues and uncharged to charged residues.	Alanine	143-150	chaperonin-containing T-complex subunit CCT6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-52
197035-3	1977	A solution synthesis of Z-Gly-Thr-Lys (Tfa)-Met-Ile-Phe-Ala-Gly-Ile-Lys (Tfa)-Lys (Tfa)-NHNH-Boc corresponding to the sequence 77-87 of horse heart cytochrome c is described.	Alanine	56-59	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	148-160
9405514-3	1997	A "triple mutant" mSlo channel was constructed in which three amino acids (T256, S259, and L262), equivalent to those identified as part of the peptide"s receptor site in the S4-S5 cytoplasmic loop region of the Shaker channel, were mutated simultaneously to alanines.	Alanine	259-267	potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1	Mus musculus	18-22
892988-3	1977	A description is given of the synthesis by fragment condensation of the peptides Glu-Ser-Ser-Ala-Asp-Lys-Phe-Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Met-Asp and Gly-Glu-Ser-Arg-Glu-Ser-Ser-Ala-Asp-Lys-Phe-Lys-Arg-Gln-His-Met-Asp respectively corresponding to the 5-17 and 1-17 amino acid sequences of rat pancreatic ribonuclease.	Alanine	93-96	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Rattus norvegicus	281-304
9371645-4	1997	A G base at nucleotide position 3155 (alanine at amino acid position 776 of the EMC virus polyprotein [Ala776]; GCC) results in viral diabetogenicity, whereas the substitution of other bases at the same or next position results in a loss of viral diabetogenicity.	Alanine	38-45	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	112-115
1053539-1	1976	Pharmacologic concentrations of either LiCl, LiN03 and LiF or the lithium salts of pyruvic or glutamic acids inhibit the formation of alanine arising from the transamination of glutamate in the presence of pyruvate.	Alanine	134-141	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	55-58
9352354-7	1997	In contrast, DR1 varying only at position beta 85 differ in their binding of substituted peptides containing Ala, Tyr or Trp at the P1 anchor position.	Alanine	109-112	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
235958-12	1975	The largest dissociation constant occurs for Ala and is 4.4 times that for A0, and 5.6 times that for Alc, the least dissociated of the hemoglobins.	Alanine	45-48	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	102-105
9315662-4	1997	The sequence of CA150 contains an extensive glutamine- and alanine-rich repeat that is found in transcriptional modulators such as GAL11 and SSN6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zeste in Drosophila melanogaster.	Alanine	59-66	transcription regulator CYC8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	141-145
9305856-6	1997	Mutation of Phe at position 309 to Ser or Ala enhanced the secretion of functional FVIII and reduced its ATP dependence.	Alanine	42-45	coagulation factor VIII	Homo sapiens	83-88
6076029-0	1967	Polymerization of DL-alanine NCA and L-alanine NCA.	Alanine	19-28	CEA cell adhesion molecule 6	Homo sapiens	29-32
9307016-6	1997	Amino acid analysis showed that the amino acid composition of DNase gamma was similar to that of rat DNase I (molecular mass 32 kDa) but different with regard to alanine and lysine residues.	Alanine	162-169	deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
33677213-2	2021	This study hypothesized that CAP can form various complexes with native bovine alpha-lactalbumin (holo-ALA) and decalcified-ALA (apo-ALA).	Alanine	103-106	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	79-96
9300500-4	1997	With respect to the wild type, the Cys-111--&gt;Ala mutant displays a reduced affinity for pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP), slower kinetics of reconstitution to holoenzyme, a decreased ability to anchor the external aldimine formed between D-Dopa and the bound co-enzyme, and a decreased efficiency of energy transfer between tryptophan residue(s) and reduced PLP.	Alanine	48-51	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	115-118
34041691-6	2021	The approach was demonstrated on the N-terminal domain of human HSP90, for which complete assignment of Ala-beta, Ile-delta1, Leu-delta2, Met-epsilon, Thr-gamma and Val-gamma2 methyl groups was obtained.	Alanine	104-107	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
9300500-4	1997	With respect to the wild type, the Cys-111--&gt;Ala mutant displays a reduced affinity for pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP), slower kinetics of reconstitution to holoenzyme, a decreased ability to anchor the external aldimine formed between D-Dopa and the bound co-enzyme, and a decreased efficiency of energy transfer between tryptophan residue(s) and reduced PLP.	Alanine	48-51	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	357-360
9256474-5	1997	An enzymatically inactive recombinant granzyme A, with the active site Ser mutated to Ala, was produced and used with affinity chromatography to identify potential substrates.	Alanine	86-89	granzyme A	Homo sapiens	38-48
33954082-1	2021	Previously, the structure elements of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) were determined using comprehen-sive Ala-insertion mutation analysis, which is assumed to be a kind of protein "building blocks."	Alanine	106-109	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	38-61
33954082-1	2021	Previously, the structure elements of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) were determined using comprehen-sive Ala-insertion mutation analysis, which is assumed to be a kind of protein "building blocks."	Alanine	106-109	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	63-67
9267030-4	1997	We generated transgenic mice expressing H/K-ATPase beta subunit in which this motif"s tyrosine residue is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	117-124	ATPase, H+/K+ exchanging, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	40-50
33954082-3	2021	However, the comprehensive Ala-insertion mutation analysis is a time- and cost-consuming process and only a set of the DHFR structure elements have been reported so far.	Alanine	27-30	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	119-123
33574036-5	2021	Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels.	Alanine	60-67	dedicator of cytokinesis 8	Homo sapiens	129-134
33609235-3	2021	Functionally, the overexpression of miR-340 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, extracellular alanine (Ala) level, and glycolysis level in 786-O cells.	Alanine	108-115	microRNA 340	Homo sapiens	36-43
33609235-3	2021	Functionally, the overexpression of miR-340 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, extracellular alanine (Ala) level, and glycolysis level in 786-O cells.	Alanine	117-120	microRNA 340	Homo sapiens	36-43
33609235-5	2021	The FZD3 silencing abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-340 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, Ala level, and glycolysis level in 786-O cells.	Alanine	116-119	microRNA 340	Homo sapiens	54-61
33609235-6	2021	In conclusion, miR-340 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells via suppressing FZD3 expression, and the promotion effect of miR-340 on RCC progression may be due to its regulatory effect on glycolysis and Ala level.	Alanine	226-229	microRNA 340	Homo sapiens	145-152
9223519-4	1997	An alanine-scanning study for an NS5A/5B substrate (P6P4") revealed that P1 Cys and P3 Val were critical.	Alanine	3-10	ATP synthase membrane subunit c locus 3	Homo sapiens	73-86
32935890-6	2021	RESULTS: We produced a mouse model with phosphorylation site Thr674 in mouse Kif3a mutated to Ala.	Alanine	94-97	kinesin family member 3A	Mus musculus	77-82
9223530-3	1997	The integrity of the helicase function is dependent on the conserved DEAD motif and can be abolished by a His-Ala point mutation, leaving a fully functional nucleoside triphosphatase.	Alanine	110-113	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	21-29
9230059-2	1997	Rod cells also express a splice variant of arrestin, termed p44, in which the last 35 amino acids are replaced by a single Ala.	Alanine	123-126	interferon induced protein 44	Homo sapiens	60-63
31914860-4	2021	In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the alanine scanning calculations by MM-GBSA_IE method were used to investigate the protein-peptide interaction between BIR3 and BIR2 domains of XIAP and SMAC peptide.	Alanine	59-66	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	209-213
31914860-5	2021	Energetic contribution of each binding residue is calculated and hotspots on both XIAP and SMAC were identified using computational alanine scanning with interaction entropy method.	Alanine	132-139	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	91-95
31914860-8	2021	In particular, excellent correlation between calculated binding free energies in alanine scanning with mutational experimental data were obtained for BIR3/SMAC binding.	Alanine	81-88	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	155-159
9218437-8	1997	The amino acid residues detected in insoluble elastin following hydrolysis with porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase were predominantly Gly and Ala, with lesser amounts of Val, Phe, Ile, and Leu.	Alanine	165-168	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	118-137
9315351-5	1997	However, alanine substitution at PAR2AP position 4 caused only a modest reduction in activity, resulting in a peptide (SLIARL-NH2) with a potency equivalent to that of the human PAR2AP, SLIGKV-NH2.	Alanine	9-16	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
33245804-3	2021	Here, we show that substitutions of alanine, glutamic acid, or lysine for the conserved residue tryptophan at position 122 (W122 ) in tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) CP abolished virus cell-to-cell movement in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.	Alanine	36-43	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	176-178
9200463-7	1997	Internal deletion of the GFFKR motif, or point mutations of the Gly (G), the two Phe (F), or the Arg (R) in the GFFKR motif to Ala (A) rendered LFA-1 constitutively active.	Alanine	127-130	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	144-149
33406423-5	2021	We demonstrate that NEMF, a mammalian RQC2 homolog, modifies translation products of nonstop mRNAs, major erroneous mRNAs in mammals, with a C-terminal tail mainly composed of alanine with several other amino acids.	Alanine	176-183	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	20-24
9169137-3	1997	The FKHL15 gene contains a region rich in alanine residues, frequently associated with transcriptional repression.	Alanine	42-49	forkhead box E1	Homo sapiens	4-10
33397920-5	2021	Importantly, we have leveraged this information to mechanistically validate hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine flux to pyruvate as an imaging biomarker of ALT status and hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine flux to lactate as an imaging biomarker of TERT status in low-grade gliomas.	Alanine	99-106	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	240-244
9111306-5	1997	Mutation of these serine residues to alanine severely reduces the ability of this region to function as an activation domain and inhibits the ability of FosB protein to function as a transforming protein.	Alanine	37-44	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	153-157
33130263-8	2021	Along with its ability to impede the aggregation of tau, ALA also maintains a native random coiled structure, which was estimated by CD spectroscopy.	Alanine	57-60	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	52-55
33130263-9	2021	Finally, TEM analysis showed that the formation of tau fibrils was found to be discouraged by ALA.	Alanine	94-97	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	51-54
33130263-10	2021	Hence, conclusion of the study suggested that ALA profoundly inhibited aggregation of tau and maintained it"s the random-coil structure.	Alanine	46-49	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	86-89
9045708-7	1997	Purified CKI and CKII phosphorylate the wild-type carboxyl terminus of VMAT2, but not a double mutant with both serines 512 and 514 replaced by alanine.	Alanine	144-151	casein kinase 1, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
33354931-5	2021	The addition of L-alanine increases the grain size of the perovskite crystals and lengthens the charge carrier lifetime (tau > 1 micros), leading to improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 20.3% (from 18.3% without an additive) for small-area (4.64 mm2 ) devices and 15.6% (from 13.5%) for large-area submodules (9.06 cm2 ).	Alanine	16-25	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	121-124
9050852-11	1997	Ala mutations of four Ang residues (His-8, Gln-12, Asn-68, and Glu-108) that correspond to RI contacts on RNase A produced no major changes in affinity for RI.	Alanine	0-3	ribonuclease A family member 1, pancreatic	Homo sapiens	106-113
33127641-9	2020	By introducing alanine mutations into hydrophobic positions of pmRPA32, we found potential points of contact between RPA70N and the N-terminal half of pmRPA32.	Alanine	15-22	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	117-123
27396879-1	1997	A conjugated enzyme system, alanine dehydrogenase (AIDH) for stereospecific reduction of pyruvate to l-alanine and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) for regeneration of NADH, were coimmobilized in a nanofiltration membrane bioreactor (NFMBR) for the continuous production of l-alanine from pyruvate with NADH regeneration.	Alanine	269-278	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	138-141
33020179-8	2020	When tau phosphorylation at Ser262 and Ser356 was blocked by alanine substitutions, MARK4wt did not promote tau accumulation or exacerbate neurodegeneration, while co-expression of MARK4DeltaG316E317D did.	Alanine	61-68	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	5-8
33256349-7	2020	After adjustment of age, the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio was significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and free thyroxine and positively associated with weight, hemoglobin, creatinine, alanine transferase, fasting glucose, and thyroid stimulating hormone.	Alanine	191-198	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	35-42
9156561-5	1997	Biotinidase excretion in diabetics was correlated with alanine excretion (rS = 0.667; p &lt; 0.01), but not with protein, albumin or N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion.	Alanine	55-62	biotinidase	Homo sapiens	0-11
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	6-9	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	0-5
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	40-43	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	0-5
33051185-3	2020	Bacterial ProXp-ala was previously shown to combine a size-based exclusion mechanism with conformational and chemical selection for the recognition of the alanyl moiety, while tRNAPro is selected via recognition of tRNA acceptor stem elements G72 and A73.	Alanine	16-19	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	10-15
33051185-7	2020	Enzymatic assays revealed that Hs ProXp-ala requires C72 and C73 in the context of Hs cytosolic tRNAPro for efficient deacylation of mischarged Ala-tRNAPro.	Alanine	40-43	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	34-39
33051185-9	2020	Similar to the bacterial enzyme, Hs ProXp-ala showed strong tRNA acceptor-stem recognition but differed in its amino acid specificity profile relative to bacterial ProXp-ala.	Alanine	42-45	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	36-41
33051185-9	2020	Similar to the bacterial enzyme, Hs ProXp-ala showed strong tRNA acceptor-stem recognition but differed in its amino acid specificity profile relative to bacterial ProXp-ala.	Alanine	42-45	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	164-169
33051185-9	2020	Similar to the bacterial enzyme, Hs ProXp-ala showed strong tRNA acceptor-stem recognition but differed in its amino acid specificity profile relative to bacterial ProXp-ala.	Alanine	170-173	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	164-169
8946918-3	1996	We show here that two specific proline-directed serine motifs are important for function of the regulatory domain: Mutation of these serines to alanine derepresses HSF1 activity at control temperature, and mutation to glutamic acid, mimicking a phosphorylated serine, results in normal repression at control temperature and normal heat shock inducibility.	Alanine	144-151	heat shock transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
33051185-10	2020	Changes at conserved residues in both the Hs and bacterial ProXp-ala substrate binding pockets modulated this specificity.	Alanine	65-68	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X	Homo sapiens	59-64
8816480-7	1996	Replacing the MAP kinase phosphorylation sites with alanine residues results in an increase in the binding affinity of Grb2 to hSos1.	Alanine	52-59	SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
32398684-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes.	Alanine	124-131	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-22
8816484-6	1996	The activation domains of both NRF-1 and NRF-2 were extensively characterized by both deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis.	Alanine	99-106	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
32398684-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes.	Alanine	124-131	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	24-28
32030451-5	2020	Alanine substitutions of CDK11/p58 target sites in eIF3F nullified its effects on cell cycle-dependent translational regulation.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase 11B	Homo sapiens	25-30
8843702-6	1996	Three peptide analogues, in which 7, 11, and 17 were Ala, Cys, or Lys, inhibited about as well as XIP.	Alanine	53-56	late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 5	Homo sapiens	98-101
32030451-5	2020	Alanine substitutions of CDK11/p58 target sites in eIF3F nullified its effects on cell cycle-dependent translational regulation.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase 11B	Homo sapiens	31-34
32030451-5	2020	Alanine substitutions of CDK11/p58 target sites in eIF3F nullified its effects on cell cycle-dependent translational regulation.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit F	Homo sapiens	51-56
8841413-4	1996	Substitution of the His or Lys residues with Ala in the IF1-(42-58)-peptide decreased the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis.	Alanine	45-48	ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Bos taurus	56-59
33131251-14	2020	This study shows that non-conservative and alanine modifications of residues within the exosite-3 spacer RFRYY epitope in full-length ADAMTS13 resist the binding of autoantibodies from iTTP patients, while retaining residual proteolytic activity.	Alanine	43-50	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	134-142
8841413-5	1996	The inhibition exerted by the IF1-(42-58)-peptide on ATP hydrolysis in SMP exhibited a pH dependence, similar to that observed with IF1, which was lost upon replacement of His or Lys with Ala.	Alanine	188-191	ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Bos taurus	30-33
8841413-5	1996	The inhibition exerted by the IF1-(42-58)-peptide on ATP hydrolysis in SMP exhibited a pH dependence, similar to that observed with IF1, which was lost upon replacement of His or Lys with Ala.	Alanine	188-191	ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Bos taurus	132-135
32639022-3	2020	We describe here a large family with eight male members affected by a mild form of the spectrum, mostly auricular defects, harboring a hemizygous ZIC3 variant detected by familial exome sequencing: c.159_161dup p.(Ala55dup), resulting in an expansion of the normal 10 consecutive alanine residues to 11 alanines.	Alanine	280-287	Zic family member 3	Homo sapiens	146-150
32639022-3	2020	We describe here a large family with eight male members affected by a mild form of the spectrum, mostly auricular defects, harboring a hemizygous ZIC3 variant detected by familial exome sequencing: c.159_161dup p.(Ala55dup), resulting in an expansion of the normal 10 consecutive alanine residues to 11 alanines.	Alanine	303-311	Zic family member 3	Homo sapiens	146-150
8702836-4	1996	Mutation of a cluster of five cysteine residues present in the cytoplasmic tail of ETA into serine or alanine residues completely prevented palmitoylation of the receptor.	Alanine	102-109	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	83-86
8757608-6	1996	Our functional analysis of alanine and serine substitutions at position 234 indicates that phosphorylation of this residue may be important for full CD40 signaling activity.	Alanine	27-34	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	149-153
32893622-1	2020	The interaction mechanism of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with Amadori compound (Amadori rearrangement product, ARP) in xylose-alanine model reaction systems was investigated.	Alanine	134-141	mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
8754837-5	1996	The silencing activity of Oct-1 was localized in its C-terminal alanine-rich domain, suggesting that Oct-1 plays a role in silencing of the hTSHbeta promoter.	Alanine	64-71	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	140-148
32803260-4	2020	In the present study, we first conducted alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the N-terminal fragment of human LEAP2 and demonstrated that the positively charged Arg6 and the aromatic Phe4 are essential for LEAP2 binding to GHSR1a.	Alanine	41-48	liver enriched antimicrobial peptide 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
32873855-0	2020	Substitution of Thr572 to Ala in mouse c-Myb attenuates progression of early erythroid differentiation.	Alanine	26-29	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	39-44
8687413-6	1996	In addition, phosphorylation with cAMP-PK or CaMKII of recombinant tau in which Ser-262, Ser-356 or both had been mutated to alanines, clearly demonstrated that cAMP-PK and CaMKII were able to phosphorylate both sites.	Alanine	125-133	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	45-51
8687413-6	1996	In addition, phosphorylation with cAMP-PK or CaMKII of recombinant tau in which Ser-262, Ser-356 or both had been mutated to alanines, clearly demonstrated that cAMP-PK and CaMKII were able to phosphorylate both sites.	Alanine	125-133	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma	Homo sapiens	173-179
8862555-6	1996	Single amino acid substitutions of aspartic acid and serine by alanine at H55 of CDR2 and at H95 of CDR3 respectively and of tyrosine by phenylalanine at H97 and L96 of CDR3, significantly reduced the binding affinity for the TAG72 antigen by 20-, 8-, 16- and 45-fold respectively.	Alanine	63-70	cerebellar degeneration related protein 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
8862555-6	1996	Single amino acid substitutions of aspartic acid and serine by alanine at H55 of CDR2 and at H95 of CDR3 respectively and of tyrosine by phenylalanine at H97 and L96 of CDR3, significantly reduced the binding affinity for the TAG72 antigen by 20-, 8-, 16- and 45-fold respectively.	Alanine	63-70	CDR3	Homo sapiens	100-104
8621524-5	1996	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the basic domain of AHR and substitution with conservative amino acids at particular positions in this domain and in a more amino-proximal AHR segment previously shown to be required for XRE binding (Fukunaga, B. N., and Hankinson, O.	Alanine	0-7	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	52-55
8621423-9	1996	Studies using co-expression of CaM-K IV with CaM-KK in COS-7 cells demonstrated that CaM-KK rapidly activated both total and Ca2+/CaM-independent activities of wild-type CaM-K IV, but not the Thr196 --&gt; Ala mutant, upon ionomycin stimulation.	Alanine	206-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8621424-6	1996	Simultaneous mutation of these two residues into Ala completely abolished NT-3 binding and signaling through TrkA and greatly diminished binding and activation of TrkB.	Alanine	49-52	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
8621424-6	1996	Simultaneous mutation of these two residues into Ala completely abolished NT-3 binding and signaling through TrkA and greatly diminished binding and activation of TrkB.	Alanine	49-52	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	163-167
8821178-0	1996	Mutagenesis of ser41 to ala inhibits the association of GAP-43 with the membrane skeleton of GAP-43-deficient PC12B cells: effects on cell adhesion and the composition of neurite cytoskeleton and membrane.	Alanine	24-27	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
8821178-0	1996	Mutagenesis of ser41 to ala inhibits the association of GAP-43 with the membrane skeleton of GAP-43-deficient PC12B cells: effects on cell adhesion and the composition of neurite cytoskeleton and membrane.	Alanine	24-27	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	93-99
8805511-8	1996	The aspartate residue, which would come into unacceptably close contact with the 2"-phosphate group of the adenosine moiety of NADPH, is replaced by a threonine or alanine in the primary sequences of NADPH-preferring enzymes of the SDR family.	Alanine	164-171	2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	127-132
8805511-8	1996	The aspartate residue, which would come into unacceptably close contact with the 2"-phosphate group of the adenosine moiety of NADPH, is replaced by a threonine or alanine in the primary sequences of NADPH-preferring enzymes of the SDR family.	Alanine	164-171	2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	200-205
8936052-6	1996	The 31-kDa b5R consists of integral of 291 amino acids with the NH2-terminal sequence of Thr-Ala-Arg-Leu-Arg-Thr-Leu-Ile-Asp-Ala. An antiserum developed against the 31-kDa b5R recognized both forms of b5R.	Alanine	93-96	cytochrome b5 reductase 3	Homo sapiens	11-14
32491969-4	2020	Mutations of these sites to phospho-deficient alanine (6A) in cells completely abolished Ska3 localization to kinetochores and Ska functions in chromosome segregation.	Alanine	46-53	spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
32189001-8	2020	However, mutation of these residues to alanine in SlRBCS1 does not influence its function during cold adaptation.	Alanine	39-46	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Solanum lycopersicum	50-57
32369015-3	2020	Here we report that knock-in mice harboring a cysteine-to-alanine substitution at Krt14"s codon 373 (C373A) exhibit alterations in disulfide-bonded K14 species and a barrier defect secondary to enhanced proliferation, faster transit time and altered differentiation in epidermis.	Alanine	58-65	keratin 14	Mus musculus	82-87
32369015-3	2020	Here we report that knock-in mice harboring a cysteine-to-alanine substitution at Krt14"s codon 373 (C373A) exhibit alterations in disulfide-bonded K14 species and a barrier defect secondary to enhanced proliferation, faster transit time and altered differentiation in epidermis.	Alanine	58-65	keratin 14	Mus musculus	148-151
32296771-4	2020	Alanine-substitution revealed that a serine cluster at the distal end of the H4R C-terminal tail is essential for the recruitment of beta-arrestin1/2, and consequently, receptor internalization and desensitization of G protein-driven extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and label-free cellular impedance.	Alanine	0-7	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	77-80
32296771-5	2020	In contrast, alanine substitution of serines and threonines in the intracellular loop 3 of the H4R did not affect beta-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor desensitization, but reduced beta-arrestin1 recruitment and internalization.	Alanine	13-20	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	95-98
32019829-5	2020	Mutation of Shank3 residues R949RK951 to alanine disrupts CaMKII binding in vitro and CaMKII association with Shank3 in heterologous cells.	Alanine	41-48	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3	Mus musculus	12-18
32032490-7	2020	To better understand the sequence specificity of this peptide, we used alanine substitutions to map the important residues and obtained an X-ray structure of this peptide bound to KLHL-12.	Alanine	71-78	kelch like family member 12	Homo sapiens	180-187
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Alanine	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Alanine	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
2477372-12	1989	The mutually competitive binding of EGF and antibodies LA22, LA58, and LA90 implied that the amino acids between Ala-351 and Asp-364 participated in the formation of the EGF-binding site of the human EGF receptor.	Alanine	113-116	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
2477372-12	1989	The mutually competitive binding of EGF and antibodies LA22, LA58, and LA90 implied that the amino acids between Ala-351 and Asp-364 participated in the formation of the EGF-binding site of the human EGF receptor.	Alanine	113-116	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	170-173
2915986-4	1989	A kinase-negative mutant EGFR (K721A), in which Lys-721 in the ATp binding site was replaced by an alanine residue, was shown to be phosphorylated in an EGF-dependent manner by an enzymatically active EGFR deletion mutant lacking two autophosphorylation sites.	Alanine	99-106	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
3053963-6	1988	The active site pocket residue positioned six residues before the active-site Ser184 is alanine in MCSP-1, threonine in MCSP-2, and serine in MCSP-3, indicating that both MCSP-2 and MCSP-3 may have chymotrypsin-like specificity.	Alanine	88-95	granzyme F	Mus musculus	182-188
3049572-6	1988	Gastrotropin (Mr = 14,054) contains 127 amino acid residues and has a blocked (acetylated) alanine at its NH2 terminus.	Alanine	91-98	fatty acid binding protein 6	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
3379061-2	1988	On the basis of nucleotide sequence comparisons of their corresponding cDNAs, we show here that the HPRT A and B proteins differ at two positions; there is an alanine/proline substitution at amino acid position 2 and a valine/alanine substitution at amino acid position 29 (HPRT A/B proteins, respectively; total protein length, 218 amino acids).	Alanine	159-166	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	100-104
3504408-6	1987	CSF taurine, asparagine, aspartate, glycine and alanine were significantly reduced in patients with epilepsy compared to the control population.	Alanine	48-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
3597437-3	1987	Bone proteoglycan II is 95% N terminally blocked and the small amount that can be sequenced has an amino-terminal sequence (NH2-Asp-Glu-Ala-()-Gly-Ile.	Alanine	136-139	decorin	Homo sapiens	0-20
3473468-5	1987	The pentapeptide active site of thymopoietin (residues 32-36) is constant between the human and bovine thymopoietins, but position 34 in the active site of splenin has changed from glutamic acid in bovine splenin to alanine in human splenin, accounting for the biological activity of the human but not the bovine splenin on the human T-cell line MOLT-4.	Alanine	216-223	thymopoietin	Homo sapiens	32-44
3830134-9	1987	Blood alanine concentration fell significantly after the end of the first lap of each day of the fed walk but not during the fasted walk.	Alanine	6-13	LAP	Homo sapiens	74-77
3320533-4	1987	PP12 is a 34-kDa glycoprotein, which has an N-terminal amino acid sequence of Ala-Pro-Trp-Gln-Cys-Ala-Pro-Cys-Ser-Ala.	Alanine	78-81	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
3539636-2	1986	The peptides with X = N-Me-Ala, Sar and Ala as well as the standard substrate (X = Pro) were found to be good substrates, while those with X = alpha-aminobutyryl, Hyp, Ser and Gly were poor substrates, and those with X = pipecolyl, alpha-aminoisobutyryl, N-Me-Val, N-Me-Leu, Hyp(O-Bzl) and Ser(O-Bzl) were not cleaved at all.	Alanine	27-30	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	275-278
3539636-2	1986	The peptides with X = N-Me-Ala, Sar and Ala as well as the standard substrate (X = Pro) were found to be good substrates, while those with X = alpha-aminobutyryl, Hyp, Ser and Gly were poor substrates, and those with X = pipecolyl, alpha-aminoisobutyryl, N-Me-Val, N-Me-Leu, Hyp(O-Bzl) and Ser(O-Bzl) were not cleaved at all.	Alanine	40-43	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	275-278
3008820-7	1986	The N-terminal segment of cytochrome c is insensitive to the heme redox state, as in the crystallographic model, except for residues closest to the heme (Cys-14 and Ala-15), which exchange about 15-fold more slowly in the reduced form.	Alanine	165-168	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	26-38
3941075-2	1986	The COOH-terminal residue in peptide analogs of the phosphorylation site sequence in smooth muscle myosin light chains, Lys11-Lys12-Arg13-Ala-Ala-Arg16-Ala-Thr-Ser19 -(P)Asn20-Val21-Phe22-Ala23, were shown to have a strong influence on the kinetics of peptide phosphorylation.	Alanine	138-141	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	99-105
3941075-2	1986	The COOH-terminal residue in peptide analogs of the phosphorylation site sequence in smooth muscle myosin light chains, Lys11-Lys12-Arg13-Ala-Ala-Arg16-Ala-Thr-Ser19 -(P)Asn20-Val21-Phe22-Ala23, were shown to have a strong influence on the kinetics of peptide phosphorylation.	Alanine	142-145	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	99-105
4044551-9	1985	The principal amino-terminal residues determined by the cyanate method were valine in SBB 1-5 and SBA, and alanine in FBA and FBB.	Alanine	107-114	F-box protein 3	Homo sapiens	118-121
3904081-4	1985	The sites of cleavage in the oxidized B chain of insulin were identified as Ser(9)-His(10), His(10)-Leu(11), Ala(14)-Leu(15), Leu(15)-Tyr(16) and Tyr(16)-Leu(17).	Alanine	109-112	insulin	Protobothrops mucrosquamatus	49-56
6547165-1	1984	The immunomodulatory potential of poly-(Lys-[Leu-poly-DL-Ala]) (LAK) (Lys:Ala:Leu = 1:3:0.7) as the first prototype of a series of new branched polypeptides was studied.	Alanine	57-60	alpha-kinase 1	Mus musculus	64-67
7115774-1	1982	Alanine (5 mM) increased 14CO2 production from [1-14C]oleate by 130% and from [1-14C]butyrate by 101%.	Alanine	0-7	complement C2	Homo sapiens	27-30
7114619-5	1982	Biochemical studies in samples of blood, urine and CSF revealed the presence of high concentrations of ammonia, alanine, glutamine and orotic acid.	Alanine	112-119	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
7319057-0	1981	Structural studies of a new hemoglobin: HbJ lens, beta 13(A10) Ala leads to Asp.	Alanine	63-66	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	58-61
8981012-7	1996	This study also confirms that the allele HLA DQA1* 0501 confers susceptibility to Graves" disease, furthermore, that the CTLA4-alanine 17 allele is an additional predisposing factor.	Alanine	127-134	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1	Homo sapiens	41-49
6447194-2	1980	It displays kinetic behavior very similar to that of rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase with regard to KM values for substrates, activation by monovalent and divalent cations, inhibition by phenylalanine which is reversed by alanine, and lack of activation by fructose-1,6-biphosphate.	Alanine	191-198	pyruvate kinase PKLR	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-82
9015866-4	1996	Previous studies with the m5 muscarinic acetylcholine and human PAF receptors revealed that substitution of a carboxyl-terminal alanine was found to impair receptor-mediated PI PLC activation.	Alanine	128-135	phospholipase C beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-180
427211-7	1979	Its sequence (Gly-Ala-Glu-allysine-(Glu)...) and amino acid composition suggest: (1) clustering of glutamic acid residues in the elastin molecule, and (2) that allysine residues are not restricted to the alanine-enriched sites described for other elastin cross-links.	Alanine	18-21	LOC100620140	Sus scrofa	129-136
427211-7	1979	Its sequence (Gly-Ala-Glu-allysine-(Glu)...) and amino acid composition suggest: (1) clustering of glutamic acid residues in the elastin molecule, and (2) that allysine residues are not restricted to the alanine-enriched sites described for other elastin cross-links.	Alanine	204-211	LOC100620140	Sus scrofa	129-136
8530505-3	1995	An aspartic acid (residue 289 or 478) that is invariant in repeats a and b of all known cGMP-binding PDEs was changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis of cGB-PDE, and wild type (WT) and mutant cGB-PDEs were expressed in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	121-128	phosphodiesterase 5A	Bos taurus	161-168
34059824-7	2021	Notably, this is in contrast with SPTLC1 variants that shift SPT amino acid usage from serine to alanine, result in elevated levels of deoxysphingolipids and manifest with the alternate phenotype of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy.	Alanine	97-104	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	34-37
34058726-5	2021	We focus on Met   Ala mutations at positions 205, 206 and 213, which are mostly buried residues located on helix 3 of the protein.	Alanine	18-21	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	12-15
8618841-2	1995	We have used Trp and Ala as a high- and a low-impact perturbation probe, respectively, to replace each of 18 consecutive residues within the putative second transmembrane segment, M2, of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, ROMK1.	Alanine	21-24	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 1	Homo sapiens	229-234
33964212-5	2021	Moreover, Pen-cRaf-v1 exhibits excellent activity comparable with a leading pan-RAS inhibitor (BI-2852), as well as high target specificity in transcriptome analysis and alanine mutation analysis.	Alanine	170-177	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor	Homo sapiens	10-13
8635999-1	1995	We examined whether the novel point mutation from GCC (Ala) to GAC (Asp) at codon 664 in exon 11 of RET proto-oncogene, which we had found in two small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines, existed in genomic DNA of tumor tissues of the two SCLC patients from whom these SCLC cell lines were derived.	Alanine	55-58	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	50-53
7593830-2	1995	The nature of the interaction of the peptide His98-Pro-His-Pro-His-Leu-Ser-Phe105-Met-Ala-Ile-Pro-Pro- Lys111 with chymosin and porcine pepsin was investigated using molecular modelling and energy minimization techniques.	Alanine	86-89	chymosin	Bos taurus	115-123
33911136-6	2021	Phosphoinhibiting mutations (Ser-to-Ala) introduced at Ser6 and Ser97 spontaneously activated PKR.	Alanine	36-39	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	94-97
7623835-2	1995	Twenty-one site-directed mutations were constructed in the POL30 gene, each mutation changing two adjacently located charged amino acids to alanines.	Alanine	140-148	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	59-64
7542233-5	1995	In order to identify the epitope for 3C10, we constructed a series of alanine substitution mutants of soluble CD14 (sCD14).	Alanine	70-77	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	110-114
33887099-3	2021	We report kinetic, inhibition, and crystallographic studies concerning human AspH variants in which either of its Fe(II) binding histidine residues are substituted for alanine.	Alanine	168-175	aspartate beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	77-81
33826298-4	2021	In this system, l-alanine-pillar[5]arenes as selective receptors were introduced on the tip side of conical nanochannels to form an enantioselective "gate".	Alanine	16-25	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	88-91
33937418-8	2021	Alanine scanning of epitope revealed that the peptide fragment 344RGDRWIQDEIEF355 was responsible for generating strong antibody responses that inhibit the PAD2-catalyzed citrullination reaction.	Alanine	0-7	MMTV LTR integration site 2	Mus musculus	156-160
33753487-7	2021	To measure DeltaDeltaG, we introduced two alanine point mutations into an 8-amino-acid region at the C-terminal end of bR"s G helix.	Alanine	42-49	chromosome 12 open reading frame 73	Homo sapiens	119-121
33741961-4	2021	Citrullination of PKM2 R106 reprogrammes cross-talk between PKM2 ligands lowering its sensitivity to the inhibitors Tryptophan, Alanine and Phenylalanine and promoting activation by Serine.	Alanine	128-135	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	18-22
33741961-4	2021	Citrullination of PKM2 R106 reprogrammes cross-talk between PKM2 ligands lowering its sensitivity to the inhibitors Tryptophan, Alanine and Phenylalanine and promoting activation by Serine.	Alanine	128-135	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	60-64
33850892-8	2021	The residues of the TCR alpha or beta chains that interacted with peptides were replaced by alanine (Ala) or glycine (Gly), and their intermolecular binding free energy of the complex had been improved.	Alanine	92-99	T cell receptor alpha joining 60 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	20-29
33850892-8	2021	The residues of the TCR alpha or beta chains that interacted with peptides were replaced by alanine (Ala) or glycine (Gly), and their intermolecular binding free energy of the complex had been improved.	Alanine	101-104	T cell receptor alpha joining 60 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	20-29
33364202-10	2020	Three-dimensional modeling of the claudin-8 structure identified an exposed HtrA cleavage site between the amino acids alanine 58 and asparagine 59, which is in well agreement with the mapping studies.	Alanine	119-126	HtrA serine peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
32934817-3	2020	The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	35-38	ninein	Homo sapiens	28-34
32934817-3	2020	The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	39-42	ninein	Homo sapiens	28-34
32934817-3	2020	The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	39-42	ninein	Homo sapiens	28-34
32934817-3	2020	The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	39-42	ninein	Homo sapiens	28-34
32934817-3	2020	The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes.	Alanine	39-42	ninein	Homo sapiens	28-34
33867330-6	2020	Moreover, the genotype Pro/Ala group had a higher level of serum parameters and resistin.	Alanine	27-30	resistin	Homo sapiens	80-88
33020275-9	2020	Furthermore, in silico alanine scanning calculations of the last 21 residues of the C terminals of Gi and Gs were performed to shed light on the selective binding of Gi to mu-OR.	Alanine	23-30	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	99-101
33020275-9	2020	Furthermore, in silico alanine scanning calculations of the last 21 residues of the C terminals of Gi and Gs were performed to shed light on the selective binding of Gi to mu-OR.	Alanine	23-30	G protein subunit alpha i1	Homo sapiens	166-168
31983282-7	2020	Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type.	Alanine	318-325	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	72-78
31983282-7	2020	Taken together, our data suggest that PRKDC-mediated phosphorylation of PRKAG1 primes AMPK complex to the lysosomal activation by STK11 in cancer cells thereby linking DNA damage response to autophagy and cellular metabolism.Abbreviations: AXIN1: axin 1; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; AA mutant: double alanine mutant (S192A, T284A) of PRKAG1; ACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; AICAR: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; ATM: ataxia telangiectasia mutated; ATR: ATM serine/threonine kinase; AV: autophagic vacuole; AVd: degradative autophagic vacuole; AVi: initial autophagic vacuole; BECN1: beclin 1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CBS: cystathionine beta-synthase; CDK7: cyclin dependent kinase 7; CDKN1A: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GST: glutathione S transferase; H2AX/H2AFX: H2A.X variant histone; HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution; IP: immunopurification; IR: ionizing radiation; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP3K9: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9; mRFP: monomeric red fluorescent protein; mCh: mCherry; MCM7: minichromosome maintenance complex component 7; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NHEJ: non-homologous end joining; NRBP2: nuclear receptor binding protein 2; NTC: non-targeting control; NUAK1: NUAK family kinase 1; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PIK3AP1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase adaptor protein 1; PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PIKK: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase; PRKAA: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha; PRKAB: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta; PRKAG: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma; PRKDC: protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit; RLuc: Renilla luciferase; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TP53: tumor protein p53; TSKS: testis specific serine kinase substrate; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type.	Alanine	318-325	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	130-135
32828270-5	2020	Kn2-7 enhanced the cellular uptake of CpG DNA; this effect was decreased by the substitution of arginine residues with alanine residues, and increased by the substitution of lysine residues with arginine residues.	Alanine	119-126	immunoglobulin kappa chain variable 4-70	Mus musculus	0-5
32912085-9	2022	MD simulation also showed that alanine at N-terminal of Smac could be replaced with isoleucine without alternation of biological activity which was in agreement with in vitro experiments.	Alanine	31-38	diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein	Homo sapiens	56-60
32887376-7	2020	ALA reduced circulating leptin, without affecting body weight, glycemic dysfunction, or cholesterol.	Alanine	0-3	leptin	Mus musculus	24-30
31773484-4	2020	Complex 1 containing alanine inhibited the cell viability of A549 and K562 tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by an increased number of Annexin V-positive cells and the induction of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest.	Alanine	21-28	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	149-158
32817109-6	2020	Second, we generated strains containing ACE2 alleles with alanine mutations at the Cbk1 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	58-65	DNA-binding transcription factor ACE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	40-44
32128251-5	2020	Mutagenesis analysis revealed that single mutations of either Phe1014 or Tyr1096 of AFF4 to alanine impair the formation of the AFF4 dimer.	Alanine	92-99	AF4/FMR2 family member 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
32128251-5	2020	Mutagenesis analysis revealed that single mutations of either Phe1014 or Tyr1096 of AFF4 to alanine impair the formation of the AFF4 dimer.	Alanine	92-99	AF4/FMR2 family member 4	Homo sapiens	128-132
31765670-5	2020	Since knockdown of PRMT5 expression or forced expression of HSP90A with alanine replacement of R345 or R386 induced apoptosis with the degradation of client proteins in NDRG2low ATL-related and other cancer cells, we here identified that the novel arginine methylations of HSP90A are essential for maintenance of its function in NDRG2low ATL and other cancer cells.	Alanine	72-79	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
31851588-6	2020	Therefore, we analyzed nonphosphorylatable Sec16 mutants, in which all identified phosphorylation sites are substituted with Ala.	Alanine	125-128	Sec16p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
31745591-5	2020	METHODS: Herein in this work, we firstly confirmed the inhibitory activity of hPRDX5 on the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 based on the previous observation, subsequently, in silico proteolysis and rational design (such as alanine scanning mutagenesis and truncation) were used to automate the design of new peptides derived from hPRDX5 with anti-tumour activity.	Alanine	217-224	peroxiredoxin 5	Homo sapiens	78-84
31745591-5	2020	METHODS: Herein in this work, we firstly confirmed the inhibitory activity of hPRDX5 on the binding of PD-L1 to PD-1 based on the previous observation, subsequently, in silico proteolysis and rational design (such as alanine scanning mutagenesis and truncation) were used to automate the design of new peptides derived from hPRDX5 with anti-tumour activity.	Alanine	217-224	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-108
7670372-1	1995	We used sequence and structural comparisons to determine the fold for eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase, which we found is related to alanine racemase.	Alanine	135-142	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	81-104
32222985-5	2020	Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively.	Alanine	33-40	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	44-52
32493819-5	2020	Alanine scanning mutagenesis indicated that amino acid residues 15-21 at the N-terminal region of the FMDV 3A are responsible for the interaction between 3A and vimentin.	Alanine	0-7	vimentin	Homo sapiens	161-169
8586612-1	1995	Serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (SPT/AGT) of rat liver is localized in both mitochondria and peroxisomes.	Alanine	16-23	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
32718002-0	2020	Glutaminase Inhibition on NSCLC Depends on Extracellular Alanine Exploitation.	Alanine	57-64	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	0-11
7602770-1	1995	Alanine aminotransferase (Alt, L-alanine:2-oxoglutalate aminotransferase) is a pyridoxal enzyme which catalyses the reversible interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate.	Alanine	31-40	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
32560560-5	2020	The importance of representative basic amino acids and their combinations from both peptides for the binding of endogenous TRPM4 modulators was proved using point alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	163-170	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
7602770-1	1995	Alanine aminotransferase (Alt, L-alanine:2-oxoglutalate aminotransferase) is a pyridoxal enzyme which catalyses the reversible interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate.	Alanine	146-155	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-24
7731985-7	1995	In contrast, replacement of leucine residues of the helical domain (residues 20, 22, 23, and 26) by alanine eliminated virion incorporation function of Vpr.	Alanine	100-107	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	152-155
7742363-8	1995	A triple Ser--&gt;Ala mutant form of yeast eIF-2 alpha was found to be no longer phosphorylated by either of the yeast (or mammalian) casein kinase activities in vitro.	Alanine	18-21	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	43-48
7698331-10	1995	Mutagenesis of Asp126 of the human ETA receptor to alanine resulted in an unaltered affinity for ET-1, a 160-fold increase in ET-3 affinity and a decrease in affinity for the ETA selective naphthalenesulfonamide, BMS-182874.	Alanine	51-58	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	35-38
32617526-6	2020	In addition, molecular dynamics modeling suggested that hydrophobic amino acid residues (Phe 111, Leu 10, Ala 115, Pro 116) in pepsin and polar amino acid residues (Tyr 146, Thr 95) in myoglobin were found in the proximity of binding sites, which could result in the low digestibility of myoglobin.	Alanine	106-109	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	185-194
7698331-10	1995	Mutagenesis of Asp126 of the human ETA receptor to alanine resulted in an unaltered affinity for ET-1, a 160-fold increase in ET-3 affinity and a decrease in affinity for the ETA selective naphthalenesulfonamide, BMS-182874.	Alanine	51-58	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	175-178
7852381-0	1995	Mapping of an NH2-terminal ligand binding site of the insulin receptor by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	74-81	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	54-70
32329228-4	2020	Multiple Ala mutations at positions 81 and 82 in addition to position 80 facilitated dimerization of Mb by stabilization of the dimeric states.	Alanine	9-12	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	101-103
7852381-3	1995	Alanine mutant cDNAs encoding a secreted recombinant insulin receptor extracellular domain were expressed transiently in adenovirus transformed human embryonic kidney cells and the affinity of the expressed receptor for insulin was determined.	Alanine	0-7	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	53-69
7836909-7	1995	By contrast, binding to DR1, but not DR17 is strongly improved after introduction of the DR1-specific contact site alanine at P6.	Alanine	115-122	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
32208217-6	2020	At higher doses above 20 mg/L, more Ala transformed to Alb and Alc.	Alanine	36-39	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	63-66
7840619-6	1995	In combination, the above findings indicate that PLP interacts with the tricarboxylate transporter at a site(s) (i.e., a lysine residue(s) and/or the amino-terminal alanine residue) that is important in the translocation mechanism and may reside within or near the substrate binding site.	Alanine	165-172	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	49-52
32430123-6	2020	Through 180 days aging, both monomeric Al (Ala) and polymeric Al (Alb) substantially transform into colloidal Al (Alc) and precipitated for both PACl coagulants.	Alanine	39-41	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	114-117
7814426-6	1995	Alanine substitution at position Asp134 or Ser136 in beta 2 produced a complete loss in the capacity of both alpha L beta 2 and alpha M beta 2 to support cell adhesion.	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	117-123
7615398-2	1995	Both involve an alanine residue in the core peptide, namely Ala-->Val at position 111 (codon change in the alpha 2 gene; GCC->GTC; Hb Anamosa) and Ala-->Ser at position 123 (codon change in the alpha 1 gene; GCC-->TCC; Hb Mulhacen).	Alanine	16-23	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	208-211
32407333-1	2020	Serum activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are used as gold standard biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular injury.	Alanine	20-27	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	61-64
7982984-5	1994	Consistent with this, p75LNTR in which the juxtamembrane cysteine present at position 279 is substituted with alanine is expressed but cannot be metabolically labeled with [3H]palmitic acid.	Alanine	110-117	nerve growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
32478258-8	2020	A central alanine-to-lysine substitution in each hydrophobic fragment completely eliminated the peptides" amyloidogenic property, and alanine-to-lysine substitutions at corresponding sites in full-length alpha-synuclein also decreased the protein"s amyloidogenic potency.	Alanine	134-141	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	204-219
31805321-3	2020	Results showed that PSP pretreatment significantly antagonized the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triacylglycerides, and hepatic malondialdehyde levels; elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities and hepatic glutathione levels; and suppressed the levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	86-93	persephin	Mus musculus	20-23
7957082-6	1994	Alanine substitutions in the region Tyr365-Ile368 in beta c showed that Tyr365, His367 and Ile368 were required for GM-CSF and IL-5 high affinity binding, whereas Glu366 was unimportant.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	127-131
32054416-5	2020	Alanine scanning of CTLA-4 using mammalian cell expression cassette identified the unique epitopes of this novel antibody.	Alanine	0-7	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
31668005-6	2019	MS-275 dramatically reduces sarcoma metastasis in vivo, but an MS-275-resistant YB-1K81-to-alanine mutant restores metastatic capacity and NRF2, HIF1alpha, and G3BP1 synthesis in MS-275-treated mice.	Alanine	91-98	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	145-154
32081808-4	2020	The predicted protein of On-DDX41 contains several structural features known in DDX41, including conserved DEADc and HELICc domains, and a conserved sequence "Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D)".	Alanine	167-170	probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41	Oreochromis niloticus	28-33
31668005-6	2019	MS-275 dramatically reduces sarcoma metastasis in vivo, but an MS-275-resistant YB-1K81-to-alanine mutant restores metastatic capacity and NRF2, HIF1alpha, and G3BP1 synthesis in MS-275-treated mice.	Alanine	91-98	GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	160-165
7929346-8	1994	When the alanine pair was introduced into the juxtamembrane domain of the intact insulin receptor and the mutant receptor expressed in NIH-3T3 cells, we found that the mutation did not impair insulin binding or receptor tyrosine kinase activity.	Alanine	9-16	insulin receptor	Mus musculus	81-97
32113649-3	2020	In IWC-I, the mutations lead to replacement of glycine/serine-rich keratin 10 (K10) tail with arginine- or alanine-rich frameshift motifs, causing K10 mis-localization which might trigger loss of the mutant KRT10 allele via mitotic recombination, leading to genetic reversion.	Alanine	107-114	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	147-150
32059997-1	2020	The inappropriate over-activation of the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)-STE20/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)-sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) phosphorylation cascade increases sodium reabsorption in distal kidney nephrons, resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension.	Alanine	96-103	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	117-121
7876347-4	1994	Bacterially expressed p40MO15 was phosphorylated mainly on serine 170 (a p34cdc2 phosphorylation site) by mitotic cell extracts, but mutation of S170 to alanine did not affect the activation of p40MO15, whereas mutation of T176 (the equivalent site to T161/T160 in p34cdc2/p33cdk2) abolished the activation of P40MO15.	Alanine	153-160	cyclin-dependent kinase 7 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	22-29
31830361-6	2020	The 1.38 A crystal structure of the CypA/PreNAC complex displays a contact between alanine 53 of  alpha -synuclein and glutamine 111 in the catalytic pocket of CypA.	Alanine	83-90	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	36-40
31830361-6	2020	The 1.38 A crystal structure of the CypA/PreNAC complex displays a contact between alanine 53 of  alpha -synuclein and glutamine 111 in the catalytic pocket of CypA.	Alanine	83-90	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	98-114
31775331-2	2019	In this research, we explored the frequency distribution of a missense mutation (NC_037341.1 g.616087A > G, rs135258919) in the HSF1 gene in Chinese cattle with amino acid substitution, valine to alanine.	Alanine	196-203	heat shock transcription factor 1	Bos taurus	128-132
31747602-9	2019	A tyrosine-to-alanine CD95 mutant blocks proliferation in cells in contact.	Alanine	14-21	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	22-26
8083230-9	1994	In contrast, substitution by alanine of three different serines of cPLA2 (Ser-195, Ser-215, or Ser-577) that also aligned with the PLB sequence allowed for substantial enzymatic activity of cPLA2.	Alanine	29-36	phospholamban	Homo sapiens	131-134
31229918-5	2019	The theoretical dipole moment of L-alanine is calculated at gaseous state as well as in aqueous medium by using PCM and IEFPCM model at HF, DFT/B3LYP and MP2 calculations using 6-311G* basis set.	Alanine	33-42	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	154-157
31591285-4	2019	We identified the novel gene alaE, encoding an L-alanine exporter.	Alanine	47-56	L-alanine exporter	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	29-33
31591285-8	2019	The results suggested that the efficacy of AlaE to relieve stress caused by toxic intracellular accumulation of L-alanine was higher than that of DadA.	Alanine	112-121	L-alanine exporter	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	43-47
31830361-6	2020	The 1.38 A crystal structure of the CypA/PreNAC complex displays a contact between alanine 53 of  alpha -synuclein and glutamine 111 in the catalytic pocket of CypA.	Alanine	83-90	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	160-164
31830361-7	2020	Mutation of alanine 53 to glutamate, as found in patients with early-onset PD, weakens the interaction of  alpha -synuclein with CypA.	Alanine	12-19	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	107-123
31830361-7	2020	Mutation of alanine 53 to glutamate, as found in patients with early-onset PD, weakens the interaction of  alpha -synuclein with CypA.	Alanine	12-19	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	129-133
31591285-9	2019	Consistent with this, the intracellular level of alanine in the alaE-mutant was much higher than that in MG1655 and the dadA-mutant.	Alanine	49-56	L-alanine exporter	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	64-68
8051088-4	1994	The purified venom mucin comprised about 85% carbohydrate and 15% protein and was rich in Thr, Ser, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, and Ala.	Alanine	124-127	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	19-24
31591285-10	2019	We, therefore, conclude that AlaE functions as a "safety-valve" to prevent the toxic level accumulation of intracellular L-alanine under a peptide-rich environment, such as within the animal intestine.	Alanine	121-130	L-alanine exporter	Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	29-33
31691683-5	2020	Gold electrodes covered with peptides consisting of 5 alanine groups (Al5) present a relative current change of up to 5 x 10-5 when the resonance condition is met, corresponding to a spin filtering efficiency between 6 and 19%.	Alanine	54-61	PAGE family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
8195218-2	1994	Mutation of S726 to Ala and expression of this mutant pIgR in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells results in a receptor in which steady-state phosphorylation is reduced to 49% of wild-type levels.	Alanine	20-23	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	54-58
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31757808-4	2020	Using coimmunoprecipitation and FRET assays, we found that DH-CBD disrupts the protein interaction between GABAAR and GlyRalpha1 R271Q Furthermore, a point mutation of GlyRalpha1, changing Ser-296 to Ala-296, which is critical for cannabinoid binding on GlyR, significantly blocked DH-CBD-induced restoration of IGABA and IGly currents.	Alanine	200-203	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	118-128
8002930-5	1994	The overall composition of the deduced amino acid sequence matched that expected for a mucin protein core and is rich in serine, threonine, proline, glycine and alanine (approximately 51%).	Alanine	161-168	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	87-92
31757808-4	2020	Using coimmunoprecipitation and FRET assays, we found that DH-CBD disrupts the protein interaction between GABAAR and GlyRalpha1 R271Q Furthermore, a point mutation of GlyRalpha1, changing Ser-296 to Ala-296, which is critical for cannabinoid binding on GlyR, significantly blocked DH-CBD-induced restoration of IGABA and IGly currents.	Alanine	200-203	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	168-178
31743248-3	2019	OPMD is caused by a short expansion of the alanine repeat (GCN trinucleotide) in the poly(adenylate)-binding protein nuclear1 (PABPN1) gene.	Alanine	43-50	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	85-125
31743248-3	2019	OPMD is caused by a short expansion of the alanine repeat (GCN trinucleotide) in the poly(adenylate)-binding protein nuclear1 (PABPN1) gene.	Alanine	43-50	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	127-133
31140754-1	2019	Although having shown promising clinical outcomes, the effectiveness of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and glioblastoma remains to be improved.	Alanine	122-125	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	160-163
31140754-3	2019	In this in vitro study, the influence of methadone to the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for SCC (FADU) and glioblastoma (A172) was investigated on the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, survival rates, apoptosis, and cell cycle phase, each with or without the presence of methadone.	Alanine	75-78	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
31140754-7	2019	This study demonstrates the potential of methadone to influence the cytotoxic effect of ALA-PDT for both SCC and glioblastoma cell lines.	Alanine	88-91	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	105-108
30961929-4	2019	In order to identify phosphorylation site(s) we used site-directed mutagenesis to obtain several DHFR mutants with predicted CK2-phosphorylable serine or threonine residues substituted with alanines.	Alanine	190-198	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	97-101
7513946-6	1994	Patient 3 was heterozygous for an A-to-C substitution at codon 543, changing an encoded aspartate (GAC) to alanine (GCC); the PFK-M gene on the other allele was not expressed, but sequencing of the reported regulatory region of the gene did not reveal any mutation.	Alanine	107-114	guanylate cyclase 2C	Homo sapiens	116-119
30910359-9	2019	Mutation of both serine residues to alanine interfered with the inhibitory effect of MST2 and SAV1 on the transcriptional activity of Runx2 and osteoblast differentiation induced by Runx2.	Alanine	36-43	salvador family WW domain containing 1	Mus musculus	94-98
30910359-9	2019	Mutation of both serine residues to alanine interfered with the inhibitory effect of MST2 and SAV1 on the transcriptional activity of Runx2 and osteoblast differentiation induced by Runx2.	Alanine	36-43	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	134-139
30910359-9	2019	Mutation of both serine residues to alanine interfered with the inhibitory effect of MST2 and SAV1 on the transcriptional activity of Runx2 and osteoblast differentiation induced by Runx2.	Alanine	36-43	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	182-187
30824539-2	2019	To investigate the exocyst functions, here we exchanged proline for alanine in the highly conserved VXPX ciliary targeting motif of EXOC5 (exocyst complex component 5), a central exocyst gene/protein, and generated stable EXOC5 ciliary targeting sequence-mutated (EXOC5CTS-m) Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.	Alanine	68-75	exocyst complex component 5	Canis lupus familiaris	132-137
30824539-2	2019	To investigate the exocyst functions, here we exchanged proline for alanine in the highly conserved VXPX ciliary targeting motif of EXOC5 (exocyst complex component 5), a central exocyst gene/protein, and generated stable EXOC5 ciliary targeting sequence-mutated (EXOC5CTS-m) Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.	Alanine	68-75	exocyst complex component 5	Canis lupus familiaris	139-166
31670516-6	2019	We mutated Ser233 and Thr234 in the USF1 bHLHZ loop to Ala to generate S233A and T234A.	Alanine	55-58	upstream transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
31602497-5	2019	The observed renal injury was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic measurements, where a consistent Trp53 genotype-dependent trend was observed for urinary metabolites that indicate aminoaciduria (i.e. alanine), lactic aciduria (i.e. lactate) and glycosuria (i.e. glucose).	Alanine	229-236	transformation related protein 53	Mus musculus	127-132
8175640-2	1994	Based on a computer-built three-dimensional model of the ETA receptor, five non-conserved amino acids, clustered around the putative ligand binding site, were targeted for mutation to alanine.	Alanine	184-191	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	57-60
30918126-5	2019	Phosphorylation of YAP1 is crucial for this signaling process because a YAP1 mutant harboring alanine substitutions (Mt-YAP5SA) in LATS1 kinase recognition sites not only resists degradation but also rescues YAP1 transcriptional activity in BRCA1-deficient cells.	Alanine	94-101	large tumor suppressor kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-136
8175640-3	1994	Expression of the wild-type and mutant ETA receptors in COS-7 cells revealed that the binding profile of one of the ETA mutants, Tyr129--&gt;Ala, was characteristic of the ETB receptor.	Alanine	141-144	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	39-42
30959964-7	2019	We demonstrate that ANXA2 via its reactive Cys-8 residue, binds to PTEN and that the co-expression of PTEN and ANXA2, but not ANXA2 Cys-8-Ala mutant, inhibits AKT phosphorylation on Ser 473.	Alanine	138-141	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	102-106
30894671-8	2019	Moreover, abnormal accumulation of PABPN1 on the inner membrane of mitochondria and reduced expression of OXPHOS complexes were detected in the muscle fibers of the transgenic mice expressing expanded human PABPN1 with a 13-alanine stretch.	Alanine	224-231	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	207-213
8175640-3	1994	Expression of the wild-type and mutant ETA receptors in COS-7 cells revealed that the binding profile of one of the ETA mutants, Tyr129--&gt;Ala, was characteristic of the ETB receptor.	Alanine	141-144	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	116-119
8161501-2	1994	The mutant peptide, called PAPA, has both proline residues from the wild-type sequence replaced with alanines.	Alanine	101-109	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
31343737-6	2019	RARA Arg276 residue is functionally important, as it was previously shown that its substitution for Ala or Gln causes a 50- or 21-fold impairment of RA binding, respectively.	Alanine	100-103	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
30940083-2	2019	In the present study, we described the role of Alanine racemase (alr-2) in the virulence of A. hydrophila using an alr-2 knockout mutant (A.H.Deltaalr).	Alanine	47-54	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	65-70
30940083-2	2019	In the present study, we described the role of Alanine racemase (alr-2) in the virulence of A. hydrophila using an alr-2 knockout mutant (A.H.Deltaalr).	Alanine	47-54	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	115-120
8147927-2	1994	METHODS: TAP2 polymorphic residues at 3 sites, Val/Ile-379, Ala/Thr-565, and Ala/Thr-665, were characterized by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction in 185 RA patients and 48 HLA-DR4 positive healthy controls.	Alanine	60-63	transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member	Homo sapiens	9-13
30616063-5	2019	An unknown peak was detected and identified as being B30-des-Alanine-insulin which was also confirmed by microTOF direct infusion and specific digestion with bovine carboxypeptidase A.	Alanine	61-68	insulin	Bos taurus	69-76
8289785-5	1994	Both Gly and Ala, substituted at PET54 position 244, disrupted the two-hybrid interactions with PET122 and PET494.	Alanine	13-16	Pet122p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-102
31340988-5	2019	AtoG polymorphism at position +49 of CTLA4 gene is the only polymorphism which changes amino acid sequence from alanine to threonine in the leader sequence, which may affect the function of CTLA-4.	Alanine	112-119	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
8289785-5	1994	Both Gly and Ala, substituted at PET54 position 244, disrupted the two-hybrid interactions with PET122 and PET494.	Alanine	13-16	Pet494p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	107-113
31340988-5	2019	AtoG polymorphism at position +49 of CTLA4 gene is the only polymorphism which changes amino acid sequence from alanine to threonine in the leader sequence, which may affect the function of CTLA-4.	Alanine	112-119	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	190-196
8204364-3	1994	MCF7 cells compared to normal kidney carry a C--&gt;T transition at position 224 in the cathepsin D gene which converts Ala to valine in its pro-fragment.	Alanine	120-123	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	88-99
31527837-5	2019	KAT2A selectively acetylates H2A.Z.1 versus H2A.Z.2 in vitro on several well-defined lysines and we unveiled that alanine-14 in H2A.Z.2 is responsible for inhibiting the activity of KAT2A.	Alanine	114-121	H2A.Z variant histone 1	Homo sapiens	29-36
31635840-4	2019	The results showed that after intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 solution, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Albumin (ALB) in peripheral blood of experimental canines confirmed the correct induction of acute liver injury.	Alanine	122-129	albumin	Canis lupus familiaris	166-169
30568170-6	2019	We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850.	Alanine	107-114	receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1	Mus musculus	61-65
30568170-6	2019	We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850.	Alanine	107-114	receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1	Mus musculus	173-177
7854984-0	1994	Synthesis and biological evaluation of alpha-MSH analogues substituted with alanine.	Alanine	76-83	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	39-48
30569920-1	2019	In this paper, the d/l-AP5-interfaces are firstly fabricated by attaching d-alanine-pillar[5]arene and l-alanine-pillar[5]arene (d/l-AP5) onto the gold surface, and they exhibit a significantly different chiral influence on the morphology and the adsorption quantity of the adsorbed ctDNA molecules.	Alanine	103-112	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
30569920-1	2019	In this paper, the d/l-AP5-interfaces are firstly fabricated by attaching d-alanine-pillar[5]arene and l-alanine-pillar[5]arene (d/l-AP5) onto the gold surface, and they exhibit a significantly different chiral influence on the morphology and the adsorption quantity of the adsorbed ctDNA molecules.	Alanine	103-112	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
30497781-9	2019	Through additional alanine scanning, we further identified that S239, S247, S254, S266, S376, S554 and S555 on full length Dsh were phosphorylated by ULK1.	Alanine	19-26	dishevelled	Drosophila melanogaster	123-126
30266825-5	2018	The phospho-acceptor serine residues in MAP1S, CEP131 and DLG5 lie in the motif RPXSA, although CDKL5 can tolerate residues other than Ala immediately C-terminal to the phospho-acceptor serine.	Alanine	135-138	cyclin dependent kinase like 5	Homo sapiens	96-101
30282806-5	2018	Here, we assessed the effects of defined MOG1 deletions and alanine-scanning substitutions on MOG1"s interaction with Nav1.5.	Alanine	60-67	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	118-124
31391231-7	2019	Mutation of Phe243 to Asp/Ala and Asp246 to Ala in 243FEVD246 altered the cleavage preference of CsCASP1, 3, and 7.	Alanine	26-29	caspase-3	Cynoglossus semilaevis	97-114
31398828-5	2019	The protease side-activities mainly acted on the hydrophobic C-terminus of beta-CN at Ala, Pro, Ile, Phe, Leu, Lys, Gln, and Tyr positions, resulting in the formation of peptides, some of which were N-terminal glycated or potentially bitter.	Alanine	86-89	apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer 1	Homo sapiens	75-82
7854984-1	1994	The influence of single amino acid replacements by alanine on the binding affinity and biological activity of alpha-MSH in B16 murine melanoma cells has been studied systematically.	Alanine	51-58	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	110-119
30249793-4	2018	Here, we generated a knock-in mouse line in which the seven regulatory serine and threonine residues in the KHD of Npr2 were substituted by alanine (Npr2-7A), resulting in a nonphosphorylatable enzyme.	Alanine	140-147	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Mus musculus	115-119
30249793-4	2018	Here, we generated a knock-in mouse line in which the seven regulatory serine and threonine residues in the KHD of Npr2 were substituted by alanine (Npr2-7A), resulting in a nonphosphorylatable enzyme.	Alanine	140-147	natriuretic peptide receptor 2	Mus musculus	149-153
8251481-3	1993	Alanine substitutions at helical sites in myoglobin show no correlation with the helical propensity of the side chains involved.	Alanine	0-7	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	42-51
30150481-0	2018	Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the MEDI4893 (Suvratoxumab) Epitope Reduces Alpha Toxin Lytic Activity In Vitro and Staphylococcus aureus Fitness in Infection Models.	Alanine	0-7	AT695_RS01930	Staphylococcus aureus	82-87
31388182-6	2019	Here, we evaluate Igf2r specific loss-of-function of the domain-11 IGF2 binding site by replacing isoleucine with alanine in the CD loop (exon 34, I1565A), a mutation also detected in cancers.	Alanine	114-121	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	18-23
31388182-6	2019	Here, we evaluate Igf2r specific loss-of-function of the domain-11 IGF2 binding site by replacing isoleucine with alanine in the CD loop (exon 34, I1565A), a mutation also detected in cancers.	Alanine	114-121	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
8227042-6	1993	The use of mutants in which either or both of these residues were replaced with alanines revealed that phosphorylation of Ser-350, located within the "A box," a motif necessary for DNA binding by NGFI-B, resulted in a decrease in binding to the NGFI-B response element, while phosphorylation of Ser-340 had little or no effect.	Alanine	80-88	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-202
31016558-8	2019	RESULTS: We identified phosphorylated serine-246 in the C terminus of CD147 in primary HCC tissues, whereas serine to alanine substitution mutation analysis suggested that CD147 is phosphorylated mainly at serine-252 in HCC-derived Huh-7 cells.	Alanine	118-125	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	172-177
8227042-6	1993	The use of mutants in which either or both of these residues were replaced with alanines revealed that phosphorylation of Ser-350, located within the "A box," a motif necessary for DNA binding by NGFI-B, resulted in a decrease in binding to the NGFI-B response element, while phosphorylation of Ser-340 had little or no effect.	Alanine	80-88	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-251
30355670-5	2018	Alanine substitutions were made within the conserved interaction regions (IR) of LexA-Grf10 and Grf10 to investigate roles in transcription.	Alanine	0-7	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-91
8285630-1	1993	The role of Ser-235 in the catalytic mechanism of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase has been explored by the study of a mutant enzyme in which Ser-235 has been substituted by alanine (Ala-235 mutant enzyme).	Alanine	175-178	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	54-74
30355670-5	2018	Alanine substitutions were made within the conserved interaction regions (IR) of LexA-Grf10 and Grf10 to investigate roles in transcription.	Alanine	0-7	Pho2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-101
31328154-5	2019	Mechanistically, inhibition of alanine transaminases restored glial differentiation in an mTOR-dependent manner, while increased alanine level directly inhibited the glial commitment of neural crest cells.	Alanine	31-38	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	90-94
8408219-8	1993	The secondary structure predicted from its sequence indicates two domains connected by a putative hinge region rich in proline and alanine (PAPA region).	Alanine	131-138	pappalysin 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
31333491-5	2019	Kinetic analyses in the S-(+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol (s-tetralol) catalyzed by AKR1C1 in the presence of the inhibitors suggest that liquiritin is a competitive inhibitor by targeting the residues Ala-27, Val-29, Ala-25, and Asn-56 of AKR1C1.	Alanine	204-207	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	86-92
31333491-5	2019	Kinetic analyses in the S-(+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol (s-tetralol) catalyzed by AKR1C1 in the presence of the inhibitors suggest that liquiritin is a competitive inhibitor by targeting the residues Ala-27, Val-29, Ala-25, and Asn-56 of AKR1C1.	Alanine	220-223	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	86-92
30291234-3	2018	Among them, CDPS DmtB1, encoded by the gene of dmt1 locus, can synthesize cyclo(L-Trp-L-Xaa) (with Xaa being Val, Pro, Leu, Ile, or Ala).	Alanine	132-135	doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
8396662-7	1993	The second, at codon 523 of the mature gB protein, encodes a valine in KOS and an alanine in ANG.	Alanine	82-89	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	93-96
30004626-6	2018	In addition, by changing the first amino acid of the PWWP domain from proline to alanine, the type of PWWP domain changed from P- to A-type, resulting in inability to induce SREBP-1-mediated gene transcription.	Alanine	81-88	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	174-181
30948508-7	2019	NACA Ser/Thr-to-alanine variants displayed increased nuclear localization, and NACA dephosphorylation was associated with specific recruitment of novel NACA interactants, such as basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) and its homolog BTF3L4.	Alanine	16-23	basic transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	179-207
8370388-13	1993	Peptide mapping studies showed that chymotrypsin and elastase cleaved immunoprecipitated CD23 near the same site by which 37-kDa s-CD23 is released (Ala 80).	Alanine	149-152	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	89-93
31040778-7	2019	To establish the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of JZTX-V on Kv4.2, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of Kv4.2 and JZTX-V and assessed the effects of the mutations on binding activities of the proteins.	Alanine	103-110	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
29936232-2	2018	From patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with distinct atypical clinical phenotypes, we recently identified two new mutations on the same codon, in position 363 of the MAPT gene, which resulted in the production of Val-to-Ala (tauV363A) or Val-to-Ile (tauV363I) mutated tau.	Alanine	234-237	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	180-184
29936232-2	2018	From patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with distinct atypical clinical phenotypes, we recently identified two new mutations on the same codon, in position 363 of the MAPT gene, which resulted in the production of Val-to-Ala (tauV363A) or Val-to-Ile (tauV363I) mutated tau.	Alanine	234-237	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	239-242
8370388-13	1993	Peptide mapping studies showed that chymotrypsin and elastase cleaved immunoprecipitated CD23 near the same site by which 37-kDa s-CD23 is released (Ala 80).	Alanine	149-152	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	129-135
30120231-7	2018	Further in vitro proteolysis and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a similar substrate cleavage pattern between the bacterial and human Lon variants, which was exemplified by predominant representation of leucine, alanine, and other hydrophobic amino acids at the P(-1) site within the substrates.	Alanine	216-223	lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	138-141
7901387-0	1993	Effects of two substituted hydrazine monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on neurotransmitter amines, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and alanine in rat brain.	Alanine	129-136	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
8344951-3	1993	Lys517 was protected from reductive methylation in the presence of substrate, but not in its absence, and the specific and nonspecific association constants for substrate binding by Phr1 (Lys517--&gt;Ala) were decreased 10-fold.	Alanine	200-203	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	182-186
29998677-7	2018	The main role of Alc formed by hydrolysis of Ala is bridging effects and sweep flocculation, which plays an important role in floc production and strength factor.	Alanine	45-48	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	17-20
30804042-4	2019	Mutation of either Y352 or F347 to alanine abrogated the association of NKAP with HDAC3, but did not alter NKAP localization or expression.	Alanine	35-42	histone deacetylase 3	Mus musculus	82-87
8344951-7	1993	Interaction with the base immediately 3" to the dimer was altered in the Phr1(Lys517--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	90-93	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	73-77
8344951-8	1993	DNA complex, whereas interactions with the phosphate and base immediately 5" to the dimer were reduced when Phr1(Arg507--&gt;Ala) bound substrate.	Alanine	125-128	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	108-112
8344951-9	1993	Multiple interactions 5" and 3" to the dimer were perturbed in complexes containing Phr1(Trp387--&gt;Ala) or Phr1(Lys463--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	101-104	deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase PHR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	84-88
30053011-5	2018	Previously, we demonstrated that the alanine and proline-rich antigen (Apa), a secretory antigen of Map, could be detected in the intestine of cows with PTB using a monoclonal antibody.	Alanine	37-44	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Bos taurus	71-74
8336952-7	1993	Contrary to what has been reported with rat embryo fibroblasts, a c-Jun derivative with serines substituted by alanines in positions 63 and 73 still transforms CEFs efficiently.	Alanine	111-119	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	66-71
30036999-4	2018	Substitution of this arginine with an alanine induced changes in thermal stability and/or intrinsic fluorescence of the related HspB1 and HspB8, but yielded only modest changes in the same biophysical properties of HspB4, HspB5, and HspB6 which together belong to another clade of vertebrate sHsps.	Alanine	38-45	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
30979053-5	2019	The transcript level of elovl6 was significantly increased in the liver of croaker fed the diets with soybean oil (enriched with 18: 2n-6, LA) or linseed oil (enriched with 18: 3n-3, ALA) than that in croaker fed the diet with fish oil (enriched with 20: 5n-3 and 22: 6n-3).	Alanine	183-186	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6	Larimichthys crocea	24-30
30979053-6	2019	Correspondingly, the elovl6 expression in croaker"s hepatocytes treated with ALA or LA was remarkably increased compared to the controls.	Alanine	77-80	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6	Larimichthys crocea	21-27
30979053-8	2019	In conclusion, this study revealed that elovl6 expression in large yellow croaker could be upregulated by dietary ALA or LA via the increased transcriptional expression of transcription factors including hnf1alpha, cebpbeta, rxralpha, and creb1.	Alanine	114-117	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6	Larimichthys crocea	40-46
8319692-7	1993	Upon cycloheximide treatment, the mutant ODC activity did not decrease appreciably for at least 3 h, whereas wild-type ODC activity decreased with a half-life of 1 h. In-vitro-synthesized mutant ODC with the Cys441--&gt;Trp (or Ala) replacement was also stable in a reticulocyte-lysate ODC-degradation system.	Alanine	228-231	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
30737278-0	2019	Cell-cell and virus-cell fusion assay-based analyses of alanine insertion mutants in the distal alpha9 portion of the JRFL gp41 subunit from HIV-1.	Alanine	56-63	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-22 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	96-102
30061906-3	2018	In the case of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana, two PGDH isozymes out of three are inhibited by L-serine and activated by L-alanine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-homoserine, and L-homocysteine, suggesting a more complicated regulatory mechanism of L-serine biosynthesis in A. thaliana than in bacteria.	Alanine	130-139	D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
30737278-4	2019	Here, we used R5-tropic JRFL Env and constructed six alanine insertion mutants, 641+A to 646+A, in the further distal portion of alpha9 where several glutamine residues are conserved (the number corresponds to the position of the inserted alanine in JRFL Env).	Alanine	53-60	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-22 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	129-135
8390680-4	1993	On this basis, Gly933 and Pro934 within the TM domain of the intact human insulin receptor were mutated to Ala (G--&gt;A, P--&gt;A, GP--&gt;AA) to assess effects of altered helicity on receptor functions.	Alanine	107-110	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	74-90
30737278-4	2019	Here, we used R5-tropic JRFL Env and constructed six alanine insertion mutants, 641+A to 646+A, in the further distal portion of alpha9 where several glutamine residues are conserved (the number corresponds to the position of the inserted alanine in JRFL Env).	Alanine	239-246	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-22 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	129-135
30379418-6	2019	[-1A]TIMP-3 has an extra alanine at the N-terminus that selectively inhibits ADAMTS but not MMPs.	Alanine	25-32	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3	Mus musculus	5-11
29772612-1	2018	We have studied a series of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and ACC2 proteins with deletions and/or Ser to Ala substitutions of the known phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	112-115	acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta	Homo sapiens	69-73
29431281-10	2018	Fibroblasts cocultured with low-dose ALA-PDT-treated keratinocytes also showed activation of the TGF-beta pathway.	Alanine	37-40	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	97-105
8504753-4	1993	We used site-directed mutagenesis to construct expression vectors for the conservative P450c17 mutations Ser106--&gt;Thr and Ser106--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	137-140	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	87-94
29431281-12	2018	This study suggests that low-dose ALA-PDT can stimulate keratinocytes to release TGF-beta1, activating the TGF-beta pathway in dermal fibroblasts to remodel collagen in the dermis.	Alanine	34-37	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	81-89
29765542-4	2018	However, substitution mutation (Arginine and Lysine to Alanine) in the D-box elements of SMAR1 viz.	Alanine	55-62	BTG3 associated nuclear protein	Mus musculus	89-94
30225569-6	2019	Secondary structure of RbfA have KH-domain fold topology with betaalphaalphabeta subunit which is characterized by a helix-kink-helix motif in which the GxxG sequence is replaced by a conserved AxG sequence, where an Ala residue at position 70 forming an interhelical kink.	Alanine	217-220	AT695_RS11300	Staphylococcus aureus	23-27
8502548-2	1993	According to the X-ray structure, alanine -14 of the basic region of GCN4 (we define the first leucine of the leucine zipper as +1) makes a hydrophobic contact to the methyl group of the thymine next to the center of the GCN4 binding site 5" ATGACTCAT 3".	Alanine	34-41	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
29229685-2	2018	Here, we have used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 to generate CPI-17-deficient [knockout (KO)] and threonine 38 (T38)-phospho-resistant mice [threonine mutant into alanine (TA)], and then effects of CPI-17 on vascular contractility in vitro and mean blood pressure (MBP) in vivo were investigated.	Alanine	228-235	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A	Mus musculus	126-132
8502548-2	1993	According to the X-ray structure, alanine -14 of the basic region of GCN4 (we define the first leucine of the leucine zipper as +1) makes a hydrophobic contact to the methyl group of the thymine next to the center of the GCN4 binding site 5" ATGACTCAT 3".	Alanine	34-41	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	221-225
8502548-4	1993	Substitution of alanine -14 of GCN4 by either asparagine or cysteine changes the DNA binding specificity.	Alanine	16-23	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
30511276-4	2019	Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the elastin-derived valine-glycine-valine-alanine-proline-glycine (VGVAPG) peptide on Ppargamma and beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) expression in mouse cortical astrocytes in vitro.	Alanine	108-115	elastin	Mus musculus	70-77
8479902-9	1993	The other region of BTEB2 is notably rich in proline, serine, threonine, and alanine residues.	Alanine	77-84	Kruppel-like factor 5	Mus musculus	20-25
30511276-4	2019	Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the elastin-derived valine-glycine-valine-alanine-proline-glycine (VGVAPG) peptide on Ppargamma and beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) expression in mouse cortical astrocytes in vitro.	Alanine	108-115	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	166-184
30745530-6	2019	Importantly, transfection of a paxillin construct harboring a Ser to Ala mutation causes FA complex disassembly and greatly inhibits fibroblast activation.	Alanine	69-72	paxillin	Homo sapiens	31-39
29440552-2	2018	From analysis of newly identified human hyperekplexia mutations in the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha1 subunit, we found that an alanine-to-proline missense mutation (A384P) resulted in substantially higher desensitization level and lower agonist sensitivity of homomeric alpha1 GlyRs when expressed in HEK cells.	Alanine	128-135	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	71-101
29440552-2	2018	From analysis of newly identified human hyperekplexia mutations in the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha1 subunit, we found that an alanine-to-proline missense mutation (A384P) resulted in substantially higher desensitization level and lower agonist sensitivity of homomeric alpha1 GlyRs when expressed in HEK cells.	Alanine	128-135	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	271-283
29284690-12	2018	Finally, Ala mutation of PINK1 at Ser495 partially suppressed AMPKalpha2 overexpression-induced mitophagy and improvement of mitochondrial function in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes, whereas Asp (phosphorylation mimic) mutation promoted mitophagy after phenylephrine stimulation.	Alanine	9-12	PTEN induced putative kinase 1	Mus musculus	25-30
8381833-1	1993	Microvariation within the DR1 Ag family has created two DR molecules which differ only at beta-chain residues 85 (Val/Ala) and 86 (Gly/Val).	Alanine	118-121	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
29361525-7	2018	JNK1 (also known as MAPK8) phosphorylates Net1A on serine 52, and alanine substitution at this site prevents Net1A relocalization caused by EGF or JNK activation.	Alanine	66-73	neuroepithelial cell transforming 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
30871006-9	2019	The same phenotype is displayed by cells expressing TOP2A in which either of the mitotic phosphorylation sites S1213 or S1247 has been substituted by alanine.	Alanine	150-157	DNA topoisomerase II alpha	Homo sapiens	52-57
8443603-6	1993	To explore the binding requirements of the S3 and S2 subsites of cathepsin D, a series of synthetic peptides was prepared with systematic replacements at the P2 position fixing either Ile or Ala in P3.	Alanine	191-194	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	65-76
29203539-6	2018	Alanine-scanning assays suggested the absence of known human proteins sharing the key amino acid residues required for recognition by the TCR, suggesting that the TCR could be safely used in patients.	Alanine	0-7	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	163-166
8474224-1	1993	Monoclonal antibodies (TB1 & TB2), which were obtained by immunization of 24 amino acids in BALB/c mice, bound specifically to the amyloid senile plaque and amyloid-angiopathic lesions of brain tissues of patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) or with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT), and strongly reacted with the 1st part (Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp) of beta-protein.	Alanine	338-341	trophoblast specific protein alpha	Mus musculus	23-26
29066461-3	2018	In fact, the absence of SPAK activity in mice in which the activating threonine in the T loop was substituted by alanine (SPAK-KI mice) is associated with decreased blood pressure; however its consequences in metabolism have not been explored.	Alanine	113-120	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	24-28
29066461-3	2018	In fact, the absence of SPAK activity in mice in which the activating threonine in the T loop was substituted by alanine (SPAK-KI mice) is associated with decreased blood pressure; however its consequences in metabolism have not been explored.	Alanine	113-120	serine/threonine kinase 39	Mus musculus	122-126
30507007-6	2019	This work attempts to reveal the significance of specific serine residues of Msn2/4p, as possible targets of PKA, through substitution of these serine residues with alanine.	Alanine	165-172	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	77-84
30617183-9	2019	Substitutions of Ser-285 and Ser-287 with nonphosphorylatable alanine attenuated the interaction of lipin 1beta with 14-3-3beta protein, a regulatory hub that facilitates the cytoplasmic localization of phosphorylated lipin 1.	Alanine	62-69	lipin 1	Homo sapiens	100-107
1332958-5	1992	Asp to Ala mutations in extracellular loop 1, TM-4, and TM-5 did not decrease binding affinity, but an Asp to Ala mutation in TM-2 caused the affinity to decrease 8-fold.	Alanine	110-113	tropomyosin 1, alpha	Mus musculus	126-130
30414954-0	2019	Modulation of luminal L-alanine transport in proximal tubular cells of frog kidney induced by low micromolar Cd2+ concentration.	Alanine	22-31	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	109-112
30414954-3	2019	Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of peritubular acute exposure to micromolar Cd2+ concentration (2.3 mumol/L) on the rapid depolarization and the rate of slow repolarization of peritubular membrane potential difference (PD), induced by luminal application of L-alanine in proximal tubular cells of frog kidney.	Alanine	290-299	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
30414954-5	2019	Additionally, peritubular acute exposure to Cd2+ induced change in rapid depolarization of peritubular membrane PD of -53.33 +- 13.01 mV by 18.78 +- 3.31 mV (P &lt; 0.01) after luminal application of L-alanine.	Alanine	200-209	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	44-47
30414954-7	2019	In conclusion, these results suggest that peritubular acute exposure to low micromolar Cd2+ concentration decreased the rapid depolarization and the rate of slow repolarization of peritubular membrane PD induced by luminal application of L-alanine.	Alanine	238-247	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	87-90
30414954-8	2019	This is followed by reduced luminal sodium-coupled transport of L-alanine and this change may be one of the possible mechanisms involved in the early stages of Cd2+-induced nephrotoxicity.	Alanine	64-73	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	160-163
1425575-5	1992	Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of two modified LAP tail peptides, in which the single tyrosine was substituted either by phenylalanine or by alanine, revealed that the tendency to form a beta turn is reduced by 25% in the phenylalanine-containing peptide and by approximately 50% in the alanine-containing mutant peptide.	Alanine	129-136	acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	49-52
1425575-5	1992	Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of two modified LAP tail peptides, in which the single tyrosine was substituted either by phenylalanine or by alanine, revealed that the tendency to form a beta turn is reduced by 25% in the phenylalanine-containing peptide and by approximately 50% in the alanine-containing mutant peptide.	Alanine	143-150	acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal	Homo sapiens	49-52
1483038-1	1992	The characterization of human selenocysteine lyase, an enzyme that specifically catalyzes the decomposition of L-selenocysteine to L-alanine and hydrogen selenide, is described.	Alanine	131-140	selenocysteine lyase	Homo sapiens	30-50
30690801-10	2019	The novel mutation, resulting in a substitution of alanine by proline, may lead to transformation of the SPTB protein structure, which affects the binding between SPTB and ankyrin.	Alanine	51-58	spectrin beta, erythrocytic	Homo sapiens	105-109
30690801-10	2019	The novel mutation, resulting in a substitution of alanine by proline, may lead to transformation of the SPTB protein structure, which affects the binding between SPTB and ankyrin.	Alanine	51-58	spectrin beta, erythrocytic	Homo sapiens	163-167
1629229-11	1992	Thus, the protein structure in the distal pocket of myoglobin can accommodate either a large "hole" (i.e. Ala or Val) or a large side chain (i.e. Phe) at position 29 without perturbation of tertiary structure.	Alanine	106-109	myoglobin	Physeter catodon	52-61
29985713-10	2019	In conclusion, RT reduced adiposity and modulated lipid profile, whereas glutamine and alanine supplementation increased adiposity and impaired lipid profile but increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in EAT.	Alanine	87-94	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	234-239
1313575-2	1992	Peptide analogues of p30-42 containing single alanine substitutions were used in DR1-binding and T-cell proliferation assays to identify the major histocompatibility complex and TCR contact residues.	Alanine	46-53	centromere protein V	Homo sapiens	21-24
29923089-3	2019	Biochemical studies were essentially normal except for a persistent mildly elevated CSF alanine.	Alanine	88-95	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
1549559-5	1992	Moreover, the Trp-235, Ala-235, and Gln-235 derivatives differ from GCN4 in their strong discrimination against GTGACTCAC.	Alanine	23-26	amino acid starvation-responsive transcription factor GCN4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	68-72
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Alanine	72-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Alanine	72-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
1618659-3	1992	Substitution of alanine and valine for valine and glycine residues at positions 85 and 86 of the DR1 beta chain resulted in deficient T-cell stimulation as demonstrated by the requirement for higher concentrations of antigen to induce maximal levels of T-cell proliferation, induction of lower levels of proliferation at optimal antigen concentrations, and slower kinetics of formation of stimulatory peptide-DR1 complexes.	Alanine	16-23	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
30551685-4	2018	The Pro5, Gly8, Arg8, and Tyr11 were proved to be the critical residues for receptor inhibiting as the alanine (Ala) replacement led to a significant potency loss on mouse alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR.	Alanine	103-110	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	196-201
30551685-4	2018	The Pro5, Gly8, Arg8, and Tyr11 were proved to be the critical residues for receptor inhibiting as the alanine (Ala) replacement led to a significant potency loss on mouse alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR.	Alanine	112-115	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	196-201
1618659-3	1992	Substitution of alanine and valine for valine and glycine residues at positions 85 and 86 of the DR1 beta chain resulted in deficient T-cell stimulation as demonstrated by the requirement for higher concentrations of antigen to induce maximal levels of T-cell proliferation, induction of lower levels of proliferation at optimal antigen concentrations, and slower kinetics of formation of stimulatory peptide-DR1 complexes.	Alanine	16-23	down-regulator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	409-412
1532335-8	1992	None of the phosphorylations appears to be required for binding to cyclin, as indicated by the ability of the triple mutant, Ala-14, Phe-15, Ala-161, to bind cyclin.	Alanine	125-128	proliferating cell nuclear antigen S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	158-164
30532200-5	2018	Further analyses revealed that HEV ORF3 protein is palmitoylated at cysteine residues in its N-terminal region, as corroborated by 3H-palmitate labeling, the investigation of cysteine-to-alanine substitution mutants and treatment with the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP).	Alanine	187-194	hypothetical protein	Orthohepevirus A	35-39
30078216-12	2018	Alanine substitution mutation of three sites in FoxO1-enhanced FoxO1 transcriptional activity, and subsequent treatment with exogenous H2 S could not prevent HG-induced nuclear retention.	Alanine	0-7	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	48-53
1532335-8	1992	None of the phosphorylations appears to be required for binding to cyclin, as indicated by the ability of the triple mutant, Ala-14, Phe-15, Ala-161, to bind cyclin.	Alanine	141-144	proliferating cell nuclear antigen S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	158-164
30078216-12	2018	Alanine substitution mutation of three sites in FoxO1-enhanced FoxO1 transcriptional activity, and subsequent treatment with exogenous H2 S could not prevent HG-induced nuclear retention.	Alanine	0-7	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	63-68
1804109-0	1991	L-alanine transport by systems A and ASC in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from Ehrlich cells.	Alanine	0-9	steroid sulfatase	Mus musculus	37-40
29886857-8	2018	The chicken umami receptor (T1R1/T1R3) responds to amino acids such as alanine and serine (known to stimulate the umami receptor in rodents and fish).	Alanine	71-78	taste 1 receptor member 1	Gallus gallus	28-37
29964224-3	2018	Our team has reported that ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 sebocytes by mTOR-p70 S6K signaling.	Alanine	27-30	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	88-95
30467610-1	2018	Matrix metalloproteinase-7 plays a pivotal role in tumour progression and metastasis as an enzyme that can degrade the cell-matrix composition and cleave peptides between alanine and leucine in various biomolecular activation processes.	Alanine	171-178	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	0-26
30445756-5	2018	Mutation of the glutamate residue at position 295, which is a highly conserved residue located in the region of Ephexin4 required for the intermolecular interaction, to alanine (Ephexin4E295A) disrupted the intermolecular interaction and increased binding of RhoG, resulting in augmented RhoG activation.	Alanine	169-176	ras homolog family member G	Homo sapiens	259-263
30445756-5	2018	Mutation of the glutamate residue at position 295, which is a highly conserved residue located in the region of Ephexin4 required for the intermolecular interaction, to alanine (Ephexin4E295A) disrupted the intermolecular interaction and increased binding of RhoG, resulting in augmented RhoG activation.	Alanine	169-176	ras homolog family member G	Homo sapiens	288-292
30256697-3	2018	Here we analyze the role of the PKA-Msn2 signaling module using an Msn2 allele that harbors serine-to-alanine substitutions at six functionally important PKA motifs (Msn2A6) .	Alanine	102-109	stress-responsive transcriptional activator MSN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-71
30025984-1	2018	DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 41 (DDX41), a receptor belonging to DExD/H-box helicase family, acts as an intracellular DNA sensor and induces type I IFN production in mammals and fish.	Alanine	14-17	DEAD-box helicase 41	Homo sapiens	43-48
30154231-0	2018	Tsc3 regulates SPT amino acid choice in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by promoting alanine in the sphingolipid pathway.	Alanine	78-85	Tsc3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
30154231-6	2018	We identified the Tsc3 subunit of SPT as a regulator of amino acid substrate selectivity by demonstrating its primary function in promoting alanine utilization by SPT and confirmed its requirement for the inhibitory effect of alanine on SPT utilization of serine.	Alanine	140-147	Tsc3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-22
30154231-6	2018	We identified the Tsc3 subunit of SPT as a regulator of amino acid substrate selectivity by demonstrating its primary function in promoting alanine utilization by SPT and confirmed its requirement for the inhibitory effect of alanine on SPT utilization of serine.	Alanine	226-233	Tsc3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-22
30224498-3	2018	To address this issue, we created knock-in mice in which threonines 906 and 1007 within KCC2 have been mutated to alanines (KCC2-T906A/T1007A), which prevents its phospho-dependent inactivation.	Alanine	114-122	solute carrier family 12, member 5	Mus musculus	124-128
30113297-4	2018	Here, to clarify the precise requirement of GP131, one of the GPCMV Pentamer components, for the infection of epithelial cells and macrophages, we prepared several mutants with a charged amino acid-to-alanine alteration in GP131 and found some differences in the effects of the mutations on the infection of the two cell types, suggesting the existence of cell type-dependent recognition or function of Pentamer in GPCMV infection.	Alanine	201-208	GP131	Caviid betaherpesvirus 2	44-49
29964014-1	2018	Alanine racemase is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of l-alanine to d-alanine.	Alanine	112-121	alanine racemase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	0-16
30131371-4	2018	We showed that an alanine mutant of the highly conserved residue tyrosine 219 (Y219A) in transmembrane domain five of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) was incapable of beta-arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization, and beta-arrestin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas it retained the ability to signal through G protein.	Alanine	18-25	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	149-156
29959227-8	2018	Furthermore, we identified serine 166 as a Yaf2 phosphorylation site, and we demonstrate that mutation of this site to alanine (S166A) compromises Ring1B-mediated H2A monoubiquitination and in turn its ability to repress target gene expression.	Alanine	119-126	ring finger protein 2	Mus musculus	147-153
29678828-5	2018	We introduced single amino acid substitutions of proline (P) to alanine (A) in the ROR1-PRD at potential binding sites for the Src-homology 3 domain of DOCK2.	Alanine	64-71	receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1	Mus musculus	83-87
29661693-9	2018	To define the functional implications of this phosphorylation, we showed that CRISPR/Cas9 engineered cells expressing wild type beta3AR exhibited beta3AR phosphorylation by ERK2 and enhanced lipolysis, but this was not seen when serine 247 of beta3AR was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	266-273	adrenergic receptor, beta 3	Mus musculus	128-135
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	Sm-like protein LSM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	RNA-binding protein LSM5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	Sm-like protein LSM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	215-219
29467225-5	2018	Alanine substitution or deletion of these motifs abrogated the TMEPAI complex formation with NEDD4, resulting in failed c-Maf degradation.	Alanine	0-7	NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	93-98
29642034-7	2018	An alanine at position 164 of cTnI is conserved in all mammals, with the exception of the platypus, which expresses a proline.	Alanine	3-10	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
29335521-7	2018	The proteasome-dependent degradation of CDK4 was accelerated by disrupting the interaction of PFKFB3 with CDK4 by mutating lysine (147) to alanine.	Alanine	139-146	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	94-100
29309850-11	2018	It was observed that the expression of cleaved- caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 proteins in A375 cells and A431 cells gradually increased in 2 h and 4 h but decreased at 4-6 h and 6-8 h after ALA-PDT, respectively.	Alanine	195-198	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	73-82
29440413-3	2018	Mutant T cells expressing ZAP-70 with an alanine substitution at this residue (ZAP-70T293A) had enhanced TCR proximal signaling and increased effector responses.	Alanine	41-48	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	105-108
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
29420634-7	2018	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, we further identify the 70s loop as an important exosite for the activation of the physiological uPA substrate plasminogen.	Alanine	6-13	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Mus musculus	133-136
29108454-4	2018	Replacement of the serine/threonine residues with alanine generated PTEN-4A, a phosphorylation-deficient PTEN mutant, which suppressed lung cancer cell proliferation and migration.	Alanine	50-57	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	68-72
29698889-5	2018	NEIL1 mutant having the substitution of Lys 296-298 with neutral Ala loses nuclear localization, whereas Lys &gt; Arg substitution (in 3KR mutant) at the same sites does not affect NEIL1"s nuclear localization or chromatin binding, presumably due to retention of the positive charge.	Alanine	65-68	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
29445441-7	2017	There was a deoxyribonucleic acid variant with transversion of alanine with tyrosine and change of histidine with leucine on notch 3 gene.	Alanine	63-70	notch receptor 3	Homo sapiens	125-132
29172777-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to develop a novel ALA fusion protein for target to the malignant cells surface with high uPAR expression and locally release of the scorpion toxin AGAP in an uPA-cleavable manner.	Alanine	59-62	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	130-134
28911206-9	2017	Hepatocytes expressing either the wild type or mutant GDH produced similar levels of ammonia when exposed to glutamine, although alanine response was strongly elevated with the mutant form.	Alanine	129-136	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
28637832-12	2017	The substitution of these autophosphorylation sites with Ala enhanced the NtCDPK1 overexpression-induced sensitization of seeds to a GA biosynthetic inhibitor during germination.	Alanine	57-60	calcium-dependent protein kinase 21-like	Nicotiana tabacum	74-81
28562331-8	2017	In contrast, the GLI1 alanine mutant (GLI13A) shows weaker binding with beta-TrCP, which is accompanied by reduced beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.	Alanine	22-29	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	72-81
28562331-8	2017	In contrast, the GLI1 alanine mutant (GLI13A) shows weaker binding with beta-TrCP, which is accompanied by reduced beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.	Alanine	22-29	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	115-124
28179111-5	2017	The potential for formation of the C12-C20 oxidized conformation can be removed by alanine substitution at C12 (C12A) leading to stabilized reduced XRCC1 with a lower pol beta binding affinity.	Alanine	83-90	polymerase (DNA directed), beta	Mus musculus	167-175
28373278-11	2017	TAS2R38 polymorphisms encode functional (PAV: proline, alanine, and valine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) or non-functional (AVI: alanine, valine, isoleucine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) T2R38.	Alanine	55-62	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	0-7
28373278-11	2017	TAS2R38 polymorphisms encode functional (PAV: proline, alanine, and valine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) or non-functional (AVI: alanine, valine, isoleucine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) T2R38.	Alanine	144-151	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	0-7
28159869-8	2017	Point mutants, which substituted alanine for aromatic residues, impaired the lipid binding of apoC-III.	Alanine	33-40	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	94-102
27908641-6	2017	We present three experimental surface plasmon resonance data sets, in which antibody residues in the antibody/gp120 interface were systematically mutated to alanine.	Alanine	157-164	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
28356086-7	2017	The binding affinities of CNA1 and CNA2, in which I439 or I443 were replaced by Ala, were decreased relative to wild-type CNA.	Alanine	80-83	calcineurin catalytic subunit A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
28314866-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy of attrition with ALA-PDT significantly elevated the effective treatment rate and can decrease the recurrence rate with reliable safety in treating SCC, thus ALA-PDT can be used as an optimal plan for SCC treatment.	Alanine	47-50	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	177-180
28314866-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy of attrition with ALA-PDT significantly elevated the effective treatment rate and can decrease the recurrence rate with reliable safety in treating SCC, thus ALA-PDT can be used as an optimal plan for SCC treatment.	Alanine	47-50	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	230-233
28314866-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy of attrition with ALA-PDT significantly elevated the effective treatment rate and can decrease the recurrence rate with reliable safety in treating SCC, thus ALA-PDT can be used as an optimal plan for SCC treatment.	Alanine	187-190	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	177-180
28314866-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS Combined therapy of attrition with ALA-PDT significantly elevated the effective treatment rate and can decrease the recurrence rate with reliable safety in treating SCC, thus ALA-PDT can be used as an optimal plan for SCC treatment.	Alanine	187-190	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	230-233
28138695-4	2017	The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of RbAp48 in ALA-PDT-induced cell death in cervical cancer cells.	Alanine	77-80	RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor	Homo sapiens	67-73
28138695-5	2017	RbAp48 was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cell lines treated with ALA-PDT, including SiHa and HeLa cells.	Alanine	80-83	RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor	Homo sapiens	0-6
28138695-8	2017	These results provide evidence that RbAp48 is an important contributor to the efficacy of ALA-PDT in cervical cancer cells.	Alanine	90-93	RB binding protein 4, chromatin remodeling factor	Homo sapiens	36-42
28193005-3	2017	Here, we report the identification of an energetic epitope by determining the interfacial hot-spot that dominates the binding affinity for an anti-interleukin-23 (anti-IL-23) antibody by using the complementary approaches of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP), alanine shave mutagenesis, and binding analytics.	Alanine	330-337	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	168-173
28193005-7	2017	The M5 IL-23 mutant differs from wild-type by five alanine substitutions and represents the dominant energetic epitope of 7B7.	Alanine	51-58	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	7-12
28169326-4	2017	Alanine scanning mutation of Epep revealed residues critical for Tbx3, Klf4 and Esrrb transcript repression, cell-cell contact abrogation, cell survival in suspension, STAT3 phosphorylation and water solubility.	Alanine	0-7	estrogen related receptor, beta	Mus musculus	80-85
29113979-10	2018	In contrast, Gln3-Myc13 responses are normal in parallel serine-to-alanine substitution mutants.	Alanine	67-74	nitrogen-responsive transcriptional regulator GLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-17
29188836-1	2017	The intrinsic haemolysis of an amyloid-beta (Abeta) N-terminal targeting gramicidin S derivative was successfully dissociated from its Abeta oligomer-preventing activities via Ala-scanning-based regulation of molecular amphiphilicity.	Alanine	176-179	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	45-50
29092397-12	2017	ALA also enhanced Abeta degradation enzyme, insulin-degrading enzyme.	Alanine	0-3	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	18-23
29092397-14	2017	Its neuroprotective effects are mediated, in part, by regulation of APP processing and Abeta degradation, and thus, ALA might be a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.	Alanine	116-119	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	87-92
28840369-2	2017	We have designed, and synthesized novel 1,3,4 oxadiazole with glycine/alanine hybrids as HDAC8-specific inhibitors and preliminary evaluation has indicated that 1,3,4 oxadiazole with alanine hybrid [(R)-2-amino-N-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)propanamide (10b)] to be a potent HDAC8 inhibitor.	Alanine	70-77	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	89-94
28840369-2	2017	We have designed, and synthesized novel 1,3,4 oxadiazole with glycine/alanine hybrids as HDAC8-specific inhibitors and preliminary evaluation has indicated that 1,3,4 oxadiazole with alanine hybrid [(R)-2-amino-N-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)propanamide (10b)] to be a potent HDAC8 inhibitor.	Alanine	183-190	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	89-94
28840369-2	2017	We have designed, and synthesized novel 1,3,4 oxadiazole with glycine/alanine hybrids as HDAC8-specific inhibitors and preliminary evaluation has indicated that 1,3,4 oxadiazole with alanine hybrid [(R)-2-amino-N-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)propanamide (10b)] to be a potent HDAC8 inhibitor.	Alanine	183-190	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	286-291
29056540-9	2017	A predictive principal components analysis model of asparaginase-associated metabolites, asparaginase-associated metabolic score (AspM), was established, including alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and succinic acid.	Alanine	164-171	assembly factor for spindle microtubules	Homo sapiens	89-128
29056540-9	2017	A predictive principal components analysis model of asparaginase-associated metabolites, asparaginase-associated metabolic score (AspM), was established, including alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and succinic acid.	Alanine	164-171	assembly factor for spindle microtubules	Homo sapiens	130-134
29107294-6	2017	RESULTS: Amino acids such as Arg, Lys, and Ala evoke Ca2+ signals in tanycytes and evoke the release of ATP via pannexin 1 and CalHM1, which amplifies the signal via a P2 receptor dependent mechanism.	Alanine	43-46	calcium homeostasis modulator 1	Mus musculus	127-133
29069098-3	2017	Lactate correlated positively with alanine, glutamate with glutamine; creatine + phosphocreatine (tCr) correlated positively with lactate, alanine and choline + phosphocholine + glycerophosphocholine (tCho), and tCho correlated positively with lactate; fatty acids correlated negatively with lactate, glutamate + glutamine (tGlut), tCr and tCho.	Alanine	139-146	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	98-101
28882840-2	2017	We tested the role of phosphorylation of a GSK-3beta consensus site (S493) located in the proximal portion of the NF-H tail in NF dynamics by transfection of NB2a/d1 cells with NF-H, where S493 was mutated to aspartic acid (S493D) or to alanine (S493A) to mimic constitutive phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation.	Alanine	237-244	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	43-52
28882840-2	2017	We tested the role of phosphorylation of a GSK-3beta consensus site (S493) located in the proximal portion of the NF-H tail in NF dynamics by transfection of NB2a/d1 cells with NF-H, where S493 was mutated to aspartic acid (S493D) or to alanine (S493A) to mimic constitutive phosphorylation and non-phosphorylation.	Alanine	237-244	neurofilament, heavy polypeptide	Mus musculus	114-118
31457247-6	2017	Key residues for the formation of the dominant binding site complex were identified by means of alanine scanning performed both for the Fab and PpL domains.	Alanine	96-103	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	136-139
28705808-7	2017	Mutation to Ala of specific residues in the S1 (Tyr420), S2 (Leu452, Phe463), and S4 (Ile521, Lys525) segments partially inhibited the effects of Rg3 on hERG1.	Alanine	12-15	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
29254168-5	2017	Targeted metabolomics including 24 metabolites revealed that most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, aspartate-derived asparagine, alanine and ornithine-derived polyamines were strongly down-regulated in SLC25A22 knockdown cells.	Alanine	142-149	solute carrier family 25 member 22	Homo sapiens	215-223
28911206-12	2017	Hepatocytes carrying mutant GDH produced more ammonia upon alanine exposure, which underscores hyperammonemia developed by the patients.	Alanine	59-66	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
28916765-1	2017	The alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a hepatocyte-specific pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme, transaminates L-alanine and glyoxylate to glycine and pyruvate, thus detoxifying glyoxylate and preventing pathological oxalate precipitation in tissues.	Alanine	130-139	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	4-39
28916765-1	2017	The alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), a hepatocyte-specific pyridoxal-5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme, transaminates L-alanine and glyoxylate to glycine and pyruvate, thus detoxifying glyoxylate and preventing pathological oxalate precipitation in tissues.	Alanine	130-139	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	41-44
28418760-3	2017	Growth assays showed that Trp-Ala could be transported by both AtPTR1 and AtPTR5 as efficiently as Ala-Trp.	Alanine	30-33	peptide transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-69
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	Alanine	169-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Alanine	116-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	296-300
28817652-7	2017	Leptin was furthermore strongly associated with alanine and aspartate (Bonferroni corrected P[PBF] = 5.7x10-8 and 1.7x10-6, respectively), and negatively associated to the sum of the non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the sum of the long-chain acylcarnitines C12-C18 (PBF = 0.009 and 0.0001, respectively).	Alanine	48-55	leptin	Homo sapiens	0-6
28817652-11	2017	High alanine concentrations and the lower concentrations of NEFA in children with high fasting leptin concentrations might arise from an increased gluconeogenesis and from the disinhibiting effect of leptin on the carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-1, respectively.	Alanine	5-12	leptin	Homo sapiens	95-101
28817652-11	2017	High alanine concentrations and the lower concentrations of NEFA in children with high fasting leptin concentrations might arise from an increased gluconeogenesis and from the disinhibiting effect of leptin on the carnitine-palmitoyltransferase-1, respectively.	Alanine	5-12	leptin	Homo sapiens	200-206
28533411-7	2017	Transgenic mice in which Ser367 of PS1 was mutated to Ala, show dramatic increases in Abeta peptide and in betaCTF levels in vivo.	Alanine	54-57	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	35-38
28533411-7	2017	Transgenic mice in which Ser367 of PS1 was mutated to Ala, show dramatic increases in Abeta peptide and in betaCTF levels in vivo.	Alanine	54-57	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	86-91
28428253-4	2017	Here we address catalytic necessity for the first time, using the prototypic invertebrate representative twitchin (UNC-22) from Caenorhabditis elegans In in vitro experiments, change of a conserved lysine (K) that is involved in ATP coordination to alanine (A) resulted in elimination of kinase activity without affecting the overall structure of the kinase domain.	Alanine	249-256	Twitchin	Caenorhabditis elegans	105-113
28428253-4	2017	Here we address catalytic necessity for the first time, using the prototypic invertebrate representative twitchin (UNC-22) from Caenorhabditis elegans In in vitro experiments, change of a conserved lysine (K) that is involved in ATP coordination to alanine (A) resulted in elimination of kinase activity without affecting the overall structure of the kinase domain.	Alanine	249-256	Twitchin	Caenorhabditis elegans	115-121
28446606-6	2017	In the BD-associated ERAP1 context of B*51:08, longer peptides were generated; of the two major HLA-B*51 subpeptidomes with Pro-2 and Ala-2, the former one was significantly reduced, and the latter was increased and showed more ERAP1-susceptible N-terminal residues.	Alanine	134-137	endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
28446606-6	2017	In the BD-associated ERAP1 context of B*51:08, longer peptides were generated; of the two major HLA-B*51 subpeptidomes with Pro-2 and Ala-2, the former one was significantly reduced, and the latter was increased and showed more ERAP1-susceptible N-terminal residues.	Alanine	134-137	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	96-101
28604973-6	2017	Position 328 of the FUT1 gene was mutated from A to G, resulting in replacement of Alanine (Ala) at position 110 by Threonine (Thr).	Alanine	83-90	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-24
28604973-6	2017	Position 328 of the FUT1 gene was mutated from A to G, resulting in replacement of Alanine (Ala) at position 110 by Threonine (Thr).	Alanine	83-86	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	20-24
28330814-9	2017	ALA-PDT reduced the protein levels of P-p70 S6K (T389), SREBP-1, PPARgamma, P-mTOR and P-Raptor.	Alanine	0-3	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
28330814-11	2017	CONCLUSION: ALA-PDT suppressed the cell growth in SZ95 cells by mTOR-p70 S6K(T389) signaling and reduced the lipogenesis in SZ95 cells by mTOR-SREBP-1/PPARgamma signaling.	Alanine	12-15	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	143-150
28500754-5	2017	Here we concomitantly modify the tails of XRCC4 and XLF by substituting fourteen previously identified phosphorylation sites with either alanine or aspartate residues.	Alanine	137-144	non-homologous end joining factor 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
29069740-5	2017	Alanine-scanning of P60 revealed the relevance of each position on FOXP3 binding, homodimerization, association with AML1 and inhibition of Treg activity.	Alanine	0-7	interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3	Homo sapiens	20-23
29069740-5	2017	Alanine-scanning of P60 revealed the relevance of each position on FOXP3 binding, homodimerization, association with AML1 and inhibition of Treg activity.	Alanine	0-7	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
29069740-6	2017	Introduction of alanine at positions 2, 5 and 11 improved the activity of the original P60, whereas alanine mutations at positions 1, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 were detrimental.	Alanine	16-23	interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
28593130-7	2017	Using Xenopus laevis oocytes overexpressing SLC38A10, we show that SLC38A10 mediates bidirectional transport of l-glutamine, l-alanine, l-glutamate, and d-aspartate, and efflux of l-serine.	Alanine	125-134	solute carrier family 38 member 10 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	44-52
28593130-7	2017	Using Xenopus laevis oocytes overexpressing SLC38A10, we show that SLC38A10 mediates bidirectional transport of l-glutamine, l-alanine, l-glutamate, and d-aspartate, and efflux of l-serine.	Alanine	125-134	solute carrier family 38 member 10 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	67-75
26780456-8	2017	When T95 is mutated to alanine, hGAD65 could no longer be phosphorylated by PKCepsilon, and the effect of PKC-mediated activation on hGAD65 is abolished.	Alanine	23-30	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	76-86
26780456-8	2017	When T95 is mutated to alanine, hGAD65 could no longer be phosphorylated by PKCepsilon, and the effect of PKC-mediated activation on hGAD65 is abolished.	Alanine	23-30	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	76-79
28011762-6	2017	After prolonged fasting, IDH1-null mice exhibited decreased blood glucose but elevated blood alanine and glycine compared with wild-type (WT) controls.	Alanine	93-100	isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble	Mus musculus	25-29
28011762-10	2017	Thus, IDH1 is critical for AA utilization in vivo and its deficiency attenuates gluconeogenesis primarily by impairing alpha-KG-dependent transamination of glucogenic AAs such as alanine.	Alanine	179-186	isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble	Mus musculus	6-10
27807027-6	2016	Any Ser-Ala substitution in this motif could decrease the binding between DYRK1A and beta-transducin repeat containing protein (betaTrCP), resulting in stabilization of DYRK1A.	Alanine	8-11	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	85-126
27807027-6	2016	Any Ser-Ala substitution in this motif could decrease the binding between DYRK1A and beta-transducin repeat containing protein (betaTrCP), resulting in stabilization of DYRK1A.	Alanine	8-11	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	128-136
27777309-5	2016	Remarkably, inhibition of Ser-314 phosphorylation either with Ser-to-Ala substitution or with a specific inhibitor of CDK4/6 kinase blocked Her4-induced stabilization of MDMX-MDM2 and rescued p53 activity.	Alanine	69-72	MDM4 regulator of p53	Homo sapiens	170-174
27681840-6	2016	Site-directed mutation of predicted DMT1 phosphosites further showed that substitution of serine with alanine at N-terminal position 43 (S43A) abolished basal phosphorylation.	Alanine	102-109	solute carrier family 11 member 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
27718463-5	2016	One newly designed and easily synthesized phosphorylated BChE nonapeptide with one Gly-to-Ala mutation was successfully reported to serve as internal standard instead of traditional isotopically labeled BChE nonapeptide.	Alanine	90-93	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	57-61
26726132-8	2017	Replacements of the respective S100P residues by alanine drastically decrease its affinity to IL-11, suggesting their involvement into the association process.	Alanine	49-56	S100 calcium binding protein P	Homo sapiens	31-36
26726132-8	2017	Replacements of the respective S100P residues by alanine drastically decrease its affinity to IL-11, suggesting their involvement into the association process.	Alanine	49-56	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	94-99
29465378-6	2017	Amino acid analysis of HAPA-elastin showed a high content (81.5%) of hydrophobic amino acids such as Gly, Ala, Val, and Pro.	Alanine	106-109	LOC100620140	Sus scrofa	28-35
28043143-9	2017	Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed a significant dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by ALA-PDT in H8 cells, associated with accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21.	Alanine	89-92	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	0-9
1804109-2	1991	These vesicles accumulated L-alanine mainly by means of Na(+)-dependent transport systems A and ASC.	Alanine	27-36	steroid sulfatase	Mus musculus	96-99
28043143-9	2017	Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed a significant dose-dependent induction of apoptosis by ALA-PDT in H8 cells, associated with accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21.	Alanine	89-92	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	217-220
27665180-0	2016	Design and synthesis of novel HDAC8 inhibitory 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles containing glycine and alanine hybrids with anti cancer activity.	Alanine	106-113	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	30-35
27665180-10	2016	Novel 1,3,4-oxadizole substituted with glycine/alanine showed HDAC8 inhibition.	Alanine	47-54	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	62-67
1953791-11	1991	Since the two enzymes ended at the same position of the 373rd alanine residue, this COOH-terminal is 9 amino acid residues shorter than that of cathepsin D-digested M-APase.	Alanine	62-69	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	144-155
27801846-7	2016	In contrast, when S256 is mutated to alanine (S256A) to mimic non-phosphorylated AQP2, AQP2-S256A localizes to intracellular vesicles as well as the plasma membrane, with increased internalization from the plasma membrane.	Alanine	37-44	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	87-91
27829214-5	2016	PICT-1 S233 and T289 were identified as the key phosphorylation sites in this pathway, as mutating both to alanine abolished UVB-induced increase of PICT-1 phosporylation.	Alanine	107-114	NOP53 ribosome biogenesis factor	Homo sapiens	0-6
27829214-5	2016	PICT-1 S233 and T289 were identified as the key phosphorylation sites in this pathway, as mutating both to alanine abolished UVB-induced increase of PICT-1 phosporylation.	Alanine	107-114	NOP53 ribosome biogenesis factor	Homo sapiens	149-155
1806385-1	1991	Enhancement of the amphiphilic alpha-helical properties of the central and C-terminal regions of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) by substitution with helix-favouring amino acids, particularly Ala, can result in significant improvements in GH-releasing potencies using monolayer cultures of rat pituitary cells, a system which reflects analogue receptor affinity rather than effects of structural modifications on pharmacokinetic properties.	Alanine	199-202	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	97-129
27576593-6	2016	The tryptophan-to-alanine mutation of W611 changes the kinetic characteristics of OATP2B1-mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) transport radically, from a monophasic saturation curve (with Km and Vmax values being of 7.1 +- 1.1 muM and 182 +- 7 pmol/normalized mg/min, respectively) to a linear curve.	Alanine	18-25	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	82-89
27576593-7	2016	Replacing alanine with a phenylalanine will rescue most of OATP2B1"s function, suggesting that the aromatic side chain of residue 611 is very important.	Alanine	10-17	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	59-66
27624280-1	2016	We report two families, members of which are carriers of a novel hemoglobin (Hb) variant that was named Hb Olivet [alpha13(A11)Ala Thr (alpha1) (GCC &gt; ACC); HBA1: c.40G &gt; A; p.Ala14Thr].	Alanine	127-130	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	115-121
27378407-1	2016	This study was conducted to clone and functionally characterize a full-length cDNA encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) from large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) and investigate its gene expression in response to graded dietary ratio of linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LNA) (0.03, 0.06, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.51).	Alanine	266-269	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	92-119
1806385-1	1991	Enhancement of the amphiphilic alpha-helical properties of the central and C-terminal regions of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRH) by substitution with helix-favouring amino acids, particularly Ala, can result in significant improvements in GH-releasing potencies using monolayer cultures of rat pituitary cells, a system which reflects analogue receptor affinity rather than effects of structural modifications on pharmacokinetic properties.	Alanine	199-202	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
27378407-1	2016	This study was conducted to clone and functionally characterize a full-length cDNA encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) from large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) and investigate its gene expression in response to graded dietary ratio of linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LNA) (0.03, 0.06, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.51).	Alanine	266-269	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	121-126
1931938-3	1991	The serine residue at either site was replaced by alanine, glycine, or threonine in LCAT secreted from stably transfected CHO cells.	Alanine	50-57	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	84-88
27378407-4	2016	In the kidney, the expression levels of Alox5 of fish fed diets with low dietary ALA/LNA (0.03-0.06) were significantly higher than those of fish fed diets with high dietary ALA/LNA (0.45-1.51) (P&lt;0.05).	Alanine	81-84	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	40-45
27378407-4	2016	In the kidney, the expression levels of Alox5 of fish fed diets with low dietary ALA/LNA (0.03-0.06) were significantly higher than those of fish fed diets with high dietary ALA/LNA (0.45-1.51) (P&lt;0.05).	Alanine	174-177	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	40-45
27378407-6	2016	Results of the present study suggested that the expression of Alox5 is higher in croakers fed high concentrations of LNA compared to those fed high concentrations of ALA, which might be regulated by NF-kappaB and contribute to the inflammation process by catalyzing the dioxygenation of AA.	Alanine	166-169	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	62-67
27525439-6	2016	Specifically, we mutated the human mHTT gene within a BAC to express either an aspartic acid or an alanine at position 421, mimicking tonic phosphorylation (mHTT-S421D mice) or preventing phosphorylation (mHTT-S421A mice), respectively.	Alanine	99-106	huntingtin	Mus musculus	35-39
27325700-7	2016	Alanine substitutions of the possible priming phosphorylation sites (scc1-15A) impair Cdc5 association with chromosomal cohesin, but they make only a moderate impact on mitotic cell growth even in securin-deleted cells (pds1Delta), where Scc1 phosphorylation by Cdc5 is indispensable.	Alanine	0-7	securin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	197-204
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	36-39	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	107-111
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	36-39	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	120-124
27170754-5	2016	In addition, alanine scanning and circular-dichroism (CD) spectra confirmed that the B, D, and F pockets play critical biochemical roles in determining the peptide-binding motif of SLA-3*hs0202.	Alanine	13-20	MHC class I antigen 3	Sus scrofa	181-186
27658570-6	2016	Extensive alanine mutagenesis of the tail sequences revealed that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin was dependent on specific uniformly distributed patches of hydrophobic residues, whereas the mutagenesis of acidic amino acids had no effect.	Alanine	10-17	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	91-103
1924357-5	1991	Addition of dipeptides Tyr-Ala, Trp-Ala, or Phe-Ala to the translation mixture inhibits degradation of Tyr-nsP4 and Phe-nsP4, but not of Arg-nsP4.	Alanine	36-39	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	120-124
1924357-6	1991	Conversely, dipeptides His-Ala, Arg-Ala, and Lys-Ala inhibit the degradation of Arg-nsP4 but not of Tyr-nsP4 or Phe-nsP4.	Alanine	27-30	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	84-88
1924357-6	1991	Conversely, dipeptides His-Ala, Arg-Ala, and Lys-Ala inhibit the degradation of Arg-nsP4 but not of Tyr-nsP4 or Phe-nsP4.	Alanine	36-39	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	84-88
27402010-9	2016	Mutating all seven sites to alanine dramatically diminished the ability of Cdr1p to confer fluconazole resistance and transport Nile red, without affecting Cdr1p localization.	Alanine	28-35	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
1924357-6	1991	Conversely, dipeptides His-Ala, Arg-Ala, and Lys-Ala inhibit the degradation of Arg-nsP4 but not of Tyr-nsP4 or Phe-nsP4.	Alanine	36-39	serine protease 57	Homo sapiens	84-88
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
1725868-12	1991	(e.g. Gly, Ala and Ser) which are abundantly represented in fibroin and therefore directly related to the expression of fibroin.	Alanine	11-14	fibroin light chain	Bombyx mori	60-67
27431629-1	2016	CD26 is a 110 kDa, type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and is capable of cleaving Nterminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	165-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27260838-4	2016	Using scanning alanine mutations in recombinant tau proteins, we refined the epitopes of each antibody.	Alanine	15-22	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	48-51
1725868-12	1991	(e.g. Gly, Ala and Ser) which are abundantly represented in fibroin and therefore directly related to the expression of fibroin.	Alanine	11-14	fibroin light chain	Bombyx mori	120-127
1910037-9	1991	The Rsr1 protein shares with human Rap1 GTPases the four specific motifs, i.e. Gly-12, residues 32-40, Ala-59, and residues 64-70, that are required for GAP3-dependent activation of the Rap1 GTPases.	Alanine	103-106	Ras family GTPase RSR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
27506946-8	2016	It consists in substituting residues at position 1 or 9 of low HLA-B*0702 affinity cryptic peptides by an Alanine or a Leucine respectively.	Alanine	106-113	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	63-68
26813383-2	2016	The aim of this study was to compare the different effects of recombinant bovine wild LBP and mutant LBP (67 Ala   Thr) on the LPS-induced inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs).	Alanine	109-112	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Bos taurus	101-104
26917722-7	2016	Alanine scan mutagenesis performed across the gp100(280-288) peptide showed that Glu(3) was critically important for TCR binding.	Alanine	0-7	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	117-120
26917722-8	2016	Unexpectedly, structural analysis demonstrated that the Glu(3)   Ala substitution resulted in a molecular switch that was transmitted to adjacent residues, abrogating TCR binding and T-cell recognition.	Alanine	65-68	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	167-170
1712588-1	1991	Since the growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP), His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, was found to specifically release growth hormone by a complementary but yet not clearly defined action on the pituitary as well as the hypothalamus, in vitro studies have been performed to demonstrate and characterized GHRP binding sites on peripheral membranes of both the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.	Alanine	61-64	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	10-42
30090278-3	2016	By the modulation of the aggregation/deaggregation of the polymer-metal complex aggregates and hence the FRET from the mPPE-Ala donor to the aggregated 1 as acceptor, the ensemble has been demonstrated for sensitive and selective label-free detection of c-myc via the monitoring of emission spectral changes of the ensemble.	Alanine	124-127	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	254-259
27317637-3	2016	In the oocyte expression system, mutation of those Serine sites to Alanine (that cannot be phosphorylated) in the GluN2A subunit, resulted in a decreased PKC stimulated current enhancement through the receptors compared to wild-type NMDA receptors.	Alanine	67-74	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	114-120
27334924-5	2016	Truncation and alanine mutagenesis studies revealed that PP2Ac binds to the P3 block ((396)PAIPPKKPRP(405)) of the proline-rich region in CIN85.	Alanine	15-22	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	57-62
1712588-1	1991	Since the growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP), His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, was found to specifically release growth hormone by a complementary but yet not clearly defined action on the pituitary as well as the hypothalamus, in vitro studies have been performed to demonstrate and characterized GHRP binding sites on peripheral membranes of both the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.	Alanine	61-64	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
27854203-4	2016	We examined this in a Dutch cohort including presymptomatic Ala-expanded-PABPN1 carriers and late symptomatic patients.	Alanine	60-63	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	73-79
1712588-1	1991	Since the growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP), His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, was found to specifically release growth hormone by a complementary but yet not clearly defined action on the pituitary as well as the hypothalamus, in vitro studies have been performed to demonstrate and characterized GHRP binding sites on peripheral membranes of both the rat anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.	Alanine	61-64	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	303-307
27215379-9	2016	GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-kappaB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL.	Alanine	4-7	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
2033050-10	1991	The analysis of peptides generated by PR-3 digestion of insulin chains and the activity profile against a panel of chromogenic synthetic peptide substrates show that PR-3 prefers small aliphatic amino acids (alanine, serine, and valine) at the P1 site.	Alanine	208-215	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	166-170
27215379-11	2016	Our study demonstrates that chronic oral l-glutamine treatment (given with l-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.	Alanine	75-84	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	168-173
26995676-5	2016	A larger supply of ALA increased the accretion of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of desaturases, the antioxidative status, the expression and DNA-binding of PPAR-alpha, the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas the expression and DNA-binding activity of SREBP-1c transcription factor and the biosynthetic activity of fatty acids declined.	Alanine	19-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
26952131-3	2016	However, Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 effectively suppressed the  OH-induced increases in the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c in carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	9-12	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	136-145
26952131-4	2016	Furthermore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and the levels of ROS and cytochrome c were gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 (0.175-1.400 mM) in the  OH-induced carp erythrocytes.	Alanine	164-167	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	56-65
26529393-8	2016	Western blotting and a capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay demonstrated the high specificity of the antibody pAb77 against Abeta-variants starting with the N-terminal Alanine-2.	Alanine	174-181	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	130-135
25869255-3	2016	It was also previously demonstrated that the alpha-synuclein amyloid fibril formation is accelerated by mutations of proline residues to alanine in the acidic region.	Alanine	137-144	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	45-60
27273653-8	2016	Results from this study suggest that ROS stimulated by ALA-PDT lead to inhibition of FGFR2b pathway in PKC downstream to cause reduction of IL1alpha expression, and eventually, keratinocytes differentiation and proliferation.	Alanine	55-58	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	140-148
25869255-4	2016	We performed replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the acidic and nonamyloid component (NAC) domains of the wild type and proline-to-alanine mutants of alpha-synuclein under various conditions.	Alanine	146-153	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	101-104
2039437-8	1991	These results indicate that both proteinases cleave preferentially the bond between amino acids 15 (Tyr) and 16 (Ala) of CTAP-III.	Alanine	113-116	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	121-129
25869255-4	2016	We performed replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the acidic and nonamyloid component (NAC) domains of the wild type and proline-to-alanine mutants of alpha-synuclein under various conditions.	Alanine	146-153	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	165-180
26463018-5	2015	TAS2R38 genotyping demonstrated that this subject was a homozygous carrier of the proline-alanine-valine taster haplotype.	Alanine	90-97	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	0-7
27094036-8	2016	The improvement in leucine-stimulated protein synthesis was accompanied by a higher phosphorylation status of mTOR, S6, and 4E-BP1 compared with l-alanine-treated controls.	Alanine	145-154	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	110-114
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	T cell receptor alpha constant	Homo sapiens	147-156
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
26015319-1	2015	Conformational preferences for the turn and beta-hairpin structures of Ala-based peptides [Ac-Ala(n)-(R)-Nip-(S)-Nip-Ala(n)-X (n = 0-2; X = NHMe or NMe2)] containing nipecotic acid (Nip) residues were carried out using the density functional M06-2X and the implicit solvation model SMD in CH2Cl2 and/or water.	Alanine	71-74	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	T cell receptor alpha constant	Homo sapiens	214-223
1674284-1	1991	The hexapeptide His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6) and GH-releasing factor (GHRH) produced a rapid release of GH upon perifusion of dispersed rat pituitary cells.	Alanine	26-29	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
26987812-9	2016	Furthermore, systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the transmembrane and membrane-proximal parts of the CD74 NTF has been performed.	Alanine	24-31	CD74 antigen (invariant polypeptide of major histocompatibility complex, class II antigen-associated)	Mus musculus	109-113
26456915-5	2015	Furthermore, we establish that TsrM and a triple-alanine mutant alkylate cob(II)alamin efficiently leading to the synthesis of MeCbl.	Alanine	49-56	metabolism of cobalamin associated B	Homo sapiens	73-76
1702830-10	1991	We have confirmed an earlier report of a point mutation in exon 6 of the jimpymsd PLP gene, which converts an alanine to a valine.	Alanine	110-117	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	82-85
26909307-5	2015	METHODS: In the current study, the effects of 6 weeks of HIIT were examined using obese mice with serine-alanine knock-in mutations on the AMPK phosphorylation sites of ACC1 and ACC2 (AccDKI) or wild-type (WT) controls.	Alanine	105-112	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha	Mus musculus	169-173
27071766-3	2016	After desulfurization to deliver a native alanine at the ligation junction, the N-terminal cysteine was unmasked, and the peptide was further used for expressed protein ligation to generate the full-length tau protein, which was purified by a photocleavable biotin tag.	Alanine	42-49	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	206-209
26907785-10	2016	Furthermore, analysis of beta-catenin gene revealed that the tumor had a typical missense mutation of threonine to alanine at colon 41 (T41A) in exon 3.	Alanine	115-122	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	25-37
2165127-5	1990	Analyses of the gD genes by dideoxy-sequencing techniques identified a base difference in the coding sequences and predicted that the ANG gD gene codes for alanine (GCC codon) at amino acid position 84 in the open reading frame and the ANG path gD gene codes for glycine (GGC codon) at this site.	Alanine	156-163	angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5	Mus musculus	134-137
26780347-7	2016	The oxidative stresses also modulate kinase activity of RET-PTC1 with cysteine 365 (C365) replaced by alanine with promotion of dimer formation, but not with cysteine 376 (C376) replaced by alanine.	Alanine	102-109	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	56-59
26780347-7	2016	The oxidative stresses also modulate kinase activity of RET-PTC1 with cysteine 365 (C365) replaced by alanine with promotion of dimer formation, but not with cysteine 376 (C376) replaced by alanine.	Alanine	190-197	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	56-59
26867578-7	2016	The general base aspartate in the PIG-L deacetylases is an alanine in GalB; replacement of the alanine with aspartate decreased the GalB catalytic efficiency for CHM by 9.5 x 10(4)-fold, and the variant enzyme did not have any detectable hydrolase activity.	Alanine	59-66	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L	Sus scrofa	34-39
26505358-4	2015	The sequencing report of the stathmin S25A plasmid showed that stathmin serine at position 25 had mutated into alanine.	Alanine	111-118	stathmin 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
26505358-4	2015	The sequencing report of the stathmin S25A plasmid showed that stathmin serine at position 25 had mutated into alanine.	Alanine	111-118	stathmin 1	Homo sapiens	63-71
26126591-5	2015	The results demonstrated that EPO significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, the area under the curve of the oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests and L-alanine gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	172-181	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
26867578-7	2016	The general base aspartate in the PIG-L deacetylases is an alanine in GalB; replacement of the alanine with aspartate decreased the GalB catalytic efficiency for CHM by 9.5 x 10(4)-fold, and the variant enzyme did not have any detectable hydrolase activity.	Alanine	95-102	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L	Sus scrofa	34-39
27037360-9	2016	The specific MSH2/WDHD1 interaction is mediated by the second lever domain of MSH2 and Ala(1123)site of WDHD1.	Alanine	87-90	WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
27037360-9	2016	The specific MSH2/WDHD1 interaction is mediated by the second lever domain of MSH2 and Ala(1123)site of WDHD1.	Alanine	87-90	WD repeat and HMG-box DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
26401487-5	2015	Exon-2 of SCN5A gene revealed A282G polymorphism (rs6599230), resulting in alanine for alanine (A29A) silent substitution in the N-terminus of SCN5A protein.	Alanine	75-82	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	10-15
26401487-5	2015	Exon-2 of SCN5A gene revealed A282G polymorphism (rs6599230), resulting in alanine for alanine (A29A) silent substitution in the N-terminus of SCN5A protein.	Alanine	75-82	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	143-148
26401487-5	2015	Exon-2 of SCN5A gene revealed A282G polymorphism (rs6599230), resulting in alanine for alanine (A29A) silent substitution in the N-terminus of SCN5A protein.	Alanine	87-94	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	10-15
2324102-7	1990	Furthermore, (iv) the transmembrane domain is 96% identical, as the only change in human syndecan was an alteration of an alanine residue to glycine; and finally, (v) the cytoplasmic domain is 100% identical, including 3 identically located tyrosine residues.	Alanine	122-129	syndecan 1	Homo sapiens	89-97
26401487-5	2015	Exon-2 of SCN5A gene revealed A282G polymorphism (rs6599230), resulting in alanine for alanine (A29A) silent substitution in the N-terminus of SCN5A protein.	Alanine	87-94	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	143-148
26028560-6	2015	Overexpressing phospho-mimicking HSP27 (HSP27(Asp)) reversed the burn serum-induced peripheral F-actin rearrangement with the augmentation of central F-actin stress fibers, and more importantly, attenuated the burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability; such effects were not observed by HSP27(Ala), a non-phosphorylated mutant of HSP27.	Alanine	300-303	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
26028560-6	2015	Overexpressing phospho-mimicking HSP27 (HSP27(Asp)) reversed the burn serum-induced peripheral F-actin rearrangement with the augmentation of central F-actin stress fibers, and more importantly, attenuated the burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability; such effects were not observed by HSP27(Ala), a non-phosphorylated mutant of HSP27.	Alanine	300-303	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	40-50
26028560-6	2015	Overexpressing phospho-mimicking HSP27 (HSP27(Asp)) reversed the burn serum-induced peripheral F-actin rearrangement with the augmentation of central F-actin stress fibers, and more importantly, attenuated the burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability; such effects were not observed by HSP27(Ala), a non-phosphorylated mutant of HSP27.	Alanine	300-303	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
26028560-6	2015	Overexpressing phospho-mimicking HSP27 (HSP27(Asp)) reversed the burn serum-induced peripheral F-actin rearrangement with the augmentation of central F-actin stress fibers, and more importantly, attenuated the burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability; such effects were not observed by HSP27(Ala), a non-phosphorylated mutant of HSP27.	Alanine	300-303	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
25735248-11	2016	Such major effects were similarly seen for GSTP1 A114V (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29 for Val/Val + Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala).	Alanine	96-99	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
25735248-11	2016	Such major effects were similarly seen for GSTP1 A114V (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29 for Val/Val + Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala).	Alanine	108-111	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
2105935-1	1990	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the serine residue at the primary phosphorylation site of human eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E with an alanine residue.	Alanine	156-163	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Homo sapiens	110-147
25735248-11	2016	Such major effects were similarly seen for GSTP1 A114V (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29 for Val/Val + Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala).	Alanine	108-111	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
25981324-7	2015	Furthermore, the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid (EPA/ALA), which reflects Delta5 desaturase activity, was markedly decreased in T2DM patients.	Alanine	74-77	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	101-112
2117689-1	1990	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth hormone (GH) releasing activity of orally administered His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP-6, SK&amp;F 110679) in rats, dogs and monkeys.	Alanine	118-121	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	46-60
26824323-5	2016	Intra-cellular alanine was depleted upon OGT inhibitor treatment.	Alanine	15-22	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	41-44
2342986-3	1990	Canine PYY(1-36) has the identical sequence as porcine and rat PYY but differs from human PYY at position 3, with Ala instead of Ile, and position 18, with Ser instead of Asn.	Alanine	114-117	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	7-10
26749572-3	2016	These deficits are all evident in GSK3alpha/beta knockin mice, in which serine-to-alanine mutations block the inhibitory serine phosphorylation regulation of both GSK3 isoforms, leaving GSK3 hyperactive.	Alanine	82-89	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	34-38
26749572-3	2016	These deficits are all evident in GSK3alpha/beta knockin mice, in which serine-to-alanine mutations block the inhibitory serine phosphorylation regulation of both GSK3 isoforms, leaving GSK3 hyperactive.	Alanine	82-89	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	163-167
26764097-5	2016	Using Lec15.2 cells, which lack dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthesis activity, and mutant Rspo1-expressing cells that replace W(153) and W(156) by alanine residues, we observed that C-mannosylation of Rspo1 is required for its secretion.	Alanine	147-154	R-spondin-1	Cricetulus griseus	90-95
26121966-3	2015	We show that replacement of the conserved cis proline in thioredoxin by alanine can accelerate spontaneous folding to the native, thermodynamically most stable state by more than four orders of magnitude.	Alanine	72-79	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	57-68
26121966-4	2015	However, the resulting trans alanine bond leads to small structural rearrangements around the active site that impair the function of thioredoxin as catalyst of electron transfer reactions by more than 100-fold.	Alanine	29-36	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	134-145
28600847-6	2018	Alanine substitution of conserved residues that line the core of the agonist sites on alpha4(+)/beta2(-) interfaces did not impair receptor function.	Alanine	0-7	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	96-104
25721149-4	2015	Amino acids 39-42 (Leu-Asp-Phe-Ile- LDFI) were shown to contribute to leptin binding site I and their mutations in alanine resulted in muteins acting as typical antagonists.	Alanine	115-122	leptin	Homo sapiens	70-76
26952131-6	2016	The 5% inhibitory doses (ID5) of Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala10Pro4Cit1 on the activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and levels of ROS and cytochrome c were estimated to be at their physiological concentrations in mammalian.	Alanine	33-36	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	97-106
34958379-8	2022	Analysis of plants expressing BAM1 with alanine or aspartate rather than serine at position 132 indicated that the gain-of-function phenotype is not related to phosphorylation status at this position.	Alanine	40-47	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-34
26733070-8	2016	An alanine scanning approach allowed us to identify the residues in Coa and Efb that are critical for Fg binding and to define the Fg binding motifs in the two proteins.	Alanine	3-10	AT695_RS02730	Staphylococcus aureus	68-71
26378238-6	2015	First, 32 alanine-scanning mutagenesis variants of dystrophin R16-17 indicated the regions where mutagenesis modified the affinity of the dystrophin interaction with the nNOS-PDZ.	Alanine	10-17	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	51-61
26378238-7	2015	Second, using small angle x-ray scattering-based models of dystrophin R16-17 and molecular docking methods, we generated atomic models of the dystrophin R16-17 nNOS-PDZ complex that correlated well with the alanine scanning identified regions of dystrophin.	Alanine	207-214	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	142-152
26378238-7	2015	Second, using small angle x-ray scattering-based models of dystrophin R16-17 and molecular docking methods, we generated atomic models of the dystrophin R16-17 nNOS-PDZ complex that correlated well with the alanine scanning identified regions of dystrophin.	Alanine	207-214	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	142-152
25911228-9	2015	Alanine scanning identified Glu89, Glu124, Arg135, and Arg136 as essential for rpo26  complementation.	Alanine	0-7	DNA-directed RNA polymerase core subunit RPO26	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-84
25575569-8	2015	RESULTS: We identified a homozygous mutation (p.622, encodes Ala&gt;Thr) in RAD21 in patients from a consanguineous family with CIPO.	Alanine	61-64	RAD21 cohesin complex component	Homo sapiens	76-81
34535564-9	2021	Significance Statement Ozanimod, a selective human S1P1/5 modulator, displays reduced potency for rodent and dog S1P5 compared with human, which results from mutation of threonine to alanine at position 120.	Alanine	183-190	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5	Mus musculus	113-117
25576397-5	2015	Furthermore, Pin1 oxidation on Cys113 inactivates its catalytic activity in vitro, and Ala point substitution of Cys113 inactivates the ability of Pin1 to isomerize tau as well as to promote protein turnover of tau and APP.	Alanine	87-90	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	66-98
25576397-5	2015	Furthermore, Pin1 oxidation on Cys113 inactivates its catalytic activity in vitro, and Ala point substitution of Cys113 inactivates the ability of Pin1 to isomerize tau as well as to promote protein turnover of tau and APP.	Alanine	87-90	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	165-168
26446223-7	2015	Supplementation with l-serine or removal of l-alanine independently restored normal growth patterns in mutant SPTLC1(C133W) DRG.	Alanine	44-53	serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1	Mus musculus	110-116
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	100-109
25671560-0	2015	Effect of an Ala81His mutation on the Met80 loop dynamics of iso-1-cytochrome c. An A81H variant of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c is prepared to test the hypothesis that the steric size of the amino acid at sequence position 81 of cytochrome c, which has evolved from Ala in yeast to Ile in mammals, slows the dynamics of the opening of the heme crevice.	Alanine	13-16	threonine ammonia-lyase ILV1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-66
34508847-3	2021	To test the role of this mechanism in TBI, mice bearing a cysteine to alanine mutation at site 152 (C152A mice) that renders UCHL1 resistant to inactivation by reactive lipids were subjected to the controlled cortical impact model (CCI) of TBI and compared to wild type (WT) controls.	Alanine	70-77	ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1	Mus musculus	125-130
25646086-5	2015	As judged by biochemical and phenotypic criteria, a mutant (Fpk1(11A)), in which 11 sites were mutated to Ala, was hyperactive, causing increased inward transport of phosphatidylethanolamine.	Alanine	106-109	serine/threonine protein kinase FPK1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
25620715-1	2015	Liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) (EC 2.6.1.44) catalyses the conversion of l-alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine, a reaction that allows glyoxylate detoxification.	Alanine	102-111	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	18-53
25620715-1	2015	Liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) (EC 2.6.1.44) catalyses the conversion of l-alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine, a reaction that allows glyoxylate detoxification.	Alanine	102-111	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	55-58
25171319-7	2015	RESULTS: An expansion of 7 alanines in the first polyalanine tract of both human ARX and mouse Arx altered enteroendocrine differentiation.	Alanine	27-35	aristaless related homeobox	Mus musculus	95-98
34625749-7	2021	Its mutation to alanine made the Xkr8-Basigin complex constitutively active, indicating that it plays a vital role in regulating its scramblase activity.	Alanine	16-23	XK related 8	Homo sapiens	33-37
25382260-3	2015	The QM/MM simulations show that when the original isoleucine residue is substituted in silico by valine, alanine, or glycine (I14V, I14A, and I14G DHFR, respectively), the free energy barrier height of the hydride transfer reaction increases relative to the wild-type enzyme.	Alanine	105-112	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	147-151
25865565-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Alanine transaminase (ALT) plays an important role in gluconeogenesis by converting alanine into pyruvate for glucose production.	Alanine	96-103	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	34-37
25931513-8	2015	We experimentally test the role of alanine-rich LCRs in two different TF gene families, PHOX2A/PHOX2B and LHX2/LHX9.	Alanine	35-42	LIM homeobox 9	Homo sapiens	111-115
34471235-8	2021	Proline-to-alanine mutations of YAP1 isoform 3 identified proline 174 as a critical residue, and its hydroxylation suppressed cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.	Alanine	11-18	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	32-36
26218264-0	2015	Fragment-Based Drug Discovery Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins: Discovery of a Non-Alanine Lead Series with Dual Activity Against cIAP1 and XIAP.	Alanine	92-99	baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3	Mus musculus	139-144
26026833-9	2015	In addition, maltose and l-alanine were found to increase the expression of pld gene.	Alanine	25-34	phospholipase D	Purpureocillium lilacinum	76-79
25595103-11	2015	Docking of orphan human cytochrome P450 4X1 with arachidonic acid revealed that TYR 112, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, THR 312, LEU 315, ALA 316, ASP 319, THR 320, PHE 491 and ILE 492 residues were actively participating in the interaction, while docking of CYP4X1 with anandamide showed that TYR 112, GLN 114, PRO 118, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, SER 251, LEU 315, ALA 316 and PHE 491 key residues were involved in strong interaction.	Alanine	134-137	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily X member 1	Homo sapiens	24-43
25595103-11	2015	Docking of orphan human cytochrome P450 4X1 with arachidonic acid revealed that TYR 112, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, THR 312, LEU 315, ALA 316, ASP 319, THR 320, PHE 491 and ILE 492 residues were actively participating in the interaction, while docking of CYP4X1 with anandamide showed that TYR 112, GLN 114, PRO 118, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, SER 251, LEU 315, ALA 316 and PHE 491 key residues were involved in strong interaction.	Alanine	134-137	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily X member 1	Homo sapiens	24-43
25595103-11	2015	Docking of orphan human cytochrome P450 4X1 with arachidonic acid revealed that TYR 112, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, THR 312, LEU 315, ALA 316, ASP 319, THR 320, PHE 491 and ILE 492 residues were actively participating in the interaction, while docking of CYP4X1 with anandamide showed that TYR 112, GLN 114, PRO 118, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, SER 251, LEU 315, ALA 316 and PHE 491 key residues were involved in strong interaction.	Alanine	134-137	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily X member 1	Homo sapiens	24-43
25569479-4	2015	Hrr25 protein kinase directly modifies Elp1 on two sites (Ser-1198 and Ser-1202) and through analyzing non-phosphorylatable (alanine) and acidic, phosphomimic substitutions at Ser-1198, Ser-1202 and Ser-1209, we provide evidence that phosphorylation plays a positive role in the tRNA modification function of Elongator and may regulate the interaction of Elongator both with its accessory protein Kti12 and with Hrr25 kinase.	Alanine	125-132	serine/threonine protein kinase HRR25	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
34450641-6	2021	The arginine to alanine mutation (2RA) blocks GATA-1 deacetylation and fails to induce erythroid differentiation.	Alanine	16-23	GATA binding protein 1	Mus musculus	46-52
25217103-7	2015	Substitutions of serine residue with alanine at single or both positions substantially attenuate Aurora-A-mediated stabilization of beta-catenin, abolish its cytosolic and nuclear localization as well as transcriptional activity.	Alanine	37-44	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	132-144
25258324-9	2014	Alanine mutation of the DUE-B C-terminal phosphorylation target sites increases MCM binding but blocks Cdc45 loading in vivo and inhibits cell division.	Alanine	0-7	minichromosome maintenance complex component 7	Homo sapiens	80-83
25414336-11	2014	Our results indicate that the alanine-rich CAD, in conjunction with its conjoined RNA-binding domain(s), differentially influences the subnuclear localization and biogenesis of RBM4 and CoAZ.	Alanine	30-37	RBM14-RBM4 readthrough	Homo sapiens	186-190
25983110-5	2015	Substitution of Trp to alanine resulted in cell-surface inhibition of ULBP2 in different cancer cell lines.	Alanine	23-30	UL16 binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
34228044-4	2021	Mutation of Hv1 residue F150 to alanine (F150A) was previously found to increase 2GBI apparent binding affinity more than two orders of magnitude.	Alanine	32-39	hydrogen voltage gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
26230322-9	2015	We observed that Ala mutations of Trp664, Trp668 and Trp670 in MPER moderately lowered the intracellular and intraviral contents of Env while significantly elevating the content of another viral structural protein, p55/Gag and its derivative p24/capsid.	Alanine	17-20	H3 histone pseudogene 44	Homo sapiens	215-218
25216328-2	2014	Both membrane-associated and soluble DPP4 exert catalytic activity, cleaving proteins containing a position 2 alanine or proline.	Alanine	110-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
25172307-4	2014	Unexpectedly, we found that the N terminus of NaV1.5 was: 1) devoid of the initiation methionine, and 2) acetylated at the resulting initial alanine residue.	Alanine	141-148	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	46-52
26151934-4	2015	Similar Ala-substituted mutants of other hybrid sensor kinases BarA and ArcB showed similar characteristics.	Alanine	8-11	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	72-76
34283661-0	2021	Epitope Mapping of the Anti-California Sea Lion Podoplanin Monoclonal Antibody PMab-269 Using Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis and ELISA.	Alanine	94-101	podoplanin	Homo sapiens	48-58
25947379-2	2015	Many organisms additionally produce non-traditional, cytotoxic 1-deoxysphingoid bases and, surprisingly, mammalian SPT biosynthesizes some of them, too (e.g. 1-deoxysphinganine from L-alanine).	Alanine	182-191	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	115-118
24389605-6	2014	We defined the region K813-K823 of GluA1 as critical for the PI(4,5)P2 effect by performing an alanine scan that suggested PI(4,5)P2 binding to this area.	Alanine	95-102	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
35192696-5	2022	Mutation of mouse Jak3 Y820 to alanine (Y820A) showed increased autophosphorylation of Jak3 and enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation.	Alanine	31-38	Janus kinase 3	Mus musculus	87-91
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
26081316-7	2015	Molecular dynamics simulations of gp120 binding to CCR5 further emphasize that the Ala insertion alters the structure of the V3 tip and weakens interaction with CCR5 ECL2.	Alanine	83-86	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
35532550-7	2022	Substitution of SET8 DNA-binding residues with alanines decreases the SET8-nucleosome interaction and impairs the methyltransferase activity.	Alanine	47-55	lysine methyltransferase 5A	Homo sapiens	16-20
25442010-3	2015	Through DNA sequencing and the PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism method, a novel 9-bp nucleotide insertion (+) or deletion (-) was detected on exon 2 of SFTPA1, which causes a change in three amino acids, namely, alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and proline (Pro).	Alanine	223-230	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Sus scrofa	163-169
25442010-3	2015	Through DNA sequencing and the PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism method, a novel 9-bp nucleotide insertion (+) or deletion (-) was detected on exon 2 of SFTPA1, which causes a change in three amino acids, namely, alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and proline (Pro).	Alanine	232-235	pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A	Sus scrofa	163-169
25012655-6	2014	Alanine substitutions within the WDXNWD motif abolish the formation of multimeric complexes and markedly reduce phosphatase activity of PGAM5.	Alanine	0-7	PGAM family member 5, mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase	Homo sapiens	136-141
35532550-7	2022	Substitution of SET8 DNA-binding residues with alanines decreases the SET8-nucleosome interaction and impairs the methyltransferase activity.	Alanine	47-55	lysine methyltransferase 5A	Homo sapiens	70-74
35606890-0	2022	Negative allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors with GluN2B subunit: Alanine-derived benzoxazolone bioisosteres of 2-methyl-3-benzazepine-1,7-diols.	Alanine	70-77	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	54-60
25029243-12	2014	Subsequent studies in Neo1 mice showed attenuated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate, alanine, and proinflammatory cytokines during hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Alanine	100-107	neogenin	Mus musculus	22-26
25005938-5	2014	RESULTS: Mutations of the basic amino acids in the coiled-coil domain, especially K645, K646, R648 and R650, into neutral amino acid alanine completely blocked the interaction of CIN85 with c-Cbl or phosphatidic acid.	Alanine	133-140	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	190-195
25897024-9	2015	Asn-to-Ala mutations SmB and SmD3 caused synthetic defects in the absence of Mud1 or Mud2.	Alanine	7-10	mRNA splicing protein SMD3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-33
25811241-4	2015	The individual substitution of Thr73 and Thr111 residues by neutral alanines caused a marked decrease in the total phosphorylation of 7B2.	Alanine	68-76	secretogranin V	Homo sapiens	134-137
25811241-7	2015	FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation of a common alternatively spliced variant of human 7B2 that lacks Ala100 (thus eliminating the Thr99 phosphorylation consensus site) was similar to the Ala-containing protein, but this variant did not activate proPC2 as efficiently as the Ala-containing protein.	Alanine	98-101	FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase	Homo sapiens	0-6
25811241-7	2015	FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation of a common alternatively spliced variant of human 7B2 that lacks Ala100 (thus eliminating the Thr99 phosphorylation consensus site) was similar to the Ala-containing protein, but this variant did not activate proPC2 as efficiently as the Ala-containing protein.	Alanine	184-187	FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase	Homo sapiens	0-6
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	DNA-binding protein kinase TEL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-19
25886460-8	2015	LA, GLA, AA, ALA and EPA supplementation to LoVo cells suppressed production of PGE2, LTB4,and ALOX5, mPGES expression, but enhanced that of LXA4; whereas DHA enhanced PGE2 and LXA4 synthesis but decreased LTB4 formation and COX-2, ALOX5, mPGES expression.	Alanine	13-16	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	102-107
24819565-9	2014	The C1589A mutations resulted in substitution of alanine 530 in the HIF-2alpha protein with glutamic acid.	Alanine	49-56	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
35563462-6	2022	Additionally, the efficient cleavage of the Val-Ala linker and the subsequent release of the drugs could be verified by lysosomal degradation studies, while radioligand binding studies ensured that the GnRH-III-drug conjugates bound to the GnRH receptor with high affinity.	Alanine	48-51	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	240-253
24676858-5	2014	In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, HSFA4A shows homomeric interaction, which is reduced by alanine replacement of three conserved cysteine residues.	Alanine	156-163	heat shock transcription factor A4A	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-106
24736394-5	2014	We further mapped the interaction regions to the 1-9 armadillo repeats of beta-catenin and the BTB domain of KCTD1, especially Position Ala-30 and His-33.	Alanine	136-139	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-86
35404016-7	2022	When the related amino acid binding site of VISTA was mutated to alanine, the interaction between VISTA and VSIG-8 disappeared.	Alanine	65-72	V-set immunoregulatory receptor	Homo sapiens	98-103
25602620-8	2015	Furthermore, alanine-scanning experiments using Lys40-containing peptides reveal that alpha-tubulin Ser38 is crucial for substrate recognition of alphaTAT1, whereas Asp39, Ile42, the glycine stretch (amino acid residues 43-45) and Asp46 are also involved.	Alanine	13-20	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	146-155
35353249-8	2022	Low-protein diet consumption reduced maternal protein synthesis based on biochemical analysis of serum albumin and hepatic protein levels and immunoblotting of S6 protein, which were increased by BCAA and alanine supplementation.	Alanine	205-212	albumin	Mus musculus	103-110
25704252-4	2015	In this study, we investigated the number and position of HJV cleavage sites by mutagenizing arginine residues (R), potential TMPRSS6 targets, to alanine (A).	Alanine	146-153	hemojuvelin BMP co-receptor	Homo sapiens	58-61
24408033-8	2014	Substituting the three lysine residues in this region of Snl1-M with alanine restores ability to cure [URE3].	Alanine	69-76	Snl1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-63
24550318-4	2014	Alanine scanning of their complementarity-determining regions, coupled with epitope scanning of their epitopes on gp120, revealed putative contact residues at the Ab/gp120 interface.	Alanine	0-7	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
2478618-3	1989	For this purpose a panel of analogs of p120-131 composed of peptides containing single alanine substitutions for each residue was synthesized.	Alanine	87-94	catenin (cadherin associated protein), delta 1	Mus musculus	39-43
24324010-5	2014	Relevant modification sites on Ndd1 were identified by mass spectrometry, and corresponding alanine substitutions were able to suppress a methyl methanesulfonate-induced block in Ndd1 chromatin recruitment.	Alanine	92-99	Ndd1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
24324010-5	2014	Relevant modification sites on Ndd1 were identified by mass spectrometry, and corresponding alanine substitutions were able to suppress a methyl methanesulfonate-induced block in Ndd1 chromatin recruitment.	Alanine	92-99	Ndd1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	179-183
24302736-3	2014	In this study ectopic expression of single alanine-substituted phospho-resistant mutants demonstrated that STMN Ser-38 and Ser-63 phosphorylation were specifically required to maintain interphase microtubules during hyperosmotic stress.	Alanine	43-50	stathmin 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
23962128-8	2014	Wild-type Galphaq and Galphaq cysteine-to-alanine mutants C9A, C10A, and C9A/C10A were transiently coexpressed in HEK293T cells stably expressing TPalpha.	Alanine	42-49	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	22-29
24225952-6	2013	Mutation of the serine to alanine within this HXRXXS site in Amot and AmotL2 established that this site was essential for Hippo core kinase-mediated phosphorylation.	Alanine	26-33	angiomotin like 2	Homo sapiens	70-76
24339986-8	2013	One notable feature of the major site is the insertion of Prp20NLS Ala(18) between the P0 and P1 NLS sites, noted in only a few classical bipartite NLSs.	Alanine	67-70	Ran guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-63
24091598-7	2013	Furthermore, experiments conducted with wild-type (WT) ezrin and a T567A (Ala substituted Thr) dephosphorylated mutant showed a decrease in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MRP2/ABCC2 in T567A-expressing vs. WT ezrin-expressing Caco-2 cells.	Alanine	74-77	ezrin	Homo sapiens	225-230
24278346-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of conserved amino acids in characteristic motifs in p60 revealed that some mutations significantly reduced RNA synthesis but mutating the second asparagine residue in the conserved GDD box was lethal.	Alanine	0-7	interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3	Homo sapiens	82-85
24008121-6	2013	Using the cloned porcine AFAR as a model, site-directed mutagenesis combined with high performance liquid chromatography studies revealed that the substitution of Trp266 with Ala resulted in almost complete loss of catalytic activity for AFB1-dialdehyde.	Alanine	175-178	aldo-keto reductase family 7 member A2	Homo sapiens	25-29
23996074-5	2013	Alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis shows that four conserved hydrophobic residues from the identified binding motif are essential for the interactions with AF9/ENL.	Alanine	0-7	MLLT1 super elongation complex subunit	Homo sapiens	163-166
24005667-9	2013	Simultaneously converting alanine 355 and valine 377 of FAR5 to the corresponding FAR8 residues, leucine and methionine, respectively, almost fully converted FAR5 specificity from 18:0-CoA to 16:0-CoA.	Alanine	26-33	fatty acid reductase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
24005667-9	2013	Simultaneously converting alanine 355 and valine 377 of FAR5 to the corresponding FAR8 residues, leucine and methionine, respectively, almost fully converted FAR5 specificity from 18:0-CoA to 16:0-CoA.	Alanine	26-33	fatty acid reductase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	158-162
23733198-6	2013	In a substudy, serum ADAMTS13 activity was significantly lower in Ala carriers than in Pro/Pro homozygotes and in case subjects with renal, cardiovascular, or combined events than in diabetic control subjects without events.	Alanine	66-69	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	21-29
24066166-0	2013	Insight into the intermolecular recognition mechanism between Keap1 and IKKbeta combining homology modelling, protein-protein docking, molecular dynamics simulations and virtual alanine mutation.	Alanine	178-185	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	72-79
24040040-7	2013	The activity of the key enzymes was estimated and showed that, under these conditions, 50% (Km) of the theoretical maximal (V max = 3654 micromol.g(-1) of cell protein.hour(-1)) Fads2 activity on ALA can be achieved with 81 microM initial ALA.	Alanine	196-199	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
24040040-7	2013	The activity of the key enzymes was estimated and showed that, under these conditions, 50% (Km) of the theoretical maximal (V max = 3654 micromol.g(-1) of cell protein.hour(-1)) Fads2 activity on ALA can be achieved with 81 microM initial ALA.	Alanine	239-242	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
23207405-10	2013	Furthermore, plasma serine levels were significantly elevated in diabetic monkeys, which may indicate a shift in SPT substrate selectivity from serine to alanine or glycine.	Alanine	154-161	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	113-116
23652597-5	2013	The HDAC4-GFP construct having serines 265 and 266 replaced with alanines, HDAC4 (S265/266A)-GFP, did not respond to beta-receptor or PKA activation.	Alanine	65-73	histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
23637126-1	2013	Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) 4 has the potential to truncate proteins with a penultimate alanine, proline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminus.	Alanine	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
23815790-4	2013	In oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), an expansion of an alanine tract at the N-terminus of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) causes muscle symptoms.	Alanine	65-72	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
23815790-5	2013	OPMD patient muscle degeneration initiates after midlife, while at an earlier age carriers of alanine expansion mutant PABPN1 (expPABPN1) are clinically pre-symptomatic.	Alanine	94-101	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
23677473-3	2013	DPPIV is a serine protease present in extracellular fluids that cleaves peptides with a proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 7	Homo sapiens	0-31
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 7	Homo sapiens	33-38
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
23579020-4	2013	Alanine is an N-terminal penultimate residue in Abetas, and we presumed that DPPII and DPPIV could cleave them.	Alanine	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 7	Homo sapiens	77-82
23579020-4	2013	Alanine is an N-terminal penultimate residue in Abetas, and we presumed that DPPII and DPPIV could cleave them.	Alanine	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
23476014-6	2013	The 139-loop perturbations increase P-Rh* binding of arrestin-1 at low temperatures and further change its binding profile on the background of 3A mutant, where the C-tail is detached from the body of the molecule by triple alanine substitution.	Alanine	224-231	S-antigen, retina and pineal gland (arrestin)	Mus musculus	53-63
23506214-1	2013	We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface between nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) essential modulator (NEMO) and IkappaB kinase subunit beta (IKKbeta), an interaction that is critical for NF-kappaB pathway signaling, using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening.	Alanine	311-318	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	178-182
23506214-1	2013	We report a comprehensive analysis of binding energy hot spots at the protein-protein interaction (PPI) interface between nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) essential modulator (NEMO) and IkappaB kinase subunit beta (IKKbeta), an interaction that is critical for NF-kappaB pathway signaling, using experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis and also the FTMap method for computational fragment screening.	Alanine	311-318	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	217-224
23386610-3	2013	Using recombinant catalytic fragments, we demonstrated that a stable proenzyme MASP-1 variant (R448Q) cleaved the inactive, catalytic site Ser-to-Ala variant (S646A).	Alanine	146-149	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
23556749-2	2013	The potential energy surface (PES) of ALA was theoretically calculated at the MP2 and QCISD levels.	Alanine	38-41	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
23416073-6	2013	Indeed, cyclin B1-Cdk1 effectively phosphorylated MPP8 in vitro and on STA mutant of MPP8 (all possible sites phosphorylated by Cdk were substituted by alanine) failed to dissociate from chromatin during early mitosis.	Alanine	152-159	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
23416073-6	2013	Indeed, cyclin B1-Cdk1 effectively phosphorylated MPP8 in vitro and on STA mutant of MPP8 (all possible sites phosphorylated by Cdk were substituted by alanine) failed to dissociate from chromatin during early mitosis.	Alanine	152-159	GCY	Homo sapiens	71-74
23134282-4	2013	In this study, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutive expression of mutated forms of alpha-tubulin6 (TUA6) at K40 (TUA6(K40A) or TUA6(K40Q) ), in which K40 is replaced by alanine or glutamine, result in severely reduced plant size.	Alanine	182-189	Tubulin/FtsZ family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	112-116
23134282-4	2013	In this study, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutive expression of mutated forms of alpha-tubulin6 (TUA6) at K40 (TUA6(K40A) or TUA6(K40Q) ), in which K40 is replaced by alanine or glutamine, result in severely reduced plant size.	Alanine	182-189	Tubulin/FtsZ family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	116-117
22974427-8	2013	CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Bak LS or Bak/Mcl-1 LS ratio may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT.	Alanine	164-167	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	47-52
23299338-0	2013	A novel abi5 allele reveals the importance of the conserved Ala in the C3 domain for regulation of downstream genes and salt tolerance during germination in Arabidopsis.	Alanine	60-63	Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-12
23382199-4	2013	We then constructed OxdA mutants in which each of the polar amino acids lying within ~6 A of the iron atom of the heme was converted to alanine.	Alanine	136-143	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	20-24
23311346-0	2013	Mutation of trimethyllysine 72 to alanine enhances His79-heme-mediated dynamics of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	34-41	threonine ammonia-lyase ILV1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-88
23311346-0	2013	Mutation of trimethyllysine 72 to alanine enhances His79-heme-mediated dynamics of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	34-41	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	89-101
23390166-12	2013	Since the key role of GST is to inactivate toxic compounds, the drastic fall in its activity together with the accumulation of ALA would account for the symptoms of this hepatic disease model.	Alanine	127-130	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
23104469-6	2013	The ORF3 protein interacts with the tumor susceptibility gene 101, a critical cellular protein required for the budding of enveloped viruses, through the Pro, Ser, Ala, and Pro (PSAP) motif in infected cells; ORF3 is co-localized with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the cytoplasm of infected cells, thus suggesting that HEV requires the MVB pathway for the egress of virus particles.	Alanine	164-167	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
23104469-6	2013	The ORF3 protein interacts with the tumor susceptibility gene 101, a critical cellular protein required for the budding of enveloped viruses, through the Pro, Ser, Ala, and Pro (PSAP) motif in infected cells; ORF3 is co-localized with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the cytoplasm of infected cells, thus suggesting that HEV requires the MVB pathway for the egress of virus particles.	Alanine	164-167	tumor susceptibility 101	Homo sapiens	36-65
23104469-6	2013	The ORF3 protein interacts with the tumor susceptibility gene 101, a critical cellular protein required for the budding of enveloped viruses, through the Pro, Ser, Ala, and Pro (PSAP) motif in infected cells; ORF3 is co-localized with multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in the cytoplasm of infected cells, thus suggesting that HEV requires the MVB pathway for the egress of virus particles.	Alanine	164-167	ankyrin repeat, SAM and basic leucine zipper domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
23408788-6	2013	Biochemical assays using purified Gga2p VHS-GGA and TOM1 (GAT) and glutathione S-transferase-Kex2p C-tail fusions show that Gga2p binds directly to the Kex2p C-tail, with relative affinities Asp(780) &gt; Ser(780) &gt; Ala(780).	Alanine	219-222	phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	124-129
23956997-1	2013	Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase catalyzes the transamination between L-alanine and glyoxylate to produce pyruvate and glycine using pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP) as cofactor.	Alanine	73-82	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-35
23484211-2	2013	Based on these estimations, a three-dimensional model of Lys-Glu and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide interactions with DNA sites (GCAG and ATTTC) located in the promoter zones of genes encoding CD5, IL-2, MMP2, and Tram1 signal molecules.	Alanine	69-72	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	186-189
24035023-0	2013	Identification of the critical amino acid residues of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G epitopes on alphas1-casein by alanine scanning analysis.	Alanine	122-129	casein alpha s1	Bos taurus	104-118
24035023-3	2013	This study aimed to map IgE- and IgG-binding epitopes of alphas1-casein by the serology method, and identify the critical amino acids of alphas1-casein by alanine scanning analysis.	Alanine	155-162	casein alpha s1	Bos taurus	137-151
23577064-5	2013	Furthermore, double and triple alanine point mutations spanning residues 6 to 19 in the yeast IC homolog, Pac11, produce significant defects in spindle positioning.	Alanine	31-38	dynein intermediate chain	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	106-111
22986169-3	2012	We examined the hypothesis that rhythmic GSK3 activity is critical for robust circadian rhythmicity using GSK3alpha(21A/21A)/beta(9A/9A) knock-in mice with serine-alanine substitutions at the inhibitory phosphorylation sites, making both forms constitutively active.	Alanine	163-170	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	41-45
23012370-8	2012	Analysis of the cleavage sites of pseudoalterin on elastin showed that pseudoalterin cleaves the glycyl bonds in hydrophobic regions and the peptide bonds Ala-Ala, Ala-Lys, and Lys-Ala involved in cross-linking.	Alanine	155-158	elastin	Bos taurus	51-58
22796344-8	2012	Sequence comparison revealed the presence of an alanine at position 253 on zebrafish 11beta-HSD2, corresponding to cysteine-264 in the substrate-binding pocket of the human enzyme.	Alanine	48-55	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	85-96
23383503-8	2012	RESULTS: In glycerol-alanine medium, overexpression of the rsmA gene results in dramatical decrease of pyocyanin production in PA-RG and PAO1 strain.	Alanine	21-28	carbon storage regulator	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	59-63
22969084-6	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of predicted catalytic residues showed the predicted loss of in vitro mART activity and cytotoxicity.	Alanine	0-7	ADP-ribosyltransferase 2b	Mus musculus	99-103
22628213-3	2012	The two-spidroin (MaSp) model suggests that spider major ampullate (MA) silk is composed of two proteins-MaSp1 predominately contains alanine and glycine and forms strength enhancing beta-sheet crystals, while MaSp2 contains proline and forms elastic spirals.	Alanine	134-141	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
22627758-8	2012	The addition of two alanines to the signal sequence resulted in correct hGM-CSF processing.	Alanine	20-28	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	72-79
22785121-3	2012	In contrast, function was preserved when Gly-56 and Gly-59 (the other conservative GXXG motif in human PCFT) were replaced with alanine.	Alanine	128-135	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
22785121-4	2012	Similarly, Gly-93 and Gly-97, which constitute the only conserved GXXXG dimerization motif in human PCFT, tolerated alanine substitution.	Alanine	116-123	solute carrier family 46 member 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Alanine	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Alanine	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
22814108-5	2012	Experiments were performed in mutant mice in which Akt/SGK-dependent GSK3alpha,beta inhibition was disrupted by replacement of the serine residue in the respective SGK/Akt-phosphorylation consensus sequence by alanine (gsk3(KI)).	Alanine	210-217	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	55-58
22681513-6	2012	Ala(E14)Gly promoted lipid oxidation in washed fish muscle more rapidly during iced storage compared to wild type Mb at pH 5.7.	Alanine	0-3	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	4-7
22681513-7	2012	This suggested that the rapid hemin loss from Ala(E14)Gly accelerated lipid oxidation.	Alanine	46-49	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	50-53
22681513-8	2012	Ala(E14)Ser and Ala(E14)Val had little effect on k(ox) but somewhat accelerated net hemin loss.	Alanine	0-3	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	4-7
22681513-8	2012	Ala(E14)Ser and Ala(E14)Val had little effect on k(ox) but somewhat accelerated net hemin loss.	Alanine	0-3	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	20-23
22681513-8	2012	Ala(E14)Ser and Ala(E14)Val had little effect on k(ox) but somewhat accelerated net hemin loss.	Alanine	16-19	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	20-23
22623782-4	2012	Here, we have created a panel of charge-to-alanine mutations in the lumenal domain of A33 to map the B5 interaction site.	Alanine	43-50	glycoprotein A33	Homo sapiens	86-89
22553379-6	2012	Only 1 of 43 risk single nucleotide polymorphisms for type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia, the glucose-increasing major C allele of rs780094 of GCKR, was significantly associated with decreased levels of alanine and isoleucine and elevated levels of glutamine.	Alanine	201-208	glucokinase regulator	Homo sapiens	141-145
22493437-7	2012	rpt3, rpt4, and rpt5 Tyr/Ala mutants, which cluster on one side of the ATPase hexamer, were substantially impaired in their capacity to degrade substrates.	Alanine	25-28	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPT5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
22362770-6	2012	Alanine substitutions at positions Pro-113 Thr-115, Gly-117, Glu-122, and also Gln-109 enhanced the EphA2 receptor down-regulation and decreased p-ERK and p-AKT.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	145-150
22140117-5	2012	When this interaction was interrupted by alanine substitutions of the conserved interacting residues, the corresponding yeast Cdt1 and Mcm6 mutants were defective in DNA replication and the chromatin loading of Mcm2, resulting in cell death.	Alanine	41-48	Tah11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-130
22140117-5	2012	When this interaction was interrupted by alanine substitutions of the conserved interacting residues, the corresponding yeast Cdt1 and Mcm6 mutants were defective in DNA replication and the chromatin loading of Mcm2, resulting in cell death.	Alanine	41-48	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	211-215
22331412-6	2012	Alanine substitutions of predicted myristoylation (glycine-2) and palmitoylation (cysteine-4) residues affected RPS5 PM localization, protein stability, and function in an additive manner, indicating that PM localization is essential to RPS5 function.	Alanine	0-7	Disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class) family	Arabidopsis thaliana	112-116
22331412-6	2012	Alanine substitutions of predicted myristoylation (glycine-2) and palmitoylation (cysteine-4) residues affected RPS5 PM localization, protein stability, and function in an additive manner, indicating that PM localization is essential to RPS5 function.	Alanine	0-7	Disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class) family	Arabidopsis thaliana	237-241
22281400-3	2012	We created several variants of the truncated JAK2 (GST/(NDelta661)rJAK2), which incorporated cysteine-to-serine or cysteine-to-alanine mutations.	Alanine	127-134	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	45-49
22365192-10	2012	This event results in the occurrence of an additional alanine (A) residue in the protein that disrupts a putative atypical N-glycosylation site (VNGC/VNAGC) described in human lactadherin.	Alanine	54-61	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Homo sapiens	176-187
22396417-5	2012	Overexpression of wild-type Tau or mutated forms in which these sites had been changed to either unphosphorylatable alanines or phosphomimetic aspartates inhibited mitochondrial movement in the neurite processes of PC12 cells as well as the axons of mouse brain cortical neurons.	Alanine	116-124	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	28-31
22248692-3	2012	By using substituted peptides we also show that the sequence surrounding Ser-129 is optimally shaped for undergoing phosphorylation by PLK2, with special reference to the two acidic residues at positions n-3 (Glu-126) and n+2 (Glu-131) whose replacement with alanine abrogates phosphorylation.	Alanine	259-266	polo like kinase 2	Homo sapiens	135-139
21607544-6	2012	Kinetic analysis indicates that mALT enzyme is more efficient in catalyzing the conversion of L: -alanine to pyruvate than the reverse reaction.	Alanine	94-105	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	32-36
22028412-7	2012	Moreover, point mutations of IRS-1 at Ser(636/639) to Ala prevented the ANG II-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.	Alanine	54-57	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
22111545-6	2012	Consistent with this hypothesis, replacing the equivalent residue in GluK3 (alanine) with a serine imparts 18i antagonist activity.	Alanine	76-83	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
21964250-6	2012	In particular, we tested 17-AAG, ibuprofen, 4-PBA, curcumin, trehalose, congo red and chrysamine G for their ability to i) recover the nuclear localisation of polyAla expanded PHOX2B, ii) rescue of PHOX2B mediated transactivation of the DBH promoter, and iii) clearance of PHOX2B (+13 Ala) aggregates.	Alanine	163-166	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	237-240
22952452-7	2012	Blocking tau phosphorylation at Ser262 site by PAR-1 knockdown or by mutating the Ser262 site to unphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the enhancement of tau-induced neurodegeneration caused by milton knockdown.	Alanine	116-123	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	9-12
22952452-7	2012	Blocking tau phosphorylation at Ser262 site by PAR-1 knockdown or by mutating the Ser262 site to unphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the enhancement of tau-induced neurodegeneration caused by milton knockdown.	Alanine	116-123	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	154-157
22079637-0	2011	Structure-activity relationship of T-cell receptors based on alanine scanning.	Alanine	61-68	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	35-51
22079637-6	2011	We changed 16 amino acids in the third complementarity-determining region within the TCR to alanine and examined the effect on binding affinity.	Alanine	92-99	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	85-88
22079637-7	2011	Five alanine substitutions decreased the binding affinity to below 10% compared with that of wild-type TCR.	Alanine	5-12	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	103-106
22079637-8	2011	In contrast, one alanine substitution caused a faster on-rate and slower off-rate, and increased the binding affinity to three times that of the wild-type TCR.	Alanine	17-24	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	155-158
21953453-5	2011	Furthermore, studies of the rBH3 peptides using NMR spectroscopy, fluorescence polarization displacement assays, and alanine scanning data all suggest that they bind to the BH3 binding groove of Mcl-1 selectively over Bcl-x(L).	Alanine	117-124	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	195-200
21873215-3	2011	Two point mutations of leucines 543 and 544 to alanines (L543A, L544A) in helix 12 minimized estrogen-dependent transcriptional activation and reversed the activity of the estrogen antagonists ICI182780 (ICI) and tamoxifen (TAM) into agonists in a similar manner that TAM activated WT ERalpha through AF-1 activation.	Alanine	47-55	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	285-292
21593161-7	2011	The UL6 protein contains nine cysteines that were individually mutated to alanine.	Alanine	74-81	capsid portal protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	4-7
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	GCY	Homo sapiens	83-86
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	GCY	Homo sapiens	83-86
21527354-6	2011	Type BZLF1-B was characterized by a common Ala deletion at residue 127, which was detected in 21 of 89 isolates (23.6%).	Alanine	43-46	protein Zta	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	5-10
21806093-3	2011	Both for molecular clusters (H(2)O)(64) and a system with fragmentation across covalent bonds, a capped alanine decamer, the analytic FMO-MP2 energy gradients with the electrostatic dimer approximation are shown to be complete and accurate by comparing them with the corresponding numeric gradients.	Alanine	104-111	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
21471193-5	2011	We show that alanine substitution of these residues blocks the binding of arrestin-1 to rhodopsin in vitro and of arrestin-2 and -3 to beta2-adrenergic, M2 muscarinic cholinergic, and D2 dopamine receptors in intact cells, suggesting that these elements critically contribute to the energy of the interaction.	Alanine	13-20	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	74-84
21564097-4	2011	Consistent with these findings, preventing GluR1 phosphorylation with the alanine mutant GluR1(S845A) reduces glutamate-evoked currents in cultured medium spiny neurons and blocks the locomotor activity produced by NAcc amphetamine.	Alanine	74-81	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
21564097-4	2011	Consistent with these findings, preventing GluR1 phosphorylation with the alanine mutant GluR1(S845A) reduces glutamate-evoked currents in cultured medium spiny neurons and blocks the locomotor activity produced by NAcc amphetamine.	Alanine	74-81	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
21685874-5	2011	The tandem Tudor domains in Sgf29 tightly pack against each other face-to-face with each Tudor domain harbouring a negatively charged pocket accommodating the first residue alanine and methylated K4 residue of histone H3, respectively.	Alanine	173-180	SAGA complex associated factor 29	Homo sapiens	28-33
21521785-3	2011	Successful interaction of SCF(beta-TrcP) complex with beta-TrcP binding motif (DS(52)GNES(56)) present in Vpu is essential because mutant Vpu possessing specific alanine substitutions (DA(52)GNEA(56)) in the beta-TrcP binding motif not only failed to stabilize p53 protein but was also unable to inhibit ubiquitination of p53 protein.	Alanine	162-169	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	30-39
21521785-3	2011	Successful interaction of SCF(beta-TrcP) complex with beta-TrcP binding motif (DS(52)GNES(56)) present in Vpu is essential because mutant Vpu possessing specific alanine substitutions (DA(52)GNEA(56)) in the beta-TrcP binding motif not only failed to stabilize p53 protein but was also unable to inhibit ubiquitination of p53 protein.	Alanine	162-169	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	54-63
21521785-3	2011	Successful interaction of SCF(beta-TrcP) complex with beta-TrcP binding motif (DS(52)GNES(56)) present in Vpu is essential because mutant Vpu possessing specific alanine substitutions (DA(52)GNEA(56)) in the beta-TrcP binding motif not only failed to stabilize p53 protein but was also unable to inhibit ubiquitination of p53 protein.	Alanine	162-169	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	54-63
21668998-5	2011	G-CSFa contains alanine 17 (instead of cysteine 17 as in wild-type G-CSF) as well as four additional amino acids including methionine, arginine, glycine, and serine at the amino-terminus.	Alanine	16-23	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
21426346-5	2011	We show that the Aplysia eEF2K orthologue contains an S6 kinase phosphorylation site and that a serine-to-alanine mutation at this site blocks the ability of 5-HT to decrease eEF2 phosphorylation in neurites.	Alanine	106-113	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
21526770-6	2011	A non-phosphorylatable alanine substitution mutant at this position causes enhanced interaction of PACT with TRBP and leads to a loss of PKR activation.	Alanine	23-30	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	137-140
21454474-6	2011	In the present study, we constructed yeast Rad52 mutants in which the amino acid residues corresponding to the second DNA-binding site of the human Rad52 protein were replaced with either alanine or aspartic acid.	Alanine	188-195	recombinase RAD52	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-48
21563331-12	2004	A DOTA-Gly-benzoyl group was added to the C-terminus to form DOTA-Gly-benzoyl-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM1).	Alanine	92-95	GCY	Homo sapiens	108-111
21818414-3	2011	Natural aggregation of wild-type (WT) PABPN1 is not known to be disease-associated, but alanine-expanded PABPN1 (expPABPN1) accumulates in insoluble intranuclear inclusions in muscle of patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	88-95	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	105-111
21262517-3	2011	Alanine-substitution within Core regions I, II, III and IV identified residues that specifically mediate the Core-IQGAP1 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-120
21199860-3	2011	In most patients, this (GCG)(6) repeat is expanded to (GCG)(8-13), leading to a stretch of 12-17 alanines in mutant PABPN1, which is thought to confer a toxic gain of function.	Alanine	97-105	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	116-122
25803612-4	2015	This was done in mice using homologous recombination to introduce a point mutation in the alpha7 receptor that replaces the glutamate residue 260 that lines the pore with alanine (alpha7E260A), which has been implicated in controlling the exceptional calcium ion conductance of this receptor.	Alanine	171-178	integrin alpha 7	Mus musculus	90-96
25578862-4	2015	In fibroblasts expressing NHE1 alanine mutants for either Rock (T653A) or ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk; S703A) we show that each site is partially responsible for the LPA-induced increase in transport activity while NHE1 phosphorylation by either Rock or Rsk at their respective site is sufficient for LPA stimulated stress fiber formation and migration.	Alanine	31-38	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	74-93
25578862-4	2015	In fibroblasts expressing NHE1 alanine mutants for either Rock (T653A) or ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk; S703A) we show that each site is partially responsible for the LPA-induced increase in transport activity while NHE1 phosphorylation by either Rock or Rsk at their respective site is sufficient for LPA stimulated stress fiber formation and migration.	Alanine	31-38	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	95-98
24384068-8	2015	Comparison of normal and mutant protein structures of Nsun7 indicated that the amino acid serine was converted to alanine, the structure of the helix, coil and strand was changed, and the protein folding and ligand binding sites were changed in samples from asthenospermic men with a transversion mutation in exon 7, indicating impairment of protein function.	Alanine	114-121	NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 7	Homo sapiens	54-59
25667979-6	2015	On the other hand, amino acid substitution of Tyr180, a Pocket 1 residue, with Ala caused loss of binding to ALIX, but maintained binding to Sec31A.	Alanine	79-82	programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	109-113
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Alanine	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Alanine	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25400524-7	2014	For all three receptors, beta1AR, A2AR, and NTSR1, we observed that mutations of hydrophobic residues in the transmembrane domain to alanine that have high stability scores correlate with high experimental thermostability.	Alanine	133-140	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	34-38
25375337-8	2014	It was found that the substitutions of Arg at positions 41 and 46 with Ala results in peptide analogues that reduce the severity of MOG-induced EAE clinical symptoms in C57BL/6 mice when co-administered with mouse MOG35-55 peptide at the time of immunization.	Alanine	71-74	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Mus musculus	132-135
25231989-6	2014	We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected.	Alanine	97-104	cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	29-35
25231989-6	2014	We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected.	Alanine	97-104	cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
25231989-6	2014	We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3beta-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected.	Alanine	97-104	cytoplasmic linker associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	106-112
25202012-4	2014	A single alanine substitution at any of these decreases GCase binding to LIMP-2 and alters its pH-dependent binding as well as diminishing the trafficking of GCase to the lysosome and significantly increasing GCase secretion.	Alanine	9-16	scavenger receptor class B member 2	Homo sapiens	73-79
25321482-11	2014	Correspondingly, constitutive activation of FoxO1 (all three AKT sites were replaced by alanines) also promoted MGC apoptosis despite FSH administration.	Alanine	88-96	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	44-49
25237136-4	2014	Although AGT(P11LG170R) is functional, the enzyme must be in the peroxisome to detoxify glyoxylate by conversion to alanine; in disease, amassed glyoxylate in the peroxisome is transported to the cytosol and converted to oxalate by lactate dehydrogenase, leading to kidney failure.	Alanine	116-123	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	9-12
24719229-2	2014	This study aimed to demonstrate possible associations between genetic polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 3, interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) and DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including the phenotypes lupus nephritis and malar rash, as well as the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acid-containing complexes.	Alanine	179-182	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
25148941-6	2014	Substitution of these residues with those that have similar hydrophobic side chains such as Leucine (V113L) and Alanine (L192A), however, allowed CB2 to retain both its ligand binding and signaling functions.	Alanine	112-119	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	146-149
25086033-6	2014	Mammalian NKCCs are regulated by a kinase cascade consisting of the with-no-lysine (WNK) and Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich (SPAK)/oxidative stress response (OSR1) kinases.	Alanine	115-122	serine/threonine kinase 24	Homo sapiens	93-98
24919570-9	2014	These effects of TMEM16A expression on tumor cell size and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) required the amino acid residue serine 970 (S970); however, mutation of S970 to alanine does not disrupt the proliferative advantages of TMEM16A overexpression.	Alanine	182-189	anoctamin 1	Homo sapiens	17-24
24705954-3	2014	In the case of BCHE (stoichiometric bioscavenger) substitution, Ala/Thr (A/T) at position 539 produces the so-called "K-variant" of the enzyme (rs1803274).	Alanine	64-67	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	15-19
24907275-6	2014	In the present study, we produced and characterized a mutant form of mouse Pdpn-Fc, in which threonine 34, which is considered essential for CLEC-2 binding, was mutated to alanine (PdpnT34A-Fc).	Alanine	172-179	podoplanin	Mus musculus	75-79
24981199-3	2014	Investigation of TGFBR1 has focused on the common genetic variant rs11466445, a short exonic deletion of nine base pairs which results in truncation of a stretch of nine alanine residues to six alanine residues in the gene product.	Alanine	170-177	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
24981199-3	2014	Investigation of TGFBR1 has focused on the common genetic variant rs11466445, a short exonic deletion of nine base pairs which results in truncation of a stretch of nine alanine residues to six alanine residues in the gene product.	Alanine	194-201	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-23
24706745-4	2014	In sharp contrast, mice homozygous for a point mutation in the Prss8 gene, which causes the substitution of the active site serine within the catalytic histidine-aspartate-serine triad with alanine and renders prostasin catalytically inactive (Prss8(Cat-/Cat-) mice), develop barrier function and are healthy when followed for up to 20 weeks.	Alanine	190-197	protease, serine 8 (prostasin)	Mus musculus	63-68
24781523-5	2014	Changing PP2A substrate phosphorylation sites to alanines slows degradation of free securin, delays separase activation, lengthens early anaphase, and results in anaphase bridges and DNA damage.	Alanine	49-57	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	9-13
24781523-5	2014	Changing PP2A substrate phosphorylation sites to alanines slows degradation of free securin, delays separase activation, lengthens early anaphase, and results in anaphase bridges and DNA damage.	Alanine	49-57	PTTG1 regulator of sister chromatid separation, securin	Homo sapiens	84-91
24524250-0	2014	Alanine-(87)-threonine polymorphism impairs signaling and internalization of the human P2Y11 receptor, when co-expressed with the P2Y1 receptor.	Alanine	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y11	Homo sapiens	87-92
24524250-0	2014	Alanine-(87)-threonine polymorphism impairs signaling and internalization of the human P2Y11 receptor, when co-expressed with the P2Y1 receptor.	Alanine	0-7	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	130-143
24563540-4	2014	In the GNAQ-mutant cells, AEB071 decreased phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate, a substrate of PKC, along with ERK1/2 and ribosomal S6, but persistent AKT activation was present.	Alanine	76-83	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	7-11
24760083-5	2014	Mutation of these residues to alanine caused a significant decrease in the melting temperature according to differential scanning fluorimetry experiments, indicating a reduced stability of the mutant hHsp90 complexes.	Alanine	30-37	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	200-206
24449764-6	2014	A DLL1 variant, in which all three identified phosphorylated serine/threonine residues are mutated to alanine and valine, was more stable than wild-type DLL1 but had reduced relative levels on the cell surface and was more effectively cleaved in the extracellular domain.	Alanine	102-109	delta like canonical Notch ligand 1	Mus musculus	2-6
24589734-4	2014	In this study, we demonstrated using in vitro kinase assays and alanine replacement of serine residues that JNK phosphorylated the STMN-like domain (SLD) of SCG10 on Ser73, consistent with our previous finding that STMN Ser38 was the primary JNK target site.	Alanine	64-71	stathmin 2	Homo sapiens	157-162
24614120-2	2014	Sheep homozygous for alanine at codon 136 and arginine at codons 154 and 171 (ARR/ARR) of the Prnp gene are historically considered to be highly resistant to classical scrapie, although they form a significant fraction of cases of atypical scrapie.	Alanine	21-28	major prion protein	Ovis aries	94-98
24327170-6	2014	Compared with day 0, fatty acid synthase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzyme activities in s.c. adipose tissue increased by day 14 in steers infused with either alanine or arginine (all P &lt; 0.01).	Alanine	205-212	phosphogluconate dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	81-113
24465541-6	2014	Systematic site directed and alanine scanning mutagenesis identified the region of aa 268-275 of uPAR as the epitope for ATN-658.	Alanine	29-36	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	97-101
24269578-7	2014	GLN+ALA group exhibited higher HSP70 (only in the nucleus) and HSF1 (cytosol and nucleus).	Alanine	4-7	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
24269578-7	2014	GLN+ALA group exhibited higher HSP70 (only in the nucleus) and HSF1 (cytosol and nucleus).	Alanine	4-7	heat shock transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
24269578-9	2014	SIGNIFICANCE: In trained rats, oral supplementation with DIP or GLN+ALA solution increased the expression of muscle HSP70, favored muscle l-glutamine/GSH status and improved redox defenses, which attenuate markers of muscle damage, thus improving the beneficial effects of high-intensity exercise training.	Alanine	68-71	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
23815761-10	2014	MD simulations of Alanine (Ala) mutants revealed that WYK-&gt;Ala variant of NPB/NPW lacked crucial H-bond interactions with phospholipid headgroups and also caused severe misfolding in NPB.	Alanine	18-25	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	77-80
23815761-10	2014	MD simulations of Alanine (Ala) mutants revealed that WYK-&gt;Ala variant of NPB/NPW lacked crucial H-bond interactions with phospholipid headgroups and also caused severe misfolding in NPB.	Alanine	18-21	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	77-80
23815761-10	2014	MD simulations of Alanine (Ala) mutants revealed that WYK-&gt;Ala variant of NPB/NPW lacked crucial H-bond interactions with phospholipid headgroups and also caused severe misfolding in NPB.	Alanine	27-30	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	77-80
23815761-10	2014	MD simulations of Alanine (Ala) mutants revealed that WYK-&gt;Ala variant of NPB/NPW lacked crucial H-bond interactions with phospholipid headgroups and also caused severe misfolding in NPB.	Alanine	27-30	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	186-189
24121535-5	2013	Alanine scanning of amino acid residues engaged in polar contacts with the DNA showed that certain non-specific contacts with the DNA backbone are very important for both the binding affinity and the binding specificity of FOXO4-DBD.	Alanine	0-7	forkhead box O4	Homo sapiens	223-228
24266532-5	2013	The IKKbeta binding affinities of mutants with five and seven Cys-to-Ala substitutions are indistinguishable from that of wild-type NEMO.	Alanine	69-72	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	4-11
24266532-7	2013	Treatment of the NEMO-reconstituted cells with H2O2 led to the formation of covalent dimers for wild-type NEMO and the five-Ala mutant, but not for the seven-Ala mutant, confirming that Cys54 and/or Cys347 can mediate interchain disulfide bonding.	Alanine	124-127	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	17-21
24266532-7	2013	Treatment of the NEMO-reconstituted cells with H2O2 led to the formation of covalent dimers for wild-type NEMO and the five-Ala mutant, but not for the seven-Ala mutant, confirming that Cys54 and/or Cys347 can mediate interchain disulfide bonding.	Alanine	158-161	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	17-21
24059293-5	2013	Surprisingly, an alanine residue substitution for Ser(89) enhanced RIP1 kinase activity and TNF-induced programmed necrosis without affecting RIP1-RIP3 necrosome formation.	Alanine	17-24	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
24198284-0	2013	An alanine-to-proline mutation in the BB-loop of TLR3 Toll/IL-1R domain switches signalling adaptor specificity from TRIF to MyD88.	Alanine	3-10	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
24198284-2	2013	The antiviral Toll, TLR3, is unusual because it has alanine instead of proline at this position and is the only human TLR that associates directly with the adaptor molecule TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) rather than MyD88.	Alanine	52-59	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
24068708-7	2013	These findings suggest that in WT antithrombin there are two major complementary sources of conformational activation of antithrombin, probably involving altered contacts of side chains of Tyr-131 and Ala-134 with core hydrophobic residues, whereas the reactive center loop hinge expulsion plays only a minor additional role.	Alanine	201-204	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	34-46
24068708-7	2013	These findings suggest that in WT antithrombin there are two major complementary sources of conformational activation of antithrombin, probably involving altered contacts of side chains of Tyr-131 and Ala-134 with core hydrophobic residues, whereas the reactive center loop hinge expulsion plays only a minor additional role.	Alanine	201-204	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	121-133
24236072-0	2013	Single, double and quadruple alanine substitutions at oligomeric interfaces identify hydrophobicity as the key determinant of human neutrophil alpha defensin HNP1 function.	Alanine	29-36	HNP1	Homo sapiens	158-162
23858103-4	2013	Kinetic studies showed that substitution of Trp258 with alanine resulted in monophasic kinetics for estrone-3-sulfate uptake, with a significantly higher Km value (Km = 12.0 +- 2.8 muM) than the high-affinity component of wild-type OATP1B1 (Km = 0.38 +- 0.06 muM).	Alanine	56-63	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	232-239
23845699-3	2013	We conducted a phase I study to determine MTD and DLT of PDT in patients treated with ALA for leukoplakia.	Alanine	86-89	metallothionein 1E	Homo sapiens	42-45
23897481-7	2013	Pro184 makes a ring-to-ring interaction with Trp53 of Cul5, which is substituted by alanine in Cul2.	Alanine	84-91	cullin 5	Homo sapiens	54-58
23612654-9	2013	Additional alanines in PABPN1 lead to the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	11-19	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
23849069-3	2013	HLA-B*58:43 was identical to HLA-B*58:02 with the exception of a nucleotide change at codon 125 in exon 3 (GCC ACC), and resulted in the amino acid change from Alanine to Threonine.	Alanine	160-167	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	0-5
23849069-3	2013	HLA-B*58:43 was identical to HLA-B*58:02 with the exception of a nucleotide change at codon 125 in exon 3 (GCC ACC), and resulted in the amino acid change from Alanine to Threonine.	Alanine	160-167	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	29-34
23936151-6	2013	Sequencing of candidate gene TECTA revealed a heterozygous c.5945C&gt;A substitution in exon 19, causing amino acid substitution of Ala to Asp at a conservative position 1982.	Alanine	132-135	tectorin alpha	Homo sapiens	29-34
23815790-4	2013	In oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), an expansion of an alanine tract at the N-terminus of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) causes muscle symptoms.	Alanine	65-72	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	100-133
23660596-7	2013	Furthermore the expression of alanine (A) 134-MafA, but not A57-MafA, reduced the oxidative stress-mediated loss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which was independent of p38 MAPK action on protein kinase D, a regulator of insulin secretion.	Alanine	30-37	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Homo sapiens	46-50
23696840-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 is responsible for the degradation of several peptides that contain an alanine or proline at the penultimate position or position P1.	Alanine	111-118	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	11-39
23665899-3	2013	In the current study, the interaction mechanism of phenylalanine derivative TPH1 inhibitors was investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, free energy calculations, free energy decomposition analysis and computational alanine scanning.	Alanine	57-64	tryptophan hydroxylase 1	Homo sapiens	76-80
23407708-4	2013	Serine to alanine substitutions at 3 of 6 putative cGKI phosphorylation sites (Ser691, Ser873, and Ser1112) in the BKCa alpha subunit individually reduced direct channel phosphorylation by 25-60% and blocked BKCa activation by either an NO donor or a membrane-permeable cGMP by 80-100%.	Alanine	10-17	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
23388716-6	2013	These results indicated that the mutations created by substitution of residues 443 to 448 for alanine (Sub19) impair repression of transcription of IFN-inducible genes, by the E1B, 55-kDa protein, consistent with their location in a segment required for repression of p53-dependent transcription.	Alanine	94-101	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	176-179
23362265-5	2013	We have functionally characterized alanine mutants of the C-terminal tail of SLN using co-reconstituted proteoliposomes of SERCA and SLN.	Alanine	35-42	sarcolipin	Homo sapiens	77-80
23193163-4	2013	A total of 48 amino acid residues in the S6 segment, S4-S5 linker, and the proximal C-terminus of the KCNQ1 channel were mutated individually to alanine; alanines were mutated to cysteines.	Alanine	145-152	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
23468625-6	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutagenesis within the IkappaBalpha-like motif of A49 abolished beta-TrCP binding, stabilisation of p-IkappaBalpha and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	10-17	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	82-91
23312330-3	2013	For decades, the production of specific antibodies for this recombinant isoform of bovine somatotropin (bST) has remained elusive, due to the high degree of sequence homology between both counterparts (e.g. methionine for rMbST in substitution of alanine in bST at the N-terminus).	Alanine	247-254	somatotropin	Bos taurus	90-102
23066870-0	2013	Optimization of CD4/gp120 inhibitors by thermodynamic-guided alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	61-68	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
23296605-7	2013	Citrullination of specific arginine residues in native S100A3 can be mimicked by site-directed mutagenic substitution of Arg/Ala.	Alanine	125-128	S100 calcium binding protein A3	Homo sapiens	55-61
23591884-3	2013	Here, however, systematic alanine mutagenesis of the entire carboxyl tail of an L-type CaV1.3 channel casts doubt on this paradigm.	Alanine	26-33	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Homo sapiens	87-93
23112049-6	2012	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was used to determine the role of each amino acid and the positional sequence requirement in a cell-based Shh palmitoylation assay.	Alanine	0-7	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	135-138
23233849-4	2012	However, Phe-to-Ala (F318A) mutation in MCHR1 had no significant effect on the level of cell surface expression and receptor signaling.	Alanine	16-19	melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
22898643-4	2012	We identified the amino acids in this domain required for the association of p27 with membranes using alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	102-109	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	77-80
23131831-8	2012	Replacement of the IKKgamma/NEMO S377 residue by alanine (S377A) or glutamic acid (S377E) resulted in a significant increase or decrease of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha-mediated IL-6 cytokine production, respectively.	Alanine	49-56	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	19-27
23131831-8	2012	Replacement of the IKKgamma/NEMO S377 residue by alanine (S377A) or glutamic acid (S377E) resulted in a significant increase or decrease of NF-kappaB activity and TNF-alpha-mediated IL-6 cytokine production, respectively.	Alanine	49-56	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	28-32
22733492-10	2012	Prediction of the 3-D structure shows mutations 36Asp   Asn, 38Asn   Asp and 43 Ile   Thr were on the concave surface of LBP protein at barrel-N, 67Ala   Thr was in the apolar pocket at barrel-N. Motif analysis shows 36Asp   Asn causes loss of a CK2 phosphorylation site, 67 Ala   Thr forms a new PKC phosphorylation site.	Alanine	148-151	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Bos taurus	121-124
22728135-4	2012	Moreover, in cardiomyocytes, replacement of these charged residues by alanine severely affects the incorporation of myosin into the distal ends of the sarcomere.	Alanine	70-77	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	116-122
22684024-0	2012	Alanine or aspartic acid substitutions at serine23/24 of cardiac troponin I decrease thin filament activation, with no effect on crossbridge detachment kinetics.	Alanine	0-7	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	57-75
22542772-9	2012	The (15)N incorporation from [(15)NH(4)(+)] into glutamate, aspartate and alanine was decreased in astrocytes exhibiting reduced GDH activity.	Alanine	74-81	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
22542772-12	2012	In contrast, when exposing the astrocytes to [(15)N]glutamate, the reduced GDH activity led to an increased (15)N incorporation into glutamate, aspartate and alanine and a large increase in the content of glutamate and aspartate.	Alanine	158-165	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
22449615-7	2012	By means of an (Ala)3 mutagenic scan in which consecutive sets of three amino acids were mutated into alanine residues in EL2 and a classical alanine scan in EL3, we revealed a strong regulatory role for the second extracellular loop (EL2) of the human adenosine A1 receptor.	Alanine	142-149	spectrin beta, erythrocytic	Homo sapiens	158-161
22520078-6	2012	On the cytosolic side of the active Zn(2+)-binding site inside the transmembrane pore, Ala substitution of either Asn258 in TM5 or Ser101 in TM2 non-selectively enhanced the metal tolerance conferred by AtMTP1.	Alanine	87-90	zinc transporter	Arabidopsis thaliana	203-209
22496565-5	2012	Switching a serine at 296 and 307 in the TM3 (transmembrane domain 3) of the alpha1 and alpha3 subunits with an alanine (A) at the equivalent position in the alpha2 subunit converted the alpha1/alpha3 AEA-sensitive receptors to sensitivity resembling that of alpha2.	Alanine	112-119	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	77-94
22343629-4	2012	Using the crystal structure of the SB27 TCR-HLA B*3508(LPEP) complex as a guide, we undertook a comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis approach at the TCR-pMHC-I interface and examined the effect of the mutations by biophysical (affinity measurements) and cellular approaches (tetramer staining).	Alanine	110-117	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	155-158
22095620-6	2012	By comparing the primary sequences of these integrin subunits, we propose that one residue associated with the MIDAS (beta3 Ala(252)) may account for these differences.	Alanine	124-127	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
22334681-6	2012	Alanine mutations of the seven sites ablated the inhibitory effect that Pho85p-Pho80p had on Pah1p activity and on the interaction with liposomes.	Alanine	0-7	phosphatidate phosphatase PAH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-98
22291014-12	2012	Substitutions of these residues with alanine nullify BDP phosphatase activity.	Alanine	37-44	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1K	Homo sapiens	53-56
22262856-7	2012	Subsite +1 analysis revealed three residues (Ala-2249, Gly-2250, and Phe-2214) that are specific to DeltaN(123)-GBD-CD2.	Alanine	45-48	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	116-119
22271514-7	2012	Destabilizing mutation of STAT3 at arginine residues 414/417 to alanine in the DNA-binding domain, previously shown to disrupt nuclear translocation in vivo, reduced interaction with a STAT3 DNA binding site oligonucleotide and Hsp90beta in vitro, indicating that STAT3 requires a functional DNA-binding domain for full direct interaction with Hsp90.	Alanine	64-71	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1	Homo sapiens	228-237
22271514-7	2012	Destabilizing mutation of STAT3 at arginine residues 414/417 to alanine in the DNA-binding domain, previously shown to disrupt nuclear translocation in vivo, reduced interaction with a STAT3 DNA binding site oligonucleotide and Hsp90beta in vitro, indicating that STAT3 requires a functional DNA-binding domain for full direct interaction with Hsp90.	Alanine	64-71	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	228-233
22259190-6	2012	The mRNA and protein levels of hepatic SIRT1 were higher in the ALA group compared to the C group.	Alanine	64-67	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	39-44
22259190-7	2012	SIRT1 activity also was higher in the ALA group, as indicated by the lower levels of acetylated forkhead box class O1 protein levels.	Alanine	38-41	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
22259190-8	2012	In addition, the mRNA level of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 was significantly lower in the ALA group than in the C group.	Alanine	87-90	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha	Mus musculus	31-55
22259190-9	2012	Because SIRT1 plays a key role in lipid homeostasis, the present study suggests that the lycopene metabolite, ALA, protects against the development of steatosis in ob/ob mice by upregulating SIRT1 gene expression and activity.	Alanine	110-113	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	8-13
22259190-9	2012	Because SIRT1 plays a key role in lipid homeostasis, the present study suggests that the lycopene metabolite, ALA, protects against the development of steatosis in ob/ob mice by upregulating SIRT1 gene expression and activity.	Alanine	110-113	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	191-196
22260771-7	2012	Alanine scanning at protein-protein interface reveals that the highest contributors to binding for HK20 Fab are F54 and I56, both of V(H) region, as well as R30" of V(L) region; whereas for D5 Fab, F54 of V(H) region, as well as W32" and Y94" of V(L) region.	Alanine	0-7	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	104-107
22260771-7	2012	Alanine scanning at protein-protein interface reveals that the highest contributors to binding for HK20 Fab are F54 and I56, both of V(H) region, as well as R30" of V(L) region; whereas for D5 Fab, F54 of V(H) region, as well as W32" and Y94" of V(L) region.	Alanine	0-7	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	193-196
22061964-9	2012	Importantly, mutation of S369 to alanine abrogates the ability of dominant negative PP2A to increase NEDD9-mediated cell spreading.	Alanine	33-40	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	84-88
23193442-7	2012	Despite significant homology to BV04-01, not only MRL-4 had no DNA-cleaving activity, but also reversion of its unusual P23 mutation to the germline alanine resulted in a dramatic loss of affinity to DNA.	Alanine	149-156	prostaglandin E synthase 3	Mus musculus	120-123
22081384-1	2012	The major autolysin Acm2 from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 contains high proportions of alanine, serine, and threonine in its N-terminal so-called AST domain.	Alanine	110-117	cell wall hydrolase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	20-24
23285125-8	2012	Nine alanine point-mutants of the hNaa50p/AcCoA/MLG complex were also simulated.	Alanine	5-12	N-alpha-acetyltransferase 50, NatE catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	34-41
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	12-15
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	40-44
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	114-117
21922189-3	2011	PI3/PKB/Akt/SGK-dependent inhibition of GSK3 is disrupted in gene-targeted knockin mice with mutated and thus PKB/SGK-resistant GSK3alpha,ss (gsk3                         (                            KI                         )) where the serine of the PKB/SGK phosphorylation site has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	304-311	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	114-117
21981634-5	2011	Glucose furnished six carbon atoms, and alanine provides four carbon (2 x C-2 and 2 x C-3) and two nitrogen atoms.	Alanine	40-47	complement C2	Homo sapiens	74-83
21981634-7	2011	In addition, when 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) was reacted with a 2-fold excess of alanine, a peak at m/z 199.1433 was also generated, confirming the points of attachment of the two amino acids at C-1 and C-2 atoms of 3-DG.	Alanine	78-85	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	192-203
21824916-6	2011	Cells expressing PNKP with alanine or aspartic acid at serines 114 and 126 were modestly radiosensitive and IR enhanced the association of PNKP with XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV; however, this interaction was not affected by mutation of PNKP phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	27-34	DNA ligase 4	Homo sapiens	159-172
21715326-9	2011	All were effective inhibitors of MMP-1 with nanomolar K(i) values, but TM8, containing Ser(2) to Asp and Ser(4) to Ala substitutions, was the most selective having a nanomolar K(i) value for MMP-1 but no detectable inhibitory activity toward MMP-3 and MMP-14 up to 10 muM.	Alanine	115-118	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
21144910-5	2011	Variants of the third domain (D3) of receptor-associated protein (RAP) were created carrying lysine to alanine or arginine replacements at the putative contact residues K253, K256 and K270.	Alanine	103-110	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-64
21144910-5	2011	Variants of the third domain (D3) of receptor-associated protein (RAP) were created carrying lysine to alanine or arginine replacements at the putative contact residues K253, K256 and K270.	Alanine	103-110	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
21252300-6	2011	An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants.	Alanine	3-10	indole-3-acetic acid inducible 19	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-139
21252300-6	2011	An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants.	Alanine	3-10	indole-3-acetic acid inducible 19	Arabidopsis thaliana	247-252
21252300-6	2011	An alanine-for-leucine substitution in the LxLxL (where L is leucine and x is another amino acid) repression domain of IAA3, IAA6, or IAA19 confers enhanced auxin response gene expression and "high-auxin" phenotypes when expressed from the 35S or IAA19 promoter (as tested with IAA19) in transformed Arabidopsis plants.	Alanine	3-10	indole-3-acetic acid inducible 19	Arabidopsis thaliana	247-252
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Alanine	95-102	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	159-170
21320432-0	2011	Allosteric features of KCNQ1 gating revealed by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	48-55	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
21320432-5	2011	We applied alanine scanning mutagenesis to the S4-S5 linker and pore region and followed the regularities of gating perturbations in KCNQ1.	Alanine	11-18	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
20641535-12	2004	DOTA-Gly-benzoyl group was added to the C-terminus to form DOTA-Gly-benzoyl-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM1).	Alanine	90-93	GCY	Homo sapiens	106-109
27857587-0	2011	Systematic alanine insertion reveals the essential regions that encode structure formation and activity of dihydrofolate reductase.	Alanine	11-18	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	107-130
27857587-5	2011	The "Elements" are defined as regions where the alanine insertion caused DHFR to become unstructured or inactive.	Alanine	48-55	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	73-77
21123452-5	2011	Alanine scan mutagenesis of SMO further identified E518 as a novel prospective mutation site for GDC-0449 resistance.	Alanine	0-7	smoothened, frizzled class receptor	Homo sapiens	28-31
21059642-4	2011	Mutation of the three RUNX1 serines to aspartic acid reduces co-immunoprecipitation with HDAC1 or HDAC3 when expressed in 293T cells; mutation of these three serines to alanine increases HDAC interaction, and mutation of each serine individually to aspartic acid also reduces these interactions.	Alanine	169-176	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
21173253-7	2011	Furthermore, reintroduction of a nonphosphorylatable mutant (Thr-37/46 Ala) of 4E-BP1 was able to partially restore sensitivity and enhance proliferation in AD32 cells, suggesting that these effects are independent of phosphorylation by mTORC1.	Alanine	71-74	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
21673564-4	2011	METHODS: The large intracellular loop of alpha1 GlyRs and alpha1beta2 GABAARs was screened using alanine replacement.	Alanine	97-104	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
2478618-7	1989	Furthermore, a p120-131 analog containing an alanine substitution for the dominant agretopic residue was immunogenic in B10.S mice, but was nonimmunogenic in (B10.S X B10)F1 mice indicating that T cell responsiveness is influenced by MHC class II gene dosage effects and can be inherited in an apparent recessive manner.	Alanine	45-52	catenin (cadherin associated protein), delta 1	Mus musculus	15-19
20691150-1	2011	The H(+)-coupled amino acid transporter PAT2 (SLC36A2) transports the amino acids proline, glycine, alanine and hydroxyproline.	Alanine	100-107	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
20691150-1	2011	The H(+)-coupled amino acid transporter PAT2 (SLC36A2) transports the amino acids proline, glycine, alanine and hydroxyproline.	Alanine	100-107	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Homo sapiens	46-53
2808518-6	1989	Cloning of the tetrapeptide Cys Ala Ile Met to the carboxy terminus of human lamin C resulted in lamin being found in a nuclear envelope-associated form in oocytes.	Alanine	32-35	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	77-82
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21737676-3	2011	Using rela(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts reconstituted with RelA, we find that mutation of the threonine 505 (T505) phospho site to alanine has wide-ranging effects on NF-kappaB function.	Alanine	135-142	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	6-10
21541676-8	2011	In this study, we found a novel mutation of G&gt;T (GCT&gt;TCT) transversion in exon 7 of Axin 2 gene at codon G695T (p.alanine &gt; serine) at a frequency of 6% (3/50).	Alanine	120-127	axin 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
22216341-11	2011	ALA dose-dependently inhibited Fads2 conversion of 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3.	Alanine	0-3	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
2692595-4	1989	Limited proteolysis with thrombin resulted in the cleavage of only a single peptide bond between arginine-132 and alanine-133 in bovine somatotropin dimer.	Alanine	114-121	somatotropin	Bos taurus	136-148
22216341-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The competition between ALA and 24:5n-3 for Fads2 may explain the decrease in DHA levels observed after certain intakes of dietary ALA have been exceeded.	Alanine	37-40	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
22216341-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The competition between ALA and 24:5n-3 for Fads2 may explain the decrease in DHA levels observed after certain intakes of dietary ALA have been exceeded.	Alanine	144-147	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
21901142-6	2011	We found that alanine 52 in extracellular loop 2, glycine 254 in transmembrane (TM) region 2 and intracellular lysine 385 determine the positive modulation of alpha(1) GlyRs by NA-Gly.	Alanine	14-21	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	159-173
21830322-6	2011	Co-expression of GSK3 enhanced the PA28gamma-mediated degradation of MAFA, but mutants that contained alanine substitutions at the MAFA phosphorylation sites did not bind PA28gamma and were resistant to degradation.	Alanine	102-109	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Homo sapiens	131-135
21498506-2	2011	We show here that Amer1 directly interacts with the armadillo repeats of beta-catenin via a domain consisting of repeated arginine-glutamic acid-alanine (REA) motifs, and that Amer1 assembles the beta-catenin destruction complex at the plasma membrane by recruiting beta-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin/Conductin.	Alanine	145-152	APC membrane recruitment protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
21498506-2	2011	We show here that Amer1 directly interacts with the armadillo repeats of beta-catenin via a domain consisting of repeated arginine-glutamic acid-alanine (REA) motifs, and that Amer1 assembles the beta-catenin destruction complex at the plasma membrane by recruiting beta-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin/Conductin.	Alanine	145-152	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	73-85
21498506-2	2011	We show here that Amer1 directly interacts with the armadillo repeats of beta-catenin via a domain consisting of repeated arginine-glutamic acid-alanine (REA) motifs, and that Amer1 assembles the beta-catenin destruction complex at the plasma membrane by recruiting beta-catenin, adenomatous polyposis coli, and Axin/Conductin.	Alanine	145-152	APC membrane recruitment protein 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
2665960-9	1989	The data are discussed with regard to previous findings with insulin analogues in which isoleucine A2 was replaced with norleucine, glycine and alanine.	Alanine	144-151	insulin	Bos taurus	61-68
21501587-7	2011	Within the critical region, substitutions of two phenylalanine residues (Phe202/Phe203) in mouse KRAP to alanines result in failure of the association with IP(3)R, suggesting that the two consecutive phenylalanine residues are indispensable for the association.	Alanine	105-113	ITPR interacting domain containing 2	Mus musculus	97-101
21501587-7	2011	Within the critical region, substitutions of two phenylalanine residues (Phe202/Phe203) in mouse KRAP to alanines result in failure of the association with IP(3)R, suggesting that the two consecutive phenylalanine residues are indispensable for the association.	Alanine	105-113	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	156-162
21563332-12	2004	A DOTA-Gly-benzoyl group was added to the C-terminus to form DOTA-Gly-benzoyl-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM1).	Alanine	92-95	GCY	Homo sapiens	108-111
20972508-0	2010	The effect of active-site isoleucine to alanine mutation on the DHFR catalyzed hydride-transfer.	Alanine	40-47	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	64-68
20662977-6	2010	Sequencing of the HCN4 gene in all patients revealed a C to T transition at nucleotide position 1,454, which resulted in an alanine to valine change (A485V) in the ion channel pore found in most of their bradycardiac relatives, but not in 150 controls.	Alanine	124-131	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
3058511-1	1988	A synthetic peptide Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala, the structure of which is based on that of a phosphorylated sequence in ribosomal protein S6, was employed as a probe for stimulated kinase activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes induced to mature with insulin or progesterone.	Alanine	48-51	insulin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	251-258
20827487-2	2010	C241, C271, C282, C298, C313, and C323, located in the extracellular loop between segment IS5 and the pore helix, were each mutated to alanine; the resultant channels were expressed and studied by patch clamping in HEK293 cells.	Alanine	135-142	IS5	Homo sapiens	90-93
21310943-8	2011	Functionally, migration and invasion is similarly impaired in PKCdelta- or HuR-small interfering RNA-depleted cells and in tumor cells transfected with a nonphosphorylatable serine-to-alanine 318 HuR construct.	Alanine	184-191	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	196-199
3192519-2	1988	We have used site-directed in vitro mutagenesis to alter the codon ACT of human apoCIII gene, specifying Thr-74, to GCT (Ala-74).	Alanine	121-124	apolipoprotein C3	Homo sapiens	80-87
21339478-5	2011	Charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of CSM4 yielded one allele, csm4-3, that confers a csm4Delta-like delay in meiotic prophase but promotes high spore viability.	Alanine	11-18	Csm4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	43-47
21339478-5	2011	Charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of CSM4 yielded one allele, csm4-3, that confers a csm4Delta-like delay in meiotic prophase but promotes high spore viability.	Alanine	11-18	Csm4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	68-72
20921992-4	2010	Under normal growth conditions, Mcl-1 half-life increased with alteration of T163 to glutamic acid, but decreased with mutation to alanine.	Alanine	131-138	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	32-37
20574822-9	2010	A species-specific substitution from alanine to serine was found in all copies at the DNA-binding surface within the HMG-box, suggesting that it occurred in an original SRY.	Alanine	37-44	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	169-172
3693353-10	1987	Amino acid sequencing of the purified tryptic phosphopeptide revealed that this threonine residue lies within the sequence: Ala-Gly-Glu-Thr-Arg-Phe-Thr-Asp-Thr-Arg (residues 51-60 of EF-2).	Alanine	124-127	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
20547979-3	2010	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Five potential inhibitory Ser sites located proximally to the P-Tyr binding domain of IRS-2 were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	137-140	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	115-120
21402116-5	2011	In RAMP3, these were Trp, Phe, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Thr, Arg and Asn; in RAMP1, Glu, Phe, Tyr, Ala and Asn substitutions were made.	Alanine	36-39	receptor activity modifying protein 3	Homo sapiens	3-8
3429974-9	1987	On the other hand, the L-alanine transport activity of severe EPH gestosis placental MMV decreased prominently compared to that of normal placental MMV.	Alanine	23-32	EPH receptor A1	Homo sapiens	62-65
21422763-3	2011	To address this issue, the presumed phosphorylation site of CiaR, aspartic acid at position 51, was replaced by alanine.	Alanine	112-119	ciaR	Streptococcus pneumoniae R6	60-64
21548211-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the binding characteristics of interleukin 11 (IL-11) analogue-cyclic nonapeptide c(Cys-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ser-Cys) NH2 C30H54N16O10S2, c(CGRRAGGSC), and human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.	Alanine	126-129	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	57-71
21548211-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the binding characteristics of interleukin 11 (IL-11) analogue-cyclic nonapeptide c(Cys-Gly-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ser-Cys) NH2 C30H54N16O10S2, c(CGRRAGGSC), and human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.	Alanine	126-129	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	73-78
19591980-8	2010	RESULT(S): Affected members of a family with HFGS showed a novel expansion of the third polyalanine tract of HOXA13, inserting 10 alanines in-frame.	Alanine	130-138	homeobox A13	Homo sapiens	109-115
20674861-3	2010	Here we perform alanine-scanning mutagenesis to identify residues in NPC2 that are essential for transfer of cholesterol to NPC1(NTD).	Alanine	16-23	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
20578765-1	2010	Dynamic properties of the first stable l-alanine radical, SAR1, induced by gamma-irradiation of l-alanine crystals, have been investigated by the electron nuclear double resonance technique (ENDOR).	Alanine	39-48	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	58-62
20578765-1	2010	Dynamic properties of the first stable l-alanine radical, SAR1, induced by gamma-irradiation of l-alanine crystals, have been investigated by the electron nuclear double resonance technique (ENDOR).	Alanine	96-105	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	58-62
3631267-7	1987	Interestingly, D-alanine was more effective than L-alanine in stimulating ODC activity in the jejunum.	Alanine	49-58	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
20527993-6	2010	According to the model, of the 10 gp120 amino acids that showed a reduction in the level of binding when mutated to alanine, all of them are modeled as making direct contact with B40t77 as part of a hydrogen bonding network.	Alanine	116-123	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB32, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	125-130
21386123-12	2011	In addition, we found other patients with schizophrenia characterized by the presence of homozygotes of the Ala allele of Glu111Ala in the GLO1 gene and a 16% reduction in the activities that showed high plasma AGEs.	Alanine	108-111	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	139-143
3652906-4	1987	Three substitutions are within the predicted rat IGF-I sequence: a Pro for Asp in the B domain, an Ile for Ser in the C domain, and Thr for Ala in the D domain.	Alanine	140-143	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
21033699-7	2011	Specifically, Ala(27) and Trp(56) of Rac appear to provide a bipartite binding site for the specific recognition of Dock180(DHR-2c), whereas for Dbl family Rac-GEFs, Trp(56) of Rac is the sole primary determinant of GEF specificity.	Alanine	14-17	dedicator of cytokinesis 1	Homo sapiens	116-123
21135131-5	2011	Serine 3 is a novel phospho-acceptor which, when mutated to alanine, leads to increased class switching and c-myc/IgH translocations without affecting AID levels or catalytic activity.	Alanine	60-67	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	108-113
20965538-2	2011	Using molecular epidemiology, we identified a virus designated as Del-E-222 that was identical to Del-E except for alanine at position 222.	Alanine	115-122	DAP3 binding cell death enhancer 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
20347968-4	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of S29 to an alanine was shown to strongly reduce nuclear uptake, in COS-7 transiently transfected cells overexpressing ATXN3Q6, while substitution with phospho-mimic aspartic acid restored the wild-type phenotype.	Alanine	39-46	ataxin 3	Mus musculus	146-153
20206270-5	2010	Alanine or glutamate substitution of the two established serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in gephyrin failed to affect its clustering at inhibitory synapses and its ability to recruit gamma2 subunit containing GABA(A)Rs.	Alanine	0-7	gephyrin	Homo sapiens	99-107
20471366-6	2010	Substitution of alanine for serine at this position (ALX S318A) leads to an abrogation of the mobility shift in ALX induced upon TCR/CD28 stimulation.	Alanine	16-23	hematopoietic SH2 domain containing	Mus musculus	53-56
3567257-2	1987	Ventricular enlargement was present in 4 of 11 schizophrenics, and elevated CSF alanine was highly correlated with ventricular enlargement.	Alanine	80-87	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-79
20471366-6	2010	Substitution of alanine for serine at this position (ALX S318A) leads to an abrogation of the mobility shift in ALX induced upon TCR/CD28 stimulation.	Alanine	16-23	hematopoietic SH2 domain containing	Mus musculus	112-115
20471366-6	2010	Substitution of alanine for serine at this position (ALX S318A) leads to an abrogation of the mobility shift in ALX induced upon TCR/CD28 stimulation.	Alanine	16-23	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	133-137
20498050-4	2010	K2P1-Lys274 is crucial: when mutated to Gln, Arg, Glu, Asp, Cys, or Ala, the channels are constitutively active and insensitive to SUMO1 and SENP1.	Alanine	68-71	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
20501595-7	2010	We present evidence that CEH-17 participates in a positive autoregulatory loop with CEH-14 in ALA, and that CEH-10, in addition to its role in ALA differentiation, functions in the generation of the ALA neuron.	Alanine	94-97	Homeobox protein ceh-17	Caenorhabditis elegans	25-31
3453895-7	1987	Unlike the human and porcine sequences, rat preprogastrin contains a 9 amino acid carboxy-terminal extension peptide (-Ser-Ala-Glu-Glu-Glu-Asp-Gln-Tyr-Asn) which is homologous to the midportion of gastrin 17 including the site of tyrosine sulfation.	Alanine	123-126	gastrin	Homo sapiens	50-57
20235151-5	2010	Arsenic increased RET-PTC1 kinase activity with cysteine 365 (C365) replaced by alanine with promotion of dimer formation but not with cysteine 376 (C376) replaced by alanine.	Alanine	80-87	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	18-21
21837563-8	2011	CDKA;1 versions were generated either by mimicking a phosphorylated amino acid by replacing the respective residue with a negatively charged amino acid, e.g., aspartate or glutamate, or by mutating it to a non-phoshorylatable amino acid, such as alanine, valine, or phenylalanine.	Alanine	246-253	cell division control 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
20937289-3	2011	Ad-HIF-1alpha-Trip was constructed by transforming Pro402, Pro564, and Asn803 in HIF-1alpha to alanine in order to delay degradation and create a constitutive transcriptional activator.	Alanine	95-102	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	3-13
20937289-3	2011	Ad-HIF-1alpha-Trip was constructed by transforming Pro402, Pro564, and Asn803 in HIF-1alpha to alanine in order to delay degradation and create a constitutive transcriptional activator.	Alanine	95-102	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	81-91
3320533-4	1987	PP12 is a 34-kDa glycoprotein, which has an N-terminal amino acid sequence of Ala-Pro-Trp-Gln-Cys-Ala-Pro-Cys-Ser-Ala.	Alanine	98-101	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
3532956-9	1986	Human prothymosin alpha also differs from rat prothymosin alpha at positions corresponding to residues 87, 92, and 102 of the latter, with substitutions of alanine for proline, alanine for valine, and aspartic acid for glutamic acid, respectively.	Alanine	156-163	prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9	Homo sapiens	6-23
21625560-6	2011	Binding studies and cell-based assays with alanine-scanned peptides and mutated receptor support a model that PAC1R uses the same conserved fold of Class B GPCR ECD for PACAP binding, thus unifying the consensus mechanism of hormone binding for this family of receptors.	Alanine	43-50	ADCYAP receptor type I	Homo sapiens	110-115
20106995-2	2010	In the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R), alanine is present in position 6.30.	Alanine	43-50	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	13-34
20106995-2	2010	In the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R), alanine is present in position 6.30.	Alanine	43-50	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	36-40
3532956-9	1986	Human prothymosin alpha also differs from rat prothymosin alpha at positions corresponding to residues 87, 92, and 102 of the latter, with substitutions of alanine for proline, alanine for valine, and aspartic acid for glutamic acid, respectively.	Alanine	177-184	prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9	Homo sapiens	6-23
20231361-8	2010	We probed structure-activity relations of the Spt5 CTD by alanine scanning of the consensus nonapeptide.	Alanine	58-65	transcription elongation factor SPT5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
3091022-2	1986	The activity of L- alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate transaminase in liver and kidney is stimulated in phenylhydrazine, whereas, erythropoietin injection to anemic rats prevents such stimulation.	Alanine	16-26	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	121-135
20969867-2	2010	We show by alanine-scanning mutagenesis that hydrophobic surface residues of KIX, especially L628, are energetically important for binding the MLL TAD.	Alanine	11-18	lysine methyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	143-146
3928381-3	1985	The combined results reveal a pronounced selectivity of CBPP for the peptide bonds at the carboxy ends of Ala, Val, Leu, Ser, His and Thr residues with Ala, Val and Leu most favoured, indicating a close catalytic relationship to porcine pancreatic elastase [Narayanan, A. S. &amp; Anwar, R. A.	Alanine	152-155	chymotrypsin like elastase 3B	Homo sapiens	56-60
20844740-4	2010	This common amino acid substitution does not cause a loss of function and evidence suggests the protective allele, Ala(946), may mark a haplotype with reduced expression of IFIH1 in line with the protection conferred by the four rare loss of function alleles.	Alanine	115-118	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
20369883-0	2010	Understanding microscopic binding of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) trimer with substrate PGH2 and cofactor GSH: insights from computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	164-171	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	82-89
6529569-4	1984	Antibody rho 1D4 binding was not inhibited by peptides 2"-13" or 3"-18", indicating that the C-terminal alanine residue of rhodopsin was required.	Alanine	104-111	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	123-132
20226184-1	2010	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is caused by small alanine expansions in polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) protein resulting in its intranuclear accumulation in skeletal muscle.	Alanine	54-61	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	76-115
20226184-1	2010	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is caused by small alanine expansions in polyadenylate binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) protein resulting in its intranuclear accumulation in skeletal muscle.	Alanine	54-61	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
20550628-5	2010	Expression of tau mutants where one phosphorylation site included in the above epitopes was mutated in alanine showed that the formation of one of these epitopes was not required for the formation of the two others in primary hippocampal neurons.	Alanine	103-110	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	14-17
20691033-8	2010	Surprisingly, however, substitution of F122 with Ala or Gly, but not with Trp, increased the Alix-binding capacity in binding assays.	Alanine	49-52	programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	93-97
20043990-7	2010	Moreover, mutating three putative PKC phosphorylation sites, Ser(44), Ser(144) and Ser(302) on Galphai2 to Ala attenuated morphine-induced, but not DAMGO-induced desensitization.	Alanine	107-110	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	34-37
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	Alanine	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
20407025-4	2010	Loss-of-phosphorylation PIN1:green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Ser to Ala) induced inflorescence defects, correlating with their basal localization in the shoot apex, and induced internalization of PIN1:GFP during embryogenesis, leading to strong embryo defects.	Alanine	69-72	Auxin efflux carrier family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	Alanine	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
20668692-9	2010	Overexpression of non-phosphorylatable alanine mutant forms for each isoform, but not wild type cdc25C, strongly impairs mitotic progression showing the functional requirement for each site-specific phosphorylation of cdc25C at mitosis.	Alanine	39-46	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	218-224
6312971-7	1983	The protein--protein-interaction region was found to encompass the region of the surface of horse cytochrome c that includes Ile-81, Phe-82, Ala-83 and Ile-85, and Lys-13 and Lys-72 of horse cytochrome c were suggested to be involved in two important intermolecular interactions.	Alanine	141-144	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	98-110
20484411-7	2010	Ala mutagenesis of Runx2 Ser/Thr residues identified that S301 and T326 in AD3 are necessary for full MINT+FGF2 trans-activation.	Alanine	0-3	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	19-24
20585566-9	2010	The alanine substitutions of UBE2D2 residues Arg5 and Lys63, critical for activation of eukaryotic E3 ligases, also significantly decreased both NleG binding and autoubiquitination activity.	Alanine	4-11	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D2	Homo sapiens	29-35
20188095-5	2010	HDAC7 and HDAC9 contain analogous sites that are phosphorylated by PRK, while HDAC4 harbors a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue at this position.	Alanine	115-122	histone deacetylase 7	Homo sapiens	0-5
20188095-5	2010	HDAC7 and HDAC9 contain analogous sites that are phosphorylated by PRK, while HDAC4 harbors a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue at this position.	Alanine	115-122	histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
19917667-5	2010	The binding of XTP3-B-Fc and XTP3-BDelta1-Fc to Lec1 cells was abrogated by treatment of the cells with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, Manalpha1,6Man or Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Man, or by substitution of Arg428 or Tyr457 in the C-terminal MRH domain with alanine.	Alanine	285-292	store-operated calcium entry associated regulatory factor	Homo sapiens	15-19
19917667-5	2010	The binding of XTP3-B-Fc and XTP3-BDelta1-Fc to Lec1 cells was abrogated by treatment of the cells with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, Manalpha1,6Man or Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Manalpha1,6(Manalpha1,3)Man, or by substitution of Arg428 or Tyr457 in the C-terminal MRH domain with alanine.	Alanine	285-292	store-operated calcium entry associated regulatory factor	Homo sapiens	29-33
7089488-4	1982	The difference between G3m(u-) and G3m(u+) IgG3 proteins correlates with the sequence at position 339 in the CH2 domain--Ala and Thr respectively.	Alanine	121-124	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	43-47
19961909-3	2010	Expression of an inhibitory peptide of CaMKII, Ala, in muscle cells enhanced the density of GluRIIA, which is a major and calcium-permeable subunit of GluR, at synapses of third instar larval NMJs.	Alanine	47-50	Glutamate receptor IIA	Drosophila melanogaster	92-99
20491471-1	2010	We introduce a sensor molecule, AS140-MFC, consisting of a covalent adduct of an Ala-to-Cys mutant of alpha-synuclein with the 3-hydroxychromone dual emission dye MFC.	Alanine	81-84	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	102-117
20159111-7	2010	One of these variants was an alanine-to-proline substitution in the transmembrane 4 superfamily member 12 protein, encoded by TSPAN12.	Alanine	29-36	tetraspanin 12	Homo sapiens	68-105
7167463-4	1982	Experiments using hydroxymalonate (an inhibitor of malic enzyme) and mercaptopicolinate (an inhibitor of PEP carboxykinase) have shown that muscle alanine synthesis occurs via the latter route.	Alanine	147-154	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-122
20159111-7	2010	One of these variants was an alanine-to-proline substitution in the transmembrane 4 superfamily member 12 protein, encoded by TSPAN12.	Alanine	29-36	tetraspanin 12	Homo sapiens	126-133
19968754-6	2010	Mutations in the outer pore region of Kv1.2 of Arg(354) to Pro (corresponding to Kv1.4) and to Ala (corresponding to Kv1.1) enhanced and reduced, respectively, cell surface expression of Kv1.2.	Alanine	95-98	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
20382573-3	2010	Slx4 is phosphorylated by the Mec1 and Tel1 kinases after DNA damage on at least six Ser/Thr residues, and mutation of all six residues to Ala reduces the efficiency of SSA.	Alanine	139-142	Slx4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
20225272-3	2010	We investigated the role of this cysteine residue in the chaperone and anti-apoptotic functions of Hsp27 by mutating the cysteine residue to an alanine (Hsp27(C137A)) and comparing it to wild-type protein (Hsp27(WT)).	Alanine	144-151	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
6272903-1	1981	Human eosinophils from subjects with or without myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency and guinea pig eosinophils are able to decarboxylate L-alanine in the presence of the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) but not in the presence of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100.	Alanine	134-143	myeloperoxidase	Cavia porcellus	48-63
20099325-4	2010	JM1 cells were found to have a high rate of aerobic glycolysis in both two-dimensional culture and in the bioreactor, with 85% of the (13)C label from uniformly labeled (13)C-glucose being present as either lactate or alanine after 23 h. Flux measurements of pyruvate through lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase in the bioreactor system were 12.18 +/- 0.49 nmols/sec/10(8) cells and 2.39 +/- 0.30 nmols/sec/10(8) cells, respectively, were reproducible in the same bioreactor, and were not significantly different over the course of 2 days.	Alanine	218-225	coiled-coil domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	0-3
6989813-1	1980	Using a protein synthesizing in vitro system programmed with MS2-RNA, the ability of alanine tRNAs with the anticodons U*GC (U* represents 5-oxyacetic acid uridine monophosphate) and IGC to read the alanine codons in the coat protein cistron of MS2 has been determined both under conditions of no competition, where the alanyl-tRNA used was the only aminoacylated tRNAAla present in the system, and in experiments where the two alanyl-tRNAs were competing against each other.	Alanine	85-92	MS2	Homo sapiens	61-64
20026178-8	2010	The level of AQP4 protein in the cerebrum decreased by the administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1.	Alanine	77-80	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
21063099-4	2010	Alanine production dropped 40% consistent with a shift of glutamate from alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to GDH.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
20184794-8	2010	The expansion of the PABPN1 polyalanine tract which resulted from 10 to 13 alanines was further confirmed by subcloning into TOPO cloning vectors.	Alanine	75-83	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
19848449-1	2010	INTRODUCTION: Zein is a hydrophobic corn protein, rich in leucine, proline, and alanine, that has been investigated as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, maybe used as a biodegradable/biocompatible material for controlled release formulations.	Alanine	80-87	zein	Zea mays	14-18
19962980-7	2010	Raver2 harbors two putative PTB binding sequences in the C-terminal half of the protein, whose influence on Raver2-PTB complex formation was analyzed in a mutational approach, replacing critical leucine residues with alanines.	Alanine	217-225	ribonucleoprotein, PTB binding 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
20188075-6	2010	In this study we explored the role played by these residues of RAMP1 using an alanine replacement strategy.	Alanine	78-85	receptor activity modifying protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
20213046-5	2010	Analysis of fibrinolytic activity revealed that substitution of E80 residue with serine and alanine resulted in slightly increased specific activities of Sak mutants.	Alanine	92-99	polo like kinase 4	Mus musculus	154-157
20042600-7	2010	Insertion of alanine after Tyr-63, changing the position of the putative LPL-binding site in relation to the hydrophobic face of the alpha-helix, also severely impeded the activation ability, and a double mutant (Y63A/I66A) was completely inactive.	Alanine	13-20	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	73-76
20506653-8	2010	ALA, as the photosensitizer, combined with IPL could have stronger effect than IPL alone.	Alanine	0-3	pleckstrin homology like domain, family A, member 2	Mus musculus	43-46
20506653-8	2010	ALA, as the photosensitizer, combined with IPL could have stronger effect than IPL alone.	Alanine	0-3	pleckstrin homology like domain, family A, member 2	Mus musculus	79-82
20028971-8	2010	We also find the S82A (serine mutated to alanine) diminishes MST1 activation and its effect on the FOXO transcription activity.	Alanine	41-48	macrophage stimulating 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
20032502-3	2010	We now show that replacement of R660, Y661, or Y665 with alanine in ADAMTS13 reduced/abolished the binding of 2 previously isolated human monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies derived from plasma of 6 patients with acquired TTP.	Alanine	57-64	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	68-76
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	178-187
20026644-5	2010	Mutation of two possible CK-II phosphorylation sites at serine 16 and serine 21 of PPARgamma into alanine (PPARgamma S16A/S21A) inhibited cytosolic PPARgamma localization.	Alanine	98-105	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
20036864-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between cellular SH3-containing proteins and the proline-rich domain in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) The proline-rich domain of HBx (amino acids 19-58) as well as the relevant site-directed mutagenesis (proline to alanine residues) were cloned into pGEX-5X-1 and expressed as GST-PXXP and GST-AXXA probes.	Alanine	279-286	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	161-164
20036864-1	2010	The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between cellular SH3-containing proteins and the proline-rich domain in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) The proline-rich domain of HBx (amino acids 19-58) as well as the relevant site-directed mutagenesis (proline to alanine residues) were cloned into pGEX-5X-1 and expressed as GST-PXXP and GST-AXXA probes.	Alanine	279-286	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	193-196
19846531-9	2010	When three lysine sites at positions 101, 103, and 104 of WNVCp were replaced with alanine, MKRN1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the mutant were significantly inhibited, suggesting that these sites are required for the ubiquitination.	Alanine	83-90	makorin ring finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
19843525-6	2009	VIAAT in which Glu(213) was specifically mutated to alanine completely lost the ability to take up both GABA and Cl(-).	Alanine	52-59	solute carrier family 32 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20010690-0	2009	Paradox of mistranslation of serine for alanine caused by AlaRS recognition dilemma.	Alanine	40-47	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	58-63
20010690-2	2009	Throughout evolution, two editing checkpoints prevent disease-causing mistranslation from confusing glycine or serine for alanine at the active site of AlaRS.	Alanine	122-129	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	152-157
19684018-6	2009	Using a series of hCTR1 mutants, we show that cleavage occurs preferentially between residues Ala(29)-Ser(30)-His(31).	Alanine	94-97	solute carrier family 31 member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
19640843-7	2009	Changing the equivalent residue in CD38, Thr-221 to Phe, correspondingly enhanced cADPR production, and the double mutation, Thr-221 to Phe and Glu-146 to Ala, effectively converted CD38 to a cyclase.	Alanine	155-158	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	182-186
19555780-5	2009	The rates of hydrolysis of the alanine-substituted substrates were used to compare substrate preferences of calpain, papain and cathepsins B and L. The preferences of the two major isoforms, calpains 1 and 2, were virtually indistinguishable and were very similar to those of the calpain 1 protease core and papain.	Alanine	31-38	calpain 1	Homo sapiens	191-207
19555780-5	2009	The rates of hydrolysis of the alanine-substituted substrates were used to compare substrate preferences of calpain, papain and cathepsins B and L. The preferences of the two major isoforms, calpains 1 and 2, were virtually indistinguishable and were very similar to those of the calpain 1 protease core and papain.	Alanine	31-38	calpain 1	Homo sapiens	280-289
19681593-3	2009	Ten residues lining the hydrophobic pocket of COMPcc were mutated into alanine; of the mutated residues, the N-terminal aliphatic residues L37, L44, V47, and L51 are responsible for maintaining the structure and function.	Alanine	71-78	ribosomal protein L37	Homo sapiens	139-142
19561067-4	2009	We generated mutants of the IFNAR1 subunit of the type I IFN receptor, in which each or both of the two cysteines present in the cytoplasmic domain are replaced by alanines.	Alanine	164-172	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	28-34
19178525-9	2009	RESULTS: Plasma resistin appeared to be higher in subjects with the Pro/Pro genotype of PPARgamma than those with Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes (mean +/- SE, 11.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.5 microg/l).	Alanine	118-121	resistin	Homo sapiens	16-24
19178525-9	2009	RESULTS: Plasma resistin appeared to be higher in subjects with the Pro/Pro genotype of PPARgamma than those with Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes (mean +/- SE, 11.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.5 microg/l).	Alanine	126-129	resistin	Homo sapiens	16-24
19178525-9	2009	RESULTS: Plasma resistin appeared to be higher in subjects with the Pro/Pro genotype of PPARgamma than those with Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala genotypes (mean +/- SE, 11.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.5 microg/l).	Alanine	126-129	resistin	Homo sapiens	16-24
19178525-10	2009	Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and resistin SNP-420, revealed that the Pro/Pro genotype was a positive predictor of plasma resistin (PPARgamma , Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala, unstandardized regression coefficient (beta) = 1.03, P = 0.0384).	Alanine	197-200	resistin	Homo sapiens	153-161
19178525-10	2009	Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and resistin SNP-420, revealed that the Pro/Pro genotype was a positive predictor of plasma resistin (PPARgamma , Pro/Pro vs. Pro/Ala + Ala/Ala, unstandardized regression coefficient (beta) = 1.03, P = 0.0384).	Alanine	197-200	resistin	Homo sapiens	153-161
19586055-10	2009	Further identification of residues critical for MRN binding in the N-terminus of RPA1 shows that substitution of Arg31 and Arg41 with alanines disrupts the RPA-MRN interaction and alters cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage.	Alanine	134-142	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	81-85
19586055-10	2009	Further identification of residues critical for MRN binding in the N-terminus of RPA1 shows that substitution of Arg31 and Arg41 with alanines disrupts the RPA-MRN interaction and alters cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage.	Alanine	134-142	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	81-84
19368694-10	2009	Substitution of threonine-168 with a non-phosphorylatable alanine residue made CDKD;2 unstable in Arabidopsis tissues.	Alanine	58-65	CDK-activating kinase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-85
19319516-6	2009	Further, the position of NPY"s alpha-helix in the membrane was estimated from the intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence of NPY, from quenching experiments with spin-labelled phospholipids using [Trp(32)]-NPY, and from (1)H magic-angle spinning NMR relaxation measurements using spin-labelled [Ala(31), TOAC(32)]-NPY.	Alanine	287-290	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	25-28
19406877-3	2009	Here, we assess the functional role of the alanine at position 653 (HERG-A653) that is highly conserved among evolutionarily divergent K(+) channels.	Alanine	43-50	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	68-72
19240037-9	2009	Mutating the plasmin cleavage site Lys(317) on NR2A to alanine blocks the effect of plasmin on Zn(2+) inhibition.	Alanine	55-62	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	47-51
19240036-1	2009	System A transporters SNAT1 and SNAT2 mediate uptake of neutral alpha-amino acids (e.g. glutamine, alanine, and proline) and are expressed in central neurons.	Alanine	99-106	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
19065144-5	2009	However, there was heterogeneity in the replication samples, and secondary analysis of the original sample with the sample of greatest similarity yielded P=6.4 x 10(-8) for the nonsynonymous SNP rs2522833 that gives rise to a serine to alanine substitution near a C2 calcium-binding domain of the PCLO protein.	Alanine	236-243	piccolo presynaptic cytomatrix protein	Homo sapiens	297-301
19809936-7	2009	Concentrations of glutamine (902 micromol/L), glycine (24 micromol/L) and alanine (78 micromol/L) were elevated in CSF.	Alanine	74-81	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
19809936-9	2009	CSF/plasma ratios were elevated for glutamine (1.97) and alanine (0.13) and normal for glycine (0.01).	Alanine	57-64	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
19126545-3	2009	Here we describe a serine/alanine (S/A) substitution in long wavelength-absorbing Drosophila visual pigments that occurs at a site corresponding to Ala-292 in bovine rhodopsin.	Alanine	26-33	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	166-175
19126545-3	2009	Here we describe a serine/alanine (S/A) substitution in long wavelength-absorbing Drosophila visual pigments that occurs at a site corresponding to Ala-292 in bovine rhodopsin.	Alanine	148-151	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	166-175
19135033-2	2009	Mutation of serines-121 and -122 of Brn-3a to alanine blocks its phosphorylation and impairs RA-mediated neurite outgrowth.	Alanine	46-53	POU class 4 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
19138666-3	2009	An alanine scan revealed the FTNAAFD sequence as recognition region in P-selectin.	Alanine	3-10	selectin P	Homo sapiens	71-81
19138666-5	2009	Their exchange for alanine gave Numb-negative mutants detaining the inhibition of P-selectin endocytosis by Numb PTB overexpression.	Alanine	19-26	selectin P	Homo sapiens	82-92
19064998-4	2009	By replacing the leucine with alanine, the mutant TLR4 lost responsiveness to LPS and did not localize on the plasma membrane.	Alanine	30-37	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
19091960-7	2009	We mutated three consensus PKC phosphorylation sites (T26, S40, and S499) in hASIC1b to alanine, to prevent phosphorylation, and to glutamic acid or aspartic acid, to mimic phosphorylation.	Alanine	88-95	acid sensing ion channel subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
18851711-7	2009	The DHFR catalytic activity of the alanine-face mutant enzyme was 30 s(-1), the glycine-face mutant enzyme was 17 s(-1), and the all-alanine helix enzyme was 16 s(-1), all substantially impaired from the wild-type DHFR activity of 152 s(-1).	Alanine	35-42	dihydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	4-8
19047683-4	2009	When Glu83 or Asp173 (residues involved in a predicted Ca(2+)-binding site in the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease domain) were mutated to alanine, Ca(2+) dependence of proteolysis of the substrate was unaffected.	Alanine	131-138	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	82-90
19047683-6	2009	Mutagenesis of these residues within this site to alanine dramatically attenuated the K(D(app)) for Ca(2+) of ADAMTS13, and for D187A and E212A also reduced the V(max) to approximately 25% of normal.	Alanine	50-57	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	110-118
18987114-3	2009	PKB/SGK-dependent GSK regulation is disrupted in mice carrying a mutation, in which the serine in the SGK/PKB-phosphorylation consensus sequence is replaced by alanine.	Alanine	160-167	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	4-7
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	65-71
18937499-5	2008	In particular, residue 120 (Arg in IFN-alpha2; Lys in IFN-alpha2/alpha1) appears to be a "hot-spot" residue: substitution by alanine significantly decreased biological activity, and the charge-reversal mutation of residue 120 to Glu caused drastic loss of antiviral and antiproliferative activity for both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	125-132	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	332-338
18799178-3	2008	Here, we sought to map the B40 binding site on gp120 more precisely by analysing its interaction with a panel of alanine substitution mutants of gp120.	Alanine	113-120	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
18757828-5	2008	Mass spectrometry and phosphorylation analysis of mutated (Ser--&gt;Ala) GST-NHE1 fusion proteins revealed that PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 occurred principally at Ser648.	Alanine	68-71	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
19759276-6	2010	Substitution of the single cytoplasmic threonine residue of rat endomannosidase by either an alanine or valine residue resulted in the same posttranslational modification alike the wild-type enzyme.	Alanine	93-100	mannosidase, endo-alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-79
20353350-0	2010	Relationship between impaired glycation and the N-terminal structure of the Hb Gorwihl [beta5(A2)Pro--&gt;Ala] variant.	Alanine	106-109	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
19877718-7	2009	Replacement of an Ala in the N-terminal half of the neuromodulin sequence with the Gln in PEP19 accounts for approximately half of the Ca(2+)-independent difference in the stabilities of the two reporter complexes, with the Ca(2+)-independent effect of the Lys replacement accounting for most of the remainder.	Alanine	18-21	growth associated protein 43	Homo sapiens	52-64
19906198-8	2009	For all these residues, and especially for Asp(270), IgG1 was heavily reduced in complement activation, while IgG3 was only moderated reduced, by alanine substitution.	Alanine	146-153	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	110-114
19846764-5	2009	Remodeling the environment of the hydrogen bond donor with a compensatory network of ordered waters, as seen in the Glu(L34) to alanine mutant, leads to an impressive 10(9)-fold rate acceleration over the nonenzymatic reaction with acetate, illustrating the utility of buried water molecules in bifunctional catalysis.	Alanine	128-135	ribosomal protein L34	Homo sapiens	116-123
19733160-8	2009	Additionally, obese male patients carrying the Ala-allele had significantly higher body mass index (p=0.007) and plasma leptin levels (p=0.023) compared to those homozygous for Pro-allele.	Alanine	47-50	leptin	Homo sapiens	120-126
20063742-4	2009	The second one is that the pathway of Mdha and Ala degradation, which was that the peptide bond between Mdha and Ala was attacked and cleaved.	Alanine	47-50	malate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
20063742-4	2009	The second one is that the pathway of Mdha and Ala degradation, which was that the peptide bond between Mdha and Ala was attacked and cleaved.	Alanine	113-116	malate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
20063742-4	2009	The second one is that the pathway of Mdha and Ala degradation, which was that the peptide bond between Mdha and Ala was attacked and cleaved.	Alanine	113-116	malate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
19810804-9	2009	A HopAA1-1 mutant in which the putative catalytic arginine in the GAP-like domain has been replaced with alanine retains its ability to kill yeast and promote the formation of speck lesions by the DeltahopAA1-1DeltaIX mutant, but a HopAA1-1 mutant carrying the FEN polymorphism loses both of these abilities.	Alanine	105-112	hypothetical protein	Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000	2-10
19810804-9	2009	A HopAA1-1 mutant in which the putative catalytic arginine in the GAP-like domain has been replaced with alanine retains its ability to kill yeast and promote the formation of speck lesions by the DeltahopAA1-1DeltaIX mutant, but a HopAA1-1 mutant carrying the FEN polymorphism loses both of these abilities.	Alanine	105-112	hypothetical protein	Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. DC3000	232-240
19778056-2	2009	Using glucose and glyoxal with labeled [(13)C-1]alanine, [(13)C-2]alanine, [(13)C-3]alanine, and [(15)N]alanine, the mechanism of their formation was investigated using the label incorporation pattern of the pyrazines derived through the Strecker reaction.	Alanine	66-73	complement C2	Homo sapiens	62-65
19778056-3	2009	Taking into account the non-oxidative mechanism of pyrazine formation, the data indicated that all of the ethyl-substituted pyrazines identified in the glyoxal/alanine model system incorporated C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and not that of free acetaldehyde, as the ethyl group carbon atoms.	Alanine	160-167	complement C2	Homo sapiens	194-197
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	69-76	complement C2	Homo sapiens	226-229
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	69-76	complement C2	Homo sapiens	439-442
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	226-229
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	439-442
19701945-6	2009	Alanine scanning and glutamic acid to arginine exchanges revealed increased function and plasma membrane expression for AQP2-E258K mutants with the following additional changes: Leu259Ala, Arg252Glu, Arg253Glu, or Arg252Ala-Arg254Ala, or for the AQP2 mutant p.Glu258Ala, indicating that the motif RRRxxxK(258)L confers AQP2-E258K retention.	Alanine	0-7	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
19643997-5	2009	To test this possibility, we employed alanine scanning mutagenesis of CB1 EC2 and identified two distinct regions critical for ligand binding, G protein coupling activity, and receptor trafficking.	Alanine	38-45	transcription factor 15	Homo sapiens	74-77
19619507-4	2009	The amino acid in position 53 in alpha-synuclein is an alanine in humans, great apes and Old World primates.	Alanine	55-62	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	33-48
19713768-6	2009	Conversely, Ser-to-Ala mutations result in the loss of Chs2p ER retention even when mitotic kinase activity is high.	Alanine	19-22	chitin synthase CHS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-60
19767579-5	2009	Mmp-20 cleaves amelogenin sequences after Pro(162), Ser(148), His(62), Ala(63), and Trp(45).	Alanine	71-74	amelogenin	Sus scrofa	15-25
19588926-5	2009	In order to elucidate the mechanism of function of this antibody, we have mapped the region and critical residues involved in the recognition of FasL using a combination of homology modeling, immunoprecipitation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (H/DXMS), and alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	273-280	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	145-149
19565466-3	2009	Alanine substitutions at only four positions within the hPin1 WW domain lead to a partially or completely unfolded protein-in the absence of a physiological ligand.	Alanine	0-7	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
19565466-5	2009	Ala mutations at five other residues, three of which constitute the ligand binding patch on the concave side of the beta-sheet, significantly destabilize the hPin1 WW domain without leading to an unfolded protein.	Alanine	0-3	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
19686105-5	2009	For example, T1R3 knockout mice (KO) have only slightly elevated detection thresholds for monosodium glutamate (MSG) and L-alanine.	Alanine	121-130	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	13-17
19686105-6	2009	In conditioned taste aversion studies, T1R3 KO mice show bidirectional generalization of the aversion between MSG and L-alanine, suggesting that these substances have similar tastes.	Alanine	118-127	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	39-43
19336400-12	2009	In contrast, replacing Arg(82)/Arg(93) in ST8Sia IV with alanine substantially decreased NCAM-specific polysialylation while only partially impacting autopolysialylation, suggesting that these residues may be particularly important for NCAM polysialylation.	Alanine	57-64	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
19336400-12	2009	In contrast, replacing Arg(82)/Arg(93) in ST8Sia IV with alanine substantially decreased NCAM-specific polysialylation while only partially impacting autopolysialylation, suggesting that these residues may be particularly important for NCAM polysialylation.	Alanine	57-64	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	236-240
19290620-9	2009	Furthermore, the percentage of neurite outgrowth induced by GDNF was also reduced by the expression of dominant-negative mutants of Hsp27, in which specific serine phosphorylation residues (Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82) were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	236-243	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
19246456-5	2009	Substitution of the three polar amino acid residues (His(46), Gln(50), and Gln(53)) within this motif with alanine abolishes the inhibitory effect of Angptl4 on LPL in vitro and also abrogates the ability of Angptl4 to elevate plasma triglyceride levels in mice.	Alanine	107-114	angiopoietin-like 4	Mus musculus	150-157
19246456-5	2009	Substitution of the three polar amino acid residues (His(46), Gln(50), and Gln(53)) within this motif with alanine abolishes the inhibitory effect of Angptl4 on LPL in vitro and also abrogates the ability of Angptl4 to elevate plasma triglyceride levels in mice.	Alanine	107-114	angiopoietin-like 4	Mus musculus	208-215
19153083-2	2009	Using SPOT immobilized peptide arrays, coupled with scanning alanine substitution and mutagenesis, we show that the MAPK kinase, MEK1, interacts directly with betaarrestin1.	Alanine	61-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
19124613-0	2009	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the second extracellular loop of type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor revealed residues critical for peptide binding.	Alanine	0-7	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	72-102
19171938-7	2009	Mutation of three consecutive hydrophobic residues (Phe(1520)-Ile(1521)-Phe(1522)) to alanines in this CaM-binding domain recapitulated the electrophysiology phenotype observed with mutation of the C-terminal IQ domain: Na(V)1.5 inactivation was stabilized; moreover, mutations of either CaM-binding domain abolish the well described stabilization of inactivation by lidocaine.	Alanine	86-94	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	220-228
19074424-6	2009	When the three consecutive lysine residues in the activation peptide of TAFI were substituted with alanine (K42/43/44A), the catalytic efficiencies for TAFI activation with TM decreased 8-fold.	Alanine	99-106	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	173-175
19022310-13	2009	Most interestingly, NKD appears to be activated only by DTK-6, known to possess an Ala-substitution in an otherwise conserved C-terminal core motif.	Alanine	83-86	naked cuticle	Drosophila melanogaster	20-23
19222798-4	2009	Consistent with the NMR data, the F350--&gt;Ala mutant showed an increase in intrinsic fluorescence that was similar to G(talpha) and ChiT upon formation of the "transition/activated" state in the presence of AlF(4) (-), whereas the intrinsic fluorescence of the Trp-207--&gt;Phe mutant decreased.	Alanine	44-47	chitinase 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	105-109
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	138-148
19196987-6	2009	Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with beta-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle.	Alanine	43-51	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	229-232
19109177-7	2009	In the case of MASP-1 and MASP-3, replacement of the target Lys residues by Ala or Glu abolished interaction, whereas the Lys to Arg mutations had only slight inhibitory effects.	Alanine	76-79	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	15-21
19027007-3	2008	Deletion of mGluR1a-carboxyl terminus (CT) or mutation of Leu to Ala in the CT of mGluR1a reduces the association, indicating the essential binding region of mGluR1a for CAL.	Alanine	65-68	golgi associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif containing	Homo sapiens	170-173
18752886-8	2008	In AFAR1, we found genetic variation in the proposed substrate-binding amino acid 113, encoding Ala(113) or Thr(113).	Alanine	96-99	aldo-keto reductase family 7 member A2	Homo sapiens	3-8
18991397-10	2008	In addition, the biotinylated SP-D pulled down the mutant sMD-2 with Asn(26) --&gt; Ala and Asn(114) --&gt; Ala substitutions, which lacks the consensus for N-glycosylation.	Alanine	84-87	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide	Homo sapiens	58-63
18991397-10	2008	In addition, the biotinylated SP-D pulled down the mutant sMD-2 with Asn(26) --&gt; Ala and Asn(114) --&gt; Ala substitutions, which lacks the consensus for N-glycosylation.	Alanine	108-111	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2 polypeptide	Homo sapiens	58-63
18805923-6	2008	Substitution studies were employed, and several alanine substitutions were found to induce a partial opening of the ATP binding cleft in Arp3 and Arp2, whereas only a single substitution was found to induce opening of the ADP binding cleft.	Alanine	48-55	actin related protein 2	Homo sapiens	146-150
18772127-6	2008	Here, we showed that alanine substitution at the A16 and A17 positions enhances LGR8-activation activity of RLN2, whereas mutation at the A22-23 region (RLN2A22-23) ablates LGR8, but not LGR7, activation activity.	Alanine	21-28	relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
18718528-8	2008	In contrast, mutation of S396 to alanine reduced PDK1 nuclear localization and reduced PKB phosphorylation and activation.	Alanine	33-40	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	87-90
18590740-5	2008	The SOCS3-elonginBC interaction was further characterised by determining the solution structure of the SOCS box-elonginBC ternary complex and by deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis of the SOCS box.	Alanine	158-165	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	4-8
18492492-1	2008	In addition to the main transaminase reaction, the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme human liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is able to catalyze the alpha,beta-elimination of beta-chloro-L-alanine with a catalytic efficiency similar to that of the physiological transaminase reaction with L-alanine.	Alanine	219-228	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	115-150
18492492-1	2008	In addition to the main transaminase reaction, the pyridoxal 5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme human liver peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is able to catalyze the alpha,beta-elimination of beta-chloro-L-alanine with a catalytic efficiency similar to that of the physiological transaminase reaction with L-alanine.	Alanine	219-228	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	152-155
18757416-6	2008	We found that the 49G>A polymorphism in the CTLA-4 leading sequence causing (17)Ala to (17)Thr amino acid substitution is associated with increased susceptibility to multiple cancers, including lung, breast, esophagus, and gastric cardia cancers.	Alanine	80-83	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-50
18539702-7	2008	However, when Leu-41 is substituted by a smaller side chain, either Ala or Val (its equivalent residue in PTH-2R), the receptor becomes highly selective for those peptide ligands with Trp-23.	Alanine	68-71	parathyroid hormone 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	106-112
18684943-3	2008	In this study, we report that in bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mice, in which the aspartate residue upstream of the initial self-processing site in caspase-8 (D387) was replaced by alanine, induction of cell death by Fas is compromised.	Alanine	194-201	caspase 8	Mus musculus	161-170
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	72-77
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	83-88
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	83-88
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	83-88
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	83-88
18338323-8	2008	We found that the Pro or Lys to Ala substitution within the residues of CKLF1-C19 (CKLF1-C19pm or CKLF1-C19km) strongly decreased or abolished its interaction with heparin, suggesting that the residues of Pro affect the affinity of CKLF1-C19 for heparin, and the residues of Lys of CKLF1-C19 play the important role for the interaction of CKLF1-C19 and heparin, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	chemokine like factor	Homo sapiens	83-88
18597484-1	2008	The importance of the HIV gp120 conserved domain 5 (gp120-C5) to envelope function has been examined by alanine scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry and envelope expression, processing, and incorporation, as well as gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	104-111	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
18597484-1	2008	The importance of the HIV gp120 conserved domain 5 (gp120-C5) to envelope function has been examined by alanine scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry and envelope expression, processing, and incorporation, as well as gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	104-111	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
18597484-1	2008	The importance of the HIV gp120 conserved domain 5 (gp120-C5) to envelope function has been examined by alanine scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry and envelope expression, processing, and incorporation, as well as gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	104-111	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
18597484-6	2008	The extent of sensitivity of gp120-C5 to alanine substitutions underscores the importance of this domain to envelope function and suggests that gp120-C5 is an attractive and novel target for future drug discovery efforts.	Alanine	41-48	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
18597484-6	2008	The extent of sensitivity of gp120-C5 to alanine substitutions underscores the importance of this domain to envelope function and suggests that gp120-C5 is an attractive and novel target for future drug discovery efforts.	Alanine	41-48	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
18567048-6	2008	Replacement of tryptophan by alanine abolished ligand binding to GABARAP.	Alanine	29-36	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	65-72
18635821-4	2008	Serine to alanine mutation of putative sites revealed that Ser64 is the main phosphorylation site for PKG.	Alanine	10-17	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	102-105
18633112-0	2008	Muscle-specific IRS-1 Ser-&gt;Ala transgenic mice are protected from fat-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.	Alanine	30-33	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	16-21
18633112-4	2008	RESULTS: Tg IRS-1 Ser--&gt;Ala mice were protected from fat-induced insulin resistance, as reflected by lower plasma glucose concentrations during a glucose tolerance test and increased insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.	Alanine	27-30	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	12-17
18633112-6	2008	Furthermore, Tg IRS-1 Ser--&gt;Ala mice displayed a significant increase in insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in vivo compared with WT control littermates.	Alanine	31-34	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	16-21
18633112-6	2008	Furthermore, Tg IRS-1 Ser--&gt;Ala mice displayed a significant increase in insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscle in vivo compared with WT control littermates.	Alanine	31-34	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	95-100
18799024-4	2008	The effect of ALA-PDT on apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line Me180 was investigated by using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, Hoechst 33342 staining and May-Grunwald-Farbstoff Giemsa staining.	Alanine	14-17	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	96-105
6989813-1	1980	Using a protein synthesizing in vitro system programmed with MS2-RNA, the ability of alanine tRNAs with the anticodons U*GC (U* represents 5-oxyacetic acid uridine monophosphate) and IGC to read the alanine codons in the coat protein cistron of MS2 has been determined both under conditions of no competition, where the alanyl-tRNA used was the only aminoacylated tRNAAla present in the system, and in experiments where the two alanyl-tRNAs were competing against each other.	Alanine	85-92	MS2	Homo sapiens	245-248
18492492-8	2008	This appears to be consistent with the calculated interaction energies of the L-cysteine, L-alanine and L-serine docked at the active site of AGT.	Alanine	90-99	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	142-145
18474595-3	2008	Mutation of cytoplasmic arginine residues 432, 436, and 440 to glutamine, aspartate, and alanine (the aligned residues of the human 5-HT3B subunit (yielding 5-HT3A(QDA)) increased PCa/PCs from 1.4 to 3.7.	Alanine	89-96	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	Homo sapiens	132-138
383072-12	1979	The increase in the rate of hydrolysis caused by the extension of the chain by a single alanine residue was most marked for pig pepsin A and human pepsin.	Alanine	88-95	pepsin A	Sus scrofa	128-136
18481858-1	2008	The nuclear poly(A) binding protein PABPN1 possesses a natural 10 alanine stretch that can be extended to 17 Ala by codon expansion.	Alanine	66-73	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
18481858-1	2008	The nuclear poly(A) binding protein PABPN1 possesses a natural 10 alanine stretch that can be extended to 17 Ala by codon expansion.	Alanine	109-112	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
18481858-3	2008	Here, we have studied the Ala extended fibrillar N-terminal fragment of PABPN1, (N-(+7)Ala), comprising 152 amino acids.	Alanine	26-29	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	72-78
18481858-3	2008	Here, we have studied the Ala extended fibrillar N-terminal fragment of PABPN1, (N-(+7)Ala), comprising 152 amino acids.	Alanine	87-90	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	72-78
18297283-3	2008	METHODS: The influence of alanine-substitution at Ser253 and Ser258 of TF (TF(Ala253) and TF( Ala258)) on the induction of cytotoxic evasion, as well as expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intra-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) was investigated.	Alanine	26-33	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	71-73
18297283-3	2008	METHODS: The influence of alanine-substitution at Ser253 and Ser258 of TF (TF(Ala253) and TF( Ala258)) on the induction of cytotoxic evasion, as well as expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intra-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1) was investigated.	Alanine	26-33	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	75-77
210807-10	1978	A line through the positive and negative charge centres, the dipole axis, crosses the tuna cytochrome c surface at Ala 83 (positive part) and Lys 99 (negative part).	Alanine	115-118	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	91-103
18617565-5	2008	Alanine substitution for the PKG phosphorylation candidate site at T69 but not at other sites (T14A, S28A, T193A, S321A) of TRPC6 similarly attenuated the inhibitory effects of SNAP and 8Br-cGMP.	Alanine	0-7	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
18652489-6	2008	Here, we dissect this specificity with biochemical and X-ray crystallographic analysis of APPBP1-UBA3-NEDD8 complexes in which NEDD8"s residue 72 and UBA3"s residue 190 are substituted with different combinations of Ala, Arg, or Gln.	Alanine	216-219	NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 subunit 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
18436620-6	2008	Systematic evaluation of this model revealed a close correlation of hepatic ischemia time with liver damage as measured by alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase serum levels.	Alanine	123-130	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	132-135
914836-7	1977	247, 3242-3251) shows a difference at position 6 where alanine in R17 is replaced by threonine in MS2.	Alanine	55-62	MS2	Homo sapiens	98-101
18433772-5	2008	The approach involves tagging functionally neutral Ala-to-Cys variants of alpha-synuclein with the long-lifetime fluorophore pyrene.	Alanine	51-54	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	74-89
18514484-4	2008	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation and inhibition of P-Rex1 using various truncated and alanine-substituted mutants and found that the domain-domain interaction of P-Rex1 is important for Gbetagamma-induced activation and PKA-induced inhibition.	Alanine	119-126	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
18514484-4	2008	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation and inhibition of P-Rex1 using various truncated and alanine-substituted mutants and found that the domain-domain interaction of P-Rex1 is important for Gbetagamma-induced activation and PKA-induced inhibition.	Alanine	119-126	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	195-201
592823-2	1977	The carboxyl-terminal sequence of rhodopsin is Val-Ser-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val-Ala-Pro-Ala.	Alanine	83-86	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	34-43
18588883-1	2008	Ala substitution of potential metal-ion binding residues in the main ligand-binding pocket of the Zn2+-activated G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) receptor did not decrease Zn2+ potency.	Alanine	0-3	G protein-coupled receptor 39	Homo sapiens	113-142
18588883-1	2008	Ala substitution of potential metal-ion binding residues in the main ligand-binding pocket of the Zn2+-activated G protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) receptor did not decrease Zn2+ potency.	Alanine	0-3	G protein-coupled receptor 39	Homo sapiens	144-149
18504176-3	2008	The Ser15 and Ser46 of p53 were mutated to Ala and identified by enzyme digestion and PCR, and these mutants were expressed in NIH3T3 cells and detected by Western blotting.	Alanine	43-46	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	23-26
18411209-3	2008	Transgenic flies expressing mutant dMTF-1 containing alanine substitutions of two, four or six cysteine residues within the sequence (547)CNCTNCKCDQTKSCHGGDC(565) are significantly or completely impaired in their ability to protect flies from copper toxicity and fail to up-regulate MtnA (metallothionein) expression in response to excess Cu.	Alanine	53-60	Metal response element-binding Transcription Factor-1	Drosophila melanogaster	35-41
592823-2	1977	The carboxyl-terminal sequence of rhodopsin is Val-Ser-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Ser-Gln-Val-Ala-Pro-Ala.	Alanine	91-94	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	34-43
765113-10	1976	GnRH increased release of either [3H]leucine- or [3H]alanine-labeled LH into medium, but had no significant effect on incorporation of labeled amino acids into total LH in the system.	Alanine	53-60	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18285345-5	2008	When the adjacent Ser(358), present in mouse and rat IRS-1, was mutated to alanine, which is homologous to the human sequence, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 or tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 was not increased.	Alanine	75-82	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
18342294-4	2008	In the present study, we performed functional domain mapping of the 16-amino acid region of C-CPE by replacing individual amino acids with alanine.	Alanine	139-146	cpe	Clostridium perfringens	94-97
18359295-9	2008	Finally, functional studies showed that mutation of S528 to alanine almost abolished the increase of transactivation activity by Pin1.	Alanine	60-67	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
16558023-3	1971	Aldehyde production resulting from myeloperoxidase-mediated decarboxylation and deamination of alanine was quantitated with 20,000-g granules from guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes serving as the enzyme.	Alanine	95-102	myeloperoxidase	Cavia porcellus	35-50
18439018-7	2008	The presence of alanine, threonine, or serine promoted furan formation by the recombination of C(2) fragments, such as acetaldehyde and glycolaldehyde, which may originate from both sugars and amino acids.	Alanine	16-23	complement C2	Homo sapiens	95-99
18416569-4	2008	Using Charmm27/CMAP equilibrium and replica-exchange (REX) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with Generalized Born implicit solvation methods, we find that the N-terminal cysteine capping of alanine peptides strongly enhances the helicity, even allowing the helical moiety to remain at temperatures beyond the denaturing temperature.	Alanine	193-200	cystatin F	Homo sapiens	15-19
18088355-5	2008	Inhibition of SGK1 phosphorylation sites on SRF and CREB1 with alanine substitution significantly diminished SGK1-enhanced zif268 expression in the promoter-luciferase assay.	Alanine	63-70	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
18238779-5	2008	Studies of chimeric proteases, consisting of various parts of the MMP-2 catalytic domain and those of MMP-7 (matrilysin) or MMP-9 (gelatinase B), further revealed that Ala(88) and Gly(94) in the non-prime side and Tyr(145) and Thr(146) in the prime side of the substrate-binding cleft of MMP-2 contribute separately to the selective inhibition.	Alanine	168-171	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	102-107
18238779-5	2008	Studies of chimeric proteases, consisting of various parts of the MMP-2 catalytic domain and those of MMP-7 (matrilysin) or MMP-9 (gelatinase B), further revealed that Ala(88) and Gly(94) in the non-prime side and Tyr(145) and Thr(146) in the prime side of the substrate-binding cleft of MMP-2 contribute separately to the selective inhibition.	Alanine	168-171	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	109-119
18310296-9	2008	Alanine-substitution variants of each of the four carboxy-terminal amino acids of gastrin-17 showed strongly reduced receptor activation but did not act as competitive inhibitors of gastrin-17.	Alanine	0-7	gastrin	Homo sapiens	82-89
33957441-2	2021	Previously, we identified a minimum 23-mer peptide spanning positions 21-43 of a mouse myostatin precursor-derived prodomain and identified the nine key residues for effective myostatin inhibition through Ala scanning.	Alanine	205-208	myostatin	Mus musculus	176-185
18083705-7	2008	Gel filtration analyses showed that either enzymatic conversion of Arg-51 in S100A3 to citrulline or its mutational substitution with alanine (R51A) promotes a homotetramer assembly.	Alanine	134-141	S100 calcium binding protein A3	Homo sapiens	77-83
17692377-11	2008	The validity of the structure is supported by the spatial arrangement of C8alpha Ala 164 in the peptide and C8gamma Ala 40, which are within disulfide-bonding distance of each other.	Alanine	81-84	complement C8 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	73-80
18378792-2	2008	Using the structure of the human semiinvariant NKT TCR-CD1d-alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) complex as a guide, we undertook an alanine scanning mutagenesis approach to define the energetic basis of this interaction between the NKT TCR and CD1d.	Alanine	136-143	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	55-59
33909987-2	2021	In bacterial RQC, RqcH marks the nascent chains with C-terminal alanine (Ala) tails that are directly recognized by proteasome-like proteases, whereas in eukaryotes, RqcH orthologs (Rqc2/NEMF [nuclear export mediator factor]) assist the Ltn1/Listerin E3 ligase in nascent chain ubiquitylation.	Alanine	73-76	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	187-191
18187694-11	2008	CONCLUSIONS: In our study, INPP4A was identified as a novel asthma candidate gene, whereby the +110832A/G (Thr/Ala) variant affected its stability and was significantly associated with asthma.	Alanine	111-114	inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type I A	Homo sapiens	27-33
17692377-11	2008	The validity of the structure is supported by the spatial arrangement of C8alpha Ala 164 in the peptide and C8gamma Ala 40, which are within disulfide-bonding distance of each other.	Alanine	116-119	complement C8 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	73-80
33909987-2	2021	In bacterial RQC, RqcH marks the nascent chains with C-terminal alanine (Ala) tails that are directly recognized by proteasome-like proteases, whereas in eukaryotes, RqcH orthologs (Rqc2/NEMF [nuclear export mediator factor]) assist the Ltn1/Listerin E3 ligase in nascent chain ubiquitylation.	Alanine	73-76	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	237-241
18048416-7	2008	Analysis of single- and multiple-point mutants revealed that mutation to Ala of the three HU-induced sites of phosphorylation partially rescued HU-dependent degradation of hEXO1 and additionally stabilized the protein in non-treated cells.	Alanine	73-76	exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	172-177
33909987-4	2021	We show that mammalian NEMF has an additional, Listerin-independent proteolytic role, which, as in bacteria, is mediated by tRNA-Ala binding and Ala tailing.	Alanine	129-132	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	23-27
33909987-4	2021	We show that mammalian NEMF has an additional, Listerin-independent proteolytic role, which, as in bacteria, is mediated by tRNA-Ala binding and Ala tailing.	Alanine	145-148	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	23-27
18023480-4	2008	In addition, a detailed analysis of the 4.1G "docking site" within Fc gamma RI is provided by examining Fc gamma RI-CY-truncated and alanine-substituted mutants.	Alanine	133-140	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	67-78
34015925-3	2021	A focused positional scanning pB1 library of Ala- and d-amino acid scans yielded a high-affinity pB1 analog, [K29k]pB1, with a 60-fold-improved EGFR affinity and mitogenicity.	Alanine	45-48	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	144-148
18262359-6	2008	This study demonstrated that LAT1 is involved in 90% of total uptake of tyrosine and also around 51% of alanine.	Alanine	104-111	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Homo sapiens	29-33
18262359-13	2008	Competition between tyrosine and alanine for transport is shown to exist, probably between LAT1 and LAT2 isoforms.	Alanine	33-40	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Homo sapiens	91-95
18162597-3	2008	Previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells showed that the amino acids alanine (Ala), asparagine (Asn), cysteine (Cys), Glu, glycine (Gly), and serine trigger transient Ca(2+) influx and membrane depolarization by a mechanism that depends on the GLR3.3 gene.	Alanine	80-87	glutamate receptor 3.3	Arabidopsis thaliana	255-261
20641676-19	2004	(1) inserted the amino acid sequence (Gly)3-Cys-Ala at the C terminus of L19 to produce the recombinant protein, AP39 The authors suggested that a (99m)Tc(V) oxo metal complex could be formed.	Alanine	48-51	skull development traits QTL 11	Mus musculus	73-76
34011968-5	2022	Site to site substitution of alanine for cysteine in JNK was applied to determine the S-nitrosylated site.	Alanine	29-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
17894550-8	2008	Expression of a mutant of ABC50 in which both sites are mutated to alanine markedly decreased the association of eIF2 with 80S ribosomal and polysomal fractions.	Alanine	67-74	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit beta	Homo sapiens	113-117
18205394-0	2008	Hofmeister salts and potential therapeutic compounds accelerate in vitro fibril formation of the N-terminal domain of PABPN1 containing a disease-causing alanine extension.	Alanine	154-161	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
18205394-2	2008	Fibril formation was investigated with the N-terminal domain of the nuclear poly-A binding protein PABPN1, a protein in which mutation-based alanine extensions lead to the disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	141-148	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
34008858-6	2021	Further Alanine scanning analyses demonstrated that residues Ile9, Leu10, Asn11, Asn12 and Asn14 are critical for its inhibitory activity at the alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3 and alpha3beta2 subtypes.	Alanine	8-15	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	145-168
18250273-7	2008	Similarly, overexpression of LKB1 wild-type but not LKB1 S428A mutants (serine replaced by alanine) restored the effects of metformin on AMPK in LKB1-deficient HeLa-S3 cells, suggesting that Ser428 phosphorylation of LKB1 is required for metformin-enhanced AMPK activation.	Alanine	91-98	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	29-33
17997402-6	2008	Mutation of T187 to a non-phosphorylatable alanine rendered the p27(Kip1)-imposed G1 arrest resistant to M cyclin expression.	Alanine	43-50	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	64-67
18053814-4	2008	Mutations of Val, Ala, Thr, and Phe at positions 61, 89, 111 and 125 on MGL1 CRD caused reductions in Le(X) binding.	Alanine	18-21	C-type lectin domain family 10, member A	Mus musculus	72-76
33978648-2	2021	The reaction of the two-electron reducing agent [AlCp*]4 (Cp* = C5Me5) with arsenic nanoparticles gave rise to a mixture of two unprecedented deca- and dodecanuclear Al-As clusters.	Alanine	166-171	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	49-53
18067269-6	2008	Finally applying those optimal conditions, a series of [Ala (1,2,3), Leu (8)]Enk analogs modified at Tyr (4) or Phe (7) positions was synthesized using diverse boronic acid derivatives.	Alanine	56-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	69-80
17872379-1	2008	A number of amino acids essential for Gs coupling, i.e. hot spots, were identified after in vitro Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the cytosolic extensions of helices 3, 5, and 6 and of intracellular loops 2 and 3 (IL2 and IL3) of the human LH receptor (LHR).	Alanine	98-101	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	218-221
17872379-1	2008	A number of amino acids essential for Gs coupling, i.e. hot spots, were identified after in vitro Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the cytosolic extensions of helices 3, 5, and 6 and of intracellular loops 2 and 3 (IL2 and IL3) of the human LH receptor (LHR).	Alanine	98-101	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	236-247
17872379-1	2008	A number of amino acids essential for Gs coupling, i.e. hot spots, were identified after in vitro Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the cytosolic extensions of helices 3, 5, and 6 and of intracellular loops 2 and 3 (IL2 and IL3) of the human LH receptor (LHR).	Alanine	98-101	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	249-252
33910646-14	2021	The measurement of GLUD1 and GPT2 metabolic substrates, ammonia, and alanine, by noninvasive MR spectroscopy, may potentially allow the identification of IDH1mut AGII and AGIII progression towards secondary GBM.	Alanine	69-76	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	154-166
17928297-5	2007	Changing these phosphorylatable threonine and serine residues to unphosphorylatable alanines significantly reduces the transcriptional activation activity of ERK5.	Alanine	84-92	mitogen-activated protein kinase 7	Homo sapiens	158-162
17676332-3	2008	RESULTS: Both the GSTP1 (105) isoleucine/isoleucine and GSTP1 (114) alanine/alanine genotypes showed higher levels of U-MDX than the other genotypes and the GSTP1 (114) genotype modified the P-MDX/U-MDX relationship.	Alanine	68-75	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
17676332-3	2008	RESULTS: Both the GSTP1 (105) isoleucine/isoleucine and GSTP1 (114) alanine/alanine genotypes showed higher levels of U-MDX than the other genotypes and the GSTP1 (114) genotype modified the P-MDX/U-MDX relationship.	Alanine	68-75	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
17676332-3	2008	RESULTS: Both the GSTP1 (105) isoleucine/isoleucine and GSTP1 (114) alanine/alanine genotypes showed higher levels of U-MDX than the other genotypes and the GSTP1 (114) genotype modified the P-MDX/U-MDX relationship.	Alanine	76-83	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
17676332-3	2008	RESULTS: Both the GSTP1 (105) isoleucine/isoleucine and GSTP1 (114) alanine/alanine genotypes showed higher levels of U-MDX than the other genotypes and the GSTP1 (114) genotype modified the P-MDX/U-MDX relationship.	Alanine	76-83	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
33428894-7	2021	It was found that the disruption of leucine heptad repeats within TM3 dramatically reduced the uptake function and protein-protein association of OATP1B1; while within TM8, only L378 is essential for the function of OATP1B1 and alanine replacement of L378 exhibited no effect on the oligomerization.	Alanine	228-235	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	146-153
17989718-7	2008	When these two aspartates were mutated into alanines, more intriguingly, the apoptosis-amplified action of AML1-ETO induction completely disappeared, while inducible expression of the caspase-3-cleaved 70 kDa fragment of AML1-ETO after tetracycline removal is sufficient to enhance apoptotic sensitivity.	Alanine	44-52	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
17989718-7	2008	When these two aspartates were mutated into alanines, more intriguingly, the apoptosis-amplified action of AML1-ETO induction completely disappeared, while inducible expression of the caspase-3-cleaved 70 kDa fragment of AML1-ETO after tetracycline removal is sufficient to enhance apoptotic sensitivity.	Alanine	44-52	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	221-225
17997402-6	2008	Mutation of T187 to a non-phosphorylatable alanine rendered the p27(Kip1)-imposed G1 arrest resistant to M cyclin expression.	Alanine	43-50	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	68-72
18932073-0	2008	Hb Gerland [alpha 55(E4)Val-->Ala]: a mutation found on the alpha1-globin gene.	Alanine	30-33	ubiquitination factor E4A	Homo sapiens	0-23
18932073-1	2008	The Hb Gerland [alpha 55(E4)Val-->Ala] mutation has been described in the alpha2-globin gene.	Alanine	34-37	ubiquitination factor E4A	Homo sapiens	4-27
17898082-6	2007	Analysis of Reg-II expression in various keratin-related transgenic mouse models showed that its induction also occurs in response to keratin cytoplasmic filament collapse, absence, or ablation of K18 Ser52 but not Ser33 phosphorylation via Ser-to-Ala mutation, which represent situations associated with predisposition to liver but not pancreatic injury.	Alanine	248-251	regenerating islet-derived 2	Mus musculus	12-18
17895239-6	2007	Consistent with this observation, changing the serine 171 residue that forms the optimal PKA phosphorylation site within the "activation loop" of HPK1 to alanine completely prevents this mutant from responding to PGE(2)-generated stimulation signals.	Alanine	154-161	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1	Mus musculus	146-150
17709378-5	2007	Mutation of this conserved residue to alanine (A) blocked the ability of retrovirally expressed TPL-2 to induce the activation of ERK in LPS-stimulated Nfkb1(-/-) macrophages.	Alanine	38-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Homo sapiens	96-101
33595041-4	2021	Molecular dynamics simulations, followed by computational alanine scanning of the IGF2R/IGF2 complex, led to the identification of a putative peptide sequence containing the most relevant amino acids for the receptor-ligand interaction (IGF2 E12-C21).	Alanine	58-65	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	82-87
17913921-5	2007	Mutation of Thr-276 in the fifth transmembrane domain (TM5) to alanine or aspartate prevented activation of wild-type hSERT through the PKG pathway and also blocked the inhibition of I425V activity by inhibitors of the pathway.	Alanine	63-70	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
26619992-5	2008	In this paper HSMD is developed further as applied to the flexible 7-residue surface loop, 304-310 (Gly-His-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Ser) of the enzyme porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Alanine	112-115	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	151-175
33595041-4	2021	Molecular dynamics simulations, followed by computational alanine scanning of the IGF2R/IGF2 complex, led to the identification of a putative peptide sequence containing the most relevant amino acids for the receptor-ligand interaction (IGF2 E12-C21).	Alanine	58-65	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
33595041-4	2021	Molecular dynamics simulations, followed by computational alanine scanning of the IGF2R/IGF2 complex, led to the identification of a putative peptide sequence containing the most relevant amino acids for the receptor-ligand interaction (IGF2 E12-C21).	Alanine	58-65	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
19165611-9	2008	Intact and protease-digested cTn subunits were fragmented by electron capture dissociation or collision activated dissociation to localize an Ala/Ser polymorphism at residue 7 of cTnI.	Alanine	142-145	troponin I3, cardiac type	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
18005091-3	2008	Additionally, a new HLA-B allele, B*3579, was found in the same family, showing a difference of one amino acid residue at position 211 (Ala &gt; Glu) compared with B*3543.	Alanine	136-139	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	20-25
17640984-7	2007	In cells, preventing phosphorylation of Ser(629) by a Ser(629)Ala mutation resulted in increased phosphorylation of Ser(636), a known negative regulator of IRS-1, without affecting phosphorylation of Tyr(632) or Ser(616).	Alanine	62-65	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
17609418-5	2007	Mutation of Trp55 to alanine blocks apoE peptide-induced inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh)-mediated alpha7 nAChR responses.	Alanine	21-28	apolipoprotein E L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-40
17609419-3	2007	We establish that oligomerization is mediated by a predicted coiled-coil sequence (amino acids 1507-1520) in the extreme C terminus of LARG and that substitution of isoleucines 1507/1510 with alanines disrupts homo-oligomerization and leads to nucleocytoplasmic shuttling via the CRM1 nuclear transport pathway.	Alanine	192-200	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	280-284
17419807-6	2007	The phosphorylation was markedly decreased by mutation either Ser276 or Ser285 of amph 1 to alanine (S276A and S285A).	Alanine	92-99	amphiphysin	Rattus norvegicus	82-88
33850892-12	2021	In addition, the part of the residues on the TCR alpha or beta single chain that produced bond types of interaction with the polypeptide after being replaced by Ala or Gly, the intermolecular binding free energy of the complex was increased, regardless of whether HB was formed.	Alanine	161-164	T cell receptor alpha joining 60 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	45-54
33748705-5	2021	By constructing and evaluating the trans-omic network controlling the differences in metabolic reactions between fasted wild-type and ob/ob mice, we provided potential mechanisms of the obesity-associated dysfunctions of metabolic cycles between liver and skeletal muscle involving glucose-alanine, glucose-lactate, and ketone bodies.	Alanine	290-297	leptin	Mus musculus	134-136
17516032-5	2007	In addition, we show that replacement of specific serines with alanines in either isoform of SIRT2 regulates its enzymatic activity.	Alanine	63-71	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
17901049-7	2007	Mutations of four lysine residues to alanine in IRS-2 protein, on the other hand, led to its reduced basal level acetylation and insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	37-44	insulin receptor substrate 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
33748705-5	2021	By constructing and evaluating the trans-omic network controlling the differences in metabolic reactions between fasted wild-type and ob/ob mice, we provided potential mechanisms of the obesity-associated dysfunctions of metabolic cycles between liver and skeletal muscle involving glucose-alanine, glucose-lactate, and ketone bodies.	Alanine	290-297	leptin	Mus musculus	137-139
20641675-11	2004	A synthetic peptide (Arg-Glu-Asn-Leu-Arg-Ile-Ala-Leu-Arg-Tyr, B2702-p) corresponding to residues 75-84 of HLA-B2702 was shown to bind specifically to VCAM-1 (9).	Alanine	45-48	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	106-111
32660255-8	2021	Suppression of Cdk5 reduced Sirt1 phosphorylation levels and mutation of S47 to nonphosphorable alanine (S47A), significantly attenuated podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic condition in vivo and in vitro.	Alanine	96-103	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	15-19
17760951-8	2007	By scanning a HBx expression library of the clustered-alanine substitution mutants, the N-terminal domain was found to be critical for overcoming active RAS-induced senescence by stabilizing full-length HBx.	Alanine	54-61	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	14-17
33130263-5	2021	In this study, we are focusing on the ability of ALA to induce spontaneous assembly in tau protein.	Alanine	49-52	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	87-90
17760951-8	2007	By scanning a HBx expression library of the clustered-alanine substitution mutants, the N-terminal domain was found to be critical for overcoming active RAS-induced senescence by stabilizing full-length HBx.	Alanine	54-61	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	203-206
33130263-6	2021	ALA inhibited the tau aggregation as indicated by reduced ThS fluorescence kinetics, which indicates no aggregation of tau.	Alanine	0-3	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	18-21
33530084-7	2021	In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels.	Alanine	238-241	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
17627859-6	2007	The most abundant amino acids in the P60 that account for 68.3% of the total residues are glycine (32.1%), aspartic acid (17.4%), alanine (13.6%), and glutamic acid (5.2%).	Alanine	130-137	plasma protein 1	Mus musculus	37-40
17911403-2	2007	Addition of IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma (at concentrations that did not induce apoptosis) inhibited chronic (24 h) and acute stimulated levels of insulin release (by 59 and 93% respectively), increased cellular glucose and alanine consumption, and also elevated lactate and glutamate release.	Alanine	248-255	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	55-64
32181977-4	2020	We revealed CD9 lipidation at its three most frequent lipidated sites suffices for EWI-F binding, while cysteine to alanine CD9 mutations markedly reduced binding of EWI-F.	Alanine	116-123	prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor	Homo sapiens	166-171
17623675-9	2007	When all three serine residues on p300 were replaced by alanine, EGF could no longer induce the gene expression of keratin 16.	Alanine	56-63	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	65-68
17626895-10	2007	PKG-mediated inhibition of Ca(v)1.2 current was significantly reduced by coexpression of an alanine-substituted Ca(v)1.2 beta(2a) subunit (Ser(496)).	Alanine	92-99	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32436183-3	2020	In thyroid-deficient patients, decreased levels of free T3 have been associated with the polymorphism rs225014 A/G in DIO2, which causes the substitution of Threonine with Alanine (p.Thr92Ala) at protein level.	Alanine	172-179	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
17540699-8	2007	TREK-2 mutants in which putative protein kinases A and C phosphorylation sites were mutated to alanines (S326A, S359A, S326A/S359A) displayed mostly TREK-2S and TREK-2L phenotypes.	Alanine	95-103	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Homo sapiens	0-6
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	54-57	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
17561512-5	2007	Interestingly, hypotonic extracts prepared from HEK293T cells expressing the serine to alanine mutant exhibited increased lipid transfer activity compared with those from wild-type StarD10-expressing cells, suggesting that, in a cellular context, phosphorylation on serine 284 negatively regulates StarD10 activity.	Alanine	87-94	StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 10	Homo sapiens	181-188
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	121-124	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
17561512-5	2007	Interestingly, hypotonic extracts prepared from HEK293T cells expressing the serine to alanine mutant exhibited increased lipid transfer activity compared with those from wild-type StarD10-expressing cells, suggesting that, in a cellular context, phosphorylation on serine 284 negatively regulates StarD10 activity.	Alanine	87-94	StAR related lipid transfer domain containing 10	Homo sapiens	298-305
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	121-124	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	121-124	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	121-124	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
32198610-8	2020	There were statistically significant between the PRF1 Ala91Val polymorphism and HLH risk though the pooled analysis [for Ala/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled odds ratio (OR) = 3.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-9.56, P = 0.035, random model; for Ala/Val + Val/Val vs. Ala/Ala: pooled OR = 2.96, 95% CI 1.14-7.69, P = 0.025, random model].	Alanine	121-124	perforin 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
32870823-3	2020	We created transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of human NaV1.5 channels with alanine-substitutions for the IQ motif (IQ/AA).	Alanine	90-97	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	69-75
17461777-6	2007	Similarly, mutation of the yCdc34 phosphorylation sites to alanine, aspartate or glutamate residues altered Cdc34-SCFCdc4-mediated Sic1 ubiquitination activity.	Alanine	59-66	cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibiting protein SIC1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
31983282-5	2020	Alanine substitutions of PRKDC phosphorylation sites in PRKAG1 reduced AMPK complex activation without affecting its nucleotide sensing capacity.	Alanine	0-7	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
17592768-9	2007	The SNP (C/T) detected at position 11785 in exon 17 creates a substitution change for the amino acid sequence, resulting in an Ala residue (GCG) transition to a Val residue (GTG) in position 484 of buffalo DGAT1 protein.	Alanine	127-130	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	206-211
32640903-4	2020	Approach and Results: We generated a mouse model harboring a point mutation of the murine counterpart of this arginine into alanine (R264A-ERalpha).	Alanine	124-131	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	139-146
17535987-5	2007	RESULTS: The alanine-carrying allele at the IFIH1 codon 946 polymorphism was present in 796 of 1204 (66%) Graves" disease patient alleles compared with 508 of 892 (57%) control subject alleles [odds ratio 1.47 (5-95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.76); P = 1.9 x 10(-5)].	Alanine	13-20	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
32200708-5	2020	To moderately prolong its plasma half-life and, thus, increase tumor uptake, the recombinant Fab was fused with a long disordered amino acid chain comprising Pro, Ala and Ser residues (PASylation).	Alanine	163-166	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	93-96
17656586-5	2007	We report a detailed structural and functional analysis of the human HtrA2/Omi PDZ domain using peptide libraries and affinity assays to define specificity, X-ray crystallography to view molecular details of PDZ-ligand interactions, and alanine-scanning mutagenesis to probe the peptide-binding groove.	Alanine	237-244	HtrA serine peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	69-78
17548045-4	2007	The CD23-based substrate, Dabcyl-His-Gly-Asp-Gln-Met-Ala-Gln-Lys-Ser-Lys(Fam)-NH2, is more selective, being hydrolyzed efficiently only by ADAM8 and ADAM10.	Alanine	53-56	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 8	Homo sapiens	139-144
32325540-0	2020	In vivo detection of d-amino acid oxidase with hyperpolarized d-[1-13 C]alanine.	Alanine	72-79	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	21-41
17479226-6	2007	The results demonstrated that 4 x Ala, 4 x His, 4 x Gln, and 4 x Cys produced over 200% of the yield of wild-type GST.	Alanine	34-37	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
17502353-4	2007	Alteration of S138 to an alanine residue impaired T-cell activation-induced ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Bcl10, ultimately resulting in prolongation of TCR-mediated NF-kappaB activation and enhancement of interleukin-2 production.	Alanine	25-32	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	168-171
17548821-5	2007	Structure-guided alanine mutagenesis of R5-6 revealed that two Lys residues (Lys-2360 and Lys-2467) constitute a central binding site for the low-density lipoprotein receptor class A module in the receptor, indicating a strong similarity to the ligand recognition mode shared among the endocytic lipoprotein receptors.	Alanine	17-24	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	142-174
17764303-1	2007	By incorporating effective basis sets containing diffuse functions only in the interaction region of hydrogen-bonded complexes into the simple extrapolation scheme suitable for such basis sets, an accurate estimation of the MP2 basis set limit hydrogen-bonding energies of formic acid tetramer, formamide tetramer, alanine-water, phenol-water, and guanine-cytosine base pair is made with all estimates falling within 0.1-0.3 kcalmol of the reference basis set limits.	Alanine	315-322	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	224-227
32119862-10	2020	Finally, Ala-substitution of Ser68, a key phosphorylation site in the PEST domain of IRBIT, causes distinct functional consequences depending on the structural context of the Nt appendage in different IRBIT isoforms.	Alanine	9-12	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
17597155-4	2007	It is widely believed that the highly charged region interacts with actin, while the Pro/Ala-rich sequence forms a rigid tether that bridges the approximately 9 nm distance between the myosin lever arm and the thin filament.	Alanine	89-92	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	185-191
17395589-6	2007	Mutation of the modified serine to alanine in TSR2, TSR5, TSR7, and TSR8 reduced the secretion of ADAMTS13.	Alanine	35-42	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	98-106
32119862-10	2020	Finally, Ala-substitution of Ser68, a key phosphorylation site in the PEST domain of IRBIT, causes distinct functional consequences depending on the structural context of the Nt appendage in different IRBIT isoforms.	Alanine	9-12	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	201-206
17635580-6	2007	Substitutions of alanines for the di-leucine residues (LL148,149/AA) severely impaired the internalization of ZIP1 and subsequent protein degradation, leading to an accumulation of the mutant ZIP1 on the cell surface, as well as inside the cell.	Alanine	17-25	solute carrier family 39 member 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
17439954-8	2007	ArsD mutants with alanines substituting for Cys(112), Cys(113), Cys(119), or Cys(120) individually or in pairs or truncations lacking the vicinal pairs retained ability to interact with ArsA and to activate its ATPase activity.	Alanine	18-26	ArsD	Escherichia coli	0-4
17635580-6	2007	Substitutions of alanines for the di-leucine residues (LL148,149/AA) severely impaired the internalization of ZIP1 and subsequent protein degradation, leading to an accumulation of the mutant ZIP1 on the cell surface, as well as inside the cell.	Alanine	17-25	solute carrier family 39 member 1	Homo sapiens	192-196
32155353-13	2020	Interestingly, a substitution of Ala (cattle) to Ser in position 82, and eight additional amino acid residues composing an alpha-helix region are present in yak AQP4 protein.	Alanine	33-36	aquaporin 4	Bos taurus	161-165
17630987-8	2007	Substitution of S192 with a non-phosphorylatable alanine diminishes both the transcriptional and neuroprotective activity of MEF2C to an extent similar to mutation on S387, an established activating phosphorylation site.	Alanine	49-56	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Homo sapiens	125-130
32161166-10	2020	More than 20% of peptides eluted from HLA-B*51:01 lacked Proline or Alanine at P2.	Alanine	68-75	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	38-43
17698249-4	2007	The conformation of [Nle(15)] gastrin-17 consisted of two short helices between Leu(5)-Glu(9) and Ala(11)-Trp(14), with the one helix terminating in a type I beta-turn spanning Gly(13)-Asp(16).	Alanine	98-101	gastrin	Homo sapiens	30-37
17555880-8	2007	Immunohistochemical observations in the hippocampi of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1-infused rats showed that NeuN-positive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes were immunoreactive for TIMP-1.	Alanine	54-57	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
17293376-8	2007	The fibronectin-induced depression of contractility was blocked by the integrin antagonist Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) but not by its negative control Gly-Arg-Ala-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRADSP).	Alanine	154-157	fibronectin 1	Bos taurus	4-15
17371994-4	2007	We also show that a phosphorylation-deficient Ser(138)/Ala mutant specifically inhibits TCR-induced actin polymerization yet does not affect NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	55-58	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	88-91
17503777-4	2007	Herein, we found that mutation of a cis-proline, Pro75, in human thioredoxin to serine, threonine, or alanine leads to the formation of an Fe2-S2 cluster in this protein.	Alanine	102-109	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	65-76
32155329-6	2020	In particular, alpha-actinin, Rac1, Cdc42, and ITGalpha1 were upregulated in S273 cells with alanine substitutions, whereas FAK, Pxn, and Src were downregulated, leading to improved focal adhesion formation.	Alanine	93-100	ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1	Cricetulus griseus	30-34
17395589-6	2007	Mutation of the modified serine to alanine in TSR2, TSR5, TSR7, and TSR8 reduced the secretion of ADAMTS13.	Alanine	35-42	TSR2 ribosome maturation factor	Homo sapiens	46-50
17388440-1	2007	We used UV resonance Raman (UVRR) to examine the spatial dependence of the T-jump secondary structure relaxation of an isotopically labeled 21-residue mainly Ala peptide, AdP.	Alanine	158-161	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Homo sapiens	171-174
32155329-6	2020	In particular, alpha-actinin, Rac1, Cdc42, and ITGalpha1 were upregulated in S273 cells with alanine substitutions, whereas FAK, Pxn, and Src were downregulated, leading to improved focal adhesion formation.	Alanine	93-100	cell division control protein 42 homolog	Cricetulus griseus	36-41
17388440-2	2007	The AdP penultimate Ala residues were perdeuterated, leaving the central residues hydrogenated, to allow separate monitoring of melting of the middle versus the end peptide bonds.	Alanine	20-23	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
17388440-9	2007	In addition, we also find that the alpha-helix is most stable at the AdP N-terminus where eight consecutive Ala occur, whereas the three hydrophilic Arg located in the middle and at the C-terminus destabilize the alpha-helix in these regions and induce defects such as pi-bulges and 3(10)-helices.	Alanine	108-111	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
17098283-3	2007	Two negatively charged residues, E1024 (conserved in TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM1 and TRPM3) and D1031 (conserved along the entire TRPM subfamily), were identified as important determinants of cation permeation through TRPM6, because neutralization of both residues into an alanine resulted in non-functional channels.	Alanine	265-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
32155329-6	2020	In particular, alpha-actinin, Rac1, Cdc42, and ITGalpha1 were upregulated in S273 cells with alanine substitutions, whereas FAK, Pxn, and Src were downregulated, leading to improved focal adhesion formation.	Alanine	93-100	integrin alpha-1	Cricetulus griseus	47-56
17363596-3	2007	Expression of dominant-negative Smad1, in which serines at the COOH-terminal SSVS motif are converted to alanines, suppressed MIS-induced Smad1 phosphorylation and impaired MIS-stimulated Gro-beta promoter-driven reporter expression and Gro-beta mRNA.	Alanine	105-113	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	126-129
31983427-6	2020	Consistent with this, the mutation of serine into alanine (S1947A) prevented the regulation of Cdk5 on CaV1.3 channel activity.	Alanine	50-57	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	95-99
16977453-9	2007	A single amino acid change, from alanine to threonine, within this NLS found in the Arabidopsis abi3-7 mutant prevents transcription of AtEm1 and AtEm6 in vivo.	Alanine	33-40	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
16977453-9	2007	A single amino acid change, from alanine to threonine, within this NLS found in the Arabidopsis abi3-7 mutant prevents transcription of AtEm1 and AtEm6 in vivo.	Alanine	33-40	Stress induced protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	146-151
17416668-2	2007	The AruH protein was proposed to catalyze the first step in the ATA pathway, converting the substrates L-arginine and pyruvate into 2-ketoarginine and L-alanine.	Alanine	151-160	arginine:pyruvate transaminase AruH	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	4-8
17416668-5	2007	High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses were employed to detect the presence of the transamination products 2-ketoarginine and L-alanine, thus demonstrating the proposed biochemical reaction catalyzed by AruH.	Alanine	162-171	arginine:pyruvate transaminase AruH	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	239-243
31983427-6	2020	Consistent with this, the mutation of serine into alanine (S1947A) prevented the regulation of Cdk5 on CaV1.3 channel activity.	Alanine	50-57	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Homo sapiens	103-109
17319845-11	2007	The results showed that alaat1-1 plants accumulate more alanine than wild-type plants during the early phase of hypoxia, and the decline in accumulated alanine was delayed in the alaat1-1 line during the post-hypoxia recovery period.	Alanine	56-63	alanine aminotransferas	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-30
31983435-5	2020	Mutation of Ser685 to phospho-null alanine (S685A) prevented both CaMKIIalpha and PKA phosphorylation of a GST-Shank3 fusion protein.	Alanine	35-42	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3	Homo sapiens	111-117
17319845-11	2007	The results showed that alaat1-1 plants accumulate more alanine than wild-type plants during the early phase of hypoxia, and the decline in accumulated alanine was delayed in the alaat1-1 line during the post-hypoxia recovery period.	Alanine	152-159	alanine aminotransferas	Arabidopsis thaliana	179-185
17319845-12	2007	When alanine was supplied as the nitrogen source, alaat1-1 plants utilized alanine less efficiently than wild-type plants did.	Alanine	5-12	alanine aminotransferas	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-56
17319845-12	2007	When alanine was supplied as the nitrogen source, alaat1-1 plants utilized alanine less efficiently than wild-type plants did.	Alanine	75-82	alanine aminotransferas	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-56
17319845-13	2007	These results indicate that the primary role of AlaAT1 is to break down alanine when it is in excess.	Alanine	72-79	alanine aminotransferas	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-54
17486669-4	2007	Br(-)NPB-23-NH2 analogs in which each amino acid in positions 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 21 was replaced with alanine or glycine exhibited potent binding affinity comparable to the parent peptide.	Alanine	109-116	neuropeptide B	Homo sapiens	5-8
18690032-6	2007	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed in the pore region of HERG.	Alanine	0-7	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
32124883-4	2020	First, hot spots in 53BP1 were predicted by computational alanine scanning and aromatic cages formed by W1495, Y1500, Y1502, and Y1523 are found to provide the dominant binding to di- and mono-methylated H4K20 in addition to D1521.	Alanine	58-65	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
17409501-8	2007	These results suggest that L-alanine, glycine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine, but not the D-form amino acids, have a hypopigmenting effect in B16F0 melanoma cells, and that these effects are not due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity.	Alanine	27-36	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	217-227
31017232-2	2020	Two amino acid sequences of bovine CXCR1 was selected from database UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: a) non-polymorphic sequence (A7KWG0) with alanine (A) at position 122, and b) polymorphic sequence harboring the A122V polymorphism, substituting alanine by valine (V) at same position.	Alanine	132-139	C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2	Bos taurus	35-40
17205979-7	2007	Constitutive negative mutants, mimicking hypomethylated RARalpha, were prepared by replacing methylated Lys(347) with either alanine or glutamine.	Alanine	125-132	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-64
17121826-5	2007	To identify residues important for the cation selectivity of PMAT, 10 negatively charged residues were chosen and substituted with alanine.	Alanine	131-138	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
17121826-6	2007	Five of the alanine mutants retained PMAT activity, and four were non-functional due to impaired targeting to the plasma membrane.	Alanine	12-19	solute carrier family 29 member 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
17182854-7	2007	Furthermore, expression of the GRASP family member GRASP55 after alanine substitution of its MEK1-dependent mitotic phosphorylation sites inhibited both late G(2) Golgi unlinking and the G(2)/M transition.	Alanine	65-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
31017232-2	2020	Two amino acid sequences of bovine CXCR1 was selected from database UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: a) non-polymorphic sequence (A7KWG0) with alanine (A) at position 122, and b) polymorphic sequence harboring the A122V polymorphism, substituting alanine by valine (V) at same position.	Alanine	236-243	C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2	Bos taurus	35-40
17173941-4	2007	EGF induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of unliganded wild-type, but not mutant PRs containing an Ala at position 294 (S294A).	Alanine	108-111	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
17016431-3	2007	Expression of p85alpha(PI3K) mutants (alanine or aspartic substitutions) significantly altered the biological responses of the cells to cAMP.	Alanine	38-45	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Mus musculus	14-22
31017232-7	2020	Thus, the findings described herein prove that the replacement of the alanine by valine amino acids provokes local conformational changes in the A122V-harboring CXCR1 protein, which could directly affect its post-translational folding mechanisms and biological functionality.	Alanine	70-77	C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2	Bos taurus	161-166
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
31712308-4	2019	At pCa 3.7, actin filaments containing high-alanine TnT had an elevated ATPase rate like that obtained when the last TnT 14 residues were deleted.	Alanine	44-51	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	52-55
17213197-6	2007	We have identified the amino acid residues of DOHH that are critical for substrate binding by alanine substitution of 36 conserved amino acid residues.	Alanine	94-101	deoxyhypusine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	46-50
17204471-3	2007	By replacing this conserved aspartic acid residue with alanine, asparagine, glutamate, and arginine, we now show that this residue plays a crucial role in binding and signal transduction of NPY/PP at all YRs.	Alanine	55-62	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	190-193
16965261-6	2007	Replacement of RRR, an endoplasmic reticulum retention motif, by alanine residues in the C-terminus of hNET2 resulted in a similar expression and function compared with the WT, while partly recovering the effects of the mutation of ENE.	Alanine	65-72	tetraspanin 12	Homo sapiens	103-108
17229142-3	2007	The disorder is caused by trinucleotide (GCG) expansions in the N-terminal part of the poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) that result in the extension of a 10-alanine segment by up to seven more alanines.	Alanine	159-166	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	87-112
31712308-5	2019	Acrylodan-tropomyosin fluorescence changes and S1-actin binding kinetics revealed that at pCa 8, the high-alanine TnT-containing filaments did not enter the first inactive state.	Alanine	106-113	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	114-117
17229142-3	2007	The disorder is caused by trinucleotide (GCG) expansions in the N-terminal part of the poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) that result in the extension of a 10-alanine segment by up to seven more alanines.	Alanine	159-166	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	114-120
31712308-6	2019	Forster Resonance Energy Transfer analyses indicated that the C-terminal TnT region approached Cys-190 of tropomyosin as actin filaments transitioned to the inactive B state; that transition was abolished with high-alanine TnT.	Alanine	215-222	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	73-76
17229142-3	2007	The disorder is caused by trinucleotide (GCG) expansions in the N-terminal part of the poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) that result in the extension of a 10-alanine segment by up to seven more alanines.	Alanine	195-203	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	87-112
17229142-3	2007	The disorder is caused by trinucleotide (GCG) expansions in the N-terminal part of the poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) that result in the extension of a 10-alanine segment by up to seven more alanines.	Alanine	195-203	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	114-120
31712308-6	2019	Forster Resonance Energy Transfer analyses indicated that the C-terminal TnT region approached Cys-190 of tropomyosin as actin filaments transitioned to the inactive B state; that transition was abolished with high-alanine TnT.	Alanine	215-222	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	223-226
31712308-7	2019	High-alanine TnT-containing cardiac muscle preparations had increased Ca2+ sensitivity of both steady-state isometric force and sinusoidal stiffness as well as  increased maximum steady-state isometric force and sinusoidal stiffness.	Alanine	5-12	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	13-16
17070014-8	2007	By using Ser to Ala mutants in p65 and c-Rel transactivation domains, PKCzeta and NIK activities seem to be dependent of a restricted set of Ser in both proteins.	Alanine	16-19	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	31-34
17070014-8	2007	By using Ser to Ala mutants in p65 and c-Rel transactivation domains, PKCzeta and NIK activities seem to be dependent of a restricted set of Ser in both proteins.	Alanine	16-19	reticuloendotheliosis oncogene	Mus musculus	39-44
31911858-9	2019	Consistently, Akr1b8 deficiency in mice promoted DEN-induced hepatocyte damage and liver inflammation characterized by increased phospho-H2AX, serum alanine aminotransferase, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha level, myeloid cell infiltration and led to more severe hepatocarcinogenesis and metastasis compared with wild type mice due to significant alteration on detoxification and oxidoreduction.	Alanine	149-156	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B8	Mus musculus	14-20
17300591-3	2007	These drugs reversibly block DPP-IV-mediated inactivation of incretin hormones, for example, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and also other peptides that have alanine or proline as the penultimate N-terminal amino acid.	Alanine	159-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
31565863-6	2019	Key DEGs, such as FcgammaR Ib and FcgammaR Ia, and interferon-alpha inducible protein 27 showed correlation with alanine aminotransferase levels, and they were differentially expressed between acute and immune-tolerant phases and between immune-tolerant and immune-clearance phases.	Alanine	113-120	Fc gamma receptor Ib, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	18-88
17250800-6	2007	5-Formyltetrahydrohomofolate was not a substrate for murine MTHFS, but was metabolized when the MTHFS active site Y151 was mutated to Ala.	Alanine	134-137	5, 10-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase	Mus musculus	96-101
17068812-6	2007	JSP-1 has no loop corresponding to the Lys120-loop of PTP1B, and tryptophan residue corresponding to the substrate-stacking in PTP1B is substituted by alanine residue in JSP-1.	Alanine	151-158	dual specificity phosphatase 22	Homo sapiens	0-5
17068812-6	2007	JSP-1 has no loop corresponding to the Lys120-loop of PTP1B, and tryptophan residue corresponding to the substrate-stacking in PTP1B is substituted by alanine residue in JSP-1.	Alanine	151-158	dual specificity phosphatase 22	Homo sapiens	170-175
17145868-8	2006	We have identified the MMP7 cleavage site at position Ala(515)-Ile(516) in the beta3 chain.	Alanine	54-57	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	23-27
16941095-9	2006	In comparison to GluD3-21, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected for GluD3-22 in the signal peptide region, resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to threonine at the 11th position; and 11 mutations were found at GluD3-23, with five in upstream region, four in coding region and two in downstream region, respectively.	Alanine	161-168	LMW-GS P-23	Triticum aestivum	83-88
16941095-9	2006	In comparison to GluD3-21, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected for GluD3-22 in the signal peptide region, resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to threonine at the 11th position; and 11 mutations were found at GluD3-23, with five in upstream region, four in coding region and two in downstream region, respectively.	Alanine	161-168	LMW-GS P-23	Triticum aestivum	83-88
31472961-3	2019	Unlike the wild-type MC1R, the dimerization-defective mutant MC1R in which four critical Cys residues were replaced with Ala residues (Cys35-267-273-275Ala) significantly inhibited melanin synthesis but enhanced cell migration in human MNT-1 and A375 melanoma cells.	Alanine	121-124	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
16877378-8	2006	These data provide evidence that within each subunit of EAAT1, Ala-395 in TM7 resides close to a residue at the tip of each re-entrant loop (HP1 and HP2) and that these residues are repositioned relative to one another at different steps in the transport cycle.	Alanine	63-66	chromobox 5	Homo sapiens	141-144
17324944-7	2007	Mutations to alanine of basic residues within the second AT-hook resulted in inhibition of HMGA2 nuclear localization and impairment of its function in activating the cyclin A promoter.	Alanine	13-20	high mobility group AT-hook 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
31623211-4	2019	In this study, the alanine scanning (Ala-scan) mutagenesis was applied in order to identify key residues of EI for binding with mouse alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR.	Alanine	19-26	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	158-163
17010377-6	2006	Furthermore, the double Asp-Thr-Gly-Ala amino acid sequence motif at the active site of HIV protease is found with identical geometry in the Ddi1 structure.	Alanine	36-39	Ddi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	141-145
16977317-6	2006	Modeling with F-actin predicts that the length of this WH2-containing arm is critical for severing function, and the addition of a single amino acid (alanine or histidine) eliminates CapG-sev severing activity, confirming this prediction.	Alanine	150-157	capping actin protein, gelsolin like	Homo sapiens	183-187
31623211-4	2019	In this study, the alanine scanning (Ala-scan) mutagenesis was applied in order to identify key residues of EI for binding with mouse alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR.	Alanine	37-40	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	158-163
16954348-5	2006	Tyrosine-to-alanine substitutions abolished beta1 integrin functions and led to a beta1 integrin-null phenotype in vivo.	Alanine	12-19	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	44-49
31623211-8	2019	Interestingly, replacing the critical serine (Ser) at position 13 with an alanine (Ala) residue resulted in a 2-fold increase in potency at the alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR, and showed loss of activity on alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChRs.	Alanine	74-81	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	168-173
16954348-5	2006	Tyrosine-to-alanine substitutions abolished beta1 integrin functions and led to a beta1 integrin-null phenotype in vivo.	Alanine	12-19	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	82-87
17030608-5	2006	Mutation of both serines to alanine uncouples BRF1 from PKB regulation, leading to constitutive mRNA decay even in the presence of stabilizing signals.	Alanine	28-35	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	56-59
31623211-8	2019	Interestingly, replacing the critical serine (Ser) at position 13 with an alanine (Ala) residue resulted in a 2-fold increase in potency at the alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR, and showed loss of activity on alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChRs.	Alanine	83-86	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	168-173
16982605-2	2006	We have analyzed the underlying biochemical mechanism by carrying out alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the PKR activation domain of PACT.	Alanine	70-77	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	106-109
31623211-12	2019	In this report, an Ala-scan mutagenesis strategy is presented to identify crucial residues that are significantly affecting potency of E1 for mouse alpha1beta1deltaepsilon nAChR.	Alanine	19-22	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	172-177
16966328-8	2006	However, the redox potentials of the FMN/FMNH* couple for alanine substitutions of both nNOS and eNOS are &gt;100 mV higher than those of wild type proteins and are positive.	Alanine	58-65	formin 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
31681359-9	2019	In comparison, AGT1 from humans and AGT1 from Anabaena lack these two residues and instead position a tyrosine ring into the binding site, which accounts for their preference for l-alanine instead of l-serine.	Alanine	179-188	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	15-19
16970908-6	2006	Mechanistic studies revealed that IRS-1 with Ala and Glu point mutations at Ser24 impaired phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding.	Alanine	45-48	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
31681359-9	2019	In comparison, AGT1 from humans and AGT1 from Anabaena lack these two residues and instead position a tyrosine ring into the binding site, which accounts for their preference for l-alanine instead of l-serine.	Alanine	179-188	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	36-40
16699824-1	2006	The proton coupled amino acid transporter PAT1 expressed in intestine, brain, and other organs accepts L- and D-proline, glycine, and L-alanine but also pharmaceutically active amino acid derivatives such as 3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline as substrates.	Alanine	134-143	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
31292211-7	2019	Using a cAMP biosensor, epac1-camps, we found that cAMP is decreased in the RIF and DVA interneurons by neuropeptidergic signaling from the ALA neuron.	Alanine	140-143	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	24-29
16884719-1	2006	We investigate the hypothesis that heparin activates antithrombin (AT) by relieving electrostatic strain within helix D. Mutation of residues K125 and R129 to either Ala or Glu abrogated heparin binding, but did not activate AT towards inhibition of factors IXa or Xa.	Alanine	166-169	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	53-65
30919765-11	2019	Furthermore, alanine scanning has led to the design of a novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitory peptide, AQSPA, with increased activities.	Alanine	13-20	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	63-80
16750171-5	2006	mPer1 S[714-726]A mutant, in which potential phosphorylation serine residues replaced by alanine residues, is rapidly phosphorylated compared with wild-type mPer1 by CK1epsilon.	Alanine	89-96	period circadian clock 1	Mus musculus	0-5
30992364-7	2019	Electrostatic and hydrophobic characteristics of histidine were both required for tau-microtubule binding, as substitutions with constitutively and positively charged nonaromatic lysine or uncharged alanine greatly reduced or abolished tau-microtubule binding.	Alanine	199-206	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	82-85
16830565-5	2006	Results indicate preliminary products of sonolysis of MCs are due to the hydroxyl radical attack on the benzene ring and diene of the Adda peptide residue and cleavage of the Mdha-Ala peptide bond.	Alanine	180-183	malate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
30992364-7	2019	Electrostatic and hydrophobic characteristics of histidine were both required for tau-microtubule binding, as substitutions with constitutively and positively charged nonaromatic lysine or uncharged alanine greatly reduced or abolished tau-microtubule binding.	Alanine	199-206	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	236-239
30926607-6	2019	Importantly, TAILS also identified proteolysis of the latent TGF-beta-binding proteins 3 and 4 (LTBP3/4) at a Glu-Val and Glu-Ala site, respectively.	Alanine	126-129	latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	96-103
16381800-4	2006	In contrast, replacing Ser with Ala [SREBP-1a(N)-S338A] increased transactivation.	Alanine	32-35	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
30837270-1	2019	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset, primarily autosomal dominant disease caused by a short GCN expansion in the PABPN1 (polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear 1) gene that results in an alanine expansion at the N terminus of the PABPN1 protein.	Alanine	208-215	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
16631259-0	2006	CD24 Ala/Val polymorphism and multiple sclerosis.	Alanine	5-8	CD24a antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
30837270-1	2019	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a late-onset, primarily autosomal dominant disease caused by a short GCN expansion in the PABPN1 (polyadenylate-binding protein nuclear 1) gene that results in an alanine expansion at the N terminus of the PABPN1 protein.	Alanine	208-215	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	143-182
30837270-2	2019	Expression of alanine-expanded PABPN1 is linked to the formation of nuclear aggregates in tissues from individuals with OPMD.	Alanine	14-21	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
16522638-6	2006	Specifically, Phe197 and Leu198 are critically involved in the interaction because a version of hSK1 incorporating mutations of both Phe197 --&gt; Ala and Leu198 --&gt; Gln failed to bind CaM.	Alanine	147-150	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
30837270-5	2019	Here, we present the first global proteomic analysis of the protein interactions of WT and alanine-expanded PABPN1 in skeletal muscle tissue.	Alanine	91-98	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
30837270-6	2019	These data provide both insight into the function of PABPN1 in muscle and evidence that the alanine expansion alters the protein-protein interactions of PABPN1.	Alanine	92-99	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	153-159
30837270-8	2019	The results from our study support a model where altered protein interactions with alanine-expanded PABPN1 that lead to loss or gain of function could contribute to pathology in OPMD.	Alanine	83-90	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	100-106
16413576-1	2006	The antigen-binding fragment Fab-YADS2 recognizes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and was derived from a library with chemical diversity restricted to only four amino acids (Tyr, Ser, Ala and Asp).	Alanine	194-197	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	29-32
30814254-7	2019	Further, we solved the crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 FSD to 1.39 A resolution and identified surface-exposed residues that, when substituted with alanine, reduce antagonism of GDF8 in full-length WFIKKN2.	Alanine	149-156	WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2	Mus musculus	48-55
16379012-3	2006	We investigated the effect of an alanine to glycine substitution found in the NEMO polypeptide of an EDA-ID patient.	Alanine	33-40	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	78-82
30814254-7	2019	Further, we solved the crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 FSD to 1.39 A resolution and identified surface-exposed residues that, when substituted with alanine, reduce antagonism of GDF8 in full-length WFIKKN2.	Alanine	149-156	myostatin	Mus musculus	179-183
16446155-4	2006	Alanine-substitution of HERG"s canonical determinants of blockade revealed that Y652 was not important as a molecular determinant of blockade, and that mutation of F656 resulted in only weak attenuation of inhibition.	Alanine	0-7	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
30814254-7	2019	Further, we solved the crystal structure of the WFIKKN2 FSD to 1.39 A resolution and identified surface-exposed residues that, when substituted with alanine, reduce antagonism of GDF8 in full-length WFIKKN2.	Alanine	149-156	WAP, follistatin/kazal, immunoglobulin, kunitz and netrin domain containing 2	Mus musculus	199-206
30962349-4	2019	Mutation of this site to an alanine residue or inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway decreases HIF-2 transcriptional activity and causes HIF-2alpha to mislocalize to the cytoplasm without changing its protein expression levels.	Alanine	28-35	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-142
16455297-2	2006	Recent heat capacity and Pulsed-EPR measurements support presence of thermally activated dynamic orientational disorder in the L-alanine lattice below 20 K. In the present study, the additional evidence for possible thermally activated disordered behavior of L-alanine lattice have been obtained by investigating dependences of longitudinal relaxation time of first stable L-alanine radical, SAR1, on sample cooling rates for the same low temperature interval.	Alanine	127-136	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	392-396
16455297-2	2006	Recent heat capacity and Pulsed-EPR measurements support presence of thermally activated dynamic orientational disorder in the L-alanine lattice below 20 K. In the present study, the additional evidence for possible thermally activated disordered behavior of L-alanine lattice have been obtained by investigating dependences of longitudinal relaxation time of first stable L-alanine radical, SAR1, on sample cooling rates for the same low temperature interval.	Alanine	259-268	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	392-396
16455297-2	2006	Recent heat capacity and Pulsed-EPR measurements support presence of thermally activated dynamic orientational disorder in the L-alanine lattice below 20 K. In the present study, the additional evidence for possible thermally activated disordered behavior of L-alanine lattice have been obtained by investigating dependences of longitudinal relaxation time of first stable L-alanine radical, SAR1, on sample cooling rates for the same low temperature interval.	Alanine	259-268	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	392-396
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	44-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	77-99
30444039-9	2019	The mutation of four cationic amino acids to Ala in the 56-RRNHAR-61 domain in SphK1 reduced the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and C1P-induced translocation of SphK1 to the PM, however, the capacity of C1P to bind with and activate SphK1 was not affected by this mutation.	Alanine	45-48	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	44-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	253-256	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	77-99
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	253-256	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	253-256	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	77-99
16500365-1	2006	Genotyping analysis was performed for Gly146Ala polymorphism in the gene for steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), which is known to reduce the transactivation function by approximately 20%, in 72 cryptorchid patients and 136 control males, revealing that the Ala allele, the Ala/Gly genotype, and the Ala/Ala plus Ala/Gly genotype frequencies were significantly higher in the patients than in the control males.	Alanine	253-256	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
30444039-9	2019	The mutation of four cationic amino acids to Ala in the 56-RRNHAR-61 domain in SphK1 reduced the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and C1P-induced translocation of SphK1 to the PM, however, the capacity of C1P to bind with and activate SphK1 was not affected by this mutation.	Alanine	45-48	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
30444039-9	2019	The mutation of four cationic amino acids to Ala in the 56-RRNHAR-61 domain in SphK1 reduced the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and C1P-induced translocation of SphK1 to the PM, however, the capacity of C1P to bind with and activate SphK1 was not affected by this mutation.	Alanine	45-48	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
16428247-3	2006	To understand the structural requirements for the kinase-CPD domain, we performed an alanine scan of 30 amino acids that are conserved in Trl1 homologs from other fungi.	Alanine	85-92	tRNA ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	138-142
30701970-5	2019	When substituting either or both of these aromatic residues at the decamer-building interface with either alanine or leucine, we found that the Tsa1 decamer is destabilized, favoring dimeric species instead.	Alanine	106-113	thioredoxin peroxidase TSA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	144-148
16362041-4	2006	Mutation of this serine to an alanine severely impaired MEKK2/3 activation.	Alanine	30-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2	Homo sapiens	56-61
30677595-9	2019	PA and SCNT embryos from the 0.363 mM alanine-treated group of MII oocytes showed significantly higher transcript levels of POU5F1 and FGFR2, which are associated with oocyte quality and embryonic development, than the untreated group.	Alanine	38-45	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1	Sus scrofa	124-130
16954604-4	2006	This generates a peptide of 25 amino acids, which we have termed alarin because of the N-terminal alanine and the C-terminal serine.	Alanine	98-105	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	65-71
30677595-9	2019	PA and SCNT embryos from the 0.363 mM alanine-treated group of MII oocytes showed significantly higher transcript levels of POU5F1 and FGFR2, which are associated with oocyte quality and embryonic development, than the untreated group.	Alanine	38-45	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Sus scrofa	135-140
30677595-10	2019	Our results suggest that treatment of pig oocytes with 0.363 mM alanine during IVM improves embryonic developmental competence after PA and SCNT by increasing intraoocyte GSH content and increasing the mRNA expression of POU5F1 and FGFR2.	Alanine	64-71	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1	Sus scrofa	221-227
30677595-10	2019	Our results suggest that treatment of pig oocytes with 0.363 mM alanine during IVM improves embryonic developmental competence after PA and SCNT by increasing intraoocyte GSH content and increasing the mRNA expression of POU5F1 and FGFR2.	Alanine	64-71	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Sus scrofa	232-237
30509486-7	2019	Moreover, alanine scanning mutagenesis identified the R90 and E114 residues of KMRC011 as a TLR5 activation hotspot.	Alanine	10-17	toll like receptor 5	Homo sapiens	92-96
16405845-12	2005	CONCLUSION: CTLA-4 gene exon 1 A49--&gt;G substitution is associated with an increased IDC genetic susceptibility, which implicates that the CTLA-4 gene may have a significant role in IDC, possibly via a Thr--&gt;Ala change in CTLA-4 signal peptide, with a result of functional change of sCTLA-4.	Alanine	213-216	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
16405845-12	2005	CONCLUSION: CTLA-4 gene exon 1 A49--&gt;G substitution is associated with an increased IDC genetic susceptibility, which implicates that the CTLA-4 gene may have a significant role in IDC, possibly via a Thr--&gt;Ala change in CTLA-4 signal peptide, with a result of functional change of sCTLA-4.	Alanine	213-216	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	141-147
16405845-12	2005	CONCLUSION: CTLA-4 gene exon 1 A49--&gt;G substitution is associated with an increased IDC genetic susceptibility, which implicates that the CTLA-4 gene may have a significant role in IDC, possibly via a Thr--&gt;Ala change in CTLA-4 signal peptide, with a result of functional change of sCTLA-4.	Alanine	213-216	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	141-147
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Alanine	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
16243355-5	2005	A total of 16 GABPbeta interface residues were chosen for alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	58-65	GA binding protein transcription factor subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-22
16847435-3	2006	KEY RESULTS: VIP, PACAP 38, PACAP 27 and [Ala(11,22,28)]-VIP produced similar relaxations.	Alanine	42-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	57-60
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Alanine	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31353333-3	2019	On page 126, on the bottom line of the left column, the sentence opening "Conversion of these two conserved basic amino acids in either Mcm4, 6 or 7 in S. cerevisiae to aspartic acid did not affect cell growth," should be changed to "Conversion of these two conserved basic amino acids in either Mcm4, 6 or 7 in S. cerevisiae to alanine did not affect cell growth,".	Alanine	329-336	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	136-140
16847679-6	2006	We infused the agonist, [D: -Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Glycinol(5)]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), 1 week after beta-FNA to probe the acute effects of exogenous stimulation of MORs on palatable food intake.	Alanine	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
16239724-1	2005	Porcine insulin differs in sequence from bovine insulin at residues A8 (Thr in porcine--&gt;Ala in bovine) and A10 (Ile in porcine--&gt;Val in bovine).	Alanine	92-95	insulin	Bos taurus	8-15
31353333-3	2019	On page 126, on the bottom line of the left column, the sentence opening "Conversion of these two conserved basic amino acids in either Mcm4, 6 or 7 in S. cerevisiae to aspartic acid did not affect cell growth," should be changed to "Conversion of these two conserved basic amino acids in either Mcm4, 6 or 7 in S. cerevisiae to alanine did not affect cell growth,".	Alanine	329-336	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	296-300
16913724-2	2006	DPP IV has high substrate selectivity for peptides with a proline (or an alanine) at the penultimate amino acid position at the N-terminus but tolerates a wide range of natural amino acids at the amino terminal end.	Alanine	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
31353333-6	2019	should be changed to "Two conserved basic amino acids in the amino-terminal region of Mcm4, 6 and 7 proteins were mutated to alanine in S. cerevisiae (Froelich et al., 2014); the suffix D indicates double-alanine mutation".	Alanine	125-132	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
21638613-0	2005	Poem: A is for alanine.	Alanine	15-22	nephronectin	Homo sapiens	0-4
31353333-6	2019	should be changed to "Two conserved basic amino acids in the amino-terminal region of Mcm4, 6 and 7 proteins were mutated to alanine in S. cerevisiae (Froelich et al., 2014); the suffix D indicates double-alanine mutation".	Alanine	205-212	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
30552140-5	2018	To discover the ubiquitination site(s) of PEPCK1, which is currently unknown, the Lys residues of PEPCK1 were mutated to Ala and the ubiquitination level of the PEPCK1 mutants was assessed.	Alanine	121-124	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
16227609-6	2005	Serine 367 (S367) is located within the putative binding sequence for 14-3-3, and its substitution with alanine (S367A) abolishes binding of Mdmx to 14-3-3.	Alanine	104-111	MDM4 regulator of p53	Homo sapiens	141-145
16818723-3	2006	This led us to generate mice that overexpress K8 S73-to-Ala (S73A), which mimicked the susceptibility of K8 G61C mice to injury, thereby providing a molecular link between K8 phosphorylation and disease-associated mutation.	Alanine	56-59	keratin 8	Mus musculus	46-48
16861895-7	2006	Moreover, replacing with alanines the Sae2 serine and threonine residues belonging to Mec1/Tel1-dependent putative phosphorylation sites impairs not only Sae2 phosphorylation during meiosis, but also meiotic DSB repair.	Alanine	25-33	DNA-binding protein kinase TEL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	91-95
30552140-5	2018	To discover the ubiquitination site(s) of PEPCK1, which is currently unknown, the Lys residues of PEPCK1 were mutated to Ala and the ubiquitination level of the PEPCK1 mutants was assessed.	Alanine	121-124	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-104
30552140-5	2018	To discover the ubiquitination site(s) of PEPCK1, which is currently unknown, the Lys residues of PEPCK1 were mutated to Ala and the ubiquitination level of the PEPCK1 mutants was assessed.	Alanine	121-124	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-104
16229490-6	2005	We circumvented this problem by using a mutant of P-gp in which all naturally occurring cysteines were substituted for alanines.	Alanine	119-127	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	50-54
29920743-4	2018	Here, Trp390 residue within WXXW motif was substituted with Ala to generate Trp390Ala (W390A) mutant ADAMTS13.	Alanine	60-63	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13	Homo sapiens	101-109
15952938-8	2005	Alanine mutagenesis of LEPR"s IGD (amino acids 325-328) drastically reduced its biological but not binding activity, indicating the importance of this region for interaction with leptin"s site III.	Alanine	0-7	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	23-27
15952938-8	2005	Alanine mutagenesis of LEPR"s IGD (amino acids 325-328) drastically reduced its biological but not binding activity, indicating the importance of this region for interaction with leptin"s site III.	Alanine	0-7	leptin	Homo sapiens	179-185
16785532-6	2006	Binding by rituximab and mouse CD20 mAb, had an absolute requirement for alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172, respectively, within the large extracellular loop of CD20.	Alanine	73-80	membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	31-35
16785532-6	2006	Binding by rituximab and mouse CD20 mAb, had an absolute requirement for alanine and proline at positions 170 and 172, respectively, within the large extracellular loop of CD20.	Alanine	73-80	membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	172-176
30189200-5	2018	The PRK2 peptide resides in the canonical PDZ3 binding cleft in an elongated manner and the amino acid side chains in position P0 and P-2, cysteine and aspartate, of the ligand face the groove between EB-strand and DB-helix, whereas the PRK2 side chains of tryptophan and alanine located in position P-1 and P-3 point away from the binding cleft.	Alanine	272-279	protein kinase N2	Mus musculus	4-8
17081365-9	2006	The other missense mutation was a C--&gt;T transition in the second nucleotide of codon 1649 in SCN5A gene exon 28, which was predicted to result in substitution of Alanine with Valine (A1649V).	Alanine	165-172	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	96-101
16162701-8	2005	RESULTS: All of the participants were homozygous at the GSTP1 Ala-114 locus.	Alanine	62-65	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
26641903-4	2005	In this work, the chemical performance of RI-TRIM MP2 is numerically assessed against untruncated RI-MP2 and DFT (B3LYP) in determining the relative energies of 27 different alanine tetrapeptide conformations at the cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, and Q) levels and the results are T   Q extrapolated to the complete basis set limit.	Alanine	174-181	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
26641903-4	2005	In this work, the chemical performance of RI-TRIM MP2 is numerically assessed against untruncated RI-MP2 and DFT (B3LYP) in determining the relative energies of 27 different alanine tetrapeptide conformations at the cc-pVXZ (X = D, T, and Q) levels and the results are T   Q extrapolated to the complete basis set limit.	Alanine	174-181	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
16631789-4	2006	In order to define the functional basis of this critical biological interaction, we performed alanine mutagenesis of structurally determined solvent-exposed loop residues of the IGF-II-binding site of human domain 11, expressed these mutant forms in Pichia pastoris, and determined binding kinetics with human IGF-II using isothermal calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance with transition state thermodynamics.	Alanine	94-101	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	178-184
30143535-8	2018	Substitution of the essential tyrosine residues of the potential cholesterol-binding motifs to alanine increased the levels of endogenous APP C-terminal fragments, reflecting enhanced RHBDL4 activity.	Alanine	95-102	rhomboid domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	184-190
16180511-3	2005	In this report, we examined the polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene in people at high and low altitudes in Bolivia, and found a significant difference in the frequency of Ala carriers (Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) between 153 native high-altitude Bolivian subjects (64.1%) and 288 low-altitude Bolivian subjects (37.9%).	Alanine	173-176	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-56
29570813-2	2018	Polymorphisms in TAS2R38 generate two common haplotypes: the nonfunctional AVI (Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine) and the functional PAV (Proline, Alanine, Valine) alleles, with the latter protecting against gram-negative sinonasal infections.	Alanine	80-87	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	17-24
16127378-12	2005	Modification of multiple thiols results in inactivation but mutation of a single thiol, cysteine 374 in MAO A to alanine, decreased the catalytic potency (kcat/Km) by 30%.	Alanine	113-120	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	104-109
16101680-5	2005	Using an established cell- culture model, we show that most mutant PABPN1- positive (alanine expanded form) intranuclear aggregates are structures distinct from intranuclear speckles.	Alanine	85-92	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
16460309-5	2006	The present analysis using alanine-scanning mutagenesis identifies Pro152, Pro156 and Arg158 in the p22phox PRR as residues indispensable for the interaction with p47phox.	Alanine	27-34	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Homo sapiens	100-107
16546209-6	2006	An 18 residue Ala-scan was used to characterize the binding energy epitope for the site 1 interface of hPL.	Alanine	14-17	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	103-106
29570813-2	2018	Polymorphisms in TAS2R38 generate two common haplotypes: the nonfunctional AVI (Alanine, Valine, Isoleucine) and the functional PAV (Proline, Alanine, Valine) alleles, with the latter protecting against gram-negative sinonasal infections.	Alanine	142-149	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	17-24
16546209-11	2006	Additionally, the overall magnitudes of the DeltaDeltaG changes observed from the Ala-scan of hPL were markedly larger than those determined in the comparative scan of hGH to the hPRLR ECD1.	Alanine	82-85	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
30233315-0	2018	Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the C-Terminal Cytosolic End of Gpm6a Identifies Key Residues Essential for the Formation of Filopodia.	Alanine	0-7	glycoprotein m6a	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
16671952-2	2006	HLA typing was performed by different molecular biology techniques, and the results showed that the HLA-DRB5*0113 allele differs from HLA-DRB5*010101 allele for three nucleotide substitutions at codons 57 (GAC--&gt;GAT; Asp) and 58 (GCT--&gt;GAG; Ala--&gt;Glu) of exon 2.	Alanine	247-250	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5	Homo sapiens	100-108
16671952-2	2006	HLA typing was performed by different molecular biology techniques, and the results showed that the HLA-DRB5*0113 allele differs from HLA-DRB5*010101 allele for three nucleotide substitutions at codons 57 (GAC--&gt;GAT; Asp) and 58 (GCT--&gt;GAG; Ala--&gt;Glu) of exon 2.	Alanine	247-250	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 5	Homo sapiens	134-142
15929988-6	2005	Processing by cathepsin K occurred sequentially by an initial excision of the loop peptide Gly(143)-Gly(160) followed by the removal of a Val(161)-Ala(162) dipeptide at the N terminus of the C-terminal 16-kDa TRAP subunit.	Alanine	147-150	cathepsin K	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
30233315-9	2018	Next, using comprehensive alanine scanning mutagenesis of the C-terminus we identify K250, K255, and E258 as the key residues for the formation of filopodia by Gpm6a.	Alanine	26-33	glycoprotein m6a	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
30233315-10	2018	Substitution of these charged residues with alanine also diminishes the amount of Gpm6a on cell surface and in case of K255 and E258 leads to the lower amount of total expressed protein.	Alanine	44-51	glycoprotein m6a	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
15950946-3	2005	A MORi3 peptide with a Lys &gt; Ala substitution--shown to reduce CaM-binding of intact MOR--bound fivefold less avidly than the wild-type peptide.	Alanine	32-35	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	2-5
29936635-6	2018	Compared with the wild type, overexpression of TaHMA2 and the TaHMA2 derivative (glutamic substituted for alanine from CCxxE) in Arabidopsis increased root length, fresh weight and enhanced Zn2+/Cd2+ root-to-shoot translocation.	Alanine	106-113	cadmium/zinc-transporting ATPase HMA2	Triticum aestivum	47-53
16382448-9	2006	The putative CT47 protein consists of 288 amino acid residues, with a C-terminus rich in alanine and glutamic acid.	Alanine	89-96	cancer/testis antigen family 47 member A10	Homo sapiens	13-17
29936635-6	2018	Compared with the wild type, overexpression of TaHMA2 and the TaHMA2 derivative (glutamic substituted for alanine from CCxxE) in Arabidopsis increased root length, fresh weight and enhanced Zn2+/Cd2+ root-to-shoot translocation.	Alanine	106-113	cadmium/zinc-transporting ATPase HMA2	Triticum aestivum	62-68
16050745-5	2005	MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ predicts that the intramolecular seven-membered ring N-H...O=C hydrogen-bonding strength has a value of 5.54 kcal/mol in glycine dipeptide and 5.73 and 5.19 kcal/mol in alanine dipeptides, while the steric repulsive interactions of the seven-membered ring conformers are 4.13 kcal/mol in glycine dipeptide and 6.62 and 3.71 kcal/mol in alanine dipeptides.	Alanine	185-192	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
29871943-5	2018	Alanine scanning of the putative transmembrane domain 1 of OATP2B1 revealed that substitution of L58 with alanine dramatically altered the Km value, and mutation of V52, H55, Q59, and L69 resulted in significantly reduced substrate turnover number, whereas A61V, Q62A, and S66A exhibited significant change in both Km and Vmax values.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	59-66
16050745-5	2005	MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ predicts that the intramolecular seven-membered ring N-H...O=C hydrogen-bonding strength has a value of 5.54 kcal/mol in glycine dipeptide and 5.73 and 5.19 kcal/mol in alanine dipeptides, while the steric repulsive interactions of the seven-membered ring conformers are 4.13 kcal/mol in glycine dipeptide and 6.62 and 3.71 kcal/mol in alanine dipeptides.	Alanine	352-359	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
15963850-10	2005	Mutation of this residue to alanine rendered p27 insensitive to degradation.	Alanine	28-35	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	45-48
15961277-1	2006	We previously demonstrated that the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor mutant, in which the F(x)6IL motif in the membrane-proximal carboxyl terminus were mutated to alanines (alpha2B-ARm), is deficient in export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).	Alanine	158-166	adrenoceptor alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	36-63
15961277-1	2006	We previously demonstrated that the alpha2B-adrenergic receptor mutant, in which the F(x)6IL motif in the membrane-proximal carboxyl terminus were mutated to alanines (alpha2B-ARm), is deficient in export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).	Alanine	158-166	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b	Mus musculus	36-43
16008566-6	2005	In K562 erythroleukemic cells, alanine at position 17 in H1.2 was replaced by valine, and, in Raji B lymphoblastoid cells, lysine at position 173 in H1.4 was replaced by arginine.	Alanine	31-38	H1.2 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	57-61
29871943-5	2018	Alanine scanning of the putative transmembrane domain 1 of OATP2B1 revealed that substitution of L58 with alanine dramatically altered the Km value, and mutation of V52, H55, Q59, and L69 resulted in significantly reduced substrate turnover number, whereas A61V, Q62A, and S66A exhibited significant change in both Km and Vmax values.	Alanine	106-113	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	59-66
29871943-6	2018	In addition, phenylalanine at position 51 seems to play an important role in maintaining proper folding of OATP2B1 because alanine replacement of F51 caused accelerated degradation of the transporter protein.	Alanine	19-26	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	107-114
30027111-7	2018	We also show that mutation of another ACR (Cys to Ala at the same position) with a greatly extended lifetime of the channel open state acts as a bistable photochromic tool in mammalian neurons.	Alanine	50-53	acrosin	Homo sapiens	38-41
15925329-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves the two N-terminal amino acids from peptides with a proline or alanine residue in the second position from the amino end.	Alanine	147-154	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-23
15925329-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound enzyme that cleaves the two N-terminal amino acids from peptides with a proline or alanine residue in the second position from the amino end.	Alanine	147-154	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	25-31
15849356-9	2005	Mutations of Asp94 and Asp97 within the beta5/beta6 hairpin to Ala significantly reduced the affinity of tissue transglutaminase for fibronectin, indicating that these residues are critical for fibronectin binding.	Alanine	63-66	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-51
16450396-4	2006	1G5z is composed of three major domains: (1) an N-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain, (2) a central calmodulin-binding domain, and (3) a C-terminal alanine-rich domain, the 1G5z-specific domain.	Alanine	153-160	CaM kinase like vesicle associated	Homo sapiens	0-4
29845260-7	2018	Following gene sequencing, two novel heterozygous mutations of the FBN-1 gene were identified: c.3442C&gt;G in exon 27, proline replaced with alanine (p. Pro1148Ala) and c.6388G&gt;A in exon 52, glutamic acid replaced with lysine (p. Glu2130Lys).	Alanine	142-149	fibrillin 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
16380130-0	2006	Alanine scanning of MS2 coat protein reveals protein-phosphate contacts involved in thermodynamic hot spots.	Alanine	0-7	MS2	Homo sapiens	20-23
15944403-8	2005	We have used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to screen upstream and downstream regions flanking Q(1098) and identified a putative motif, F(1093)-x-F(1095)-x-x-x-F(1099) that is likely to be implicated in sensing the folding and subsequent trafficking of SI from the ER to the Golgi.	Alanine	13-20	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	251-253
15944403-9	2005	The characteristics of this motif are three phenylalanine residues that upon substitution by alanine generate the temperature-sensitive SI(Q1098P) phenotype.	Alanine	50-57	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	136-138
29443553-6	2018	We show that cells treated with the pharmacological GBF1 inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) and expressing a BFA-resistant GBF1 variant with alanine substitutions of RDR1168 or LF1266 are compromised in Golgi homeostasis, impaired in ARF activation, unable to sustain secretion, and defective in maintaining cellular viability.	Alanine	134-141	golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Danio rerio	116-120
15805167-2	2005	We substituted residue S1759 (serine), a putative D4S6 gating hinge of human cardiac hNav1.5 Na(+) channels with A (alanine), D (aspartate), K (lysine), L (leucine), P (proline), and W (tryptophan).	Alanine	116-123	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	85-92
16421932-8	2006	The S247A (Ser --&gt; Ala) mutation confers decreased transcriptional activity on a Runx2-responsive promoter after FGF treatment.	Alanine	22-25	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	84-89
16182535-6	2006	Mutation of residues 846 and 883 to alanine and glycine, respectively, conferred novel inhibitor sensitivity onto PTPH1.	Alanine	36-43	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	114-119
29516315-7	2018	Alanine substitution in this region of hPIV3 HN had various effects on cell fusion promotion, receptor binding, and neuraminidase activity.	Alanine	0-7	hemagglutinin-neuraminidase	Human respirovirus 3	45-47
16154612-9	2005	In contrast, the nonphosphorylation-mimicking alanine mutants of p33 bound to viral RNA as efficiently as the nonphosphorylated wild type p33 did.	Alanine	46-53	inhibitor of growth family member 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
29849110-3	2018	In this research we report a FRalpha binding peptide C7(Met-His-Thr-Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp-Gly-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Ser) discovered by phage display and this peptide showed specific binding to FRalpha expressing cells by cell ELISA and flow cytometry.	Alanine	68-71	FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	29-36
16336268-7	2005	To test if this T-loop is engaged in TSSK3 regulation, we mutated the critical threonine residue within the T-loop to alanine (T168A) which resulted in inactivation of TSSK3 kinase.	Alanine	118-125	testis specific serine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	37-42
16336268-7	2005	To test if this T-loop is engaged in TSSK3 regulation, we mutated the critical threonine residue within the T-loop to alanine (T168A) which resulted in inactivation of TSSK3 kinase.	Alanine	118-125	testis specific serine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
29849110-3	2018	In this research we report a FRalpha binding peptide C7(Met-His-Thr-Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp-Gly-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Ser) discovered by phage display and this peptide showed specific binding to FRalpha expressing cells by cell ELISA and flow cytometry.	Alanine	68-71	FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	177-184
30277097-0	2018	A Novel beta-Globin Gene Mutation: Hb Shenzhen [beta90(F6)Glu Ala, HBB: c.272A&gt;C].	Alanine	62-65	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	8-19
16270034-6	2005	Finally, introduction of ectopic wild-type vimentin is shown to promote cell motility in a PKCepsilon-dependent manner; alanine substitutions in PKC (controlled) sites on vimentin abolishes the ability of vimentin to induce cell migration, whereas the substitution of these sites with acidic residues enables vimentin to rescue motility of PKCepsilon null cells.	Alanine	120-127	vimentin	Homo sapiens	43-51
16270034-6	2005	Finally, introduction of ectopic wild-type vimentin is shown to promote cell motility in a PKCepsilon-dependent manner; alanine substitutions in PKC (controlled) sites on vimentin abolishes the ability of vimentin to induce cell migration, whereas the substitution of these sites with acidic residues enables vimentin to rescue motility of PKCepsilon null cells.	Alanine	120-127	vimentin	Homo sapiens	171-179
30277097-1	2018	We report a novel beta-globin chain variant, Hb Shenzhen [beta90(F6)Glu Ala, HBB: c.272A&gt;C], in a 52-year-old Chinese individual.	Alanine	72-75	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	18-29
16270034-6	2005	Finally, introduction of ectopic wild-type vimentin is shown to promote cell motility in a PKCepsilon-dependent manner; alanine substitutions in PKC (controlled) sites on vimentin abolishes the ability of vimentin to induce cell migration, whereas the substitution of these sites with acidic residues enables vimentin to rescue motility of PKCepsilon null cells.	Alanine	120-127	vimentin	Homo sapiens	171-179
16270034-6	2005	Finally, introduction of ectopic wild-type vimentin is shown to promote cell motility in a PKCepsilon-dependent manner; alanine substitutions in PKC (controlled) sites on vimentin abolishes the ability of vimentin to induce cell migration, whereas the substitution of these sites with acidic residues enables vimentin to rescue motility of PKCepsilon null cells.	Alanine	120-127	vimentin	Homo sapiens	171-179
16270034-6	2005	Finally, introduction of ectopic wild-type vimentin is shown to promote cell motility in a PKCepsilon-dependent manner; alanine substitutions in PKC (controlled) sites on vimentin abolishes the ability of vimentin to induce cell migration, whereas the substitution of these sites with acidic residues enables vimentin to rescue motility of PKCepsilon null cells.	Alanine	120-127	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	340-350
30277097-3	2018	Sanger sequencing revealed a novel base mutation on the beta-globin gene, HBB: c.272A&gt;C, that resulted in a transition of glutamic acid to alanine at exon 2 of the beta-globin gene.	Alanine	142-149	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	56-67
30277097-3	2018	Sanger sequencing revealed a novel base mutation on the beta-globin gene, HBB: c.272A&gt;C, that resulted in a transition of glutamic acid to alanine at exon 2 of the beta-globin gene.	Alanine	142-149	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	74-77
30277097-3	2018	Sanger sequencing revealed a novel base mutation on the beta-globin gene, HBB: c.272A&gt;C, that resulted in a transition of glutamic acid to alanine at exon 2 of the beta-globin gene.	Alanine	142-149	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	167-178
29486167-6	2018	Moreover, NTG incubation caused a robust Ca2+ influx in cultured brainstem neurons, which was dramatically inhibited by GluA1 S831A (serine at the 831 site of GluA1 is mutated to alanine) phospho-deficient mutation, and treatment with 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor channel blocker, dose-dependently blocked the NTG-evoked increase of Ca2+ influx in the cultured neurons.	Alanine	179-186	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
16114037-1	2005	Expansion to a total of 11-17 sequential alanine residues from the normal number of 10 in the polyadenine-binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) results in formation of intranuclear, fibrillar inclusions in skeletal muscle and hypothalamic neurons in adult-onset, dominantly inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	41-48	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	94-131
16114037-1	2005	Expansion to a total of 11-17 sequential alanine residues from the normal number of 10 in the polyadenine-binding protein nuclear-1 (PABPN1) results in formation of intranuclear, fibrillar inclusions in skeletal muscle and hypothalamic neurons in adult-onset, dominantly inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	41-48	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	133-139
29486167-6	2018	Moreover, NTG incubation caused a robust Ca2+ influx in cultured brainstem neurons, which was dramatically inhibited by GluA1 S831A (serine at the 831 site of GluA1 is mutated to alanine) phospho-deficient mutation, and treatment with 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptor channel blocker, dose-dependently blocked the NTG-evoked increase of Ca2+ influx in the cultured neurons.	Alanine	179-186	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
16129678-5	2005	Unexpectedly, after acute insulin stimulation, we observed that phosphorylation of Ser(318) is not inhibitory but rather enhances insulin signal transduction because introduction of Ala(318) led to a reduction of the insulin-stimulated Akt/protein kinase B phosphorylation.	Alanine	182-185	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	240-256
29684069-6	2018	The substitution of these autophosphorylation sites with Ala enhances the NtCDPK1 overexpression-induced sensitization of seeds to a GA biosynthetic inhibitor during germination.	Alanine	57-60	calcium-dependent protein kinase 21-like	Nicotiana tabacum	74-81
16187100-2	2005	The aim of this work was to establish whether the cellular signals triggered by amino acids modify the expression of the UGA4 gene which encodes the delta-aminolevulinic (ALA) and gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) acids permease.	Alanine	171-174	Uga4p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	121-125
29339412-8	2018	Introducing a single alanine mutation in EpCAM at Tyr251 attenuated its binding to AGR2 in vitro and in cells.	Alanine	21-28	anterior gradient 2, protein disulphide isomerase family member	Homo sapiens	83-87
16200502-10	2005	Alanine substitutions introduced into the HPD of Cln3 and Cln2 show functional defects while maintaining physical interaction with Cdc28 as measured by co-immunoprecipitation assay.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-136
16012174-7	2005	The conserved 17LKKTET(22 motif region of TB10 was tested by Ala and Ser scanning mutagenesis using computational and biochemical methods, and 12 mutants were transfected into cancer cell lines and tested for their effects on growth arrest.	Alanine	61-64	thymosin beta 10	Homo sapiens	42-46
29203283-4	2018	METHODS: Molecular modeling methods including molecular dynamics simulation, per-residue free energy decomposition, virtual alanine scanning mutagenesis and residue-residue contact analysis were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the interactions between PD-L1 and different protein ligands.	Alanine	124-131	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	269-274
16511201-1	2005	The product of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene HLA-B*2704 differs from that of the prototypical subtype HLA-B*2705 by three amino acids at heavy-chain residues 77 (Ser instead of Asp), 152 (Glu instead of Val) and 211 (Gly instead of Ala).	Alanine	241-244	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	54-59
29203283-5	2018	RESULTS: The results of virtual alanine scanning mutagenesis suggest that Y56, Q66, M115, D122, Y123, R125 are the hotspot residues on PD-L1.	Alanine	32-39	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-140
28841377-7	2018	Additionally, we have designed three point mutations of alpha-synuclein for better understanding of the effects of substitutions on protein aggregation and demonstrated that substitution of alanine at the 18th position is highly sensitive compared to adjacent positions.	Alanine	190-197	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	56-71
16142216-6	2005	ASK 1(3M), an ASK 1 mutant in which all three lysines in the psiKXE motif were substituted with alanines, still retained the kinase activity and activated the Jun amino-terminal kinase pathway.	Alanine	96-104	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
16199882-6	2005	Ser675 was found to be a site for phosphorylation by PKA, and substitution of this serine residue with alanine in beta-catenin attenuated inhibition of the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by PKA, PKA-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, and PKA-dependent activation of Tcf.	Alanine	103-110	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	114-126
29237773-10	2018	Finally, alanine scanning of CDR1 and CDR2 sequences of TRBV4-1 revealed two unique residues, Arg30 and Tyr51, as critical in conferring CD1c-restricted autoreactivity, thus elucidating the molecular basis of the observed V gene bias.	Alanine	9-16	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
16199882-6	2005	Ser675 was found to be a site for phosphorylation by PKA, and substitution of this serine residue with alanine in beta-catenin attenuated inhibition of the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by PKA, PKA-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, and PKA-dependent activation of Tcf.	Alanine	103-110	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-186
16199882-6	2005	Ser675 was found to be a site for phosphorylation by PKA, and substitution of this serine residue with alanine in beta-catenin attenuated inhibition of the ubiquitination of beta-catenin by PKA, PKA-induced stabilization of beta-catenin, and PKA-dependent activation of Tcf.	Alanine	103-110	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-186
16061255-6	2005	Several residues defining the structural epitope of NgR involved in interaction with Nogo were subsequently confirmed by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	121-128	reticulon 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
29269391-4	2018	To finely map transcriptionally active regions of the protein, with respect to disease-causing variation, we performed a systematic alanine-scan mutagenesis of FoxP3, assessing mutational impacts on DNA binding and transcriptional activation or repression.	Alanine	132-139	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	160-165
16013252-3	2005	Flow cytometry combined with Annexin V-FITC/PI labeling was used to detect the pattern of K562 and HL60 cells" death induced by ALA-PDT.	Alanine	128-131	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	29-38
30103083-5	2018	RESULTS: A novel small in-frame mutation (c.4998_5000 del CAG, p.1667 del Ala) of the dystrophin gene was identified and co-segregated in the affected family members.	Alanine	74-77	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	86-96
15865443-8	2005	Point mutagenesis of T257, S262, and T267 to Ala residues indicated that these sites are targets of phosphorylation by p42(mapk/)(erk2).	Alanine	45-48	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	119-122
15998779-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that two homozygous missense LMNA mutations involving the arginine 527 and alanine 529 residues cause MAD with subtle variations in phenotype.	Alanine	100-107	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	54-58
16107707-9	2005	Mutation of these sites to alanine alleviates the cdk1-induced dissociation of Maskin from eIF4E.	Alanine	27-34	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	50-54
28874591-8	2017	The presence of low-activity CLPX increases the posttranslational stability of ALAS, causing increased ALAS protein and ALA levels, leading to abnormal accumulation of PPIX.	Alanine	79-82	caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X	Homo sapiens	29-33
16122427-6	2005	Replacement of bulky hydrophobic residues in the alpha helix with alanine yields Sar1p mutants that are unable to generate highly curved membranes and are defective in vesicle formation from native ER membranes despite normal recruitment of coat and cargo proteins.	Alanine	66-73	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	81-86
15574123-6	2005	The importance of these two residues in promoting filamin A binding to GPIbalpha in vivo was confirmed from the study of Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing GPIbalpha Trp570--&gt;Ala and Phe568--&gt;Ala substitutions.	Alanine	182-185	filamin-A	Cricetulus griseus	50-59
15574123-6	2005	The importance of these two residues in promoting filamin A binding to GPIbalpha in vivo was confirmed from the study of Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing GPIbalpha Trp570--&gt;Ala and Phe568--&gt;Ala substitutions.	Alanine	202-205	filamin-A	Cricetulus griseus	50-59
28659471-6	2017	Similarly, P192-5A and G214-3A mutants of nsp10 (with 5 and 3 alanine substitutions beginning at residues P192 and G214, respectively) abolish the nsp10-mediated induction of the CD83 promoter.	Alanine	62-69	CD83 molecule	Homo sapiens	179-183
15845467-6	2005	Mutant DPPIV with catalytic Ser mutagenized to Ala (DPPSA) did not accelerate the degradation of collagen and gelatin by MMPs but retained fibronectin-binding activity.	Alanine	47-50	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	7-12
16042408-7	2005	Mutation of T129 or S179 to alanine prevented heterodimerization of PPARalpha with RXRalpha, lowered the level of phosphorylation by PKCalpha and PKCdelta in vitro, and lowered the level of phosphorylation of transfected PPARalpha in transfected cells.	Alanine	28-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
16042408-7	2005	Mutation of T129 or S179 to alanine prevented heterodimerization of PPARalpha with RXRalpha, lowered the level of phosphorylation by PKCalpha and PKCdelta in vitro, and lowered the level of phosphorylation of transfected PPARalpha in transfected cells.	Alanine	28-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	221-230
28778955-8	2017	Phosphomimetics (amino acid substitutions that mimic a phosphorylated protein) of HDA6 resulted in increased enzymatic activity, whereas the mutation of S427 to alanine in HDA6 abolished its interaction with SUVH5 and SUVH6, suggesting that the phosphorylation of HDA6 is important for its activity and function.	Alanine	161-168	histone deacetylase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
15843493-2	2005	SLC38A3 is a sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter having substrate preference for l-glutamate, l-histidine, and l-alanine.	Alanine	121-130	solute carrier family 38, member 3	Mus musculus	0-7
16002700-6	2005	To determine the structural basis for 2B4/CD48 interaction, selected amino acid residues in the V domain of the human 2B4 (h2B4) were mutated to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	145-152	CD244 molecule	Homo sapiens	38-41
15866931-5	2005	Mutagenesis by alanine scan demonstrated that the motifs for primase and for nucleotide binding present in the protein are essential for RepA activity.	Alanine	15-22	RepA	Escherichia coli	137-141
28778955-8	2017	Phosphomimetics (amino acid substitutions that mimic a phosphorylated protein) of HDA6 resulted in increased enzymatic activity, whereas the mutation of S427 to alanine in HDA6 abolished its interaction with SUVH5 and SUVH6, suggesting that the phosphorylation of HDA6 is important for its activity and function.	Alanine	161-168	histone deacetylase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
16002700-6	2005	To determine the structural basis for 2B4/CD48 interaction, selected amino acid residues in the V domain of the human 2B4 (h2B4) were mutated to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	145-152	CD244 molecule	Homo sapiens	118-121
16002700-6	2005	To determine the structural basis for 2B4/CD48 interaction, selected amino acid residues in the V domain of the human 2B4 (h2B4) were mutated to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	145-152	CD244 molecule	Homo sapiens	123-127
28371186-2	2017	Large-scale CCSD(T), MP4-SDQ, MP2, and DFT(M06-2X) calculations for some hydrated complexes of alanine and dialanine (Ala 13 H2 O, Ala2 H+  18 H2 O, and Ala2  18 H2 O) are compared with experimental data and other elaborate modeling to assess the reliability of a simple bottom-up approach.	Alanine	95-102	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	111-114	CD244 molecule	Homo sapiens	126-130
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	111-114	CD244 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	122-125	CD244 molecule	Homo sapiens	126-130
16002700-9	2005	Binding of CD48-Fc fusion protein to RNK-16 cells stably transfected with wild-type and a double-mutant Lys(68)Ala-Glu(70)Ala h2B4 further demonstrated that Lys(68) and Glu(70) in the V domain of h2B4 are essential for 2B4/CD48 interaction.	Alanine	122-125	CD244 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
16014723-9	2005	The substitution of S553 with alanine within L1 of the Nav1.6 channel prevents p38-mediated reduction of Nav1.6 current density.	Alanine	30-37	neuron navigator 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
15827169-4	2005	Using the alanine scanning mutagenesis strategy, we demonstrated that the regions between aa 52 to 65 and 88 to 154 are important for the augmentation function of HBx in HBV replication.	Alanine	10-17	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	163-166
15823605-10	2005	Similarly, change of a serine to an alanine residue following the single consensus CK-II site of the CAM13 Vpu (SGNESDGGEEE) abolished CD4-down-regulation, suggesting that this serine was phosphorylated in the absence of a canonical CK-II site.	Alanine	36-43	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
15823605-10	2005	Similarly, change of a serine to an alanine residue following the single consensus CK-II site of the CAM13 Vpu (SGNESDGGEEE) abolished CD4-down-regulation, suggesting that this serine was phosphorylated in the absence of a canonical CK-II site.	Alanine	36-43	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	233-238
28558019-9	2017	We found that high levels of DEK significantly reprogrammed cellular metabolism and altered the abundances of amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and the glycolytic end products lactate, alanine and NAD+.	Alanine	188-195	DEK proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	29-32
15592804-3	2005	The second, a novel mutation in codon 641, changes alanine to serine in the transmembrane domain of the RET protein.	Alanine	51-58	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	104-107
15797719-3	2005	In glucose-stimulated INS-1 pancreatic beta cells, mutations of S259, S266, and S274 to alanines inhibited the ability of NeuroD to activate the insulin promoter.	Alanine	88-96	insulin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	145-152
28342900-6	2017	Co-transfection assays demonstrated formation of heteromeric CTP synthase filaments which is disrupted by protein carrying a mutated N-terminal alanine residue thus revealing a dominant-negative activity.	Alanine	144-151	CTP synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	61-73
15843893-4	2005	Alanine substitution of the N-terminal W in FRAP-4 resulted in complete loss of FasL-mimetic action of (FRAP-4)8-MAP, suggesting that the aromatic functionality at the N-terminal position W appears to play an essentially important role in Fas binding ability.	Alanine	0-7	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	80-84
15626706-5	2005	This change appears to be mediated by Cys-198 of CA since mutation to Ala renders CypA unable to induce this change and alters the kinetics and stability of protein cores that may ultimately result in inefficient disassembly of viral cores.	Alanine	70-73	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	82-86
15944382-3	2005	Here, we investigate the role of phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein in the formation of inclusions involving synphilin-1 and parkin using site-directed mutagenesis to change Ser-129 of alpha-synuclein to alanine (S129A) to abolish phosphorylation at this site.	Alanine	204-211	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	52-67
15923379-5	2005	Alanine scanning identified 23 new residues as essential for Trl1-(1-388) activity in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	tRNA ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
28289087-5	2017	Intriguingly, the mutation of the cysteine at position 101 to alanine (C101A mutation) resulted in a high-molecular-weight complex that was positive for MdbA and VKOR by immunoblotting and was absent in other alanine substitution mutants and the C93A C101A double mutation and after treatment with the reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol.	Alanine	62-69	putative DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	153-157
15769739-6	2005	Surprisingly, a double tyrosine to alanine mutant of Siglec-5 could still mediate strong inhibition of serotonin release in the absence of detectable tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas a double tyrosine to phenylalanine mutant lost all inhibitory activity.	Alanine	35-42	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	53-61
15769739-7	2005	In comparison, suppression of Siglec-5-dependent adhesion to red blood cells was reversed by either tyrosine to alanine or tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations of the membrane proximal tyrosine-based motif.	Alanine	112-119	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	30-38
15769739-8	2005	Using an in vitro phosphatase assay with synthetic and recombinant forms of the cytoplasmic tail, it was shown that a double alanine mutant of Siglec-5 had weak, but significant SHP-1 activating properties similar to those of wild type, non-phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail, whereas a double phenylalanine mutant was inactive.	Alanine	125-132	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 5	Homo sapiens	143-151
15542592-5	2005	Furthermore, we report the solution structure and alanine-scanning mutagenesis of TACI_d2 along with co-crystal structures of APRIL.TACI_d2 and APRIL.BCMA complexes that together reveal the mechanism by which TACI engages high affinity ligand binding through a single CRD, and we highlight sources of ligand-receptor specificity within the APRIL/BAFF system.	Alanine	50-57	TNF receptor superfamily member 13B	Homo sapiens	82-86
15678101-3	2005	GRASP65 is phosphorylated in its C-terminal domain at four consensus sites by Cdk1-cyclin B, and mutation of these residues to alanine essentially abolishes both mitotic phosphorylation and Plk1 binding.	Alanine	127-134	polo-like kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
28113050-5	2017	At the Leu1 position, only mutations with helix structure-promoting hydrophobic residues (Ala, Ile, Val or Phe) were able to yield the mature Ent53B derivative.	Alanine	90-93	CD5 molecule	Homo sapiens	7-11
15657432-5	2005	Mutation of these residues to alanines prevented efficient ubiquitination of RARalpha and increased the stability of the protein.	Alanine	30-38	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	77-85
15757906-3	2005	Co-expression of arpAT with the heavy subunits rBAT or 4F2hc elicited a sodium-independent alanine transport activity in HeLa cells.	Alanine	91-98	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
15977068-0	2005	GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) induces apoptosis by interacting with DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47).	Alanine	96-99	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	0-33
15977068-0	2005	GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) induces apoptosis by interacting with DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47).	Alanine	96-99	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	35-42
28302150-4	2017	RESULTS: Here, we carried out double-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the first 60 amino acids of Vif and determined their effects on interaction with CBFbeta and their ability to induce A3G degradation as well as rescue HIV-1 replication in the presence of A3G.	Alanine	37-44	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	150-157
15977068-0	2005	GABAA receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) induces apoptosis by interacting with DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47).	Alanine	96-99	DEAD-box helicase 47	Homo sapiens	129-135
15977068-4	2005	As a result, DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47), recently identified as RNA helicase, is identified as a binding partner of GABARAP.	Alanine	27-30	DEAD-box helicase 47	Homo sapiens	60-66
15977068-4	2005	As a result, DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 47 (DDX 47), recently identified as RNA helicase, is identified as a binding partner of GABARAP.	Alanine	27-30	GABA type A receptor-associated protein	Homo sapiens	144-151
15671563-1	2005	PURPOSE: The novel fusion protein, DAB389EGF, composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DAB389) fused with a His-Ala linker to human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was tested for antiglioma efficacy in an in vivo model of human glioma.	Alanine	144-147	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	164-187
15671563-1	2005	PURPOSE: The novel fusion protein, DAB389EGF, composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin (DAB389) fused with a His-Ala linker to human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was tested for antiglioma efficacy in an in vivo model of human glioma.	Alanine	144-147	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
15717845-9	2005	These results demonstrate that leptin secretion induced by glucose, alanine and leucine is profoundly attenuated by cAMP in PKA-dependent manner.	Alanine	68-75	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
28302150-6	2017	A minimum of three alanine substitutions are required to completely abrogate the Vif-CBFbeta interaction and Vif"s ability to rescue HIV-1 infectivity in the presence of A3G.	Alanine	19-26	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	85-92
15516986-9	2004	We also show that: (1) RA-activated PKC-delta phosphorylates IRS-1 in vitro, (2) PKC-delta and IRS-1 interact in RA-treated cells, and (3) mutation of three PKC-delta serine sites in IRS-1 to alanines results in no RA-induced in vitro phosphorylation of IRS-1.	Alanine	192-200	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
28357388-5	2017	The conversion of the three Ser/Thr to alanine led to a permanently active form of Coq7 that caused a 2.5-fold increase of CoQ6 levels, albeit decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and oxidative stress resistance capacity.	Alanine	39-46	putative N,N-dimethylaniline monooxygenase COQ6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	123-127
15590823-5	2004	Furthermore, overexpression of AQR1 led to increased excretion of several amino acids (alanine, aspartate, and glutamate) known to be relatively abundant in the cytosol.	Alanine	87-94	Aqr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
15794645-0	2005	Folding and binding integrity of variants of a prototype ligand-binding module from the LDL receptor possessing multiple alanine substitutions.	Alanine	121-128	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	88-100
15794645-3	2005	Starting with the sequence of the fifth ligand-binding repeat of the LDL receptor (LA5), we created generic LA modules with alanine substitutions of nonconserved residues in only the N-terminal lobe, only the C-terminal lobe, and throughout both lobes of the module.	Alanine	124-131	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	69-81
15794645-7	2005	Our library of LA modules with multiple alanine substitutions should be generally useful for probing the roles of nonconserved side chains in ligand recognition by proteins of the LDL receptor family.	Alanine	40-47	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	180-192
15574593-3	2004	In this SOCS box, alanine replaces the consensus cysteine in the previously identified SOCS box.	Alanine	18-25	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	8-12
15574593-3	2004	In this SOCS box, alanine replaces the consensus cysteine in the previously identified SOCS box.	Alanine	18-25	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	87-91
15899702-3	2005	Cathepsin L, cathepsin K, plasmin, trypsin and tryptase were able to release elafin by cleaving the Lys 38 -Ala 39 peptide bond in trappin-2.	Alanine	108-111	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	13-24
28180184-6	2017	The mutation is predicted to change a codon for alanine to that of a threonine at position 657 (A657T) in the GluK2 kainate receptor (KAR) subunit, a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor gene family.	Alanine	48-55	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
18404403-7	2004	Replacement of His-132 in the hP2Y(1) receptor with either Ala or Phe increased Zn(2+) sensitivity of the T(in) current.	Alanine	59-62	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	30-46
15375167-5	2004	In silico modeling followed by mutagenesis and the in vitro and cell-based binding studies showed that the His(171)-Glu-Lys-Gln-Ala-Asp(176) and Val(223)-Arg-Asn(224) peptide sequences of MT1-MMP are directly involved in the binding with C1q.	Alanine	128-131	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	238-241
27852823-5	2017	In HPK1ARas cells, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced nuclear localization and interaction of hRXRalpha are restored when cells are treated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor UO126 or following transfection of the non-phosphorylatable hRXRalpha Ala-260 mutant.	Alanine	226-229	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	139-145
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
15694388-3	2005	TLR4 and TLR4/2a chimera consisting of the TLR4 region Met(1)-Phe(54) and the TLR2 region Ala(53)-Ser(784) were coprecipitated with MD-2, but the deletion mutant TLR4(Delta E24-P34) in which the TLR4 region Glu(24)-Pro(34) was deleted failed to coprecipitate.	Alanine	90-93	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
15590691-3	2005	Thr-187 and Ser-192 are conserved among species from Caenorhabditis elegans to human, and their replacement with Ala resulted in inactivation of TAK1.	Alanine	113-116	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	145-149
15488467-4	2004	These studies show that (a) two of the three polar residues, S174, T177, or D176 and two of the three conserved alanine residues, A179 and A184 present in the 15-residue evolutionary conserved region are essential for Cbl-binding by human TC, and (b) TC gene is transferred in a syntenic manner to different chromosomes, at least before the divergence of mouse/rat and human.	Alanine	112-119	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	218-221
27903963-7	2017	In particular, substitution of these two amino acid residues with non-phosphorylatable alanine (E2F1 ST/A) interferes with E2F1 nuclear export, K11- and K48-linked polyubiquitylation and degradation in differentiated keratinocytes.	Alanine	87-94	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
15531548-2	2004	We describe here a novel germline homozygous mutation in exon 15 of the RET gene that determines an amino acid substitution (Ala-&gt;Thr) at codon 883.	Alanine	125-128	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	72-75
15546877-5	2005	Replacement of the conserved lysine residue within the Walker A motif with alanine, glutamate, or arginine results in the same DNA damage sensitivity and homologous recombination defect as the rad50 deletion mutation.	Alanine	75-82	MRX complex DNA-binding subunit	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	193-198
15507442-3	2005	We show herein that alanine mutations of N-terminal AID residues Gln(1), Gln(2), Ile(3), Glu(4), Glu(6), Leu(7), and Gly(9) in Ca(V)2.3 did not abolish [(35)S]Ca(V)beta 1b or [(35)S]Ca(V)beta 3 subunit overlay binding to fusion proteins nor did they prevent the typical modulation of whole cell currents by Ca(V)beta 3.	Alanine	20-27	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Homo sapiens	127-135
15494511-5	2004	Two variants of the alternative reading frame of M-CSF peptide substituted at P2 or P2 and P9 with Ala display weak or no T cell activation.	Alanine	99-102	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
27903963-7	2017	In particular, substitution of these two amino acid residues with non-phosphorylatable alanine (E2F1 ST/A) interferes with E2F1 nuclear export, K11- and K48-linked polyubiquitylation and degradation in differentiated keratinocytes.	Alanine	87-94	E2F transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
27270431-4	2017	Through alanine scanning, immunofluorescence cell staining and co-immunoprecipitation, we define a critical region at the CASZ1 N terminus (AAs 23-40) that mediates the CASZ1b nuclear localization and NuRD interaction.	Alanine	8-15	castor zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
15543338-4	2004	Tyr178 --&gt; Ala substitution (Tyr178Ala) and Asp218Ala abolished a monovalent ligand, WOW-1 Fab binding as well as soluble fibrinogen binding, which is in perfect agreement with the crystallography.	Alanine	14-17	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	94-97
15610029-5	2004	Mutation to alanine of any of the four serine or threonine residues in the activation loop reduces both the activity of the recombinant kinase domain and JNK pathway activation driven by full-length MLK1 expressed in mammalian cells.	Alanine	12-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 9	Homo sapiens	199-203
15456863-3	2004	To study the in vivo significance of p53 phosphorylation at serine 389, we generated a physiological mouse model in which p53 phosphorylation at serine 389 is abolished by alanine substitution.	Alanine	172-179	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	37-40
27865873-7	2017	Importantly, we demonstrate that the transforming potential of GPR87 was correlated to the receptor signaling, as the signaling-impaired mutant R139A (Arg in the conserved "DRY"-motif at the bottom of transmembrane helix 3 of GPR87 substituted to Ala) showed a lower in vitro cell transformation potential.	Alanine	247-250	G protein-coupled receptor 87	Homo sapiens	63-68
15456863-3	2004	To study the in vivo significance of p53 phosphorylation at serine 389, we generated a physiological mouse model in which p53 phosphorylation at serine 389 is abolished by alanine substitution.	Alanine	172-179	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	122-125
15308718-9	2004	Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) affinity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12.	Alanine	230-237	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	0-3
15308718-9	2004	Fab m14 bound with high (nanomolar range) affinity to gp120 and gp140 from various isolates; its binding was reduced by soluble CD4 and antibodies recognizing the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on gp120, and its footprint as defined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis overlaps that of b12.	Alanine	230-237	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
15589127-5	2004	A comparison of the amino acid sequences of these clones revealed greater production of p21 core protein among clones which contained alanine, rather than valine, at amino acid residue 189.	Alanine	134-141	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	88-91
15589127-6	2004	An exploration of Hepatitis Virus Database revealed that efficient p21 production related alanine at amino acid position 189 was observed in most clones of genotype 1 and in rare clones of genotype 2.	Alanine	90-97	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	67-70
27865873-7	2017	Importantly, we demonstrate that the transforming potential of GPR87 was correlated to the receptor signaling, as the signaling-impaired mutant R139A (Arg in the conserved "DRY"-motif at the bottom of transmembrane helix 3 of GPR87 substituted to Ala) showed a lower in vitro cell transformation potential.	Alanine	247-250	G protein-coupled receptor 87	Homo sapiens	226-231
27878243-8	2017	Furthermore, the knockout of AKT1, AKT2 or both, resulted in a reduction in lactate and alanine, suggesting that the metabolism of carbohydrates and glutathione was impaired.	Alanine	88-95	AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
15558243-6	2004	As we reported previously for other HERG channel blockers, the potency of halofantrine was reduced by mutation to Ala of aromatic residues (Y652, F656) located in the S6 domain, or a Val (V625) located in the pore helix.	Alanine	114-117	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	36-40
15304330-5	2004	In this study, we demonstrate that this C-terminal serine residue (p53-392S) in fact plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 stability such that substitution with alanine (p53-392A) strongly enhances p53 stability without disrupting mouse double minute 2 binding.	Alanine	170-177	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	128-131
15304330-5	2004	In this study, we demonstrate that this C-terminal serine residue (p53-392S) in fact plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 stability such that substitution with alanine (p53-392A) strongly enhances p53 stability without disrupting mouse double minute 2 binding.	Alanine	170-177	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	128-131
15304330-5	2004	In this study, we demonstrate that this C-terminal serine residue (p53-392S) in fact plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 stability such that substitution with alanine (p53-392A) strongly enhances p53 stability without disrupting mouse double minute 2 binding.	Alanine	170-177	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	128-131
27738316-4	2016	Similarly, when Mcl-1 with alanine replacements of all five putative Cdk sites (S64, T92, S121, S159, T163) was expressed, it was also phosphorylated and degraded in response to vinblastine.	Alanine	27-34	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	16-21
15377274-5	2004	Analysis by LC/MSD-Trap showed the amino acid sequence of this hexapeptide to be Glu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-OH with molecular weight 618.5 daltons.	Alanine	85-88	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Bos taurus	19-23
15518569-5	2004	Mutation of His42 (the only His of SOUL) to Ala resulted in loss of heme binding, confirming that this residue is an axial ligand of SOUL.	Alanine	44-47	heme binding protein 2	Mus musculus	35-39
15518569-5	2004	Mutation of His42 (the only His of SOUL) to Ala resulted in loss of heme binding, confirming that this residue is an axial ligand of SOUL.	Alanine	44-47	heme binding protein 2	Mus musculus	133-137
27701804-1	2016	By means of limited proteolysis assay, three-dimensional NMR, X-ray crystallography and alanine mutations, a dynamic region at the Q221R222N223 motif in the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of Mcl-1 has been identified as a conformational switch which controls Mcl-1 ubiquitination.	Alanine	88-95	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	190-195
15308760-2	2004	In this study, alanine-substituted HERG channel mutants of inner cavity residues were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and were used to characterize the HERG channel binding site of the antiarrhythmic propafenone.	Alanine	15-22	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
15308760-2	2004	In this study, alanine-substituted HERG channel mutants of inner cavity residues were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and were used to characterize the HERG channel binding site of the antiarrhythmic propafenone.	Alanine	15-22	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
15497035-6	2004	Two novel identical mutation alleles of GAG683GCG, which caused an amino acid change from Glu to Ala, were detected in Exon4 of LDL receptor gene in homozygous proband.	Alanine	97-100	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	128-140
15123661-4	2004	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis revealed that residues Phe436 and Ile433-Leu444 in the CT were required for alpha2B-AR export.	Alanine	0-7	adrenoceptor alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	105-115
15123609-5	2004	By alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified a DpYR motif including Tyr(1003) as being important for the direct recruitment of the c-Cbl TKB domain and for ubiquitination of the Met receptor.	Alanine	3-10	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	138-143
15001534-6	2004	Interestingly, MEKK1 up-regulation and the synergistic effects of paclitaxel on anticancer drug-induced apoptosis were abolished by overexpression of mutant FADD (Ser194--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	175-178	Fas associated via death domain	Homo sapiens	157-161
27701804-1	2016	By means of limited proteolysis assay, three-dimensional NMR, X-ray crystallography and alanine mutations, a dynamic region at the Q221R222N223 motif in the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain of Mcl-1 has been identified as a conformational switch which controls Mcl-1 ubiquitination.	Alanine	88-95	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	258-263
27603546-0	2016	Identification of the Critical Amino Acid Residues of Immunoglobulin E and Immunoglobulin G Epitopes in alpha-Lactalbumin by Alanine Scanning Analysis.	Alanine	125-132	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	104-121
15044392-3	2004	In the present study we construct and characterize one gC-1 mutant virus, in which two basic amino acids (114K and 117R) in a putative O-glycosylation sequon were changed to alanine.	Alanine	174-181	solute carrier family 25 member 22	Homo sapiens	55-59
15087470-5	2004	We report that a mutation changing Trp477 to Ala in the kinase domain rendered the type I activin receptor Alk4 unable to undergo ligand-dependent internalization.	Alanine	45-48	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	90-97
15308623-6	2004	Mutation of serine 37 (a target of GSK3beta) to an alanine renders beta-catenin resistant to the degradatory action of PPARgamma.	Alanine	51-58	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	35-43
15304330-5	2004	In this study, we demonstrate that this C-terminal serine residue (p53-392S) in fact plays a critical role in the regulation of p53 stability such that substitution with alanine (p53-392A) strongly enhances p53 stability without disrupting mouse double minute 2 binding.	Alanine	170-177	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	67-70
15087470-7	2004	Also, a Trp477 to Ala mutation abolished the endocytosis of Alk4T206D, a constitutively active type I activin receptor.	Alanine	18-21	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	102-109
27571165-8	2016	Finally, we demonstrated that mutation of putatively methylated arginine R65 to alanine decreased MYCN stability by altering phosphorylation at residues serine 62 and threonine 58.	Alanine	80-87	MYCN proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	98-102
15145940-4	2004	Alanine scanning was used to construct mutants of hOAT1, and the uptake of model substrate para-aminohippurate was studied in COS-7 cells expressing the mutant transporters.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	50-55
15145940-12	2004	The fact that Thr-36 cannot be substituted with serine and that the side chains of alanine, serine, and cysteine are smaller than that of threonine by a methyl group indicate that both the methyl group and the hydroxyl group of Thr-36 could be critical for hOAT1 activity.	Alanine	83-90	solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens	257-262
15084588-1	2004	A new recombinant, human anti-sickling beta-globin polypeptide designated beta(AS3) (betaGly(16) --&gt; Asp/betaGlu(22) --&gt; Ala/betaThr(87) --&gt; Gln) was designed to increase affinity for alpha-globin.	Alanine	127-130	PDS5 cohesin associated factor B	Homo sapiens	74-82
27440890-5	2016	Alanine substitutions of these UL51 amino acid residues reduced viral replication and produced an accumulation of unenveloped and partially enveloped nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm at levels comparable to those of UL51-null, UL14-null, and UL51/UL14 double-null mutations.	Alanine	0-7	tegument protein UL14	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	245-249
15194871-4	2004	We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the PP2A-binding domain of the NR3A C-terminal (NR3Ac), then co-expressed the mutants together with the PP2A catalytic subunit in a yeast two-hybrid system and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.	Alanine	13-20	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	49-53
15194871-4	2004	We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the PP2A-binding domain of the NR3A C-terminal (NR3Ac), then co-expressed the mutants together with the PP2A catalytic subunit in a yeast two-hybrid system and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.	Alanine	13-20	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	76-80
15218356-1	2004	The exon 1 polymorphism (49A/G) of ctla-4 gene corresponds to an amino acid exchange (threonine to alanine) in the leader peptide of the expressed protein.	Alanine	99-106	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
15184021-4	2004	We have mutated a serine residue conserved in almost all of the 192 known PD001131 sequences to alanine in each PD001131 domain of human Pit2.	Alanine	96-103	solute carrier family 20 member 2	Homo sapiens	137-141
27179589-6	2016	Interestingly, AGXT-1 shows 5-fold higher activity towards the alanine/glyoxylate pair than hAGT1.	Alanine	63-70	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	15-21
15094778-5	2004	Mutating Ser-1034 to an unphosphorylatable Ala led to increased catalytic activity of ASK1 and enhanced proapoptotic function of ASK1.	Alanine	43-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Homo sapiens	86-90
15094778-5	2004	Mutating Ser-1034 to an unphosphorylatable Ala led to increased catalytic activity of ASK1 and enhanced proapoptotic function of ASK1.	Alanine	43-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Homo sapiens	129-133
15064744-6	2004	We further found that a cdc25C phosphorylation mutant where threonine 236 was replaced by aspartic acid as well as cdc25C phosphorylated by CK2 binds importin beta or the importin alpha/beta heterodimer less efficiently than wild type or the corresponding alanine mutant.	Alanine	256-263	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	24-30
15064744-6	2004	We further found that a cdc25C phosphorylation mutant where threonine 236 was replaced by aspartic acid as well as cdc25C phosphorylated by CK2 binds importin beta or the importin alpha/beta heterodimer less efficiently than wild type or the corresponding alanine mutant.	Alanine	256-263	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	115-121
15073328-8	2004	A CREB mutant containing Ala substitutions at ATM phosphorylation sites displayed enhanced transactivation potential, resistance to inhibition by IR, and increased binding to CBP.	Alanine	25-28	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	46-49
15158806-7	2004	We postulate that the lipase hydrolyzes the methyl ester group of the l-alanine side chain to form the cyclic intermediate in a stereoselective fashion.	Alanine	70-79	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	22-28
27518429-6	2016	We expressed, purified, and characterized phosphomimetic (glutamate) and phosphoablating (alanine) mutants of the three phosphorylation sites in NEIL1 revealed by the MS analysis.	Alanine	90-97	nei like DNA glycosylase 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
15034049-7	2004	In contrast, the corresponding mutations Ser(627)--&gt;Ala in MASP-1 and Ser(618)--&gt;Ala in MASP-2 stabilized the latter in their proenzyme form.	Alanine	55-58	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	62-68
15107581-4	2004	Then to determine the role of these residues, we constructed a mutant H1R in which all of these five residues were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	132-139	histamine receptor H1	Homo sapiens	70-73
15155875-10	2004	As suggested by the mutant phenotypes, ilr1 iar3 ill2 imbibed seeds and seedlings have lower IAA levels than wild type and accumulate IAA-Ala and IAA-Leu, conjugates that are substrates of the absent hydrolases.	Alanine	138-141	Peptidase M20/M25/M40 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
27402756-4	2016	Although S83 phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 does not affect general cap-dependent translation, expression of an alanine substitution mutant 4E-BP1.S83A partially reverses rodent cell transformation induced by Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen viral oncoprotein.	Alanine	107-114	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	135-141
15155875-10	2004	As suggested by the mutant phenotypes, ilr1 iar3 ill2 imbibed seeds and seedlings have lower IAA levels than wild type and accumulate IAA-Ala and IAA-Leu, conjugates that are substrates of the absent hydrolases.	Alanine	138-141	peptidase M20/M25/M40 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-48
14996540-3	2004	One of these mutations is a non-conservative change of alanine to aspartate in the third transmembrane domain of the alpha1 subunit.	Alanine	55-62	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	117-123
27428327-6	2016	Ala/Asp mutations reveal that the CK2 and MAPK sites ensure that M8 repression of Ato and the R8 fate occurs in a timely manner and at a specific stage (stage-2/3) of the morphogenetic furrow (MF).	Alanine	0-3	atonal	Drosophila melanogaster	82-85
15135045-2	2004	To characterize the molecular basis of the receptor"s ligand binding properties, we have examined the effects of alanine mutations of residues in the ligand binding site of the receptor on its affinity for IGF-II.	Alanine	113-120	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	206-212
27166195-5	2016	When Ser64 and Thr70 of MCL-1 are substituted with alanine, the mutated MCL-1 is neither phosphorylated nor ubiquitinated, and becomes more stable than the wild-type protein.	Alanine	51-58	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	72-77
15131255-3	2004	Since the extrahelical 3"-flap pocket in archaeal Fen1 contains seven amino acids that are conserved to a great extent in human Fen1, we have mutated the four conserved or all seven amino acids in the human Fen1 extrahelical 3"-flap pocket to alanine.	Alanine	243-250	flap structure-specific endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
15122758-6	2004	Expression of recombinant mALT1 and mALT2 proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) produced functional enzymes that catalyze alanine transamination.	Alanine	123-130	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	26-31
27239044-4	2016	Histamine reduction is most likely caused by increased catabolism of the histamine precursor histidine, triggered by rerouting of alanine flux from AGT to the glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT, also known as the alanine-transaminase ALT).	Alanine	130-137	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	148-151
27129255-0	2016	Rqc1 and Ltn1 Prevent C-terminal Alanine-Threonine Tail (CAT-tail)-induced Protein Aggregation by Efficient Recruitment of Cdc48 on Stalled 60S Subunits.	Alanine	33-40	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
15078976-3	2004	We identified alanine mutations at six positions, including four tryptophan residues, which result in mutant envelope glycoprotein complexes that fail to retain gp120 on the cell surface.	Alanine	14-21	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	161-166
27258319-9	2016	(ii) During the post-hypoxia recovery period, the alanine aminotransferase/glutamate dehydrogenase cycle mobilizes this carbon from alanine store.	Alanine	50-57	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	75-98
15083196-3	2004	We previously compared the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of native endostatin and endostatin with a proline to alanine mutation (P125A-endostatin).	Alanine	124-131	collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	95-105
15083196-3	2004	We previously compared the in vitro and in vivo biological activities of native endostatin and endostatin with a proline to alanine mutation (P125A-endostatin).	Alanine	124-131	collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	95-105
14761940-6	2004	The interaction between Rsp5 and Rvs167 is mediated through Rsp5 WW domains and PXY motifs in the central Gly-Pro-Ala-rich domain of Rvs167.	Alanine	114-117	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
14761940-6	2004	The interaction between Rsp5 and Rvs167 is mediated through Rsp5 WW domains and PXY motifs in the central Gly-Pro-Ala-rich domain of Rvs167.	Alanine	114-117	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
27064538-4	2016	Yokoyama and colleagues previously identified six alanine substitutions in phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase that increase its editing activity.1 We have introduced these alanine substitutions into TyrRS-FRSed in various combinations, generating 14 different variants.	Alanine	50-57	tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
15067030-2	2004	In human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B57+ HIV-infected persons, immune selection pressure leads to a mutation from alanine to proline at Gag residue 146 immediately preceding the NH2 terminus of a dominant HLA-B57-restricted epitope, ISPRTLNAW.	Alanine	130-137	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	221-226
27064538-4	2016	Yokoyama and colleagues previously identified six alanine substitutions in phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase that increase its editing activity.1 We have introduced these alanine substitutions into TyrRS-FRSed in various combinations, generating 14 different variants.	Alanine	166-173	tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
27064538-7	2016	In general, TyrRS-FRSed variants containing two activating mutations are the most active, with additional alanine substitutions decreasing the activity of the editing domain.	Alanine	106-113	tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
26929298-3	2016	Here, we identified the functionally important residues in the N- and C-terminal regions of the CssA and CssB subunits during CS6 assembly by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	142-149	CS6 structural subunit A	Escherichia coli	96-100
15037578-7	2004	Mutation of serine-34 in the C domain of IGF-1 to alanine abolished the synergistic effect with FGLM-amide on corneal epithelial migration.	Alanine	50-57	insulin-like growth factor I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	41-46
26775739-4	2016	Using far UV circular dichroism spectroscopy it was shown that cholesterol attenuated the helicity of caveolin-1, and that mutation of P110 to alanine caused a significant increase in the alpha-helicity of the protein.	Alanine	143-150	spliceosome associated factor 3, U4/U6 recycling protein	Homo sapiens	135-139
15024086-6	2004	Mutation of this site to alanine strongly attenuates the effects of insulin and rapamycin both on the binding of calmodulin to eEF2 kinase and on eEF2 kinase activity.	Alanine	25-32	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-131
15024086-6	2004	Mutation of this site to alanine strongly attenuates the effects of insulin and rapamycin both on the binding of calmodulin to eEF2 kinase and on eEF2 kinase activity.	Alanine	25-32	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	146-150
26960196-7	2016	Using peptide Ala scanning, we found Ser 420 is one possible O-GlcNAc site in RBL-2.	Alanine	14-17	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	61-69
26925779-6	2016	In particular, a functionally critical STK-conserved histidine that stabilizes the regulatory spine in STKs is selectively mutated to an alanine, serine or glutamate in PTKs, and this loss-of-function mutation is accommodated, in part, through compensatory PTK-specific interactions in the core.	Alanine	137-144	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	169-172
14699168-5	2004	We used alanine replacement mutagenesis to determine the effects of individual conserved aromatic residues on the properties of human P2X(1) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Alanine	8-15	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	134-140
26876687-8	2016	Furthermore, a mutational analysis revealed that the ubiquitination and degradation of Plin2 required both the second and third alanine in the N-terminal region.	Alanine	128-135	predicted gene 12551	Mus musculus	87-92
14999080-5	2004	For chorda tympani responses, significant linkages to Tas1r3 were found for the sweeteners sucrose, saccharin, D-phenylalanine, D-tryptophan, and SC-45647 but not glycine, L-proline, L-alanine, or L-glutamine.	Alanine	183-192	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	54-60
26177583-7	2016	Mutating the Cdk1 consensus site S21 to alanine eliminates many of the phosphorylated species suggesting that S21 is a key site of phosphorylation in vivo.	Alanine	40-47	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
14993284-4	2004	The wild-type factor and the alanine variant activate transcription of somatic- and oocyte-type 5S rRNA genes in nuclear extract immunodepleted of endogenous TFIIIA.	Alanine	29-36	general transcription factor 3A L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	158-164
14993287-5	2004	Replacing the serine with alanine limits activation by EGF and subsequent cell deadhesion and motility.	Alanine	26-33	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	55-58
14570910-12	2004	We established cells that stably express mutant TLP lacking TFIIA binding ability and identified the amino acids of TLP required for TFIIA binding (Ala-32, Leu-33, Asn-37, Arg-52, Lys-53, Lys-78, and Arg-86).	Alanine	148-151	general transcription factor IIA subunit 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
26671832-1	2016	The interaction of iridium(iii) with a new lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl derivative, bearing alanine as a building block, (1) with an orange emission in water results in a green highly emissive Ir@1 complex at room temperature.	Alanine	94-101	nischarin	Homo sapiens	195-199
14976552-5	2004	Mutation of the T-loop Thr phosphorylated by LKB1 to Ala prevented activation, while mutation to glutamate produced active forms of many of the AMPK-related kinases.	Alanine	53-56	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	45-49
26657898-2	2016	Here, we generated a conditional knock-in mouse allowing the expression of the B-Raf(AVKA) mutant in which the AS phosphoacceptor sites T599 and S602 are replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	166-173	Braf transforming gene	Mus musculus	79-84
14967141-6	2004	IL-3 induces BAD phosphorylation at threonine 201, and replacement of threonine 201 by alanine generates a BAD mutant, which promotes IL-3 withdrawal-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	87-94	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	134-138
14735473-4	2004	In contrast, frequencies of ile/ile genotype at codon 105 and variant val-ala haplotype of GSTP1 was significantly higher (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.0-2.0) and lower (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.0-1.9) in oral cancer patients compare to controls, respectively.	Alanine	74-77	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
26657898-7	2016	Importantly, alanine substitution of T599/S602 impairs the transformation potential of oncogenic non-V600E B-Raf mutants and a fusion protein, suggesting that blocking their phosphorylation could represent an alternative strategy to ATP-competitive inhibitors.	Alanine	13-20	Braf transforming gene	Mus musculus	107-112
14747992-1	2004	Alanine-scanning site-directed mutagenesis of residues in five surface loops of an extensive basic surface on protein C was used to identify residues that play essential roles in its activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex.	Alanine	0-7	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	210-224
14733911-0	2004	Antioxidant action of L-alanine: heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin as possible mediators.	Alanine	22-31	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	33-49
26742748-2	2016	Special attention is paid to studies of the role of peptides Lys-Glu, Glu-Asp-Arg, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly in epigenetic regulation of irisin content.	Alanine	87-90	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	131-137
14733911-6	2004	The present study demonstrates that L-alanine stimulates expression of the antioxidant defense proteins HO-1 and ferritin in endothelial cells.	Alanine	36-45	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-121
14594804-4	2004	Alanine substitutions at the distal P4" (Glu-350) and P5" (Glu-351) residues of PAI-1 reduced the rates of Michaelis complex formation (k(a)) and overall inhibition (k(app)) with tPA by 13.4- and 4.7-fold, respectively, whereas the rate of loop insertion or final acyl-enzyme formation (k(lim)) increased by 3.3-fold.	Alanine	0-7	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
14729946-4	2004	To explore further the physiological significance of phosphorylation of p53 on Ser18, we generated mice bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation in p53.	Alanine	124-131	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	72-75
14729946-4	2004	To explore further the physiological significance of phosphorylation of p53 on Ser18, we generated mice bearing a serine-to-alanine mutation in p53.	Alanine	124-131	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	144-147
26847268-4	2016	Previously, we reported that downmodulation of induced PKCepsilon level by zapotin was associated with decreased migration and increased apoptosis in HeLa cell line containing doxycycline-inducible constitutively active PKCepsilon (PKCepsilonA/E, Ala(159)   Glu).	Alanine	247-250	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	55-65
14766905-4	2004	It was previously demonstrated that C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing agglutinin-like sequence 5 protein (Als5p, previously referred to as Ala1p or Ala1/Als5p) adhere to peptides containing patches of threonine, serine and alanine residues when these are located in the free end of immobilized peptides.	Alanine	241-248	alanine--tRNA ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	157-162
14766905-4	2004	It was previously demonstrated that C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing agglutinin-like sequence 5 protein (Als5p, previously referred to as Ala1p or Ala1/Als5p) adhere to peptides containing patches of threonine, serine and alanine residues when these are located in the free end of immobilized peptides.	Alanine	241-248	alanine--tRNA ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	157-161
14600155-2	2004	PAT2 and its paralog, PAT1/LYAAT-1, are transporters for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.	Alanine	92-99	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
14600155-2	2004	PAT2 and its paralog, PAT1/LYAAT-1, are transporters for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.	Alanine	92-99	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
14600155-2	2004	PAT2 and its paralog, PAT1/LYAAT-1, are transporters for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.	Alanine	92-99	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	27-34
14600155-9	2004	Our data suggest that PAT2 contributes to neuronal transport and sequestration of amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and/or proline, whereby the transport direction is dependent on the sum of the driving forces such as substrate concentration, pH gradient, and membrane potential.	Alanine	111-118	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
26151386-8	2015	HA removal efficiency of Ala and Alb were higher than that of Alc, but the turbidity removal by Alc was slightly higher under the same pH condition.	Alanine	25-28	allantoicase	Homo sapiens	96-99
14736854-5	2004	Serial truncation and alanine site mutagenesis of the GluR6 subunit C terminus localized the critical motif to a seven amino acid stretch of predominantly basic residues.	Alanine	22-29	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	54-59
12748860-4	2004	Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.	Alanine	97-104	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
12748860-4	2004	Both PAT1 and PAT2 mediate 1:1 symport of protons and small neutral amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and proline.	Alanine	97-104	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
26711256-7	2015	We mapped Ser147 of GSK-3beta as the site phosphorylated by PKCzeta, i.e., its mutation into alanine abolished GSK-3beta activity, resulting in beta-catenin stabilization and increased transcriptional activity, whereas phosphomimetic replacement of Ser147 by glutamic acid maintained GSK-3beta basal activity.	Alanine	93-100	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	144-156
14709911-7	2004	The K(m) values for rat PAP-I in hydrolyzing L-pGlu-L-Ala, L-OTCA-L-Ala, L-OOCA-L-Ala and L-OICA-L-Ala were 0.057, 0.43, 0.71 and 0.42 mM, respectively.	Alanine	53-57	pyroglutamyl-peptidase I	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
14709911-7	2004	The K(m) values for rat PAP-I in hydrolyzing L-pGlu-L-Ala, L-OTCA-L-Ala, L-OOCA-L-Ala and L-OICA-L-Ala were 0.057, 0.43, 0.71 and 0.42 mM, respectively.	Alanine	54-57	pyroglutamyl-peptidase I	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
15041079-3	2004	Herein, we identified two mutations within the putative signal sequence of TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) gene of TGF-beta-resistant B-CLL patients (i.e., a Leu12Gln substitution together with an in-frame single Ala deletion).	Alanine	217-220	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-99
15041079-3	2004	Herein, we identified two mutations within the putative signal sequence of TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) gene of TGF-beta-resistant B-CLL patients (i.e., a Leu12Gln substitution together with an in-frame single Ala deletion).	Alanine	217-220	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	101-109
26553325-3	2015	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in a hypoxic-like microenvironment on the secretion of growth factors: GM-CSF (granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor), G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) by experimental models of colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	86-89	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	166-172
14506260-9	2003	Comparison of the kcat, Km, and Kd for the alanine-substituted mutants with those for human RNase H1 suggests that Lys59 and Lys60 are involved in binding to the heteroduplex and that Trp43 is responsible for properly positioning the enzyme on the substrate for catalysis.	Alanine	43-50	ribonuclease H1	Homo sapiens	92-100
14722246-3	2004	Using site-directed mutagenesis, nine PAR2 mutants with alanine substitutions in the first six amino acids of the tethered ligand, S37LIGRL42., were prepared: PAR2S37A, PAR2L38A, PAR2I39A, PAR2G40A, PAR2R41A, PAR2A37-38, PAR2A39-42, PAR2A37,39-42, and PAR2A37-42, along with the reverse-sequence construct, PAR2L37S38.	Alanine	56-63	F2R like trypsin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
26553325-3	2015	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in a hypoxic-like microenvironment on the secretion of growth factors: GM-CSF (granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor), G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) by experimental models of colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	86-89	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	174-226
26553325-3	2015	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in a hypoxic-like microenvironment on the secretion of growth factors: GM-CSF (granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor), G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) by experimental models of colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	86-89	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	229-234
14529723-4	2003	After proteolytic cleavage of native SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin E (BoNT/E), synaptic transmission was restored in a subset of transfected CA3 pyramidal cells with a toxin-resistant form of SNAP-25 containing unaltered S187 (Swt), S187 mutated to alanine (SA) or S187 mutated to glutamate (SE).	Alanine	251-258	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	37-44
14653691-1	2003	A new class of competitive inhibitors of homodimeric human glyoxalase I has been created by cross-linking two molecules of the transition-state analogue S-(N-4-chlorophenyl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione (CHG) through their gamma-glutamyl-NH(2) groups with poly-beta-alanyl tethers of differing length: [CHG(beta-ala)n](2) suberate diamide (n = 1-7).	Alanine	266-270	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	59-71
26553325-3	2015	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of PDT with aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) in a hypoxic-like microenvironment on the secretion of growth factors: GM-CSF (granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor), G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) by experimental models of colon cancer cells in vitro.	Alanine	86-89	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	236-273
14519080-8	2003	DAB(389)EGF is a fusion protein composed of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin fused via a His-Ala linker to human epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Alanine	120-123	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	8-11
26598604-4	2016	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the LIM interaction domain of LDB1 revealed a discrete motif, R(320)LITR, required for LMO2 binding.	Alanine	0-7	LIM domain binding 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
14500784-10	2003	Furthermore, Ala-401 of Rsp5 was considered to have an important role in the ubiquitination of targeted proteins.	Alanine	13-16	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
12807882-5	2003	Here we report an alanine-scanning mutagenesis study of the Runt domain that targeted amino acids identified by structural studies to reside at the DNA or CBF beta interface, as well as amino acids mutated in human disease.	Alanine	18-25	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	155-163
14641935-6	2003	RESULTS: Cysteines 348 and 353 of the human mu opioid receptor (hMOR) were mutated into alanines and Ala348,353 hMOR was stably expressed in HEK 293 cells.	Alanine	88-96	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
14664713-8	2003	These data indicate that substitution of Ala(8) in GLP-1 with Abu or Val confers resistance to DPP IV inactivation and that (Val(8))GLP-1 is a particularly potent N-terminally modified GLP-1 analogue of possible use in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
14625549-3	2003	With deletional, insertional and alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we precisely mapped the TLR5 recognition site on flagellin to a cluster of 13 amino acid residues that participate in intermolecular interactions within flagellar protofilaments and that are required for bacterial motility.	Alanine	33-40	toll like receptor 5	Homo sapiens	87-91
12857746-5	2003	Individual alanine substitution of several residues in the domain significantly affected Ski-Smad3 interaction.	Alanine	11-18	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	89-92
26598606-4	2016	By analyzing the phenotypes of mutants with Opy2 cysteine-to-alanine mutations, we deduced that the CR domain forms four intramolecular disulfide bonds.	Alanine	61-68	Opy2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-48
12914780-5	2003	Large-sized amino acid residues located at putative substrate-binding sites of rat CYP1A1 were substituted for alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	111-118	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
14596612-8	2003	Mutation of arginine residues in NPY13-36 to alanine abrogated binding to Hsp90.	Alanine	45-52	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	33-41
14596612-8	2003	Mutation of arginine residues in NPY13-36 to alanine abrogated binding to Hsp90.	Alanine	45-52	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
26002966-6	2015	Because AKR1C35 is the first 317Beta-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE IN THE AKR SUPERFAMILY: , we also investigated the molecular determinants for the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by replacement of Val54 and Cys310 in AKR1C35 with the corresponding residues in AKR1C34, Ala and Phe, respectively.	Alanine	282-285	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C13-like	Mesocricetus auratus	8-15
12930794-7	2003	Moreover, simultaneous substitution of the only two glycines in M3 of GluR-A with alanines produced channels with gating properties indistinguishable from wild type.	Alanine	82-90	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	70-76
26500112-9	2015	The key residues involved in binding of PKI-179 were Ala-805 in PI3Kgamma and Ile-2163 in mTOR as they have lost maximum accessible surface area due to binding.	Alanine	53-56	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	64-73
12766158-5	2003	Because it had been proposed that a histidine residue might be the proximal heme ligand in IDO, mutation to alanine of the three highly conserved histidines His16, His303, and His346 was conducted.	Alanine	108-115	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
12878193-7	2003	In this study, the C-terminal residues of porcine ZPB and ZPC were identified as Ala-462 and Ser-332, respectively, by mass spectrometry of C-terminal polypeptide fragments of these proteins.	Alanine	81-84	zona pellucida glycoprotein 4	Homo sapiens	50-53
14577594-6	2003	Rolipram and milrinone, selective PDE 4 and PDE 3 inhibitors respectively, stimulated the gluconeogenesis of alanine, lactate + pyruvate, or fructose in hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats.	Alanine	109-116	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP-specific-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
12930972-6	2003	A Thr506--&gt;Ala RF-Cp145 domain B mutant is a poor in vitro substrate for cdk-cyclin kinase and, consequently, the ability of this mutant to bind PCNA was not suppressed by phosphorylation.	Alanine	14-17	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	80-86
12930972-6	2003	A Thr506--&gt;Ala RF-Cp145 domain B mutant is a poor in vitro substrate for cdk-cyclin kinase and, consequently, the ability of this mutant to bind PCNA was not suppressed by phosphorylation.	Alanine	14-17	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	148-152
12945950-3	2003	The mutations lead to the expansion of a polyalanine stretch from 10 to 12-17 alanines in the N-terminus of PABPN1.	Alanine	78-86	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
26267866-1	2015	The disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is caused by alanine codon trinucleotide expansions in the N-terminal segment of the nuclear poly(A) binding protein PABPN1.	Alanine	60-67	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	164-170
12969556-3	2003	OPMD is caused by a moderate alanine expansion in the poly-A binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) and is associated with intranuclear PABPN1 deposition exclusively in muscle.	Alanine	29-36	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	54-86
12969556-3	2003	OPMD is caused by a moderate alanine expansion in the poly-A binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) and is associated with intranuclear PABPN1 deposition exclusively in muscle.	Alanine	29-36	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	88-94
12927542-4	2003	For a better understanding of the role played by Trp314 in the conformational changes of beta4Gal-T1, we mutated it to Ala and carried out substrate-binding, proteolytic and crystallographic studies.	Alanine	119-122	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	89-100
26267866-3	2015	Whereas the purified N-terminal domain of PABPN1 forms fibrils in an alanine-dependent way, fibril formation of the full-length protein occurs also in the absence of alanines.	Alanine	69-76	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
26439863-7	2015	We found marked SNAT1 induction in activated primary human CD4+ T cells, and used Consumption and Release (CoRe) metabolomics to identify alanine as an endogenous SNAT1 substrate required for T cell mitogenesis.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
12756255-7	2003	The fact that a larger side chain at the 680th position suppresses the defects of F482A myosin suggests that the defects are caused by insufficient contact between side chains of Ala-482 and Gly-680.	Alanine	179-182	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	88-94
12628005-8	2003	PD98059 and a threonine to alanine mutation of the ERK1/2-responsive Ets2 phosphorylation site at position 72 inhibited the Ets2/PMA effect.	Alanine	27-34	ETS proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	69-73
12628005-8	2003	PD98059 and a threonine to alanine mutation of the ERK1/2-responsive Ets2 phosphorylation site at position 72 inhibited the Ets2/PMA effect.	Alanine	27-34	ETS proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	124-128
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Alanine	151-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
26320175-4	2015	We show that serine-to-alanine alterations at critical residues within the SQ-cluster known to be phosphorylated by ATM and ATR result in reduced homologous recombination repair (HRR) and aberrant mitosis.	Alanine	23-30	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	116-119
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Alanine	151-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
12771201-5	2003	In order to determine the residues crucial for its activity, we prepared all the histidine-to- alanine point mutants of RegB.	Alanine	95-102	site-specific RNA endonuclease	Escherichia phage T4	120-124
12723974-5	2003	Alanine substitution of several individual residues decreased the susceptibility of PAI-1 to XR5118.	Alanine	0-7	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
26444772-8	2015	Western blotting and a capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay demonstrated the high specificity of the antibody pAb77 against Abeta-variants starting with the N-terminal Alanine-2.	Alanine	174-181	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	130-135
12892755-2	2003	Glutamate synthesized by GDH via reductive amination is the amino group donor for alanine synthesis and the precursor required for proline synthesis.	Alanine	82-89	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
12771937-6	2003	The importance of N-terminal p53 phosphorylation was verified with p53 mutants where the first six serine residues have been converted to alanine, and which do not accumulate in response to NO.	Alanine	138-145	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	29-32
12600984-3	2003	Substitution of the proline residues Pro-424 and Pro-427 by alanines results in loss of Akt activity and phosphorylation induced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF), possibly because these mutations disrupt the interaction between Akt and the SH3 domain of Src.	Alanine	60-68	epidermal growth factor	Canis lupus familiaris	136-159
12600984-3	2003	Substitution of the proline residues Pro-424 and Pro-427 by alanines results in loss of Akt activity and phosphorylation induced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF), possibly because these mutations disrupt the interaction between Akt and the SH3 domain of Src.	Alanine	60-68	epidermal growth factor	Canis lupus familiaris	161-164
12874229-2	2003	To further define the interface between the bacterial SAG toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and the TCR, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis within the putative TCR binding region of TSST-1 along the central alpha helix adjacent to the N-terminal alpha helix and the beta7-beta9 loop as well as with two universally conserved SAG residues (Leu(137) and Tyr(144) in TSST-1).	Alanine	122-129	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	54-57
25500543-8	2015	Expression of LRP6 mutant in which serine/threonine residues in each particular ProlineProlineProlineSerine/ThreonineProline motif were mutated to alanines (LRP6-5A) significantly reduced beta-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	147-155	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	188-200
12537539-3	2003	Expression of mNAT3 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the strongest transport activities were preferred for L-alanine.	Alanine	107-116	N-acetyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	14-19
12537539-6	2003	Treatment of mouse hepatocyte-like H2.35 cells with insulin led to a significant increase in the expression of mNAT3, and this stimulation was associated closely with an increase in the uptake of L-alanine.	Alanine	196-205	N-acetyltransferase 3	Mus musculus	111-116
26325270-9	2015	A27D7 binding is resistant to single alanine substitutions within the A33 epitope.	Alanine	37-44	glycoprotein A33	Homo sapiens	70-73
12925750-5	2003	The substitution of serine-79 in Sso1 with an alanine residue or the treatment of yeast with C2-ceramide, which results in the dephosphorylation of serine-79, both inhibit Vsm1 binding in vivo.	Alanine	46-53	Ddi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	172-176
12704229-3	2003	p47(PHOX) carrying certain serine-to-alanine mutations fails to support NADPH oxidase activity in intact cells, suggesting that the phosphorylation of specific serines on p47(PHOX) is required for the activation of the oxidase.	Alanine	37-44	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	0-3
26169722-6	2015	We found that the presence of TF was required for Mg(2+) to enhance the rate of FX activation by FVIIa, and we used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to identify TF residues important for mediating this response to Mg(2+).	Alanine	116-123	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	157-159
12591925-3	2003	Mutation of serines 116 and 617 to alanine promoted a greater protein-protein interaction with hsp90 and Akt and greater phosphorylation on serine 1179, the major site for Akt phosphorylation.	Alanine	35-42	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
12723093-0	2003	Content of ileal EAAC1 and hepatic GLT-1 high-affinity glutamate transporters is increased in growing vs. nongrowing lambs, paralleling increased tissue D- and L-glutamate, plasma glutamine, and alanine concentrations.	Alanine	195-202	GLT-1	Ovis aries	35-40
12707269-6	2003	Engineered LIFR mutants in which either or both of these two residues were mutated to alanine were transfected in Ba/F3 cells already containing gp130.	Alanine	86-93	LIF receptor alpha	Mus musculus	11-15
12837288-6	2003	Mutation of these serines to alanine, either alone or in combination, inhibited the ability of Raf to induce paxillin phosphorylation.	Alanine	29-36	paxillin	Homo sapiens	109-117
26029982-5	2015	In addition, the serine at position 22, a target for CDK1-dependent phosphorylation, was mutated to alanine, preventing CDK1-catalyzed nuclear envelope disassembly.	Alanine	100-107	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
12669239-0	2003	Sub-cellular pathology of scrapie: coated pits are increased in PrP codon 136 alanine homozygous scrapie-affected sheep.	Alanine	78-85	major prion protein	Ovis aries	64-67
26029982-5	2015	In addition, the serine at position 22, a target for CDK1-dependent phosphorylation, was mutated to alanine, preventing CDK1-catalyzed nuclear envelope disassembly.	Alanine	100-107	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
12712437-2	2003	Several polymorphisms have been identified in the SRD5A2 gene, including a valine-to-leucine substitution (V89L) at codon 89, a variable number of TA dinucleotide repeats and a missense substitution at codon 49 resulting in an amino acid substitution of alanine with threonine (A49T).	Alanine	254-261	steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2	Homo sapiens	50-56
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	22-29	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	369-410
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	22-29	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	412-417
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	31-34	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	369-410
26217182-3	2015	Here, we show genetic alanine (Ala) substitution at threonines (Thr) 991 and 1048 in the KCC3a isoform carboxyl-terminus, preventing inhibitory phosphorylation at these sites, not only significantly up-regulates KCC3a activity up to 25-fold in normally inhibitory isotonic conditions, but is also accompanied by reversal of activity of the related bumetanide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1).	Alanine	31-34	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	412-417
12697759-6	2003	Together these inactivating substitutions identified seven NR1 residues (Ile-385, Gln-387, Glu-388, Thr-500, Asn-502, Ala-696, and Val-717) that undergo proximity-induced covalent coupling with specific regions of the bound antagonist and disclose its mode of docking in the glycine binding pocket of the NMDA receptor.	Alanine	118-121	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-62
26035384-4	2015	Transgenic fly lines systematically expressing all combinations of His>Ala substitutions in Abeta were generated and used to study the pathological role of these residues.	Alanine	71-74	beta amyloid protein precursor-like	Drosophila melanogaster	92-97
12624098-4	2003	Mutation of Thr-62 (to Ala) in PDEgamma produced a GRK2 phosphorylation-resistant mutant that was less effective in associating with GRK2 in response to epidermal growth factor and did not potentiate the stimulation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by this growth factor.	Alanine	23-26	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	219-222
12624098-6	2003	The mutation of Thr-22 (to Ala) in PDEgamma, which is a site for phosphorylation by p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulted in a prolonged activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by epidermal growth factor, suggesting a role for this phosphorylation event in the negative feedback control of PDEgamma.	Alanine	27-30	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	84-87
12624098-6	2003	The mutation of Thr-22 (to Ala) in PDEgamma, which is a site for phosphorylation by p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, resulted in a prolonged activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase by epidermal growth factor, suggesting a role for this phosphorylation event in the negative feedback control of PDEgamma.	Alanine	27-30	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	164-167
25896913-8	2015	Interestingly, an N-terminal alanine expansion in PABPN1 that is thought to cause oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy cannot completely rescue the effects of PABPN1 depletion, suggesting that this pathway may have relevance to disease.	Alanine	29-36	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
25959287-5	2015	By means of partial least squares regression, an excellent correlation was found between the PrP(Sc) amount and the (1)H NMR metabolite profile of infected (S and A) sheep, and the metabolite mostly correlated with PrP(Sc) was alanine.	Alanine	227-234	major prion protein	Ovis aries	93-96
25959287-6	2015	The overall results, obtained using different chemometric tools, were able to describe a brain metabolite profile of infected sheep with and without clinical signs, compared to healthy ones, and indicated alanine as a biomarker for PrP(Sc) amounts in scrapie brains.	Alanine	205-212	major prion protein	Ovis aries	232-235
25774549-4	2015	However, rat islets exhibited a more pronounced glucose-provoked increase of glutamate, glycerol-3-phosphate, succinate, and lactate levels, whereas INS-1 832/13 cells showed a higher glucose-elicited increase in glucose-6-phosphate, alanine, isocitrate, and alpha-ketoglutarate levels.	Alanine	234-241	insulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
25855358-7	2015	Structural studies revealed that the self-peptide-HLA-B*18:01 complex is a structural mimic of the EBV peptide-HLA-B*18:01 complex, and that the strong antiviral T cell response is primarily dependent on the alanine/arginine mismatch at position 7.	Alanine	208-215	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	50-55
25701231-1	2015	The sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2/SAT2/ATA2) is expressed in the mammary gland (MG) and plays an important role in the uptake of alanine and glutamine which are the most abundant amino acids transported into this tissue during lactation.	Alanine	154-161	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
25634959-5	2015	A cell-based assay combined with alanine scanning mutagenesis demonstrated that the target cleavage motif for dTaspase1 (Q(3)[F/I/L/M](2)D(1) G(1")X(2")X(3")) differs significantly from the human ortholog (Q(3)[F,I,L,V](2)D(1) G(1")x(2")D(3")D(4")), predicting an enlarged degradome containing 70 substrates for Drosophila.	Alanine	33-40	Taspase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	110-119
25794346-4	2015	For the 20-residue alanine alpha helix, the preliminary implementation of the FMO-CIM method captures 99.6% of the MP2 correlation energy, requiring 21% of the MP2 wall time.	Alanine	19-26	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
25794346-4	2015	For the 20-residue alanine alpha helix, the preliminary implementation of the FMO-CIM method captures 99.6% of the MP2 correlation energy, requiring 21% of the MP2 wall time.	Alanine	19-26	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
25854427-8	2015	Computational prediction and immunoprecipitation using several constructs having Ser to Ala mutation at potential p-Ser sites of TCTP revealed that insulin phosphorylated the serine-9 and -15 residues of TCTP.	Alanine	88-91	tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
25854427-8	2015	Computational prediction and immunoprecipitation using several constructs having Ser to Ala mutation at potential p-Ser sites of TCTP revealed that insulin phosphorylated the serine-9 and -15 residues of TCTP.	Alanine	88-91	tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1	Homo sapiens	204-208
25202991-6	2015	However, both DIP and GLN+ALA supplements enhanced HSF1 expression (in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions) in relation to exercised controls.	Alanine	26-29	heat shock transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
25202991-11	2015	In conclusion, oral administration with DIP and GLN+ALA supplements in endurance-trained rats improve liver glutamine-GSH axis and modulate HSF1 pathway.	Alanine	52-55	heat shock transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
26122242-4	2015	A single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the exon 4 of GLO 1 gene that causes an amino acid substitution of Ala for Glu (Ala111Glu).	Alanine	118-121	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	65-70
25427005-0	2015	Alanine mutants of the interface residues of human thymidylate synthase decode key features of the binding mode of allosteric anticancer peptides.	Alanine	0-7	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	51-71
25595103-11	2015	Docking of orphan human cytochrome P450 4X1 with arachidonic acid revealed that TYR 112, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, THR 312, LEU 315, ALA 316, ASP 319, THR 320, PHE 491 and ILE 492 residues were actively participating in the interaction, while docking of CYP4X1 with anandamide showed that TYR 112, GLN 114, PRO 118, ALA 126, ILE 222, ILE 223, SER 251, LEU 315, ALA 316 and PHE 491 key residues were involved in strong interaction.	Alanine	89-92	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily X member 1	Homo sapiens	24-43
26544978-10	2015	This mix is different in nonstressed conditions, containing substantially increased amounts of the nonessential amino acids glutamine, alanine, glycine and (hydroxy)proline.	Alanine	135-142	Mix paired-like homeobox	Homo sapiens	5-8
25414336-9	2014	Alanine-repeat expansion appeared to prevent CoAZ separation from paraspeckles, resulting in their complete colocalization.	Alanine	0-7	RBM14-RBM4 readthrough	Homo sapiens	45-49
24913191-5	2014	Mice expressing a mutant version of Shh (Shh(Ala/Ala)), with impaired binding to proteoglycan co-receptors, exhibit disproportionately small olfactory bulbs containing fewer glomeruli.	Alanine	45-48	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	36-39
12650886-8	2003	Opposite shifts of gating properties were elicited by mutation of serine to alanine (S483ASCN5A and S663ASCN5A) in the SGK consensus sequences of SCN5A.	Alanine	76-83	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	90-95
24913191-5	2014	Mice expressing a mutant version of Shh (Shh(Ala/Ala)), with impaired binding to proteoglycan co-receptors, exhibit disproportionately small olfactory bulbs containing fewer glomeruli.	Alanine	45-48	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	41-44
24913191-5	2014	Mice expressing a mutant version of Shh (Shh(Ala/Ala)), with impaired binding to proteoglycan co-receptors, exhibit disproportionately small olfactory bulbs containing fewer glomeruli.	Alanine	49-52	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	36-39
24913191-5	2014	Mice expressing a mutant version of Shh (Shh(Ala/Ala)), with impaired binding to proteoglycan co-receptors, exhibit disproportionately small olfactory bulbs containing fewer glomeruli.	Alanine	49-52	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	41-44
24913191-8	2014	In addition, mature Shh(Ala/Ala) mice exhibit decreased proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ), with particular reduction in neurogenesis of calbindin-expressing periglomerular cells.	Alanine	24-27	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	20-23
12458200-6	2003	We further identified eight Aurora-B phosphorylation sites, including Ser-72 on vimentin, and then constructed the mutant vimentin in which these identified sites are changed into Ala.	Alanine	180-183	vimentin	Homo sapiens	122-130
24913191-8	2014	In addition, mature Shh(Ala/Ala) mice exhibit decreased proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ), with particular reduction in neurogenesis of calbindin-expressing periglomerular cells.	Alanine	28-31	sonic hedgehog	Mus musculus	20-23
25364462-11	2014	This activity was reduced in cells overexpressing cyclin O, in which the 81st serine had been replaced with alanine (S81A).	Alanine	108-115	cyclin O	Homo sapiens	50-58
12527723-6	2003	hPAT1 interacted with glycine, L-alanine, L-proline, alpha-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) and gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), as evidenced from direct transport measurements and from competition experiments with MeAIB as a transport substrate.	Alanine	31-40	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
12527723-7	2003	hPAT1 also recognized the D-isomers of alanine and proline.	Alanine	39-46	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
25450693-5	2014	Ser29/30 mutation to Alanine inhibited ARNO interaction and was sufficient to block RLIP76-dependent cell spreading and migration, as well as RLIP76-dependent Arf6 activation.	Alanine	21-28	ralA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
12409295-7	2003	Folding of both TnT-(1-156) and whole troponin was promoted by replacing bovine TnT Thr-104 with human TnT Ala-104, further indicating the importance of this cardiomyopathy site residue for protein folding.	Alanine	107-110	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	16-19
25450693-5	2014	Ser29/30 mutation to Alanine inhibited ARNO interaction and was sufficient to block RLIP76-dependent cell spreading and migration, as well as RLIP76-dependent Arf6 activation.	Alanine	21-28	ralA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	142-148
25450693-5	2014	Ser29/30 mutation to Alanine inhibited ARNO interaction and was sufficient to block RLIP76-dependent cell spreading and migration, as well as RLIP76-dependent Arf6 activation.	Alanine	21-28	ADP ribosylation factor 6	Homo sapiens	159-163
12949622-7	2003	The latter mutation changes an amino acid sequence in the STAT5A protein - a Val/Ala substitution at position 686.	Alanine	81-84	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Bos taurus	58-64
25378165-7	2014	Phosphorylation-deficient knock-in mice (Girdin(SA/SA) mice), in which S1416 is replaced with alanine, exhibited shrinkage of spines, deficit of hippocampal long-term potentiation, and memory impairment.	Alanine	94-101	coiled coil domain containing 88A	Mus musculus	41-47
12576767-10	2003	Decreasing of acceptor activity of tRNA for alanine under experimental myocardial ischemia in winter correlate with increasing of activity of alanyl-tRNA synthetase.	Alanine	44-51	alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic	Oryctolagus cuniculus	142-164
24965890-6	2014	On the other hand, GABA-induced Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4-CREB was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	201-208	galectin 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
14693178-6	2003	Mab A-5 also reacted to a lesser extent to FIXD276A (factor IX with alanine substitution for aspartic acid at residue 276) and FIXK201A/D203A (double alanine substitutions at residues 201 and 203).	Alanine	68-75	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-26	Homo sapiens	4-7
24965890-6	2014	On the other hand, GABA-induced Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4-CREB was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	201-208	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
24965890-6	2014	On the other hand, GABA-induced Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4-CREB was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	201-208	galectin 4	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
12454455-2	2002	In a previous study using a model system of Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), it was shown that mutating Lys residues to Ala results in enhanced crystallizability, particularly when clusters of lysines are targeted.	Alanine	152-155	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-106
24965890-6	2014	On the other hand, GABA-induced Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4-CREB was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	201-208	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
12454455-4	2002	In the current paper, an analysis of the impact of surface mutations replacing Glu residues with Ala or Asp on the stability and crystallization properties of RhoGDI is presented.	Alanine	97-100	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	159-165
25538540-10	2014	One of these novel FUT1 alleles showed nucleotide 35C&gt;T and 748C&gt;T site mutations that resulted in amino acid substitution of Ala to Val and Trp to Arg at positions 11 and 250, respectively.	Alanine	132-135	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-23
12226077-10	2002	A mutant form of p85 betaPIX (S525A/T526A), in which the major phosphorylation sites are replaced by alanine, shows significant defect in targeting.	Alanine	101-108	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7	Rattus norvegicus	21-28
12445460-4	2002	Both the N-terminal regulatory domain of annexin XI (Anx11N) and the ALG-2-binding domain of Alix/AIP1 are rich in Pro, Gly, Ala, Tyr and Gln.	Alanine	125-128	programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	93-97
12445460-4	2002	Both the N-terminal regulatory domain of annexin XI (Anx11N) and the ALG-2-binding domain of Alix/AIP1 are rich in Pro, Gly, Ala, Tyr and Gln.	Alanine	125-128	programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	98-102
25092893-13	2014	This was done by analyzing F5 mice expressing mutant Zap70 in which these residues had been mutated to alanines (Zap70(YYAA)).	Alanine	103-111	zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase	Mus musculus	53-58
12207034-7	2002	C-terminal truncation constructs were prepared from the full-length chimera with an alanine substitution at the CSF-1 glycosaminoglycan attachment site.	Alanine	84-91	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
25092893-13	2014	This was done by analyzing F5 mice expressing mutant Zap70 in which these residues had been mutated to alanines (Zap70(YYAA)).	Alanine	103-111	zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase	Mus musculus	113-118
12221279-7	2002	Mutation of serine 104, the site of phosphorylation by protein kinase A in ARPP-19, to either alanine or aspartate abolished this regulation in PC12 cells.	Alanine	94-101	cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19	Rattus norvegicus	75-82
25113908-0	2014	HIV-1 Vpu mediated downregulation of CD155 requires alanine residues 10, 14 and 18 of the transmembrane domain.	Alanine	52-59	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	37-42
12068020-1	2002	The functional epitope of thrombin recognizing thrombomodulin was mapped using Ala-scanning mutagenesis of 54 residues located around the active site, the Na(+) binding loop, the 186-loop, the autolysis loop, exosite I, and exosite II.	Alanine	79-82	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	47-61
12068020-6	2002	Finally, the Ala substitution of two negatively charged residues in exosite II, Asp(100) and Asp(178), is found unexpectedly to significantly increase thrombomodulin binding.	Alanine	13-16	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	151-165
25113908-2	2014	Here we show that the conserved alanine residues at positions 10, 14 and 18 in the TM domain of Vpu are required for the efficient downregulation of cell surface CD155.	Alanine	32-39	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	162-167
12215278-9	2002	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT is an effective, non-traumatic treatment for patients with BCC, SCC, Bowen and Paget diseases.	Alanine	13-16	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	85-88
25161735-1	2014	The Strecker reaction of acetaldehyde, NH3, and HCN to afford alanine was studied by DFT calculations for the first time, which involves two reaction stages.	Alanine	62-69	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
11997397-4	2002	The insertion of an alanine between Pro-1 and Met-2 (PAM) abolishes a non-physiological catalytic activity, and this mutant is defective in the in vitro glucocorticoid counter-regulatory activity of MIF.	Alanine	20-27	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	36-41
11960982-6	2002	Mutation to alanine of aromatic residues (Tyr-652 or Phe-656) located in the S6 domain of HERG greatly reduced the potency of channel block by chloroquine (IC(50) &gt; 1 mm at 0 mV).	Alanine	12-19	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
12069594-1	2002	The structure of [Ala(31), Pro(32)]-NPY, a neuropeptide Y mutant with selectivity for the NPY Y(5)-receptor (Cabrele, C., Wieland, H. A., Stidsen, C., Beck-Sickinger, A. G., (2002) Biochemistry XX, XXXX-XXXX (companion paper)), has been characterized in the presence of the membrane mimetic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles using high-resolution NMR techniques.	Alanine	18-21	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	36-39
12069594-2	2002	The overall topology closely resembles the fold of the previously described Y(5)-receptor-selective agonist [Ala(31), Aib(32)]-NPY (Cabrele, C., Langer, M., Bader, R., Wieland, H. A., Doods, H. N., Zerbe, O., and Beck-Sickinger, A. G. (2000) J. Biol.	Alanine	109-112	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	127-130
25025378-7	2014	RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031-3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (&gt;=20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010-4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates.	Alanine	70-73	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
12069594-11	2002	However, signal reductions due to efficient electron, nuclear spin relaxation were much less pronounced for the surface-averted residues in [Ala(31), Pro(32)]-NPY when compared to wild-type DPC-bound NPY.	Alanine	141-144	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	159-162
12069594-13	2002	The postulation of a different membrane binding mode of [Ala(31), Pro(32)]-NPY is further supported by the faster H/D exchange at the C-terminal amide protons.	Alanine	57-60	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	75-78
12069595-8	2002	These results suggest that the selectivity of the Ala(31)-Aib(32) motif for the Y(5)-receptor derives from a specific conformation that must be correlated with the bioactive conformation of NPY at this subtype.	Alanine	50-53	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	190-193
25025378-7	2014	RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031-3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (&gt;=20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010-4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates.	Alanine	74-77	ERCC excision repair 1, endonuclease non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
12086585-3	2002	Deletion or alanine substitution of four amino acid residues of this loop in the p51 subunit severely impaired DNA binding and catalytic activities of the enzyme.	Alanine	12-19	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	81-84
24169525-5	2014	Germline mutations in the HRAS gene, especially p.(Gly12Ser/Ala), cause Costello Syndrome (CS), a severe congenital disorder.	Alanine	60-63	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	26-30
11937500-3	2002	The expression of rat NHE3 significantly decreased PKA-dependent activation of CFTR without altering CFTR expression, and this decrease was prevented by mutation of either of the two rat NHE3 PKA target serines to alanine (S552A or S605A).	Alanine	214-221	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
11937500-3	2002	The expression of rat NHE3 significantly decreased PKA-dependent activation of CFTR without altering CFTR expression, and this decrease was prevented by mutation of either of the two rat NHE3 PKA target serines to alanine (S552A or S605A).	Alanine	214-221	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
24696466-4	2014	We show that alanine substitution of N-terminal residues predicted to be available for NP-NP interaction strongly affected NP self-association, as determined by coimmunoprecipitation assays, produced a drastic inhibition of transcription and replication of a TCRV minigenome RNA, and impaired NP binding to RNA.	Alanine	13-20	nucleoprotein	Tacaribe mammarenavirus	87-89
12047443-12	2002	Peptides with alanine at the naturally polymorphic residue 124 stimulated and inhibited responses to Der p 1 more effectively, while peptides with the valine 124 variant were immunogenic but poorly cross-reactive.	Alanine	14-21	zinc finger protein 185	Mus musculus	105-108
12115638-5	2002	Substitution of S336, S348, and the basic cluster R337K338 by alanines within this region significantly impaired both moesin binding and PSGL-1 polarization.	Alanine	62-70	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	137-143
24696466-4	2014	We show that alanine substitution of N-terminal residues predicted to be available for NP-NP interaction strongly affected NP self-association, as determined by coimmunoprecipitation assays, produced a drastic inhibition of transcription and replication of a TCRV minigenome RNA, and impaired NP binding to RNA.	Alanine	13-20	nucleoprotein	Tacaribe mammarenavirus	90-92
23359517-7	2014	The interposed amino acids are also important as their mutation to alanines leads to a loss of OPN-c effects.	Alanine	67-75	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
11912188-4	2002	Transfection experiments with hsp27 mutants in which specific serine phosphorylation residues (Ser(78) and Ser(82)) were substituted with alanines or aspartic acids showed that phosphorylation of HSP27 is accompanied by its nuclear translocation.	Alanine	138-146	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
11912188-4	2002	Transfection experiments with hsp27 mutants in which specific serine phosphorylation residues (Ser(78) and Ser(82)) were substituted with alanines or aspartic acids showed that phosphorylation of HSP27 is accompanied by its nuclear translocation.	Alanine	138-146	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	196-201
11912188-9	2002	In accordance with actin filament stability, the survival rate against the heat shock increased markedly in Asp(15,78,82)-hsp27 expressing HiB5 cells but decreased in Ala(15,78,82)-hsp27 expressing cells.	Alanine	167-170	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	181-186
11880385-9	2002	Alanine substitution of all the acidic residues in the second extracellular loop of the T903-Rhoc receptor significantly impairs activation by metal ions and organic polycations in the presence of NPS 568 but not the synergistic activation of Ca(2+) with poly-l-Arginine.	Alanine	0-7	ras homolog family member C	Homo sapiens	93-97
24700463-10	2014	However, mutants in which the proline residue positions 178 or 183 of SelS were changed to alanine or were deleted did not interact with p97(VCP).	Alanine	91-98	selenoprotein S	Homo sapiens	70-74
11964291-0	2002	Alanine-170 and proline-172 are critical determinants for extracellular CD20 epitopes; heterogeneity in the fine specificity of CD20 monoclonal antibodies is defined by additional requirements imposed by both amino acid sequence and quaternary structure.	Alanine	0-7	membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	72-76
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24486325-1	2014	Alanine expansion mutations in poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) cause muscle weakness in the late-onset disorder oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.	Alanine	0-7	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	31-64
12073020-8	2002	The alanine tract elongation may prevent protein-protein interactions of the mutant HOXA13, thereby inducing a localized heterochrony in the sequence of distal limb and genitourinary development.	Alanine	4-11	homeobox A13	Homo sapiens	84-90
12132693-1	2002	The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of L-alanine (Ala) on suckling rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on eel Electrophorus electricus pure AChE inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Phe) as well as to investigate whether Phe or Ala is a competitive inhibitor or an effector of the enzyme.	Alanine	62-71	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
12132693-1	2002	The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of L-alanine (Ala) on suckling rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on eel Electrophorus electricus pure AChE inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Phe) as well as to investigate whether Phe or Ala is a competitive inhibitor or an effector of the enzyme.	Alanine	73-76	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	100-120
12132693-1	2002	The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of L-alanine (Ala) on suckling rat brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and on eel Electrophorus electricus pure AChE inhibited by L-phenylalanine (Phe) as well as to investigate whether Phe or Ala is a competitive inhibitor or an effector of the enzyme.	Alanine	73-76	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
11742007-6	2002	Furthermore, we show that the apparent dissociation constant ((app)K(d)) values for Fe(2+) binding at both sites were affected in PARN polypeptides in which the conserved acidic amino acid residues were substituted to alanine.	Alanine	218-225	poly(A)-specific ribonuclease	Homo sapiens	130-134
24486325-1	2014	Alanine expansion mutations in poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) cause muscle weakness in the late-onset disorder oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.	Alanine	0-7	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
11734558-1	2002	In an attempt to determine which amino acid(s) of LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, plays a critical role in the interaction with CCR5, we generated six LD78beta variants with an amino acid substituted to Ala at the NH(2) terminus of LD78beta.	Alanine	240-243	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	79-117
24722415-6	2014	Conversion of Asn36, which plays a role in domain closure by making a hydrogen bond with GlcNAc, to Ala (i.e., N36A) mildly reduced NAGK enzyme activity.	Alanine	100-103	N-acetylglucosamine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
11861546-4	2002	Analyses of mutants carrying 1 of 34 "surface-targeted" alanine scanning mutations in TRF4 have identified those regions required for Pol sigma"s essential function, for its role in DNA double-strand break repair, and for its association with chromosomes.	Alanine	56-63	non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
24361130-3	2014	Here we examined 17 potential phosphorylation residues in Hsf4b with alanine-scanning assays and found that a T472A mutation diminished Hsf4b-mediated expression of Hsp25 and alphaB-crystallin.	Alanine	69-76	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	165-170
11880164-2	2002	The CTLA-4 polymorphisms genotyped were a 3" untranslated (AT)(n) microsatellite and an alanine/threonine RFLP of exon 1.	Alanine	88-95	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
24366866-2	2014	Here we mutated Trp-116 in human LTC4S, a residue proposed to play a key role in substrate binding, into an Ala or Phe.	Alanine	108-111	leukotriene C4 synthase	Homo sapiens	33-38
11694540-2	2002	We produced a recombinant full-length chicken alpha-tropomyosin containing a 5-hydroxytryptophan residue at position 269 (formerly an alanine), 15 residues from the C terminus, and show that its fluorescence intensity specifically reports tropomyosin head-to-tail interactions.	Alanine	134-141	tropomyosin 1	Gallus gallus	46-63
24200862-11	2014	Deprotonation at C-4" and reprotonation of the alpha-carbon gives the external aldimine of l-alanine, which releases the second product, l-alanine.	Alanine	91-100	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-20
11739292-9	2001	To identify the PKC-responsive site, 7 consensus PKC phosphorylation sites of AE3fl were individually mutated to alanine.	Alanine	113-120	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	16-19
24200862-11	2014	Deprotonation at C-4" and reprotonation of the alpha-carbon gives the external aldimine of l-alanine, which releases the second product, l-alanine.	Alanine	137-146	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	17-20
11698233-4	2001	When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and in mammalian cells, rat SN2 mediates Na(+)-dependent transport of several neutral amino acids, including glycine, asparagine, alanine, serine, glutamine, and histidine.	Alanine	171-178	solute carrier family 38, member 5	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
24259428-9	2014	Functional analyses of alanine mutants in P2 Cox argue for the importance of key residues for protein function.	Alanine	23-30	regulatory cox family protein	Bacteriophage P2	45-48
11846517-7	2001	This mutation results in Val--&gt;Ala substitution at codon 64 of connexin50 (Cx50) also known as lens membrane protein 70 (MP70).	Alanine	34-37	gap junction protein, alpha 8	Mus musculus	66-76
24191653-5	2014	In this study, a selective binding site that can differentiate beta-catenin/Tcf, beta-catenin/cadherin, and beta-catenin/APC interactions was identified by alanine scanning and biochemical assays.	Alanine	156-163	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-75
11846517-7	2001	This mutation results in Val--&gt;Ala substitution at codon 64 of connexin50 (Cx50) also known as lens membrane protein 70 (MP70).	Alanine	34-37	gap junction protein, alpha 8	Mus musculus	78-82
24191653-5	2014	In this study, a selective binding site that can differentiate beta-catenin/Tcf, beta-catenin/cadherin, and beta-catenin/APC interactions was identified by alanine scanning and biochemical assays.	Alanine	156-163	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	81-93
11700073-6	2001	Characterization of 15 CCR5 alanine scanning mutants of charged extracellular amino acids revealed that alteration of acidic residues in the distal N-ter abrogated binding of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and vMIP-II.	Alanine	28-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	183-194
24191653-5	2014	In this study, a selective binding site that can differentiate beta-catenin/Tcf, beta-catenin/cadherin, and beta-catenin/APC interactions was identified by alanine scanning and biochemical assays.	Alanine	156-163	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	81-93
11827161-2	2001	In addition, S. cerevisiae in which serine-46 of Cdc28 has been mutated to alanine show a decrease of 33% in both cell volume and protein content, providing the genetic evidence that CK2 is involved in the regulation of budding yeast cell division cycle, and suggesting that this regulation may be brought about in G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle.	Alanine	75-82	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-54
24344772-7	2014	To verify this, we have produced two variants of the HER2-targeting ZHER2:342 Affibody molecule by peptide synthesis: OA-PEP4313, where aminooxyacetic acid was conjugated directly to the N-terminal alanine, and OA-E3-PEP4313, where a triglutamyl spacer was introduced between the aminooxy moiety and the N-terminus.	Alanine	198-205	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	53-57
11601995-4	2001	Seven site-specific point mutants of MDP-1 were produced by modifying the catalytic aspartate, serine, and lysine residues to asparagine or glutamate, alanine, and arginine, respectively.	Alanine	151-158	magnesium dependent phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
24422669-5	2014	Single alanine replacement of select amino acids spanning residues 25-30 (25VXHXMY30) reduced the ability for Vif to bind Cul5, but not CBF-beta or Elo B/C in pull-down experiments.	Alanine	7-14	cullin 5	Homo sapiens	122-126
11574067-8	2001	In addition, the mutation of Arg(63) to either alanine or glutamine increased the apparent K(m) values for porcine cytochrome b5 (Pb5), while changing Arg(63) to lysine did not.	Alanine	47-54	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	115-128
11683413-6	2001	However, one set of analogous Ala substitutions in the beta1 and beta3 tails differentially affected the ability of the tac-beta3 and tac-beta3 chimeras to activate tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-33	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
24422669-8	2014	Although the Vif N-terminal amino acids were necessary for Cul5 interaction, the mutation of each residue to alanine induced a change in the secondary structure of the Vif-CBF-beta-Elo B/C complex as suggested by results from circular dichroism spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography experiments.	Alanine	109-116	core-binding factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	172-180
11683413-6	2001	However, one set of analogous Ala substitutions in the beta1 and beta3 tails differentially affected the ability of the tac-beta3 and tac-beta3 chimeras to activate tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-33	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	124-129
11683413-9	2001	Ala substitutions for the Val residue in the VTT motif of the beta1 tail or for the conserved Asp and Glu residues in the membrane-proximal region of the beta3 tail greatly diminished the ability of tac-beta1 and tac-beta3 to inhibit cell spreading, but had minimal effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	154-159
24399296-8	2014	Furthermore, PS1 cleaved TbetaRI in the transmembrane domain between valine-129 and isoleucine-130, and ICD generation was inhibited when these residues were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	169-176	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	13-16
11683413-9	2001	Ala substitutions for the Val residue in the VTT motif of the beta1 tail or for the conserved Asp and Glu residues in the membrane-proximal region of the beta3 tail greatly diminished the ability of tac-beta1 and tac-beta3 to inhibit cell spreading, but had minimal effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	217-222
11438644-2	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the Cy motif of the cdk inhibitor p21 revealed that the conserved arginine or leucine (constituting the conserved RXL sequence) was important for p21"s ability to inhibit cyclin E-cdk2 activity.	Alanine	0-7	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	203-209
11493738-2	2001	In D category V types I and II, the amino acid at position 226 is alanine, which is typical of the prevalent RHD allele and is observed in all RHCE alleles encoding the antigen e. A proline at position 226 in RHCE encodes the antigen E. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A blood sample of ccDEe phenotype was referred as suspected D category VI.	Alanine	66-73	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	109-112
23178491-11	2014	Mutation of the phosphorylation site in CDK11(p110) to alanine abrogated its splicing-activating activity.	Alanine	55-62	spliceosome associated factor 3, U4/U6 recycling protein	Homo sapiens	46-50
24129578-4	2013	Substituting the hydrophobic core residues, Leu-331, Val-338, and Ile-345, of Hec1 with alanine completely eliminated Nuf2 binding and blocked mitotic progression.	Alanine	88-95	NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex	Homo sapiens	118-122
11369776-8	2001	The spatial arrangements of the first CCPs were found to be important, as introduction of alanine residues between CCPs 1 and 2, CCPs 2 and 3, and CCPs 3 and 4 resulted in functional impairment.	Alanine	90-97	ATP/GTP binding carboxypeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	115-127
11369776-8	2001	The spatial arrangements of the first CCPs were found to be important, as introduction of alanine residues between CCPs 1 and 2, CCPs 2 and 3, and CCPs 3 and 4 resulted in functional impairment.	Alanine	90-97	AGBL carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	129-141
24129578-6	2013	Substituting these corresponding residues with alanine diminished the binding affinity between Hec1 and Nuf2, compromised NDC80 complex formation, and adversely affected mitotic progression.	Alanine	47-54	NUF2 component of NDC80 kinetochore complex	Homo sapiens	104-108
23926128-8	2013	Mutation of these two Ser to Ala in HDAC5 abolished the regulatory role of AMPKalpha1 on myogenin expression, clearly showing the necessity of these phosphorylation sites in mediating myogenin expression.	Alanine	29-32	myogenin	Mus musculus	89-97
11358969-8	2001	Conversion of this cysteine to alanine abolishes dimerization of resistin.	Alanine	31-38	resistin	Homo sapiens	65-73
23926128-8	2013	Mutation of these two Ser to Ala in HDAC5 abolished the regulatory role of AMPKalpha1 on myogenin expression, clearly showing the necessity of these phosphorylation sites in mediating myogenin expression.	Alanine	29-32	myogenin	Mus musculus	184-192
24041696-5	2013	Using the antibody, we show that mutations of GTDC2 identified in Walker-Warburg syndrome and alanine-substitution of conserved residues between GTDC2 and EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase resulted in decreased glycosylation.	Alanine	94-101	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta 1,4-)	Homo sapiens	46-51
11346659-2	2001	Comparison with the effect of wild type with aspartate (D; to mimic phosphorylation) and alanine (A; non-phosphorylatable) mutants of telokin showed that the S13D mutant was more effective than wild type in relaxing smooth muscle at constant calcium.	Alanine	89-96	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	134-141
11432733-9	2001	Alanine substitution for the phosphorylation site, threonine 446, impeded in vivo and in vitro activity of the PKR fusion proteins, while aspartate or glutamate substitutions partially restored the function of the truncated kinase.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
24041696-5	2013	Using the antibody, we show that mutations of GTDC2 identified in Walker-Warburg syndrome and alanine-substitution of conserved residues between GTDC2 and EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase resulted in decreased glycosylation.	Alanine	94-101	protein O-linked mannose N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (beta 1,4-)	Homo sapiens	145-150
11380919-0	2001	Ala/Thr60 variant of the Leydig insulin-like hormone is not associated with cryptorchidism in the Japanese population.	Alanine	0-3	insulin like 3	Homo sapiens	25-52
24116162-3	2013	These differences may be due to a specific residue associated with the MIDAS, particularly the beta3 residue Ala(252) and corresponding Ala in the beta1 integrin compared to the analogous Asp residue in the beta2 and beta7 integrins.	Alanine	109-112	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	95-100
11380919-7	2001	RESULTS: Three of five cases had a heterozygous single-base change, a G to A transition at position 178 of the INSL3 gene, which predicts an alanine (GCC) to threonine (ACC) change at codon 60 (designated A60T).	Alanine	141-148	insulin like 3	Homo sapiens	111-116
11371190-4	2001	We found that the majority of the alanine resonances, including those from reactive center loop residues P12, P11, and P9, were at identical positions in covalent complex and in cleaved alpha(1)PI.	Alanine	34-41	uridylate-specific endoribonuclease	Bos taurus	110-113
23957209-4	2013	Among them, Thr341 in Noxo1 is directly phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, and alanine substitution for this residue reduces not only PMA-induced Noxo1 phosphorylation but also PMA-dependent enhancement of Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production.	Alanine	76-83	NADPH oxidase organizer 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
23957209-4	2013	Among them, Thr341 in Noxo1 is directly phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, and alanine substitution for this residue reduces not only PMA-induced Noxo1 phosphorylation but also PMA-dependent enhancement of Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production.	Alanine	76-83	NADPH oxidase organizer 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
23867601-9	2013	When leaf discs of WT and POR-silenced plants were treated with exogenous ALA both WT and POR-silenced plants accumulated large amounts of tetrapyrrolic intermediates demonstrating that Pchlide biosynthesis potential was not suppressed in POR-silenced plants.	Alanine	74-77	protochlorophyllide reductase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	26-29
11348627-2	2001	Replacement of the C-terminal glycine by L-alanine (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Ala) in orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) abolished the hyperalgesic potency of native orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly), but analgesic activity was retained and was diminished by naloxone.	Alanine	41-50	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	80-91
11348627-2	2001	Replacement of the C-terminal glycine by L-alanine (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Ala) in orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) abolished the hyperalgesic potency of native orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly), but analgesic activity was retained and was diminished by naloxone.	Alanine	41-50	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
11348627-2	2001	Replacement of the C-terminal glycine by L-alanine (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Ala) in orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) abolished the hyperalgesic potency of native orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly), but analgesic activity was retained and was diminished by naloxone.	Alanine	41-50	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	154-165
11348627-2	2001	Replacement of the C-terminal glycine by L-alanine (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Ala) in orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) abolished the hyperalgesic potency of native orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) (Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly), but analgesic activity was retained and was diminished by naloxone.	Alanine	41-50	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
11348627-3	2001	Removal of the C-terminal amino acid (glycine or alanine) from orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) caused a significant loss of analgesic activity.	Alanine	49-56	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	63-74
11348627-3	2001	Removal of the C-terminal amino acid (glycine or alanine) from orphanin FQ/nociceptin-(1-6) caused a significant loss of analgesic activity.	Alanine	49-56	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
11278834-3	2001	We found that a novel Ran mutant with four of its five acidic C-terminal amino acids modified to alanine (RanC4A) has an approximately 20-fold reduced affinity for RanBP1.	Alanine	97-104	RAN, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	22-25
11278834-3	2001	We found that a novel Ran mutant with four of its five acidic C-terminal amino acids modified to alanine (RanC4A) has an approximately 20-fold reduced affinity for RanBP1.	Alanine	97-104	RAN binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	164-170
23867601-9	2013	When leaf discs of WT and POR-silenced plants were treated with exogenous ALA both WT and POR-silenced plants accumulated large amounts of tetrapyrrolic intermediates demonstrating that Pchlide biosynthesis potential was not suppressed in POR-silenced plants.	Alanine	74-77	protochlorophyllide reductase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	90-93
11284698-5	2001	No restricted specificity was found for P(1)" as found in thermolysin as well for P(1) substrate position, however the modifications at this position (P(1)) showed to have large influence on the catalytic constant and the best substrates for TOP contained at P(1), Phe, Ala, or Arg and for neurolysin Asn or Arg.	Alanine	270-273	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	290-300
23867601-9	2013	When leaf discs of WT and POR-silenced plants were treated with exogenous ALA both WT and POR-silenced plants accumulated large amounts of tetrapyrrolic intermediates demonstrating that Pchlide biosynthesis potential was not suppressed in POR-silenced plants.	Alanine	74-77	protochlorophyllide reductase-like	Nicotiana tabacum	90-93
23146902-7	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutations that blocked phosphorylation resulted in delayed recruitment of both NBN and ATM to DSBs.	Alanine	10-17	nibrin	Homo sapiens	97-100
11289037-6	2001	Accounting for these metabolic fluxes: 1) the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (required for the utilization of glutamine) is strongly induced at the mRNA and enzyme levels in insulinopenia; 2) the glycerokinase gene is expressed, but not induced; 3) the pyruvate carboxylase gene (required for the utilization of alanine and lactate) is repressed by 80% at the enzyme level in insulinopenia.	Alanine	320-327	glycerol kinase	Rattus norvegicus	204-217
11333309-5	2001	A remarkable feature of pea SCR protein was the presence of asparagine stretches at the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain, which was distinct from the occurrence of glutamine or alanine stretches in the Arabidopsis or maize SCR.	Alanine	189-196	GRAS family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
23146902-7	2013	Serine-to-alanine mutations that blocked phosphorylation resulted in delayed recruitment of both NBN and ATM to DSBs.	Alanine	10-17	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	105-108
24371493-11	2013	Only, the activity of Glo1, which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the glyoxalase pathway, had an increasing trend in (+) ALA group.	Alanine	125-128	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	22-26
11313925-8	2001	Exogenous expression of c-Myb with substitutions of serines 11 and 12 with glutamic acid or alanine had no effect on the transactivation of a c-Myb responsive reporter.	Alanine	92-99	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	24-29
23815775-6	2013	An alanine substitution scan revealed that Asp34, Asp35, Asn96 and Glu101 in two peptides with the highest binding index are the critical residues in SRCR1 interaction with gp120.	Alanine	3-10	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
11121406-7	2001	An IGFBP-1 mutant in which Gln(66)-Gln(67) had been altered to Ala(66)-Ala(67) (Q66A/Q67A) was relatively resistant to polymerization by Tg compared with native IGFBP-1.	Alanine	63-66	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	3-10
11134011-9	2001	Activity was partially recovered by subsequent alanine mutation of a cluster of two serines and two threonines in IC-IV of either B1(B2ICIV) or B1(B2ICIV)A(121), a cluster that is important for B2R desensitization.	Alanine	47-54	bradykinin receptor B2	Homo sapiens	194-197
23585690-7	2013	Mutating these sites to alanines promoted PPARalpha target gene expression.	Alanine	24-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	42-51
11118455-1	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the second extracellular loop of the human lutropin receptor (hLHR) showed that mutation of most of the residues present in this region either enhance or impair the internalization of agonist.	Alanine	0-7	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	94-98
11237870-9	2001	Interestingly, when all six putative Cdc28 phosphorylation sites in Cdc6p were changed to alanine, a 6-7-fold increase in binding to Mcm2p was observed.	Alanine	90-97	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-138
23686495-8	2013	The E2 region contained a predicted Lck substrate site, and substitution of an alanine or histidine for the tyrosine reversed TCR-signaling inhibition.	Alanine	79-86	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	126-129
11307818-2	2001	Replacement of these two residues with alanine in a soluble version of human tissue factor resulted in a mutant, hTFAA, which can bind factor VIIa but forms an enzymatically inactive complex.	Alanine	39-46	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	77-90
23727112-4	2013	Here, we show that a 53BP1 phosphomutant, 53BP18A, comprising alanine substitutions of the eight most N-terminal S/TQ phosphorylation sites, mimics 53BP1 deficiency by restoring genome stability in BRCA1-deficient cells yet behaves like wild-type 53BP1 with respect to immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR).	Alanine	62-69	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
11053418-6	2001	Site-directed mutagenesis further revealed that a mutation of the KRK cluster to three alanine residues completely blocked the localization of FEN-1 into the nucleus, whereas mutagenesis of the KKK cluster led to a partial defect of nuclear localization in HeLa cells without observable phenotype in yeast.	Alanine	87-94	flap structure-specific endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
10880516-8	2001	In this work, the beta-stranded Leu/Ile residues in all LRRs of the human LHR and FSHR were Ala-scanned and characterized.	Alanine	92-95	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	74-77
23727112-4	2013	Here, we show that a 53BP1 phosphomutant, 53BP18A, comprising alanine substitutions of the eight most N-terminal S/TQ phosphorylation sites, mimics 53BP1 deficiency by restoring genome stability in BRCA1-deficient cells yet behaves like wild-type 53BP1 with respect to immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR).	Alanine	62-69	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23727112-4	2013	Here, we show that a 53BP1 phosphomutant, 53BP18A, comprising alanine substitutions of the eight most N-terminal S/TQ phosphorylation sites, mimics 53BP1 deficiency by restoring genome stability in BRCA1-deficient cells yet behaves like wild-type 53BP1 with respect to immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR).	Alanine	62-69	tumor protein p53 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
24371477-9	2013	OUTCOMES: In the (+) ALA group only IL-1alpha (- 9.9% +- 3.7, P = 0.013) and IL-6 (- 26.5% +- 8.2, P = 0.003) significantly decreased during the study period.	Alanine	21-24	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	36-45
23572518-4	2013	Serum levels of both alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were also lower after intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen in mice expressing an inactive form of Cot/tpl2 compared with Wt mice, suggesting that Cot/tpl2 activity contributes to acetaminophen-induced liver injury.	Alanine	21-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Mus musculus	165-168
11013245-4	2001	The epitope recognized by p13(SUC1) includes the proline at position +1 of the phosphothreonine, as was shown by the decrease in affinity for a mutated CDC25 phosphopeptide, containing an alanine/proline substitution.	Alanine	188-195	H3 histone pseudogene 6	Homo sapiens	26-29
11168890-6	2001	Synthesis of NH2-VYPWMK hexapeptide confirmed this prediction; and an alanine scan of HOXD4 ablated binding by mAb 10D11 when amino acids in the putative epitope were mutated.	Alanine	70-77	homeobox D4	Homo sapiens	86-91
12741813-2	2003	The X-ray crystal structure of a catalytic site mutant of beta-amylase, E172A (Glu172 --&gt; Ala), from Bacillus cereus var.	Alanine	93-96	beta-amylase	Glycine max	58-70
23572518-4	2013	Serum levels of both alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were also lower after intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen in mice expressing an inactive form of Cot/tpl2 compared with Wt mice, suggesting that Cot/tpl2 activity contributes to acetaminophen-induced liver injury.	Alanine	21-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8	Mus musculus	165-173
23539726-9	2013	RESULTS: A heterozygous missense mutation (c.1589C&gt;T) was identified in exon 12 of HIF2A, resulting in an alanine 530 substitution in the HIF-2alpha protein with valine (A530V).	Alanine	109-116	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
12729622-1	2003	The active site glutamate, Glu 309, of the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase was mutated to glutamine, alanine, and valine.	Alanine	104-111	aminopeptidase puromycin sensitive	Homo sapiens	43-77
11134339-5	2001	Site-directed mutagenesis of two clusters (I and II) of serines near the N terminus to alanine resulted in an enhanced nuclear accumulation of Bcy1 in ethanol-grown cells.	Alanine	87-94	cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit BCY1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	143-147
12719559-7	2003	Alanine substitutions of K(152) and K(154) or K(160) and K(161) impaired IE1 binding to 28-mer DNA as a homodimer, indicating that these basic residues are required for enhancer binding.	Alanine	0-7	early gene transactivator	Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus	73-76
23539726-9	2013	RESULTS: A heterozygous missense mutation (c.1589C&gt;T) was identified in exon 12 of HIF2A, resulting in an alanine 530 substitution in the HIF-2alpha protein with valine (A530V).	Alanine	109-116	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Homo sapiens	141-151
12035060-6	2001	Compared with the wild type, mutations of Ser (beta3) to Met, Ala and Cys caused decrease of K(m) values by 52.27%, 43.18% and 38.64%, respectively.	Alanine	62-65	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
23374072-1	2013	The genetic missense A30P mutation of the wild-type alpha-synuclein protein results in the replacement of the 30th amino acid residue from alanine (Ala) to proline (Pro) and was initially found in the members of a German family who developed Parkinson"s disease.	Alanine	139-146	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	52-67
11338505-3	2001	The familial medullary thyroid carcinoma burdened genealogy shows a new point mutation TCG(Ser)--&gt;GCG(Ala) in codon 891, in the exon 15 of the protooncogene RET.	Alanine	105-108	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	160-163
12871373-4	2003	To identify the epitope, a rational approach was used to design various PAI-1 alanine mutants (n = 16) for evaluation of their affinity.	Alanine	78-85	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
23374072-1	2013	The genetic missense A30P mutation of the wild-type alpha-synuclein protein results in the replacement of the 30th amino acid residue from alanine (Ala) to proline (Pro) and was initially found in the members of a German family who developed Parkinson"s disease.	Alanine	148-151	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	52-67
22933181-7	2013	Molecular modeling of the retroviral domain of the Ddi1-like Leishmania protein revealed a dimer structure that contained a double Asp-Ser-Gly-Ala amino acid sequence motif, in an almost identical geometry to the exhibited by the homologous retroviral aspartyl protease domain of yeast Ddi1 protein.	Alanine	143-146	Ddi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
12877331-1	2003	Zein is a hydrophobic corn protein, rich in leucine, proline and alanine, that has has previously been investigated as a potential excipient in pharmaceutical manufacturing.	Alanine	65-72	zein	Zea mays	0-4
12473655-4	2003	Mutants of human RNase H1 in which the cysteines were either deleted or substituted with alanine exhibited cleavage rates comparable with the reduced form of the enzyme, suggesting that the cysteine residues were not required for catalysis.	Alanine	89-96	ribonuclease H1	Homo sapiens	17-25
11123892-0	2000	Analysis of antibody A6 binding to the extracellular interferon gamma receptor alpha-chain by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and random mutagenesis with phage display.	Alanine	94-101	interferon gamma receptor 1	Homo sapiens	53-90
11124978-2	2000	The human kainate receptor GluR7 gene contains a thymine (T)/guanine (G) nucleotide variation that determines a serine or alanine at position 310 in the extracellular region of GluR7 receptor subunits.	Alanine	122-129	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
11124978-2	2000	The human kainate receptor GluR7 gene contains a thymine (T)/guanine (G) nucleotide variation that determines a serine or alanine at position 310 in the extracellular region of GluR7 receptor subunits.	Alanine	122-129	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	177-182
12578831-4	2003	Replacement of His-334 in alpha(1)-antitrypsin by a serine or alanine at pH 7.4 results in the same polymerization and loop-peptide acceptance observed with antithrombin at low pH.	Alanine	62-69	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	157-169
23441967-7	2013	We determine here that the Ala/Pro rich region of GRASP directly interacts with the SH3 domain of Dock180.	Alanine	27-30	trafficking regulator and scaffold protein tamalin	Homo sapiens	50-55
12618962-5	2003	SNP 10398G causes a nonconservative amino acid change from threonine to alanine within the NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) of complex I.	Alanine	72-79	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	91-111
12618962-5	2003	SNP 10398G causes a nonconservative amino acid change from threonine to alanine within the NADH dehydrogenase 3 (ND3) of complex I.	Alanine	72-79	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	113-116
11226831-9	2000	Here we mutated mER-alpha to convert Thr(575) and Ser(576) to Val and Ala, respectively.	Alanine	70-73	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	16-25
23441967-7	2013	We determine here that the Ala/Pro rich region of GRASP directly interacts with the SH3 domain of Dock180.	Alanine	27-30	dedicator of cytokinesis 1	Homo sapiens	98-105
23270990-1	2013	Valine residues in the pore region of SK2 (V366) and SK3 (V520) were replaced by either an alanine or a phenylalanine to evaluate the impact on the interactions with the allosteric blocker apamin.	Alanine	91-98	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	38-41
10961990-8	2000	The alpha-helical C terminus of AIP, which is outside the tetratricopeptide repeat domain, is absolutely required for binding to AhR as shown by deletions of the C-terminal 5 amino acids or alanine-scanning mutagenesis, but it is not required for binding of AIP to hsp90.	Alanine	190-197	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein	Mus musculus	32-35
11087666-2	2000	The mouse Klf13 cDNA (1310 bp in length) contains a single open reading frame of 288 amino acids with a DNA-binding domain closely related to that of the human RFLAT-1 protein and a putative transactivator N-terminal domain rich in proline and alanine residues.	Alanine	244-251	Kruppel-like factor 13	Mus musculus	10-15
23270990-4	2013	On the other hand, when the valine residue was replaced by an alanine residue, an increase of the binding affinity and the amount of block by apamin was observed for alanine mutated SK2 channels, but not for mutated SK3 channels.	Alanine	62-69	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	182-185
12694181-5	2003	We prepared 28 PAI-1 variants with individual residues in hF and beta-sheet A replaced by an alanine.	Alanine	93-100	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
23270990-4	2013	On the other hand, when the valine residue was replaced by an alanine residue, an increase of the binding affinity and the amount of block by apamin was observed for alanine mutated SK2 channels, but not for mutated SK3 channels.	Alanine	166-173	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	182-185
23236068-4	2013	The protective effect of K13 was associated with the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and was deficient in a mutant K13 with three alanine substitutions at positions 58 to 60 (K13-58AAA) and a structural homolog, vFLIP E8, both of which lack NF-kappaB activity.	Alanine	134-141	keratin 13	Homo sapiens	25-28
12586370-2	2003	Seven (13)C NMR signals from transmembrane alpha-helices were resolved for [3-(13)C]Ala-ppR at almost the same positions as those of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), except for the suppressed peaks in the loop regions in spite of the presence of at least three Ala residues.	Alanine	84-87	PPR1	Homo sapiens	88-91
12586370-2	2003	Seven (13)C NMR signals from transmembrane alpha-helices were resolved for [3-(13)C]Ala-ppR at almost the same positions as those of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), except for the suppressed peaks in the loop regions in spite of the presence of at least three Ala residues.	Alanine	252-255	PPR1	Homo sapiens	88-91
12586370-4	2003	The motional frequency of the loop regions in ppR was estimated as 10(5) Hz in view of the suppressed peaks from [3-(13)C]Ala-ppR due to interference with proton decoupling frequency.	Alanine	122-125	PPR1	Homo sapiens	46-49
11071881-3	2000	Interestingly, the hGSTP1 locus is polymorphic in human populations and involves amino acid residues in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine).	Alanine	153-160	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
11035780-7	2000	By heterologous expression in yeast, we show here that the replacement of a glutamic acid residue at position 103 in wild-type IRT1 with alanine increases the substrate specificity of the transporter by selectively eliminating its ability to transport zinc.	Alanine	137-144	IRT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	127-131
23236068-4	2013	The protective effect of K13 was associated with the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and was deficient in a mutant K13 with three alanine substitutions at positions 58 to 60 (K13-58AAA) and a structural homolog, vFLIP E8, both of which lack NF-kappaB activity.	Alanine	134-141	keratin 13	Homo sapiens	119-122
12586370-4	2003	The motional frequency of the loop regions in ppR was estimated as 10(5) Hz in view of the suppressed peaks from [3-(13)C]Ala-ppR due to interference with proton decoupling frequency.	Alanine	122-125	PPR1	Homo sapiens	126-129
23236068-4	2013	The protective effect of K13 was associated with the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and was deficient in a mutant K13 with three alanine substitutions at positions 58 to 60 (K13-58AAA) and a structural homolog, vFLIP E8, both of which lack NF-kappaB activity.	Alanine	134-141	keratin 13	Homo sapiens	119-122
10970734-4	2000	In the present work, variants of human GSTP1-1 (S150A and D153A), in which the capping residues have been substituted by alanine, have been generated and purified for structural analysis.	Alanine	121-128	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	39-46
23026212-6	2013	The nonsynonymous SNP at position 83 in the protein changes an alanine residue, conserved in NHLH2 orthologs through the Drosophila sp.	Alanine	63-70	nescient helix-loop-helix 2	Homo sapiens	93-98
12619777-3	2003	These mutations lead to the expansion of a polyalanine stretch from 10 to 12-17 alanines in the N-terminal domain of PABPN1.	Alanine	80-88	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
12551973-3	2003	Our results are as follows: (i) not only in infected cells but also in uninfected cells, replacement of the serine residue at position 133 (Ser-133) of EF-1delta by alanine precluded the posttranslational processing of EF-1delta, which corresponds to the hyperphosphorylation.	Alanine	165-172	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta	Homo sapiens	219-228
22962332-8	2012	In addition, Ala mutants of SNAP-25 residues from the C terminus of SNAP-25, as well as from the amino-terminal region decreased binding to Gbeta1gamma1.	Alanine	13-16	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	28-35
12527817-6	2003	As with aspirin, mutation of the serine 530 of COX-1 to alanine abolished the activity of the TriAcSHA.	Alanine	56-63	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	47-52
10975838-4	2000	A Lck mutant in which serine 6 (Ser6) was substituted by an alanine was almost completely cytosolic in COS-7 cells, and this change of localization was associated with a drastic inhibition of myristoylation in this mutant.	Alanine	60-67	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	2-5
10823838-6	2000	This observation led to the identification of amino acid residues, Leu(397), Ala(406), Asp(410), and Pro(415), in this region of gelatinase B that are important for its efficient catalysis as determined by substituting these amino acids with the corresponding residues from fibroblast collagenase.	Alanine	77-80	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	274-296
22962332-8	2012	In addition, Ala mutants of SNAP-25 residues from the C terminus of SNAP-25, as well as from the amino-terminal region decreased binding to Gbeta1gamma1.	Alanine	13-16	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	68-75
14658850-6	2003	The affected sheep was homozygous for the allele PrP(ARQ) (ARQ/ARQ) coding for alanine (A), arginine (R) and glutamine (Q) at three most relevant codons (136, 154 and 171, respectively).	Alanine	79-86	major prion protein	Ovis aries	49-52
22962332-9	2012	When SNAP-25 with eight residues mutated to alanine was assembled with syntaxin 1A, there was significantly reduced affinity of this mutated t-SNARE for Gbetagamma, but it still interacted with synaptotagmin-1 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner and reconstituted evoked exocytosis in botulinum neurotoxin E-treated neurons.	Alanine	44-51	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	5-12
12496426-0	2003	Identification of mouse MD-2 residues important for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 antibodies, and for conferring LPS and taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4 by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	201-208	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	24-28
12496426-0	2003	Identification of mouse MD-2 residues important for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 antibodies, and for conferring LPS and taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4 by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	201-208	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	82-86
12496426-0	2003	Identification of mouse MD-2 residues important for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 antibodies, and for conferring LPS and taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4 by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	201-208	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	82-86
11042490-2	2000	Plasmids with point mutations in ecoRII gene resulting in substitutions of amino acid residues in the Asp110-Glu112 region of the EcoRII endonuclease (Asp110 --&gt; Lys, Asn, Thr, Val, or Ile; Pro111 --&gt; Arg, His, Ala, or Leu; Glu112 --&gt; Lys, Gln, or Asp) have been constructed.	Alanine	217-220	EcoRII restriction enzyme	Escherichia coli	33-39
11042490-2	2000	Plasmids with point mutations in ecoRII gene resulting in substitutions of amino acid residues in the Asp110-Glu112 region of the EcoRII endonuclease (Asp110 --&gt; Lys, Asn, Thr, Val, or Ile; Pro111 --&gt; Arg, His, Ala, or Leu; Glu112 --&gt; Lys, Gln, or Asp) have been constructed.	Alanine	217-220	EcoRII restriction enzyme	Escherichia coli	130-136
22962332-9	2012	When SNAP-25 with eight residues mutated to alanine was assembled with syntaxin 1A, there was significantly reduced affinity of this mutated t-SNARE for Gbetagamma, but it still interacted with synaptotagmin-1 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner and reconstituted evoked exocytosis in botulinum neurotoxin E-treated neurons.	Alanine	44-51	syntaxin 1A	Homo sapiens	71-82
10811809-8	2000	In addition to its ubiquitous role as a substrate for oxidative metabolism and a major vehicle of nitrogen transport, SAT2 may provide alanine to function as the amino group donor to alpha-ketoglutarate to provide an alternative source for neurotransmitter synthesis in glutamatergic neurons.	Alanine	135-142	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
23225038-13	2012	Upon sequencing exon 11 of the LHCGR, a heterozygous point mutation of nucleotide 1703 from C to T was detected, which resulted in an amino acid transition from Ala (GCC) to Val (GTC) at position 568.	Alanine	161-164	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	31-36
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	65-69
23122394-3	2012	The A183S variant was confirmed through tryptic map spiking experiments using synthetic peptide, SDYEK, which incorporated Ser at the position of native Ala in the tryptic peptide L16.	Alanine	153-156	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-15	Homo sapiens	180-183
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	186-190
12496426-2	2003	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was performed to identify the mouse MD-2 residues important for conferring LPS and Taxol responsiveness on mouse TLR4, and for forming the cell surface TLR4-MD-2 complex recognized by anti-TLR4-MD-2 Ab MTS510.	Alanine	0-7	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	186-190
12244095-8	2002	Inactivation of Hck SH3 function by Ala replacement of a conserved Trp residue (W93A mutant) completely abolished STAT3 activation by Hck-YF and reduced transforming activity by 50% without affecting Hck kinase activity.	Alanine	36-39	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
12213813-4	2002	Two in vivo RSK1 phosphorylation sites within ER81, Ser(191) and Ser(216), were identified, whose mutation to alanine reduces ER81 activity upon ERK-MAPK stimulation.	Alanine	110-117	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10880057-2	2000	gp130-RAPS is a 50-kDa protein translated from alternatively spliced mRNA and has a truncated form of gp130 with a unique sequence, Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), in its COOH-terminus.	Alanine	140-143	interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer	Homo sapiens	0-5
10880057-2	2000	gp130-RAPS is a 50-kDa protein translated from alternatively spliced mRNA and has a truncated form of gp130 with a unique sequence, Asn-Ile-Ala-Ser-Phe (NIASF), in its COOH-terminus.	Alanine	140-143	interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer	Homo sapiens	102-107
23088497-5	2012	RESULTS: By alanine scanning mutagenesis of 24 conserved residues in human WIPI-1 we define the PtdIns-binding site of human WIPI-1 to critically include S203, S205, G208, T209, R212, R226, R227, G228, S251, T255, H257.	Alanine	12-19	WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
10779345-1	2000	Control of the translational repressor, PHAS-I, was investigated by expressing proteins with Ser/Thr --&gt; Ala mutations in the five (S/T)P phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	108-111	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
10806233-4	2000	Alanine caused significant activation at physiological concentrations, suggesting a pivotal role for this amino acid in regulating maize leaf PEPC activity.	Alanine	0-7	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	142-146
12144526-4	2002	A Thr--&gt;Ala mutation at Thr(38) of CPI-17 and Thr(57) of PHI-1 eliminated phosphorylation by ILK.	Alanine	11-14	integrin-linked kinase	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
23088497-5	2012	RESULTS: By alanine scanning mutagenesis of 24 conserved residues in human WIPI-1 we define the PtdIns-binding site of human WIPI-1 to critically include S203, S205, G208, T209, R212, R226, R227, G228, S251, T255, H257.	Alanine	12-19	WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
22399314-10	2012	CLA isomers have different effects on metabolism in Ala and Pro carriers.	Alanine	52-55	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	0-3
12133832-6	2002	Here we have performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of a predicted alpha-helix within the C-TAD of mouse HIF-1 alpha to identify residues important for transactivation and interaction of the C-TAD with transcriptional coactivators.	Alanine	23-30	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	105-116
12355451-4	2002	Using constitutively-active NFAT proteins with alanine substitutions instead of phosphorylated serine residues in the regulatory domain, we find that NFAT1 and NFAT2 are both positive regulators of IL-4 gene transcription, intrinsically very similar in their ability to induce and sustain transcription of the IL-4 gene.	Alanine	47-54	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	198-202
12107175-10	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues 105-117 within glutathione S-transferase (GST)-AbetaPP-(18-119) revealed that His(110), Val(112), and Ile(113) are key residues that facilitate AbetaPP binding to fibrillar Abeta.	Alanine	0-7	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	56-81
12107175-10	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues 105-117 within glutathione S-transferase (GST)-AbetaPP-(18-119) revealed that His(110), Val(112), and Ile(113) are key residues that facilitate AbetaPP binding to fibrillar Abeta.	Alanine	0-7	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
12182675-2	2002	In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7.	Alanine	150-157	complement C2	Homo sapiens	203-206
12182675-2	2002	In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7.	Alanine	150-157	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	208-211
12182675-2	2002	In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7.	Alanine	150-157	complement C5	Homo sapiens	213-216
12140265-7	2002	BoNT/E-resistant SNAP-25 proteins lacking the cysteine-rich domain or with all the cysteines substituted by alanines do not form SNARE complexes or rescue regulated exocytosis when expressed at the same level as membrane-bound SNAP-25, which is approximately four-fold higher than the endogenous protein.	Alanine	108-116	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	17-24
12130552-6	2002	We showed previously that mutation of a highly conserved tryptophan to alanine caused mR1 to exhibit a high basal signaling activity and rapid internalization rate.	Alanine	71-78	major histocompatibility complex, class I-related	Mus musculus	86-89
11967263-8	2002	Furthermore, if Ser(45) in beta-catenin is mutated to Ala, beta-catenin is markedly stabilized, and phosphorylation of Ser(33), Ser(37), and Thr(41) in beta-catenin by wild type GSK-3beta is prevented in intact cells.	Alanine	54-57	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	27-39
11940573-6	2002	Substitution of the phosphorylation sites of CK2 alpha with alanines resulted in decreased interactions between Pin1 and CK2.	Alanine	60-68	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
11923305-4	2002	Moreover, either a Ser-to-Ala substitution or serine dephosphorylation specifically eliminated the ability of PTPalpha to dephosphorylate and activate Src even during interphase.	Alanine	26-29	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	110-118
12050114-3	2002	Oncogenic Ras-induced transformation and growth-factor-induced cell proliferation are efficiently suppressed by mutant Tob that carries alanines but not glutamates, mimicking phosphoserines, at these sites.	Alanine	136-144	transducer of ERBB2, 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
12050114-7	2002	Reintroduction of wild-type Tob and mutant Tob with serine-to-alanine but not to glutamate mutations on the Erk phosphorylation sites in these cells restores the suppression of cyclin D1 expression.	Alanine	62-69	transducer of ERBB2, 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
12072453-3	2002	To identify amino acid residues that are important for Rad52 function(s), we systematically replaced 76 of 165 amino acid residues in the N terminus with alanine.	Alanine	154-161	recombinase RAD52	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-60
10770802-2	2000	To explore the molecular basis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) binding to different peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of the 2C TCR.	Alanine	128-135	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	59-62
10770802-2	2000	To explore the molecular basis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) binding to different peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of the 2C TCR.	Alanine	128-135	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	167-170
10770802-3	2000	The TCR energy maps for QL9/L(d) and SIYR/K(b) were remarkably similar, in that 16 of 41 Valpha and Vbeta alanine mutants showed reduced binding to both ligands.	Alanine	106-113	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	4-7
10727212-6	2000	FAC1, on the other hand, recognizes a conformational interface that includes the proline/alanine-rich domain of ZF87/MAZ and the first zinc finger.	Alanine	89-96	MYC-associated zinc finger protein (purine-binding transcription factor)	Mus musculus	112-120
10694430-8	2000	Serine 73, which is located in a region rich in proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine (PEST), regulates MITF protein stability, since a serine to alanine mutation prevented hUBC9-mediated MITF (S73A) degradation.	Alanine	154-161	melanocyte inducing transcription factor	Homo sapiens	112-116
10694380-12	2000	Site-directed alanine mutagenesis within a highly conserved region of HUGT1 identified four residues that are essential for catalytic function.	Alanine	14-21	UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
10698189-5	2000	We created selenocysteine (Sec) 133 to cysteine (Cys) or alanine (Ala) D2 mutants, without changing Sec 266.	Alanine	66-69	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	71-73
10752624-5	2000	On the other hand, the Y99L mutation has no effect on the activity of tPA toward the natural substrate plasminogen, that carries Gly at P2, and reduces more than 10-fold the inhibition of tPA by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), that carries Ala at P2.	Alanine	251-254	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	195-228
10671492-7	2000	To address this issue, we have transfected in NIH-3T3 cells a mutant form of LMW-PTP in which the c-Src phosphorylation sites (Tyr(131) and Tyr(132)) were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	166-173	acid phosphatase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	77-84
10656931-6	2000	Marsupial and eutherian mammalian HOXA13 proteins have three large homopolymeric alanine repeats of 14, 12, and 17-18 residues that are absent in reptiles, birds, and fish.	Alanine	81-88	homeobox A13	Homo sapiens	34-40
10656931-8	2000	In contrast, other short homopolymeric alanine repeats in mammalian HOXA13 have remained virtually the same length, suggesting that forces driving or limiting repeat expansion are context dependent.	Alanine	39-46	homeobox A13	Homo sapiens	68-74
11213488-8	2000	Most importantly, the levels of basal kinase activity and dimerization of Ret-TPC-1-C376A, in which cysteine 376 in the tyrosine kinase domain of Ret-TPC-1 was replaced with alanine, were low and were not increased by UV irradiation.	Alanine	174-181	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	74-77
10601864-9	2000	Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr233 appeared to be required for Pto-Pti1 physical interaction, as a mutation of this site to alanine, but not to aspartate, abolished the interaction between Pto and Pti1 in the yeast two-hybrid system.	Alanine	125-132	serine/threonine protein kinase Pto	Solanum lycopersicum	64-67
10601864-9	2000	Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr233 appeared to be required for Pto-Pti1 physical interaction, as a mutation of this site to alanine, but not to aspartate, abolished the interaction between Pto and Pti1 in the yeast two-hybrid system.	Alanine	125-132	serine/threonine protein kinase Pto	Solanum lycopersicum	190-193
10567848-0	2000	Effect of epidermal growth factor on sodium-dependent L-alanine transport in LLC-PK1 cells.	Alanine	54-63	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	10-33
10567848-1	2000	We evaluated the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the regulation of L-alanine transport in LLC-PK1 renal epithelia.	Alanine	76-85	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	25-48
10567848-1	2000	We evaluated the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the regulation of L-alanine transport in LLC-PK1 renal epithelia.	Alanine	76-85	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	50-53
10567848-3	2000	However, prolonged (16 h) incubation with 2 and 20 ng/ml of EGF resulted in significant increases in sodium-dependent L-alanine uptake as compared with controls.	Alanine	118-127	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	60-63
10637293-8	2000	Interestingly, the levels of basic kinase activity and dimerization of Ret-PTC-1-C376A, in which cysteine 376 in the tyrosine kinase domain of Ret-PTC-1 was replaced by alanine, were low and were not increased by UV irradiation.	Alanine	169-176	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	71-80
10594003-2	2000	To understand the nature of the protein-DNA interactions of this class of proteins, we have made a series of alanine substitutions in the DNA-binding domain of Mcm1 and examined the effects of these mutations in vivo and in vitro.	Alanine	109-116	transcription factor MCM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	160-164
10608835-4	1999	The resulting signal peptides containing alanine, serine, cysteine, leucine, and methionine can be cleaved efficiently by Imp1p.	Alanine	41-48	endopeptidase catalytic subunit IMP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	122-127
10608835-6	1999	Surprisingly, none of the amino acid changes results in the recognition of i-cyt b(2) by Imp2p, whose natural substrate, i-cyt c(1), has alanine at the -1 position.	Alanine	137-144	endopeptidase catalytic subunit	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-94
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	101-106
10543954-5	1999	Surface plasmon resonance revealed that the affinity of initial reversible complex formation between PAI-1 and catalytically inactive Ser195--&gt;Ala variants of thrombin and thrombin-VR1(tPA) is only increased fivefold, i.e. KD is 652 and 128 nM for thrombin-S195A and thrombin-S195A-VR1(tPA), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	vault RNA 1-1	Homo sapiens	184-187
10491308-8	1999	The deguanylation of the ribosomal and viral RNA targets by recombinant PAP was concentration-dependent and is abolished by alanine substitutions of the catalytic active site residues Tyr(72) and Tyr(123).	Alanine	124-131	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
10655994-5	1999	On seeking a mutation of the beta catenin gene (CTNNB1), an activating mutation from ACC (Thr) to GCC (Ala) at codon 41 was found.	Alanine	103-106	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-41
10655994-5	1999	On seeking a mutation of the beta catenin gene (CTNNB1), an activating mutation from ACC (Thr) to GCC (Ala) at codon 41 was found.	Alanine	103-106	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-54
10425451-2	1999	These analogues were based on a previously described variant (oGH1) in which an 8-residue extension replaces the N-terminal alanine of pituitary-derived ovine GH.	Alanine	124-131	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	62-66
10391916-12	1999	LAT-2 exhibits higher affinity (Km = 30-50 microM) to Tyr, Phe, Trp, Thr, Asn, Ile, Cys, Ser, Leu, Val, and Gln and relatively lower affinity (Km = 180-300 microM) to His, Ala, Met, and Gly.	Alanine	172-175	solute carrier family 7 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
10360819-6	1999	Finally, we identified a 9 base pair in-frame germline deletion in exon 1 of TbetaR-I resulting in loss of 3 of 9 sequential alanine residues at the N-terminus in 6 of 16 cases.	Alanine	125-132	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	77-85
10373514-5	1999	Coexpression of PKR with a repressor form of IkappaBalpha (Ser-32, 36-Ala) also leads to the inhibition of apoptosis by abolishing NF-kappaB induction, while translation remains blocked.	Alanine	70-73	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	16-19
10405182-1	1999	Results obtained with PHAS-I proteins having Ser to Ala mutations in the five known phosphorylation sites indicate that mTOR preferentially phosphorylates Thr36 and Thr45.	Alanine	52-55	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	22-28
10361113-2	1999	We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced STAT5-dependent transcriptional activation.	Alanine	14-21	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	83-89
10361113-2	1999	We introduced alanine substitution mutations in highly conserved regions of murine STAT5A and studied the mutants for dimerization, DNA binding, transactivation, and dominant negative effects on erythropoietin-induced STAT5-dependent transcriptional activation.	Alanine	14-21	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	83-88
22923485-7	2012	Importantly, alanine substitution at an ATM-dependent DNA-PKcs phosphorylation site, T2609, was sufficient to block binding or radioresponse of EGFR.	Alanine	13-20	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	40-43
10387025-5	1999	Replacement with Ala resulted in a 90-fold decrease in the apparent affinity for the Torpedo nAChR and a corresponding 150-fold increase in the IC50 for block of heterologously expressed mouse muscle nAChR, demonstrating the critical importance of this positive charge for the binding and functional activity of a long alpha-neurotoxin.	Alanine	17-20	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	93-98
10387025-5	1999	Replacement with Ala resulted in a 90-fold decrease in the apparent affinity for the Torpedo nAChR and a corresponding 150-fold increase in the IC50 for block of heterologously expressed mouse muscle nAChR, demonstrating the critical importance of this positive charge for the binding and functional activity of a long alpha-neurotoxin.	Alanine	17-20	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7	Mus musculus	200-205
22875854-5	2012	1) The only P1 residues recognized by PCSK9 are Gln &gt; Met &gt; Ala &gt; Ser &gt; Thr   Asn, revealing an unsuspected specificity.	Alanine	66-69	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	38-43
10353846-11	1999	The insertion of an alanine between Pro-1 and Met-2 essentially abolishes activity.	Alanine	20-27	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	36-41
10330141-10	1999	PKBalpha with alanine substitutions T308A and S473A (AA-PKB) or K179A (A-PKB) alone was a less potent inhibitor of insulin-dependent activation of wild-type HA-PKB or GLUT4myc translocation than was AAA-PKB.	Alanine	14-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	0-3
22960911-4	2012	IAR3 hydrolyzes an inactive form of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]-alanine) and releases bioactive auxin (IAA), a central phytohormone for root development.	Alanine	70-77	peptidase M20/M25/M40 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
10330141-10	1999	PKBalpha with alanine substitutions T308A and S473A (AA-PKB) or K179A (A-PKB) alone was a less potent inhibitor of insulin-dependent activation of wild-type HA-PKB or GLUT4myc translocation than was AAA-PKB.	Alanine	14-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	56-59
10330141-10	1999	PKBalpha with alanine substitutions T308A and S473A (AA-PKB) or K179A (A-PKB) alone was a less potent inhibitor of insulin-dependent activation of wild-type HA-PKB or GLUT4myc translocation than was AAA-PKB.	Alanine	14-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	56-59
10350456-5	1999	Surprisingly, most IGF-I residues could be substituted by alanines, resulting in less than 5-fold affinity losses for IGFBP-3.	Alanine	58-66	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	118-125
10350456-6	1999	In contrast, binding of IGFBP-1 was more sensitive to alanine substitutions in IGF-I.	Alanine	54-61	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	24-31
22895458-9	2012	Systematic evaluation of this model by performing different ischemia and reperfusion times revealed a close correlation of hepatic ischemia time with liver damage as measured by alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase serum levels.	Alanine	178-185	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	187-190
10350456-7	1999	The glutamate and phenylalanine at positions 3 and 49 were identified as major specificity determinants for IGFBP-1: the corresponding alanine mutations, E3A and F49A, selectively decreased IGFBP-1 binding by 34- and 100-fold, whereas IGFBP-3 affinity was not affected or reduced maximally 4-fold.	Alanine	24-31	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	108-115
10350456-7	1999	The glutamate and phenylalanine at positions 3 and 49 were identified as major specificity determinants for IGFBP-1: the corresponding alanine mutations, E3A and F49A, selectively decreased IGFBP-1 binding by 34- and 100-fold, whereas IGFBP-3 affinity was not affected or reduced maximally 4-fold.	Alanine	24-31	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	190-197
10350482-3	1999	In this study we demonstrate that substitution of a single phenylalanine residue at position 983 (F983) with alanine (F983A) in putative transmembrane (TM) region 12 selectively affects inhibition of Pgp-mediated drug transport by both isomers of flupentixol.	Alanine	65-72	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	200-203
10344744-2	1999	The allelic variants of human GSTP1-1 (hGSTP1-1) differ in their structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (valine or alanine).	Alanine	157-164	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	30-37
22728712-7	2012	RESULTS: For F308(6.51), Ala and Leu substitution significantly decreased the constitutive activities of beta3AR to approximately 10% of that for the wild-type receptor.	Alanine	25-28	adrenoceptor beta 3	Homo sapiens	105-112
10344744-2	1999	The allelic variants of human GSTP1-1 (hGSTP1-1) differ in their structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (valine or alanine).	Alanine	157-164	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	39-47
10196172-10	1999	A point mutation of cslo-alpha in which Ser-1072 (the only optimal consensus sequence for PKG phosphorylation) was replaced by Ala abolished the PKG effect on NPo in inside-out patches and the effect of SNP in cell attached patches.	Alanine	127-130	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
22519734-2	2012	Expansion of GCG repeats that encode first 6 of the 10 alanine residues of a polyalanine tract at the N-terminus of wild-type PABPN1 to 12-17 alanine residues causes aggregation of the protein and cell death.	Alanine	55-62	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
10082583-5	1999	In addition, when the seven proline-directed sites in MyoD were individually mutated, only substitution of serine 200 to a nonphosphorylatable alanine (MyoD-Ala200) abolished the slower-migrating hyperphosphorylated form of MyoD, seen either in vitro after phosphorylation by cdk1-cyclin B or in vivo following overexpression in 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	143-150	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	54-58
10082583-5	1999	In addition, when the seven proline-directed sites in MyoD were individually mutated, only substitution of serine 200 to a nonphosphorylatable alanine (MyoD-Ala200) abolished the slower-migrating hyperphosphorylated form of MyoD, seen either in vitro after phosphorylation by cdk1-cyclin B or in vivo following overexpression in 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	143-150	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	152-156
10082583-5	1999	In addition, when the seven proline-directed sites in MyoD were individually mutated, only substitution of serine 200 to a nonphosphorylatable alanine (MyoD-Ala200) abolished the slower-migrating hyperphosphorylated form of MyoD, seen either in vitro after phosphorylation by cdk1-cyclin B or in vivo following overexpression in 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	143-150	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	152-156
22519734-2	2012	Expansion of GCG repeats that encode first 6 of the 10 alanine residues of a polyalanine tract at the N-terminus of wild-type PABPN1 to 12-17 alanine residues causes aggregation of the protein and cell death.	Alanine	81-88	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
10037691-3	1999	IIABMan has two domains (IIA and IIB) that are linked by a 60-A long alanine-proline-rich linker.	Alanine	69-76	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	0-3
22519734-6	2012	We have investigated the mechanism of cell death in HeLa and HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cultured cells expressing the mutant PABPN1 with a polyalanine tract containing 17 alanine residues (PABPN1-A17).	Alanine	149-156	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	131-137
10037705-5	1999	The double substitution of two adjacent PKC consensus sites in the calcium channel domain I-II linker (Thr422, Ser425) to alanines abolished both PKC-dependent up-regulation and the PKC-G protein cross-talk.	Alanine	122-130	protein kinase C gamma	Homo sapiens	40-43
21812836-10	2012	The concomittant presence of low concentrations of histidine, alanine and either glycine or pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) in the SC was associated with FLG mutations with 92% specificity.	Alanine	62-69	filaggrin	Homo sapiens	158-161
10037705-5	1999	The double substitution of two adjacent PKC consensus sites in the calcium channel domain I-II linker (Thr422, Ser425) to alanines abolished both PKC-dependent up-regulation and the PKC-G protein cross-talk.	Alanine	122-130	protein kinase C gamma	Homo sapiens	146-149
10037705-5	1999	The double substitution of two adjacent PKC consensus sites in the calcium channel domain I-II linker (Thr422, Ser425) to alanines abolished both PKC-dependent up-regulation and the PKC-G protein cross-talk.	Alanine	122-130	protein kinase C gamma	Homo sapiens	182-187
10037709-3	1999	Protection from inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II requires ligation of both exosites 1 and 2 because minimal protection is seen when exosite 1 variants (gamma-thrombin and thrombin Quick 1) or an exosite 2 variant (Arg93 --&gt; Ala, Arg97 --&gt; Ala, and Arg101 --&gt; Ala thrombin) is substituted for thrombin.	Alanine	245-248	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	30-42
10037709-3	1999	Protection from inhibition by antithrombin and heparin cofactor II requires ligation of both exosites 1 and 2 because minimal protection is seen when exosite 1 variants (gamma-thrombin and thrombin Quick 1) or an exosite 2 variant (Arg93 --&gt; Ala, Arg97 --&gt; Ala, and Arg101 --&gt; Ala thrombin) is substituted for thrombin.	Alanine	263-266	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	30-42
22710082-4	2012	Here we report the characterization of a Walker B mutation in human CLPX, in which the highly conserved glutamate was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	132-139	caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X	Homo sapiens	68-72
10069806-5	1999	Mutations of serine and threonine residues at p34(cdc2) kinase-specific phosphorylation sites to alanine interfered with mitosis-associated reduction in MT affinity of XMAP4, and their overexpression affected chromosome movement during anaphase A.	Alanine	97-104	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	50-54
22561375-6	2012	A positively charged arm close to the catalytic center may act as an RNA substrate-binding site, since exchange of critical positively charged residues on this arm with alanine partially abolish the RNase activity of MCPIP1 in vivo.	Alanine	169-176	zinc finger CCCH-type containing 12A	Homo sapiens	217-223
10051546-3	1999	A lysine residue in the third transmembrane domain of the CB2 receptor (K109), which is conserved between the CB1 and CB2 receptors, was mutated to alanine or arginine to determine the role of this charged amino acid in receptor function.	Alanine	148-155	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	58-61
10024091-4	1999	Recently, it was reported that GLP-1 became resistant to DPPIV when the alanine residue at position 8 was replaced by a glycine (GLP-1-Gly8).	Alanine	72-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
22570486-1	2012	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy is a late-onset disease caused by an elongation of a natural 10-alanine segment within the N-terminal domain of the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPN1) to maximally 17 alanines.	Alanine	210-218	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	186-192
9990288-9	1999	Wild type R2 and threonine-substituted R2 proteins (R2-Thr) were phosphorylated by p34cdc2 kinase, whereas under the same experimental conditions, R2-Asp and R2-Ala phosphorylation was not detected.	Alanine	161-164	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	10-41
22556417-6	2012	Simultaneous mutation of these three histidines to alanines decreased the zinc potency of hP2X2 nearly 100-fold.	Alanine	51-59	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	90-95
9952066-5	1999	During long-term administration of thiopental and midazolam, pathologically elevated ventricular CSF glutamate levels were associated with significantly increased glutamine and alanine levels up to 14 days after trauma.	Alanine	177-184	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	97-100
10625205-1	1999	The existence of two types of thrombomodulin (TM) amino acid dimorphism (Ala 455 or Val 455) for the development of unexplained thrombophilia is controversial.	Alanine	73-76	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	30-44
10625205-1	1999	The existence of two types of thrombomodulin (TM) amino acid dimorphism (Ala 455 or Val 455) for the development of unexplained thrombophilia is controversial.	Alanine	73-76	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	46-48
11897672-0	2002	Substitution of cysteine for a conserved alanine residue in the catalytic center of type II iodothyronine deiodinase alters interaction with reducing cofactor.	Alanine	41-48	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	84-116
10625205-2	1999	We have identified the Val 455-TM allele in one patient with severe preeclampsia and the Ala 455-TM allele in another patient with the same disease.	Alanine	89-92	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	97-99
22447928-7	2012	LPS increased binding of both c-Src and Fyn to GST-TRAF6 but not to a GST-TRAF6 mutant in which the three prolines in the putative Src homology 3 domain-binding motif (amino acids 461-469) were substituted with alanines.	Alanine	211-219	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	40-43
9860950-4	1998	The lower cleft of the ATPase domain is defined as a binding pocket for the J-domain because (i) a DnaK mutation located in this cleft (R167H) is an allele-specific suppressor of the binding defect of the DnaJ mutation, D35N and (ii) alanine substitution of two residues close to R167 in the crystal structure, N170A and T173A, significantly decrease DnaJ binding.	Alanine	234-241	DnaJ	Escherichia coli	205-209
11756401-6	2002	Furthermore, the affinity of the aptamer to the Y5 receptor-selective agonist [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY and the Y1/Y5 receptor-binding peptide [Leu(31),Pro(34)]NPY was considerably reduced, whereas Y2 receptor-specific NPY mutants were bound well by the aptamer.	Alanine	79-82	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	95-98
22564307-4	2012	In a previous study, we showed that alanine mutations of the DDK phosphorylation sites at S164 and S170 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm2 result in sensitivity to caffeine and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) leading us to suggest that DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 is required in response to replicative stress.	Alanine	36-43	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	132-136
11801601-3	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues close to the intracellular end of H6 of the 5-HT2A receptor implicated glutamate Glu-318(6.30) in receptor activation, as also predicted by a newly constructed molecular model of the 5-HT2A receptor, which was based on the x-ray structure of bovine rhodopsin.	Alanine	0-7	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	290-299
11788594-3	2002	In particular, System A transporter (SAT1) is a highly efficient glutamine transporter, whereas SAT2 exhibits broad specificity for neutral amino acids with a preference for alanine.	Alanine	174-181	spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase family member 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
9990311-5	1998	Alanine substitutions for the conserved amino acids in con2 identified five amino acids, Asn797, His799, Asp800, Trp803, and Thr805, the mutation of which severely diminished enzymatic activity and the enzyme"s ability to rescue the yeast chs2 delta chs3 delta null mutant strain.	Alanine	0-7	chitin synthase CHS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	239-243
22564307-4	2012	In a previous study, we showed that alanine mutations of the DDK phosphorylation sites at S164 and S170 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm2 result in sensitivity to caffeine and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) leading us to suggest that DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 is required in response to replicative stress.	Alanine	36-43	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	255-259
9861445-1	1998	To delineate domains essential for G-protein coupling in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), we mutated polar and basic residues to alanine at eleven positions in the putative third intracellular loop and determined consequent changes in the ligand binding and generation of second messenger cAMP.	Alanine	128-135	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
22389451-2	2012	A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the region of the key ATM activation site of RASSF1A predicts the conversion of alanine (encoded by the major G allele) to serine (encoded by the minor T allele) at residue 133 of RASSF1A (p.Ala133Ser).	Alanine	124-131	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	66-69
9855624-2	1998	The affinity of a mutant TRH-R, in which Trp279 was substituted by alanine (W279A TRH-R), for most tested agonists was higher than that of wild-type (WT) TRH-R, whereas its affinity for inverse agonists was diminished, suggesting that W279A TRH-R is constitutively active.	Alanine	67-74	thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	25-30
9855624-2	1998	The affinity of a mutant TRH-R, in which Trp279 was substituted by alanine (W279A TRH-R), for most tested agonists was higher than that of wild-type (WT) TRH-R, whereas its affinity for inverse agonists was diminished, suggesting that W279A TRH-R is constitutively active.	Alanine	67-74	thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	82-87
9855624-2	1998	The affinity of a mutant TRH-R, in which Trp279 was substituted by alanine (W279A TRH-R), for most tested agonists was higher than that of wild-type (WT) TRH-R, whereas its affinity for inverse agonists was diminished, suggesting that W279A TRH-R is constitutively active.	Alanine	67-74	thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	82-87
11883939-7	2002	The Ca(2+)-dependent fluorescence change of ALG-2 in the presence of the hydrophobicity fluorescent probe 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) was inhibited by mixing with GST-AnxN, suggesting that the Pro/Gly/Tyr/Ala-rich hydrophobic region in AnxN masked the Ca(2+)-dependently exposed hydrophobic surface of ALG-2.	Alanine	221-224	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
9855624-2	1998	The affinity of a mutant TRH-R, in which Trp279 was substituted by alanine (W279A TRH-R), for most tested agonists was higher than that of wild-type (WT) TRH-R, whereas its affinity for inverse agonists was diminished, suggesting that W279A TRH-R is constitutively active.	Alanine	67-74	thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	82-87
22378790-2	2012	For this purpose, four non-functional Ala mutants of the P2X2, P2X3, and P2X6 subunits were generated by replacing single, homologous amino acids particularly important for agonist binding.	Alanine	38-41	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
21761181-0	2012	The molecular basis of IGF-II/IGF2R recognition: a combined molecular dynamics simulation, free-energy calculation and computational alanine scanning study.	Alanine	133-140	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	23-29
9756899-8	1998	To assess the validity of each model, TEM-1 mutants with amino acids substitutions of Ala, Ser, Cys, Thr, Asn, and Val have been constructed.	Alanine	86-89	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	38-43
9791178-12	1998	Substitution of amino acids [242-246] by five alanines leads to similar phenotypic defects, suggesting that altering the "G-D-L-Y-V" motif leads to partial loss of DnaJ activity.	Alanine	46-54	DnaJ	Escherichia coli	164-168
9737989-4	1998	The results demonstrate that changing Asp336 of FucT III to Ala (as in FucT V) produced a protein (III/V1) with a reduced activity with a variety of acceptors.	Alanine	60-63	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-56
11906964-9	2002	The novel Y(5) agonist [Ala(31), Aib(32)]-NPY had no effect at 100 nM.	Alanine	24-27	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	42-45
11891256-8	2002	AtCPK2 was myristoylated in a cell-free extract and myristoylation was prevented by converting the glycine at the proposed site of myristate attachment to alanine (G2A).	Alanine	155-162	calmodulin-domain protein kinase cdpk 	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
11755983-6	2002	The model also predicted a shortage of the intracellular alanine family amino acid pool during CAT overexpression.	Alanine	57-64	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Escherichia coli	95-98
21761181-0	2012	The molecular basis of IGF-II/IGF2R recognition: a combined molecular dynamics simulation, free-energy calculation and computational alanine scanning study.	Alanine	133-140	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	30-35
21761181-4	2012	In this study, in order to investigate the interaction of the IGF-II/IGF2R complex and to characterize the binding hot spots of this interaction, a 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation combined with MM-PBSA/MM-GBSA computations and computational alanine scanning was performed on the IGF-II/IGF2R complex.	Alanine	245-252	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
21761181-4	2012	In this study, in order to investigate the interaction of the IGF-II/IGF2R complex and to characterize the binding hot spots of this interaction, a 10 ns molecular dynamics simulation combined with MM-PBSA/MM-GBSA computations and computational alanine scanning was performed on the IGF-II/IGF2R complex.	Alanine	245-252	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	69-74
21761181-5	2012	From the results of the free-energy decomposition and the computational alanine scanning calculation, we identified the key residues in the IGF-II/IGF-2R interaction.	Alanine	72-79	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	140-146
11755983-7	2002	This was unexpected due to the relatively low content of alanine family amino acids in CAT compared to the average E. coli protein.	Alanine	57-64	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Escherichia coli	87-90
9780229-8	1998	In order to investigate this further, a series of single and double mutants of CdTnI were used in which either Ala (to direct the enzymatic phosphorylation) or Asp (to mimic the phosphate group) replaced the Ser23 and/or Ser24.	Alanine	111-114	troponin I3, cardiac type	Canis lupus familiaris	79-84
21761181-5	2012	From the results of the free-energy decomposition and the computational alanine scanning calculation, we identified the key residues in the IGF-II/IGF-2R interaction.	Alanine	72-79	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	147-153
9788776-3	1998	The homologous threonine in the second extracellular loop of the human prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptors was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	122-129	prostaglandin E receptor 4	Homo sapiens	93-96
22424314-8	2012	Using the binding-enhanced and alanine substituted epitopes as potential biomarkers, a reverse ELISA method was developed to detect the Sta c 3 sIgE in atopic human sera.	Alanine	31-38	GCY	Homo sapiens	136-139
9777362-1	1998	A new point mutation, TCG(Ser)--&gt;GCG(Ala) in codon 891, exon 15 of the RET protooncogene was revealed in two patients from a pedigree with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), but not in healthy persons.	Alanine	40-43	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	74-77
22291186-4	2012	The replacement of the arginines in this motif with alanines resulted in the extensive accumulation of CD1d in lysosomes but did not affect the cell surface expression.	Alanine	52-60	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	103-107
9683048-3	1998	We examined the role of two variations of the aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2), one located in the promoter of the gene, T-344C, the other in the 7th exon, the T4986C (Val/Ala), on plasma levels of renin and aldosterone, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness in subjects with essential hypertension.	Alanine	175-178	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	46-66
22053095-9	2012	Furthermore, after coimmunoprecipitation, more CD63 was bound to TIMP1 in ovaries of rats treated with Ala-TIMP1 than in rTIMP1-treated rats, providing evidence for another MMP-independent mechanism of ovulatory dysfunction.	Alanine	103-106	Cd63 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
9684894-2	1998	Crystals could not be obtained with a MBP/gp21 fusion protein in which fusion partners were separated by a flexible linker, but were obtained after connecting the MBP C-terminal alpha-helix to the predicted N-terminal alpha-helical sequence of gp21 via three alanine residues.	Alanine	259-266	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	163-168
22248857-2	2012	Especially, replacement with alanine afforded compound 19 displaying more potent human and mouse PrCP inhibitory activity than 4 and an overall comparable profile.	Alanine	29-36	prolylcarboxypeptidase (angiotensinase C)	Mus musculus	97-101
9641694-5	1998	A homozygous missense mutation, leading to an alanine-to-threonine substitution at the beginning of the pore domain of the KVLQT1 channel, was found in the proband, a 9-year-old boy with normal hearing, a prolonged QT interval, and syncopal episodes during physical exercise.	Alanine	46-53	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	123-129
22105069-3	2012	To more thoroughly characterize the vinylogous urea binding site, horizontal alanine scanning mutagenesis between p51 residues Lys-275 and Thr-286 (comprising alpha-helix I and portions of the neighboring alphaH/alphaI and alphaI/alphaJ connecting loops) was combined with a limited vertical scan of Cys-280.	Alanine	77-84	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	114-117
9582308-11	1998	Since the replacement of the two cysteines (Cys97 and Cys100) in CD3-epsilon by alanines strongly inhibited pair formation, the existence of a Cys-X-X-Cys motif involved in protein-protein interactions is suggested.	Alanine	80-88	CD3 epsilon subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	65-76
22194336-3	2012	Alanine racemase (Alr) is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme which catalyzes reversible racemization between enantiomers of alanine.	Alanine	131-138	AT695_RS06560	Staphylococcus aureus	0-16
9620557-4	1998	Moreover, a HeLa clone stably transfected with a temperature sensitive (ts) 143 Ala p53 mutant exhibited temperature-dependent regulation of H19 expression.	Alanine	80-83	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	141-144
22194336-3	2012	Alanine racemase (Alr) is a pyridoxal-5"-phosphate-dependent enzyme which catalyzes reversible racemization between enantiomers of alanine.	Alanine	131-138	AT695_RS06560	Staphylococcus aureus	18-21
22194336-7	2012	Comparison of the Alr(Sas) structure with those of various alanine racemases demonstrates a conserved overall fold, with the enzyme sharing most similarity to those from other Gram-positive bacteria.	Alanine	59-66	AT695_RS06560	Staphylococcus aureus	18-21
23209523-3	2012	The specificity of the peptide-gp120 interaction was demonstrated by using peptide variants, in which key residues for the interaction with gp120 were replaced by alanine or D-amino acids.	Alanine	163-170	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
9648226-6	1998	N-terminal sequencing of the 23-kDa protein showed that NIa specifically cleaved the fusion protein at Gln-Ala, producing Ala-hIL-11.	Alanine	107-110	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	126-132
23193417-4	2012	Recent studies revealed that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (including threonine (Thr) to alanine (Ala) replacement in D2 gene codon 92, D2 Thr92Ala) affect T3 levels in tissues and in serum.	Alanine	99-106	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	128-130
9572491-7	1998	Strikingly, these cells contain a missense mutation of the p53 gene at codon 242 (p53(242)), which substitutes alanine for glycine.	Alanine	111-118	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	59-62
9572491-7	1998	Strikingly, these cells contain a missense mutation of the p53 gene at codon 242 (p53(242)), which substitutes alanine for glycine.	Alanine	111-118	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	82-85
23193417-4	2012	Recent studies revealed that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (including threonine (Thr) to alanine (Ala) replacement in D2 gene codon 92, D2 Thr92Ala) affect T3 levels in tissues and in serum.	Alanine	108-111	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	128-130
9512488-3	1998	All 11 histidine residues in NaDC-1 were converted to alanine, but only mutant H106A exhibited a decrease in succinate transport.	Alanine	54-61	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	29-35
23193417-4	2012	Recent studies revealed that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (including threonine (Thr) to alanine (Ala) replacement in D2 gene codon 92, D2 Thr92Ala) affect T3 levels in tissues and in serum.	Alanine	108-111	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	146-148
23204851-1	2012	BACKGROUND AND METHODS: It has been reported that C/T dimorphism at position 1418 of the thrombomodulin gene causes a cytosine (C) transition to thymidine (T), resulting in an alanine (A) to valine (V) substitution at amino acid position 455 (TM455).	Alanine	176-183	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	89-103
9586632-0	1998	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of an alphabeta T cell receptor: mapping the energy of antigen recognition.	Alanine	0-7	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	45-60
22071314-6	2012	In addition, mutation of residue K342 to alanine in the CCP1 domain abolished binding to both C4 and C4b in its CCP1-CCP2 form, suggesting a key electrostatic role for this amino acid.	Alanine	41-48	coiled-coil domain containing 115	Homo sapiens	56-60
22071314-6	2012	In addition, mutation of residue K342 to alanine in the CCP1 domain abolished binding to both C4 and C4b in its CCP1-CCP2 form, suggesting a key electrostatic role for this amino acid.	Alanine	41-48	coiled-coil domain containing 115	Homo sapiens	112-116
22071314-6	2012	In addition, mutation of residue K342 to alanine in the CCP1 domain abolished binding to both C4 and C4b in its CCP1-CCP2 form, suggesting a key electrostatic role for this amino acid.	Alanine	41-48	AGBL carboxypeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
23144876-7	2012	RESULTS: The genotypes of IFIH1 rs1990760 were associated with different frequencies of enterovirus RNA in blood (7.0%, 14.4% and 9.5% bloods were enterovirus positive among children carrying the Ala/Ala, Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr genotypes, respectively, p = 0.012).	Alanine	196-199	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
9555947-6	1998	The importance of sequence variations at the UCP-1 gene locus as a common source of UCP-1 mRNA abundance variability was supported by allele-specific expression studies utilizing a newly identified polymorphism in exon 2 of the UCP-1 gene that predicts a substitution of alanine by threonine.	Alanine	271-278	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
9555947-6	1998	The importance of sequence variations at the UCP-1 gene locus as a common source of UCP-1 mRNA abundance variability was supported by allele-specific expression studies utilizing a newly identified polymorphism in exon 2 of the UCP-1 gene that predicts a substitution of alanine by threonine.	Alanine	271-278	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
9555947-6	1998	The importance of sequence variations at the UCP-1 gene locus as a common source of UCP-1 mRNA abundance variability was supported by allele-specific expression studies utilizing a newly identified polymorphism in exon 2 of the UCP-1 gene that predicts a substitution of alanine by threonine.	Alanine	271-278	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
23144876-7	2012	RESULTS: The genotypes of IFIH1 rs1990760 were associated with different frequencies of enterovirus RNA in blood (7.0%, 14.4% and 9.5% bloods were enterovirus positive among children carrying the Ala/Ala, Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr genotypes, respectively, p = 0.012).	Alanine	200-203	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
9525683-2	1998	We have recently demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis that the negatively charged residues in the CCR5 amino-terminal domain are essential for gp120 binding and coreceptor function.	Alanine	33-40	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
9525683-4	1998	Replacement of alanine with all four tyrosine residues and with serine-17 and cysteine-20 decrease or abolish gp120 binding and CCR5 coreceptor activity.	Alanine	15-22	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
23144876-7	2012	RESULTS: The genotypes of IFIH1 rs1990760 were associated with different frequencies of enterovirus RNA in blood (7.0%, 14.4% and 9.5% bloods were enterovirus positive among children carrying the Ala/Ala, Ala/Thr and Thr/Thr genotypes, respectively, p = 0.012).	Alanine	200-203	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
23213356-5	2012	Using wild-type Ataxin-1 and Ser776 mutants to a phosphomimetic aspartate and to alanine, we show that U2AF65 binds Ataxin-1 in a Ser776 phosphorylation independent manner whereas 14-3-3 interacts with phosphorylated wild-type Ataxin-1 but not with the mutants.	Alanine	81-88	U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
9528799-5	1998	Mutation of either residue to Ala impaired translational control by PKR in yeast cells and COS1 cells and led to tumor formation in mice.	Alanine	30-33	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	68-71
9528799-7	1998	Whereas the Ala-446 substitution substantially reduced PKR function, the mutant kinase containing Ala-451 was completely inactive.	Alanine	12-15	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
9528799-9	1998	Substitution of Glu-490 in subdomain X of PKR partially restored kinase activity when combined with the Ala-451 mutation.	Alanine	104-107	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
21859429-1	2012	The new HLA-B*15:220 allele shows a single-nucleotide substitution in exon 1 at position 47 (C&gt;T) when compared to its closest allele HLA-B*15:03:01, resulting in an amino acid substitution from Ala to Val in the signal peptide at codon -9.	Alanine	198-201	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	8-13
9516417-3	1998	When all 12 cysteine residues were substituted with alanines in B50, the mutant protein (B50C1-12) lost its ability to assemble lipid and was degraded intracellularly.	Alanine	52-60	growth associated protein 43	Homo sapiens	64-67
21859429-1	2012	The new HLA-B*15:220 allele shows a single-nucleotide substitution in exon 1 at position 47 (C&gt;T) when compared to its closest allele HLA-B*15:03:01, resulting in an amino acid substitution from Ala to Val in the signal peptide at codon -9.	Alanine	198-201	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	137-142
9516417-11	1998	The Cys-to-Ala substitution abolished recognition of B50 by MB19, a conformational antibody with an epitope at the N terminus of human apoB.	Alanine	11-14	growth associated protein 43	Homo sapiens	53-56
11790096-8	2002	Increasing or reducing the stability of the partially preformed alpha-helix in the isolated p27 domain with alanine or proline substitutions did not affect formation of the p27-inhibited cyclin A-Cdk2 complex in energetic terms.	Alanine	108-115	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	92-95
11790096-9	2002	However, stabilization of the helix with alanine hindered kinetically the formation of the inhibited complex, suggesting that p27 derives a kinetic advantage from intrinsic structural disorder.	Alanine	41-48	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	126-129
9516417-12	1998	The Cys-to-Ala substitution also attenuated secretion of B18, but the effect of the mutation on B18 secretion was less evident than on B50.	Alanine	11-14	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7	Homo sapiens	57-60
22079192-7	2011	A database search combined with alanine scan mutagenesis of peptides that bound to CSF IgG from 3 MS patients revealed that they are derived from proteins including serine/threonine-protein kinase, protein ZIP2 and MHC class II.	Alanine	32-39	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-86
9473309-6	1998	Based on these results, Ile-114, Arg-120, Ser-221, Ser-294, Ile-363, and Val-367 in cytochrome P450 2B4 were replaced simultaneously with Phe, His, Pro, Thr, Val, and Ala, respectively, from 2B5.	Alanine	167-170	cytochrome P450 2B4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-103
9442061-10	1998	The unc-64 (e246) mutation producing a mild phenotype causes an Ala--&gt;Val conversion in the conserved COOH-terminal region in mammalian syntaxin 1A or Drosophila syntaxin-1A whose site is included in three types of transcripts.	Alanine	64-67	syntaxin 1A	Homo sapiens	139-150
22212327-9	2011	Genetic analysis disclosed a triple CGC repeat insertion in exon 1 of MNX1, resulting in three in-frame shifts encoding for the amino acid alanine.	Alanine	139-146	motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
9462839-2	1998	To clarify the function of stathmin, its four phosphorylation sites were mutated to either alanines (4A-stathmin) or glutamates (4E-stathmin).	Alanine	91-99	stathmin 1	Homo sapiens	27-35
11704659-5	2002	Alteration of conserved leucine residues to alanine within Jab1/CSN5-NES abolished the interaction with CRM1 in vitro and impaired LMB-sensitive nuclear export and the ability to induce p27 breakdown in cultured cells.	Alanine	44-51	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
22119903-2	2011	One of the most common MeCP2 mutations associated with RTT occurs at threonine 158, converting it to methionine (T158M) or alanine (T158A).	Alanine	123-130	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	23-28
11914510-11	2002	The glutathione S-transferase activity was higher (p &gt;0.05) in the intestinal mucosa of animals fed on protein-bound L-lysino-D,L-alanine (2,582 and 12,474 mg.kg(-1)).	Alanine	131-140	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	4-29
11862322-10	2002	In conclusion, the Arg972 (IRS-1) background produced a marked difference in insulin sensitivity between X/Ala and Pro/Pro (PPARgamma) which was not present in the whole population or against the Gly972 (IRS-1) background.	Alanine	107-110	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
9405275-2	1998	To characterize the molecular interaction between the complexes and the receptors, alanine codons were introduced into the human PAI-1 cDNA to replace the four basic residues, Arg-78, Lys-82, Arg-120 and Lys-124, as double mutations.	Alanine	83-90	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
21911499-8	2011	In two-hybrid assays, the interaction of sigma(70) with either the beta-flap tip or MotA is impaired by alanine substitutions at residues Leu-607, Arg-608, Phe-610, Leu-611, and Asp-613.	Alanine	104-111	flagellar motor protein MotA	Escherichia phage T4	84-88
9405255-3	1997	Here, we have analyzed unphosphorylatable mutants of human hsp27 in which serines 15, 78, and 82 were replaced by alanines, glycines, or aspartic acids.	Alanine	114-122	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
9405255-5	1997	Alanine substitution generated large hsp27 aggregates while glycine and aspartic acid did the reverse.	Alanine	0-7	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
11752137-8	2002	Mutation of conserved cysteine residues to alanines in the zinc finger domain resulted in loss of activity of the p23 protein, suggesting involvement of the zinc finger in asymmetric RNA accumulation.	Alanine	43-51	prostaglandin E synthase 3	Homo sapiens	114-117
12903118-2	2002	We introduced oligonucleotide containing a natural abasic site and a tetrahydrofuran abasic site into Rev1 mutants, rev1AA, which contains mutations of Asp467 and Glu468 residues of Rev1p to Ala in order to inactivate dCMP transferase activity, and rev1 delta, which lacks its whole coding sequence.	Alanine	191-194	deoxycytidyl transferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	182-187
12903118-2	2002	We introduced oligonucleotide containing a natural abasic site and a tetrahydrofuran abasic site into Rev1 mutants, rev1AA, which contains mutations of Asp467 and Glu468 residues of Rev1p to Ala in order to inactivate dCMP transferase activity, and rev1 delta, which lacks its whole coding sequence.	Alanine	191-194	deoxycytidyl transferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-120
21515584-3	2011	To evaluate the role of the conserved serine within this motif, this residue was replaced with alanine in FucTA (S218) and FUT-1 (S243).	Alanine	95-102	fucosyltransferase 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-111
11739781-6	2001	Mutation of these leucines to alanines in the context of a basolaterally localized NET/DAT chimera restored transporter localization to the apical membrane, indicating that the dileucine motifs are critical to the basolateral localization signal embodied within the NET NH(2)-terminal region.	Alanine	30-38	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Canis lupus familiaris	87-90
9401021-6	1997	Genetic analysis of this region (Gln3p residues 126 to 138, QQNGEIAQLWDFN) demonstrated that alanine may be substituted for the aromatic and acidic amino acids without destroying transcriptional activation potential.	Alanine	93-100	nitrogen-responsive transcriptional regulator GLN3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-38
9398173-1	1997	The catalytic general base, Pro-1, of the enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase has been mutated to Gly, Ala, Val, and Leu, residues with aliphatic side chains.	Alanine	103-106	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	28-33
9398173-9	1997	The P1G and P1A mutants showed 10- and 4-fold decreases, respectively, in catalysis of exchange of the C3 proton of the substrate 2-oxo-1,6-hexanedioate, consistent with the lower basicities of Gly-1 and Ala-1 compared to Pro-1.	Alanine	204-207	zinc finger protein 185 with LIM domain	Homo sapiens	4-15
21515584-7	2011	While alanine replacements at single potential N-glycosylation sites of FucTA resulted in a loss of up to 80% of the activity, a triple glycosylation site mutant still retained 5%, as compared to the control.	Alanine	6-13	fucosyltransferase 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-77
21872626-2	2011	HLA-B*44:02:01:01 and -B*44:27 are considered functionally identical because they differ by a single amino acid substitution of Val &gt; Ala at position 199, which is located in the alpha3 domain.	Alanine	137-140	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	0-5
9348274-15	1997	GH and EGF combination therapy significantly increased alanine and arginine transport in distal small bowel after 70 % enterectomy but not in the proximal small bowel.	Alanine	55-62	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	7-10
11714284-11	2001	The similarity of effects of the alanine substitutions of the amino acids in the alpha-helical region for IIA(Glc) binding affinity and cation-promoted association by Zn(II) indicates that they function as a cooperative unit.	Alanine	33-40	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	106-109
21621561-0	2011	The N-terminal alanine-extended GLP-1/IgG-Fc fusion protein confers resistance to DPP-IV and reduces serum glucose level in db/db mice.	Alanine	15-22	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	82-88
11800559-5	2001	This is clear from a simple analysis of the binding site preferences and co-crystal structures for the Asp20--&gt;Ala point mutant of Zif268.	Alanine	114-117	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	134-140
9385632-5	1997	Comparison with the recently determined structures of CypA in complexes with larger fragments of the HIV-1 capsid protein demonstrates that CypA recognition of these hexapeptides involves contacts with peptide residues Ala(Val) 88, Gly 89, and Pro 90, and is independent of the context of longer sequences.	Alanine	219-222	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	140-144
9380693-5	1997	Either attachment of an epitope tag to the C terminus or replacement of these three serine residues with alanine abolishes TGF-beta-induced Smad3 phosphorylation; these proteins act in a dominant-negative fashion to block the antiproliferative effect of TGF-beta in mink lung epithelial cells.	Alanine	105-112	decapentaplegic	Drosophila melanogaster	254-262
9294141-4	1997	Using alanine-substituted peptide analogues of the native PLP peptide, we show that the Th2 clones have shifted their primary contact residue to the NH2-terminal end of the peptide.	Alanine	6-13	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	88-91
21621561-4	2011	Here, we show that the Ala or Gly-extended GLP-1/IgG-Fc fusion protein is resistant to DPP-IV and has increased half-life in vivo.	Alanine	23-26	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	87-93
21854744-1	2011	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by an alanine tract expansion mutation in poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1).	Alanine	88-95	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	124-157
9305787-2	1997	The second analog, CB-2, is identical to CB-1 except for the insertion of a Gly-Pro residue pair between Pro-24 and Ala-25.	Alanine	116-119	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
9171884-5	1997	The peptide Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-Phe-Arg-D-Trp9-Ala-Lys]-NH2 demonstrated the greatest differentiation in binding affinity between the hMC1R and hMC4R (78-fold).	Alanine	44-47	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	131-146
11788096-3	2001	A polymorphism at position 49 in the CTLA-4 gene, causing a substitution of Thr --&gt; Ala, has been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including diabetes.	Alanine	87-90	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
21769085-12	2011	Mutation of S(1356)S(1360)S(1364) in SCC cells to non-phosphorylatable alanines stabilized HD-like structures and substantially reduced migration, while mutation into phosphorylation mimicking aspartate reduced HD-like structures but had no effect on migration, suggesting that serine phosphorylation function is releasing anchorage rather than promoting migration.	Alanine	71-79	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	37-40
11673617-8	2001	Further analyses revealed that several plastid-encoded tRNAs including trnE-UUC that has dual function for protein and ALA biosyntheses were drastically reduced in the sig2-1 mutant.	Alanine	119-122	RNApolymerase sigma subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	168-172
9169608-2	1997	The three mutant forms of tau had the following serine residues, known to be phosphorylated by GSK-3, replaced with alanine residues so as to preclude their phosphorylation: (1) Ser-199 and Ser-202 (Ser-199/202-->Ala), (2) Ser-235 (Ser-235-->Ala) and (3) Ser-396 and Ser-404 (Ser-396/404-->Ala).	Alanine	116-123	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	26-29
9169608-2	1997	The three mutant forms of tau had the following serine residues, known to be phosphorylated by GSK-3, replaced with alanine residues so as to preclude their phosphorylation: (1) Ser-199 and Ser-202 (Ser-199/202-->Ala), (2) Ser-235 (Ser-235-->Ala) and (3) Ser-396 and Ser-404 (Ser-396/404-->Ala).	Alanine	213-216	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	26-29
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
9092542-4	1997	The transitions changed codon 104 from ATC (Ile) in hGSTP1*A to GTC (Val) in hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C and changed codon 113 from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) in hGSTP1*C. Both amino changes are in the electrophile-binding active site of the GST Pi peptide.	Alanine	131-134	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	52-58
11468284-3	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was used to show that residues in the Ig-like domain of the G-CSF-R (Phe(75), Gln(87), and Gln(91)) interact with G-CSF.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 3 receptor	Homo sapiens	89-96
11468284-3	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was used to show that residues in the Ig-like domain of the G-CSF-R (Phe(75), Gln(87), and Gln(91)) interact with G-CSF.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	89-94
9092542-4	1997	The transitions changed codon 104 from ATC (Ile) in hGSTP1*A to GTC (Val) in hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C and changed codon 113 from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) in hGSTP1*C. Both amino changes are in the electrophile-binding active site of the GST Pi peptide.	Alanine	131-134	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
11513726-7	2001	However, a glycine residue adjacent to the D-5 inositol-phosphate-binding site in DAPP1 is substituted for a larger alanine residue in TAPP1, which also induces a conformational change in the neighbouring residues.	Alanine	116-123	pleckstrin homology domain containing A1	Homo sapiens	135-140
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	angiopoietin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-210
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	41-48	pleckstrin homology domain containing A1	Homo sapiens	80-85
9092542-4	1997	The transitions changed codon 104 from ATC (Ile) in hGSTP1*A to GTC (Val) in hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C and changed codon 113 from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) in hGSTP1*C. Both amino changes are in the electrophile-binding active site of the GST Pi peptide.	Alanine	131-134	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
9092542-4	1997	The transitions changed codon 104 from ATC (Ile) in hGSTP1*A to GTC (Val) in hGSTP1*B and hGSTP1*C and changed codon 113 from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) in hGSTP1*C. Both amino changes are in the electrophile-binding active site of the GST Pi peptide.	Alanine	131-134	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	77-83
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	41-48	pleckstrin homology domain containing A1	Homo sapiens	186-191
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	36-39	NAD kinase	Homo sapiens	65-75
11513726-8	2001	We show that mutation of this glycine to alanine in DAPP1 converts DAPP1 into a TAPP1-like PH domain that only interacts with PtdIns(3,4)P(2), whereas the alanine to glycine mutation in TAPP1 permits the TAPP1 PH domain to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3).	Alanine	41-48	pleckstrin homology domain containing A1	Homo sapiens	186-191
9120314-6	1997	This was confirmed by mutation of the cysteines to alanines, which abolished the aberrant migration of fibrillarin in the presence of HgCl2.	Alanine	51-59	fibrillarin	Mus musculus	103-114
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	36-39	NAD kinase	Homo sapiens	163-173
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	209-212	NAD kinase	Homo sapiens	65-75
21730068-6	2011	Conversely, simultaneous changes of Ala-330 and His-351 of human NAD kinase into Ser and Arg residues significantly increased the ratio of NADH kinase activity to NAD kinase activity from 0.043 to 1.39; human Ala-330 corresponds to Pos5 Ser-272, which interacts with the side chain of Arg-293.	Alanine	209-212	NAD kinase	Homo sapiens	163-173
9020087-7	1997	We introduced site-directed mutations to change the Lys-129 of CD38 to Ala and to Arg.	Alanine	71-74	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	63-67
21882401-12	2004	A DOTA-Gly-benzoyl group was added to the C-terminus to form DOTA-Gly-benzoyl-d-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (RM1).	Alanine	92-95	GCY	Homo sapiens	108-111
11455010-10	2001	Amino acids important for the binding of vesnarinone were identified using alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues believed to line the inner cavity of the HERG channel.	Alanine	75-82	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	157-161
11463838-5	2001	Site-directed alanine mutagenesis of these residues together with in vitro and in vivo binding studies elucidated how RFXAP and CIITA, which simultaneously interact with RFXANK in vivo, bind to two opposite faces of its ankyrin repeats.	Alanine	14-21	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	128-133
21882401-17	2004	(8) inserted one more Ala(SO3H) moiety in the linker of [(18)F]7b to form 3-cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 ([(18)F]BAY 86-4367).	Alanine	22-25	autosomal striping	Mus musculus	157-160
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	244-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
21882401-17	2004	(8) inserted one more Ala(SO3H) moiety in the linker of [(18)F]7b to form 3-cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 ([(18)F]BAY 86-4367).	Alanine	106-109	autosomal striping	Mus musculus	157-160
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	244-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
11352917-6	2001	Mutating these residues to alanine reduced the interaction of ERK2 with MEK1 in cells.	Alanine	27-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
21807946-4	2011	Point mutation of these Ser residues to alanine (Ala) abolished the JNK-induced ubiquitylation by SCF(betaTrCP), and point mutation of DAG to AAG or DAA eradicated both betaTrCP binding and ubiquitylation.	Alanine	49-52	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	102-110
8985337-3	1997	Deleting the ACD from the HCMV pAP, or substituting Ala for a conserved Leu in the ACD, eliminated detectable pAP self-interaction and also substantially reduced MCP binding in the two-hybrid assay.	Alanine	52-55	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	110-113
8985337-3	1997	Deleting the ACD from the HCMV pAP, or substituting Ala for a conserved Leu in the ACD, eliminated detectable pAP self-interaction and also substantially reduced MCP binding in the two-hybrid assay.	Alanine	52-55	major capsid protein	Human betaherpesvirus 5	162-165
21680735-6	2011	Furthermore, exchange of His-88, mediating an intramolecular H(+)-shuttle in CAIV, to alanine resulted only in a slight decrease in CAIV-mediated augmentation of MCT2 activity.	Alanine	86-93	carbonic anhydrase 4 gene 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	132-136
8940298-3	1996	Here we provide a systematic analysis using alanine scanning mutagenesis of amino acids from Ser405 to Gly419 on a truncated hRAR alpha (delta419) to identify residues within this region that are responsible for transcriptional activity.	Alanine	44-51	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	125-135
8940298-8	1996	A full-length hRAR alpha mutant with an alanine substitution at position 406 (hRAR alpha M406A) binds tRA, but unlike the truncated M406A, which lacks the "F" region, it is not transcriptionally active.	Alanine	40-47	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24
8940298-8	1996	A full-length hRAR alpha mutant with an alanine substitution at position 406 (hRAR alpha M406A) binds tRA, but unlike the truncated M406A, which lacks the "F" region, it is not transcriptionally active.	Alanine	40-47	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-88
11444880-4	2001	In this manuscript, the results of serine to alanine mutations at five sites on FIP-3 (NEMO/IKKgamma) are described, and functional assays demonstrated that two of these mutants affect both the phosphorylation and kinase activity of IKKbeta.	Alanine	45-52	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	80-85
11444880-4	2001	In this manuscript, the results of serine to alanine mutations at five sites on FIP-3 (NEMO/IKKgamma) are described, and functional assays demonstrated that two of these mutants affect both the phosphorylation and kinase activity of IKKbeta.	Alanine	45-52	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	87-91
11444880-4	2001	In this manuscript, the results of serine to alanine mutations at five sites on FIP-3 (NEMO/IKKgamma) are described, and functional assays demonstrated that two of these mutants affect both the phosphorylation and kinase activity of IKKbeta.	Alanine	45-52	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	92-100
11418464-3	2001	An Ala-to-Ile mutation was created in the beta6 position of the mouse beta-major globin gene (beta(6I)) as a step toward the development of a murine model system that could serve as a platform for therapeutic gene correction studies.	Alanine	3-6	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	70-87
21646385-6	2011	Co-expression of GSK3 enhanced the PA28gamma-mediated degradation of MAFA, but mutants that contained alanine substitutions at the MAFA phosphorylation sites did not bind PA28gamma and were resistant to degradation.	Alanine	102-109	MAF bZIP transcription factor A	Homo sapiens	131-135
11320308-0	2001	Protein crystallization by rational mutagenesis of surface residues: Lys to Ala mutations promote crystallization of RhoGDI.	Alanine	76-79	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-123
11320308-4	2001	This paper reports the results of experiments with an important cytosolic regulator of GTPases, human RhoGDI, in which lysine residues were systematically mutated to alanines.	Alanine	166-174	Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	102-108
8922378-1	1996	Peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of the homodimeric enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT) in the autosomal recessive disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is associated with the combined presence of a normally occurring Pro(11)Leu polymorphism and a PH1-specific Gly170Arg mutation.	Alanine	67-74	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	176-179
8922378-1	1996	Peroxisome-to-mitochondrion mistargeting of the homodimeric enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (AGT) in the autosomal recessive disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is associated with the combined presence of a normally occurring Pro(11)Leu polymorphism and a PH1-specific Gly170Arg mutation.	Alanine	67-74	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	276-279
8938643-5	1996	The first 18aa residues of the Alt represented a putative signal sequence with alanine at its carboxy terminus.	Alanine	79-86	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	31-34
21586568-10	2011	We also found that serine to alanine substitutions in the sequences between SH2 and RIN family homology domain of RIN3 specifically abolished its GEF action on Rab31 but not Rab5.	Alanine	29-36	Ras and Rab interactor 3	Homo sapiens	114-118
8917699-2	1996	A primary murine mesothelial cell line (D9) spontaneously acquired a point mutation at codon 135 in exon 5 of the p53 gene, resulting in substitution of alanine for proline; early passage D9 cells expressed wild-type p53.	Alanine	153-160	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	114-117
21627799-6	2011	Here we demonstrate that delivery of Ub conjugates and docking of Ddi1 (and to a lesser extent Dsk2) to the proteasome are strongly impaired by an aspartic acid to alanine point mutation in the highly-conserved D517 residue of Rpn1.	Alanine	164-171	Ddi1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	66-70
8950780-8	1996	These data strongly suggest that the alanine mutations present at D46, D48, and D71 diminished Ca2+ binding to the EGF1 domain of r-PC.	Alanine	37-44	G elongation factor mitochondrial 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
8950780-8	1996	These data strongly suggest that the alanine mutations present at D46, D48, and D71 diminished Ca2+ binding to the EGF1 domain of r-PC.	Alanine	37-44	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	130-134
11293329-6	2001	Substitution of these residues to alanine (B-RafAA) abolished Ras-induced B-Raf activation, without altering the association of B-Raf with other signaling proteins.	Alanine	34-41	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
11293329-6	2001	Substitution of these residues to alanine (B-RafAA) abolished Ras-induced B-Raf activation, without altering the association of B-Raf with other signaling proteins.	Alanine	34-41	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
11279254-2	2001	Scanning mutagenesis with substitution of alanine and tryptophan in GluR6 channels was performed based on the structure of KcsA.	Alanine	42-49	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
8824238-5	1996	Substitution of this whole predicted loop region with alanines completely abrogated high affinity binding of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5.	Alanine	54-62	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	109-115
21627799-6	2011	Here we demonstrate that delivery of Ub conjugates and docking of Ddi1 (and to a lesser extent Dsk2) to the proteasome are strongly impaired by an aspartic acid to alanine point mutation in the highly-conserved D517 residue of Rpn1.	Alanine	164-171	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPN1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	227-231
8824238-5	1996	Substitution of this whole predicted loop region with alanines completely abrogated high affinity binding of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5.	Alanine	54-62	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	117-121
8824238-6	1996	Individual alanine substitutions across the loop revealed that a single residue, Tyr421, is critical for high affinity binding of GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5, whereas alanine substitution of adjacent residues has little or no effect on high affinity binding.	Alanine	11-18	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	130-136
11798584-4	2001	RESULTS: In one of the three families a glycine to alanine substitution was identified in the collagenous region of the COL4A5 gene, and the mutation cosegregates with hematuria in this family.	Alanine	51-58	collagen type IV alpha 5 chain	Homo sapiens	120-126
21440624-4	2011	To identify the role of each residue, we compared the cellular uptake of various deletion mutants and Ala substituents of TCTP-PTD.	Alanine	102-105	tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
11258916-7	2001	Substitution of any of these residues with alanine dramatically impairs nucleotide release activity toward Rab3A, indicating that the DPhiPhi motif is a critical element of the Rab interaction epitope.	Alanine	43-50	RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	107-112
11258916-7	2001	Substitution of any of these residues with alanine dramatically impairs nucleotide release activity toward Rab3A, indicating that the DPhiPhi motif is a critical element of the Rab interaction epitope.	Alanine	43-50	RAB3A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	107-110
8816461-9	1996	In particular, one mutation located in the ATP binding and hydrolysis motif of Upf1p that changed the aspartic and glutamic acid residues to alanine residues (DE572AA) lacked ATPase and helicase activities, and the mutant formed a Upf1p:RNA complex in the absence of ATP; surprisingly, however, the Upf1p:RNA complex dissociated as a consequence of ATP binding.	Alanine	141-148	ATP-dependent RNA helicase NAM7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-84
8816461-9	1996	In particular, one mutation located in the ATP binding and hydrolysis motif of Upf1p that changed the aspartic and glutamic acid residues to alanine residues (DE572AA) lacked ATPase and helicase activities, and the mutant formed a Upf1p:RNA complex in the absence of ATP; surprisingly, however, the Upf1p:RNA complex dissociated as a consequence of ATP binding.	Alanine	141-148	ATP-dependent RNA helicase NAM7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	231-236
8816461-9	1996	In particular, one mutation located in the ATP binding and hydrolysis motif of Upf1p that changed the aspartic and glutamic acid residues to alanine residues (DE572AA) lacked ATPase and helicase activities, and the mutant formed a Upf1p:RNA complex in the absence of ATP; surprisingly, however, the Upf1p:RNA complex dissociated as a consequence of ATP binding.	Alanine	141-148	ATP-dependent RNA helicase NAM7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	231-236
21378189-7	2011	The dadA promoter was induced by several L-amino acids, most strongly by Ala, and only by D-Ala among all tested D-amino acids.	Alanine	73-76	D-amino acid dehydrogenase small subunit	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	4-8
9183643-1	1996	CD26 is a 110 kDa T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPPIV enzyme activity which cleaves amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
8754858-6	1996	Whereas replacement of Thr-169 with serine affects neither Start nor the mitotic activity of Cdc28, replacement with glutamic acid or alanine renders Cdc28 inactive for Start-related functions.	Alanine	134-141	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	150-155
11270616-4	2001	Experiments using stable clones of rat C6 glioma cells transfected with dominant negative IkappaB alpha (serines 32 and 36 replaced by alanine) suggest that NF-kappaB activation (phosphorylation of IkappaB alpha) is involved in LPS/IFNgamma- or IL-1beta/IFNgamma-induced iNOS expression.	Alanine	135-142	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	90-103
21602139-6	2011	RESULTS: In terms of gross observation of the lesion, epidermal thickness and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, ALA-PDT treatment showed obvious therapeutic effect on the skin lesion, and two treatment sessions resulted in better effect than a single session.	Alanine	132-135	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Cavia porcellus	114-118
11160317-3	2001	We investigated the function of the amino acid residues that line the A" and F" pockets of CD1b by engineering 36 alanine-substitution mutants and analyzing their ability to present mycobacterial glycolipid Ags.	Alanine	114-121	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	91-95
11240370-4	2001	METHODS: The cDNA of mouse eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E coding region (either wild-type or mutant, where Trp-56 was mutated to Ala) was transfected into MAC-T cells, and its protein expression was detected by Western blot analysis.	Alanine	142-145	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E	Mus musculus	27-70
8844845-0	1996	Crystal structures of the active site mutant (Arg-243--&gt;Ala) in the T and R allosteric states of pig kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase expressed in Escherichia coli.	Alanine	59-62	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Sus scrofa	111-138
8703906-1	1996	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used to identify residues critical for the cell-proliferative activity of the protein.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	38-75
8703906-1	1996	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was used to identify residues critical for the cell-proliferative activity of the protein.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	77-82
21428925-4	2011	Replacement of phosphosites with alanine decreases Pol III (RNA polymerase III) transcription, but the effect is much more pronounced for human MAF1 than for the yeast protein.	Alanine	33-40	MAF1 homolog, negative regulator of RNA polymerase III	Homo sapiens	144-148
8752914-5	1996	Thr229 of rat p70s6k was substituted by either a neutral amino acid Ala (T229A) or by an acidic amino acid Glu (T229E).	Alanine	68-71	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
21241052-4	2011	The wild-type AlaRS editing domain deacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) with a k(cat)/K(M) of 6.6 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), equivalent to a rate enhancement of 6000 over the rate of enzyme-independent deacylation but only 12.2-fold greater than the rate with Ala-tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	55-58	alanyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	14-19
8928802-5	1996	In contrast, colonic, urinary, and synthetic guanylin had an isoelectric point of approximately 6.0, eluted at 15-16% acetonitrile on C18 RP-HPLC columns, stimulated greater cGMP responses in T84 cells at pH 8 than pH 5.5, and were inactivated by chymotrypsin, which hydrolyzed the Phe-Ala or Try-Ala bonds within guanylin.	Alanine	286-289	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	45-53
8928802-5	1996	In contrast, colonic, urinary, and synthetic guanylin had an isoelectric point of approximately 6.0, eluted at 15-16% acetonitrile on C18 RP-HPLC columns, stimulated greater cGMP responses in T84 cells at pH 8 than pH 5.5, and were inactivated by chymotrypsin, which hydrolyzed the Phe-Ala or Try-Ala bonds within guanylin.	Alanine	297-300	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	45-53
11158025-1	2001	Several studies have demonstrated an association of CTLA4 (IDDM12) alanine-17 with type 1 diabetes, but CTLA4 variants have not yet been investigated in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	67-74	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
11158025-1	2001	Several studies have demonstrated an association of CTLA4 (IDDM12) alanine-17 with type 1 diabetes, but CTLA4 variants have not yet been investigated in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	67-74	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
11152499-7	2001	Replacement of all four of these residues in PKR with alanines did not dramatically affect kinase activity in vitro or in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.	Alanine	54-62	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	45-48
21241052-4	2011	The wild-type AlaRS editing domain deacylated Ser-tRNA(Ala) with a k(cat)/K(M) of 6.6 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), equivalent to a rate enhancement of 6000 over the rate of enzyme-independent deacylation but only 12.2-fold greater than the rate with Ala-tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	55-58	alanyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	14-19
8645305-0	1996	Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved serine 138 of human placental NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase to an alanine results in an inactive enzyme.	Alanine	132-139	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	73-125
11288988-4	2001	We evaluated the allele distribution of the following loci: CTLA-4 exon 1 A49G dimorphism, which resulted in an amino acidic exchange (Thr/Ala) in the leader peptide, CTLA-4 3" microsatellite, HLA DRB1 and DQB1 in 126 patients with HT and in 301 control subjects from an Italian population (Lazio region).	Alanine	139-142	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
21241052-6	2011	C666A AlaRS was 1.7-fold more active on Ala-tRNA(Ala) relative to Ser-tRNA(Ala), providing the only example of a true reversal of substrate specificity and highlighting a potential role of the coordinated zinc in editing substrate specificity.	Alanine	40-43	alanyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	6-11
8645305-3	1996	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change serine 138 of NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase to an alanine.	Alanine	118-125	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	59-111
21241052-6	2011	C666A AlaRS was 1.7-fold more active on Ala-tRNA(Ala) relative to Ser-tRNA(Ala), providing the only example of a true reversal of substrate specificity and highlighting a potential role of the coordinated zinc in editing substrate specificity.	Alanine	40-43	alanyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	6-11
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB32, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	64-69
8647461-2	1996	First, LCK M was produced by direct expression of a Gly2 --&gt; Ala mutant of LCK.	Alanine	64-67	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	7-10
11313949-11	2001	However, we provide evidence that Ser503 participates in CEACAM1-L-mediated tumor inhibition as its mutation to an Ala led to in vivo tumor development, contrary to the tumor inhibitory phenotype observed with the wild-type CEACAM1-L protein.	Alanine	115-118	carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	57-64
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB32, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	125-130
8647461-2	1996	First, LCK M was produced by direct expression of a Gly2 --&gt; Ala mutant of LCK.	Alanine	64-67	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	78-81
21187289-3	2011	In this study, we succeeded in identifying critical residues of Rab32/38 and Varp that are critical for the formation of the Rab32/38 Varp complex by performing Ala-based site-directed mutagenesis, and we discovered that a conserved Val residue in the switch II region of Rab32(Val-92) and Rab38(Val-78) is required for Varp binding activity and that its point mutant, Rab38(V78A), does not support Tyrp1 trafficking in Rab32/38-deficient melanocytes.	Alanine	161-164	RAB32, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	125-130
11642611-8	2001	TCR transgenic T cells specific to cytochrome c peptide 88-104 acquired the capacity to respond to the low-affinity analogue at position 99 (lys--&gt;ala) if PAHA was present during their development.	Alanine	150-153	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	0-3
21284559-6	2011	The specific activity of DP4 for neuropeptide Y (NPY) cleavage comprising a proline in P1-position is the same range as the k(cat)/K(m) values of NPY derivatives containing alanine or serine in P1-position with 4 x 105 M-1 s-1, 9.5 x 105 M-1 s-1 and 2.1 x 105 M-1 s-1, respectively.	Alanine	173-180	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	146-149
8546710-5	1996	Two variants of human DBH that differ by a single amino acid (either serine or alanine) at position 304 were expressed in Drosophila cells, purified, and found to have no significant difference in enzyme activity.	Alanine	79-86	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	22-25
9004490-0	1996	The tubulin gene family of Paramecium: characterization and expression of the alpha PT1 and alpha PT2 genes which code for alpha-tubulins with unusual C-terminal amino acids, GLY and ALA.	Alanine	183-186	zinc finger protein 77	Homo sapiens	84-87
21738359-0	2011	Topical ALA-Photodynamic Therapy for Acne Can Induce Apoptosis of Sebocytes and Down-regulate Their TLR-2 and TLR-4 Expression.	Alanine	8-11	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
9004490-4	1996	We show that P tetraurelia possesses four alpha- and three beta-genes and we report the cloning and sequencing of two intronless alpha-genes, alpha PT1 and alpha PT2, which code for very similar polypeptides, differing only by their unusual C-terminal amino acids, respectively GLY and ALA.	Alanine	286-289	zinc finger protein 77	Homo sapiens	148-165
11173539-5	2001	Mutations of Smad2 were detected in 2 out of 12 HCCs (16.7%) induced by the CDAA diet, a GGT-to-GGC transition (Gly to Gly) at codon 30 and a TCT-to-GCT (Ser to Ala) transversion at codon 118, without any TGF-betaRII or Smad4 alterations.	Alanine	161-164	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
7499236-6	1995	A carboxyl-terminal proline/alanine-rich region of EVX1 seems to be responsible for the transcriptional repression activity, as suggested by transfection of EVX1 mutants.	Alanine	28-35	even-skipped homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
21290626-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]6b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	48-51	GCY	Homo sapiens	67-70
7499236-6	1995	A carboxyl-terminal proline/alanine-rich region of EVX1 seems to be responsible for the transcriptional repression activity, as suggested by transfection of EVX1 mutants.	Alanine	28-35	even-skipped homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	157-161
10986281-5	2000	MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -10, and -13 preferentially attacked the Ala(360)-Phe(361) bond, whereas aggrecanase-1 cleaved the Glu(395)-Ser(396) bond, which are similar to the cleavage sites observed with cartilage proteoglycan (aggrecan) for the MMPs and aggrecanase-1, respectively.	Alanine	64-67	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-35
11108274-3	2000	To evaluate the contribution of Sec133 to the catalytic properties of hD2, we generated mutants in which cysteine (Cys) or alanine (Ala) replaced Sec133.	Alanine	123-130	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
21290626-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]6b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	48-51	GCY	Homo sapiens	146-149
11108274-3	2000	To evaluate the contribution of Sec133 to the catalytic properties of hD2, we generated mutants in which cysteine (Cys) or alanine (Ala) replaced Sec133.	Alanine	132-135	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	70-73
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	74-77	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	20-23
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	74-77	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	79-82
21290627-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]7b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	32-35	GCY	Homo sapiens	73-76
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	74-77	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	79-82
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	83-86	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	20-23
21290627-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]7b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	32-35	GCY	Homo sapiens	158-161
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	83-86	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	79-82
21098030-8	2011	Mutation of amino acid residues Trp-2 and Ala-80 that are important for trans interaction in classical cadherin adhesive binding abolished Dsc2 binding, indicating that these residues are also involved in desmosomal adhesion.	Alanine	42-45	desmocollin 2	Homo sapiens	139-143
7565749-4	1995	It was found that a Myb mutant in which Ser-11 and -12 were replaced with Ala (Myb Ala-11/12), wild-type c-Myb, and Myb Asp-11/12 bound to the A site of the mim-1 promoter with decreasing affinities.	Alanine	83-86	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	79-82
7565749-5	1995	In agreement with this finding, Myb Ala-11/12 transactivated better than wild-type c-Myb and Myb Asp-11/12 on the mim-1 promoter or a synthetic Myb-responsive promoter.	Alanine	36-39	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	32-35
7473721-2	1995	For example, an alanine residue at H71 provides room for packing CDR2/CDR1 and lysine residues at H73 and H93 contribute a salt-bridge to aspartic acid at H55 in CDR2 and a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl group at H96 in CDR3, respectively.	Alanine	16-23	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
7473721-6	1995	Our results indicate that heavy-chain framework residues alanine at H71 and lysine at H93 of the chimeric B72.3 antibody are the major determinants of the conformation of heavy-chain CDR2/CDR1 and CDR3 loops, whereas the salt-bridge between lysine at H73 and aspartic acid at H55 is less important.	Alanine	57-64	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
11216649-6	2000	To test this hypothesis 10 scanning alanine mutants of rFSHR at the 265-296 epitope were generated, and the binding characteristics of these mutants were studied.	Alanine	36-43	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
10973963-12	2000	Alanine substitutions in the region abolished GADD45 induction of a G(2)/M arrest and its inactivation of the Cdc2 kinase but not its binding to Cdc2, PCNA, or p21(waf1).	Alanine	0-7	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
11005803-5	2000	Yeast strains containing alanine substitutions in the PCNA binding motif of Msh6 or Msh3 had elevated mutation rates, indicating that these interactions are important for genome stability.	Alanine	25-32	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	54-58
11038281-5	2000	The best of these substrates, (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Ala-Phe-Lys(2, 4-dinitrophenyl), is hydrolyzed by ECE-1 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 1.9 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), making it the most sensitive substrate yet described for ECE-1.	Alanine	85-88	endothelin converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
7503799-5	1995	The purified enzyme catalyzed the transamination of L-alanine (Ala) and glyoxylate (glyx) at pH 8.5 by a ping-pong mechanism with kinetic parameters of kcat = 17 sec-1, KL-Ala = 3.2 mM, and Kglyx = 0.3 mM, respectively.	Alanine	52-61	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
21545219-11	2011	GSTP1 gene was also found to have novel substitution mutations of A2848 to T and G2849 to A in exon 7 resulting in leucine to leucine and alanine to threonine formation respectively.	Alanine	138-145	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
7503799-5	1995	The purified enzyme catalyzed the transamination of L-alanine (Ala) and glyoxylate (glyx) at pH 8.5 by a ping-pong mechanism with kinetic parameters of kcat = 17 sec-1, KL-Ala = 3.2 mM, and Kglyx = 0.3 mM, respectively.	Alanine	63-66	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
7588631-9	1995	Stabilization of CAK complexes by MAT1 does not involve phosphorylation of Thr176, as the Thr176--&gt;Ala mutant of Xenopus cdk7 could engage as efficiently as wild-type cdk7 in ternary complexes.	Alanine	102-105	MNAT1, CDK activating kinase assembly factor L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	34-38
11038281-5	2000	The best of these substrates, (7-methoxycoumarin-4-yl)acetyl-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Ala-Phe-Lys(2, 4-dinitrophenyl), is hydrolyzed by ECE-1 with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 1.9 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), making it the most sensitive substrate yet described for ECE-1.	Alanine	85-88	endothelin converting enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	251-256
8548288-7	1995	Two CFTR residues in this domain--Val397 and Lys420--were identified which, when changed to alanine, altered the response to cGMP independently of the response to cAMP.	Alanine	92-99	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-8
20925653-8	2011	When seven autophosphorylated serine residues in this domain were mutated to alanine, the mutant form of IKKbeta lost its ability to bind G4-1 and was more potent than the wild-type kinase to activate NF-kappaB.	Alanine	77-84	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	105-112
7657703-10	1995	Synthetic peptides corresponding to this region in beta 3 were found to bind RGD-displaying phage and conversion of its two aspartic residues into alanines greatly reduced the RGD binding.	Alanine	147-155	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	51-57
11041858-3	2000	We have partially purified the wild-type (wt) and mutants of eIF2alpha in which the serine 51 residue was replaced with alanine (51A mutant) or aspartic acid (51D mutant) in the baculovirus system.	Alanine	120-127	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Oryctolagus cuniculus	61-70
11032810-4	2000	Substitution of these residues by alanine (B-RafAA) abolished Ras-induced B-Raf activation without altering the association of B-Raf with other signaling proteins.	Alanine	34-41	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
11032810-4	2000	Substitution of these residues by alanine (B-RafAA) abolished Ras-induced B-Raf activation without altering the association of B-Raf with other signaling proteins.	Alanine	34-41	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
20925653-8	2011	When seven autophosphorylated serine residues in this domain were mutated to alanine, the mutant form of IKKbeta lost its ability to bind G4-1 and was more potent than the wild-type kinase to activate NF-kappaB.	Alanine	77-84	protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''gamma	Homo sapiens	138-142
7539102-5	1995	Similarly, K562, cells stably transfected with a plasmid vector containing the temperature-sensitive human p53 mutant Ala-143 demonstrated a four- to sixfold upregulation of Fas/APO-1 by flow-cytometric analysis at the permissive temperature of 32.5 degrees C. Temperature-sensitive upregulation of Fas/APO-1 in K562 Ala-143 cells was verified by immunoprecipitation and demonstrated to result from enhanced mRNA production by nuclear run-on and Northern (RNA) analyses.	Alanine	118-121	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	178-183
7539102-5	1995	Similarly, K562, cells stably transfected with a plasmid vector containing the temperature-sensitive human p53 mutant Ala-143 demonstrated a four- to sixfold upregulation of Fas/APO-1 by flow-cytometric analysis at the permissive temperature of 32.5 degrees C. Temperature-sensitive upregulation of Fas/APO-1 in K562 Ala-143 cells was verified by immunoprecipitation and demonstrated to result from enhanced mRNA production by nuclear run-on and Northern (RNA) analyses.	Alanine	118-121	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	303-308
22216341-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Delta6-Desaturase (Fads2) is widely regarded as rate-limiting in the conversion of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA).	Alanine	134-137	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
22216341-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Delta6-Desaturase (Fads2) is widely regarded as rate-limiting in the conversion of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA).	Alanine	134-137	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
22216341-4	2011	One possible control point is a second reaction involving Fads2 itself, since this enzyme catalyses desaturation of 24:5n-3 to 24:6n-3, as well as ALA to SDA.	Alanine	147-150	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
10807921-4	2000	In this report, we used alanine scanning insertion mutagenesis in the TMDs of E1 and E2 to examine their role in the assembly of E1E2 heterodimer.	Alanine	24-31	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	78-86
7755592-4	1995	The full-length IP3R1 with replacement of Trp-1576 by Ala lost its CaM-binding ability.	Alanine	54-57	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	16-21
21882541-3	2011	Case-control study of GLO1 gene suggested that Ala allele of Glu111Ala was associated with schizophrenia.	Alanine	47-50	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	22-26
11003667-3	2000	CIITA LRR alanine mutations abolish both the transactivation capacity of full-length CIITA and the dominant-negative phenotype of CIITA mutants with N-terminal deletions.	Alanine	10-17	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	0-5
11003667-3	2000	CIITA LRR alanine mutations abolish both the transactivation capacity of full-length CIITA and the dominant-negative phenotype of CIITA mutants with N-terminal deletions.	Alanine	10-17	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	85-90
11003667-3	2000	CIITA LRR alanine mutations abolish both the transactivation capacity of full-length CIITA and the dominant-negative phenotype of CIITA mutants with N-terminal deletions.	Alanine	10-17	class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Homo sapiens	85-90
7637888-0	1995	Low potency inhibition of Ca2+ channel currents in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by [Ala31]NPY, an L-alanine substituted analogue of neuropeptide Y.	Alanine	105-114	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	97-100
20937827-4	2010	However, we identified a site phosphorylated by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in the GRASP65 N-terminal domain for which mutation to aspartic acid blocked tethering and alanine substitution prevented mitotic Golgi unlinking.	Alanine	165-172	golgi reassembly stacking protein 1	Homo sapiens	81-88
7637888-0	1995	Low potency inhibition of Ca2+ channel currents in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by [Ala31]NPY, an L-alanine substituted analogue of neuropeptide Y.	Alanine	105-114	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	139-153
7637888-3	1995	[Ala31]NPY, a residue 31 L-alanine substituted analogue of NPY, also inhibited Ca2+ channel currents and caused slowing of activation kinetics, but with approximately 6-fold lower potency.	Alanine	25-34	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	7-10
7637888-3	1995	[Ala31]NPY, a residue 31 L-alanine substituted analogue of NPY, also inhibited Ca2+ channel currents and caused slowing of activation kinetics, but with approximately 6-fold lower potency.	Alanine	25-34	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	59-62
7741698-1	1995	Based upon the observed cleavage of various peptidyl substrates by the recombinant prohormone convertases PC1 and furin, an intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic peptidyl substrate, (o-aminobenzoyl)-Lys-Glu-Arg-Ser-Lys-Arg-Ser-Ala-Leu-Arg-Asp-(3-nitro)Ty r-Ala, was synthesized.	Alanine	227-230	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
11032020-7	2000	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues 30-55 revealed two different amino acids, P41 and P44, of mouse JunD that were critical for interaction with menin.	Alanine	0-7	transformation related protein 53	Mus musculus	91-94
11032020-7	2000	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues 30-55 revealed two different amino acids, P41 and P44, of mouse JunD that were critical for interaction with menin.	Alanine	0-7	jun D proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	105-109
10995387-12	2000	Importantly, mutation of Cdk2 phosphorylation sites to alanine abrogates the ability of p220 to activate the histone H2B promoter.	Alanine	55-62	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	88-92
21076071-5	2010	Subsequently, alanine substitutions at various C1q binding sites were separately introduced to the Fc region of the IgG1 mAb.	Alanine	14-21	complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	47-50
10913301-2	2000	Dipeptidylpeptidase IV cleaves GLP-2 at the position 2 alanine, resulting in the inactivation of peptide activity.	Alanine	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
7718575-8	1995	The GCD cleaved the fluorogenic peptides Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 and Dnp-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2 with catalytic efficiency close to full length human gelatinase A.	Alanine	65-68	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
7718575-8	1995	The GCD cleaved the fluorogenic peptides Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 and Dnp-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Trp-Ala-D-Arg-NH2 with catalytic efficiency close to full length human gelatinase A.	Alanine	105-108	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
7714109-4	1995	This mutation codes for a change (Ala to Ser) in the TSHR structure and is somatic and heterozygotic.	Alanine	34-37	thyrotropin receptor	Cricetulus griseus	53-57
20928850-0	2010	Comparison of aromatic NH   pi, OH   pi, and CH   pi interactions of alanine using MP2, CCSD, and DFT methods.	Alanine	69-76	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
7536886-7	1995	L-161,664 has reduced affinity for mutants of the NK-1 receptor in which alanine has replaced Gln-165 in transmembrane helix 4, His-197 in helix 5, His-265 in helix 6, or Tyr-287 in helix 7.	Alanine	73-80	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	50-63
10924457-2	2000	To identify individual amino acids required for Abd1p function, we introduced alanine mutations at 35 positions of the 436-amino acid yeast protein.	Alanine	78-85	mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	48-53
20828147-10	2010	We can conclude that mutation of the proline residues to alanine accelerates the aggregation kinetics of alpha-syn while all proline mutants formed fibrils similar to His-WT alpha-syn, as visualized via transmission electron microscopy.	Alanine	57-64	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	105-114
10908300-2	2000	We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) phosphorylation sites, S261 and S266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rMOR1) confers resistance to CaMK II-induced receptor desensitization.	Alanine	158-166	opioid receptor, mu 1	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
7708669-6	1995	Based on this structural evidence, H-2Kb has at least two submotifs: one with Tyr at P5 (or P6 for nonamer peptides) and a small residue at P2 (i.e., Ala or Gly) and another with Phe at P5 and a medium-sized hydrophobic residue at P2 (i.e., Ile).	Alanine	150-153	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	35-40
20828147-12	2010	Finally, we show that the mutant of His alpha-syn with all five proline residues mutated to alanine is more structured (more alpha-helix) than His-WT alpha-syn, indicating the role of the Pro residues as potential helix breakers in the inhibitory conformation of the C-terminus.	Alanine	92-99	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	40-49
20679339-2	2010	Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) cleave collagen after the Gly residue of the triplet sequence Gly~[Ile/Leu]-[Ala/Leu] at a single, unique, position along the peptide chain.	Alanine	110-113	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
11208151-3	2000	We have analyzed a mutant of MPR46, in which the dileucine pair was replaced by alanines (MPR46 LL/AA) with respect to its intracellular distribution and trafficking.	Alanine	80-88	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	29-34
11208151-3	2000	We have analyzed a mutant of MPR46, in which the dileucine pair was replaced by alanines (MPR46 LL/AA) with respect to its intracellular distribution and trafficking.	Alanine	80-88	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	90-95
20594158-2	2010	However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded to GLP-1(9-36) by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which removes the N-terminal dipeptide His(7)-Ala(8).	Alanine	133-136	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	53-76
7890714-7	1995	Furthermore, substrate binding by wild-type PI-SceI stimulates hydroxyl radical or hydroxide ion attack at the cleavage site while binding by the alanine-substituted proteins either stimulates this attack significantly less or protects the DNA at this position.	Alanine	146-153	intron-encoded endonuclease I-SceI	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-51
20594158-2	2010	However, GLP-1 is rapidly degraded to GLP-1(9-36) by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which removes the N-terminal dipeptide His(7)-Ala(8).	Alanine	133-136	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	78-84
10777513-9	2000	The most potent analog, [Ala(3,10,12),Arg(11), Trp(14)]rPTH(1-14)NH(2), stimulated inositol phosphate production with hP1R-WT.	Alanine	25-28	thioredoxin domain containing 17	Homo sapiens	47-53
20179965-2	2010	Here, we report a novel homozygous point mutation of SRD5A2 gene at codon 65 in exon 1, due to a proline for alanine substitution in a Turkish family whose proband has severe undervirilization.	Alanine	109-116	steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2	Homo sapiens	53-59
10891092-5	2000	Replacement of W215 with Ala almost obliterates Na(+) binding, reduces the level of fibrinogen cleavage 500-fold, but decreases the levels of protein C activation and PAR-1 cleavage only 3- and 25-fold, respectively.	Alanine	25-28	Prader Willi/Angelman region RNA 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
10861238-3	2000	The epitope recognized by the anti-hEGF antibodies was further characterized using 8 chimaeras between hEGF and an EGF-repeat from Drosophila Notch and was found to include Met(21), Ala(30) and Asn(32).	Alanine	182-185	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	35-39
10911739-4	2000	We replaced these amino acids of ppR with amino acids corresponding to those of bacteriorhodopsin, Val-108 to Met, Gly-130 to Ser and Thr-204 to Ala.	Alanine	145-148	PPR1	Homo sapiens	33-36
10823914-1	2000	A subset of prolyl oligopeptidases, including dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV or CD26, EC ), specifically cleave off N-terminal dipeptides from substrates having proline or alanine in amino acid position 2.	Alanine	173-180	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	46-69
10823914-1	2000	A subset of prolyl oligopeptidases, including dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV or CD26, EC ), specifically cleave off N-terminal dipeptides from substrates having proline or alanine in amino acid position 2.	Alanine	173-180	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	71-77
10823914-1	2000	A subset of prolyl oligopeptidases, including dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV or CD26, EC ), specifically cleave off N-terminal dipeptides from substrates having proline or alanine in amino acid position 2.	Alanine	173-180	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	81-85
10838091-4	2000	Mutation of serine 237 to a non-phosphorylable alanine (MyoD-Ala237) abolished the positive regulation of MyoD by Mos following overexpression in proliferating 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	47-54	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	56-60
10838091-4	2000	Mutation of serine 237 to a non-phosphorylable alanine (MyoD-Ala237) abolished the positive regulation of MyoD by Mos following overexpression in proliferating 10T1/2 cells.	Alanine	47-54	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	106-110
10866039-5	2000	A similar increase in tyrosine phosphorylation was observed in cells overexpressing IRS-1, IRS-2, or SHC together with all HIR mutants except HIR delta JM and a mutant carrying exchanges of serines 1177, 1178, and 1182 to alanine (HIR1177/78/82), although this mutant showed normal autophosphorylation.	Alanine	222-229	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
10872809-1	2000	The acceptor substrate specificities of ST6GalNAc I and II, which act on the synthesis of O-linked oligosaccharides, were reexamined using ovine submaxillary mucin, [Ala-Thr(GalNAc)-Ala]n polymer (n = 7-11).	Alanine	166-169	ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-51
10872809-5	2000	In this study, we present evidence that both ST6GalNAc I and II exhibit activity toward asialo-OSM (ovine submaxillary mucin) and [Ala-Thr(GalNAc)-Ala]n polymer (n = 7-11) which have only the GalNAc-O-Thr/Ser-structures.	Alanine	131-134	ST6 N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	45-56
10825531-11	2000	The mutation of Ser(207) within this motif to Ala completely inactivated PML, suggesting that Ser(207) is the active-site serine of PML.	Alanine	46-49	PML nuclear body scaffold	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
10825531-11	2000	The mutation of Ser(207) within this motif to Ala completely inactivated PML, suggesting that Ser(207) is the active-site serine of PML.	Alanine	46-49	PML nuclear body scaffold	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
10753663-3	2000	In the present study we investigated their role(s) in intracellular distributions of LGP85 using two alanine substitution mutants at D(470) and E(471) (defined as D470A and E471A, respectively).	Alanine	101-108	scavenger receptor class B member 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
10725222-4	2000	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified two amino acids in this element, tryptophan W405 and leucine L408, that are critical for correct targeting of synaptotagmin II to neurite terminals.	Alanine	6-13	synaptotagmin 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-181
10991662-14	2000	In contrast, immature cultures expressing low GDH activity utilized glutamate at lower rates while releasing substantial amounts of aspartate and alanine into the medium.	Alanine	146-153	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
10681457-4	2000	A dual analog (termed Lys-262-Ala-207) composed of the tandemly arranged two single amino acid analogs of p195-212 and p259-271 was shown to inhibit, in vitro and in vivo, MG-associated autoimmune responses.	Alanine	30-33	transmembrane protein 45a	Mus musculus	106-110
10681529-8	2000	Cyclic GMP kinase I phosphorylated CRP2 at Ser-104, because the mutation to Ala completely prevented the in vivo phosphorylation.	Alanine	76-79	cysteine-rich protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
10618377-2	2000	Alanine substitutions for the ATCase residues Asp-90 and Arg-269 were generated in a bicistronic vector that encodes a 6-histidine-tagged hamster CAD.	Alanine	0-7	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
10615072-6	2000	Phosphorylation of H-Arg-Lys-Ile-Ser-Ala-Ser-Glu-Phe-Asp-Arg-Pro-Leu-Arg-OH (BPDEtide), a specific substrate for PKG, measured the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG).	Alanine	37-40	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
10567848-5	2000	Coincubation with H-7 (20 microM) inhibited both EGF- and TPA-stimulated increases in L-alanine uptake, and genistein (20 microg/ml) blocked the stimulatory effect of EGF in L-alanine transport to the control level.	Alanine	86-95	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	49-52
10567848-6	2000	Furthermore, coincubation with cycloheximide (20 microg/ml) for 16 h inhibited both EGF- and TPA-stimulated increases in L-alanine transport to a great extent.	Alanine	121-130	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	84-87
10567848-8	2000	These results suggest that the activation of protein kinase C through tyrosine kinase activation plays a role in the EGF effect of stimulating L-alanine transport in LLC-PK1 cells and that the effect is mainly due to increased protein de novo synthesis which occurs after protein kinase C activation.	Alanine	143-152	epidermal growth factor	Sus scrofa	117-120
10585418-10	1999	The Thr-149 --&gt; Ala mutation in the second intracellular domain of the 5-HT1A receptor disrupted Gbetagamma-selective activation of ACII.	Alanine	19-22	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	74-89
10574970-6	1999	When mouse LAT2 and human 4F2hc cRNAs were co-injected into Xenopus oocytes, disulfide-linked heterodimers were formed, and an L-type amino acid uptake was induced, which differed slightly from that produced by LAT1-4F2hc: the apparent affinity for L-phenylalanine was higher, and L-alanine was transported at physiological concentrations.	Alanine	281-290	linker for activation of T cells family, member 2	Mus musculus	11-15
10574970-6	1999	When mouse LAT2 and human 4F2hc cRNAs were co-injected into Xenopus oocytes, disulfide-linked heterodimers were formed, and an L-type amino acid uptake was induced, which differed slightly from that produced by LAT1-4F2hc: the apparent affinity for L-phenylalanine was higher, and L-alanine was transported at physiological concentrations.	Alanine	281-290	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
10654085-7	1999	Except for Dip5p, which is a transporter for Glu, Asp, Gln, Asn, Ser, Ala and Gly, the rest of the permeases exhibit narrow specificity.	Alanine	70-73	Dip5p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	11-16
10635333-2	1999	Moreover, C/EBP beta-/- mouse hepatocytes respond to TGF alpha when wild-type C/EBP beta is reexpressed, whereas they remain refractory to the growth effect of TGF alpha when expressing phosphoacceptor mutants rat C/EBP beta Ala-105 or mouse C/EBP beta Ala-217.	Alanine	225-228	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	10-20
10635333-2	1999	Moreover, C/EBP beta-/- mouse hepatocytes respond to TGF alpha when wild-type C/EBP beta is reexpressed, whereas they remain refractory to the growth effect of TGF alpha when expressing phosphoacceptor mutants rat C/EBP beta Ala-105 or mouse C/EBP beta Ala-217.	Alanine	253-256	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	10-20
10567393-6	1999	By alanine mutagenesis, Arg(1), Arg(2), and Leu(8) but not Arg(3), Trp(5), and Glu(7) appeared to be critical for binding to FANCG.	Alanine	3-10	FA complementation group G	Homo sapiens	125-130
10582683-1	1999	We have previously described a type I transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor (TbetaR-I) polymorphic allele, TbetaR-I(6A), that has a deletion of three alanines from a nine-alanine stretch.	Alanine	159-167	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	86-94
10582683-1	1999	We have previously described a type I transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor (TbetaR-I) polymorphic allele, TbetaR-I(6A), that has a deletion of three alanines from a nine-alanine stretch.	Alanine	159-167	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
10582683-1	1999	We have previously described a type I transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor (TbetaR-I) polymorphic allele, TbetaR-I(6A), that has a deletion of three alanines from a nine-alanine stretch.	Alanine	159-166	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	86-94
10582683-1	1999	We have previously described a type I transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor (TbetaR-I) polymorphic allele, TbetaR-I(6A), that has a deletion of three alanines from a nine-alanine stretch.	Alanine	159-166	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	116-124
10555969-1	1999	The role of the zinc site in the N-terminal fragment of human Sonic hedgehog (ShhN) was explored by comparing the biophysical and functional properties of wild-type ShhN with those of mutants in which the zinc-coordinating residues H140, D147, and H182, or E176 which interacts with the metal ion via a bridging water molecule, were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	344-351	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Homo sapiens	62-76
10501358-5	1999	This mis-sense substitution results in an alanine residue at codon 49 being replaced with threonine (A49T).	Alanine	42-49	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	5-8
10560244-6	1999	A C--&gt;T transition in codon 614, leading to substitution of a valine for an alanine residue in the pore region of the HERG protein, was identified.	Alanine	79-86	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
10503546-7	1999	This changes amino acid 446 of the RPT1 product from alanine to valine.	Alanine	53-60	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
10503546-8	1999	The alanine residue is conserved in all Rpt proteins, except Rpt5, but no function has yet been assigned to the region that contains it.	Alanine	4-11	proteasome regulatory particle base subunit RPT5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
10527428-6	1999	This Ala residue is absolutely conserved in all known ABI3 orthologues.	Alanine	5-8	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-58
10403839-5	1999	mBMAL1b" arises from alternative usage of exon 2, which results in a 7-amino-acid insertion and alternative splice acceptor usage at the intron 9/exon 10 splice junction, which causes an alanine residue deletion.	Alanine	187-194	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Mus musculus	0-7
10364174-5	1999	To identify residues in G-CSF that interact with Arg288, selected charged residues in G-CSF were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	108-111	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	24-29
10364224-3	1999	To identify the direct target of PTPH1 in the cell, we generated a substrate-trapping mutant, in which an invariant aspartate residue was changed to alanine (D811A in PTPH1).	Alanine	149-156	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	33-38
10364224-3	1999	To identify the direct target of PTPH1 in the cell, we generated a substrate-trapping mutant, in which an invariant aspartate residue was changed to alanine (D811A in PTPH1).	Alanine	149-156	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	167-172
10349875-1	1999	To understand the role of conserved serine residues in the fifth transmembrane domain (Ser192, Ser193, and Ser196) of the D3 dopamine receptor, these have been mutated individually to alanine, and the ligand binding properties of the mutant receptors have been evaluated.	Alanine	184-191	dopamine receptor D3	Homo sapiens	122-142
10350456-0	1999	Total alanine-scanning mutagenesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) identifies differential binding epitopes for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.	Alanine	6-13	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	120-127
10350456-0	1999	Total alanine-scanning mutagenesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) identifies differential binding epitopes for IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3.	Alanine	6-13	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	132-139
7608125-2	1995	One of them is identical to the glyoxalase I cDNA isolated by us, and the other encodes a protein in which alanine at position 111 of the reported sequence for glyoxalase I is replaced by glutamic acid.	Alanine	107-114	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	32-44
7608125-2	1995	One of them is identical to the glyoxalase I cDNA isolated by us, and the other encodes a protein in which alanine at position 111 of the reported sequence for glyoxalase I is replaced by glutamic acid.	Alanine	107-114	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	160-172
7836290-0	1995	Characterization of novel yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	106-113	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-36
7836290-0	1995	Characterization of novel yeast RAD6 (UBC2) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants constructed by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	106-113	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
7836290-3	1995	We have explored the utility of "charge-to-alanine" scanning mutagenesis to generate novel RAD6 mutants that are enzymatically competent with respect to unfacilitated (E3-independent) ubiquitination but that are nevertheless severely handicapped with respect to several in vivo functions.	Alanine	43-50	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	91-95
7819246-3	1995	Although the inhibitory peptide corresponding to this sequence (i.e., with an Ala at position 21) is a much more potent inhibitor of PKA than of PKG (approximately 250-fold), PKG actually exhibits a 60% higher kcat than does PKA with the (Ser21)PKI alpha(14-22) amide substrate peptide, with only a 20-fold higher Km value.	Alanine	78-81	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
7530867-7	1995	That the determinants recognized by S19.8 and 23 were formed by a discontinuous cluster of amino acids within beta 2m was established from experiments demonstrating that H-2Kb heavy chain assembled with a chimeric beta 2m molecule (comprising human beta 2m from 1-69 and mouse beta 2m from amino acid 70-99, including the polymorphic residue Ala 85) did not lead to expression of the S19.8 and 23 epitopes.	Alanine	342-345	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	170-175
7980593-4	1994	Using molecular techniques, point mutations that substituted alanines for the putative critical residues were introduced into the cDNA for estrogen sulfotransferase.	Alanine	61-69	sulfotransferase family 1E member 1	Homo sapiens	139-164
7980563-5	1994	In both human and mouse IA-2, several substitutions were found in the highly conserved regions including an Ala to Asp substitution in the core sequence.	Alanine	108-111	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, N	Mus musculus	24-28
8074188-1	1994	The A10 line of vascular smooth muscle cells has Na+ dependent transport systems for alanine, proline, and Pi, whereas uptake of leucine, myo-inositol and D-glucose is Na+ independent.	Alanine	85-92	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	4-7
8196600-7	1994	Alanine or cysteine substitutions were introduced at four other residues of the EPO-R predicted to be in the dimer interface region.	Alanine	0-7	erythropoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	80-85
8198521-1	1994	Asp-130 of the recombinant skeletal-muscle 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFK-2)/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was mutated into Ala in order to study its role in catalysis and/or substrate binding.	Alanine	121-124	6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
8026990-8	1994	Moreover, A26.1, A26.3, A10SA, and A43 share 76 alanine and 77 asparagine, which is consistent with the reported serologic cross-reactivity.	Alanine	48-55	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	10-13
8026990-8	1994	Moreover, A26.1, A26.3, A10SA, and A43 share 76 alanine and 77 asparagine, which is consistent with the reported serologic cross-reactivity.	Alanine	48-55	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	17-20
8289824-8	1994	Sequence analysis of two full-length l(2)35Ba/nocA cDNAs with distinct polyadenylation sites shows that they encode the same deduced protein of 537 amino acids with a serine- and threonine-rich N-terminal region, two putative zinc finger motifs near the carboxyl terminus, and several alanine-rich domains.	Alanine	285-292	no ocelli	Drosophila melanogaster	46-50
7911247-4	1994	Alanine tetrazole is a poorer substrate than alanine for D-amino acid oxidase.	Alanine	45-52	D-amino-acid oxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-77
7735324-7	1994	Replacing Ser-11/12 by alanine residues resulted in increased DNA binding compared to wt c-Myb or Myb Asp-11/12 as demonstrated by up to 10-fold differences in the dissociation constants.	Alanine	23-30	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	89-94
7735324-7	1994	Replacing Ser-11/12 by alanine residues resulted in increased DNA binding compared to wt c-Myb or Myb Asp-11/12 as demonstrated by up to 10-fold differences in the dissociation constants.	Alanine	23-30	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	91-94
7937314-6	1994	The change of Phe2--&gt;Leu, Trp4--&gt;Ala, Glu6--&gt;Gln, Val9--&gt;Thr and carboxamidation of Thr10 had no effect on binding affinity.	Alanine	39-42	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
7503990-4	1993	However, this antibody efficiently recognized linear V3 loop peptides containing either the Ala or Thr residue at position 21, indicating that a local change in conformation was responsible for the epitope loss in the native gp120.	Alanine	92-95	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	225-230
8250906-2	1993	The helix-stabilizing tendency of N-terminal amino acid in NPY (12-36) was found to be as follows: Thr &gt; Ser &gt; Gly &gt; Gln &gt; Cys &gt; Asn &gt; Asp &gt; Val &gt; Phe &gt; Glu &gt; Lys &gt; Tyr &gt; Ala = Trp &gt; His &gt; Arg, suggesting the importance of end capping.	Alanine	207-210	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	59-62
7690504-5	1993	Crystallographic data shows that a salt bridge exists between Asp 488 and Lys 465 of RNase H which stabilizes the uncleavable form of RT p66, and that substitution of Asp for Ala would prevent the formation of this salt bridge.	Alanine	175-178	DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	137-140
8376387-13	1993	Recombinant SPC3 was also able to cleave after a single arginine residue in chicken proalbumin following the Arg-Asn-Leu-Gln-Arg-Phe-Ala-Arg prosequence.	Alanine	133-136	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
8105086-2	1993	Using the double stranded DNA cycle sequencing method, a single nucleotide substitution of G--&gt;A was identified at codon 113 of the patient"s SRY gene, resulting in a conservative amino acid change from alanine (A) to threonine (T) at a residue that lies within the putative DNA binding motif.	Alanine	206-213	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	145-148
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	165-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8397784-5	1993	Sequence comparison of the two molecules revealed that IGF-I has arginine at residues 55 and 56, while IGF-II has alanine and leucine, respectively, at these positions.	Alanine	114-121	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
8386367-4	1993	Replacement of these phosphorylation sites with Ala residues caused a marked decrease in Myc-stimulated reporter gene expression.	Alanine	48-51	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	89-92
8448200-2	1993	Three leucine--&gt;alanine mutant Mbs (L29A, L72A and L104A) were prepared for this study.	Alanine	19-26	MBS1	Homo sapiens	34-37
7677994-6	1993	Of the six substitutions at residue 189, only the serine and alanine mutants exhibited increased Pf and had glycosylation patterns resembling wild-type CHIP28 on immunoblots.	Alanine	61-68	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group) S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	152-158
1426258-3	1992	Peptides Ala-783-Lys-799 and Ala-783-Arg-798 inhibited calmodulin independent MLCK at the same potency as the peptide Ala-783-Gly-804.	Alanine	9-12	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	78-82
1396589-5	1992	Replacement of T160 with alanine abolishes the kinase activity of CDK2, indicating that phosphorylation at this site (as in CDC2) is required for kinase activity.	Alanine	25-32	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
1494493-0	1992	D-amino acid and alanine scans of the bioactive portion of porcine motilin.	Alanine	17-24	promotilin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-74
1449599-16	1992	Two resonances were observed for the single alanine residue (A-43) sequentially proximal to P-42, but the rest of the structure was minimally affected by the isomerization at proline-42.	Alanine	44-51	cyclin dependent kinase 20	Homo sapiens	92-96
1508206-7	1992	The AEF-1 protein contains four zinc fingers and an alanine-rich sequence.	Alanine	52-59	Adult enhancer factor 1	Drosophila melanogaster	4-9
1577739-4	1992	S6 kinase II phosphorylated at least four sites (serines 1-3 and 5) in the sequence Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser(1)-Ser(2)-Leu-Arg-Ala-Ser(3)-Thr-Ser(4)-Lys-Ser(5)-, which correspond to the residues known to be phosphorylated in the carboxyl-terminal region of mammalian S6.	Alanine	118-121	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A6 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-12
1451779-5	1992	The individual substitutions of Pro-5 and Lys-7 in the latter peptide with Gly and Ala (or Glu), respectively, prevent its phosphorylation by cdc2, whereas the substitution of Lys-3 with Ala is well tolerated and the substitution of the target Ser with Thr actually improves phosphorylation.	Alanine	83-86	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
1531656-3	1992	In addition the des-[Ala-1,Asn-2]- and des-[Ala-1,Asn-2,Lys-3]-fragment 1 derivatives were prepared by limited enzymatic hydrolysis of fragment 1 using cathepsin C and plasmin, respectively.	Alanine	44-47	plasminogen	Bos taurus	168-175
1310985-9	1992	An unexpected finding was that alanine 80 cytochrome c acquires a hemoglobin-like spectrum, and binds O2 most effectively.	Alanine	31-38	cytochrome c, somatic	Equus caballus	42-54
1375132-0	1992	The substitution of cysteine 17 of recombinant human G-CSF with alanine greatly enhanced its stability.	Alanine	64-71	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
1944283-7	1991	Using an alanine scanning mutagenesis method, we analyzed the interaction between Cdc2 and Suc1.	Alanine	9-16	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
1930694-7	1991	This FSH-beta gene encodes a protein that differs from the published ovine protein sequence only at the carboxy terminus (Arg-109Glu-110[STOP codon] instead of Glu-109Arg-110[Glx-111]) and at positions 49 (Ala instead of Thr) and 88 (Arg instead of Ser).	Alanine	206-209	follitropin subunit beta	Bos taurus	5-13
1681027-4	1991	By sequencing the protein coding region of the PrP gene in Cheviot sheep selected for differing Sip genotypes, we have found four PrP protein variants which differ at three positions: amino acid 112 (Ala/Val), amino acid 130 (Arg/His) and amino acid 147 (Arg/Gln).	Alanine	200-203	major prion protein	Ovis aries	47-50
1681027-4	1991	By sequencing the protein coding region of the PrP gene in Cheviot sheep selected for differing Sip genotypes, we have found four PrP protein variants which differ at three positions: amino acid 112 (Ala/Val), amino acid 130 (Arg/His) and amino acid 147 (Arg/Gln).	Alanine	200-203	major prion protein	Ovis aries	130-133
1894636-6	1991	The TIP 1 gene encodes a protein of 210 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 20,727, containing 20.0% alanine and 23.3% serine.	Alanine	112-119	putative lipase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
2039499-2	1991	To study this interaction, a site mutation of Trp121 to Ala was introduced into human cyclophilin (CyP) and the encoded protein was expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	56-59	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	86-97
2039499-2	1991	To study this interaction, a site mutation of Trp121 to Ala was introduced into human cyclophilin (CyP) and the encoded protein was expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	56-59	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	99-102
1857555-4	1991	The difference at nucleotide 910 caused an amino acid change between Ala (A) and Ser (S) at amino acid residue 304 (DBH/A and DBH/S).	Alanine	69-72	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	116-119
1857555-4	1991	The difference at nucleotide 910 caused an amino acid change between Ala (A) and Ser (S) at amino acid residue 304 (DBH/A and DBH/S).	Alanine	69-72	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	126-129
1999419-1	1991	By using a photoactivatable analog of 11-cis-retinal in rhodopsin, we have previously identified the amino acids Phe-115, Ala-117, Glu-122, Trp-126, Ser-127, and Trp-265 as major sites of cross-linking to the chromophore.	Alanine	122-125	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	56-65
2050272-1	1991	In Xenopus oocytes, insulin or IGF-I activated glucose transport and maturation, but not amino acid transport, as measured by the uptake of alanine.	Alanine	140-147	insulin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	20-27
2221921-11	1990	On the other hand, 200 microM 3MP blocked completely the epimastigotes" catabolism of L-[U-14C]proline through the Kreb"s cycle via PEP-carboxykinase, as indicated by the disappearance of 14C label present in alanine, pyruvate, citrate, and isocitrate after 1 h of incubation in the presence of the labeled amino acid, while the amount of radioactivity present in alpha-ketoglutarate and malate doubled.	Alanine	209-216	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	132-149
1697929-6	1990	Furthermore, activation of p56lck by mutation of the carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue was rendered less efficient by substituting an alanine residue for the amino-terminal glycine.	Alanine	134-141	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-33
1973165-1	1990	When His248 of the transcription factor S-II was replaced by alanine or tyrosine, the activity of the resulting mutants was less than 30% of that of the wild-type S-II.	Alanine	61-68	transcription elongation factor A1	Homo sapiens	163-167
2111341-8	1990	Analysis of the recognition of HLA-A2 by using target cells transfected with mutated HLA-A2 encoding genes revealed that the nature of the amino acid at position 152 of the molecule is critical for recognition of the TCR-alpha beta+ as well as the TCR-gamma delta+ CTL clones since replacement of Val for Ala at that position resulted in abrogation of recognition of one TCR-gamma delta+ and one TCR-alpha beta+ clone and substitution of Val for Glu affected recognition of all clones.	Alanine	305-308	T cell receptor alpha chain	Mus musculus	217-226
1689609-2	1990	We have made a mutein of human G-CSF, KW-2228, in which Thr-1, Leu-3, Gly-4, Pro-5, and Cys-17 were respectively substituted with Ala, Thr, Tyr, Arg, and Ser; showed more potent G-CSF activity; and retained full biological activity and receptor binding capacity at least 2 weeks of radioiodination.	Alanine	130-133	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	31-36
2322244-2	1990	The present study evaluated the effect of L-alpha-alanine on the binding of 3,3",5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) and enzymatic activity of p58.	Alanine	42-57	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	134-137
2322244-3	1990	Analysis of the competitive binding data indicated that alanine, at the physiological concentration, is a non-competitive inhibitor of T3 binding to p58.	Alanine	56-63	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	149-152
2322244-5	1990	However, binding of alanine to p58 did not block the association of p58 to form the tetrameric pyruvate kinase.	Alanine	20-27	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	31-34
2105728-5	1990	The amino acid composition of calf apo-AI displayed an overall similarity to that of its human and other mammalian counterparts (baboon, dog, badger, rabbit, rat and mouse), but differed in having higher proportions of glutamic acid, alanine and isoleucine.	Alanine	234-241	APOAI	Bos taurus	35-41
2405708-3	1990	When media pH was altered by modifying PCO2 levels, the response of ammonia and alanine production by rocked culture was identical to the changes observed with metabolic acid-base maneuvers.	Alanine	80-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	11-13
2292460-2	1990	MDL 27,324 (Dansyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CF3), inhibits human neutrophil elastase and MDL 27,399 (MeOSucc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-COOCH3), inhibits human neutrophil cathepsin G.	Alanine	19-22	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	151-162
33970793-2	2021	The energies and the vibrational frequencies of the L-alanine in both neutral and zwitterionic form have been calculated using HF, MP2, CCSD and density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP hybrid exchange correlation functional with different basis sets.	Alanine	52-61	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
33799639-5	2021	This effect of temperature on Cas3 was alleviated by changing a single highly conserved tryptophan residue (Trp-406) into an alanine.	Alanine	125-132	embryonal Fyn-associated substrate	Homo sapiens	30-34
18676862-4	2008	Here, we report that the prototypical NKG2DL MICA is released by proteolytic cleavage in the stalk of the MICA ectodomain, where deletions, but not alanine substitutions, impede MICA shedding.	Alanine	148-155	killer cell lectin like receptor C1	Homo sapiens	38-42
11456486-9	2001	By comparison of alanine scanning data for IGF-I and the turn-helix peptide, we propose a model for common surface features of these molecules that recognize IGFBP-1.	Alanine	17-24	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-165
34973533-9	2022	Nevertheless, interactions between AFPs and ABI5 were eliminated if the Thr47th and Thr206th of ABI5 were mutated respectively to Glu or Ala.	Alanine	137-140	Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
34944600-0	2021	Generation of a Novel High-Affinity Antibody Binding to PCSK9 Catalytic Domain with Slow Dissociation Rate by CDR-Grafting, Alanine Scanning and Saturated Site-Directed Mutagenesis for Favorably Treating Hypercholesterolemia.	Alanine	124-131	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	56-61
34944600-2	2021	In this study, a novel high affinity humanized IgG1 mAb (named h5E12-L230G) targeting the catalytic domain of human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) was generated by using CDR-grafting, alanine-scanning mutagenesis, and saturated site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	168-175	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	116-121
34944600-2	2021	In this study, a novel high affinity humanized IgG1 mAb (named h5E12-L230G) targeting the catalytic domain of human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) was generated by using CDR-grafting, alanine-scanning mutagenesis, and saturated site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	168-175	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	123-129
34740835-4	2022	METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-peroxidase) was used to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the keratinocytes of the patients with CA before and after ALA-PDT treatment.	Alanine	174-177	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
34740835-7	2022	The positive expression rate and intensity of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the two groups before and after ALA-PDT were significantly different (P < 0.05).	Alanine	100-103	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
34740835-8	2022	There was a positive correlation between the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB in the CA tissues after ALA-PDT (r = 0.486, P < 0.05).	Alanine	102-105	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
34740835-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT may relieve local immunosuppressive states by reducing TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression and jointly promoting CA regression, which is a potential molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT in CA treatment.	Alanine	13-16	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
34740835-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT may relieve local immunosuppressive states by reducing TLR4 and NF-kappaB expression and jointly promoting CA regression, which is a potential molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT in CA treatment.	Alanine	187-190	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
34382806-7	2021	Multiple amino acids (including alanine, glutamic acid, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine), carnitines, and members of the fatty acid oxidation pathway were significantly increased in APP/PSEN1 mice on HFD compared to those on LFD.	Alanine	32-39	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	193-198
34166750-2	2021	Cetaceans were found to have 2-3 more alanine residues in Hoxd13 than other mammals, which were suggested to be related to their flipper.	Alanine	38-45	homeobox D13a	Danio rerio	58-64
34502141-4	2021	Because N127, V140, and K144 are closely involved in the head-to-tail NK1 dimer formation, mutant NK1 proteins with replacement of these residues by alanine were prepared.	Alanine	149-156	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
34299600-9	2021	The method was validated (r2 > 0.999, %RSD < 2, LOD: 10 ng mL-1 for histidine and leucine, 2 ng mL-1 for alanine and valine, and 4 ng mL-1 for Isoleucine) according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.	Alanine	105-112	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	96-100
34272232-6	2021	The substitution of these DNA-binding sites with alanines results in reduced ISRE-binding ability of UL42 and impairs for PRV to evade the IFN response.	Alanine	49-57	DNA polymerase processivity subunit	Suid alphaherpesvirus 1	101-105
35390274-0	2022	Structure of SNX9 SH3 in complex with a viral ligand reveals the molecular basis of its unique specificity for alanine-containing class I SH3 motifs.	Alanine	111-118	sorting nexin 9	Homo sapiens	13-17
35390274-2	2022	We have studied the unusual O = Ala-specificity of SNX9 SH3 by determining its complex structure with a peptide present in eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) nsP3.	Alanine	32-35	sorting nexin 9	Homo sapiens	51-55
35398260-12	2022	The VE-cadherin and VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway up-regulated in intrinsically aged skin after ALA-PDT treatments.	Alanine	88-91	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	27-33
35398260-13	2022	CONCLUSIONS: LVs in intrinsically aged skin were remodeled and their function were restored by low dose ALA-PDT via up-regulating the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 pathway.	Alanine	104-107	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	141-147
35554539-6	2022	A triple alanine substitution of LIN-52"s LxCxE motif severed LIN-35-MuvB association and caused classical DREAM mutant phenotypes, including synthetic multiple vulvae, high-temperature arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma.	Alanine	9-16	Protein lin-52	Caenorhabditis elegans	33-39
35476997-2	2022	Alanine transaminases (ALT1 and ALT2) catalyze the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	70-77	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	23-27
35476997-2	2022	Alanine transaminases (ALT1 and ALT2) catalyze the interconversion of alanine and pyruvate, which is required for gluconeogenesis from alanine.	Alanine	135-142	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	23-27
35321783-7	2022	Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of alpha-TAT1, significantly abrogated the TGF-beta-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of alpha-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in alpha-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity.	Alanine	30-37	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	138-148
35321783-7	2022	Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of alpha-TAT1, significantly abrogated the TGF-beta-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of alpha-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in alpha-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity.	Alanine	30-37	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	307-317
35321783-7	2022	Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of alpha-TAT1, significantly abrogated the TGF-beta-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of alpha-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in alpha-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity.	Alanine	30-37	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	395-405
35431797-4	2022	To explore the significance of NAS-induced phosphorylation of GABA A Rs, we used mice in which S408/9 in the beta3 subunit have been mutated to alanines, mutations that prevent the metabotropic actions of NASs on GABA A R function while preserving NAS allosteric potentiation of GABAergic current.	Alanine	144-152	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	213-221
35465201-8	2022	Recombinant expression of pESC + DGAT1 + FAD3 vector in yeast mutant resulted in lipid accumulation with 10% higher ALA content.	Alanine	116-119	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Sesamum indicum	33-38
35016549-3	2022	We demonstrate that nCas3 variants can be created by alanine-substituting any catalytic residue of the Cas3 helicase domain.	Alanine	53-60	embryonal Fyn-associated substrate	Homo sapiens	103-107
10231536-2	1999	Mutation of tryptophan 187 to alanine yielded a poorly expressed ecto-apyrase completely devoid of nucleotidase activity.	Alanine	30-37	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	65-77
10231536-6	1999	In contrast, mutation of tryptophan 459 to alanine resulted in an ecto-apyrase with enhanced NTPase activity, but diminished NDPase activity.	Alanine	43-50	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	Homo sapiens	66-78
10217293-4	1999	Substitution of the P1" position by Ala moderately affects cleavage by the dynorphin-processing enzyme and prohormone convertase 1.	Alanine	36-39	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	107-130
10092646-6	1999	We have used site-directed mutagenesis ("charged to alanine") and molecular modeling techniques to probe the recognition interactions for substrate peptide (PKTPKKAKKL) derived from histone H1 docked in the active site of CDK5.	Alanine	52-59	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	222-226
10095772-7	1999	Mutation of one of these residues (T524) to alanine diminished the ability of B-Myb to promote transcription of a reporter gene, suggesting that phosphorylation of B-Myb at this site is important for the regulation of its activity by cyclin A/Cdk2.	Alanine	44-51	MYB proto-oncogene like 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
10095772-7	1999	Mutation of one of these residues (T524) to alanine diminished the ability of B-Myb to promote transcription of a reporter gene, suggesting that phosphorylation of B-Myb at this site is important for the regulation of its activity by cyclin A/Cdk2.	Alanine	44-51	MYB proto-oncogene like 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
20176108-4	2010	One mutant we have characterized is a catalytically inactive form of IKK-2, D145A IKK-2, wherein the catalytic aspartic acid, D145 was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	149-156	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	69-74
10064080-10	1999	Because of alternative splicing, there are two types of transcripts encoding mLARC and its variant mLARCvar with and without an N-terminal alanine in the mature protein, respectively.	Alanine	139-146	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20	Mus musculus	77-82
20176108-4	2010	One mutant we have characterized is a catalytically inactive form of IKK-2, D145A IKK-2, wherein the catalytic aspartic acid, D145 was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	149-156	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	82-87
20506487-2	2010	Change in the axial staggering of the coiled coil, occurring at the boundaries of either clusters of core alanines in tropomyosin or of clusters of core bulky residues in the myosin rod, causes bending within the plane of the local dimer.	Alanine	106-114	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	123-129
9882738-5	1999	Mutation of acidic residues (D540, E544) in the S4-S5 linker of HERG channels to neutral (Ala) or basic (Lys) residues accelerated the rate of channel deactivation.	Alanine	90-93	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
9878404-2	1999	Using four characterized mutants of proliferating cell nuclear antigen containing three or four alanine residue substitutions on the C-terminal side and the back side of the trimer, we have tested the kinetics of primer binding and nucleotide incorporation by DNA polymerase epsilon in different assays.	Alanine	96-103	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	36-70
20356833-10	2010	Using an a-Syn Ser-129 dephosphorylation mimic, with serine mutated to alanine, TH was more inhibited, whereas PP2A was more active in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	71-78	synuclein, alpha	Mus musculus	9-14
9858576-10	1999	Serine-to-alanine mutation at the CKII phosphorylation site reduced transcriptional activity when the carboxyl-terminal repressor domain was deleted.	Alanine	10-17	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
10447101-2	1999	Replacement of His with Ala resulted in [Ala6]-MT-II with affinity and agonist potency at human MC3, MC4, and MC5 receptors similar to MT-II.	Alanine	24-27	metallothionein 2A	Homo sapiens	47-52
20200118-4	2010	Recently, three arginine residues within the large intracellular loop of the 5-HT(3A) subunit were substituted by their equivalent residues (glutamine, aspartate, and alanine) of the 5-HT(3B) subunit to produce a 5-HT(3A)(QDA) subunit that forms functional homomeric channels exhibiting a measurable single-channel conductance.	Alanine	167-174	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	Homo sapiens	183-190
9864372-5	1998	We studied the significance of keratin hyperphosphorylation and focused on K18 ser52 by generating transgenic mice that overexpress a human genomic K18 ser52--&gt; ala mutant (S52A) and compared them with mice that overexpress, at similar levels, wild-type (WT) human K18.	Alanine	164-167	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	148-151
9864372-5	1998	We studied the significance of keratin hyperphosphorylation and focused on K18 ser52 by generating transgenic mice that overexpress a human genomic K18 ser52--&gt; ala mutant (S52A) and compared them with mice that overexpress, at similar levels, wild-type (WT) human K18.	Alanine	164-167	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	148-151
9872389-5	1998	Thus, alanine and valine substitutions at position 1122 within the GEF catalytic domain originate mutations with opposite biological properties, indicating an important role for position 1122 in GEF function.	Alanine	6-13	rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2	Mus musculus	67-70
20059533-1	2010	OBJECTIVES: This report represents the first observation in Sicily of two rare beta-globin gene variants, Hb Hershey [beta70(E14) Ala--&gt;Gly] and Hb La Pommeraie [beta133(H11)Val--&gt;Met], found in a 35-year-old male patient from Messina, in the north-east of Sicily during population screening for hemoglobinopathies.	Alanine	130-133	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	125-128
9872389-5	1998	Thus, alanine and valine substitutions at position 1122 within the GEF catalytic domain originate mutations with opposite biological properties, indicating an important role for position 1122 in GEF function.	Alanine	6-13	rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2	Mus musculus	195-198
9832428-0	1998	Interaction of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: effect of substitution of serine for alanine in potential IRS-1 serine phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	125-132	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
20040518-3	2010	BRAP2 inhibition of nuclear accumulation was dependent on phosphorylation sites flanking the respective NLSs, where substitution of the cyclin-dependent kinase site T124 of T-ag with Ala or Asp prevented or enhanced BRAP2 inhibition of nuclear import, respectively.	Alanine	183-186	BRCA1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
9894838-5	1998	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the c-Cbl peptide ligand confirmed that most of the residues, which were conserved among the peptide ligands selected from the combinatorial peptide library, contributed to binding to the C-terminal SH3 domain of CAP.	Alanine	0-7	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	36-41
19694944-5	2010	In contrast, deletion of the juxtamembrane (Leu(150)-Arg(160)) or central (Ala(159)-Pro(170)) intracellular segment of GPIbbeta resulted in a 21% and 23% reduction in the number of cells extending filopodia, respectively.	Alanine	75-78	glycoprotein Ib, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	119-127
9765472-3	1998	To further examine the mechanism of this interaction, we have constructed alanine-scanning mutants of AR1 and studied them for the ability to mask the infectivity defects of appropriate BR1 mutants, for the ability to target to the nucleus and to bind viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and multimerize, and for effects on the accumulation of replicated viral ssDNA.	Alanine	74-81	transcription factor 20	Homo sapiens	102-105
9760250-1	1998	To characterize the roles played by Glu44 and Glu56 of cytochrome b5 in the formation of the electrostatic complex between cytochrome c and cytochrome b5, the Glu44, Glu56, or both sites were changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	203-210	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	55-68
20362450-6	2010	Mutation of the five p90Rsk residues to alanine impairs Myt1 hyperphosphorylation during oocyte maturation and makes Myt1 resistant to the inhibition by p90Rsk.	Alanine	40-47	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	21-27
9881688-5	1998	Using a panel of alanine substituted variants of the MCMV peptide (YPHFMPTNL), we show that single amino acid changes in peptide sequence can have dramatic effects on the rates of beta2m exchange.	Alanine	17-24	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	180-186
20362450-6	2010	Mutation of the five p90Rsk residues to alanine impairs Myt1 hyperphosphorylation during oocyte maturation and makes Myt1 resistant to the inhibition by p90Rsk.	Alanine	40-47	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	153-159
20157114-6	2010	Activation of G alpha(i3) by GIV was also dramatically reduced when Trp-258 was replaced with Tyr, Leu, Ser, His, Asp, or Ala, highlighting that Trp is required for maximal activation.	Alanine	122-125	coiled-coil domain containing 88A	Homo sapiens	29-32
9710228-6	1998	Moreover, alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis revealed that the peptide residues relevant for such recognition are different depending on whether HLA-B*2705 or -B*2709 molecules present the epitope.	Alanine	10-17	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	148-153
9675257-9	1998	The substitution of the T/S residues by alanine also has a similar effect on rat ODC kinetic values.	Alanine	40-47	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
20307497-6	2010	Substitutions of Ser33 and Ser37 for alanines abolished the degradation of beta-catenin associated with HIPK2.	Alanine	37-45	homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	104-109
20364249-9	2010	However, NHE6 with alanine substitutions in the membrane-proximal region exhibited no apparent change in localization.	Alanine	19-26	solute carrier family 9 member A6	Homo sapiens	9-13
20068038-4	2010	Substitution of these two residues with alanine abolished the ability of MEKK3 to activate IKKbeta/NF-kappaB, whereas replacement with acidic residues rendered MEKK3 constitutively active.	Alanine	40-47	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	91-98
9660757-5	1998	Overexpression of Galphaq with PLCbeta3 or PLCbeta (Ser1105--&gt; Ala) mutant in COSM6 cells resulted in a 5-fold increase in [3H]phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation compared with expression of Galphaq, PLCbeta3, or PLCbeta3 (Ser1105 --&gt; Ala mutant alone.	Alanine	256-259	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	18-25
9660757-6	1998	Whereas Galpha1-stimulated PLCbeta3, activity was inhibited by 58-71% by overexpression of PKA catalytic subunit, Galphaq-stimulated PLCbeta3 (Ser1105 --&gt; Ala) mutant activity was not affected.	Alanine	158-161	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	114-121
20068038-5	2010	Furthermore, substitution of these two residues with alanine abolished the ability of MEKK3 to mediate lysophosphatidic acid-induced optimal IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	53-60	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	141-148
9681345-14	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed poor long-term cure rates for superficial BCC and SCC treated with topical ALA-PDT and visible light.	Alanine	107-110	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	82-85
9639566-8	1998	Additional results indicate that a zif268 variant containing a (Cys)2(His)(Ala) arrangement in finger 1 is also capable of DNA recognition in a manner identical to the wild-type polypeptide.	Alanine	75-78	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	35-41
20196828-1	2010	A novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B allele, B*5535, has been identified in a Chinese individual by sequence-based typing, which has seven nucleotide changes from the closest matching allele B*5502 resulting in two amino acids changes: 69 Glu--&gt;Met; 70 Glu--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	268-271	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	14-39
9688092-11	1998	PLD activation was increased by dimethyl sulfoxide and NaN3, and PLC activation was up-regulated by NaN3, L-alanine, SOD, and catalase.	Alanine	106-115	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	65-68
9632653-4	1998	On this basis, the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-TatR49/52/53/55/56/57A mutant, in which six arginine residues within the basic domain of Tat were mutagenized to alanine residues, was compared with GST-Tat for its capacity to bind immobilized heparin.	Alanine	164-171	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	19-44
9632653-4	1998	On this basis, the glutathione S-transferase (GST)-TatR49/52/53/55/56/57A mutant, in which six arginine residues within the basic domain of Tat were mutagenized to alanine residues, was compared with GST-Tat for its capacity to bind immobilized heparin.	Alanine	164-171	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
9705090-5	1998	p35 cleavage was inhibited by mutating the active site aspartic acid to alanine, and by a panel of protease inhibitors that inhibit caspase-3-like proteases, including iodoacetamide, N-ethylmaleimide, and Ac-DEVD-cho.	Alanine	72-79	interleukin 12a	Mus musculus	0-3
9545283-3	1998	In a study of 11 p47(PHOX) mutants, each containing an alanine instead of a serine at a single potential phosphorylation site, we found that all but S379A corrected the defect in O-2 production in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed p47(PHOX)-deficient B cells (Faust, L. P., El Benna, J., Babior, B. M., and Chanock, S. J.	Alanine	55-62	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	17-20
9493570-1	1998	Thirty-one individuals from 18 unrelated families with antithrombin deficiency have been identified as having a single point mutation within codon 384 (13268 GCA--&gt;TCA) resulting in an alanine to serine substitution.	Alanine	188-195	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	55-67
9443945-0	1998	Steric hindrance mutagenesis versus alanine scan in mapping of ligand binding sites in the tachykinin NK1 receptor.	Alanine	36-43	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	102-114
9443945-1	1998	Residues in transmembrane domain (TM)-III, TM-V, TM-VI, and TM-VII believed to be facing the deep part of the presumed main ligand-binding pocket of the NK1 receptor were probed by alanine substitution and introduction of residues with larger and/or chemically distinct side chains.	Alanine	181-188	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	153-165
9459504-6	1998	In contrast, analyses of the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism with respect to HLA-DRB1*04 revealed significantly more patients with Ala in the homozygous (19% versus 15% controls) or heterozygous state (54% versus 39% controls) and less homozygous for Thr (27% versus 46% controls), with a particular increase of Ala/Ala genotypes among rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*0401 subtype.	Alanine	125-128	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
9459504-6	1998	In contrast, analyses of the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism with respect to HLA-DRB1*04 revealed significantly more patients with Ala in the homozygous (19% versus 15% controls) or heterozygous state (54% versus 39% controls) and less homozygous for Thr (27% versus 46% controls), with a particular increase of Ala/Ala genotypes among rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*0401 subtype.	Alanine	306-309	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
9459504-6	1998	In contrast, analyses of the CTLA4 exon 1 polymorphism with respect to HLA-DRB1*04 revealed significantly more patients with Ala in the homozygous (19% versus 15% controls) or heterozygous state (54% versus 39% controls) and less homozygous for Thr (27% versus 46% controls), with a particular increase of Ala/Ala genotypes among rheumatoid arthritis patients carrying the HLA-DRB1*0401 subtype.	Alanine	306-309	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
9461348-0	1997	The functions of the first epidermal growth factor homology region of human protein C as revealed by a charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis investigation.	Alanine	113-120	protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa	Homo sapiens	76-85
9398148-10	1997	The role of R142 in RNA binding was tested by measuring the Kd of a mutant of Sxl-RBD1 + 2 in which R142 was replaced by alanine.	Alanine	121-128	Sex lethal	Drosophila melanogaster	78-81
9581552-10	1997	The Cys-571--&gt;Ala mutant, though incapable of forming the interchain disulphide bond, had nearly the same amount of tetrameric BChE as recombinant wild-type BChE.	Alanine	17-20	cholinesterase	Cricetulus griseus	130-134
9581552-10	1997	The Cys-571--&gt;Ala mutant, though incapable of forming the interchain disulphide bond, had nearly the same amount of tetrameric BChE as recombinant wild-type BChE.	Alanine	17-20	cholinesterase	Cricetulus griseus	160-164
9347802-1	1997	We report a mutation in a case of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis that results in a proline for alanine substitution in the residue position 12 of the 1A subdomain of the keratin 10 chain (codon 158).	Alanine	93-100	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	168-178
9385632-2	1997	We demonstrate that the capsid sequence 87His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala92 (87HAGPIA92) encompasses the primary cyclophilin A binding site and present an X-ray crystal structure of the CypA/HAGPIA complex.	Alanine	46-49	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	105-118
9385632-2	1997	We demonstrate that the capsid sequence 87His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala92 (87HAGPIA92) encompasses the primary cyclophilin A binding site and present an X-ray crystal structure of the CypA/HAGPIA complex.	Alanine	46-49	peptidylprolyl isomerase A	Homo sapiens	178-182
9335553-3	1997	To test whether serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 was contributing to this process, serine 612 of this molecule was changed to an alanine.	Alanine	155-162	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	46-74
9399148-0	1997	The SRY cantilever motif discriminates between sequence- and structure-specific DNA recognition: alanine mutagenesis of an HMG box.	Alanine	97-104	sex determining region Y	Homo sapiens	4-7
9305954-3	1997	In contrast, mutation of either D87 or D88 to alanine completely eliminated the strong calcium binding and altered alpha-LA as shown by several spectroscopically derived properties such as near- and far-UV CD and intrinsic fluorescence studies.	Alanine	46-53	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	115-123
9380693-5	1997	Either attachment of an epitope tag to the C terminus or replacement of these three serine residues with alanine abolishes TGF-beta-induced Smad3 phosphorylation; these proteins act in a dominant-negative fashion to block the antiproliferative effect of TGF-beta in mink lung epithelial cells.	Alanine	105-112	decapentaplegic	Drosophila melanogaster	123-131
9295038-6	1997	Substitution of an alanine for the bulky side chain at the Y+1 position of the N-terminal YxxL segment reduces the receptor cross-linking requirement necessary to achieve cellular activation and the absolute dependence on lck in this process.	Alanine	19-26	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	222-225
9259372-3	1997	Previous work identified two expressed alleles of the gene encoding DbetaH (locus symbol DBH), containing either G or T at nucleotide position 910, resulting in specification by codon 304 of alanine (DBH*304A) or serine (DBH*304S), respectively.	Alanine	191-198	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	89-92
9259372-3	1997	Previous work identified two expressed alleles of the gene encoding DbetaH (locus symbol DBH), containing either G or T at nucleotide position 910, resulting in specification by codon 304 of alanine (DBH*304A) or serine (DBH*304S), respectively.	Alanine	191-198	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	200-203
9259372-3	1997	Previous work identified two expressed alleles of the gene encoding DbetaH (locus symbol DBH), containing either G or T at nucleotide position 910, resulting in specification by codon 304 of alanine (DBH*304A) or serine (DBH*304S), respectively.	Alanine	191-198	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	200-203
9252549-1	1997	To investigate the functional significance of individual consensus phosphorylation sites within the R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), serines were eliminated by substituting them with alanine.	Alanine	222-229	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	112-163
9252549-1	1997	To investigate the functional significance of individual consensus phosphorylation sites within the R domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), serines were eliminated by substituting them with alanine.	Alanine	222-229	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	165-169
9211343-4	1997	We screened for mutations the 3" region of the PKD1 gene, from exon 43 to exon 46, in a family showing anticipation and Caroli"s disease and have found a 28 base pairs deletion in exon 46 (12801del28) and a new DNA variant in exon 43 (12184 C to G conserving Ala 3991) segregating with the disease.	Alanine	259-262	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	47-51
9188717-9	1997	Alanine-scan mutations of the CD45 transmembrane region demonstrate that no single amino acid is essential for the interaction with CD45AP.	Alanine	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	30-34
9175779-3	1997	Using the Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain gene, SH2 was mutated to Gly, Ala, Ser, or Thr.	Alanine	76-79	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	24-30
9166787-7	1997	In this fashion, it was determined that the alanine residue at position 49 in FR-alpha was critical for its functional divergence from FR-beta, since substitution at this position with Leu (the corresponding residue in FR-beta) resulted in the folate binding characteristics of FR-beta.	Alanine	44-51	rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 2	Homo sapiens	78-86
9166787-7	1997	In this fashion, it was determined that the alanine residue at position 49 in FR-alpha was critical for its functional divergence from FR-beta, since substitution at this position with Leu (the corresponding residue in FR-beta) resulted in the folate binding characteristics of FR-beta.	Alanine	44-51	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	135-142
9166787-7	1997	In this fashion, it was determined that the alanine residue at position 49 in FR-alpha was critical for its functional divergence from FR-beta, since substitution at this position with Leu (the corresponding residue in FR-beta) resulted in the folate binding characteristics of FR-beta.	Alanine	44-51	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	219-226
9166787-7	1997	In this fashion, it was determined that the alanine residue at position 49 in FR-alpha was critical for its functional divergence from FR-beta, since substitution at this position with Leu (the corresponding residue in FR-beta) resulted in the folate binding characteristics of FR-beta.	Alanine	44-51	folate receptor beta	Homo sapiens	219-226
9166787-9	1997	By analysis of chimeric constructs, the poor [3H]folic acid binding of the FR-alpha(1-92)/beta(93-237) chimera could be attributed to interference of a short segment from FR-alpha in the vicinity of Ala 49 (peptide 39-59) with proper folding of the chimera.	Alanine	199-202	rabaptin, RAB GTPase binding effector protein 2	Homo sapiens	75-83
9177271-1	1997	Gu/RNA helicase II (Gu/RH-II) is the first reported mammalian nucleolar RNA helicase that is a member of the D-E-A-D (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box family of proteins.	Alanine	126-129	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	23-28
9159486-2	1997	Barstar C40/82A, a mutant in which the two cysteine residues have been replaced by alanine, has been used as a pseudo wild-type in folding studies and in the crystal structure of the barnase:barstar C40/82A complex.	Alanine	83-90	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 11	Homo sapiens	8-11
9169608-2	1997	The three mutant forms of tau had the following serine residues, known to be phosphorylated by GSK-3, replaced with alanine residues so as to preclude their phosphorylation: (1) Ser-199 and Ser-202 (Ser-199/202-->Ala), (2) Ser-235 (Ser-235-->Ala) and (3) Ser-396 and Ser-404 (Ser-396/404-->Ala).	Alanine	242-245	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	26-29
19917609-4	2010	To evaluate the role(s) of this residue in enzymatic activity, the equivalent serine in murine erythroid ALAS was substituted with alanine or threonine.	Alanine	131-138	aminolevulinic acid synthase 1	Mus musculus	105-109
19920145-7	2010	A second ligand receptor-binding site involved Lys(134), with alanine substitution leading to a protein that still binds GPL, but is unable to recruit the second receptor subunit and the subsequent signaling pathways.	Alanine	62-69	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	121-124
9194591-5	1997	Previously published PAI-1 sequences pointed to a variation of amino acid 15 of the PAI-1 signal sequence representing either threonine or alanine, which was confirmed in the present study.	Alanine	139-146	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
9194591-5	1997	Previously published PAI-1 sequences pointed to a variation of amino acid 15 of the PAI-1 signal sequence representing either threonine or alanine, which was confirmed in the present study.	Alanine	139-146	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
9194591-7	1997	In order to elucidate the possible role of the Pro121Leu exchange in uPA and the Ala/Thr variants in the signal sequence of PAI-1 in the development and/or progression of human ovarian cancer, we studied the presence of these mutants or variants in a series of 22 ovarian cancer tissues.	Alanine	81-84	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
9194591-9	1997	In 18/22 tumors, triplet 15 in the signal sequence of PAI-1 encoded alanine, four DNAs contained both the Ala and the Thr allele.	Alanine	68-75	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
20107609-7	2010	We also generated DT40 cell line harboring CtIP with an alanine substitution at residue Ser332, which is required for interaction with BRCA1.	Alanine	56-63	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Gallus gallus	135-140
20080776-6	2010	Inactivation of the phosphorylation site in PIN1(Ala) resulted in a predominantly basal targeting and increased the auxin flow to the root tip.	Alanine	49-52	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
9111034-6	1997	To test this possibility, the alanine in GluR1 was converted to a phenylalanine, which extended the subunit specificity from GluR3 to the modified GluR1.	Alanine	30-37	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
9111034-6	1997	To test this possibility, the alanine in GluR1 was converted to a phenylalanine, which extended the subunit specificity from GluR3 to the modified GluR1.	Alanine	30-37	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
19652917-7	2010	We also identified that mutations of NCoA-3 at either leucines 1029-1030 or 1053-1054 (replaced by alanines) also reduced the interaction activity between TDG and NCoA1.	Alanine	99-107	nuclear receptor coactivator 3	Homo sapiens	37-43
20029031-3	2009	In experiments with full-length alanine substitution mutants, we demonstrated that the RF tail of Cbl regulated biochemically distinct checkpoints in the endocytosis of EGFR.	Alanine	32-39	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	98-101
9169089-6	1997	In contrast to the deleterious effects of such mutations in MyoD, the alanine mutant functions normally for both Myc-dependent cellular transformation and apoptosis induction.	Alanine	70-77	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	113-116
20029031-4	2009	The Cbl- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the regulator of internalization hSprouty2 was compromised by the Val(431)--&gt; Ala mutation, whereas the Cbl- and EGFR-dependent dephosphorylation or degradation of the endosomal trafficking regulator Hrs was compromised by the Phe(434)--&gt; Ala mutation.	Alanine	129-132	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
20029031-4	2009	The Cbl- and ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the regulator of internalization hSprouty2 was compromised by the Val(431)--&gt; Ala mutation, whereas the Cbl- and EGFR-dependent dephosphorylation or degradation of the endosomal trafficking regulator Hrs was compromised by the Phe(434)--&gt; Ala mutation.	Alanine	293-296	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
9087375-7	1997	A preliminary analysis aimed at defining a region within ELAV that may mediate a molecular or functional interaction important for its subnuclear localization revealed that deletion of the ELAV alanine/glutamine-rich amino-terminal auxiliary domain has no discernible effect on localization and that proteins produced from elav lethal alleles distribute normally.	Alanine	194-201	embryonic lethal abnormal vision	Drosophila melanogaster	57-61
9087375-7	1997	A preliminary analysis aimed at defining a region within ELAV that may mediate a molecular or functional interaction important for its subnuclear localization revealed that deletion of the ELAV alanine/glutamine-rich amino-terminal auxiliary domain has no discernible effect on localization and that proteins produced from elav lethal alleles distribute normally.	Alanine	194-201	embryonic lethal abnormal vision	Drosophila melanogaster	189-193
19877579-5	2009	Here we show that Arg to Ala point mutagenesis of the heparin binding motif does not interrupt the folding of endostatin but significantly impairs the interaction between endostatin and nucleolin.	Alanine	25-28	collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	171-181
19766654-6	2009	In fact, substitution of this Asn to Ala of CHC diminished its ability to interact with p53, leading to reduced activity to transactivate p53.	Alanine	37-40	clathrin heavy chain	Homo sapiens	44-47
9098927-1	1997	B*2704 and B*2706 are two closely related HLA-B27 subtypes, which differ from the common B*2705 by the Asp &gt; Ser77, Val &gt; Glu152, and Ala &gt; Gly211 amino acid changes.	Alanine	140-143	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	42-49
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	226-229
9020189-18	1997	Consistent with this formulation, a non-phosphorylatable mutant of phosducin (phosducin Ser-73 --&gt; Ala) is an even more effective inhibitor of desensitization and membrane targeting of GRK3 than the wild-type protein.	Alanine	102-105	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	Homo sapiens	188-192
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	439-442
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	226-229
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C2	Homo sapiens	439-442
19743837-2	2009	To investigate the structural and functional roles of the conserved polar residues in the N- and C-terminal transmembrane helices of human nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3 (NTPDase3) (N-terminus, S33, S39, T41, and Q44; C-terminus, T490, T495, and C501), each was singly mutated to alanine.	Alanine	294-301	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 3	Homo sapiens	185-193
9013872-6	1997	There is also a high conservation of Ala at position 8 in the first helix and Leu-Leu(Val) at positions 17-18 of the second helix in all ankyrin repeats of p19.	Alanine	37-40	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2D	Homo sapiens	156-159
8994033-4	1997	Sites at which alanine substitutions impaired this interaction mapped to two distinct Galpha surfaces: a betagamma-binding surface and a putative receptor-interacting surface.	Alanine	15-22	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	86-92
9495316-3	1997	Transgenic Drosophila strains bearing aspartic acid or alanine substitutions at the presumed regulatory phosphorylation site (Ser50) of Drosophila eIF-2alpha were established.	Alanine	55-62	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha	Drosophila melanogaster	147-157
9495316-7	1997	In contrast, flies bearing the alanine eIF-2alpha mutant (HA) displayed a fast growth phenotype and females were significantly larger than nontransgenic control sisters.	Alanine	31-38	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha	Drosophila melanogaster	39-49
9495318-8	1997	When this nonconserved arginine residue was changed to alanine the CRP1 NLS behaved as a classical bipartite signal, suggesting that bipartite NLSs are present in all family members but that NLSs of the individual members differ slightly.	Alanine	55-62	CCAAT enhancer binding protein epsilon	Homo sapiens	67-71
9357050-1	1997	The heptadecapeptide, orphanin FQ or nociceptin (Phe-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln), originally isolated from rat brain has been identified as an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid-like receptor.	Alanine	69-72	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
9357050-1	1997	The heptadecapeptide, orphanin FQ or nociceptin (Phe-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln), originally isolated from rat brain has been identified as an endogenous ligand for the orphan opioid-like receptor.	Alanine	85-88	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
8961947-3	1996	The enzyme contains 1.91 +/- 0.08 zinc atoms/mol of protein and retains full activity when stored several months at 4 degrees C. It hydrolyzes the fluorescent substrate Dns-PLALWAR at the Ala-Leu bond with a kcat of 3.1 s-1 and K(m) of 1.8 x 10(-5) M at pH 7.5, 37 degrees C, values closely similar to those for the matrilysin produced by activation of the Chinese hamster ovary and E. coli-expressed promatrilysin.	Alanine	188-191	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	316-326
8969896-5	1996	Replacement of Val-320 of CYP11B1 by alanine, the corresponding residue found in CYP11B2, led to production of aldosterone by this mutant enzyme.	Alanine	37-44	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	81-88
8921948-3	1996	In the present study, we have defined the T cell receptor (TCR) contact residues for DR2a-restricted, (87-99)-specific T helper type 1 T cells to design APL suitable to modify the functions of such T cells potentially relevant for the pathogenesis of MS. We show that neutral (L-alanine substitutions) or conservative exchanges of the primary and secondary TCR contact residues lead to various alterations of T cell function, ranging from differences in interleukin-2 receptor up-regulation to anergy induction and TCR antagonism.	Alanine	277-286	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	42-57
8921948-3	1996	In the present study, we have defined the T cell receptor (TCR) contact residues for DR2a-restricted, (87-99)-specific T helper type 1 T cells to design APL suitable to modify the functions of such T cells potentially relevant for the pathogenesis of MS. We show that neutral (L-alanine substitutions) or conservative exchanges of the primary and secondary TCR contact residues lead to various alterations of T cell function, ranging from differences in interleukin-2 receptor up-regulation to anergy induction and TCR antagonism.	Alanine	277-286	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	59-62
8930296-2	1996	This is the first in vivo electrophysiological evidence demonstrating the effects of Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln (nociceptin or orphanin FQ), an endogenous ligand for the orphan ORL1 receptor, on nociceptive neurons in the CNS.	Alanine	109-112	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
8930296-2	1996	This is the first in vivo electrophysiological evidence demonstrating the effects of Phe-Gly-Gly-Phe-Thr-Gly-Ala-Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Ala-Asn-Gln (nociceptin or orphanin FQ), an endogenous ligand for the orphan ORL1 receptor, on nociceptive neurons in the CNS.	Alanine	109-112	prepronociceptin	Rattus norvegicus	168-179
8950780-1	1996	Charge-to-alanine mutations of three amino acid residues, viz, D46, D48, and D/Hya71, which are known to be important in stabilizing Ca2+ binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins, have been engineered into recombinant human protein C (r-PC).	Alanine	10-17	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	149-172
8950780-1	1996	Charge-to-alanine mutations of three amino acid residues, viz, D46, D48, and D/Hya71, which are known to be important in stabilizing Ca2+ binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins, have been engineered into recombinant human protein C (r-PC).	Alanine	10-17	protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa	Homo sapiens	282-291
8950780-1	1996	Charge-to-alanine mutations of three amino acid residues, viz, D46, D48, and D/Hya71, which are known to be important in stabilizing Ca2+ binding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains of vitamin K-dependent blood coagulation proteins, have been engineered into recombinant human protein C (r-PC).	Alanine	10-17	protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	293-297
8870684-7	1996	Mutating the equivalent serine (residue 11) of GSTT2-2 to Ala, Thr or Tyr abolished the catalytic properties of GSTT2-2 with cumene hydroperoxide and ethacrynic acid as second substrate.	Alanine	58-61	glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	47-52
8870684-7	1996	Mutating the equivalent serine (residue 11) of GSTT2-2 to Ala, Thr or Tyr abolished the catalytic properties of GSTT2-2 with cumene hydroperoxide and ethacrynic acid as second substrate.	Alanine	58-61	glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	112-117
8923785-7	1996	When cysteine 310 of PSGL-1 was mutated to alanine, P-selectin binding was markedly reduced, suggesting the importance of dimerization of PSGL-1.	Alanine	43-50	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	21-27
8923785-7	1996	When cysteine 310 of PSGL-1 was mutated to alanine, P-selectin binding was markedly reduced, suggesting the importance of dimerization of PSGL-1.	Alanine	43-50	selectin P	Homo sapiens	52-62
8756647-7	1996	Mutation of S-699 to alanine significantly impairs GAL induction by galactose in GAL80+ cells but does not affect transcriptional activation by Gal4p in gal80- cells.	Alanine	21-28	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	81-86
8806744-2	1996	Likewise the C1/C2 and C6/C5 ratios for 13C abundance in newly formed glucose, which largely exceeded the C3/C2 ratio of lactate or alanine and could reflect reversibility in the fumarase reaction, were compatible with the enzyme-to-enzyme tunneling of symmetrical Krebs cycle intermediates in the sequence of reactions catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, and fumarase.	Alanine	132-139	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	13-25
8806744-2	1996	Likewise the C1/C2 and C6/C5 ratios for 13C abundance in newly formed glucose, which largely exceeded the C3/C2 ratio of lactate or alanine and could reflect reversibility in the fumarase reaction, were compatible with the enzyme-to-enzyme tunneling of symmetrical Krebs cycle intermediates in the sequence of reactions catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, and fumarase.	Alanine	132-139	fumarate hydratase	Rattus norvegicus	179-187
8806744-2	1996	Likewise the C1/C2 and C6/C5 ratios for 13C abundance in newly formed glucose, which largely exceeded the C3/C2 ratio of lactate or alanine and could reflect reversibility in the fumarase reaction, were compatible with the enzyme-to-enzyme tunneling of symmetrical Krebs cycle intermediates in the sequence of reactions catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase, succinate dehydrogenase, and fumarase.	Alanine	132-139	fumarate hydratase	Rattus norvegicus	387-395
8761310-5	1996	Substitution of this residue with alanine enhanced CSF-1-dependent colony formation in semi-solid medium of NIH3T3 cells expressing a mitogenically defective CSF-1 receptor [Y809F].	Alanine	34-41	colony stimulating factor 1 receptor	Mus musculus	158-172
8700135-6	1996	Receptors with alanine mutations at positions W163, F173, Q219, N283, F286, and D287 showed reduced binding for both NPY and BIBP 3226.	Alanine	15-22	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	117-120
8663364-2	1996	To study structure-function relationships in the enzyme, seventeen clusters of charged residues of the bovine gamma-glutamyl carboxylase were substituted with alanines using site-specific mutagenesis.	Alanine	159-167	gamma-glutamyl carboxylase	Bos taurus	110-136
8663227-13	1996	The PKA-dependent incorporation of 32P was reduced to the largest extent in mutants with both Ser13 --&gt; Ala and Ser54 --&gt; Ala substitutions, confirming the presence of more than one phosphorylation site in rat PDE4D3.	Alanine	107-110	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8663227-13	1996	The PKA-dependent incorporation of 32P was reduced to the largest extent in mutants with both Ser13 --&gt; Ala and Ser54 --&gt; Ala substitutions, confirming the presence of more than one phosphorylation site in rat PDE4D3.	Alanine	128-131	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2689730-11	1989	The insulin response to alanine tolerance gave two peaks at 2.5 min and 30 min and the latter peak was dependent on the blood glucose response before and after hepatectomy.	Alanine	24-31	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	4-11
2777799-7	1989	The Val-E11 side chain in alpha chains also appears to be part of the kinetic barrier to O2 and CO binding since substitution with Ala causes approximately 10-fold increases in the association rate constants for the binding of these diatomic ligands.	Alanine	131-134	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	89-98
2617513-1	1989	DQw8 (DQw3.2) on DR4 haplotypes is a susceptibility gene for development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Caucasoids, possibly because it encodes a non-Asp amino acid (aa) (i.e. Ala) at residue 57 of the DQ beta chain (non-Asp-57).	Alanine	194-197	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
2752049-3	1989	As in the rat species, cytochrome b5 preparations from man, rabbit, calf and horse had an acetylated alanine as the first residue.	Alanine	101-108	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	23-36
2570568-1	1989	Urine from mutant mice lacking D-amino-acid oxidase contained a large amount of alanine compared with that from normal mice.	Alanine	80-87	D-amino acid oxidase	Mus musculus	31-51
2570568-2	1989	Urinary alanine of the mutant mice was sensitive to D-amino-acid oxidase.	Alanine	8-15	D-amino acid oxidase	Mus musculus	52-72
2654306-7	1989	The molecular weight of beta-MSP is 10,652 from the amino acid sequence, in which the protein has been shown to contain no alanine residue.	Alanine	123-130	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	24-32
2537364-4	1989	In melanoma extracts, the phosphorylcholine (PC)/glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC): Ala, Glu: Ser, and lactate: Ala ratios were five-, three-, and two-fold higher, respectively, than normal skin and the Val: Leu/Ile ratio was two-thirds of normal skin.	Alanine	81-84	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-78
2537364-5	1989	With heat treatment, PC/GPC: Ala and Glu: Ser ratios decreased, whereas lactate: Ala and Val: Leu/Ile ratios increased three-fold and one-third, respectively.	Alanine	29-32	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	21-27
2642904-3	1989	These results strongly support the view that the three long (alanine + proline)-rich regions of the dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase chains are exposed to solvent and enjoy substantial conformational flexibility in the enzyme complex.	Alanine	61-68	acetyltransferase	Escherichia coli	114-131
2598662-1	1989	The major, non-amelogenin protein component (enamelin) present in EDTA or EDTA-GU HCl extracts of developing bovine enamel has a molecular weight of approximately 67 kD and an amino acid composition rich in asp, glu, ala, leuc and lys.	Alanine	217-220	enamelin	Bos taurus	45-53
2454995-5	1988	Two mAb specific for this epitope were obtained after immunization with the synthetic octapeptide (OP) Arg-Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala [C3a(69-76)] coupled to the carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH).	Alanine	107-110	complement C3	Homo sapiens	136-139
3167022-0	1988	Amino-terminal alanine functions in a calcium-specific process essential for membrane binding by prothrombin fragment 1.	Alanine	15-22	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	97-108
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Alanine	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
3166990-3	1988	In the PBG synthase reaction [5,5-2H,5-13C]ALA forms [2,11,11-2H,2,11-13C]PBG (chemical shifts 116.2 ppm for C2 and 34.2 ppm for C11 in D2O).	Alanine	43-46	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4	Homo sapiens	129-132
8663233-11	1996	A peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 20 amino acids of Ret dissociated Enigma and Ret complexes, while a mutant that changed Asn-Lys-Leu-Tyr in the peptide to Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala or a peptide corresponding to exon16 of InsR failed to disrupt the complexes, indicating the Asn-Lys-Leu-Tyr sequence of Ret is essential to the recognition motif for LIM2 of Enigma.	Alanine	171-174	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	67-70
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Alanine	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
8679616-1	1996	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was undertaken to evaluate the structural significance of Met230-His235 of the 66 kDa subunit of p66/p51 human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT).	Alanine	0-7	DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	126-129
3351849-5	1988	The substitution of D-N-methylalanine, D-(NMe)Ala, into position 2 of both [des-Asp1]AII and [des-Asp1,Ile8]AII gives analogues 39 and 40 that appear to be more potent than the native [Arg2]peptides and that are the most potent AIII agonists and antagonists described to date.	Alanine	46-49	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	80-84
3351849-5	1988	The substitution of D-N-methylalanine, D-(NMe)Ala, into position 2 of both [des-Asp1]AII and [des-Asp1,Ile8]AII gives analogues 39 and 40 that appear to be more potent than the native [Arg2]peptides and that are the most potent AIII agonists and antagonists described to date.	Alanine	46-49	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
8679616-1	1996	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was undertaken to evaluate the structural significance of Met230-His235 of the 66 kDa subunit of p66/p51 human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT).	Alanine	0-7	tumor protein p63	Homo sapiens	130-133
19515828-0	2009	Genetic analysis of the SPRN gene in ruminants reveals polymorphisms in the alanine-rich segment of shadoo protein.	Alanine	76-83	shadow of prion protein	Mus musculus	24-28
8662894-5	1996	In all individuals with the FUT6 missense mutation Gly-739 --&gt; Ala in double dose, no fucosylation of alpha1-acid glycoprotein was found.	Alanine	66-69	fucosyltransferase 6	Homo sapiens	28-32
3322904-7	1987	Indeed, 70% of the fall in hepatic glucose production and virtually 100% of the changes in lactate and alanine metabolism produced by basal insulin infusion were mediated by a fall in glucagon.	Alanine	103-110	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	140-147
19458970-4	2009	The comprehensive nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire mitochondrial genome using resequencing microarray revealed a mutation (mtND3*10197A (m.10197G>A)) substituting a threonine for a highly conserved alanine at codon 47 of MTND3 on the background of haplogroup D4b.	Alanine	208-215	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	133-138
2442159-5	1987	The predicted amino acid composition of P-57 is rather unusual in that it is highly enriched in alanine, glutamic acid, and lysine residues, and relatively enriched with proline residues.	Alanine	96-103	coronin, actin binding protein 1A	Mus musculus	40-44
19458970-4	2009	The comprehensive nucleotide sequence analysis of the entire mitochondrial genome using resequencing microarray revealed a mutation (mtND3*10197A (m.10197G>A)) substituting a threonine for a highly conserved alanine at codon 47 of MTND3 on the background of haplogroup D4b.	Alanine	208-215	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	231-236
8822580-0	1996	First case of sporadic protein S deficiency due to a novel candidate mutation, Ala 484--&gt;Pro, in the protein S active gene (PROS1).	Alanine	79-82	protein S	Homo sapiens	127-132
19789817-7	2009	Membrane integrity following ALA-PDT was kept intact and undamaged in ALAD-silenced cells as examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and LDH-L leakage.	Alanine	29-32	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	105-114
8662595-1	1996	Residues in human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) crucial for binding to both the human LIF receptor (R) and gp130 were identified by analysis of alanine scanning mutants of hLIF in assays for both receptor binding and bioactivity.	Alanine	148-155	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	18-44
8662595-1	1996	Residues in human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) crucial for binding to both the human LIF receptor (R) and gp130 were identified by analysis of alanine scanning mutants of hLIF in assays for both receptor binding and bioactivity.	Alanine	148-155	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	46-50
8662595-1	1996	Residues in human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) crucial for binding to both the human LIF receptor (R) and gp130 were identified by analysis of alanine scanning mutants of hLIF in assays for both receptor binding and bioactivity.	Alanine	148-155	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	47-50
3318115-6	1987	Cathepsin B split off the C-terminal dipeptide in synthetic substrates Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala and Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala but not in Met-Arg-Phe-Ala.	Alanine	91-94	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	0-11
3318115-6	1987	Cathepsin B split off the C-terminal dipeptide in synthetic substrates Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala and Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala but not in Met-Arg-Phe-Ala.	Alanine	115-118	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	0-11
3315797-0	1987	The effect of prehepatic insulin administration on alanine flux rates in diabetic dogs.	Alanine	51-58	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-32
2436231-1	1987	A highly immunogenic epitope from a conserved COOH-terminal region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gp120 envelope protein has been identified with antisera from HIV-seropositive subjects and a synthetic peptide (SP-22) containing 15 amino acids from this region (Ala-Pro-Thr-Lys-Ala-Lys-Arg-Arg-Val-Val-Gln-Arg-Glu-Lys-Arg).	Alanine	273-276	peroxiredoxin 3	Homo sapiens	222-227
19545238-1	2009	PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) is a severe inborn disorder of glyoxylate metabolism caused by a functional deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme AGXT (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase), which converts glyoxylate into glycine using L-alanine as the amino-group donor.	Alanine	237-246	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8621570-2	1996	Eight restrictively conserved amino acids in FEN-1 have been converted individually to an alanine to elucidate their roles in specific DNA substrate binding and catalysis.	Alanine	90-97	flap structure-specific endonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
19545238-1	2009	PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) is a severe inborn disorder of glyoxylate metabolism caused by a functional deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme AGXT (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase), which converts glyoxylate into glycine using L-alanine as the amino-group donor.	Alanine	237-246	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	5-33
19545238-1	2009	PH1 (primary hyperoxaluria type 1) is a severe inborn disorder of glyoxylate metabolism caused by a functional deficiency of the peroxisomal enzyme AGXT (alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase), which converts glyoxylate into glycine using L-alanine as the amino-group donor.	Alanine	237-246	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	154-189
3568008-2	1987	Both proteolytic activities exhibited similar patterns: During administration of the carcinogen they increased up to 2.1-fold (Boc-[Ala]2-Nan) and 1.7-fold (Bz-Lys-Nan) the activity of the control group (P less than 0.05).	Alanine	132-135	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
19423552-14	2009	Multiple variants, including an Ala to Pro variant in codon 90 (rs2086310) of human ADAMTS16, were associated with human resting systolic BP (SBP).	Alanine	32-35	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 16	Homo sapiens	84-92
3610337-5	1987	A strong correlation can be demonstrated between specifically measured ALA values and the enzyme activity of ALA-dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood at lead levels (Pb-B) below 35 micrograms/dl (r = -0.768 for ALA-U/log ALA-D; n = 18).	Alanine	71-74	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	109-124
8743297-0	1996	Epitopic characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	53-60	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	29-43
8743297-0	1996	Epitopic characterization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	53-60	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	45-48
8743297-1	1996	Characterization of the epitopic structures of neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been studied by alanine-scanning mutagenesis, based on our previous investigation of a panel of six murine anti-NPY IgM monoclonal antibodies.	Alanine	88-95	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	47-61
8743297-1	1996	Characterization of the epitopic structures of neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been studied by alanine-scanning mutagenesis, based on our previous investigation of a panel of six murine anti-NPY IgM monoclonal antibodies.	Alanine	88-95	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	63-66
3610337-5	1987	A strong correlation can be demonstrated between specifically measured ALA values and the enzyme activity of ALA-dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood at lead levels (Pb-B) below 35 micrograms/dl (r = -0.768 for ALA-U/log ALA-D; n = 18).	Alanine	71-74	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	126-131
19587282-2	2009	One of its monogenic causes is an insertion mutation [c.304ins (GCG)(7)] on the X chromosome, expanding the first polyalanine tract of the interneuron-specific transcription factor Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) from 16 to 23 alanine codons.	Alanine	118-125	aristaless related homeobox	Mus musculus	181-208
3610337-5	1987	A strong correlation can be demonstrated between specifically measured ALA values and the enzyme activity of ALA-dehydratase (ALA-D) in blood at lead levels (Pb-B) below 35 micrograms/dl (r = -0.768 for ALA-U/log ALA-D; n = 18).	Alanine	71-74	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	213-218
3009860-1	1986	We have constructed two point mutants of Rous sarcoma virus in which the amino-terminal glycine residue of the transforming protein, p60src, was changed to an alanine or a glutamic acid residue.	Alanine	159-166	p60 src	Rous sarcoma virus	133-139
8671633-2	1996	In common for all these peptides is the core sequence NH2-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Trp-Ala-Ile-Arg-Thr-Arg-COOH, NP383-391, known as an antigenic peptide specific for the HLA-B27 class I antigen.	Alanine	74-77	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	158-165
8718673-7	1996	Transfection of cells with vimentin cDNA lacking the p34cdc2 phosphorylation site (ser55:ala) effectively prevents mitotic cells from disassembling their IF.	Alanine	89-92	vimentin	Homo sapiens	27-35
8718673-7	1996	Transfection of cells with vimentin cDNA lacking the p34cdc2 phosphorylation site (ser55:ala) effectively prevents mitotic cells from disassembling their IF.	Alanine	89-92	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	53-60
19587282-2	2009	One of its monogenic causes is an insertion mutation [c.304ins (GCG)(7)] on the X chromosome, expanding the first polyalanine tract of the interneuron-specific transcription factor Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) from 16 to 23 alanine codons.	Alanine	118-125	aristaless related homeobox	Mus musculus	210-213
2873093-4	1986	The percent changes in ammonia and glutamine concentrations were inversely correlated (r = -80; p less than 0.001) After protein ingestion, somatostatin slowed the maximal plasma increase in ammonia and alpha-nitrogens by at least two hours, but their total 5 h plasma response was not reduced, and even, in some instances, significantly increased (valine, leucine, glutamine, alanine and serine) with respect to saline.	Alanine	377-384	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	140-152
19451660-7	2009	RESULTS: The Ala/Ala genotype was 27.7% in cancer patients (29.5% AC, 26.6% SCC), 23.1% in patients with heavy alcohol abuse and 12.5% in the group of healthy blood donors.	Alanine	13-16	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
3944120-4	1986	Comparison of hv1 with H2A.F (= H2A.Z = M1), another evolutionarily conserved H2A variant whose sequence is known, reveals that they share an unblocked amino-terminal alanine (instead of acetylserine) and a distinctive structure in a "variant box" region that distinguishes them from major H2As.	Alanine	167-174	hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility	Mus musculus	14-17
8604347-4	1996	In contrast, the alanine mutant showed a weak reduction in the ability of p53 to repress expression from the c-fos promoter, which is a target for p53-dependent repression in vivo.	Alanine	17-24	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	74-77
8604347-4	1996	In contrast, the alanine mutant showed a weak reduction in the ability of p53 to repress expression from the c-fos promoter, which is a target for p53-dependent repression in vivo.	Alanine	17-24	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	109-114
8604347-4	1996	In contrast, the alanine mutant showed a weak reduction in the ability of p53 to repress expression from the c-fos promoter, which is a target for p53-dependent repression in vivo.	Alanine	17-24	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	147-150
19451660-7	2009	RESULTS: The Ala/Ala genotype was 27.7% in cancer patients (29.5% AC, 26.6% SCC), 23.1% in patients with heavy alcohol abuse and 12.5% in the group of healthy blood donors.	Alanine	17-20	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	76-79
3951985-2	1986	Among the various mutations found we discovered two novel Ki-ras mutations in codon 12: gly to ala and gly to ser.	Alanine	95-98	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	58-64
19320847-8	2009	Our results suggested that (1) FECH siRNA improved the phototoxicity of ALA-PDT, (2) overexpression of HO-1 was associated with shorter (GT)n repeat of the promoter region, and (3) siRNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1 could suppress the growth of bladder cancer cells overexpressing HO-1.	Alanine	72-75	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
2418828-3	1986	The inhibitor peptides [Ala107]MBP(104-118) and [Ala113]MBP (104-118), containing alanine in place of the arginine recognition sites, apparently inhibited the enzyme noncompetitively with respect to substrates, with IC50 values ranging from 46-145 and 28-62 microM, respectively.	Alanine	82-89	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8641675-2	1996	Phenylalanine (F) and alanine (A) at positions 46 and 54 on p43-58 respectively bind to I-Ab.	Alanine	6-13	aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1	Mus musculus	60-63
19320847-8	2009	Our results suggested that (1) FECH siRNA improved the phototoxicity of ALA-PDT, (2) overexpression of HO-1 was associated with shorter (GT)n repeat of the promoter region, and (3) siRNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1 could suppress the growth of bladder cancer cells overexpressing HO-1.	Alanine	72-75	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
2418828-3	1986	The inhibitor peptides [Ala107]MBP(104-118) and [Ala113]MBP (104-118), containing alanine in place of the arginine recognition sites, apparently inhibited the enzyme noncompetitively with respect to substrates, with IC50 values ranging from 46-145 and 28-62 microM, respectively.	Alanine	82-89	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
8621703-6	1996	At this position the hydrophilic glutamine in the PTH molecule corresponds to hydrophobic alanine in the PTH-rP molecule.	Alanine	90-97	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Gallus gallus	105-111
19320847-8	2009	Our results suggested that (1) FECH siRNA improved the phototoxicity of ALA-PDT, (2) overexpression of HO-1 was associated with shorter (GT)n repeat of the promoter region, and (3) siRNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1 could suppress the growth of bladder cancer cells overexpressing HO-1.	Alanine	72-75	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
8621703-13	1996	A synthetic hybrid peptide was synthesized, [Ala29]PTH(28-48), in which alanine replaced glutamine at position 29, as in the PTH-rP molecule.	Alanine	72-79	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Gallus gallus	125-131
19405544-7	2009	Mutant SR-A models were generated by replacing charged residues with alanine.	Alanine	69-76	macrophage scavenger receptor 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
8621729-6	1996	All three members of the Raf family kinases were identified as positive clones when the mutant MEK1S218/222A, in which the two phosphorylation serine residues were substituted by alanines, was used as a bait, whereas no positive clones were isolated when the wild type MEK1 was used as a bait in a similar screening.	Alanine	179-187	A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	25-28
8621729-6	1996	All three members of the Raf family kinases were identified as positive clones when the mutant MEK1S218/222A, in which the two phosphorylation serine residues were substituted by alanines, was used as a bait, whereas no positive clones were isolated when the wild type MEK1 was used as a bait in a similar screening.	Alanine	179-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
3536370-0	1986	[Interaction of tryptophanase with oxindolyl-L-alanine and L-alanine].	Alanine	45-54	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	16-29
19225110-5	2009	We demonstrate that serine 80 (S80) phosphorylation of MeCP2 is critical as its mutation into alanine (S80A) in transgenic knock-in mice leads to locomotor deficits.	Alanine	94-101	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	55-60
3544447-6	1986	The AA factor (FAA) proposed is FAA = [Glutamic acid]/[( Aspartic acid] + [Alanine]) its value in fractions of non-potent inhibitory material and in kidney stone matrices is below 0.6.	Alanine	75-82	FA complementation group A	Homo sapiens	15-18
3544447-6	1986	The AA factor (FAA) proposed is FAA = [Glutamic acid]/[( Aspartic acid] + [Alanine]) its value in fractions of non-potent inhibitory material and in kidney stone matrices is below 0.6.	Alanine	75-82	FA complementation group A	Homo sapiens	32-35
8550532-1	1996	The single cysteine in the ArsB protein subunit of the arsenite resistance pump was changed to serine and alanine residues.	Alanine	106-113	arylsulfatase B	Homo sapiens	27-31
8552073-5	1996	Alanine substitution mutations were introduced at eight conserved residues within a 206-amino-acid region of similarity between ABD1 and the methyltransferase domain of the vaccinia virus capping enzyme.	Alanine	0-7	mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-132
8552081-5	1996	Mutation of a threonine residue to alanine in the conserved amino-terminal regions of Ets1 and Ets2 (threonine 38 and threonine 72, respectively) abrogated the ability of each of these proteins to superactivate reporter gene expression.	Alanine	35-42	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	86-90
8552081-5	1996	Mutation of a threonine residue to alanine in the conserved amino-terminal regions of Ets1 and Ets2 (threonine 38 and threonine 72, respectively) abrogated the ability of each of these proteins to superactivate reporter gene expression.	Alanine	35-42	ETS proto-oncogene 2, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	95-99
6238036-3	1984	HMG 17 is phosphorylated predominantly in a single seryl residue, Ser 24 in the sequence Gln-Arg-Arg-Ser 24-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ser 28-Ala-Lys, with the second seryl moiety, Ser 28, modified to a markedly lesser degree.	Alanine	108-111	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
6238036-3	1984	HMG 17 is phosphorylated predominantly in a single seryl residue, Ser 24 in the sequence Gln-Arg-Arg-Ser 24-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ser 28-Ala-Lys, with the second seryl moiety, Ser 28, modified to a markedly lesser degree.	Alanine	127-130	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
19217790-4	2009	DPP-4, a protease that specifically cleaves dipeptides from proteins and oligopeptides after a penultimate N-terminal proline or alanine, is involved in the degradation of a number of neuropeptides, peptide hormones and cytokines, including the incretins GLP-1 and GIP.	Alanine	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
6093106-6	1984	The 22-residue amino-terminal sequence of brain CCK-58 was: Ala-Val-Gln-Lys-Val-Asp-Gly-Glu-Pro-Arg-Ala-His-Leu-Gly -Ala-Leu-leu-Ala-Arg-Tyr-Ile-Gln-, the same as the sequence found for canine intestinal CCK-58 from this pool of dogs.	Alanine	60-63	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	48-51
19143627-2	2009	Specifically, the PTAP (Pro-Thr-Ala-Pro)-type primary L domain of HIV-1 recruits ESCRT-I by binding to Tsg101 (tumour susceptibility gene 101), and an auxiliary LYPX(n)L (Leu-Tyr-Pro-Xaa(n)-Leu)-type L domain recruits the ESCRT-III-binding partner Alix [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2)-interacting protein X].	Alanine	32-35	programmed cell death 6 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	248-252
6326805-3	1984	The radiolabeled prothrombin synthesized in the cell-free system was then subjected to automated Edman degradation and shown to contain a leader sequence of at least 30 residues that was rich in leucine, phenylalanine, and alanine.	Alanine	210-217	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	17-28
6703688-9	1984	The holo activity of AGT 2 with a high Km for L-alanine decreased more slowly than AGT 1 (by 33% in 14 days, by 60% in 28 days).	Alanine	46-55	alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
9075580-9	1996	The reactivity with one monoclonal antibody, H19, was abrogated by the mutations 61Tyr--&gt;Gly and 61Tyr--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	111-114	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	45-48
7499264-9	1995	The P1-Arg amino acid residue of PAI-2 was determined to be required for protection, because cells expressing PAI-2 with an Ala in this position were not protected from TNF-mediated cell death.	Alanine	124-127	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
18637132-7	2009	Both of these Thr(111)/Ala(111) heterozygotes carried a single polymorphism of MC1R (one with the V92M variant and another with the V60L variant).	Alanine	23-26	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	79-83
7556942-4	1995	In addition, the 5" end of msh has 52% sequence identity to the 5" end of the empty spiracles gene and encodes several stretches of amino acids rich in serine, alanine, proline, glutamine, and acidic amino acids, indicating potential domains of regulatory activity.	Alanine	160-167	Drop	Drosophila melanogaster	27-30
6617875-0	1983	Proline- and alanine-rich N-terminal extension of the basic bovine beta-crystallin B1 chains.	Alanine	13-20	crystallin beta B1	Bos taurus	67-85
19051000-4	2009	Marked reduction in glutathione levels of the saline-treated early ulcer group was reversed by ALA treatment, while ALA treatment was effective in depressing gastric myeloperoxidase activity in the late ulcer group.	Alanine	116-119	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	166-181
6349384-6	1983	With the preprogrammed insulin infusions used to normalize plasma glucose profiles to the intraduodenal glucose load, all hormonal and metabolic responses were normalized during intraportal infusion (IRI, 72.5 +/- 4.2 microU/ml; glucagon, 66 +/- 10 pg/ml; lactate, 1.06 +/- 0.10 mmol/liter; alanine, 0.251 +/- 0.042 mmol/liter; glycerol, 0.043 +/- 0.013 mmol/liter; NEFA, 0.24 +/- 0.03 mmol/liter; and 3-hydroxybutyrate, 0.012 +/- 0.007 mmol/liter) but marked hyperinsulinemia (103.2 +/- 6.1 microU/ml) and depressed glycerol, NEFA, and 3-hydroxybutyrate responses at 2 h (0.056 +/- 0.005, 0.52 +/- 0.10, and 0.019 +/- 0.010 mmol/liter, respectively) resulted during peripheral infusion.	Alanine	291-298	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	23-30
6306055-2	1983	Intact bovine parathyroid hormone and the synthetic 1-34 fragment of this hormone stimulated the release of alanine and glutamine from muscle of control but not from chronically uremic animals.	Alanine	108-115	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	14-33
7662663-8	1995	We report data to show that human UMP synthase derived from either human placenta or larval extracts both have a sequence in which the N-terminal methionine has been removed and the formerly penultimate alanine has been acetylated.	Alanine	203-210	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	34-46
18840610-1	2009	In a previous study, we examined thermodynamic parameters for 20 alanine mutants in beta-lactamase inhibitory protein (BLIP) for binding to TEM-1 beta-lactamase.	Alanine	65-72	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	140-145
7542584-1	1995	To characterize potential MHC class II binding sites of the bacterial SAg staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, we performed alanine substitution mutagenesis throughout the C-terminus and at selected sites in the N-terminal domain.	Alanine	122-129	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	70-73
6339075-4	1983	The ste13 mutants lack a membrane-bound heat-stable dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DPAPase A) that specifically cleaves on the carboxyl side of repeating -X-Ala- sequences.	Alanine	153-156	Ste13p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
18840610-4	2009	We previously determined that BLIP Tyr51 is a canonical and Trp150 an anti-canonical TEM-1-contact residue, where canonical refers to the alanine substitution resulting in a matched change in the hydrophobicity of binding free energy.	Alanine	138-145	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	85-90
18977199-4	2008	Mutation of these threonines to alanines results in defects in CAP-G localization with chromosomes during mitosis.	Alanine	32-40	capping actin protein, gelsolin like	Homo sapiens	63-68
6292511-1	1982	An antiserum specific for the carboxy terminus of p60src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, was produced by immunization of rabbits with a conjugate of bovine serum albumin and the synthetic peptide NH2-Tyr-Val-Leu-Glu-Val-Ala-Glu-COOH.	Alanine	237-240	p60 src	Rous sarcoma virus	50-56
7756258-3	1995	On the basis of the three-dimensional structure, we here analyze the importance of tissue factor residues for binding of ligand by scanning alanine mutagenesis.	Alanine	140-147	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	83-96
7730355-1	1995	Mutants of each of the four divalent cation binding sites of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis to convert Asp to Ala at the first coordinating position in each site.	Alanine	169-172	tenascin C	Gallus gallus	85-95
7730355-1	1995	Mutants of each of the four divalent cation binding sites of chicken skeletal muscle troponin C (TnC) were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis to convert Asp to Ala at the first coordinating position in each site.	Alanine	169-172	tenascin C	Gallus gallus	97-100
6818840-2	1982	L-alanine (0.11 M) dissolved in hypotonic NaCl caused more pronounced inhibition of the water diuresis and greater increase in AVP excretion than did the control infusions, but, in comparison to the latter, the responses developed very slowly.	Alanine	0-9	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Capra hircus	127-130
18820256-4	2008	To identify the HSL binding site of AFABP/aP2 a combination of alanine-scanning mutagenesis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used.	Alanine	63-70	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
6284735-5	1982	On the other hand, the replacement of 2 Pro for the Ala and Val flanking Thr(32P), to give a new phosphohexapeptide reproducing the phosphorylated site of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1, prevents the protein phosphatase-T activity.	Alanine	52-55	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	155-186
18820256-4	2008	To identify the HSL binding site of AFABP/aP2 a combination of alanine-scanning mutagenesis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used.	Alanine	63-70	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
18815131-1	2008	The importance of the N-terminal region of HIV gp120 conserved domain 1 (gp120-C1) to envelope function has been examined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry; envelope expression, processing, and incorporation; and gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	125-132	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
7160538-9	1982	Although preprandial plasma alanine concentrations were greater when insulin was infused via the portal vein, the postprandial increments did not differ from those observed during infusion of insulin by a peripheral vein.	Alanine	28-35	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	69-76
7533537-7	1995	Within amino-terminal residues 1-114, alanine 103 and leucine 104 are required for inhibition of t-PA and alpha 2M* binding.	Alanine	38-45	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	106-114
7746155-4	1995	TIP1, TIR1 and TIR2 are rich in both serine and alanine residues and each contains serine-rich tandem repeats.	Alanine	48-55	putative lipase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
18815131-1	2008	The importance of the N-terminal region of HIV gp120 conserved domain 1 (gp120-C1) to envelope function has been examined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry; envelope expression, processing, and incorporation; and gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	125-132	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
18815131-1	2008	The importance of the N-terminal region of HIV gp120 conserved domain 1 (gp120-C1) to envelope function has been examined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis and subsequent characterization of the mutagenic effects on viral entry; envelope expression, processing, and incorporation; and gp120 association with gp41.	Alanine	125-132	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
18981164-7	2008	Repertoires of T cell memory are discussed in the context of clonal diversity, where poly-Gly/Ala runs in the CDR3 of alpha- and beta-chains might provide high levels of TCR flexibility during Ag recognition while gene-encoded CDR1 and CDR2 contribute to the fine specificity of the TCR-peptide MHC interaction.	Alanine	94-97	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
7792802-6	1995	Sequence analysis of CYP11B2 of CMO II deficient patients has revealed two point mutations, CGG--&gt;TGG (Arg181--&gt;Trp) in exon 3 and GTG--&gt;GCG (Val386--&gt;Ala) in exon 7.	Alanine	163-166	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 2	Homo sapiens	21-28
6809630-0	1982	Effect of L18-MDP(Ala), a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, on nonspecific resistance of mice to microbial infections.	Alanine	18-21	ribosomal protein L18	Mus musculus	10-13
6809630-3	1982	Against E. coli infections, L18-MDP(Ala) was highly protective, irrespective of the administration route.	Alanine	36-39	ribosomal protein L18	Mus musculus	28-31
6809630-9	1982	This difference may be ascribed to the differences in the effector mechanisms of defense and to the different degree of augmentation of each defense mechanism by L18-MDP(Ala).	Alanine	170-173	ribosomal protein L18	Mus musculus	162-165
18805561-5	2008	When cysteine 115 of HBx is mutated to alanine the mitochondria targeting property of HBx is abrogated.	Alanine	39-46	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	21-24
7798217-11	1994	Transfection assays of wild type and mutant Gal4-CREB fusion proteins in PC12 cells demonstrated that Ser--&gt;Ala substitution of residue 129 of CREB341 impairs the transcriptional response to cAMP induction.	Alanine	111-114	galectin 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
7798217-11	1994	Transfection assays of wild type and mutant Gal4-CREB fusion proteins in PC12 cells demonstrated that Ser--&gt;Ala substitution of residue 129 of CREB341 impairs the transcriptional response to cAMP induction.	Alanine	111-114	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
6811316-0	1982	Preparation of 15N-labeled L-alanine by coupling the alanine dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase reactions.	Alanine	27-36	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	79-100
18805561-5	2008	When cysteine 115 of HBx is mutated to alanine the mitochondria targeting property of HBx is abrogated.	Alanine	39-46	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	86-89
18957164-1	2008	Phor21-betaCG(ala), a 36-amino acid peptide comprised of a lytic peptide (Phor21) conjugated to a modified 15-amino acid segment of the beta-chain of chorionic gonadotropin (betaCG(ala)), selectively kills cancer cells that over-express luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptors by disrupting cellular membrane structure.	Alanine	14-17	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	237-279
6279643-9	1982	On the basis of amino acid composition, the tryptic peptides carrying the minor phosphorylation sites were identified as H-Leu-Ser(P)-Ala-Lys representing residues 23-26 and 27-30 of HMG 14 and HMG 17, respectively.	Alanine	134-137	high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2	Homo sapiens	194-200
6113238-4	1981	Implantation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase into erythrocyte membrane led to stimulation of uptake of glutamate and alanine, which are normally transported at a slow rate in human erythrocytes.	Alanine	118-125	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	16-45
7980442-13	1994	To confirm that palmitoylation was occurring on cysteines in the N-terminal region of Fyn, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the cysteines at positions 3 and 6 with alanine.	Alanine	177-184	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	86-89
18795358-5	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved active site Ala (Ala562 in AtLOX1, Ala 564 in tomato LOXA, and typically conserved as Ala in S-LOX and Gly in R-LOX), revealed that substitution with Gly led to the production of a mixture of 9S- and 13R-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids from linoleic acid.	Alanine	53-56	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-74
7966268-0	1994	Two lines of allosteric communication in the oligomeric chaperonin GroEL are revealed by the single mutation Arg196--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	121-124	chaperonin GroEL	Escherichia coli	56-72
7916209-2	1994	Rhodopsin mutants E113D and E113A were prepared in which the retinylidene Schiff base counterion, Glu113, was replaced by Asp and Ala, respectively.	Alanine	130-133	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	0-9
6165997-2	1981	beta 2-Microglobulin isolated from histocompatibility antigens of EL4.BU has alanine at this position, whereas that from C14 has aspartic acid.	Alanine	77-84	epilepsy 4	Mus musculus	66-69
18795358-5	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved active site Ala (Ala562 in AtLOX1, Ala 564 in tomato LOXA, and typically conserved as Ala in S-LOX and Gly in R-LOX), revealed that substitution with Gly led to the production of a mixture of 9S- and 13R-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids from linoleic acid.	Alanine	58-61	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-74
6160570-2	1980	We have verified that the latter two are the G gamma and A gamma globin chains which have respectively glycine or alanine at position 136.	Alanine	114-121	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	45-71
18795358-5	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved active site Ala (Ala562 in AtLOX1, Ala 564 in tomato LOXA, and typically conserved as Ala in S-LOX and Gly in R-LOX), revealed that substitution with Gly led to the production of a mixture of 9S- and 13R-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acids from linoleic acid.	Alanine	58-61	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-74
18840288-7	2008	Alanine mutagenesis revealed that the acidic patch of the third c-Myb repeat is essential for transcriptional activity, but neither for nuclear localization nor DNA-binding.	Alanine	0-7	MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	64-69
680628-1	1978	The effect of pharmacologically induced altered autonomic tone upon alanine stimulated insulin release was examined in adult norgrel dogs.	Alanine	68-75	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	87-94
7914194-4	1994	The predicted HB9 protein has a molecular mass of 41 kilodaltons and is enriched for alanine, glycine, and leucine.	Alanine	85-92	motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
18692132-0	2008	Impact of Tyr to Ala mutations on alpha-synuclein fibrillation and structural properties.	Alanine	17-20	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	34-49
8074188-2	1994	When A10 cells were incubated for 4 h in medium made hypertonic by addition of sucrose, there was a marked increase in Na(+)-dependent transport of alanine and proline but no change in Na(+)-dependent Pi uptake or Na(+)-independent uptake of leucine and inositol.	Alanine	148-155	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	5-8
7519625-5	1994	Mutation of the unique double leucines 489 and 490 in the rat GLUT4 COOH-terminal domain to alanines caused the HA-tagged chimera to revert to the slow endocytosis rate and steady-state cell surface display characteristic of GLUT1.	Alanine	92-100	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
680628-2	1978	In control studies, intravenous administration of alanine, 1 gm/kg body weight resulted in a mean rise in plasma insulin concentration from basal levels of 7.4 (+/- 2) MUU/ml to a maximum of 24.5 (+/- 6) muU/ml by 10 minutes after injection.	Alanine	50-57	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	113-120
667683-9	1978	Studies with Bz-MeGly-Lys and Bz-Ala-Lys showed that the former is very slowly hydrolyzed by CPB but that the latter is a good substrate with a high affinity for the enzyme, indicative of considerable participation of the Calpha-methyl group of alanine in the binding of the substrate to the enzyme.	Alanine	245-252	carboxypeptidase B1	Homo sapiens	93-96
8043603-7	1994	Characterization of the chimeric enzymes revealed that residues between residues 54-110 and 229-317, namely, Val-55 and/or Ala-81, and Arg-242 and/or Cys-264 of PRS I also contribute to the strong GDP inhibition.	Alanine	123-126	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
18692132-6	2008	Fibril formation of alpha-synuclein was completely inhibited, in the timescale over which measurements were made, by replacing the three C-terminal Tyr residues with Ala.	Alanine	166-169	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	20-35
18664521-6	2008	Comparison of the S2 site between rat and human cathepsin K sequences indicated that two S2 residues at Ser134 and Val160 in rat are varied to Ala and Leu, respectively, in the human enzyme.	Alanine	143-146	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	48-59
8026575-5	1994	We have measured the stability to denaturation of one of these non-inhibitor substrate mutants, antithrombin-Hamilton, which has an Ala--&gt;Thr change at position P12 in strand s4A.	Alanine	132-135	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	96-108
8026575-6	1994	We find that it undergoes the transformation to the more stable form which is observed for inhibitor serpins, from which we conclude that the Ala--&gt;Thr change in antithrombin-Hamilton does not prevent insertion of s4A into beta-sheet A in the cleaved form.	Alanine	142-145	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	165-177
7928380-0	1994	Hb Seattle [beta 70(E14)Ala- > Asp]: a report of a second kindred in a Ukrainian family.	Alanine	24-27	nuclear protein, coactivator of histone transcription	Homo sapiens	0-23
7513151-3	1994	The RhPII-1 cDNA had a single nucleotide substitution with one amino acid substitution compared with the RhPII cDNA:substitution C--&gt;T in nucleotide 380, changing codon 127 from GCG to GTG (Ala--&gt;Val).	Alanine	193-196	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	4-9
8131746-4	1994	In human MEK1, substitution of either serine residue 218 or 222 with alanine completely abolished its activation by epidermal growth factor-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cell lysates or immunoprecipitated c-raf, suggesting that both serine residues are required for MEK1 activation.	Alanine	69-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
1269837-3	1976	The present study was undertaken to determine whether insulin could affect gluconeogenesis from alanine in the intact dog and to compare the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	96-103	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	54-61
1269837-13	1976	This higher insulin concentration was associated with a marked suppression of both the NSGP (100 per cent) and the conversion of plasma alanine to glucose (90 per cent) but did not affect the extraction of alanine by the splanchnic bed.	Alanine	136-143	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	12-19
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	297-304	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	134-141
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	297-304	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	297-304	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	297-304	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	297-304	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	404-411	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	134-141
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	404-411	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	404-411	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	404-411	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1269837-16	1976	These data demonstrate that (1) glycogenolysis is more sensitive than gluconeogenesis to the inhibitory effect of small increments in insulin concentrations, (2) gluconeogenesis could be suppressed by insulin but only at higher insulin concentrations, (3) this suppression of gluconeogenesis from alanine by insulin was due to an intrahepatic effect rather than an effect on the splanchnic extraction of alanine, and finally, (4) that insulin can suppress glucagon in the absence of hyperglycemia.	Alanine	404-411	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	201-208
1245602-1	1976	We have assessed the capacity of an analogue of angiotensin II (A II), 1-Sar, 8-Ala A II (P113) in normal man to stimulate and block responses to A II in four systems: blood pressure was monitored directly from an arterial catheter, and renal blood flow was measured with 133Xe and arterial renin and aldosterone concentrations by radioimmunoassay.	Alanine	79-83	signal transducer and activator of transcription 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
4790764-0	1973	[Effect of alanine on tryptophan-3-C14 incorporation into rat liver proteins in in vitro and in vivo experiments].	Alanine	11-18	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
7509359-7	1994	Replacement of the threonine residue at position 8 (last amino acid encoded in exon 3 and a putative O-linked carbohydrate anchorage site) by an alanine, completely abrogated the reactivity of the UCHL1 mAb, but did not affect that of the A6 mAb.	Alanine	145-152	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	197-202
18653452-7	2008	(iv) The mutation of all four glutamates to alanine does debilitate Nef MHC-I downregulation, but this quadruple mutation also impairs the ability of Nef to regulate p21-activated protein kinase and enhance viral particle infectivity.	Alanine	44-51	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	166-169
8312277-1	1994	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of tissue factor, the initiating receptor and cofactor molecule for the coagulation pathways, was used to define residue side chains with functional contributions.	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	32-45
4659651-0	1972	Structural studies of alanine- and lysine-rich regions of porcine aortic tropoelastin.	Alanine	22-29	elastin	Homo sapiens	73-85
18643977-7	2008	An alanine scan through the recognition site peptide indicated that AtSBT1.1 is fairly specific for the AtPSK4 precursor.	Alanine	3-10	subtilase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-76
19024448-9	2008	Thus, altough the kinetics properties of HERG channels were complicated, the channels kinetics could be indirectly analyzed through differently designed pulse protocols, which provided the basis for investigation on Alanine-scanning mutagenesis and agent action.	Alanine	216-223	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
4509319-5	1972	The amino-terminal residue is serine, similar to the porcine parathyroid hormone; bovine parathyroid hormone contains an amino-terminal alanine.	Alanine	136-143	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	89-108
7937349-7	1994	Ala analogues of the Et isomeric disulfide arrangement (Cys1,11 and Cys3,15) were always less active than the corresponding analogues with the native disulfide pairings (Cys1,15 and Cys3,11).	Alanine	0-3	cystin 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
7937349-7	1994	Ala analogues of the Et isomeric disulfide arrangement (Cys1,11 and Cys3,15) were always less active than the corresponding analogues with the native disulfide pairings (Cys1,15 and Cys3,11).	Alanine	0-3	cystin 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
18660751-6	2008	The downregulation of PCSK9 affected the levels of the loss-of-acetylation mutants (BACE1(Ala) and BACE1(Arg)) but not those of the gain-of-acetylation mutant (BACE1(Gln)).	Alanine	90-93	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Mus musculus	22-27
7719709-4	1994	Two variation of the EAA5 cDNA were identified which result in amino acid substitutions in the predicted extracellular amino-terminal region; Ser310--&gt;Ala and Arg352--&gt;Gln.	Alanine	154-157	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
33883214-5	2021	Conditional vascular expression of the phosphorylation resistant Ser490 to Ala (S490A) form of occludin preserved tight junction organization and reduced VEGF-induced permeability and edema formation after intra-ocular injection.	Alanine	75-78	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	154-158
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
18523138-4	2008	Approximately 10% of clones contained a c.1489A&gt;G nucleotide substitution, yielding proteins with a residue 497 alanine (UGT2A3.2) instead of a threonine (UGT2A3.1).	Alanine	115-122	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3	Homo sapiens	124-130
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
7911611-7	1994	N-Peptidyl-O-acylhydroxylamines and boronic acid analogues of proline and alanine are two known DPP IV inhibitors.	Alanine	74-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
7902563-5	1993	This alanine-rich peptide was 47% identical to uroguanylin and 73% identical to human guanylin, suggesting that it may be an opossum homologue of guanylin.	Alanine	5-12	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	50-58
33566379-6	2021	We determine the cleavage site used by RHBDL2, which is located in the extracellular part of the receptor in close proximity to the plasma membrane, between Ala-370 and Ser-371.	Alanine	157-160	rhomboid like 2	Homo sapiens	39-45
33533119-6	2021	The two nonframeshifting indel mutations led to truncation or expansion of homopolymeric alanine (Poly-Ala) repeats of HOXD13 proteins.	Alanine	89-96	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	119-125
31914860-4	2021	In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the alanine scanning calculations by MM-GBSA_IE method were used to investigate the protein-peptide interaction between BIR3 and BIR2 domains of XIAP and SMAC peptide.	Alanine	59-66	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	200-204
31914860-5	2021	Energetic contribution of each binding residue is calculated and hotspots on both XIAP and SMAC were identified using computational alanine scanning with interaction entropy method.	Alanine	132-139	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	82-86
18369660-3	2008	Replacement of the serines in the PKB/SGK consensus sequences by alanine (gsk3 ( KI )) confers resistance of GSK3 to PKB/SGK.	Alanine	65-72	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	74-78
33002578-6	2021	In both wild type and Grhpr KO male and female mice, supplementation with 10% dietary L-alanine significantly decreased urinary oxalate excretion ~30% compared to baseline levels.	Alanine	86-95	glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase	Mus musculus	22-27
18369660-3	2008	Replacement of the serines in the PKB/SGK consensus sequences by alanine (gsk3 ( KI )) confers resistance of GSK3 to PKB/SGK.	Alanine	65-72	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	109-113
33039564-6	2020	The docking studies revealed that the ligands made strong interactions with the catalytic site residues TRP30, TYR 32, GLY 71, TRP 74, GLY 76, ALA 77 and GLU 136 of MmaA1 protein.	Alanine	143-146	mycolic acid methyltransferase MmaA1	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	165-170
18369660-3	2008	Replacement of the serines in the PKB/SGK consensus sequences by alanine (gsk3 ( KI )) confers resistance of GSK3 to PKB/SGK.	Alanine	65-72	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Mus musculus	121-124
18725535-6	2008	In cells, phosphorylation of only the Arp2 subunit increases in response to growth factors, and alanine substitutions of Arp2 T237 and T238 or Y202 inhibits membrane protrusion.	Alanine	96-103	actin related protein 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
32266677-10	2020	RESULTS: TBG gene sequencing results revealed that the proband had a novel mutation in codon 27 leading to alanine to valine substitution (p.A27V).	Alanine	107-114	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	9-12
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	6-9	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	118-140
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	6-9	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	40-43	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	118-140
33051185-2	2020	ProXp-ala prevents proteome-wide Pro-to-Ala mutations by hydrolyzing misacylated Ala-tRNAPro, which is synthesized by prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS).	Alanine	40-43	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	142-147
8106194-1	1993	Tritium-labeled growth hormone releasing peptide His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 was synthesized by tritium-halogen exchange on the precursor His-5,7-Br2-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2.	Alanine	59-62	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	16-48
7692370-3	1993	The sequence of the 1702 src cDNA, produced by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirmed the previously suggested 1702src N-terminal domain structure, fusing six amino acids from Pr76gag and 39 amino acids of env signal peptide sequence to Ala-76 of src.	Alanine	266-269	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	25-28
7692370-3	1993	The sequence of the 1702 src cDNA, produced by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confirmed the previously suggested 1702src N-terminal domain structure, fusing six amino acids from Pr76gag and 39 amino acids of env signal peptide sequence to Ala-76 of src.	Alanine	266-269	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	144-147
18534978-5	2008	Steady-state kinetic assays of these arginine to alanine TREX2 variants result in increased K(m) values for DNA substrate with no effect on k(cat) values indicating contributions exclusively to DNA binding by all three of the loop arginines.	Alanine	49-56	three prime repair exonuclease 2	Homo sapiens	57-62
8397073-3	1993	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of TNF-R1 confirmed that many of the amino acids conserved with Fas antigen are critical for the cytotoxic signal.	Alanine	0-7	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	32-38
8397073-3	1993	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of TNF-R1 confirmed that many of the amino acids conserved with Fas antigen are critical for the cytotoxic signal.	Alanine	0-7	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	93-104
32936634-0	2020	A Two-State Model Describes the Temperature-Dependent Conformational Equilibrium in the Alanine-Rich Domains in Elastin.	Alanine	88-95	elastin	Homo sapiens	112-119
32936634-5	2020	In this study, the conformational heterogeneity of alanines in native elastin"s CL domains is examined in the context of helix-coil transition theory (HCTT), using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy in tandem with strategic isotopic labeling.	Alanine	51-59	elastin	Homo sapiens	70-77
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	66-69	stathmin 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
33076233-0	2020	Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the DRYxxI Motif and Intracellular Loop 2 of Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor.	Alanine	0-7	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	83-106
8373184-3	1993	Using site-directed mutagenesis, the four conserved histidine residues of the six histidines in rat liver mitochondrial ALDH were converted to alanines.	Alanine	143-151	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
18549247-11	2008	Moreover, a dominant negative mutant of SCG10 (Cys 22,Cys 24--&gt;Ala 22,Ala 24) significantly blocked secretion of the transfected CHGA-EAP chimera.	Alanine	73-76	stathmin 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
18436626-5	2008	The mechanism of inhibition of ASCT1 (solute carrier, SLC1A4) by LTD4 is secondary to a decrease in the affinity of the cotransporter for alanine without a significant change in cotransporter numbers and is not secondary to an alteration in the Na+ extruding capacity of the cells.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
8376590-7	1993	The antithrombin III binding activity of endothelial cells decreased after preincubation with 1 mM homocysteine, cysteine, or 2-mercaptoethanol; no reduction in binding activity was observed after preincubation with the same concentration of methionine, alanine, or valine.	Alanine	254-261	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
8336738-2	1993	Charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of Cdc2 was used previously to localize cyclin A- and B- and Suc1-binding sites (B. Ducommun, P. Brambilla, and G. Draetta, Mol.	Alanine	11-18	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
32592804-3	2020	Here we identified the functional effects of tRF-3019a (derived from tRNA-Ala-AGC-1-1) in GC.	Alanine	74-77	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	78-83
32785353-3	2020	In the AnK peptide system (A = alanine, K = lysine), a structural transition from tubes to ribbons has been shown to occur upon an increase of the peptide length, n, from 6 to 8.	Alanine	31-38	ankyrin 1	Homo sapiens	7-10
18436626-5	2008	The mechanism of inhibition of ASCT1 (solute carrier, SLC1A4) by LTD4 is secondary to a decrease in the affinity of the cotransporter for alanine without a significant change in cotransporter numbers and is not secondary to an alteration in the Na+ extruding capacity of the cells.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
18373493-0	2008	The role of the diphthamide-containing loop within eukaryotic elongation factor 2 in ADP-ribosylation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. eEF2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2) contains a post-translationally modified histidine residue, known as diphthamide, which is the specific ADP-ribosylation target of diphtheria toxin, cholix toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted on residues within the diphthamide-containing loop (Leu693-Gly703) of eEF2 by replacement with alanine.	Alanine	514-521	elongation factor 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	62-81
32819598-8	2020	As(III)-induced reduction of the DNA-binding activity of the recombinant EVI1 was abolished by the mutations of each of three cysteine residues to alanine in the 7th Zn finger domain.	Alanine	147-154	MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus	Homo sapiens	73-77
32793900-6	2020	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed to predict changes in Gibbs free energy that are associated with mutating residues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface to alanine.	Alanine	14-21	transmembrane protein 11	Homo sapiens	165-168
32793900-6	2020	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed to predict changes in Gibbs free energy that are associated with mutating residues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface to alanine.	Alanine	213-220	transmembrane protein 11	Homo sapiens	165-168
8101099-2	1993	The amino-terminal alanine residue is acetylated, a modification that may be required for the interaction with heptameric chaperonin 60.	Alanine	19-26	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-135
18373493-0	2008	The role of the diphthamide-containing loop within eukaryotic elongation factor 2 in ADP-ribosylation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. eEF2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2) contains a post-translationally modified histidine residue, known as diphthamide, which is the specific ADP-ribosylation target of diphtheria toxin, cholix toxin and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Site-directed mutagenesis was conducted on residues within the diphthamide-containing loop (Leu693-Gly703) of eEF2 by replacement with alanine.	Alanine	514-521	elongation factor 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	157-176
8368516-4	1993	One substrate, Dnp-Pro-Cha-Gly-Cys(Me)-His-Ala-Lys-(Nma)-NH2, had favorable solubility characteristics, was &gt; 98% quenched, and produced a single cleavage product, Dnp-Pro-Cha-Gly, with a high fluorescence yield with both interstitial collagenase and 92-kDa gelatinase.	Alanine	43-46	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	225-249
32793900-6	2020	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed to predict changes in Gibbs free energy that are associated with mutating residues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface to alanine.	Alanine	213-220	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	169-173
18467496-8	2008	Combining information from the alanine, lysine, and glutamic acid scans has enabled us to identify Bim BH3 domain mutants containing only two or three sequence changes that bind very selectively either to Bcl-x(L) or Mcl-1.	Alanine	31-38	BCL2 like 11	Homo sapiens	99-102
32764419-4	2020	Therefore, we have designed an E2 protein in which we strategically changed eight cysteines to alanines (E2.C8A).	Alanine	95-103	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 B	Homo sapiens	31-41
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	27-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	235-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
7685348-11	1993	Sequence analyses reveal that F1-20 has an essentially neutral 30-kDa NH2-terminal domain with an amino acid composition typical of a globular structure and an acidic COOH-terminal domain rich in proline, serine, threonine, and alanine.	Alanine	228-235	synaptosomal-associated protein 91	Mus musculus	30-35
18318660-9	2008	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified Arg(6) of mupain-1 as the P1 residue and indicated an extended binding interaction including the P5, P3, P2, P1 and P1" residues of mupain-1 and the specificity pocket, the catalytic triad and amino acids 41, 99 and 192 located in and around the active site of murine uPA.	Alanine	0-7	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Mus musculus	308-311
32436653-5	2020	METHODS AND RESULTS: Non-conserved amino acids within the beta1 ECII loop (compared with the amino acids constituting the ECII loop of the beta2 -adrenoceptor) were one by one replaced with alanine; potential intra-loop disulfide bridges were probed by cysteine-serine exchanges.	Alanine	190-197	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	139-158
18322662-2	2008	Sequencing of the FLNB gene resulted in identification of a novel, de novo 508G>C point mutation resulting in substitution of proline for a highly conserved alanine (A170P).	Alanine	157-164	filamin B	Homo sapiens	18-22
32496219-7	2020	A large 30-amino-acid glycine- and alanine-rich central loop, which is unique to mammalian PATZ1 amongst all ZBTB proteins, could not be resolved, probably owing to its flexibility.	Alanine	35-42	POZ/BTB and AT hook containing zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
8386319-9	1993	Mutation of the presumptive phosphorylated tyrosine and threonine residues of Mpk1p individually to phenylalanine and alanine, respectively, severely impaired Mpk1p function.	Alanine	106-113	mitogen-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase SLT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	78-83
8386319-9	1993	Mutation of the presumptive phosphorylated tyrosine and threonine residues of Mpk1p individually to phenylalanine and alanine, respectively, severely impaired Mpk1p function.	Alanine	106-113	mitogen-activated serine/threonine-protein kinase SLT2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	159-164
18477133-3	2008	We investigated the expression of thioredoxin following ALA-PDT in human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-5.	Alanine	56-59	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	34-45
8385131-11	1993	Metabolic labeling of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells expressing wild-type (Cys-442) or mutant (Ala-442) alpha 2AARs with [3H]palmitic acid indicated that only wild-type Cys-442-containing receptors incorporated [3H]palmitate, monitored following isolation of the alpha 2AAR detergent extracts using yohimbine-agarose chromatography.	Alanine	96-99	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Canis lupus familiaris	105-115
32347002-0	2020	Synaptic dysfunction induced by glycine-alanine dipeptides in C9orf72-ALS/FTD is rescued by SV2 replenishment.	Alanine	40-47	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	92-95
31948748-5	2020	The ABCB5/STAT1 high-expressing clones showed higher cellular levels of Ala, Glu, and Asp and lower cellular levels of Phe, Trp, Leu, Ile, Gly, Met, Tyr, Val, and His compared to the ABCB5/STAT1 low-expressing clones.	Alanine	72-75	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
8456286-4	1993	Analysis of serine-to-alanine mutations in PU.1 indicated that serine 148 (Ser148) is required for protein-protein interaction.	Alanine	22-29	Spi-1 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	43-47
18477133-4	2008	METHODS: ALA-PDT was performed in HSC-5 cells using low-dose (5 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)) or high-dose (30 J/cm(2), 100 mW/cm(2)) irradiation, and the expression of thioredoxin was measured by Western blotting.	Alanine	9-12	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	162-173
32019829-5	2020	Mutation of Shank3 residues R949RK951 to alanine disrupts CaMKII binding in vitro and CaMKII association with Shank3 in heterologous cells.	Alanine	41-48	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	58-64
18477133-8	2008	RESULTS: Expression of thioredoxin was only observed following low-dose exposure ALA-PDT.	Alanine	81-84	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	23-34
18477133-10	2008	With high-dose exposure ALA-PDT, caspase-3 and PARP expression were seen, and cell death due to apoptosis and/or necrosis was observed, but thioredoxin was barely detected.	Alanine	24-27	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	140-151
18477133-11	2008	CONCLUSION: Low-dose exposure ALA-PDT increased the expression of thioredoxin and facilitated the growth of HSC-5 cells.	Alanine	30-33	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	66-77
31985200-3	2020	In this study, we employed alanine scanning mutagenesis to investigate substrate recognition of KDM5A and identify the H3 tail residues necessary for KDM5A-catalyzed demethylation.	Alanine	27-34	lysine demethylase 5A	Homo sapiens	96-101
8382976-11	1993	Cdc7 protein carrying a serine to alanine change in the consensus recognition site for Cdc28 kinase shows an altered phosphopeptide map, suggesting that this site is important in determining the overall Cdc7 phosphorylation pattern.	Alanine	34-41	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase CDC28	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-92
31985200-3	2020	In this study, we employed alanine scanning mutagenesis to investigate substrate recognition of KDM5A and identify the H3 tail residues necessary for KDM5A-catalyzed demethylation.	Alanine	27-34	lysine demethylase 5A	Homo sapiens	150-155
18406354-0	2008	Monitoring fibril formation of the N-terminal domain of PABPN1 carrying an alanine repeat by tryptophan fluorescence and real-time NMR.	Alanine	75-82	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
31880982-5	2020	We found that substituting alanine (A) for valine (V) and phenylalanine (F) at p28 positions 181 and 182, respectively, modestly compromised SIE in transiently expressed p28 derivatives.	Alanine	27-34	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
8380576-2	1993	In the present study, the single-site hEGF mutants Tyr13--&gt;His, Tyr22--&gt;Asp, Ile23--&gt;Thr, and Leu26--&gt;Gly were genetically combined with the Leu47--&gt;Ala hEGF mutant to produce a series of double-site mutant hEGF gene products having alterations simultaneously at two sites, in separate domains, within the same hEGF molecule.	Alanine	164-167	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	38-42
31880982-5	2020	We found that substituting alanine (A) for valine (V) and phenylalanine (F) at p28 positions 181 and 182, respectively, modestly compromised SIE in transiently expressed p28 derivatives.	Alanine	27-34	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1	Homo sapiens	170-173
18339330-9	2008	Ala-substitutions of Arg190-Arg196 led to the loss of interaction between Hoxc9-HD and Smad4-MH1 in both GST-pull down assay and SPR analysis; further provided functional evidence for the critical role of this positive-charged region in binding to Smad4-MH1.	Alanine	0-3	homeobox C9	Homo sapiens	74-79
8380576-4	1993	Finally, combination of the hEGF mutation Ile23--&gt;Ala with Leu23--&gt;Ala altered two side chains located in close proximity within the large beta-sheet region of the molecule.	Alanine	53-56	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	28-32
18367172-4	2008	Large tracts of more than 24 alanines result in the nuclear accumulation of PABPN1 in SFRS2-positive functional speckles and a significant decline in cell survival.	Alanine	29-37	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	76-82
18321994-3	2008	Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4-5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22 degrees C. Surprisingly, the loss of function mcm4-5A mutation confers cold and hydroxyurea sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation.	Alanine	12-19	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
1420172-5	1992	We now report the importance of these two residues in the structure and function of PLA2 in terms of aromaticity (changing to Ile) and hydrophobic (changing to Ala) and hydrophilic (changing to Tyr) character of these residues.	Alanine	160-163	LOC104974671	Bos taurus	84-88
31778725-6	2020	Conversely, the red stingray (sr) MC2R activation was blocked by both the H6F7R8W9 and K15K16R17R18P19 alanine-substituted analogs.	Alanine	103-110	adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor	Lepisosteus oculatus	34-38
31936855-6	2020	This PKC- and PIP2-mediated gating mechanism is regulated by the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase (MARCKS) and is coupled to store depletion by TRPC1-STIM1 interactions which induce Gq/PLCbeta1 activity.	Alanine	100-107	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	168-173
18321994-3	2008	Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4-5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22 degrees C. Surprisingly, the loss of function mcm4-5A mutation confers cold and hydroxyurea sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation.	Alanine	12-19	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	179-183
18321994-3	2008	Mutation to alanine of these five sites (mcm4-5A) abolishes phosphorylation and decreases replication origin firing efficiency at 22 degrees C. Surprisingly, the loss of function mcm4-5A mutation confers cold and hydroxyurea sensitivity to DDK gain of function conditions (mcm5/bob1 mutation or DDK overexpression), implying that phosphorylation of Mcm4 by CDK somehow counteracts negative effects produced by ectopic DDK activation.	Alanine	12-19	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	349-353
31870337-9	2019	RESULTS: Our results showed the mutation of 24-base pair duplication (c.183_206dupAGCGGCGGCTGCGGCGGCGGCGGC) in exon one of HOXD13 in heterozygous form which was predicted to result in eight extra alanine (A) residues in N-terminal domain of HOXD13 protein.	Alanine	196-203	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	123-129
1360777-6	1992	A valine/alanine polymorphism within the PrP coding region that resulted in a BspHI site was further used to determine the genotype of these Cheviot sheep.	Alanine	9-16	major prion protein	Ovis aries	41-44
18346031-2	2008	The novel allele differs from HLA-B*5501 by a single nucleotide substitution at codon 479 in exon 3 resulting in an amino acid change from alanine to valine.	Alanine	139-146	major histocompatibility complex, class I, B	Homo sapiens	30-35
1323207-4	1992	An A----G base substitution at nt 11084, leading to a Thr-to-Ala amino acid replacement in the ND4 subunit of the respiratory complex I, is suggested to be a disease-related mutation.	Alanine	61-64	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4	Homo sapiens	95-98
31870337-9	2019	RESULTS: Our results showed the mutation of 24-base pair duplication (c.183_206dupAGCGGCGGCTGCGGCGGCGGCGGC) in exon one of HOXD13 in heterozygous form which was predicted to result in eight extra alanine (A) residues in N-terminal domain of HOXD13 protein.	Alanine	196-203	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	241-247
31806759-6	2019	The signaling pathway linking 5-HT2AR activation and normalization of KCC2 function was dependent on protein kinase C signaling and phosphorylation of KCC2 at serine 940 (S940), as mutation of S940 to alanine prevented restoration of chloride transport function by TCB-2.	Alanine	201-208	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-74
31806759-6	2019	The signaling pathway linking 5-HT2AR activation and normalization of KCC2 function was dependent on protein kinase C signaling and phosphorylation of KCC2 at serine 940 (S940), as mutation of S940 to alanine prevented restoration of chloride transport function by TCB-2.	Alanine	201-208	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	151-155
18342887-4	2008	A series of alanine-substituted variants was generated using a recently published X-ray structure of the unliganded form of the ovine BMPR-II ECD as a guide.	Alanine	12-19	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2	Homo sapiens	134-141
31419538-10	2019	The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism pathway was observed as the common key pathway in the 15-day SF groups.	Alanine	4-11	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-112
18342887-6	2008	The results showed that alanine substitutions of conserved residues W85 and Y113 within the hydrophobic patch of the ECD differentially perturbed BMP ligand binding without disrupting receptor folding, suggesting that they are critical determinants for ligand binding and ligand specificity.	Alanine	24-31	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-149
1358191-1	1992	A panel of 15 single alanine substitutions on the floor of the peptide binding groove of the murine class I histocompatibility molecule H-2Kd has been analyzed.	Alanine	21-28	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	136-141
18227067-3	2008	We demonstrate that mutation of any of these charged amino acids in KCa3.1 or KCa2.3 to alanine, glutamine, or charge reversal mutations results in a rapid degradation (&lt;30 min) of total protein, confirming the critical role of these amino acids in channel biogenesis.	Alanine	88-95	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3	Homo sapiens	78-84
18210381-4	2008	LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine resulted in significantly decreased affinity of system L in b.End3 cells treated with ACM, while LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-alanine remained unchanged.	Alanine	203-212	linker for activation of T cells family, member 2	Mus musculus	0-4
1612770-2	1992	Data on partial characterization of GP110 suggest that it is a glycoprotein which is enriched in Lys, Glu, His, Leu, and Ala residues.	Alanine	121-124	ADRM1 26S proteasome ubiquitin receptor	Homo sapiens	36-41
1607649-3	1992	We previously reported that alterations in the H chain V regions can affect the binding of first component of C (C1q) and a major breakdown product of the third C component (C3b) when otherwise identical antibodies were bound to immobilized (Tyr, Glu)-Ala-Lys.	Alanine	252-255	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	113-116
31377397-8	2019	Replacement of F28 with other aromatic residues like tyrosine and tryptophan preserves protein stability while replacement with non-aromatic amino acids like leucine, isoleucine, valine or alanine severely affects the stability of SHIP1.	Alanine	189-196	inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D	Homo sapiens	231-236
18210381-4	2008	LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine resulted in significantly decreased affinity of system L in b.End3 cells treated with ACM, while LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-alanine remained unchanged.	Alanine	203-212	solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2	Mus musculus	5-10
1377775-5	1992	In contrast, the cdc2 double mutant Ala-14/Phe-15 did induce GVBD.	Alanine	36-39	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	17-21
1377775-6	1992	Both the Ala-14 and Ala-14/Phe-15p34cdc2 mutants were shown to coimmunoprecipitate cyclin B1 and to phosphorylate histone H1 in immune complex kinase assays.	Alanine	20-23	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-40
18210381-4	2008	LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine resulted in significantly decreased affinity of system L in b.End3 cells treated with ACM, while LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-alanine remained unchanged.	Alanine	203-212	linker for activation of T cells family, member 2	Mus musculus	165-169
18210381-4	2008	LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-phenylalanine and L-leucine resulted in significantly decreased affinity of system L in b.End3 cells treated with ACM, while LAT2/4F2hc mediated luminal uptake of L-alanine remained unchanged.	Alanine	203-212	solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2	Mus musculus	170-175
1377775-13	1992	In addition, these results suggest a regulatory role for mosXe in induction of oocyte maturation by the cdc2 mutant Ala-14/Phe-15.	Alanine	116-119	MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	57-62
18160429-5	2008	Vpr-induced nuclear exclusion of Cdc25 appears to depend on the serine/threonine phosphorylation of Cdc25 and the presence of Rad24/14-3-3 protein, since amino acid substitutions of the nine possible phosphorylation sites of Cdc25 with Ala (9A) or deletion of the rad24 gene abolished nuclear exclusion induced by Vpr.	Alanine	236-239	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	33-38
1377775-13	1992	In addition, these results suggest a regulatory role for mosXe in induction of oocyte maturation by the cdc2 mutant Ala-14/Phe-15.	Alanine	116-119	cyclin-dependent kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	104-108
18174155-5	2008	Single amino acid substitutions of Ile-719 and Glu-749 in the beta3 membrane-proximal and -distal regions, respectively, with the corresponding beta1 residues or alanine rendered alphaIIbbeta3 constitutively active.	Alanine	162-169	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	62-67
1376108-2	1992	The PEM core protein consists of variable numbers of a tandem repeat sequence which contains a short antigenic hydrophilic region (Pro1-Asp-Thr-Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro7).	Alanine	152-155	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	131-135
20641469-6	2004	For instance, C3 peptide, which contains a sequence of 11 amino acids (Ala-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Lys-Arg-Asn-Ile-Lys-Ala (ASKKPKRNIKA)), is an NCAM IgI ligand selected from a combinatorial library of synthetic peptides (4).	Alanine	71-74	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
1550220-4	1992	Both IL-1 and TNF enhanced the uptake of alanine, uptake of lactate, and output of glucose by the liver.	Alanine	41-48	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	14-17
20641469-6	2004	For instance, C3 peptide, which contains a sequence of 11 amino acids (Ala-Ser-Lys-Lys-Pro-Lys-Arg-Asn-Ile-Lys-Ala (ASKKPKRNIKA)), is an NCAM IgI ligand selected from a combinatorial library of synthetic peptides (4).	Alanine	111-114	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
1558877-2	1992	The C-terminal and the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the low-molecular-mass protein A were -Asn-Ala-Phe and Ala-Gln-His-Asp-Glu-Ala-Gln-, respectively.	Alanine	101-104	G protein-coupled receptor 162	Gallus gallus	81-90
18070921-6	2008	Yap5 contains two cysteine-rich domains, and the mutation of the cysteines to alanines in each of the domains affects the transcription of CCC1 but not DNA binding.	Alanine	78-86	Yap5p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
1730690-1	1992	Ras and Rap1 proteins are related GTP-dependent signal transducers which require Gly-12, the effector domain (residues 32-40), and Ala-59 for stimulation of their GTPase activities by GAP1 and GAP3, respectively.	Alanine	131-134	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	8-12
18197253-9	2008	Directed mutagenesis of Ser(232) to a non-phosphorylable amino acid such as Ala (StAR S232A) inhibited in vitro StAR phosphorylation by active ERK1/2.	Alanine	76-79	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	81-85
18197253-9	2008	Directed mutagenesis of Ser(232) to a non-phosphorylable amino acid such as Ala (StAR S232A) inhibited in vitro StAR phosphorylation by active ERK1/2.	Alanine	76-79	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	112-116
19088442-0	2008	A highly conserved alanine in the S6 domain of the hERG1 K+ channel is required for normal gating.	Alanine	19-26	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
1552831-1	1992	The synthetic hexapeptide, His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (GHRP, Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide), has no structural similarities with any of the GH-releasing peptides known and its action in releasing GH is by a complementary but yet not clearly defined action on the pituitary as well as hypothalamus.	Alanine	37-40	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	60-64
18077464-2	2008	To investigate the function of GABA metabolism under hypoxia and its contribution to alanine accumulation, we studied the genes that encode the two key enzymes of the GABA shunt, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA transaminase (GABA-T).	Alanine	85-92	glutamate decarboxylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-207
1651276-3	1991	Here we show that back mutation of this chimeric protein (with the corresponding residues in MyoD) re-establishes activation, and we identify a specific alanine involved in increasing DNA binding and a specific threonine required for activation.	Alanine	153-160	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	93-97
1931558-4	1991	All of the CSF samples showed peaks for lactate, L-alanine, acetate, glutamine, citrate, creatine/creatinine and sugar resonances.	Alanine	49-58	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
18077464-12	2008	The levels of alanine under hypoxic conditions were also affected in the roots of gad1 and gaba-t1 mutants.	Alanine	14-21	glutamate decarboxylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-86
19065266-5	2008	Alanine substitutions at serines-305/307/309 or serines-426/430 attenuated CK2-mediated CD98 phosphorylation, suggesting that these residues are the dominant phosphorylation sites for CK2.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
1742357-5	1991	These results show that the structures of the two domains containing diphtamide 715 and the phosphorylatable threonines (between Ala 51 and Arg 60) are interdependent; modifications of these residues induce different conformational changes of EF-2 which alter the interactions of the factor with guanylic nucleotides as well with ribosomes.	Alanine	129-132	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	243-247
1906066-6	1991	Partial secretion of PrtM into the culture medium was observed after Cys-24, the target residue for lipid modification, was replaced by an Ala residue by means of site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	139-142	prtM	Lactococcus lactis	21-25
18289107-3	2008	Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is a peroxisomal pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme which catalyzes the transamination of alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine.	Alanine	143-150	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-35
18289107-3	2008	Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT) is a peroxisomal pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme which catalyzes the transamination of alanine and glyoxylate to pyruvate and glycine.	Alanine	143-150	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	37-40
18052377-7	2007	The C-terminal helices thereby assume a conformation very similar to that of astressin bound to the ECD1 of CRF-R2 recently reported by our group.1 On the basis of an analysis of the observed 3D structures and relative potencies of [Ala]-substituted analogues, it is proposed that both helices could play a crucial role in receptor binding and selectivity.	Alanine	233-236	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Homo sapiens	108-114
1837452-1	1991	Histidine-containing peptides SHLRKV and DHTLIR, corresponding to placental anticoagulant protein-I (PAP-I) residues 204-209 and 266-271, respectively, are included in the functional site of PAP-I and exhibit anticoagulant activity, but the peptides in which alanine is substituted for histidine do not.	Alanine	259-266	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	66-99
1837452-1	1991	Histidine-containing peptides SHLRKV and DHTLIR, corresponding to placental anticoagulant protein-I (PAP-I) residues 204-209 and 266-271, respectively, are included in the functional site of PAP-I and exhibit anticoagulant activity, but the peptides in which alanine is substituted for histidine do not.	Alanine	259-266	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	101-106
18076570-5	2007	The Motif-1 3(10) helix present in the FERM-ICAM-2 complex is absent in PSGL-1 given the absence of a critical Motif-1 alanine residue, and PSGL-1 reduces its contact area with subdomain C. Non-conserved positions are occupied by large residues Met9 and His8, which stabilize peptide conformation and enhance groove binding.	Alanine	119-126	intercellular adhesion molecule 2	Homo sapiens	44-50
1837452-1	1991	Histidine-containing peptides SHLRKV and DHTLIR, corresponding to placental anticoagulant protein-I (PAP-I) residues 204-209 and 266-271, respectively, are included in the functional site of PAP-I and exhibit anticoagulant activity, but the peptides in which alanine is substituted for histidine do not.	Alanine	259-266	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	191-196
18076570-5	2007	The Motif-1 3(10) helix present in the FERM-ICAM-2 complex is absent in PSGL-1 given the absence of a critical Motif-1 alanine residue, and PSGL-1 reduces its contact area with subdomain C. Non-conserved positions are occupied by large residues Met9 and His8, which stabilize peptide conformation and enhance groove binding.	Alanine	119-126	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	140-146
1850997-2	1991	Sequential analysis of the purified phosphopeptides demonstrated that the sites are -Thr-Arg-Thr-Tyr-Ser(PO4)38-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ala- and -Val-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ser(PO4)82-Val-Asp-, which are located within the amino-terminal head domain of vimentin.	Alanine	124-127	vimentin	Homo sapiens	238-246
17785468-5	2007	Serine to alanine mutations at the two PKA phosphorylation sites of HSL (659 and 660), or at the AMPK phosphorylation sites (565), blocked FRET between HSL and AFABP/aP2.	Alanine	10-17	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	160-165
1897928-10	1991	However, in contrast to ATH isolated from chicken thymus tissue, the N-terminal alanine of recombinant ATH is unacetylated.	Alanine	80-87	oncomodulin 3	Gallus gallus	103-106
17785468-5	2007	Serine to alanine mutations at the two PKA phosphorylation sites of HSL (659 and 660), or at the AMPK phosphorylation sites (565), blocked FRET between HSL and AFABP/aP2.	Alanine	10-17	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	166-169
17950490-3	2007	The C-terminal conformation of [Nle(15)] gastrin-17 contained a short alpha-helix spanning the Ala(11)-Trp(14) sequence and an inverse gamma-turn centered on Nle(15) while that of [Tyr(9)-SO(3)] cholecystokinin-15 contained a short 3(10) helix spanning its Met(10) to Met(13) sequence and an inverse gamma-turn centered on Asp(14).	Alanine	95-98	gastrin	Homo sapiens	41-48
1898726-1	1991	Serine 127 of human NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase was replaced by proline and alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	77-84	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	25-38
17962403-4	2007	We report a detailed structural and functional analysis of the PDZ domains of human HtrA1 and HtrA3 using peptide libraries and affinity assays to define specificity, structural studies to view the molecular details of ligand recognition, and alanine scanning mutagenesis to investigate the energetic contributions of individual residues to ligand binding.	Alanine	243-250	HtrA serine peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
1859433-0	1991	Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from maize leaves by nitrate and alanine.	Alanine	79-86	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	14-45
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
1859433-1	1991	Nitrate and alanine were found to stimulate partially purified maize leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase under specific assay conditions.	Alanine	12-19	MLO-like protein 4	Zea mays	74-105
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
17669364-6	2007	Moreover, the effect of ATM on IKKbeta activity was completely abolished by substitution of Cys-179 residue of IKKbeta to Ala residue, indicating direct targeting site of ATM.	Alanine	122-125	inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta	Mus musculus	31-38
2174257-0	1990	Electrochemical, kinetic, and circular dichroic consequences of mutations at position 82 of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. Replacement of Phe-82 in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c with Tyr, Leu, Ile, Ser, Ala, and Gly produces a gradation of effects on (1) the reduction potential of the protein, (2) the rate of reaction with Fe(EDTA)2-, and (3) the CD spectra of the ferricytochromes in the Soret region under conditions where contributions from the alkaline forms of these proteins are absent.	Alanine	193-196	threonine ammonia-lyase ILV1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-154
17669364-6	2007	Moreover, the effect of ATM on IKKbeta activity was completely abolished by substitution of Cys-179 residue of IKKbeta to Ala residue, indicating direct targeting site of ATM.	Alanine	122-125	inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta	Mus musculus	111-118
2279848-1	1990	The GTP-binding p21 protein, encoded by the ras-oncogene, becomes transforming if amino acid substitutions are made at critical positions in the polypeptide chain, e.g., at Gly 12, Gly 13, Ala 59, Gln 61 and Glu 63.	Alanine	189-192	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	16-19
17718519-8	2007	A distinct pocket (S1") near the active site likely achieves the correct register for the cleavage site by only allowing Ala as the P1" residue for both SNAP-25 and syntaxin.	Alanine	121-124	synaptosome associated protein 25	Homo sapiens	153-160
2157209-4	1990	Since the formation of a thioester adduct between E2 and ubiquitin is necessary for E2 activity, the single cysteine residue (Cys-88) present in RAD6 was changed to alanine or valine.	Alanine	165-172	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	145-149
16945373-1	2007	The threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene, when compared to the wild type, is associated with dyslipidemia.	Alanine	24-31	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	67-93
2157209-6	1990	We show that the rad6 Ala-88 and rad6 Val-88 mutant proteins lack the capacity for thioester formation with ubiquitin and, as a consequence, are totally devoid of any E2 activity.	Alanine	22-25	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-21
2157209-7	1990	The rad6 Ala-88 and rad6 Val-88 mutations confer a defect in DNA repair, mutagenesis, and sporulation equivalent to that in the rad6 null allele.	Alanine	9-12	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein RAD6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
31371045-7	2019	RESULT(S): Women with genotype Ala/Ala at FSHR position 307 had higher basal levels of FSH and were more likely to have a low ovarian response compared with other genotypes.	Alanine	31-34	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
31371045-7	2019	RESULT(S): Women with genotype Ala/Ala at FSHR position 307 had higher basal levels of FSH and were more likely to have a low ovarian response compared with other genotypes.	Alanine	35-38	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
16945373-1	2007	The threonine (Thr) for alanine (Ala) codon 54 polymorphism of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 2 gene, when compared to the wild type, is associated with dyslipidemia.	Alanine	33-36	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	67-93
1690736-5	1990	By analyzing a CNBr fragment of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex that reacts with the antibody we localized the epitope for the antibody to a strongly hydrophobic residue 382-386 peptide segment, Ala-Ala-Ala-Ser-Thr, of the inhibitor, which is also contiguous with a hydrophobic amino acid Ala at its carboxyl terminus.	Alanine	201-204	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	45-61
17581992-3	2007	Results from alanine-scanning mutagenesis of hydrophobic residues in the N terminus of VP5 revealed seven residues (I27, L35, F39, L58, L65, L67, and L71) that reside in two predicted alpha helices (helix 1(22-42) and helix 2(58-72)) that are important for this bimolecular interaction.	Alanine	13-20	ribosomal protein L35	Homo sapiens	121-124
33805441-2	2021	It is caused by the abnormal expansion of the alanine-encoding (GCN)n trinucleotide repeat in the exon 1 of the polyadenosine (poly[A]) binding protein nuclear 1 gene (11-18 repeats in OPMD instead of the normal 10 repeats).	Alanine	46-53	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	127-161
31832575-6	2019	The expression of Bmal1 was significantly correlated with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes and reduced Bmal1 was associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels and progression of liver fibrosis in CHC.	Alanine	169-176	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like	Homo sapiens	127-132
17662724-5	2007	We demonstrate by cell imaging that mutation of S263 to alanine leads to a nuclear accumulation of CDC25C that is further reinforced by leptomycin-B.	Alanine	56-63	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	99-105
31142108-0	2019	Computational Protocol to Evaluate Side-Chain Vicinal Spin-Spin Coupling Constants and Karplus Equation in Amino Acids: Alanine Dipeptide Model.	Alanine	120-127	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
31142108-0	2019	Computational Protocol to Evaluate Side-Chain Vicinal Spin-Spin Coupling Constants and Karplus Equation in Amino Acids: Alanine Dipeptide Model.	Alanine	120-127	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
31142108-1	2019	A computational protocol has been applied to the alanine dipeptide model in order to study the side-chain conformation, the calculated spin-spin coupling constants involved in the side-chain chi1 angle, and theoretical extended Karplus equations developed for amino acids.	Alanine	49-56	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
31142108-1	2019	A computational protocol has been applied to the alanine dipeptide model in order to study the side-chain conformation, the calculated spin-spin coupling constants involved in the side-chain chi1 angle, and theoretical extended Karplus equations developed for amino acids.	Alanine	49-56	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
34890456-8	2021	Expressions of the ethanolic fermentation transcript Alcohol Dehydrogenase1 and the core hypoxia-induced transcript Alanine Aminotransferase1 are elevated in nip2;1, and expression of the Glycolate Oxidase3 transcript is reduced, suggesting NIP2;1 lactic acid efflux regulates other pyruvate and lactate metabolism pathways.	Alanine	116-123	NEP-interacting protein 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	158-162
34890456-8	2021	Expressions of the ethanolic fermentation transcript Alcohol Dehydrogenase1 and the core hypoxia-induced transcript Alanine Aminotransferase1 are elevated in nip2;1, and expression of the Glycolate Oxidase3 transcript is reduced, suggesting NIP2;1 lactic acid efflux regulates other pyruvate and lactate metabolism pathways.	Alanine	116-123	NEP-interacting protein 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	241-245
34536608-8	2021	The expression of SREBP-1 after ALA-PDT was evaluated by qRT-PCR.	Alanine	32-35	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-25
34536608-9	2021	Regulation of ALA-PDT on AMPK/SREBP-1 was evaluated by western blot.	Alanine	14-17	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-37
31235832-7	2019	Next, Ala-scanning of the five Asp residues preceding the activation site Lys revealed that mutation D22A accelerated CTSB-mediated activation by 2-fold.	Alanine	6-9	cathepsin B	Mus musculus	118-122
17705854-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Tumors expressing a transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor (T beta RI) mutant with sequence deletions in a nine-alanine (9A) stretch of the signal peptide are reported to be highly associated with disease progression.	Alanine	133-140	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	81-90
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	81-84	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	45-48
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	81-84	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	73-76
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	81-84	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	133-137
34536608-11	2021	In addition, ALA-PDT could inhibit the expression of SREBP-1 in vitro.	Alanine	13-16	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-60
34536608-12	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT activated AMPK pathway, down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	19-22	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	85-92
34536608-12	2021	We also found that ALA-PDT activated AMPK pathway, down-regulating the expression of SREBP-1 in sebocytes after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	112-115	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	85-92
17595115-3	2007	When the P4 or P2 position was mutated to alanine, PAR1-L38A or PAR1-P40A, respectively, the Km was unchanged, 29 or 23 microM, respectively; however, the kcat and kcat/Km were reduced in each case.	Alanine	42-49	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	9-17
34536608-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: These findings elucidate that ALA-PDT suppresses lipid secretion through AMPK/SREBP-1 pathway in treatment of acne vulgaris.	Alanine	43-46	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	91-98
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	85-88	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	45-48
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	85-88	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	73-76
31226791-10	2019	The resultant analog sequence Ac-Leu-Thr-Phe-Aib-Glu-Tyr-Trp-Gln-Leu-Cba-Aib-Ser-Ala-Ala-NH2 exhibited high-affinity target binding (Mdm2 Kd = 43 nM) and significant alpha-helicity in circular dichroism studies.	Alanine	85-88	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	133-137
17525160-7	2007	Expression of amino-terminal truncations and alanine substitution mutants of hCTR1 in HEK293 and MDCK cells localized the site of O-linked glycosylation to Thr-27.	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 31 member 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
31036554-4	2019	Mutation of both knob residues to alanine disrupted keratin 1B tetramer and full-length filament assembly.	Alanine	34-41	keratin 77	Homo sapiens	52-62
34516042-2	2021	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of PSS1 has revealed eight amino acid residues as those crucial for its activity and six as those important for its regulation.	Alanine	0-7	phosphatidylserine synthase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
17493940-5	2007	The amino acid residues responsible for Smad6 sensitivity of ALK-3 were identified as Arg-238, Phe-264, Thr-265, and Ala-269, which map to the N-terminal lobe of the ALK-3 kinase domain.	Alanine	117-120	SMAD family member 6	Homo sapiens	40-45
34660952-5	2021	Therefore, we generated a series of human TOP2A mutants where we changed specific Ser and Thr residues in the C-terminal domain to Ala, Gly, or Ile residues.	Alanine	131-134	DNA topoisomerase II alpha	Homo sapiens	42-47
34369509-2	2021	To clarify the structural basis of selective inhibition towards HDAC2 over HDAC8, we utilized multiple in silico strategies, including sequence alignment, structural comparison, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, free energy calculations, alanine scanning mutagenesis, pharmacophore modeling, protein contacts atlas analysis and QM/MM calculations to study the binding patterns of HDAC2/8 selective inhibitors.	Alanine	255-262	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	75-80
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	149-156	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	149-156	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	149-156	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	166-174
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	158-161	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	158-161	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
30590628-1	2019	CONTEXT: Autoimmune endocrinopathies result from environmental triggers on the genetic background of risk alleles, especially HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with alanine (Ala) in HLA-DQB1 position 57 (Ala57), whereas amino acid Asp57 is protective.	Alanine	158-161	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	166-174
30590628-6	2019	Heterozygous HLA-DQB1 57 Ala/non-Ala was increased in women with isolated AD and polyglandular AD/AIT (both OR 1.7, Pc= 0.02) whereas the same amino acid variant was overrepresented in men with T1D compared with women (OR 1.6, Pc = 0.004).	Alanine	25-28	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-21
30590628-6	2019	Heterozygous HLA-DQB1 57 Ala/non-Ala was increased in women with isolated AD and polyglandular AD/AIT (both OR 1.7, Pc= 0.02) whereas the same amino acid variant was overrepresented in men with T1D compared with women (OR 1.6, Pc = 0.004).	Alanine	33-36	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	13-21
34414364-6	2021	tmc-1 is expressed in the high-threshold mechanosensory neuron, ALA.	Alanine	64-67	Transmembrane channel-like protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
17473281-6	2007	Replacement of these residues with alanine caused reduced [(125)I]INSL3 binding, and a specific peptide/receptor interaction point was revealed using competition binding assays with mutant INSL3 peptides.	Alanine	35-42	insulin like 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
34414364-7	2021	We show that tmc-1 mutants show defects in the ALA-dependent inhibition of egg-laying in response to a harsh mechanical stimulus.	Alanine	47-50	Transmembrane channel-like protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	13-18
31053903-8	2019	Site-specific mutagenesis showed that the replacement of Asp166, Asp293, and Asp312 of AUX1 to alanine deteriorated the K+-stimulated auxin transport.	Alanine	95-102	Swa2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-91
17327410-10	2007	Mutation of the serine residue of this motif to alanine (Epo-RS462A) abolished beta-Trcp binding, Epo-R ubiquitination, and degradation.	Alanine	48-55	beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	79-88
31160916-8	2019	Results: The distinct metabolites between PDR and NDR groups were significantly enriched in 9 KEGG pathways (P &lt; 0.05, impact &gt; 0.1), namely, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, caffeine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, sulfur metabolism, sphingosine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism.	Alanine	148-155	serine/threonine kinase 38	Homo sapiens	50-53
34128540-4	2021	The mutation of aspartic acid to alanine (D199A) resulted in failure of USP1 to undergo autocleavage and form a complex with ubiquitin, indicating D199A-Usp1 is catalytically inactive.	Alanine	33-40	ubiquitin specific peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
17327410-10	2007	Mutation of the serine residue of this motif to alanine (Epo-RS462A) abolished beta-Trcp binding, Epo-R ubiquitination, and degradation.	Alanine	48-55	erythropoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	57-62
31123339-4	2019	Epitope mapping by alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that 4R34.1.19 mainly bound to IL-4 binding sites on IL-4Ralpha with different epitopes from those of dupilumab analogue.	Alanine	19-26	interleukin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	110-120
17440718-8	2007	Calpain required a 100-fold higher concentration to process the pre-IL-1alpha containing Ala at the 114th amino acid than that to do containing Ser.	Alanine	89-92	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	68-77
30925276-7	2019	Western blot analysis showed that ALA-PDT induces LC3II and p62 expression, along with the up regulation of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3.	Alanine	34-37	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	60-63
34280433-8	2021	Collectively, our data show that the role of CLPX in yeast ALAS/Hem1 activation is not conserved in vertebrates as vertebrates rely on CLPX to regulate ALAS turnover as well as PPOX and FECH activity.	Alanine	152-156	caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X	Homo sapiens	45-49
34280433-8	2021	Collectively, our data show that the role of CLPX in yeast ALAS/Hem1 activation is not conserved in vertebrates as vertebrates rely on CLPX to regulate ALAS turnover as well as PPOX and FECH activity.	Alanine	152-156	caseinolytic mitochondrial matrix peptidase chaperone subunit X	Homo sapiens	135-139
17440718-11	2007	Pre-IL-1alpha with Ala, which was high in frequency in SSc patients, was more resistant to be cleaved by proteases in human sera than pro-IL-1alpha with Ser.	Alanine	19-22	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	4-13
17219406-8	2007	Mutation of T958 to alanine reduced PDGF-stimulated SHIP2 tyrosine phosphorylation and association with Shc, but did not alter its anti-proliferative effect on preadipocytes.	Alanine	20-27	inositol polyphosphate phosphatase like 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
34233759-6	2021	RESULTS: Thirteen metabolites were identified as common biomarkers discriminating ob/ob mice and lepb-/- zebrafish larvae from their respective wild type controls: alanine, citrulline, ethanolamine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, putrescine, serine and threonine.	Alanine	164-171	leptin	Mus musculus	82-84
34220417-10	2021	Moreover, we demonstrated an important role of the concerted action of GDH and alanine aminotransferase in hyperammonemia; the products alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate serve as an ammonia sink and as a substrate for ammonia fixation via GDH, respectively.	Alanine	136-143	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
34220417-10	2021	Moreover, we demonstrated an important role of the concerted action of GDH and alanine aminotransferase in hyperammonemia; the products alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate serve as an ammonia sink and as a substrate for ammonia fixation via GDH, respectively.	Alanine	136-143	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	237-240
31035643-9	2019	However, the amino acid substitution of histidine H38, which is not involved in PLA2 function, to alanine, also affects protease activity, suggesting that the active site/mechanism of the PLA2 and protease function are not identical.	Alanine	98-105	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	188-192
30394058-2	2019	Two common variations have been focused upon, one resulting in leucine or proline at codon 198 and another resulting in 5, 6, or 7 alanine repeats were previously shown to affect the distribution of GPX1 between the cytoplasm and mitochondria.	Alanine	131-138	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	199-203
17562312-7	2007	The surface involved in binding lamin A/C is proposed based on results from alanine-scanning mutagenesis and a solid-phase overlay binding assay.	Alanine	76-83	lamin A/C	Homo sapiens	32-41
30418624-3	2019	For instance, while rejecting the majority of non-cognate amino acids via discrimination in the synthetic active site, prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) misactivates and mischarges Ala and Cys, which are similar in size to cognate Pro.	Alanine	178-181	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	119-141
30418624-3	2019	For instance, while rejecting the majority of non-cognate amino acids via discrimination in the synthetic active site, prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) misactivates and mischarges Ala and Cys, which are similar in size to cognate Pro.	Alanine	178-181	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
35522994-9	2022	Substituting Ala for basic residues within C-terminal TnT displaced C-terminal TnT from actin-tropomyosin.	Alanine	13-16	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	54-57
35522994-9	2022	Substituting Ala for basic residues within C-terminal TnT displaced C-terminal TnT from actin-tropomyosin.	Alanine	13-16	troponin T1, slow skeletal type	Homo sapiens	79-82
17288540-5	2007	Alanine-scanning peptide array analysis of the N-domain binding region identified severely reduced interaction with PDE4D5 upon R26A substitution, and reduced interaction upon either K18A or T20A substitution.	Alanine	0-7	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	116-121
35601556-1	2022	Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is caused by AGXT gene mutations that decrease the functional activity of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase.	Alanine	109-116	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	30-33
35601556-1	2022	Primary hyperoxaluria type I (PH1) is caused by AGXT gene mutations that decrease the functional activity of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase.	Alanine	109-116	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	48-52
35534729-5	2022	Mutating aspartate D428 to alanine prevents ammonia binding to SCAP, abolishes SREBP-1 activation and suppresses tumour growth.	Alanine	27-34	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	79-86
30800000-6	2019	Based on a 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis, CLP-induced septic mice had increased levels of acetate, pyruvate, and lactate in serum and decreased levels of alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and fumarate in lungs.	Alanine	159-166	hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1	Mus musculus	47-50
17355965-4	2007	In this study, we have identified the functional epitope on uPAR that is responsible for its interaction with the full-length, extended form of vitronectin by using a comprehensive alanine-scanning library of purified single-site uPAR mutants (244 positions tested).	Alanine	181-188	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	60-64
30129165-8	2018	The results indicated that the primary variances between SHP2-WT and SHP2-E76K were the different interactions between Glu/Lys 76 and Arg 265, Tyr 80 and Leu 77, Leu 77 and Tyr 81, Thr 73 and Glu 258, Ala 75 and Cys 259, Phe 71 and Tyr 81, Ala 75 and Glu 258, and Tyr 73 and Glu/Lys 76.	Alanine	201-204	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	69-73
17482549-4	2007	Furthermore, interaction of STRAD with LKB1 promoted LKB1 phosphorylation at a PKA site S431 and elevated the LKB1 level, and overexpressing LKB1 with a serine-to-alanine mutation at S431 (LKB1(S431A)) prevented axon differentiation.	Alanine	163-170	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	39-43
30102763-8	2018	Alanine scanning revealed that they bound to the vicinity of MMP-14 catalytic cleft especially residues F204 and F260, suggesting that the desired epitope was maintained during maturation.	Alanine	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 14 (membrane-inserted)	Mus musculus	61-67
35086955-4	2022	ADCT-601 (mipasetamab uzoptirine) is an AXL-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a humanized anti-AXL antibody site specifically conjugated using GlycoConnectTM technology to PL1601, which contains HydraSpaceTM, a Val-Ala cleavable linker and the potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer cytotoxin SG3199.	Alanine	231-234	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	40-43
35086955-4	2022	ADCT-601 (mipasetamab uzoptirine) is an AXL-targeted antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising a humanized anti-AXL antibody site specifically conjugated using GlycoConnectTM technology to PL1601, which contains HydraSpaceTM, a Val-Ala cleavable linker and the potent pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer cytotoxin SG3199.	Alanine	231-234	AXL receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	111-114
17242196-8	2007	An MTK1 alanine substitution mutant at Thr-1493 has a severely reduced activity.	Alanine	8-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4	Homo sapiens	3-7
35298257-2	2022	We found that TONSOKU (TSK/TONSL), which rescues broken replication forks, specifically interacts with H3.1 via recognition of alanine 31 by its tetratricopeptide repeat domain.	Alanine	127-134	H3 clustered histone 3	Homo sapiens	103-107
30245107-4	2018	The extension of the KASH domain by a single alanine residue or the mutation of the conserved tyrosine at -7 completely blocked the nuclear migration function of C. elegans UNC-83.	Alanine	45-52	Nuclear migration protein unc-83	Caenorhabditis elegans	173-179
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	274-321
30254314-5	2018	In Asians, associations are driven by two independent HLA allele sets that both increase risk in HLA-DQB1*0401 and HLA-DRB1*0701; the latter better represented by the amino acid Ala-104.	Alanine	178-181	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-105
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	323-328
35104793-8	2022	For all patients, the mean values +- SD of PD-L1 expression in GASCs for ALA+, ALA PALE, and ALA- were 1.12 +- 1.14, 0.89 +- 0.63, and 0.57 +- 0.18, respectively.	Alanine	73-76	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-48
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	36-43	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
35104793-8	2022	For all patients, the mean values +- SD of PD-L1 expression in GASCs for ALA+, ALA PALE, and ALA- were 1.12 +- 1.14, 0.89 +- 0.63, and 0.57 +- 0.18, respectively.	Alanine	79-82	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-48
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	53-60	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	17-23
35104793-8	2022	For all patients, the mean values +- SD of PD-L1 expression in GASCs for ALA+, ALA PALE, and ALA- were 1.12 +- 1.14, 0.89 +- 0.63, and 0.57 +- 0.18, respectively.	Alanine	93-96	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	43-48
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	158-161	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	53-60	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	74-80
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	166-169	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	224-229
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	175-178	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	187-190	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	208-211	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	97-105	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	17-23
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	97-105	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	74-80
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	115-123	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	17-23
29939290-3	2018	Mutations in the PABPN1 gene expanding an N-terminal alanine tract in the PABPN1 protein from 10 alanines to 11-18 alanines cause the muscle-specific disease oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), which affects eyelid, pharynx, and proximal limb muscles.	Alanine	115-123	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	74-80
17311416-6	2007	Photolytic release of free alanine results in the generation of significant transient current components in HEK293 cells expressing the ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2 proteins.	Alanine	27-34	solute carrier family 38 member 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	216-219	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
30234109-2	2018	ASCT2 is an acronym standing for Alanine, Serine, Cysteine Transporter 2 even if the preferred substrate is the conditionally essential amino acid glutamine, with cysteine being a modulator and not a substrate.	Alanine	33-40	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	229-232	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
17114185-6	2007	Ala substitution at the only residue making an oxoG-specific contact (G42A mutation) introduced torsional stress into the DNA contact surface of hOGG1, but this was overcome by local interactions within the folded protein, indicating that this oxoG recognition motif is "hardwired."	Alanine	0-3	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	145-150
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	241-244	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	266-269	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
35104793-9	2022	The differentially expressed values of PD-L1 in GASCs sampled from the 3 areas were found to be significant (p < 0.05) for 3 of the 7 patients: patient S470 (ALA+ vs ALA- and ALA PALE vs ALA-), patient S473 (ALA+ vs ALA PALE and ALA PALE vs ALA-), and patient S509 (ALA+ vs ALA-).	Alanine	274-277	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
29976672-6	2018	Of note, the alanine mutation in UL51 Ser-184 significantly reduced the mortality of mice following ocular infection.	Alanine	13-20	tegument protein UL51	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	33-37
29749471-6	2018	Mutations in S156 and hydrophobic L213 to alanine counteracted the antiapoptotic properties of BCL2L12 and downregulated the activation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugates and Beclin-1, compared with a BCL2L12 wild-type group.	Alanine	42-49	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	241-249
17227916-6	2007	Alanine replacement of R231, at the N-terminal side of S4, produced constitutive activation in homomeric KCNQ1 channels, a phenomenon not observed with previous single amino acid substitutions in S4 of other channels.	Alanine	0-7	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
30114340-9	2018	Mutation of the fifth residue, aspartate, to alanine or lysine has a dramatic impact on binding affinity for CCR6 and ligand potency.	Alanine	45-52	C-C motif chemokine receptor 6	Homo sapiens	109-113
30036999-4	2018	Substitution of this arginine with an alanine induced changes in thermal stability and/or intrinsic fluorescence of the related HspB1 and HspB8, but yielded only modest changes in the same biophysical properties of HspB4, HspB5, and HspB6 which together belong to another clade of vertebrate sHsps.	Alanine	38-45	crystallin alpha B	Homo sapiens	222-227
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Alanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Alanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
17276737-1	2007	We have previously described a patient with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by R133C mutation in NOTCH3 and with a concomitant myopathy caused by a G to A point mutation at base pair 5650 (5650G&gt;A) in the gene encoding tRNA(Ala) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).	Alanine	303-306	notch receptor 3	Homo sapiens	173-179
29573093-7	2018	Moreover, alanine mutagenesis revealed that in wild-type plants, sorting of NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 to the TP requires an N-terminal dileucine-based motif.	Alanine	10-17	natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-82
29573093-7	2018	Moreover, alanine mutagenesis revealed that in wild-type plants, sorting of NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 to the TP requires an N-terminal dileucine-based motif.	Alanine	10-17	natural resistance associated macrophage protein 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-93
17152068-5	2007	The 10197G&gt;A mutation modifies a hydrophobic alanine residue into a hydrophilic threonine (A47T) in a highly conserved domain of ND3 subunit.	Alanine	48-55	mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 3	Homo sapiens	132-135
29915540-4	2018	Site-directed mutagenesis combining with functional assay showed that substitution with alanine of several residues, most of which are conserved in the typical EF-loop, including D267, D278, D288, and E298 dramatically reduced TRPM2 channel currents.	Alanine	88-95	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	227-232
29772612-1	2018	We have studied a series of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and ACC2 proteins with deletions and/or Ser to Ala substitutions of the known phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	112-115	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Homo sapiens	58-64
29844055-7	2018	Mutation of the genomic copy of ric-8 in Caenorhabditis elegans to encode alanine in the homologous sites resulted in characteristic ric-8 reduction-of-function phenotypes that are associated with defective Gq and Gs signaling, including reduced locomotion and defective egg laying.	Alanine	74-81	Synembryn	Caenorhabditis elegans	32-37
29844055-7	2018	Mutation of the genomic copy of ric-8 in Caenorhabditis elegans to encode alanine in the homologous sites resulted in characteristic ric-8 reduction-of-function phenotypes that are associated with defective Gq and Gs signaling, including reduced locomotion and defective egg laying.	Alanine	74-81	Synembryn	Caenorhabditis elegans	133-138
17229142-0	2007	Effect of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy-associated extension of seven alanines on the fibrillation properties of the N-terminal domain of PABPN1.	Alanine	75-83	poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1	Homo sapiens	143-149
29792216-8	2018	HIV-1 proviral transcription was inhibited by Tat alanine mutants and partially restored by S16E mutation.	Alanine	50-57	Tat	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	46-49
18029765-5	2007	Variants of hTERT, in which a highly conserved amino acid residue in T-motif was replaced with an alanine residue, were expressed in the in vitro translation system of rabbit reticulocyte lysate.	Alanine	98-105	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	12-17
29511087-8	2018	The alanine-scanning experiments revealed that residues Tyr-34, Gln-38, Gly-39, and Leu-45 (in the AB loop) and Pro-153 (in the D-helix) had specific roles in activating OSMR but not LIFR signaling, whereas Leu-40 and Cys-49 (in the AB loop), and Phe-160 and Lys-163 (in the D-helix) were required for activation of both receptors.	Alanine	4-11	oncostatin M receptor	Homo sapiens	170-174
17144662-6	2006	Through the use of alanine-scanning peptide array experiments and NMR spectroscopy, an approximate 5-fold tighter interaction was identified between Ca2+-S100A11 and annexin A2 (approximately 3 microM) compared to annexin A1 (approximately 15 microM).	Alanine	19-26	annexin A2	Homo sapiens	166-176
29765472-4	2018	Therefore, we developed novel cyclic NGR peptide-daunomycin conjugates in which Lys was replaced by different amino acids (Ala, Leu, Nle, Pro, Ser).	Alanine	123-126	reticulon 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	37-40
29432801-8	2018	The inhibition assay showed that glybenclamide (a K+ efflux inhibitor that blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation) and N-benzyloxycarbony-Val-Ala-Asp (O-methyl)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK; a caspase-1 inhibitor) and NLRP3 depletion with siRNAs reduced the levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 release.	Alanine	140-143	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	280-285
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	9-12
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	79-82
29459279-0	2018	Cyclic peptide inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 with improved potency identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	95-102	lysine demethylase 1A	Homo sapiens	29-58
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	79-82
17094785-5	2006	Mutating Cbl prolines 543-548 to alanines substantially reduced Src binding to Cbl, Src-induced phosphorylation of Cbl, and the inhibition of Src kinase activity by Cbl.	Alanine	33-41	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	79-82
17064349-7	2006	Moreover, deletion of the N-terminal 9 amino acids and substitution of both Arg-8 and Arg-9 of RGS8 with Ala resulted in reduced binding to M1i3.	Alanine	105-108	regulator of G protein signaling 8	Homo sapiens	95-99
29196110-6	2018	With regards to the cleavage behavior of neprilysin, a strong preference for Gly at P1 was found, while Gly, Ala and Val were well accepted at P1" upon cleavage of tropoelastin and skin elastin.	Alanine	109-112	elastin	Homo sapiens	164-176
29278724-6	2018	Alanine (Ala) was significantly reduced in BMD, FSHD and LGMD-2B patients as compared to control subjects.	Alanine	0-7	FSHMD1A	Homo sapiens	48-52
29278724-6	2018	Alanine (Ala) was significantly reduced in BMD, FSHD and LGMD-2B patients as compared to control subjects.	Alanine	0-3	FSHMD1A	Homo sapiens	48-52
16996538-7	2006	We find that alanine substitutions at residues 584-588 (region 4.2) do not impair the interaction of region 4 with the beta-flap or MotA, but they eliminate the interaction with AsiA and prevent AsiA inhibition and MotA/AsiA activation.	Alanine	13-20	AsiA anti-sigma 70 protein	Escherichia phage T4	178-182
29233890-10	2018	Of note, when two putative Pi-binding residues, Ser-128 (in PiT1) and Ser-113 (in PiT2), were substituted with alanine, the PiT1-PiT2 heterodimerization was no longer regulated by extracellular Pi These observations suggested that Pi binding rather than Pi uptake may be the key factor in mediating Pi signaling through the PiT proteins.	Alanine	111-118	phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein SEC14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
29233890-10	2018	Of note, when two putative Pi-binding residues, Ser-128 (in PiT1) and Ser-113 (in PiT2), were substituted with alanine, the PiT1-PiT2 heterodimerization was no longer regulated by extracellular Pi These observations suggested that Pi binding rather than Pi uptake may be the key factor in mediating Pi signaling through the PiT proteins.	Alanine	111-118	phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine transfer protein SEC14	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	124-128
16996538-7	2006	We find that alanine substitutions at residues 584-588 (region 4.2) do not impair the interaction of region 4 with the beta-flap or MotA, but they eliminate the interaction with AsiA and prevent AsiA inhibition and MotA/AsiA activation.	Alanine	13-20	AsiA anti-sigma 70 protein	Escherichia phage T4	195-199
16996538-7	2006	We find that alanine substitutions at residues 584-588 (region 4.2) do not impair the interaction of region 4 with the beta-flap or MotA, but they eliminate the interaction with AsiA and prevent AsiA inhibition and MotA/AsiA activation.	Alanine	13-20	flagellar motor protein MotA	Escherichia phage T4	215-219
16996538-7	2006	We find that alanine substitutions at residues 584-588 (region 4.2) do not impair the interaction of region 4 with the beta-flap or MotA, but they eliminate the interaction with AsiA and prevent AsiA inhibition and MotA/AsiA activation.	Alanine	13-20	AsiA anti-sigma 70 protein	Escherichia phage T4	195-199
28992057-6	2017	Blocking tau phosphorylation at Ser262/356 by alanine substitutions suppressed promotion of tau toxicity by CaMKII, suggesting that tau phosphorylation at these sites is required for this phenomenon.	Alanine	46-53	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	108-114
16996538-8	2006	In contrast, alanine substitutions at 551-552, 554-555 (region 4.1) eliminate the region 4/beta-flap interaction, significantly impair the AsiA/sigma70 interaction, and eliminate AsiA inhibition.	Alanine	13-20	AsiA anti-sigma 70 protein	Escherichia phage T4	139-143
16996538-8	2006	In contrast, alanine substitutions at 551-552, 554-555 (region 4.1) eliminate the region 4/beta-flap interaction, significantly impair the AsiA/sigma70 interaction, and eliminate AsiA inhibition.	Alanine	13-20	AsiA anti-sigma 70 protein	Escherichia phage T4	179-183
28924458-9	2017	Alanine mutation of several serine residues in the amino-terminal region of Ankrd54 (Ser14, Ser17, Ser18, Ser19) reduced both PMA induced cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of Ankrd54.	Alanine	0-7	ankyrin repeat domain 54	Homo sapiens	76-83
28924458-9	2017	Alanine mutation of several serine residues in the amino-terminal region of Ankrd54 (Ser14, Ser17, Ser18, Ser19) reduced both PMA induced cytoplasmic localization and phosphorylation of Ankrd54.	Alanine	0-7	ankyrin repeat domain 54	Homo sapiens	186-193
16997281-2	2006	In this study we produced, and expressed in Xenopus oocytes, individual alanine point mutants of positively charged amino acids (eight lysine, seven arginine and one histidine) in the intracellular domains of the human P2X1 receptor.	Alanine	72-79	purinergic receptor P2X 1	Homo sapiens	219-232
17083745-7	2006	We show that disruption of the N-terminal myristoylation signal by substituting the N-terminal glycine with alanine (Z-G2A mutant) resulted in a significant reduction of Z protein association with cellular membranes.	Alanine	108-115	transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 4	Homo sapiens	170-179
28067406-7	2017	Ninj1 N-glycosylation was characterized by treatment of tunicamycin and substitution of Asn to Gln or Ala.	Alanine	102-105	ninjurin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28414123-6	2017	ZGR also inhibited ADP- and U46619- induced phosphorylation of myristolated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) and the expressions of P-selectin and PAC-1 in platelets.	Alanine	76-83	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Mus musculus	109-115
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	179-186	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	179-186	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
28011069-0	2017	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 to estimate loss- or gain-of-function variants.	Alanine	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	38-88
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	179-186	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
28011069-9	2017	We found that GOF alanine mutants occurred at the interface of the antiparallel STAT1 dimer, suggesting that they destabilize this dimer.	Alanine	18-25	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	255-262	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	255-262	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
16840712-4	2006	By coexpression of wild-type P2X3 and mutated P2X2 subunit, we found that the heteromeric P2X2/3 channel functioned normally when either lysine in the P2X2 subunit was mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A] or [K308A]) but not when both lysines were mutated to alanine (i.e., [K69A, K308A]).	Alanine	255-262	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
28370702-5	2017	Substitutions of each of these three lysine residues to an alanine partially or almost completely diminished in vitro methylation of ALK.	Alanine	59-66	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	133-136
16867980-5	2006	To identify the structural features that are responsible for the interaction of INSL3 with its receptor, its solution structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy together with in vitro assays of a series of B-chain alanine-substituted analogs.	Alanine	216-223	insulin like 3	Homo sapiens	80-85
28457890-4	2017	Mutation of serine 65 in NANOG to alanine (S65A) alone has the most significant impact on increasing NANOG reprogramming capacity.	Alanine	34-41	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	101-106
16867980-8	2006	Alanine-substituted analogs were used to identify the key residues of INSL3 that are responsible for the interaction with the ectodomain of LGR8.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like 3	Homo sapiens	70-75
16867980-8	2006	Alanine-substituted analogs were used to identify the key residues of INSL3 that are responsible for the interaction with the ectodomain of LGR8.	Alanine	0-7	relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Homo sapiens	140-144
28299478-11	2017	Factor-2 explained 25.8% of the total variance and had maximum loadings on alanine, aspartic acid, serine and tyrosine.	Alanine	75-82	transcription termination factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
16942331-6	2006	As an example, we apply our LCCSD approach to measure the post-MP2 correction to the energetic gap between two different alanine tetrapeptide conformations.	Alanine	121-128	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
16672229-6	2006	In the present study, we provide experimental evidence that consolidates and further develops this model using data from a comprehensive alanine scanning mutagenesis of uPAR combined with low resolution distance constraints defined within the complex using chemical cross-linkers as molecular rulers.	Alanine	137-144	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	169-173
28258222-4	2017	We constructed STAT1 alanine mutants of the alpha3 helix residues of the coiled-coil domain, which are frequently found in CMC pathogenic mutations, and measured their transcriptional activities.	Alanine	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
16672229-8	2006	This complete alanine scanning of uPAR highlighted the involvement of 20 surface-exposed side chains in this interaction.	Alanine	14-21	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	34-38
28649424-0	2017	An alanine expanded PABPN1 causes increased utilization of intronic polyadenylation sites.	Alanine	3-10	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	20-26
16818689-4	2006	RESULTS: The Ala allele in OPRT Gly213Ala polymorphism and the two tandem repeats (2R) in TYMS promoter polymorphism were associated with grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and diarrhea.	Alanine	13-16	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	27-31
28049756-6	2017	Additionally, these S/T-P sites seem to be important for PRRXL1 conformation, and their point mutation to alanine or aspartate down-regulates PRRXL1 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	106-113	paired related homeobox protein-like 1	Mus musculus	57-63
16786156-8	2006	However, 8 of the 20 with poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma showed heterozygosity at the 135th position of the amino acid sequence of TLR4, and a mutation from threonine to alanine was found at this site.	Alanine	184-191	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
28049756-6	2017	Additionally, these S/T-P sites seem to be important for PRRXL1 conformation, and their point mutation to alanine or aspartate down-regulates PRRXL1 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	106-113	paired related homeobox protein-like 1	Mus musculus	142-148
28122815-4	2017	In this study, we show that mutating both Y699 and L701 to alanine, serine, aspartate, or glycine impairs human EAG1 channel function.	Alanine	59-66	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
16636053-7	2006	Mutations of conserved hydrophobic residues (Ile-120, Ala-123, and Leu-124) located between the two Cys residues in the HCCH motif disrupt binding of the zinc-coordinating region to Cul5 and inhibit APOBEC3G degradation.	Alanine	54-57	cullin 5	Homo sapiens	182-186
16776831-6	2006	RESULTS: Two leucine residues within this previously characterized CLR N-terminus domain, when mutated to alanine and expressed on HEK293T cells stably transfected with RAMP1, demonstrated a significantly decreased binding affinity for CGRP compared to wild type receptor.	Alanine	106-113	receptor activity modifying protein 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
27821475-3	2017	Here we show that the R38D K40E ribosomal binding-compromised variant (Asc1DEp) is severely destabilized through mutation of phosphosite T143 to a dephosphorylation-mimicking alanine, probably through proteasomal degradation, leading to asc1- phenotypes.	Alanine	175-182	guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	237-241
16670331-7	2006	MD-2 mutants substituting alanine for Phe(126) or Gly(129) impaired LPS-induced TLR4 clustering, but not LPS binding to TLR4/MD-2, demonstrating that ligand-induced receptor clustering is differentially regulated by MD-2 from ligand binding.	Alanine	26-33	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	0-4
28094002-2	2017	In Caenorhabditis elegans, stress-induced sleep(SIS) is regulated by cytokine activation of the ALA neuron, which releases FLP-13 neuropeptides characterized by an amidated arginine-phenylalanine (RFamide) C-terminus motif.	Alanine	96-99	SPSAVPLIRF-amide	Caenorhabditis elegans	123-129
28849491-2	2017	Ala, Gln, Gly, Lys, Val and taurine (Tau) are the most abundant free AAs in mammals, and some of these react with hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) produced by myeloperoxidase in activated phagocytes to form N-chloroamino acids (NCAA).	Alanine	0-3	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	151-166
16452088-10	2006	Shared substrate amino acid context was apparent in subsets of O-GlcNAc-modified peptides, including "PVST" and a novel "TTA" motif (two hydroxyl-containing amino acids adjacent to an alanine).	Alanine	184-191	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	63-71
28008853-5	2016	Alanine scanning reveals residues crucial for GEF activity within that sequence.	Alanine	0-7	Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
16467306-5	2006	We used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to identify regions of human MD-2 that are important for TLR4 and LPS binding.	Alanine	8-15	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
27911835-0	2016	Two crystal structures reveal design for repurposing the C-Ala domain of human AlaRS.	Alanine	59-62	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
16618739-10	2006	Interestingly, substitution of maspin p1" site Arg340 in the reactive site loop (RSL) with alanine not only abolished the binding to pro-uPA but also diminished the maspin effects on pro-uPA cleavage and cell detachment.	Alanine	91-98	serpin family B member 5	Homo sapiens	31-37
26899532-5	2016	hCA I, II and XII were generally better inhibited by sulfonamides incorporating longer scaffolds and Gly/Ala, whereas the best hCA IV inhibitors were homosulfanilamide derivatives, incorporating Phe moieties.	Alanine	105-108	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
16618739-10	2006	Interestingly, substitution of maspin p1" site Arg340 in the reactive site loop (RSL) with alanine not only abolished the binding to pro-uPA but also diminished the maspin effects on pro-uPA cleavage and cell detachment.	Alanine	91-98	serpin family B member 5	Homo sapiens	165-171
17076250-9	2006	Buffalo kappa-casein with the presence of amino acids Thr 136 and Ala 148 seems to be an intermediate of "A" and "B" variants of cattle.	Alanine	66-69	kappa-casein	Capra hircus	8-20
27702419-4	2016	Substitution of a Thr by an Ala residue in the pore-forming motif of the zebrafish (Dario rerio) Aqp3b paralog resulted in a mutant (DrAqp3b-T85A) that when expressed in Xenopus or porcine oocytes increased their permeability to ethylene glycol at pH 7.5 and 8.5.	Alanine	28-31	aquaporin 3b	Danio rerio	97-102
27702419-4	2016	Substitution of a Thr by an Ala residue in the pore-forming motif of the zebrafish (Dario rerio) Aqp3b paralog resulted in a mutant (DrAqp3b-T85A) that when expressed in Xenopus or porcine oocytes increased their permeability to ethylene glycol at pH 7.5 and 8.5.	Alanine	28-31	aquaporin 3b	Danio rerio	133-140
16623712-5	2006	In particular, the fluorogenic substrate Mca-Ala-Ser-Asp-Lys-DpaOH was shown to be a strict N-domain-selective substrate of mouse ACE, whereas with rat ACE it displayed marked C-domain selectivity.	Alanine	45-48	angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1	Mus musculus	130-133
27736076-7	2016	Using a maximum entropy analysis that applies constraints from experimental spectra to weighting predicted spectra from molecular dynamics (MD) ensembles, we find that peptides with Ala or Val side chains preceding the Pro-Gly turn unit exhibit a stronger tendency toward extended structures than do Gly-Pro-Gly motifs, suggesting an important role for steric interactions in tuning the molecular properties of elastin.	Alanine	182-185	elastin	Homo sapiens	411-418
16405521-4	2006	AIM AND METHODS: To extend our knowledge of the primary collagen-binding site of GPVI, a number of neighboring residues on the apical surface of recombinant soluble GPVI were mutated to alanine and binding of these mutants, as well as the lysine59 mutant, to fibrillar collagen was measured.	Alanine	186-193	glycoprotein VI platelet	Homo sapiens	81-85
27480855-3	2016	For four mutants of CTX-M-14 that were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis (A109E, A109D, A109K, and A109R mutants), MICs of cephalosporins were similar to those for the E. coli host strain, which suggested that the alanine at position 109 was essential for cephalosporin hydrolysis.	Alanine	221-228	CTX-M-14	Escherichia coli	20-28
16405521-6	2006	Remarkably, the mutation of residues arginine60 in domain one and arginine166 in domain two, individually to alanine, which had no significant affect on CRP binding, reduced binding of recombinant GPVI to collagen.	Alanine	109-116	glycoprotein VI platelet	Homo sapiens	197-201
27601654-3	2016	GPT2 [also known as alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2)] is one of two related transaminases that catalyze the reversible addition of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, yielding alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate.	Alanine	20-27	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
16549777-5	2006	We found that, although the alpha-chain gene sequences of the siblings were normal, the beta(2)m genes contained a single nucleotide transversion that would mutate a conserved alanine to proline at the midpoint of the signal sequence.	Alanine	176-183	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	88-96
27601654-3	2016	GPT2 [also known as alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2)] is one of two related transaminases that catalyze the reversible addition of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, yielding alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate.	Alanine	20-27	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
27470515-7	2016	Replacing lysine residues in positions 4 and 7 of Nef with alanines abrogates Nef-calnexin interaction, prevents ABCA1 downregulation by Nef, and preserves cholesterol efflux from HIV-infected cells.	Alanine	59-67	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
27325700-7	2016	Alanine substitutions of the possible priming phosphorylation sites (scc1-15A) impair Cdc5 association with chromosomal cohesin, but they make only a moderate impact on mitotic cell growth even in securin-deleted cells (pds1Delta), where Scc1 phosphorylation by Cdc5 is indispensable.	Alanine	0-7	kleisin alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
27325700-7	2016	Alanine substitutions of the possible priming phosphorylation sites (scc1-15A) impair Cdc5 association with chromosomal cohesin, but they make only a moderate impact on mitotic cell growth even in securin-deleted cells (pds1Delta), where Scc1 phosphorylation by Cdc5 is indispensable.	Alanine	0-7	kleisin alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	238-242
27445102-5	2016	Western blotting results showed that alpha4 and beta2 subunits were cross-linked when the agonist-bound receptor encountered H2O2, which could be prevented by the substitution of the conserved cysteine in the M1-M2 linker to an alanine.	Alanine	228-235	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
16326905-8	2006	Mutation of the Pro or Gly of the Pro-Ala-Gly motif to Ala abolished KCNQ1 function and introduction of Gly in front of the Ala-mutations partially recovered channel function, suggesting that flexibility at the PAG is important for channel activation.	Alanine	38-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
27261458-3	2016	Here we identify Ser-226 as an important residue for Ras1 phosphorylation, as mutating this residue to an alanine drastically diminishes the level of Ras1 phosphorylation.	Alanine	106-113	Ras family GTPase RAS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
27261458-3	2016	Here we identify Ser-226 as an important residue for Ras1 phosphorylation, as mutating this residue to an alanine drastically diminishes the level of Ras1 phosphorylation.	Alanine	106-113	Ras family GTPase RAS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	150-154
27135265-7	2016	Importantly, the altered potencies due to Ala substitutions in alpha-MSH did not necessarily correlate with equivalent Ala substitutions in NDP-MSH, indicating that structural modifications and corresponding biological activities in one of these melanocortin ligands may not be predictive for the other agonist.	Alanine	42-45	msh homeobox 1	Mus musculus	69-72
16326905-8	2006	Mutation of the Pro or Gly of the Pro-Ala-Gly motif to Ala abolished KCNQ1 function and introduction of Gly in front of the Ala-mutations partially recovered channel function, suggesting that flexibility at the PAG is important for channel activation.	Alanine	55-58	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
16407220-10	2006	Further, direct mutation of Ser428 of LKB1 into alanine, like the kinase-inactive LKB1 mutant, abolished ONOO- -induced AMPK activation.	Alanine	48-55	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	38-42
16394101-7	2006	Conversion of the PKCgamma phosphorylation sites to alanine residues, reduces the EGF-dependent NMHC-IIB phosphorylation.	Alanine	52-59	protein kinase C gamma	Homo sapiens	18-26
26869200-1	2016	A phospho-null Ala substitution at protein kinase C (PKC)-targeted cardiac troponin I (cTnI) S43/45 reduces myocyte and cardiac contractile function.	Alanine	15-18	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	67-85
26869200-1	2016	A phospho-null Ala substitution at protein kinase C (PKC)-targeted cardiac troponin I (cTnI) S43/45 reduces myocyte and cardiac contractile function.	Alanine	15-18	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	87-91
16166197-12	2006	Conversely, StAR gene transcription was markedly inhibited by expression of nonphosphorylatable CREB (Ser(133)Ala), dominant negative A-CREB, and dominant negative c-Jun (TAM-67) mutants.	Alanine	110-113	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Mus musculus	12-16
26056022-8	2016	In family 3, a novel missense mutation c.1625C&gt;T in exon 17 of CLCN7 was identified in the proband, resulting in an alanine (GCG) to valine (GUG) substitution at p.542 (A542V); the mutation was also identified in her father.	Alanine	119-126	chloride voltage-gated channel 7	Homo sapiens	66-71
16533566-4	2006	Mutation of the poly ED motif to alanine or glutamine/asparagine greatly enhanced voltage-dependent inactivation, shifting the voltage dependence to negative potentials by &gt;50 mV and conferring a neuronal like inactivation kinetics onto Ca(V)1.2.	Alanine	33-40	caveolin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	240-246
27122014-3	2016	Using homozygosity mapping followed by whole exome sequencing, we identified a homozygous c. 281C&gt;A mutation in the APOA1BP gene resulting in substitution of a highly conserved alanine residue with aspartic acid (p.Ala94Asp).	Alanine	180-187	NAD(P)HX epimerase	Homo sapiens	119-126
16131791-3	2006	In an examination for a mutation of the beta-catenin gene, an activating mutation from ACC (Thr) to GCC (Ala) at codon 41 was found.	Alanine	105-108	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-52
16407075-5	2006	Our studies also reveal that the FOXP2 forkhead domain can form a domain-swapped dimer, made possible by a strategic substitution of a highly conserved proline in conventional FOX proteins with alanine in the P subfamily.	Alanine	194-201	forkhead box P2	Homo sapiens	33-38
26901629-3	2016	Studies with human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) and three of its mutants where S residues were replaced with Ala suggested that (a) the binding affinity is influenced more by the binding sequence than by the protein fold (b) pH may play a role in binding reactivity, and (c) mutating the Met impacted the affinity and oxidation rate more drastically than did mutating one of the Cys, supporting its important role in protein function.	Alanine	110-113	peroxiredoxin 3	Homo sapiens	19-40
26901629-3	2016	Studies with human antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1) and three of its mutants where S residues were replaced with Ala suggested that (a) the binding affinity is influenced more by the binding sequence than by the protein fold (b) pH may play a role in binding reactivity, and (c) mutating the Met impacted the affinity and oxidation rate more drastically than did mutating one of the Cys, supporting its important role in protein function.	Alanine	110-113	peroxiredoxin 3	Homo sapiens	42-47
16288713-5	2005	PERK, an eIF2alpha kinase, is found to interact with wt and mutants of eIF2alpha in which the serine 51 or 48 residue is replaced by alanine or aspartic acid thereby suggesting that the phosphorylation site in the substrate is not important for interaction.	Alanine	133-140	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
27113203-4	2016	Here we assessed the contribution of putative PKC residues (S4, S7, S13) in the N-terminal of the DAT to amphetamine-induced DA efflux by transfecting DATs containing different serine to alanine (S-A) point mutations into DA pre-loaded HEK-293 cells and incubating these cells in amphetamine (2muM).	Alanine	187-194	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
16203727-8	2005	Alanine substitution of the conserved Thr(628) preceding the PY motif in gamma-mENaC had no effect on basal activity.	Alanine	0-7	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	79-84
27882195-3	2016	One of the reactive imines was capped with a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine linker.	Alanine	74-81	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	45-56
26842853-4	2016	Uncapping the 5-LOX active site by mutation of F177 and/or Y181 to alanine (5-LOX-F177A, 5-LOX-Y181A, 5-LOX-F177/Y181A) resulted in delayed and diminished 5-LOX membrane association in A23187-stimulated cells.	Alanine	67-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	16-19
26842853-4	2016	Uncapping the 5-LOX active site by mutation of F177 and/or Y181 to alanine (5-LOX-F177A, 5-LOX-Y181A, 5-LOX-F177/Y181A) resulted in delayed and diminished 5-LOX membrane association in A23187-stimulated cells.	Alanine	67-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
26842853-4	2016	Uncapping the 5-LOX active site by mutation of F177 and/or Y181 to alanine (5-LOX-F177A, 5-LOX-Y181A, 5-LOX-F177/Y181A) resulted in delayed and diminished 5-LOX membrane association in A23187-stimulated cells.	Alanine	67-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
26842853-4	2016	Uncapping the 5-LOX active site by mutation of F177 and/or Y181 to alanine (5-LOX-F177A, 5-LOX-Y181A, 5-LOX-F177/Y181A) resulted in delayed and diminished 5-LOX membrane association in A23187-stimulated cells.	Alanine	67-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
26842853-4	2016	Uncapping the 5-LOX active site by mutation of F177 and/or Y181 to alanine (5-LOX-F177A, 5-LOX-Y181A, 5-LOX-F177/Y181A) resulted in delayed and diminished 5-LOX membrane association in A23187-stimulated cells.	Alanine	67-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
27100463-5	2016	Mutation of the single cysteine residue in the canonical active site of nAG to alanine or serine leads to protein degradation, but addition of residues at the C terminus stabilises the secreted protein.	Alanine	79-86	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	72-75
27094155-1	2016	The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of L-carnosine (CAR), an endogenous dipeptide of alanine and histidine, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury.	Alanine	128-135	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	82-99
26545917-6	2016	Although deletion of JAC1 is lethal in both species, alanine substitutions within the conserved His-Pro-Asp (HPD) motif, which is critical for Jac1:Hsp70 interaction, have species-specific effects.	Alanine	53-60	J-type chaperone JAC1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	143-147
26673105-4	2016	By quantitative, alanine surface-scanning two-hybrid screens and biochemical analyses we delineated four distinct interfaces on the Prp38 amino-terminal domain.	Alanine	17-24	pre-mRNA processing factor 38A	Homo sapiens	132-137
28105441-3	2016	Transgenic mice (Tg mice), ubiquitously expressing mouse CRY1 having a mutation in which cysteine414 (the zinc-binding site of CRY1) being replaced with alanine, display unique phenotypes in their circadian rhythms.	Alanine	153-160	cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	57-61
26571132-8	2015	While frpr-4 is expressed broadly, selective overexpression of frpr-4 in the proprioceptive DVA neurons results in exaggerated body bends that require flp-13 in the ALA neuron.	Alanine	165-168	SPSAVPLIRF-amide	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-157
26587041-5	2015	RESULTS: It was found that the frequency of the RASSF1A Ala133Ser T allele (Ala/Ser and Ser/Ser) genotype in HCC cases was observably higher than that of normal subjects (P &lt; 0.001).	Alanine	56-59	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	48-55
25758935-5	2015	GPT2 is the gene encoding ALT2 which is responsible for the reversible transamination of alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate.	Alanine	89-96	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
25758935-5	2015	GPT2 is the gene encoding ALT2 which is responsible for the reversible transamination of alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate.	Alanine	89-96	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
26085164-5	2015	Individual alanine substitutions of two basic residues within the 40s" loop, K42 and R43, abrogated the ability of XCL1 to bind to the viral envelope and block HIV-1 infection; moreover, a loss of HIV-inhibitory function, albeit less marked, was seen upon individual mutation of three additional basic residues: R18, R35, and K46.	Alanine	11-18	X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
26160962-5	2015	To understand the structure-function relationship underlying the unique roles of the ETR1 receiver domain in the control of specific traits, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	154-161	Signal transduction histidine kinase, hybrid-type, ethylene sensor	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-89
26157143-4	2015	In this study, we have shown that due to the site-specific Lys to Ala mutations of PIP5K at Lys-244 and Lys-490, it is unable to localize in the nucleus and nucleolus, respectively.	Alanine	66-69	phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing	Homo sapiens	83-88
25843644-5	2015	We generated a variety of KCC2 alanine dephosphorylation mimics and used NH4(+)-induced pHi shifts in cultured hippocampal neurons to quantify the rate of KCC2 transport activity exhibited by these mutants.	Alanine	31-38	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	26-30
25843644-8	2015	Our results demonstrate that KCC2 transport can vary considerably in magnitude depending on the combination of alanine mutations present on the protein.	Alanine	111-118	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	29-33
26007660-5	2015	Alanine mutations of catalytic residues His147 and His149 abolish DNAppG de-capping activity, suggesting that the 3" de-guanylylation and 5" de-adenylylation reactions follow the same pathway of nucleotidyl transfer through a covalent aprataxin-(His147)-NMP intermediate.	Alanine	0-7	aprataxin	Homo sapiens	235-244
25930971-5	2015	SLC1A4 (ASCT1) encodes a transporter for neutral aminoacids such as alanine, serine, cysteine and threonine.	Alanine	68-75	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
25930971-5	2015	SLC1A4 (ASCT1) encodes a transporter for neutral aminoacids such as alanine, serine, cysteine and threonine.	Alanine	68-75	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	8-13
25736604-7	2015	In the search of conformational details of this SAA fragment, we did its structure and affinity studies, including its selected double/triple Pro   Ala variants.	Alanine	148-151	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	48-51
25948817-9	2015	Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-alpha1.	Alanine	27-34	T cell receptor beta variable 9	Homo sapiens	62-67
25948817-9	2015	Replacement of serine with alanine at this position abrogated TRBV9(+) and TRBV9(-) clonal T cell proliferation in response to HLA-DQ8-glia-alpha1.	Alanine	27-34	T cell receptor beta variable 9	Homo sapiens	75-80
16203727-11	2005	Alanine substitution of the conserved Thr within the YXX motif of gamma-mENaC (T635A) increased basal activity.	Alanine	0-7	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	72-77
26112936-4	2015	We have shown that the number of alanine (GCG) repeats at the amino terminus of the GPX1 protein is variable.	Alanine	33-40	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
16141208-8	2005	Substitution with alanine of the P(2) residue, Trp(3), converted upain-1 into a distinct, although poor, uPA substrate.	Alanine	18-25	tRNA-Pro (anticodon TGG) 3-1	Homo sapiens	47-52
25970584-8	2015	Alanine substitutions at the four phosphosites cause hyper-repression of transcription indicating that phosphorylation of Bdp1 opposes Maf1-mediated repression.	Alanine	0-7	RNA polymerase III-inhibiting protein MAF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	135-139
16171819-3	2005	Here, we mapped the complete binding region of IFNAR1 on IFNalpha2 by creating a panel of 21 single alanine mutant proteins, and determined their binding affinities.	Alanine	100-107	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	47-53
15875186-6	2005	We further mutated the asparagine residues 418, 557 and 596 in three putative N-linked glycosylation motifs of BCRP to alanines.	Alanine	119-127	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2	Canis lupus familiaris	111-115
25739457-5	2015	Alanine mutagenesis and trafficking assays support a scenario in which ESMI(623)LL acts as the authentic basolateral signal of ClC-2.	Alanine	0-7	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2	Mus musculus	127-132
16382570-6	2005	This paradox may be explained by lower ALA intake leading to decreased competition for Delta6 desaturase activity between ALA and the 24:5n-3 FA precursor to DHA formation.	Alanine	39-42	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-104
25761416-5	2015	Employing HRMAS, this study aimed to elucidate potential relationships between N-acetyl and/or alanine and ACAN, COL2A1 and/or MMP13 expression profiles in OA cartilage.	Alanine	95-102	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	107-111
16382570-6	2005	This paradox may be explained by lower ALA intake leading to decreased competition for Delta6 desaturase activity between ALA and the 24:5n-3 FA precursor to DHA formation.	Alanine	122-125	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-104
25662919-7	2015	From the results of the free-energy decomposition and the computational alanine scanning calculation, we identified the amino acids crucial for the interaction of gamma-tubulin with GCP4, called hotspots.	Alanine	72-79	tubulin gamma complex associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	182-186
16024663-4	2005	Here, we used site-directed Ala mutagenesis to scan residues of the Kv1.5 pore to define the binding site for Kvbeta1.3 subunits.	Alanine	28-31	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	110-119
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease SAE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	110-114
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	centromere protein Q	Homo sapiens	24-30
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	centromere protein Q	Homo sapiens	52-58
16270630-7	2005	Our results support the hypothesis that the C132-X-X-C135 motif in VKORC1 comprises part of the redox active site that catalyzes VKO reduction and also suggest a crucial role for the hydrophobic Thr-Tyr-Ala motif in coumarin binding.	Alanine	203-206	vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	centromere protein Q	Homo sapiens	52-58
25670858-5	2015	Plk1 phosphorylated the CENP-Q subunit of the PBIP1 CENP-Q complex at multiple sites, and mutation of nine Plk1-dependent phosphorylation sites to Ala (9A) enhanced CENP-Q association with chromatin and prolonged CENP-Q localization to kinetochores.	Alanine	147-150	centromere protein Q	Homo sapiens	52-58
16025242-8	2005	Moreover, a unique Ala-489 in VP2 of our Taichung isolate was found, contrasting to a Val-489 in the VP2 of other strains.	Alanine	19-22	VP2	Canine parvovirus	30-33
25236239-1	2015	A mutant derived from a cyclodextrin glucantransferase with an alanine residue as its acid/base catalyst residue (CGT-E284A) catalyzed regioselective glycosylation at 3-OH of l-ascorbic acid using alpha-maltosyl fluoride (alphaG2F) and l-ascorbic acid as the donor and acceptor, respectively, yielding 3-O-alpha-maltosyl-l-ascorbate (AA3alphaG2).	Alanine	63-70	UDP glycosyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	114-117
16025242-8	2005	Moreover, a unique Ala-489 in VP2 of our Taichung isolate was found, contrasting to a Val-489 in the VP2 of other strains.	Alanine	19-22	VP2	Canine parvovirus	101-104
16027151-11	2005	Ala substitution of these residues eliminated Ig5-FN1 polysialylation but not that of full-length NCAM, suggesting that the two proteins are interacting differently with the enzymes and that multiple residues are involved in the enzyme-NCAM interaction.	Alanine	0-3	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	236-240
24895325-4	2015	Mutation of a critical aspartate to alanine (D1046A) in the PTPRT catalytic domain inactivates phosphatase function but retains substrate binding.	Alanine	36-43	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, T	Mus musculus	60-65
15907195-8	2005	In a defined buffer system, PNUTS(309-691) also elicits decondensation in an exogenous PP1-dependent manner and, as in the cytosolic extract, a W401A (Thr401--&gt;Ala) mutation that destroys PP1 binding abolishes this activity.	Alanine	163-166	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 10	Homo sapiens	28-33
25635101-4	2015	We report crystal structures (at 1.8, 2.4, and 2.5 angstrom resolution) of TSPO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and a mutant that mimics the human Ala(147) Thr(147) polymorphism associated with psychiatric disorders and reduced pregnenolone production.	Alanine	144-147	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	75-79
16126914-1	2005	The proton-coupled amino acid transporter PAT1, cloned recently from brain and intestine, mediates the uphill transport of l- and d-proline, l-alanine, glycine, taurine, d-serine, GABA, and many other related compounds and drugs.	Alanine	141-150	solute carrier family 36 member 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
28509452-4	2015	We propose short peptides Lys-Glu, Lys-Glu-Asp, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly could influence on F11R gene expression that leads to recovery of JAM-A synthesis in cells.	Alanine	52-55	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
28509452-4	2015	We propose short peptides Lys-Glu, Lys-Glu-Asp, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly could influence on F11R gene expression that leads to recovery of JAM-A synthesis in cells.	Alanine	52-55	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	134-139
15927960-8	2005	Indeed, delta(389-418) carrying four lysine-to-alanine substitutions (delta(389-418) K387A/K428A/K442A/K445A) was as stable as delta(358-452) c-Myb.	Alanine	47-54	myeloblastosis oncogene	Mus musculus	142-147
25784778-6	2015	Our data indicated that the VDR p.Glicine (Gly)14 alanine (Ala) and p.histidine (His) 305 glutanine (Gln) genetic variants were statistically associated with adjusted femoral neck hip BMD, adjusted lumbar spine BMD, and adjusted total hip BMD (P values &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	59-62	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	28-31
15955806-5	2005	Using mutant forms of K(V)1.4 with Ala-Ser/Thr substitutions in a potential PKA phosphorylation site, C-terminal phosphorylation was shown to be linked to GIP-mediated current amplitude decreases.	Alanine	35-38	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	22-29
15741239-6	2005	L-Glycine or L-alanine mimicked the effect of glucose on basal leptin secretion but completely prevented stimulation by insulin.	Alanine	13-22	leptin	Homo sapiens	63-69
25961822-6	2015	Docking of AtPep1 to PEPR1 and filtering of the biologically relevant poses were facilitated by the computational Ala-scanning mutations and binding energy analysis of the peptide-protein complex.	Alanine	114-117	precursor of peptide 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-17
25414354-5	2014	Substitution of the C-terminal tryptophan with alanine in FAAP20 not only abolishes FAAP20-ubiquitin binding in vitro, but also causes profound cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslink lesions in vivo, highlighting the indispensable role of the C-terminal tail of FAAP20, beyond the compact zinc finger module, toward ubiquitin recognition and Fanconi anemia complex-mediated DNA interstrand crosslink repair.	Alanine	47-54	FA core complex associated protein 20	Homo sapiens	58-64
25414354-5	2014	Substitution of the C-terminal tryptophan with alanine in FAAP20 not only abolishes FAAP20-ubiquitin binding in vitro, but also causes profound cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslink lesions in vivo, highlighting the indispensable role of the C-terminal tail of FAAP20, beyond the compact zinc finger module, toward ubiquitin recognition and Fanconi anemia complex-mediated DNA interstrand crosslink repair.	Alanine	47-54	FA core complex associated protein 20	Homo sapiens	84-90
25414354-5	2014	Substitution of the C-terminal tryptophan with alanine in FAAP20 not only abolishes FAAP20-ubiquitin binding in vitro, but also causes profound cellular hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslink lesions in vivo, highlighting the indispensable role of the C-terminal tail of FAAP20, beyond the compact zinc finger module, toward ubiquitin recognition and Fanconi anemia complex-mediated DNA interstrand crosslink repair.	Alanine	47-54	FA core complex associated protein 20	Homo sapiens	84-90
15994556-8	2005	An MHC I molecule containing a single cysteine residue in an artificial glycine and alanine intracytoplasmic domain was endocytosed and degraded in the presence of MIR1.	Alanine	84-91	fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
25426938-3	2014	PLoS One 2012; 7: e51811) confirmed the dimerization of PAC1 and found that the M-PAC1 mutation in the N-terminal first Cys/Ala lost the ability to form dimers.	Alanine	124-127	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1	Mus musculus	82-86
15952796-7	2005	Replacing Ser(150) and Ser(476) with alanines reduced the inhibitory effect of human Grb10zeta on insulin-stimulated IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	37-45	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
25398027-0	2014	Identification of functionally important residues of the rat P2X4 receptor by alanine scanning mutagenesis of the dorsal fin and left flipper domains.	Alanine	78-85	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
25398027-3	2014	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the R203-L214 (dorsal fin) and the D280-N293 (left flipper) sequences of the rat P2X4 receptor showed that ATP potency/efficacy was reduced in 15 out of 26 alanine mutants.	Alanine	0-7	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
15969469-2	2005	In this study we characterised the laminin-binding site(s) of Pla via phage display and alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	88-95	plasminogen activator protease precursor	Yersinia pestis	62-65
25398027-3	2014	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the R203-L214 (dorsal fin) and the D280-N293 (left flipper) sequences of the rat P2X4 receptor showed that ATP potency/efficacy was reduced in 15 out of 26 alanine mutants.	Alanine	188-195	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
15961946-1	2005	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is caused by the deficiency of the liver enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase which results in increased synthesis and excretion of oxalate.	Alanine	100-107	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	47-50
25204653-7	2014	Mutation of the two C-terminal serine residues in MKP-1 and MKP-2 to alanine decreased their half-lives, while mutating these residues to aspartate dramatically increased their half-lives.	Alanine	69-76	dual specificity phosphatase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
25027037-7	2014	Critically, macrophages generated from mice in which the S727 residue was replaced with alanine (STAT1 S727A mice) display significantly reduced TNFalpha protein production, but not reduced interleukin-6 or RANTES protein in response to multiple TLR challenges, as compared with wild-type macrophages.	Alanine	88-95	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	97-102
15819625-4	2005	By alanine scanning mutagenesis of the entire RID we were able to identify nine residues critical for Opi1-dependent repression of Ino2 function.	Alanine	3-10	Ino2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-135
26309287-1	2014	Wild Mediterranean fruit fly specimens collected from various regions worldwide were screened for the glycine to alanine (Gly-&gt;Ala) point mutation (G328A) in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, presumably causing resistance to organophosphates.	Alanine	113-120	acetylcholinesterase-like	Ceratitis capitata	165-185
26309287-1	2014	Wild Mediterranean fruit fly specimens collected from various regions worldwide were screened for the glycine to alanine (Gly-&gt;Ala) point mutation (G328A) in the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, presumably causing resistance to organophosphates.	Alanine	130-133	acetylcholinesterase-like	Ceratitis capitata	165-185
15879716-6	2005	When we replaced the serine 2 and tyrosine 6 of this N-terminal motif with alanine, over-expression of the alanine-replaced BAF53 strongly impaired the growth of HEK293 cells whereas replacement with aspartate/glutamate had no effect.	Alanine	75-82	actin like 6A	Homo sapiens	124-129
15879716-6	2005	When we replaced the serine 2 and tyrosine 6 of this N-terminal motif with alanine, over-expression of the alanine-replaced BAF53 strongly impaired the growth of HEK293 cells whereas replacement with aspartate/glutamate had no effect.	Alanine	107-114	actin like 6A	Homo sapiens	124-129
25056926-5	2014	In this study, six conserved serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) sites of REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) were substituted with alanine (RGA6A) or aspartic acid (RGA6D) to mimic the states of constitutive de-phosphorylation and phosphorylation, respectively.	Alanine	114-121	GRAS family transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-85
25056926-5	2014	In this study, six conserved serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) sites of REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) were substituted with alanine (RGA6A) or aspartic acid (RGA6D) to mimic the states of constitutive de-phosphorylation and phosphorylation, respectively.	Alanine	114-121	GRAS family transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-90
15879716-7	2005	The alanine-replaced BAF53 mutants also stimulated p53-dependent transcription, in which the SWI/SNF and TRRAP complexes are involved.	Alanine	4-11	actin like 6A	Homo sapiens	21-26
15710380-4	2005	Changing them from Ser, Glu and Ser to Phe, Ala and Pro, respectively, transformed the nonapeptide into an excellent substrate for PKBalpha and RSK1.	Alanine	44-47	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A1	Homo sapiens	144-148
24874604-6	2014	Interestingly, mutation of this serine to alanine (S106A), a non-phosphorylatable analogue, greatly diminished the ability of Asef2 to activate Rac, while a phosphomimetic mutation (serine to aspartic acid, S106D) enhanced Rac activation.	Alanine	42-49	spermatogenesis associated 13	Homo sapiens	126-131
15650551-6	2005	PAI-1 gene analysis by polymerase chain reaction product sequencing revealed that the patient had a heterozygous missense mutation G to A transition at nucleotide position 4497 in exon 2, causing replacement of alanine 15 (GCC) to threonine (ACC) at signal peptide.	Alanine	211-218	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15644866-4	2005	At extracellular pH 5.5 (in Na(+)-free conditions) proline uptake was saturable (Km 172+/-41 muM), demonstrating that rPAT2 is, relative to PAT1, a high-affinity transporter.PAT2 preferred substrates are L-alpha-amino acids with small aliphatic side chains (e.g. the methyl group in alanine) and 4- or 5-membered heterocyclic amino and imino acids such as 2-azetidine-carboxylate, proline and cycloserine, where both D- and L-enantiomers are transported.	Alanine	283-290	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
24802248-6	2014	Integrin beta7 I domain exhibited a lower binding free energy for ligand after disrupting these hydrophobic contacts by substituting the hydrophobic residues with Ala.	Alanine	163-166	integrin subunit beta 7	Homo sapiens	0-14
15644866-4	2005	At extracellular pH 5.5 (in Na(+)-free conditions) proline uptake was saturable (Km 172+/-41 muM), demonstrating that rPAT2 is, relative to PAT1, a high-affinity transporter.PAT2 preferred substrates are L-alpha-amino acids with small aliphatic side chains (e.g. the methyl group in alanine) and 4- or 5-membered heterocyclic amino and imino acids such as 2-azetidine-carboxylate, proline and cycloserine, where both D- and L-enantiomers are transported.	Alanine	283-290	solute carrier family 36 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
24711004-6	2014	Replenishing IgM in IgM knockout mice or increasing the levels of IgM-ALA in wild-type B6 mice significantly attenuated the inflammation in both of these inflammatory models that involve IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Alanine	70-73	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	201-206
15768551-0	2005	Hb zoeterwoude [beta23(B5)Val-->Ala)]: a new beta-globin variant found in association with erythrocytosis.	Alanine	32-35	hemoglobin subunit beta	Homo sapiens	45-56
24723490-4	2014	When basic residues are mutated to alanine in the alpha4 subunit, surface expression of epitope-tagged delta subunits is increased.	Alanine	35-42	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
15513922-6	2004	Steady state kinetic analysis with wild type Msh2-Msh6, and with heterodimers containing subunit-specific Glu to Ala replacements inferred to inactivate the ATPase activity of either Msh2 or Msh6, suggest that cadmium inhibits ATP hydrolysis by Msh6 but not Msh2.	Alanine	113-116	mutS homolog 6	Homo sapiens	191-195
24690260-4	2014	We have generated mutants of the alpha1B adrenoceptor replacing the charged aspartate, D191, as well as a potential interaction partner, K331, with uncharged alanines to observe effects on ligand binding and receptor activation.	Alanine	158-166	adrenoceptor alpha 1B	Homo sapiens	33-53
15513922-6	2004	Steady state kinetic analysis with wild type Msh2-Msh6, and with heterodimers containing subunit-specific Glu to Ala replacements inferred to inactivate the ATPase activity of either Msh2 or Msh6, suggest that cadmium inhibits ATP hydrolysis by Msh6 but not Msh2.	Alanine	113-116	mutS homolog 6	Homo sapiens	191-195
15541302-4	2004	Alanine was inserted at six positions in the membrane anchor of cyt b5.	Alanine	0-7	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	64-70
24727527-1	2014	The adsorption mechanism of titanium-binding peptide (TBP) on metal oxide substrates was investigated by evaluating the adsorption behavior of ferritins with various alanine-substituted TBPs.	Alanine	166-173	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	28-52
24727527-1	2014	The adsorption mechanism of titanium-binding peptide (TBP) on metal oxide substrates was investigated by evaluating the adsorption behavior of ferritins with various alanine-substituted TBPs.	Alanine	166-173	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	54-57
24727527-4	2014	Alanine-substituted TBP with one positively charged amino acid (K) and one negatively charged amino acid (D), achieved ferritin-selective adsorption without a surfactant.	Alanine	0-7	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	20-23
24989301-2	2014	The binding ability of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase with RBC in different reaction buffer such as alanine solution, glycine solution, normal saline (0.9% NaCl), PBS, PCS was detected by Western blot.	Alanine	101-108	RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	60-63
24989301-3	2014	The results showed that the efficiency of A to O conversion in alanine solution was similar to that in glycine solution, and Western blot confirmed that most of enzymes blinded with RBC in glycine or alanine solution, but few enzymes blinded with RBC in PBS, PCS or normal saline.	Alanine	200-207	RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	182-185
15541302-6	2004	The ability of the alanine insertion mutants of cyt b5 to bind to cyt P450 2B4 was similar to that of the wild-type protein as was the ability of the mutant cyts b5 to stimulate the metabolism of the anesthetic, methoxyflurane.	Alanine	19-26	cytochrome b5 type A	Homo sapiens	48-54
24989301-4	2014	The evidences indicated that binding of enzyme with RBC was a key element for A to O blood group conversion, while the binding ability of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase with RBC in alanine or glycine solution was similar.	Alanine	182-189	RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	52-55
15542398-6	2004	Among SNPs tested, a significant preferential transmission of the Ala allele (41 transmissions vs. 17 nontransmissions, corrected P=0.031) of the Thr92Ala SNP within the DIO2 gene, encoding type II iodothyronine deiodinase, from parents to affected children was found in a Russian family data set.	Alanine	66-69	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	170-174
24989301-4	2014	The evidences indicated that binding of enzyme with RBC was a key element for A to O blood group conversion, while the binding ability of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase with RBC in alanine or glycine solution was similar.	Alanine	182-189	RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 263, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	175-178
15542398-6	2004	Among SNPs tested, a significant preferential transmission of the Ala allele (41 transmissions vs. 17 nontransmissions, corrected P=0.031) of the Thr92Ala SNP within the DIO2 gene, encoding type II iodothyronine deiodinase, from parents to affected children was found in a Russian family data set.	Alanine	66-69	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Homo sapiens	190-222
24859261-5	2014	We screened for suppressors of this swollen root phenotype and identified two mutations in the putative mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha homolog, IAA-Alanine Resistant 4 (IAR4).	Alanine	162-169	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	141-148
15319427-6	2004	We identified five residues conserved among the larger family of UBL-containing proteins and IKKbeta, and alanine scanning revealed that the leucine at position 353 (Leu(353)) is absolutely critical for IKKbeta-induced NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	106-113	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	203-210
24847715-6	2014	In contrast, two glutamic acid residues (E559 and E563) on each monomer are important for the dissociation of dimeric STAT1 from DNA and, when mutated to alanine, result in elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 as well as prolonged IFNgamma-stimulated nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	154-161	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	216-221
24644294-5	2014	Cleavage occurred between Pro-1244 and Ala-1245 within Reelin repeat 3.	Alanine	39-42	reelin	Homo sapiens	55-61
15481977-5	2004	On the basis of sequence comparison we mutated three Tyr residues of the putative P2Y1 binding pocket to Ala and Phe and characterized pharmacologically the mutant receptors expressed in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	105-108	purinergic receptor P2Y1	Homo sapiens	82-86
24599998-5	2014	Using in vitro assembly, alanine scanning mutagenesis, and biophysical analyses, we have further characterized the structure and function of SPA.	Alanine	25-32	surfactant protein A2	Homo sapiens	141-144
15297466-2	2004	To test whether this invariant structural feature determines alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, mouse cryptdin-4 (Crp4) tertiary structure was disrupted by pairs of site-directed Ala for Cys substitutions.	Alanine	182-185	defensin, alpha, 20	Mus musculus	105-115
24497630-9	2014	Consistent with its predicted role, gluconeogenesis rates from hepatocytes lacking PEPCK-M are severely reduced for lactate, alanine, and glutamine, but not for pyruvate and glycerol.	Alanine	125-132	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial)	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
24626927-3	2014	The crystal structure of the SET domain of the histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) in complex with a H3.1 peptide shows that ATXR5 contains a bipartite catalytic domain that specifically "reads" alanine-31 of H3.1.	Alanine	254-261	Histone superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	160-164
15201285-4	2004	Using N-terminal amino acid sequencing and mutational analysis, we identified that the autocatalytic cleavage site is the carboxyl side of alanine 133 of HtrA2/Omi, resulting in exposure of an inhibitor of apoptosis protein binding motif in its N terminus.	Alanine	139-146	HtrA serine peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	154-163
24626927-3	2014	The crystal structure of the SET domain of the histone H3 lysine-27 (H3K27) methyltransferase ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED PROTEIN 5 (ATXR5) in complex with a H3.1 peptide shows that ATXR5 contains a bipartite catalytic domain that specifically "reads" alanine-31 of H3.1.	Alanine	254-261	Histone superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	268-272
24709419-9	2014	Further, we identify two conserved proline (P) residues in UBCH5 critical for SMURF2 interaction; mutation of either of these P to alanine also destabilizes KRAS.	Alanine	131-138	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	157-161
24418548-5	2014	Substitution of the hydrophobic residues within the 65LRLFV69 patch to alanines, and not R66A mutation, disrupt the interactions between the 8E7 zinc-binding domain and Nup62 and Nup153 and consequently inhibit nuclear import of HPV8 E7.	Alanine	71-79	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	169-174
24418548-5	2014	Substitution of the hydrophobic residues within the 65LRLFV69 patch to alanines, and not R66A mutation, disrupt the interactions between the 8E7 zinc-binding domain and Nup62 and Nup153 and consequently inhibit nuclear import of HPV8 E7.	Alanine	71-79	nucleoporin 153	Homo sapiens	179-185
15279907-5	2004	Alanine substitution of the three basic residues present in the IL3-BXXBB (IL3-AXXAA mutant) yielded a &lt; or =60 kDa possibly under-glycosylated form of the FSHR, whereas the same substitutions in the Ctail resulted in the immature &gt;62 kDa form of the receptor; both AXXAA hFSHR mutants completely failed to bind agonist and activate effector.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	64-67
24870779-7	2014	Moreover, in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, Pheterogeneity=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/ Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, Pheterogeneity=0.75).	Alanine	90-93	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
24870779-7	2014	Moreover, in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, Pheterogeneity=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/ Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, Pheterogeneity=0.75).	Alanine	152-155	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
24870779-7	2014	Moreover, in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, Pheterogeneity=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/ Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, Pheterogeneity=0.75).	Alanine	152-155	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
24870779-7	2014	Moreover, in subgroup analyses by cancer types, a significant association between RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk was found (Ser vs Ala: OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.29-4.02, Pheterogeneity=0.61; Ser/Ser+Ala/ Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.33-4.42, Pheterogeneity=0.75).	Alanine	152-155	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	82-89
15279907-5	2004	Alanine substitution of the three basic residues present in the IL3-BXXBB (IL3-AXXAA mutant) yielded a &lt; or =60 kDa possibly under-glycosylated form of the FSHR, whereas the same substitutions in the Ctail resulted in the immature &gt;62 kDa form of the receptor; both AXXAA hFSHR mutants completely failed to bind agonist and activate effector.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	75-78
24870779-8	2014	In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, it was found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, Pheterogeneity=0.06) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.01-4.82, Pheterogeneity&lt;=0.001).	Alanine	78-81	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
24870779-8	2014	In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, it was found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, Pheterogeneity=0.06) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.01-4.82, Pheterogeneity&lt;=0.001).	Alanine	159-162	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
15328002-1	2004	Human histamine H1 receptor (H1R) contains five possible phosphorylation residues (Thr140, Thr142, Ser396, Ser398 and Thr478) and the substitution of all these five residues to alanine completely impairs agonist-induced receptor downregulation.	Alanine	177-184	histamine receptor H1	Homo sapiens	6-27
24870779-8	2014	In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, it was found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, Pheterogeneity=0.06) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.01-4.82, Pheterogeneity&lt;=0.001).	Alanine	159-162	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
24870779-8	2014	In addition, in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, it was found that the RASSF1A Ala133Ser polymorphism was associated with overall cancer risk in Asians (Ser vs Ala: OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77, Pheterogeneity=0.06) and Caucasians (Ser/Ser+Ala/Ser vs Ala/Ala: OR=2.21, 95% CI=1.01-4.82, Pheterogeneity&lt;=0.001).	Alanine	159-162	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
15328002-1	2004	Human histamine H1 receptor (H1R) contains five possible phosphorylation residues (Thr140, Thr142, Ser396, Ser398 and Thr478) and the substitution of all these five residues to alanine completely impairs agonist-induced receptor downregulation.	Alanine	177-184	histamine receptor H1	Homo sapiens	29-32
24274477-2	2014	In this paper, we describe another example, wherein a cyclodextrin glucanotransferase mutant (CGT-E284A) with an alanine residue at its general acid/base catalyst position (Glu284), was constructed.	Alanine	113-120	UDP glycosyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	94-97
15161926-4	2004	Here, we characterized the domains involved in FcgammaRI-periplakin interaction using truncated and alanine-substituted FcgammaRI mutants and randomly mutagenized periplakin.	Alanine	100-107	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	47-56
24274477-5	2014	Through a thin-layer chromatography-based screening process, two mutants were identified; (1) a mutant with a glycine residue at Glu284 (CGT-E284G) exhibiting improved transglycosylation activity compared with the original alanine mutant and (2) a mutant with a serine residue with residual hydrolytic activity.	Alanine	223-230	UDP glycosyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	137-140
2558727-3	1989	By directed mutagenesis of the gor gene, His-439 was changed to glutamine (H439Q) and alanine (H439A).	Alanine	86-93	REXO1 like 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	31-34
24142690-4	2013	Here, we generated knock-in mice expressing vimentin that have had the serine sites phosphorylated during mitosis substituted by alanine residues.	Alanine	129-136	vimentin	Mus musculus	44-52
15161926-4	2004	Here, we characterized the domains involved in FcgammaRI-periplakin interaction using truncated and alanine-substituted FcgammaRI mutants and randomly mutagenized periplakin.	Alanine	100-107	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	120-129
24091598-7	2013	Furthermore, experiments conducted with wild-type (WT) ezrin and a T567A (Ala substituted Thr) dephosphorylated mutant showed a decrease in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MRP2/ABCC2 in T567A-expressing vs. WT ezrin-expressing Caco-2 cells.	Alanine	74-77	ezrin	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
2768256-11	1989	Based on known tropoelastin sequences and the molecular weights of the discrete fragments, additional fragmentation of protropoelastin and/or tropoelastin most likely occurs at the lysine/alanine-enriched domains presumably involved in cross-link formation.	Alanine	188-195	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	122-134
24091598-7	2013	Furthermore, experiments conducted with wild-type (WT) ezrin and a T567A (Ala substituted Thr) dephosphorylated mutant showed a decrease in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MRP2/ABCC2 in T567A-expressing vs. WT ezrin-expressing Caco-2 cells.	Alanine	74-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
24091598-7	2013	Furthermore, experiments conducted with wild-type (WT) ezrin and a T567A (Ala substituted Thr) dephosphorylated mutant showed a decrease in membrane surface-localized and total expressed MRP2/ABCC2 in T567A-expressing vs. WT ezrin-expressing Caco-2 cells.	Alanine	74-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	192-197
15249229-4	2004	Since substitution of alanine for either Ser-483 or Asp-627 results in a loss of the PLA(2) activity, we propose that Ser-483 and Asp-627 of human iPLA(2)gamma constitute an active site similar to the Ser-Asp dyad in cPLA(2) and patatin.	Alanine	22-29	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 8	Homo sapiens	147-159
24232453-5	2013	Here we report that E199A (glutamic acid was replaced with alanine) of NR5A1 reduced, but not completely abolished, its SUMOylation level.	Alanine	59-66	nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	71-76
15257288-6	2004	Mutation of the catalytically essential residue Glu200 of MMP-1 to Ala resulted in a catalytically inactive enzyme, but in its presence noncollagenolytic proteinases digested collagen into typical 3/4 and 1/4 fragments, indicating that the MMP-1(E200A) mutant unwinds the triple-helical collagen.	Alanine	67-70	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
24043306-6	2013	Moreover, mutant Rac1 with the mutation of T108 to alanine (A) is not threonine phosphorylated in response to EGF.	Alanine	51-58	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
24055605-5	2013	HIV-1 escapes MxB restriction by mutating the alanine residue at position 88 in the viral capsid protein (CA), with a consequent loss of CA interaction with the host peptidylprolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA), suggesting a role for CypA in MxB restriction.	Alanine	46-53	MX dynamin like GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
2683784-5	1989	Sequences coding for the hydrophobic regions, responsible for the elastic properties of the molecule, and the alanine-lysine rich regions, responsible for crosslink formation between molecules, reside in separate exons and alternate for the most part in the elastin gene.	Alanine	110-117	elastin	Homo sapiens	258-265
2773932-0	1989	A high proportion of ADA point mutations associated with a specific alanine-to-valine substitution.	Alanine	68-75	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-24
2669516-3	1989	The amino acid sequence of this peptide is H-Gly-Asn-Trp-Ala-Ala-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 ([Ala6]GRP-10).	Alanine	57-60	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	92-98
24055605-5	2013	HIV-1 escapes MxB restriction by mutating the alanine residue at position 88 in the viral capsid protein (CA), with a consequent loss of CA interaction with the host peptidylprolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA), suggesting a role for CypA in MxB restriction.	Alanine	46-53	MX dynamin like GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	243-246
15131257-10	2004	The replacement of serines 179 and 230 by alanine residues reduces the phosphorylation of the PPARalpha protein.	Alanine	42-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-103
2471267-0	1989	High-resolution epitope mapping of hGH-receptor interactions by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	64-71	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	35-47
23322625-4	2013	Serine 383 phosphorylation appears to be important for polar localization of Elk-1, since exogenous protein including serine-to-alanine mutation was seen to be distributed throughout the spindle fibres.	Alanine	128-135	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	77-82
15300188-6	2004	Inhibition of LPS-neutralizing activity was seen in 9 peptides in which an alanine or norleucine was substituted for each of 4 of the basic residues and 1 hydrophobic residue from the LPS-binding region of BPI and 4 hydrophobic residues from the beta-turn-inducing regions flanking the LPS-binding region on the carboxy-terminal side.	Alanine	75-82	bactericidal permeability increasing protein	Homo sapiens	206-209
23979192-5	2013	We studied the biophysical properties of an Ala-to-Gly substitution (A1529G) in rat Nav1.4 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes alone or with a beta1 subunit.	Alanine	44-47	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
2754733-6	1989	All three regions contain three copies of a Ser-*-Ser-*-Ala motif, the most likely target for phosphorylation in paramyosin, suggesting that these regions may be modified by the same kinase.	Alanine	56-59	Paramyosin	Caenorhabditis elegans	113-123
15128734-4	2004	Substitution of the serine 667 amino acid residue of Daxx with alanine reduced the interaction with CRM1 during glucose deprivation, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Ser-667 is required for its binding to CRM1 and for its subsequent nuclear export.	Alanine	63-70	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
2928342-15	1989	Sequence information revealed that the carboxyl-terminal region of the NF-H peptide contained a unique serine-, proline-, alanine-, glutamic acid-, and lysine-rich repeat.	Alanine	122-129	neurofilament heavy chain	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
15128734-4	2004	Substitution of the serine 667 amino acid residue of Daxx with alanine reduced the interaction with CRM1 during glucose deprivation, suggesting that the phosphorylation of Ser-667 is required for its binding to CRM1 and for its subsequent nuclear export.	Alanine	63-70	exportin 1	Homo sapiens	211-215
15234468-5	2004	The enhancement of Slob kinase activity by PKAc pretreatment is eliminated when serine 54 in Slob is mutated to alanine (S54A).	Alanine	112-119	Slowpoke binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	19-23
2481875-2	1989	We have demonstrated that the major epitopes recognised by anti-RANA antibodies are represented by a synthetic peptide, P62, corresponding to part of the internal repeat sequence which contains only the amino acids glycine and alanine.	Alanine	227-234	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	120-123
3053963-8	1988	Amino acid comparison of MCSP-1 with four other reported serine proteases whose active site pocket residue is alanine revealed that MCSP-1 was substantially different from the other molecules, indicating that MCSP-1 may be a new member of mouse T cell serine protease family.	Alanine	110-117	complement component 1, s subcomponent 1	Mus musculus	57-72
24083404-3	2013	Why alanine-expanded PABPN1 leads to muscle-specific pathology is unknown.	Alanine	4-11	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	21-27
15234468-5	2004	The enhancement of Slob kinase activity by PKAc pretreatment is eliminated when serine 54 in Slob is mutated to alanine (S54A).	Alanine	112-119	Slowpoke binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	93-97
3049571-4	1988	The IBP (Cys-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Ser) binds specifically to insulin in a saturable manner with a Kd of 3 nM.	Alanine	25-28	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	4-7
15040788-2	2004	Bradykinin was released from these peptides by the mK1- and rK1-mediated hydrolysis of Arg-Arg and Arg-Ser (or Arg-Ala) peptide bonds.	Alanine	115-118	keratin 1	Mus musculus	51-54
23085750-8	2013	Site-directed mutagenesis of the candidate phosphorylation sites to alanines ("KLF6-4A" phosphomutant) eliminated a higher molecular weight phosphorylated isoform of KLF6 based on western blot.	Alanine	68-76	Kruppel like factor 6	Homo sapiens	79-83
23085750-8	2013	Site-directed mutagenesis of the candidate phosphorylation sites to alanines ("KLF6-4A" phosphomutant) eliminated a higher molecular weight phosphorylated isoform of KLF6 based on western blot.	Alanine	68-76	Kruppel like factor 6	Homo sapiens	166-170
15135045-0	2004	Mapping of the insulin-like growth factor II binding site of the Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	111-118	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-44
24498831-2	2013	Furthermore, an alanine/valine (Ala/Val) gene polymorphism at 222nd amino acid of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been considered as a factor that could render this enzyme thermolabile and less active which in turn may yield a subsequent increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.	Alanine	16-23	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	82-122
24498831-2	2013	Furthermore, an alanine/valine (Ala/Val) gene polymorphism at 222nd amino acid of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been considered as a factor that could render this enzyme thermolabile and less active which in turn may yield a subsequent increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.	Alanine	16-23	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	124-129
24498831-2	2013	Furthermore, an alanine/valine (Ala/Val) gene polymorphism at 222nd amino acid of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been considered as a factor that could render this enzyme thermolabile and less active which in turn may yield a subsequent increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.	Alanine	32-35	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	82-122
3171350-7	1988	The cystic fibrosis AA protein represents a product of the SAA-specific cDNA clone now known to be the alpha-allelic form of SAA1 in which valine is present at position 52 and alanine is at position 57.	Alanine	176-183	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	59-62
24498831-2	2013	Furthermore, an alanine/valine (Ala/Val) gene polymorphism at 222nd amino acid of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been considered as a factor that could render this enzyme thermolabile and less active which in turn may yield a subsequent increase in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels.	Alanine	32-35	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	124-129
15053872-5	2004	Mutations that disrupt the interface inhibit MVB sorting, and the structure also explains how the TSG101 UEV can independently bind its ubiquitin and Pro-Thr/Ser-Ala-Pro peptide ligands.	Alanine	162-165	tumor susceptibility 101	Homo sapiens	98-104
23748432-4	2013	Focus formation by Eno2p was inhibited temperature independently by the addition of cycloheximide or rapamycin or by the single substitution of alanine for the Val22 residue.	Alanine	144-151	phosphopyruvate hydratase ENO2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-24
2459088-5	1988	By comparison with published DQ chain amino acid sequences of some stimulating cells able or not to induce a response in these clones, evidence was obtained that Ala at position 57 on the DQ beta chain is most probably involved in the epitope.	Alanine	162-165	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	188-195
15009215-4	2004	Using a collection of 21 clustered alanine-substitution mutations in emerin, the residues required for binding to Btf mapped to two regions of emerin that flank its lamin-binding domain.	Alanine	35-42	emerin	Homo sapiens	69-75
3126084-1	1988	To test the hypothesis that histidine 64 in carbonic anhydrase II has a crucial role as a "proton shuttle group" during catalysis of CO2-HCO3- interconversion, this residue was replaced by lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid and alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	226-233	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	44-65
3122758-2	1988	The nucleolytic activity of the Ala 46 mutant enzyme against pGpC decreased to 0.4% of that of the wild-type enzyme, on the other hand its activity against pApC increased.	Alanine	32-35	protocadherin 8	Homo sapiens	156-160
23874410-3	2013	In combination with experimental alanine scanning mutagenesis data, computational approaches were further used to obtain a reasonable TPNQ toxin-rKir1.1 channel complex structure, which was completely different from the known binding modes between animal toxins and potassium channels.	Alanine	33-40	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-152
14610091-3	2004	MTF-1 proteins containing two Cys--&gt;Ala substitutions (C632A/C634A) or a deletion in this region altogether (Delta(632-644)) are significantly impaired in their ability to induce Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-responsive transcription of a MRE-linked reporter gene in transiently transfected mouse dko7 (MTF-1-/-) cells in culture under moderate metal stress but retain the ability to drive basal levels of transcription in a MRE-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro.	Alanine	39-42	metal response element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	0-5
23651081-8	2013	For the DJ-1d enzyme, the residues, Cys120/313 and Glu19/212 at the active site and His121/314 and Glu94/287 at the oligomeric interface were mutated to alanines.	Alanine	153-161	Class I glutamine amidotransferase-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-13
15036367-3	2004	The occurrence of scrapie in sheep is influenced by polymorphisms in the PrP gene; in particular, three codons (136, 154 and 171) are important in conditioning the susceptibility/resistance of sheep to the disease, with the Val/Val(136) Arg/Arg(154) Gln/Gln(171) genotype being the most susceptible and the Ala/Ala(136) Arg/Arg(154) Arg/Arg(171), the most resistant one.	Alanine	307-310	major prion protein	Ovis aries	73-76
2840976-2	1988	The resultant mutant cDNA encoded a protein with the structure: pre-peptide B chain--Arg-Arg-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu-Gln-Lys-Arg-A chain.	Alanine	97-100	N-acetylglutamate synthase	Homo sapiens	85-90
15036367-3	2004	The occurrence of scrapie in sheep is influenced by polymorphisms in the PrP gene; in particular, three codons (136, 154 and 171) are important in conditioning the susceptibility/resistance of sheep to the disease, with the Val/Val(136) Arg/Arg(154) Gln/Gln(171) genotype being the most susceptible and the Ala/Ala(136) Arg/Arg(154) Arg/Arg(171), the most resistant one.	Alanine	311-314	major prion protein	Ovis aries	73-76
23673331-5	2013	SAS-6 mutants with alanine substitutions in a previously described ZYG-1 target site or in 37 other residues, either phosphorylated by ZYG-1 in vitro or conserved in closely related nematodes, all supported cartwheel assembly.	Alanine	19-26	SAS-6 centriolar assembly protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
14607835-7	2004	To overcome this protective mechanism, we introduced alanine substitutions at four phosphorylation/inactivation sites in 4EBP1 to constitutively activate a 4EBP mu to block eIF4E.	Alanine	53-60	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
23396970-7	2013	In addition, mutagenesis of the active site Ser residue to Ala (S119A), which renders catalytic inactivation of APT1, also increased its membrane localization.	Alanine	59-62	lysophospholipase 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
14551186-7	2004	Analysis of selected alanine substitution mutants of human CD1b known to inhibit antigen presentation showed that NBD-labeled lipid probe binding could be used to distinguish mutations that interfere with ligand binding from those that affect T cell receptor docking.	Alanine	21-28	CD1b molecule	Homo sapiens	59-63
23416073-6	2013	Indeed, cyclin B1-Cdk1 effectively phosphorylated MPP8 in vitro and on STA mutant of MPP8 (all possible sites phosphorylated by Cdk were substituted by alanine) failed to dissociate from chromatin during early mitosis.	Alanine	152-159	M-phase phosphoprotein 8	Homo sapiens	50-54
23416073-6	2013	Indeed, cyclin B1-Cdk1 effectively phosphorylated MPP8 in vitro and on STA mutant of MPP8 (all possible sites phosphorylated by Cdk were substituted by alanine) failed to dissociate from chromatin during early mitosis.	Alanine	152-159	M-phase phosphoprotein 8	Homo sapiens	85-89
23390294-5	2013	Using IL-27 alanine mutants, we observed that the p28 polyglutamic acid domain confers HA- and bone-binding properties to IL-27 in vitro and bone tropism in vivo.	Alanine	12-19	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
3435452-3	1987	Secreted mucin (SM) differed from intracellular mucin (IM) by having a higher proportion of "minor" mucin amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine) and a lower proportion of "major" amino acids (serine, proline and threonine).	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
3651258-0	1987	[Effects of met-enkephalin on the transfer of C14 from alanine-C14 to glucose in the normal rat].	Alanine	55-62	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
3651258-0	1987	[Effects of met-enkephalin on the transfer of C14 from alanine-C14 to glucose in the normal rat].	Alanine	55-62	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
14662737-5	2004	[Ala(11,22,28)]-VIP, a VPAC(1) agonist, showed inconsistent relaxations.	Alanine	1-4	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	16-19
23287645-3	2013	This mutation results in addition of an extra alanine residue at the amino-acid position number 304 of prolidase peptide.	Alanine	46-53	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	103-112
22974427-8	2013	CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Bak LS or Bak/Mcl-1 LS ratio may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT.	Alanine	164-167	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
22974427-8	2013	CONCLUSION: We conclude that the Bak LS or Bak/Mcl-1 LS ratio may be a useful biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of OVH and OL lesions treated with topical ALA-PDT.	Alanine	164-167	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
14756785-2	2004	Here we show by direct mass spectrometry analysis that Sic1, but not a mutant protein whose CK2 phospho-acceptor site has been mutated to alanine, Sic1S201A, is actually phosphorylated in vitro by CK2 on Serine 201.	Alanine	138-145	cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibiting protein SIC1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
23408788-5	2013	Ser(780) in the Kex2p C-tail is crucial for binding: an Ala substitution blocks but an Asp substitution permits binding.	Alanine	56-59	kexin KEX2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-21
23408788-6	2013	Biochemical assays using purified Gga2p VHS-GGA and TOM1 (GAT) and glutathione S-transferase-Kex2p C-tail fusions show that Gga2p binds directly to the Kex2p C-tail, with relative affinities Asp(780) &gt; Ser(780) &gt; Ala(780).	Alanine	219-222	kexin KEX2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	152-157
3815338-3	1987	Transport of melphalan by BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts was mediated by the two amino acid transport systems, the DL-beta-2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid-sensitive sodium-independent system preferring leucine as substrate and the sodium-dependent system preferring alanine, serine, and cysteine as substrates.	Alanine	273-280	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	110-116
14691230-5	2004	Individual Asn--&gt;Ala point mutants were introduced at the nine glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain of DPPIV (residues 39-766).	Alanine	20-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
2950089-10	1987	In N protein, as well as in oxidized insulin B chain and glucagon, Lon protease preferentially cut at bonds at which the carboxy group was contributed by an amino acid with an aliphatic side chain (leucine or alanine).	Alanine	209-216	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	67-70
23022490-2	2013	The CcP variants have Arg48, Trp51, and His52 mutated to either all alanines, CcP(triAla), all valines, CcP(triVal), or all leucines, CcP(triLeu).	Alanine	68-76	cytochrome-c peroxidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-7
14551205-5	2003	Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70S6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex.	Alanine	14-21	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	45-70
23174349-7	2013	The binding study revealed that out of all analogs tested, [Ala(68,86)]CART(61-102), which contains two disulfide bridges (positions 74-94 and 88-101), preserved a high affinity to both native PC12 cells and those that had been differentiated into neurons.	Alanine	60-63	CART prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
14665469-6	2003	The analysis of GFP-tagged mutant variants of Cdr1p revealed that a conserved F774, in predicted transmembrane segment 6, when changed to alanine showed increased binding of both photoaffinity analogues, while its deletion (DeltaF774), as revealed by confocal microscopic analyses, led to mislocalization of the protein.	Alanine	138-145	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
23326474-6	2013	14-3-3epsilon binds to Cdc25B-WT, which was abrogated when Ser321 of Cdc25B was mutated to Ala.	Alanine	91-94	cell division cycle 25B	Mus musculus	23-29
23326474-6	2013	14-3-3epsilon binds to Cdc25B-WT, which was abrogated when Ser321 of Cdc25B was mutated to Ala.	Alanine	91-94	cell division cycle 25B	Mus musculus	69-75
3806099-3	1986	The reaction follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with kcat values of 68, 9.0, and 3.7 sec-1 and Km values of 0.83, 0.81, and 0.53 mM for Z-Glu-Phe(= S)-Phe, Z-Gly-Ala(= S)-Phe, and Z-Phe(= S)-Phe, respectively.	Alanine	161-164	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	84-89
14645919-5	2003	In addition, overexpression of cdc2 in mammalian cells caused a significant increase in the phosphorylation of EBNA-LP, while this increased phosphorylation was eliminated if Ser-35 of EBNA-LP was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	211-218	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
3771096-2	1986	Since this derivative is stable in trifluoroacetic acid:CH2 Cl2 (1:1) and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, Boc-Cys(Npys) could be used directly in solid phase synthesis of the 14-peptide acetyl-Cys(Npys)-Gly-Glu-Gln-Gln-His-His-Pro-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ala-Lys-G ln-Ala-amide.	Alanine	240-243	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	103-106
3888672-4	1985	Replacement of the alanine at this site by a threonine or valine residue results in lower binding constants with Phe-tRNA and Tyr-tRNA, as was evaluated by the hydrolysis protection technique.	Alanine	19-26	tRNA-Tyr (anticodon GTA) 7-1	Homo sapiens	126-134
23853598-5	2013	An analysis of alanine-scanning substitutions identified residues throughout the N-terminal, globular core and flexible loop regions of Nef that were required for tetherin antagonism.	Alanine	15-22	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	163-171
14664713-2	2003	Here, we report two novel Ala(8)-substituted analogues of GLP-1, (Abu(8))GLP-1 and (Val(8))GLP-1 which were completely resistant to inactivation by DPP IV or human plasma.	Alanine	26-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
22992775-1	2012	The methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism causes an amino-acid change from alanine to valine and results in the enzyme becoming thermolabile and half decreased activity.	Alanine	104-111	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	4-43
14612405-2	2003	We generated by gene targeting a single codon mutation in Ets2 substituting Ala for the critical Thr-72 phosphorylation site (Ets2A72), to investigate the importance of MAP kinase activation of Ets2 in embryo and tumor development.	Alanine	76-79	E26 avian leukemia oncogene 2, 3' domain	Mus musculus	58-62
22992775-1	2012	The methylenetetrahydrofolic acid reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism causes an amino-acid change from alanine to valine and results in the enzyme becoming thermolabile and half decreased activity.	Alanine	104-111	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	45-50
22992729-5	2012	We demonstrate that a single cysteine-to-alanine substitution at extracellular residue Cys-26, located within the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, abolishes the covalent linkage between alpha and beta2 subunits.	Alanine	41-48	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	191-196
2981091-2	1985	The EBNA protein contains a unique glycine-alanine repeating sequence.	Alanine	43-50	EBNA	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	4-8
22743332-8	2012	Inhibition of Chk1 kinase by UCN-01 or expression of Chk1 phosphorylation mutants in which the serine residues were substituted with alanine residues abrogates BRCA1-dependent cell cycle arrest in response replication inhibition.	Alanine	133-140	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	160-165
14596681-5	2003	Mutation of the Ser203 residue in SF-1 to Ala blocked basal transactivation of alphaGSU promoter activity, and halved the forskolin effect.	Alanine	42-45	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
14557665-4	2003	Mutation of three potential phosphorylation sites (S489/490 and T494 to alanine) within the E1B 55-kDa protein did not affect its interaction with Daxx, although such mutations were previously shown to inhibit E1B"s ability to repress p53-dependent transcription and to enhance transformation.	Alanine	72-79	small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A	Homo sapiens	92-95
23002040-3	2012	Mutation to Ala of E409 at the junction with the transmembrane domain was the most potent in uncoupling TSH binding and signal transduction (~22-fold less sensitive than the wild-type TSHR) and was unique among the residues studied in reducing both the amplitude and the sensitivity of the ligand-induced signal.	Alanine	12-15	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	184-188
22736769-8	2012	Receptor-mediated (125)I-CXCL12 uptake and release of (125)I-CXCL12 degradation products were accelerated with receptors bearing the CXCR7 C terminus and impaired after conversion of CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine residues into alanines.	Alanine	231-239	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	133-138
22736769-8	2012	Receptor-mediated (125)I-CXCL12 uptake and release of (125)I-CXCL12 degradation products were accelerated with receptors bearing the CXCR7 C terminus and impaired after conversion of CXCR7 C-terminal serine/threonine residues into alanines.	Alanine	231-239	atypical chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	183-188
6189919-6	1983	T-cells from mice that were tolerized with a truncated peptide 139-153 (having deletions at Tyr-151 and Ala-144) and subsequently immunized with Mb proliferated in vitro to Mb and to peptides 132-153, 135-153 and 143-153.	Alanine	104-107	myoglobin	Mus musculus	145-147
12904306-6	2003	Under conditions of G1 blockade, p27Kip1 was stabilized by inhibition of CRM1-dependent nuclear export with leptomycin B or by mutation of p27Kip1 (Ser10 --&gt; Ala; S10A) interfering with CRM1/p27Kip1 interaction.	Alanine	161-164	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	33-40
6857231-3	1983	N-terminal amino acid residues of Gp1 are glycine and alanine, and that of Gp2 is glycine.	Alanine	54-61	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
22868773-1	2012	The crystal structure of the PNA (peptide nucleic acid) oligomer H-Lys-HalG-AlaG-HalC-AlaG-HalC-AlaC-Lys-NH(2) (PNA1, amino acids with D-configuration are underlined, Ala = alanyl, Hal = homoalanyl) has been determined by ab initio direct methods and refined against 1.0 A data.	Alanine	76-79	histidine ammonia-lyase	Homo sapiens	71-74
12904306-6	2003	Under conditions of G1 blockade, p27Kip1 was stabilized by inhibition of CRM1-dependent nuclear export with leptomycin B or by mutation of p27Kip1 (Ser10 --&gt; Ala; S10A) interfering with CRM1/p27Kip1 interaction.	Alanine	161-164	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	139-146
6831239-6	1983	The activity of this system which transported alanine, serine, cysteine and threonine, decreased during development and it had many of the characteristics of the ASC system described by Christensen.	Alanine	46-53	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
12904306-6	2003	Under conditions of G1 blockade, p27Kip1 was stabilized by inhibition of CRM1-dependent nuclear export with leptomycin B or by mutation of p27Kip1 (Ser10 --&gt; Ala; S10A) interfering with CRM1/p27Kip1 interaction.	Alanine	161-164	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	139-146
12815057-6	2003	Furthermore, individually mutating hSpry2 residues 52-59 to alanine indicated a tight correlation between their affinity for c-Cbl binding and their inhibition of ERK2 activity in the FGFR pathway.	Alanine	60-67	Cbl proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	125-130
6189862-1	1983	The regions of the somatostatin (SRIF) molecule recognized by five antisera were systematically studied using three radioligands (125I-N-Tyr-SRIF, [125I-Tyr1]-SRIF and [125I-Tyr11]- SRIF) and SRIF analogs containing sequential substitutions with alanine or tyrosine.	Alanine	246-253	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	19-31
6818840-7	1982	Since transport together with Na (increasing the Na influx) generally is much more important for cellular uptake of neutral than of basic amino acids, the possibility is discussed that L-alanine here might have caused AVP release by increasing transmembrane Na transport of juxtacerebroventricular Na sensors regulating the AVP secretion--a suggestion supported by the lack of response to the basic L-lysine.	Alanine	185-194	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Capra hircus	218-221
22537078-4	2012	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified L(11) and I(12) of PTR2 to be essential for TP targeting, while only one acidic amino acid at position 5, 6 or 7 was required, revealing a dileucine (LL or LI) motif with at least one upstream acidic residue.	Alanine	0-7	peptide transporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
12907731-1	2003	The role of cysteine sulfhydryl residues on the RNA binding activity of human thymidylate synthase (TS) was investigated by mutating each cysteine residue on human TS to a corresponding alanine residue.	Alanine	186-193	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	78-98
22522127-10	2012	Mutation of Y34 to alanine in GSTO2-2 eliminates DHAR activity.	Alanine	19-26	glutathione S-transferase omega 2	Homo sapiens	30-37
6818840-7	1982	Since transport together with Na (increasing the Na influx) generally is much more important for cellular uptake of neutral than of basic amino acids, the possibility is discussed that L-alanine here might have caused AVP release by increasing transmembrane Na transport of juxtacerebroventricular Na sensors regulating the AVP secretion--a suggestion supported by the lack of response to the basic L-lysine.	Alanine	185-194	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Capra hircus	324-327
7332538-14	1981	A pathway involving alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle is proposed for the conversion of alanine into glutamine.	Alanine	20-27	pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	117-137
23723037-2	2012	CCHS is characterized by lack of ventilatory chemosensitivity caused by PHOX2B gene abnormalities consisting mainly of alanine expansions.	Alanine	119-126	paired-like homeobox 2b	Mus musculus	72-78
12907731-1	2003	The role of cysteine sulfhydryl residues on the RNA binding activity of human thymidylate synthase (TS) was investigated by mutating each cysteine residue on human TS to a corresponding alanine residue.	Alanine	186-193	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	100-102
12873148-0	2003	A peptide motif consisting of glycine, alanine, and valine is required for the fibrillization and cytotoxicity of human alpha-synuclein.	Alanine	39-46	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	120-135
22454528-6	2012	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region in full-length ABCC2 further narrowed down the apical targeting determinant to five amino acids, S(283)QDAL(287).	Alanine	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
6800599-0	1981	[Structural analysis of a new slow migration variant of hemoglobin---Hb Duan (alpha 75(EF4)Asp leads to Ala) (author"s transl)].	Alanine	104-107	GTP binding elongation factor GUF1	Homo sapiens	87-90
12736268-3	2003	NMR spectra of the alanine residues in the vicinity of the beta5/beta6 loop in the PH domain revealed changes in local conformations due to the membrane localization of the protein.	Alanine	19-26	adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	59-70
7243744-2	1981	We have verified that the latter two are the G gamma and A gamma globin chains which have respectively glycine or alanine at position 136.	Alanine	114-121	hemoglobin subunit gamma 1	Homo sapiens	45-71
22498660-1	2012	In this study, we investigated the effects of single alanine substitutions of amino acid residues in the supposed ATP binding site of the human P2X3 receptor on the agonistic effect of nucleotide analogs.	Alanine	53-60	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3a	Danio rerio	144-148
22458656-2	2012	In addition to cognate proline, prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) can activate cysteine and alanine and misacylate tRNA(Pro).	Alanine	89-96	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	32-54
22458656-2	2012	In addition to cognate proline, prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) can activate cysteine and alanine and misacylate tRNA(Pro).	Alanine	89-96	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
12740388-7	2003	Alanine 72 of Nedd8 is a critical specificity determinant for AppBp1-Uba3 binding because 125I-UbR72L undergoes heterodimer-catalyzed hyperbolic HsUbc12 transthiolation and yields Km = 20 +/- 9 microm and kcat = 0.9 +/- 0.3 s-1.	Alanine	0-7	NEDD8 activating enzyme E1 subunit 1	Homo sapiens	62-68
22458656-4	2012	An editing domain (INS) appended to bacterial ProRS selectively hydrolyzes Ala-tRNA(Pro), whereas Cys-tRNA(Pro) is cleared by a freestanding editing domain, YbaK, through a unique mechanism involving substrate sulfhydryl chemistry.	Alanine	75-78	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
12697028-7	2003	Catalytically competent IA-2 and IA-2beta species were generated by "back-mutation" of only three key residues (equivalent to Tyr(46), Asp(181) and Ala(217) using the human PTP1B numbering) to those of PTP1B.	Alanine	148-151	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N2	Homo sapiens	33-41
22487722-8	2012	Additionally, a structure-based alanine-scanning approach in which mutations were clustered based on proximitiy was performed on the p35 subunit.	Alanine	32-39	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	133-136
6968751-3	1980	The porcine C3a octapeptide is 3 times more active than the common pentapeptide, but the human octapeptide (Ala(70)-Ser-His-Leu(73)-Gly-Leu(75)-Ala-Arg(77) is 12 times more active than the pentapeptide.	Alanine	108-111	complement C3	Homo sapiens	12-15
12755701-8	2003	A "bipartite" binding site for YT521-B in emerin was identified using alanine substitution or disease-associated mutations in emerin.	Alanine	70-77	emerin	Homo sapiens	42-48
7370278-5	1980	Thrombin and Factor Xa may possess a hydrophobic region near the P2 binding site which is unfavourable for either asparagine or D-alanine but which readily accommodates glycine, L-alanine or L-phenylalanine.	Alanine	178-187	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	0-8
22496444-5	2012	We analyzed alanine substitutions at 13 individual amino acids in FBF-2, each identified via its conservation.	Alanine	12-19	Fem-3 mRNA-binding factor 2	Caenorhabditis elegans	66-71
22486179-1	2012	We use a host-guest approach to evaluate the effect of Trp guest residues relative to Ala on the kinetics and thermodynamics of formation of His-heme loops in the denatured state of iso-1-cytochrome c at 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl).	Alanine	86-89	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	182-187
12601009-4	2003	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the Ig-like domain, we mapped a LIF binding site at its carboxyl terminus, mainly involving residue Phe-328.	Alanine	6-13	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	70-73
22486179-2	2012	Trp guest residues are inserted into an alanine-rich segment placed after a unique His near the N-terminus of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	40-47	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
12529246-4	2003	Directed by initial deletion mutagenesis studies of the NH(2)-terminal cytoplasmic domain, an alanine scan of AE2 amino acids 336-347 identified residues whose individual mutation abolished or severely attenuated sensitivity to both or only one activating stimulus.	Alanine	94-101	solute carrier family 4 member 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
22357273-4	2012	The dileucine motifs were also required for proper cytoplasmic localization of VP22 itself and for optimal expression of viral proteins VP16, VP22, ICP0, UL41, and glycoprotein B. Interestingly, a recombinant mutant virus with alanines substituted for the dileucines at amino acids 251 and 252 had a 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) for neurovirulence in mice following intracerebral inoculation about 10(3)-fold lower than the LD(50) of the repaired virus.	Alanine	227-235	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	136-140
620450-3	1978	The alanine content was slightly higher in CNF, but no differences were found in the contents of the other amino acids or carbohydrates.	Alanine	4-11	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	43-46
12586837-4	2003	MMP-26 was capable of activating pro-MMP-9 by cleavage at the Ala(93)-Met(94) site of the prepro-enzyme.	Alanine	62-65	matrix metallopeptidase 26	Homo sapiens	0-6
17398-8	1977	The N-terminal amino acid in carboxypeptidase B1 and B2 is alanine.	Alanine	59-66	carboxypeptidase B1	Homo sapiens	29-48
22456510-8	2012	A Rad18 mutant harboring a Ser   Ala substitution at S409 was compromised for Poleta association and did not redistribute Poleta to nuclear foci or promote Poleta-PCNA interaction efficiently relative to wild-type Rad18.	Alanine	33-36	RAD18 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	2-7
22362770-6	2012	Alanine substitutions at positions Pro-113 Thr-115, Gly-117, Glu-122, and also Gln-109 enhanced the EphA2 receptor down-regulation and decreased p-ERK and p-AKT.	Alanine	0-7	EPH receptor A2	Homo sapiens	100-105
12706825-2	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis of Tyr(613) (EP24.16) or Tyr(612) (EP24.15) to either Phe or Ala promoted a strong reduction of k(cat)/K(M) for both enzymes.	Alanine	87-90	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	39-46
896709-0	1977	[Hemoglobin Volga beta 27 (B9) alanine substituted for aspartic acid (new anomalous hemoglobin with expressed instability)].	Alanine	31-38	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3	Homo sapiens	1-29
22768954-4	2012	Previous work on a set of iso-1-cytochrome c variants with (AAAAAK)(n) inserts gave nu(3) = 2.2 for alanine-rich sequences in both 3.0 and 6.0 M GdnHCl.	Alanine	100-107	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
12556450-7	2003	Taken together, our results indicate that Ala-483 lies at or near an important functional site of NKCC1 and that the exposure of this site to the extracellular medium is dependent on the conformation of the transporter.	Alanine	42-45	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Homo sapiens	98-103
22514805-0	2004	(99m)Tc-Labeled, PEGylated (N(alpha)His)Ac-beta(3)hLys-betaAla-betaAla-Gln(7)-Trp(8)-Ala(9)-Val(10)-Gly(11)-His(12)-Cha(13)-Nle(14)-NH2 The (99m)Tc-labeled, PEGylated (N(alpha)His)Ac-beta(3)hLys-betaAla-betaAla-Gln(7)-Trp(8)-Ala(9)-Val(10)-Gly(11)-His(12)-Cha(13)-Nle(14)-NH2 (Lys-BN), abbreviated as (99m)Tc-PEGx-Lys-BN (x = 5, 10, and 20 kDa), are PEGylated bombesin (BN) analogs that were synthesized by Dapp et al.	Alanine	59-62	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	360-368
6489-8	1976	CFI preparations readily hydrolyzed the peptide Arg-Phe-Ala.	Alanine	56-59	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	0-3
12660173-6	2003	Substitution of S695 to alanine impaired efficient downregulation of Tlk1 after DNA damage.	Alanine	24-31	tousled like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
962900-0	1976	AMP-aminohydrolase of human skeletal muscle: the inhibitory effect of alanine.	Alanine	70-77	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Homo sapiens	0-18
22531928-4	2012	Here, we evaluated hematopoietic activities of RUNX1 mutants with serine (S)/threonine (T) to alanine (A), aspartic acid (D), or glutamic acid (E) mutations at phosphorylation sites using primary culture systems.	Alanine	94-101	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	47-52
22357615-6	2012	Rnd1 and Rnd3, but not Rnd2, have a KERRA (Lys-Glu-Arg-Arg-Ala) sequence of amino acids in their N-terminus, which functions as the lipid raft-targeting determinant.	Alanine	59-62	Rho family GTPase 3	Homo sapiens	9-13
22140117-5	2012	When this interaction was interrupted by alanine substitutions of the conserved interacting residues, the corresponding yeast Cdt1 and Mcm6 mutants were defective in DNA replication and the chromatin loading of Mcm2, resulting in cell death.	Alanine	41-48	MCM DNA helicase complex subunit MCM6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	135-139
12943190-6	2003	Alanine or D-isomer substitutions in UII(4-11) or in UII(4-11)-NH2, respectively, showed a good correlation with the results obtained for UII-NH2.	Alanine	0-7	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	37-40
22068704-4	2012	In the new assay, the UNAM product of the MurB reaction is ligated to L-alanine by the next enzyme in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway, MurC, resulting in hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).	Alanine	70-79	caveolae associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
1200153-7	1975	Insulin, on the other hand, appeared to have a lipogenic effect on adipose tissue and to stimulate directly the uptake of valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, lysine, and alanine only at extrahepatic sites.	Alanine	173-180	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	0-7
12943190-6	2003	Alanine or D-isomer substitutions in UII(4-11) or in UII(4-11)-NH2, respectively, showed a good correlation with the results obtained for UII-NH2.	Alanine	0-7	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
12943190-6	2003	Alanine or D-isomer substitutions in UII(4-11) or in UII(4-11)-NH2, respectively, showed a good correlation with the results obtained for UII-NH2.	Alanine	0-7	urotensin 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
12686604-6	2003	Desmin mutants, in which in vitro phosphorylation sites by Aurora-B and/or Rho-kinase are changed to Ala or Gly, cause dramatic defects in filament separation between daughter cells in cytokinesis.	Alanine	101-104	desmin	Homo sapiens	0-6
2155-11	1975	It was concluded that: (a) the alanine aminotransferase and the glutamine synthetase pathways respectively were responsible for 80% of the alanine and glutamine released into the circulation by the extrasplanchnic tissues, and extrahepatic proteolysis could account for a maximum of 20%; (b) alanine formation by the peripheral tissues was dependent on availability of pyruvate and not of glutamate; (c) glutamate availability could influence glutamine formation subject, possibly, to renal control.	Alanine	139-146	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	64-84
22118475-6	2012	By alanine scanning mutagenesis, two point mutations that disrupt nectin-1 ectodomain cleavage events were identified.	Alanine	3-10	nectin cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-74
12628383-3	2003	Approximately 80% of the amino acids in BMCPA were composed of Ser, Ala, Gly, Pro, Val and Tyr.	Alanine	68-71	cuticular protein glycine-rich 4	Bombyx mori	40-45
21987098-0	2012	Alanine substitution scanning of pannexin1 reveals amino acid residues mediating ATP sensitivity.	Alanine	0-7	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	33-42
21987098-5	2012	The inhibitory effect of ATP is largely decreased when R75 in the first extracellular loop of Pannexin1 is mutated to alanine, indicating that ATP regulates this channel presumably through binding.	Alanine	118-125	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	94-103
21987098-6	2012	To further investigate the structural property of the putative ATP binding site, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the extracellular loops of pannexin1.	Alanine	94-101	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	153-162
4855125-5	1974	For the different species studied, a relationship was found between the extent to which the dicarboxylic amino acids were transaminated to alanine and the total amount of GPT found in other studies to be present in the intestinal mucosa.	Alanine	139-146	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
5279520-0	1971	Regulation of rat liver glutamine synthetase: activation by alpha-ketoglutarate and inhibition by glycine, alanine, and carbamyl phosphate.	Alanine	107-114	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	24-44
12588983-4	2003	Based on this, we substituted alanine for the determined serine at amino acid 522 within the E domain of wild-type (wt) ERalpha.	Alanine	30-37	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	120-127
33781819-6	2021	Elevated expression levels of Alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2; SLC1A5) have been reported in many types of human tumors.	Alanine	30-37	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	82-87
22101235-6	2012	We document herein that of these, Ser-478 plays a pivotal role in UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination, which is accelerated and enhanced on its mutation to the phosphomimetic Asp residue but attenuated on its Ala mutation.	Alanine	214-217	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 G2	Homo sapiens	66-70
22101235-6	2012	We document herein that of these, Ser-478 plays a pivotal role in UBC7/gp78-mediated CYP3A4 ubiquitination, which is accelerated and enhanced on its mutation to the phosphomimetic Asp residue but attenuated on its Ala mutation.	Alanine	214-217	autocrine motility factor receptor	Homo sapiens	71-75
22353371-4	2012	The pfl1-1 mutant also accumulated high intracellular levels of lactate, succinate, alanine, malate, and fumarate.	Alanine	84-91	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	4-10
33781819-6	2021	Elevated expression levels of Alanine, serine, cysteine-preferring transporter 2 (ASCT2; SLC1A5) have been reported in many types of human tumors.	Alanine	30-37	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	89-95
12473676-7	2003	CN1 was identified as a homodimeric dipeptidase with a narrow substrate specificity for Xaa-His dipeptides including those with Xaa = beta Ala (carnosine, K(m) 1.2 mM), N-methyl beta Ala, Ala, Gly, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (homocarnosine, K(m) 200 microM), an isoelectric point of pH 4.5, and maximal activity at pH 8.5.	Alanine	139-142	carnosine dipeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
33513288-4	2021	Here, we report the structure-based design of a new class of alanine containing 3-arylindoles as potent and selective PRMT4 inhibitors and describe key structure activity relationships for this class of compounds.	Alanine	61-68	coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
22117069-4	2012	We perturb integrin function by a tyrosine-to-alanine substitution in membrane-proximal NPIY motif in the integrin beta1 tail and show that this mutant substantially decreases microtubule nucleation and gamma-tubulin accumulation at the centrosome.	Alanine	46-53	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	106-120
12466282-8	2003	Progressive truncation and serine/threonine to alanine mutations of the PhLP(L) N terminus identified a serine/threonine cluster (Ser-18/Thr-19/Ser-20) within a small N-terminal region of PhLP(L) (amino acids 5-28) as the site in which PhLP(L) function was modified in HEK 293 cells.	Alanine	47-54	phosducin like	Homo sapiens	72-76
22142472-9	2012	STK38"s H(2)O(2)-stimulated activity was enhanced by alanine substitution at its priming sites and/or at S6 and T7, and it was partially reduced by a phosphomimetic mutation at S6 or T7.	Alanine	53-60	serine/threonine kinase 38	Homo sapiens	0-5
33734022-8	2021	Surprisingly, we show that chemoresistance is mediated by AMPK-dependent activation of TFEB, which is abolished by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or mutation of serine 466, 467 and 469 to alanine residues within TFEB.	Alanine	192-199	transcription factor EB	Mus musculus	87-91
12586351-6	2003	Novel truncated IGF-2 variant, missing its N-terminal Alanine, was detected in all mass spectra.	Alanine	54-61	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
33493520-6	2021	Alanine scanning mutagenesis showed key residues for HNTX-III interacting with hNav1.7.	Alanine	0-7	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9	Homo sapiens	79-86
22904671-6	2012	Each monomer of the Aqy1 tetramers forms a channel whose walls consist mostly of hydrophilic residues, transporting through the selectivity filter containing Arg-227, His-212, Phe-92, and Ala-221, and the two conserved Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA) motifs containing asparagines 224 and 112.	Alanine	188-191	Aqy1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
22904671-6	2012	Each monomer of the Aqy1 tetramers forms a channel whose walls consist mostly of hydrophilic residues, transporting through the selectivity filter containing Arg-227, His-212, Phe-92, and Ala-221, and the two conserved Asn-Pro-Ala (NPA) motifs containing asparagines 224 and 112.	Alanine	227-230	Aqy1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
12680588-8	2003	Reversion of the serine-88/alanine mutation with phosphorylatable threonine completely restored the SEB recognition by TCR.	Alanine	27-34	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	119-122
22754302-4	2012	In the present study, the data indicate that the S609A mutation replacing Ser(609) of GPIbalpha with alanine (S609A) significantly prevented the association of 14-3-3zeta with GPIbalpha before and after the VWF binding to GPIbalpha.	Alanine	101-108	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	86-95
22754302-4	2012	In the present study, the data indicate that the S609A mutation replacing Ser(609) of GPIbalpha with alanine (S609A) significantly prevented the association of 14-3-3zeta with GPIbalpha before and after the VWF binding to GPIbalpha.	Alanine	101-108	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta	Homo sapiens	160-170
22754302-4	2012	In the present study, the data indicate that the S609A mutation replacing Ser(609) of GPIbalpha with alanine (S609A) significantly prevented the association of 14-3-3zeta with GPIbalpha before and after the VWF binding to GPIbalpha.	Alanine	101-108	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	176-185
22754302-4	2012	In the present study, the data indicate that the S609A mutation replacing Ser(609) of GPIbalpha with alanine (S609A) significantly prevented the association of 14-3-3zeta with GPIbalpha before and after the VWF binding to GPIbalpha.	Alanine	101-108	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	176-185
21964250-6	2012	In particular, we tested 17-AAG, ibuprofen, 4-PBA, curcumin, trehalose, congo red and chrysamine G for their ability to i) recover the nuclear localisation of polyAla expanded PHOX2B, ii) rescue of PHOX2B mediated transactivation of the DBH promoter, and iii) clearance of PHOX2B (+13 Ala) aggregates.	Alanine	163-166	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	198-204
12427763-6	2003	Sequence alignment against HERG showed a substitution of alanine for valine in the S4 domain.	Alanine	57-64	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
22253605-3	2012	We identified four novel Cdc5 target residues within the Bfa1 C-terminus: (452)S, (453)S, (454)S, and (559)S. A Bfa1 mutant in which all of these residues had been changed to alanine (Bfa1(4A)) persisted on both SPBs at anaphase and was hypo-phosphorylated, despite retaining its GAP activity for Tem1.	Alanine	175-182	cell division cycle 5 like	Homo sapiens	25-29
23049841-15	2012	Presented results indicate that alanine could act as ALT2 Nrg1-co-repressor.	Alanine	32-39	transcriptional regulator NRG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
22509268-8	2012	Similarly, the Ala/Val residue at position 38 of the DQB1 chain differentiated the positively associated *06:02 allele and the negatively associated *05:02, *06:01 alleles.	Alanine	15-18	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
21951999-8	2011	Mutations to alanine of proline residues in ATF4 that satisfied hydroxylation consensus by PHDs did not affect binding activity of ATF4 to PHD1 and PHD3.	Alanine	13-20	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
21956104-1	2011	In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-profilin interface, Ala(167) of the actin barbed end W-loop and His(372) near the C terminus form a clamp around a profilin segment containing residue Arg(81) and Tyr(79).	Alanine	58-61	profilin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-46
21956104-1	2011	In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-profilin interface, Ala(167) of the actin barbed end W-loop and His(372) near the C terminus form a clamp around a profilin segment containing residue Arg(81) and Tyr(79).	Alanine	58-61	profilin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	153-161
21955122-6	2011	Ala substitution of S333 and S366, two consensus protein kinase C sites in the C terminus, likewise impaired internalization, as did RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Sf9 protein kinase C. N-terminal truncations of BmPBANR indicate that the first 27 residues are not necessary for cell surface trafficking or receptor functionality.	Alanine	0-3	pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide receptor	Bombyx mori	220-227
21937447-3	2011	Here we investigated the MART-1(27-35) tumor antigen, for which anchor modification (replacement of the position two alanine with leucine) dramatically reduces or ablates antigenicity with a wide range of T cell clones despite significantly improving peptide binding to MHC.	Alanine	117-124	melan-A	Homo sapiens	25-31
21930589-8	2011	However, serine-for-alanine mistranslation is so challenging that a separate, genome-encoded fragment of the editing domain of AlaRS is distributed throughout the Tree of Life to redundantly prevent serine-to-alanine mistranslation.	Alanine	20-27	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
21930589-8	2011	However, serine-for-alanine mistranslation is so challenging that a separate, genome-encoded fragment of the editing domain of AlaRS is distributed throughout the Tree of Life to redundantly prevent serine-to-alanine mistranslation.	Alanine	209-216	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
21955466-8	2011	This residue lies on a diagonal face of conserved alanines in the TM domain of the protein, and is necessary for specific Vpu-tetherin interactions.	Alanine	50-58	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	126-134
21719704-5	2011	In the current study, we identified consensus sequence motifs for Lyp substrate recognition using an "inverse alanine scanning" combinatorial library approach.	Alanine	110-117	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	66-69
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	109-117
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	181-206
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	208-211
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	262-265
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	109-117
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	181-206
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	208-211
21882401-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids), which binds to the GRP receptor (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1).	Alanine	42-45	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	262-265
21680530-8	2011	A triple charged-to-alanine mutation produced a temperature-sensitive replication phenotype with no detectable RNA replication at 39 C, demonstrating that conditional mutations can be obtained by altering the charge characteristics of NS4B.	Alanine	20-27	polyprotein;protein F	Hepatitis C virus genotype 1	235-239
21521785-3	2011	Successful interaction of SCF(beta-TrcP) complex with beta-TrcP binding motif (DS(52)GNES(56)) present in Vpu is essential because mutant Vpu possessing specific alanine substitutions (DA(52)GNEA(56)) in the beta-TrcP binding motif not only failed to stabilize p53 protein but was also unable to inhibit ubiquitination of p53 protein.	Alanine	162-169	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	26-29
21526770-6	2011	A non-phosphorylatable alanine substitution mutant at this position causes enhanced interaction of PACT with TRBP and leads to a loss of PKR activation.	Alanine	23-30	TARBP2 pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
21270823-5	2011	We defined that substitution of tryptophan residue 128 in the CsA-binding site of CypB with alanine resulted in dissociation of CypB(W128A)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the ER.	Alanine	92-99	peptidylprolyl isomerase B	Homo sapiens	82-86
21270823-5	2011	We defined that substitution of tryptophan residue 128 in the CsA-binding site of CypB with alanine resulted in dissociation of CypB(W128A)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the ER.	Alanine	92-99	peptidylprolyl isomerase B	Homo sapiens	128-165
21361320-6	2011	Polarization transfer dynamics and chemical shift dependencies of these R2-driven spin diffusion (RDSD) schemes are experimentally evaluated and investigated by numerical simulations for [U-(13)C,(15)N]-alanine and the [U-(13)C,(15)N] N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (MLF) tripeptide.	Alanine	203-210	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
21359141-2	2011	Towards this end, an alanine-based peptide doped with charged lysines with a sequence of (AKA(3)KA)(2) (AK2) was selected from the crosslinking regions of the natural elastin.	Alanine	21-28	elastin	Homo sapiens	167-174
21059642-7	2011	Finally, RUNX1 or RUNX1(tripleD), in which Ser-48, Ser-303, and Ser-424 are mutated to aspartic acid, stimulated proliferation of transduced, lineage-negative murine marrow progenitors more potently than did RUNX1(tripleA), in which these serines are mutated to alanine, suggesting that stimulation of RUNX1 trans-activation by cdk-mediated reduction in HDAC interaction increases marrow progenitor cell proliferation.	Alanine	262-269	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	9-14
21059642-7	2011	Finally, RUNX1 or RUNX1(tripleD), in which Ser-48, Ser-303, and Ser-424 are mutated to aspartic acid, stimulated proliferation of transduced, lineage-negative murine marrow progenitors more potently than did RUNX1(tripleA), in which these serines are mutated to alanine, suggesting that stimulation of RUNX1 trans-activation by cdk-mediated reduction in HDAC interaction increases marrow progenitor cell proliferation.	Alanine	262-269	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	18-23
21059642-7	2011	Finally, RUNX1 or RUNX1(tripleD), in which Ser-48, Ser-303, and Ser-424 are mutated to aspartic acid, stimulated proliferation of transduced, lineage-negative murine marrow progenitors more potently than did RUNX1(tripleA), in which these serines are mutated to alanine, suggesting that stimulation of RUNX1 trans-activation by cdk-mediated reduction in HDAC interaction increases marrow progenitor cell proliferation.	Alanine	262-269	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	18-23
21059642-7	2011	Finally, RUNX1 or RUNX1(tripleD), in which Ser-48, Ser-303, and Ser-424 are mutated to aspartic acid, stimulated proliferation of transduced, lineage-negative murine marrow progenitors more potently than did RUNX1(tripleA), in which these serines are mutated to alanine, suggesting that stimulation of RUNX1 trans-activation by cdk-mediated reduction in HDAC interaction increases marrow progenitor cell proliferation.	Alanine	262-269	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	18-23
21446190-1	2011	The substitution of lysine for alanine (K232A) in the acyl-CoA-diacylglycerol acyltransferase, which is encoded by the DGAT1 gene, was tested for the significance for breeding evaluation of stud bulls of the holsteinized Black-and-White breed.	Alanine	31-38	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	119-124
21980421-3	2011	Currently, Glu314, Ser346, Lys347 and Lys362 in human c-NADP-ME were changed to the corresponding residues of human m-NAD(P)-ME (Glu, Lys, Tyr and Gln, respectively) or Ascaris suum m-NAD-ME (Ala, Ile, Asp and His, respectively).	Alanine	192-195	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	56-63
20888323-5	2010	Finally, a bioinformatics study reveals that the triplet amino acid homologies LLT (Leu-Leu-Thr) and AIS (Ala-Ile-Ser) in TM1 and TM3, respectively of the D2R-5-HT(2A)R may be involved in the receptor interface.	Alanine	106-109	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	130-133
20645923-4	2010	Further mutations of N-TIMP-3 indicated that up to two extra alanine residues can be attached to the N-terminus before the Ki (app) for ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 increased to over 100 nM.	Alanine	61-68	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	23-29
20645923-4	2010	Further mutations of N-TIMP-3 indicated that up to two extra alanine residues can be attached to the N-terminus before the Ki (app) for ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 increased to over 100 nM.	Alanine	61-68	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	149-157
20949125-4	2010	An engineered STAT1-CC molecule with double cysteine substitutions in the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains of STAT1 (at Ala-656 and Asn-658) efficiently phosphorylates and translocates to the nucleus of IFN-resistant cells in an IFN-gamma dependent manner.	Alanine	116-119	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
20949125-4	2010	An engineered STAT1-CC molecule with double cysteine substitutions in the Src-homology 2 (SH2) domains of STAT1 (at Ala-656 and Asn-658) efficiently phosphorylates and translocates to the nucleus of IFN-resistant cells in an IFN-gamma dependent manner.	Alanine	116-119	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
20607281-5	2010	Replacement of proline residues by alanines (188-ASTA) decreased Cavbeta(2) affinity about 20-fold.	Alanine	35-43	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit	Mus musculus	65-75
20538611-7	2010	CRMP-2 alanine mutants of key residues within these cavities were functionally similar to wild-type CRMP-2 as assessed by similar levels of enhancement in dendritic complexity of cortical neurons.	Alanine	7-14	dihydropyrimidinase-like 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
20662813-7	2010	Conversely, the inhibition of endogenous CPEB by expression of a dominant-negative mutant pCPEB1 (AA-CPEB), which replaced the expected phosphorylation sites with alanines, had the effect of inhibiting Cyclin B synthesis, ribosomal S6 kinase phosphorylation (an indicator of Mos activity), and meiotic resumption.	Alanine	163-171	cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
20662813-7	2010	Conversely, the inhibition of endogenous CPEB by expression of a dominant-negative mutant pCPEB1 (AA-CPEB), which replaced the expected phosphorylation sites with alanines, had the effect of inhibiting Cyclin B synthesis, ribosomal S6 kinase phosphorylation (an indicator of Mos activity), and meiotic resumption.	Alanine	163-171	cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
20597504-3	2010	The ALA-supplemented diet decreased significantly the SCD activity in MLD and SAT, resulting in a reduced relative concentration of oleic acid in muscle.	Alanine	4-7	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	54-57
20597504-6	2010	Beef products of bulls fed the ALA-supplemented diet were rich in ALA and n-3 LC PUFA.	Alanine	31-34	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	81-85
33124885-10	2021	While both TAC and TAC+ALA increased SERCA2 expression, the phosphorylation of phospholambam in Thr17 residue was increased solely in alamandine treated group.	Alanine	23-26	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2	Mus musculus	37-43
33364202-10	2020	Three-dimensional modeling of the claudin-8 structure identified an exposed HtrA cleavage site between the amino acids alanine 58 and asparagine 59, which is in well agreement with the mapping studies.	Alanine	119-126	claudin 8	Homo sapiens	34-43
32163000-7	2020	Endogenous proteases Kex2 and Ste13 in Golgi apparatus recognize and excise Lys-Arg and Glu-Ala pair to release short CGA-N12 peptides from the tandem repeat sequences, respectively.	Alanine	92-95	kexin KEX2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-25
32163000-7	2020	Endogenous proteases Kex2 and Ste13 in Golgi apparatus recognize and excise Lys-Arg and Glu-Ala pair to release short CGA-N12 peptides from the tandem repeat sequences, respectively.	Alanine	92-95	Ste13p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
32669367-0	2020	New proline, alanine, serine repeat sequence for pharmacokinetic enhancement of anti-VEGF single domain antibody.	Alanine	13-20	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	85-89
32669367-2	2020	In the current study, for the first time, a novel proline, alanine, serine (PAS) repeat sequence, called PAS#208, was designed to extend the plasma half-life of a nano-sized anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A single-domain antibody.	Alanine	59-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	179-215
33000894-7	2021	Mutating BRAF S365 site to an alanine (S365A) reduced 14-3-3 association and increased BRAF V600E homodimerization.	Alanine	30-37	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	54-60
32822965-3	2020	Here, we report the generation of two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two identical twins with a heterozygous PHOX2B expansion mutation (+5 alanine residues).	Alanine	156-163	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	126-132
32647014-5	2020	Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that mutation of three lysine residues in the lyase active site of pol beta, 35, 68, and 72, to alanine (pol beta KDelta3A) increased the binding affinity for nonspecific DNA ~11-fold compared with that of the WT.	Alanine	133-140	polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1	Mus musculus	104-112
32647014-5	2020	Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that mutation of three lysine residues in the lyase active site of pol beta, 35, 68, and 72, to alanine (pol beta KDelta3A) increased the binding affinity for nonspecific DNA ~11-fold compared with that of the WT.	Alanine	133-140	polymerase (DNA directed), alpha 1	Mus musculus	142-150
32267539-6	2020	In the MTHFR group, 1-monohexadecanoylglycerol, pyrophosphate, benzoin, and linoleic acid were found to be significantly decreased (p   0.05 for all), whereas glyceric acid, L-tryptophan, L-alanine, L-proline, norvaline, L-threonine, and myo-inositol were significantly increased (p   0.01 for the first 2 metabolites, p   0.05 for the others) at 11-14 gestational weeks.	Alanine	188-197	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	7-12
32737955-12	2020	FECH inhibition was the only synergism to ALA-PDT for the most susceptible among the cell lines, T47D cells.	Alanine	42-45	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	0-4
32611707-4	2020	Alanine mutagenesis has identified residues that disrupt the steroid potentiating effect at the rat GluN1 (G638; I642) and GluN2B (W559; M562; Y823; M824) subunit.	Alanine	0-7	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
32341021-4	2020	PSCs utilize SLC1A4 and other transporter(s) to rapidly exchange and maintain environmental alanine concentrations.	Alanine	92-99	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
32341021-5	2020	Moreover, PDAC cells upregulate SLC38A2 to supply their increased alanine demand.	Alanine	66-73	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-39
32341021-6	2020	Cells lacking SLC38A2 fail to concentrate intracellular alanine and undergo a profound metabolic crisis resulting in markedly impaired tumor growth.	Alanine	56-63	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	14-21
32145025-4	2020	We have used protein sequence comparison of UBE2D3 orthologues to identify a position in the C-terminal alpha-helical region of UBE2D3 that is occupied by a conserved serine in amniotes and by alanine in anamniote vertebrate and invertebrate lineages.	Alanine	193-200	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 3	Mus musculus	44-50
32145025-4	2020	We have used protein sequence comparison of UBE2D3 orthologues to identify a position in the C-terminal alpha-helical region of UBE2D3 that is occupied by a conserved serine in amniotes and by alanine in anamniote vertebrate and invertebrate lineages.	Alanine	193-200	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 3	Mus musculus	128-134
32145025-6	2020	Substitution of S138 with the anamniote alanine (S138A) increases the level of UBE2D3 in ESCs as well as being a gain of function early embryonic lethal mutation in mice.	Alanine	40-47	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 3	Mus musculus	79-85
32666018-7	2020	M-PTH/PTHrP exhibited low solubility in aqueous solutions of neutral pH; however, replacement of Leu18, Phe22, and His26 with the less hydrophobic residues, Ala, Ala, and Lys, at those respective positions markedly improved solubility while maintaining bioactivity.	Alanine	157-160	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	6-11
32386547-3	2020	Here, we report that alanine repeat expansions in the HOXD13 TF, which cause hereditary synpolydactyly in humans, alter its phase separation capacity and its capacity to co-condense with transcriptional co-activators.	Alanine	21-28	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	54-60
32365329-5	2020	To further study the role of the SF in U-type inactivation, we substituted the second threonine of the TTVGYG sequence by an alanine in the hKv2.1 and hKv3.1 channels, which are known to display U-type inactivation.	Alanine	125-132	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	140-146
32365329-5	2020	To further study the role of the SF in U-type inactivation, we substituted the second threonine of the TTVGYG sequence by an alanine in the hKv2.1 and hKv3.1 channels, which are known to display U-type inactivation.	Alanine	125-132	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	151-157
31964709-8	2020	Site-specific serine to alanine mutations, S255A, S262A, S279A and S282A, resulted in differential effects on both BCR signaling, and BCR-mediated spreading.	Alanine	24-31	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	115-118
31964709-8	2020	Site-specific serine to alanine mutations, S255A, S262A, S279A and S282A, resulted in differential effects on both BCR signaling, and BCR-mediated spreading.	Alanine	24-31	BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase	Homo sapiens	134-137
32195265-7	2020	Based on these important residues, eight residues (OSM: Arg100, Leu103, Phe160, and Gln161; OSMR: Tyr214, Ser223, Asp262, and Trp267) were identified as the "hot spots" through computational alanine mutagenesis analysis and verified by additional MD simulation of R100A (one of the identified "hotspots") mutant.	Alanine	191-198	oncostatin M receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
31726169-4	2020	Yjic regioselectivity toward Rh2 synthesis was successfully improved using a semi-rational design including structure-guided alanine scanning and saturation mutations.	Alanine	125-132	polyphenols TDP-rhamnosyltransferase, promiscuous	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	0-4
32053037-4	2021	A non-conservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) was found in DGAT1 gene producing a strong effect on milk composition and yield.	Alanine	45-52	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	74-79
31615382-9	2020	Renal oxidative stress markers (heme oxygenase-1 and neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin) were correlated with increased alanine aminotransferase, with upregulation of oxidant stress markers in the preinjury transfusion group versus sham group (all markers), as well as in the injury-only and postinjury transfusion groups (heme oxygenase-1 only).	Alanine	127-134	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-94
31691683-5	2020	Gold electrodes covered with peptides consisting of 5 alanine groups (Al5) present a relative current change of up to 5 x 10-5 when the resonance condition is met, corresponding to a spin filtering efficiency between 6 and 19%.	Alanine	54-61	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
31945107-2	2020	The E3 ligase Ltn1 adds ubiquitin and Rqc2 directs the large ribosomal subunit to append carboxy-terminal alanine and threonine residues (CAT tails).	Alanine	106-113	Rqc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
31709727-9	2020	CO-IP results confirmed that 14-3-3zeta bound to beclin 1, and this connection was markedly weakened when S295 was mutated into A295 (alanine).	Alanine	134-141	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta	Homo sapiens	29-39
31709727-9	2020	CO-IP results confirmed that 14-3-3zeta bound to beclin 1, and this connection was markedly weakened when S295 was mutated into A295 (alanine).	Alanine	134-141	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	49-57
31983877-5	2019	The transgenic plants that overexpressed SYNC1 gene had increased asparagine and lysine contents in matured seeds, and increased aspartate, lysine, alanine and histidine contents in germinated seeds.	Alanine	148-155	Class II aminoacyl-tRNA and biotin synthetases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-46
31718395-4	2019	In ICR mice, PU ameliorated the CCl4-induced increase of the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, the activity of liver lactate dehydrogenase, and the damage of histopathological structure, and exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4.	Alanine	95-102	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	32-36
20026127-7	2010	In vitro studies with fusion proteins containing wild-type or mutated (Ser/Ala) versions of the C-terminal domain of NHE-1 indicate that CaMKII phosphorylates NHE-1 at residues other than the canonical phosphorylation sites for the kinase (Ser648, Ser703, and Ser796).	Alanine	75-78	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
20026127-7	2010	In vitro studies with fusion proteins containing wild-type or mutated (Ser/Ala) versions of the C-terminal domain of NHE-1 indicate that CaMKII phosphorylates NHE-1 at residues other than the canonical phosphorylation sites for the kinase (Ser648, Ser703, and Ser796).	Alanine	75-78	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	137-143
20236613-4	2010	We previously reported the results of alanine-scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of all 34 non-alanine residues lining the LBP of the human VDR.	Alanine	38-45	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	124-127
20236613-4	2010	We previously reported the results of alanine-scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of all 34 non-alanine residues lining the LBP of the human VDR.	Alanine	38-45	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	141-144
20236613-4	2010	We previously reported the results of alanine-scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of all 34 non-alanine residues lining the LBP of the human VDR.	Alanine	96-103	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	124-127
20236613-4	2010	We previously reported the results of alanine-scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of all 34 non-alanine residues lining the LBP of the human VDR.	Alanine	96-103	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	141-144
20394726-6	2010	When the sites included in the AT8 epitope were mutated in alanine, the phosphorylation of T217 and PHF-1 epitope was significantly reduced indicating that the decrease of AT8 phosphorylation was a key event in the impaired phosphorylation of T217 and PHF-1 by the S262 alanine mutant.	Alanine	59-66	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
12427763-10	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis of alanine to valine in the S4 region of erg1-sm converted many of the properties to that of the cardiac HERG, including shifts in the voltage dependence of activation and slowing of deactivation.	Alanine	29-36	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
31661769-4	2019	Random selection of gain-of-function DrFKBP52 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified two critical residues, alanine 111 (A111) and threonine 157 (T157), for activation of receptor potentiation by DrFKBP52.	Alanine	116-123	FKBP prolyl isomerase 4	Danio rerio	37-45
12427763-10	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis of alanine to valine in the S4 region of erg1-sm converted many of the properties to that of the cardiac HERG, including shifts in the voltage dependence of activation and slowing of deactivation.	Alanine	29-36	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
31661769-4	2019	Random selection of gain-of-function DrFKBP52 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified two critical residues, alanine 111 (A111) and threonine 157 (T157), for activation of receptor potentiation by DrFKBP52.	Alanine	116-123	FKBP prolyl isomerase 4	Danio rerio	204-212
12713171-3	2003	The result showed that P97/302 IBDV was most identical to the reported very virulent IBDV strains because it has amino acid substitutions at positions 222, 256, 294, and 299, which encode alanine, isoleucine, isoleucine, and serine, respectively.	Alanine	188-195	melanotransferrin	Homo sapiens	23-30
31278967-9	2019	Pro, Gly and Ala were preferably found at P1-P4 and P2"-P4" in both tropoelastin and elastin.	Alanine	13-16	elastin	Homo sapiens	68-80
31278967-9	2019	Pro, Gly and Ala were preferably found at P1-P4 and P2"-P4" in both tropoelastin and elastin.	Alanine	13-16	elastin	Homo sapiens	73-80
20398630-9	2010	However, in HEK293 cells stably expressing LC3 with these sites mutated either singly or doubly to Ala, Asp or Glu, autophagy was not significantly affected, suggesting that PKC regulates autophagy through a mechanism independent of LC3 phosphorylation.	Alanine	99-102	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	43-46
20356030-5	2010	To improve our understanding of the role of this residue in the catalytic mechanism of sulfite oxidase, serine and alanine variants at position 185 of recombinant chicken SO were generated.	Alanine	115-122	sulfite oxidase	Gallus gallus	171-173
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	123-130
31527837-5	2019	KAT2A selectively acetylates H2A.Z.1 versus H2A.Z.2 in vitro on several well-defined lysines and we unveiled that alanine-14 in H2A.Z.2 is responsible for inhibiting the activity of KAT2A.	Alanine	114-121	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	0-5
12496426-3	2003	Single alanine mutations were introduced into mouse MD-2 (residues 17-160), and the mutants were expressed in a human cell line expressing mouse TLR4.	Alanine	7-14	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	52-56
20462497-3	2010	IL-10R2 residues required for binding were identified by alanine scanning and used to derive computational models of IL-10/IL-10R1/IL-10R2 and IL-22/IL-22R1/IL-10R2 ternary complexes.	Alanine	57-64	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	143-148
20369883-0	2010	Understanding microscopic binding of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) trimer with substrate PGH2 and cofactor GSH: insights from computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	164-171	prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens	43-80
12496426-5	2003	In contrast, mouse MD-2 mutants, in which a single alanine mutation was introduced at Tyr34, Tyr36, Gly59, Val82, Ile85, Phe126, Pro127, Gly129, Ile153, Ile154, and His155 showed normal ability to form the cell surface mouse TLR4-mouse MD-2 complex recognized by MTS510, but their ability to confer LPS and Taxol responsiveness was apparently reduced.	Alanine	51-58	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	19-23
31527837-5	2019	KAT2A selectively acetylates H2A.Z.1 versus H2A.Z.2 in vitro on several well-defined lysines and we unveiled that alanine-14 in H2A.Z.2 is responsible for inhibiting the activity of KAT2A.	Alanine	114-121	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	182-187
12477867-7	2003	Neutralization assays performed with pseudovirions bearing envelopes from a selection of alanine mutants mostly showed a reasonable correlation between the effects of the mutations on b12 binding to monomeric gp120 and neutralization efficacy.	Alanine	89-96	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	209-214
20449481-1	2010	Antimicrobially active cycloundecapeptides related to gramicidin S, cyclo(-Val1-Orn2-Leu3-X4-D-Phe5-Pro6-Val7-Orn8- Leu9-D-Phe10-Pro11-) (X= Leu (1), Ala (2), Orn (3), Lys (4) and Arg (5)), were synthesized.	Alanine	150-153	CD7 molecule	Homo sapiens	116-120
12529529-8	2003	Four aminotransferase activities were specifically associated with GGT1 and GGT2, using the substrate pairs glutamate (Glu):glyoxylate, Ala:glyoxylate, Glu:pyruvate, and Ala:2-oxoglutarate.	Alanine	136-139	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-71
20379885-1	2010	A putative causative mutation underlying a QTL was identified as a lysine to alanine non-conservative substitution at amino acid 232 of the gene encoding the acylCoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) protein.	Alanine	77-84	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	198-203
31547297-4	2019	To further attenuate m2MR for its potential use as a live viral vaccine, we incorporated additional mutations into m2MR by substituting the asparagine residues in the glycosylation sites (N130 and N207) of NS1 with alanine residues.	Alanine	215-222	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	206-209
31280959-13	2019	AARS2 encodes mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase, which attaches alanine onto tRNA-ala. AARS2 mutations were previously reported in female leukodystrophy patients with POI.	Alanine	67-74	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	28-50
12529529-8	2003	Four aminotransferase activities were specifically associated with GGT1 and GGT2, using the substrate pairs glutamate (Glu):glyoxylate, Ala:glyoxylate, Glu:pyruvate, and Ala:2-oxoglutarate.	Alanine	170-173	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-71
12393916-5	2002	We have shown that Gly(82) of hSK1 is involved in ATP binding since mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in an enzyme with an approximately 45-fold higher K(m)((ATP)).	Alanine	96-103	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
30649640-4	2019	In contrast, the anticancer effects of long-chain omega-3 PUFA (ALA) have been reported.	Alanine	64-67	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	58-62
20361013-8	2010	Sequencing of EPHA2 residing in the critical interval identified a missense mutation: c.2353G&gt;A, which results in an alanine to threonine substitution (p.A785T).	Alanine	120-127	EPH receptor A2	Homo sapiens	14-19
12354770-6	2002	Substitution of the target lysine with alanine enhanced the transcriptional potential of ARNT per se.	Alanine	39-46	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Homo sapiens	89-93
20007717-11	2010	Fbl variant proteins with alanine substitutions in key residues had reduced affinities for fibrinogen.	Alanine	26-33	fibrillarin	Homo sapiens	0-3
12196551-8	2002	Only one important binding site residue Glu-95 of the heavy chain CDR3 is mutated to alanine in the 77 Fab fragment.	Alanine	85-92	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	103-106
20110468-5	2010	Moreover, Doa10 also recognized the Nt-acetylated Ala, Val, Ser, Thr, and Cys residues.	Alanine	50-53	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SSM4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-15
30955232-4	2019	Comparison of the different variants by a multidisciplinary approach based on different methodologies (including circular dichroism, spectrofluorimetry, light scattering, and Atomic Force Microscopy studies) highlighted the propensity to aggregate for the PHOX2B variant containing the polyalanine expansion (+7-alanines), especially in the presence of DNA, while the 0-alanines variant resembled the protein with the correct polyalanine length.	Alanine	312-320	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	256-262
12221103-8	2002	Double Ala mutation of the PP1C-binding site (KVHF) in Nek2 eliminated both PP1C and Inh2 interactions in both a yeast conjugation assay and an in vitro binding assay.	Alanine	7-10	NIMA related kinase 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
30940912-5	2019	Ltn1/listerin is part of the multisubunit RQC complex, and recent findings have revealed that the Rqc2 subunit of this complex catalyses the formation of carboxy-terminal alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails), which are extensions of nascent chains known to either facilitate substrate ubiquitylation and targeting for degradation or induce protein aggregation.	Alanine	171-178	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Mus musculus	0-4
19890265-6	2010	The abundance of the small neutral amino acids, serine, alanine, and glycine, was lower and/or was poorly induced after methamphetamine administration in the frontoparietal cortex and striatum of FosB(-/-) mice.	Alanine	56-63	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene B	Mus musculus	196-200
30940912-5	2019	Ltn1/listerin is part of the multisubunit RQC complex, and recent findings have revealed that the Rqc2 subunit of this complex catalyses the formation of carboxy-terminal alanine and threonine tails (CAT tails), which are extensions of nascent chains known to either facilitate substrate ubiquitylation and targeting for degradation or induce protein aggregation.	Alanine	171-178	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Mus musculus	5-13
12379355-8	2002	Homology modeling together with alanine scanning yielded a 3D model of Fab 15A9.	Alanine	32-39	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	71-74
31022580-4	2019	Here, we examined the roles of CXCL13 in the response of cSCC to ALA-PDT.	Alanine	65-68	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13	Homo sapiens	31-37
31022580-8	2019	The role of CXCL13 in ALA-PDT efficacy was assessed in vivo.	Alanine	22-25	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13	Homo sapiens	12-18
31022580-10	2019	Immunohistochemistry showed that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may be the main source of CXCL13 upregulation in the cSCC microenvironment after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	151-154	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13	Homo sapiens	96-102
19881470-3	2010	In this study, we analyzed the relationship between haplotypes and de novo polyalanine expansion in PHOX2B and found that haplotypes carrying rs17884724:A&gt;C were detected frequently in 7-alanine expanded (27-alanine) mutant alleles, which are the most prevalent mutations in CCHS.	Alanine	79-86	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	100-106
19800950-6	2009	The regulatory interaction between AQP4 and V1(a)R involves protein kinase C (PKC) activation and is reduced upon mutation of Ser(180) on AQP4 to an alanine.	Alanine	149-156	aquaporin 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	35-39
11950837-7	2002	Gly-456 lies in a very tightly packed region of the GDH molecule, and its replacement by Ala may lead to steric clashes with neighboring amino acids.	Alanine	89-92	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
19800950-6	2009	The regulatory interaction between AQP4 and V1(a)R involves protein kinase C (PKC) activation and is reduced upon mutation of Ser(180) on AQP4 to an alanine.	Alanine	149-156	aquaporin 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	138-142
19816404-7	2009	Blocking MDM2 phosphorylation by alanine substitution of all six phosphorylation sites results in constitutive degradation of p53 after DNA damage.	Alanine	33-40	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	9-13
19877718-7	2009	Replacement of an Ala in the N-terminal half of the neuromodulin sequence with the Gln in PEP19 accounts for approximately half of the Ca(2+)-independent difference in the stabilities of the two reporter complexes, with the Ca(2+)-independent effect of the Lys replacement accounting for most of the remainder.	Alanine	18-21	Purkinje cell protein 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
31022580-11	2019	The efficacy of ALA-PDT in the treatment of cSCC was significantly reduced after CXCL13 inhibition.	Alanine	16-19	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13	Homo sapiens	81-87
31022580-12	2019	CONCLUSION: CXCL13 plays important roles in the antitumor effect of ALA-PDT for cSCC and may originate mainly from CAFs in the cSCC microenvironment.	Alanine	68-71	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13	Homo sapiens	12-18
12102636-4	2002	Alanine scanning followed by amino acid replacements was used to construct mutants of rOAT3.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
31002765-9	2019	However, kinetic results of PfADA-Asp176Met/Ala mutants and hADA-Met155Asp/Ala showed that the mutation reduced adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine substrate affinity in PfADA and kcat in hADA, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.	Alanine	44-47	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	189-193
31002765-9	2019	However, kinetic results of PfADA-Asp176Met/Ala mutants and hADA-Met155Asp/Ala showed that the mutation reduced adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine substrate affinity in PfADA and kcat in hADA, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.	Alanine	75-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-64
31002765-9	2019	However, kinetic results of PfADA-Asp176Met/Ala mutants and hADA-Met155Asp/Ala showed that the mutation reduced adenosine and 5"-methylthioadenosine substrate affinity in PfADA and kcat in hADA, thereby reducing catalytic efficiency of the enzyme.	Alanine	75-78	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	189-193
19875727-7	2009	Furthermore, a GPIb-IX mutant replacing Ser559 of GPIbalpha with alanine showed an enhanced association with the membrane skeleton, reduced ristocetin-induced VWF binding, and diminished ability to mediate cell adhesion to VWF under flow conditions.	Alanine	65-72	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59
12124445-5	2002	Site-directed mutagenesis of Ser365, Ser472 and Ser491 to alanines in the fusion protein eliminated phosphopeptides phosphorylated by PKA, but not by PKC.	Alanine	58-66	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
19633946-0	2009	An exonic insertion encodes an alanine stretch in porcine synapsin I.	Alanine	31-38	synapsin I	Homo sapiens	58-68
19887602-5	2009	Interestingly, in vivo ubiquitination assay indicated BRCA1 to be polyubiquitinated by incubation with wild-type UBE2T protein, but not with C86A-UBE2T protein, an E2 activity-dead mutant, in which the 86th residue of cysteine was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	245-252	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	54-59
19778056-3	2009	Taking into account the non-oxidative mechanism of pyrazine formation, the data indicated that all of the ethyl-substituted pyrazines identified in the glyoxal/alanine model system incorporated C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and not that of free acetaldehyde, as the ethyl group carbon atoms.	Alanine	160-167	complement C3	Homo sapiens	203-206
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	69-76	complement C3	Homo sapiens	235-238
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	69-76	complement C3	Homo sapiens	448-451
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	235-238
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	448-451
31116799-9	2019	ZAP recruitment to SGs is functionally important as a panel of alanine ZAP mutants indicate that the anti-SINV activity is correlated with ZAP"s ability to localize to SGs.	Alanine	63-70	zinc finger CCCH-type containing, antiviral 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
31053155-7	2019	We further found that the muHD of SGIP1alpha is structurally similar to those of AP-2 and stonin2, and mutations at Trp771 and Lys781, which correspond to Syt1-recognition motifs of AP-2 and stonin2, to Ala bound less efficiently to Syt1 and failed to rescue the endocytic defect of Syt1 caused by KD.	Alanine	203-206	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	182-186
30187485-8	2019	Using gene mutation assays, we further discovered that mutation of Thr to Ala at site of 103 prevented the nuclear transport of Tudor-SN.	Alanine	74-77	staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	128-136
31179341-1	2019	Our earlier studies demonstrated that cysteine414- (zinc-binding site of mCRY1-) alanine mutant mCRY1 transgenic mice (Tg mice) exhibit diabetes characterized by the reduction of beta-cell proliferation and by beta-cell dysfunction, presumably caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype- (SASP-) like characters of islets.	Alanine	81-88	cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	73-78
31179341-1	2019	Our earlier studies demonstrated that cysteine414- (zinc-binding site of mCRY1-) alanine mutant mCRY1 transgenic mice (Tg mice) exhibit diabetes characterized by the reduction of beta-cell proliferation and by beta-cell dysfunction, presumably caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype- (SASP-) like characters of islets.	Alanine	81-88	cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	96-101
30825655-4	2019	The X-ray structure of CREB1 binding the half site GTCA identifies an alanine in the DNA binding region interacting with the methyl group of T, structurally analogous to the methyl group of methylated C. This alanine is replaced with a valine in CEBPB.	Alanine	70-77	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
30825655-4	2019	The X-ray structure of CREB1 binding the half site GTCA identifies an alanine in the DNA binding region interacting with the methyl group of T, structurally analogous to the methyl group of methylated C. This alanine is replaced with a valine in CEBPB.	Alanine	209-216	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
30743312-1	2019	BACKGROUND: A common polymorphism (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of homocysteine.	Alanine	46-49	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	65-100
30743312-1	2019	BACKGROUND: A common polymorphism (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of homocysteine.	Alanine	46-49	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	102-107
30743312-1	2019	BACKGROUND: A common polymorphism (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of homocysteine.	Alanine	46-49	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	152-157
30718375-1	2019	The neutral amino acid transporter alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) belongs to the solute carrier 1 (SLC1) family of transport proteins and transports neutral amino acids, such as alanine and glutamine, into the cell in exchange with intracellular amino acids.	Alanine	35-42	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	74-79
30728809-4	2019	Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that ABBA binds to the "central cavity" in the elbow of vWbp by interacting with Arg-70, His-71, Ala-72, Gly-73, Tyr-74, Glu-75, Tyr-83, and Gln-87 in vWbp, thus interfering with the binding of vWbp to prothrombin.	Alanine	150-153	MTSS I-BAR domain containing 2	Mus musculus	58-62
30609754-7	2019	In this process, the conversion of alanine to pyruvate by alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2) is critical for survival during glucose starvation.	Alanine	35-42	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	58-80
30609754-7	2019	In this process, the conversion of alanine to pyruvate by alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2) is critical for survival during glucose starvation.	Alanine	35-42	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
30368227-7	2019	Fads2-/- mice fed an ALA-enriched diet had reduced body weight, little-to-no omega-3 LC-PUFA and a near complete loss of all omega-3 derived oxylipins in both epididymal and inguinal WAT (P&lt;.05) compared to their WT counterparts, as well as altered expression of key regulators of the fatty acid desaturase pathway.	Alanine	21-24	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	0-5
30129165-8	2018	The results indicated that the primary variances between SHP2-WT and SHP2-E76K were the different interactions between Glu/Lys 76 and Arg 265, Tyr 80 and Leu 77, Leu 77 and Tyr 81, Thr 73 and Glu 258, Ala 75 and Cys 259, Phe 71 and Tyr 81, Ala 75 and Glu 258, and Tyr 73 and Glu/Lys 76.	Alanine	240-243	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	57-61
30129165-8	2018	The results indicated that the primary variances between SHP2-WT and SHP2-E76K were the different interactions between Glu/Lys 76 and Arg 265, Tyr 80 and Leu 77, Leu 77 and Tyr 81, Thr 73 and Glu 258, Ala 75 and Cys 259, Phe 71 and Tyr 81, Ala 75 and Glu 258, and Tyr 73 and Glu/Lys 76.	Alanine	240-243	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	69-73
30305391-6	2018	Accordingly, alanine mutation of these residues prolonged the half-life of EZH2 in male germ cells.	Alanine	13-20	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Mus musculus	75-79
30226982-8	2018	Molecular dynamics and in silico alanine scanning simulation also suggested that the protein backbone of seabream TTR is more rigid than the human one and that Thr117 provides fewer electrostatic contributions than Ser117 to ligand binding.	Alanine	33-40	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	114-117
30283487-10	2018	The effect of ETHE1 knock-down on amino acid profiles was clearly different from that found in leaves indicating that in seeds persulfide oxidation interacts with alanine and glycine rather than branched-chain amino acid metabolism.	Alanine	163-170	glyoxalase II 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-19
30009767-5	2018	An alanine scan showed that positions 4 and 9 of ribbon AuIB are the main determinants of the interaction with (alpha3)3(beta4)2 nAChR.	Alanine	3-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
30131371-4	2018	We showed that an alanine mutant of the highly conserved residue tyrosine 219 (Y219A) in transmembrane domain five of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) was incapable of beta-arrestin recruitment, receptor internalization, and beta-arrestin-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas it retained the ability to signal through G protein.	Alanine	18-25	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	122-147
29950315-5	2018	To investigate the impact of these transcriptional changes in atherosclerosis development, we have generated mice carrying a Ser-to-Ala mutation in myeloid cells in the LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient atherosclerotic background (M-S196ALdlr-KO).	Alanine	132-135	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	169-181
29950315-5	2018	To investigate the impact of these transcriptional changes in atherosclerosis development, we have generated mice carrying a Ser-to-Ala mutation in myeloid cells in the LDL receptor (LDLR)-deficient atherosclerotic background (M-S196ALdlr-KO).	Alanine	132-135	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	183-187
29748334-2	2018	The difference in PAR4 signaling by race is partially explained by a single-nucleotide variant in PAR4 encoding for either an alanine or threonine at amino acid 120 in the second transmembrane domain.	Alanine	126-133	F2R like thrombin or trypsin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
29748334-2	2018	The difference in PAR4 signaling by race is partially explained by a single-nucleotide variant in PAR4 encoding for either an alanine or threonine at amino acid 120 in the second transmembrane domain.	Alanine	126-133	F2R like thrombin or trypsin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	98-102
29653252-1	2018	The replacement of two consecutive histidine residues by alanine residues in the catalytic center of ceramide synthase 2 in a new transgenic mouse mutant (CerS2 H/A) leads to inactivation of catalytic activity and reduces protein level to 60% of the WT level.	Alanine	57-64	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	101-120
29653252-1	2018	The replacement of two consecutive histidine residues by alanine residues in the catalytic center of ceramide synthase 2 in a new transgenic mouse mutant (CerS2 H/A) leads to inactivation of catalytic activity and reduces protein level to 60% of the WT level.	Alanine	57-64	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	155-160
29520682-0	2018	Deuteration and selective labeling of alanine methyl groups of beta2-adrenergic receptor expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell expression system.	Alanine	38-45	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	63-88
29615482-3	2018	Alanine scanning of 39 amino acids comprising the RNA-binding sites or intersubunit interfaces of Lsm2, Lsm3, Lsm4, Lsm5, and Lsm8 identified only one instance of lethality (Lsm3-R69A) and one severe growth defect (Lsm2-R63A), both involving amino acids that bind the 3"-terminal UUU trinucleotide.	Alanine	0-7	U4/U6-U5 snRNP complex subunit LSM8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-130
29595846-0	2018	alpha-Methyl phenylglycines by asymmetric alpha-arylation of alanine and their effect on the conformational preference of helical Aib foldamers.	Alanine	61-68	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	130-133
29432779-3	2018	In our previous study, we determined that ALA could protect cerebral endothelial cells against I/R injury via mTOR signaling pathway.	Alanine	42-45	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
29432779-5	2018	In this study, we try to explore if the ALA treatment can protect against brain I/R injury and confirm the relationship between ALA and mTOR signaling pathway.	Alanine	40-43	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
29432779-5	2018	In this study, we try to explore if the ALA treatment can protect against brain I/R injury and confirm the relationship between ALA and mTOR signaling pathway.	Alanine	128-131	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
29432779-8	2018	The mTOR signaling pathway was remarkably blocked after brain I/R injury while it could be activated through ALA treatment.	Alanine	109-112	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
29432779-10	2018	In conclusion, we demonstrate the protective effects induced by ALA treatment against the brain I/R injury in rats and mTOR signaling pathway is required for the protective effects of ALA against brain I/R injury.	Alanine	184-187	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
28427307-4	2018	The last 30 ns of molecular dynamics trajectory have shown the strong interaction of LyP-1 with the inner surface chains of p32, especially with chains B and C. ALA-SCAN mutagenesis studies have indicated the considerable influence of Asn3, Lys4, Arg5, and Arg7 amino acid residues on the specific binding of LyP-1.	Alanine	161-164	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	85-90
29565811-5	2018	Biochemical analyses demonstrated that UK114 hydrolyzes alpha-imino acids generated by l- or d-amino acid oxidases with a preference for those deriving from Ala &gt; Leu = l-Met &gt; l-Gln, whereas it was poorly active on l-Phe and l-His.	Alanine	157-160	reactive intermediate imine deaminase A homolog	Homo sapiens	39-44
29382717-5	2018	To prevent intramolecular IS1 autoproteolysis, we converted the active-site Cys to Ala.	Alanine	83-86	IS1	Homo sapiens	26-29
29461832-2	2018	We find that the alanine-rich cross-linking domains of elastin have a partially helical structure, but only when capped by proline-rich hydrophobic domains.	Alanine	17-24	elastin	Homo sapiens	55-62
29494662-0	2018	Combined effect of glutamine at position 70 of HLA-DRB1 and alanine at position 57 of HLA-DQB1 in type 1 diabetes: An epitope analysis.	Alanine	60-67	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-94
29548648-9	2018	Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a genetically inherited disorder caused by mutations in the paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene of polyalanine repeat mutations in the 20-alanine repeat or non-polyalanine repeat mutations.	Alanine	159-166	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	114-137
29548648-9	2018	Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a genetically inherited disorder caused by mutations in the paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) gene of polyalanine repeat mutations in the 20-alanine repeat or non-polyalanine repeat mutations.	Alanine	159-166	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	139-145
29440413-3	2018	Mutant T cells expressing ZAP-70 with an alanine substitution at this residue (ZAP-70T293A) had enhanced TCR proximal signaling and increased effector responses.	Alanine	41-48	zeta chain of T cell receptor associated protein kinase 70	Homo sapiens	26-32
29467657-8	2018	In contrast, expression of SNAT2 in which the N-terminal lysyl residues were mutated to alanine rendered the transporter stable and insensitive to substrate-induced changes in protein stability.	Alanine	88-95	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
29363593-7	2018	This sequence contains the IQ domain and alanine mutagenesis revealed that the amino acids important for STAC association overlap with those making contacts with the C-lobe of calcium-calmodulin (Ca/CaM) and mediating calcium-dependent inactivation of CaV1.2.	Alanine	41-48	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	252-258
29391504-6	2018	Furthermore, the hAOC3 inhibitors semicarbazide and imidazole reduce the binding of wild type and Arg/Ala mutated Siglec-9 peptides to hAOC3.	Alanine	102-105	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 9	Homo sapiens	114-122
29223392-7	2018	Subsequent screening using Rab7L1 mutants harboring alanine-substitution for every single Ser/Thr residue revealed that Ser72 is a major phosphorylation site, which was confirmed by using a phospho-Ser72-specific antibody.	Alanine	52-59	RAB29, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	27-33
19821102-1	2009	The relationship between Ala/Ser polymorphism in 133 codon of exon 3 region of the RASSF1 gene and genetic susceptibility of lung cancer in Hubei province Han population was investigated by a case-control study.	Alanine	25-28	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	83-89
19650872-6	2009	Substitution of the homologous serine in the MAO-B isoform, i.e. Ser200, with either Glu or Ala does not affect the catalytic activity of the corresponding over-expressed proteins.	Alanine	92-95	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	45-50
19285157-4	2009	Using an alanine positional scanning approach, we discovered a set of discontinuous substrate determinants surrounding the scissile Lon cleavage site in a model peptide substrate, which function to influence the k(cat) of the peptidase activity of Lon.	Alanine	9-16	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	132-135
19285157-4	2009	Using an alanine positional scanning approach, we discovered a set of discontinuous substrate determinants surrounding the scissile Lon cleavage site in a model peptide substrate, which function to influence the k(cat) of the peptidase activity of Lon.	Alanine	9-16	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	248-251
19625447-4	2009	In vitro phosphorylation assays employing Dlk and Par-4 phosphorylation mutants carrying alanine substitutions for residues S154, T155, S220, or S249, respectively, identified T155 as the major Par-4 phosphorylation site of Dlk.	Alanine	89-96	pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
19528234-5	2009	A strain containing a threonine-to-alanine mutation at a conserved Cdc28 phosphorylation site of Efg1 displays a loss of hypha-specific repression of these genes and impaired cell chain formation, mimicking the hgc1 deletion, whereas a strain containing the threonine to aspartic acid mutation leads to a downregulation of these genes and cell chain formation during yeast growth.	Alanine	35-42	Efg1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-101
19530738-8	2009	Mutation of this single residue to alanine or valine impairs Aurora B activity during mitosis and causes chromosome segregation defects.	Alanine	35-42	aurora kinase B	Homo sapiens	61-69
19483081-6	2009	In this study, we created a series of Ala-substitution mutants of cTnI to delineate the functional contribution of each amino acid in the inhibitory region to myofilament regulation.	Alanine	38-41	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	66-70
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	130-133	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	69-72
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	130-133	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	130-133	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	130-133	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	138-141	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	69-72
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	138-141	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	138-141	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19137603-3	2009	To characterize helical and unfolded states adopted by water-soluble Aib-containing peptides, the conformational preference of Ac-Ala-Aib-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Lys-Ala-Lys-Ala-Aib-Tyr-NH(2) was determined by CD, NMR and MD simulations as a function of temperature.	Alanine	138-141	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	134-137
19443835-7	2009	Furthermore, receptor activation and arteriogenic activity were increased by an alanine substitution mutant of human VEGF-C (C137A) having an increased dimer stability and by a chimeric CAC growth factor that contained the VEGF receptor-binding domain flanked by VEGF-C propeptides, but only the latter promoted significantly more blood vessel perfusion when compared to the other growth factors studied.	Alanine	80-87	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	117-121
19135547-6	2009	For example, alanine-exchange mutation of the loop linking helix D to E eliminated channel currents; of the loop linking helix H to I caused a significant shift of the open probability of fast gating (P(o)(f)), towards more positive voltages; and of the loop linking helix J to K locked the common gating of hClC-1 open.	Alanine	13-20	chloride voltage-gated channel 1	Homo sapiens	308-314
19478457-5	2009	Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis that reverted the residue to alanine reduced the binding of recombinant IgG to galactose-deficient IgA1.	Alanine	68-75	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
19499991-13	2009	Substitution of alanine 623 by phenylalanine 623 at the third intracellular loop of the TSH receptor decreases its plasma membrane expression, indicating that alanine 623 is important in directing the TSH receptor to the cell surface or in down-regulating the constitutive receptor.	Alanine	16-23	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	88-100
19499991-13	2009	Substitution of alanine 623 by phenylalanine 623 at the third intracellular loop of the TSH receptor decreases its plasma membrane expression, indicating that alanine 623 is important in directing the TSH receptor to the cell surface or in down-regulating the constitutive receptor.	Alanine	16-23	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	201-213
19246456-5	2009	Substitution of the three polar amino acid residues (His(46), Gln(50), and Gln(53)) within this motif with alanine abolishes the inhibitory effect of Angptl4 on LPL in vitro and also abrogates the ability of Angptl4 to elevate plasma triglyceride levels in mice.	Alanine	107-114	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	161-164
19273586-2	2009	Previous work has shown that the N-terminal alanine residue of Sir3 (Ala2) and its acetylation play an important role in silencing.	Alanine	44-51	chromatin-silencing protein SIR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	63-67
19418632-12	2009	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve on I(glu) was abolished by replacement of the serine by alanine in the SGK consensus sequence ((S318A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	90-97	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	105-108
19448033-6	2009	When a Ser at position 237 in the SCaBP8 protein (the SOS2 phosphorylation target) was mutated to Ala, SCaBP8 was no longer phosphorylated by SOS2 and the mutant protein could not fully rescue the salt-sensitive phenotype of the scabp8 mutant.	Alanine	98-101	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-58
19368885-1	2009	The type-I PLP enzyme l-aspartate beta-decarboxylase converts aspartate to alanine and CO(2).	Alanine	75-82	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
19232516-7	2009	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve was abolished by replacement of the serine with alanine in the SGK1 consensus sequence ((S318A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	82-89	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
19172261-4	2009	For this, we introduced alanine and lysine mutations in heag1 channels, and recorded currents by two-electrode voltage clamp.	Alanine	24-31	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
19191321-2	2009	The genetic defect is usually caused by heterozygous mutations of the PHOX2B gene such as a 20-alanine tract (+5 to+13 alanines) expansion (approximately 95%) and occasional frameshift or missense mutations.	Alanine	95-102	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	70-76
19191321-2	2009	The genetic defect is usually caused by heterozygous mutations of the PHOX2B gene such as a 20-alanine tract (+5 to+13 alanines) expansion (approximately 95%) and occasional frameshift or missense mutations.	Alanine	119-127	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	70-76
19191321-3	2009	Cytoplasmic aggregates were shown in PHOX2B proteins with longer alanine tract (+9 and longer) expansion and impaired DNA binding was observed in PHOX2B proteins with frameshift, missense, or longer alanine tract (+9 and longer) expansion.	Alanine	65-72	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	37-43
19191321-5	2009	However, PHOX2B proteins with short alanine tract (+5 to+7) expansion in the majority of patients (approximately 75%) did not have cytoplasmic aggregates or DNA binding defects.	Alanine	36-43	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	9-15
19153235-6	2009	To identify residues of UL53 crucial for homodimerization and for heterodimerization with UL50, we constructed and expressed mutant forms of UL53 containing alanine substitutions in a predicted helix.	Alanine	157-164	nuclear egress lamina protein	Human betaherpesvirus 5	24-28
19153235-6	2009	To identify residues of UL53 crucial for homodimerization and for heterodimerization with UL50, we constructed and expressed mutant forms of UL53 containing alanine substitutions in a predicted helix.	Alanine	157-164	nuclear egress lamina protein	Human betaherpesvirus 5	141-145
19212658-7	2009	Furthermore, alanine substitution studies led to a surprising finding that surrounding sequence and/or conformation dictated the site of cleavage in LR by ST3.	Alanine	13-20	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	155-158
19178150-7	2009	Further studies revealed that the C1-INH inhibition of full-length fXIa containing Ala substitutions for basic residues of the 148 loop is not enhanced by heparin.	Alanine	83-86	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
19075018-3	2009	Here, we used truncated mutagenesis and alanine replacement techniques to identify a binding site on mesothelin for CA125.	Alanine	40-47	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	116-121
19090675-7	2009	In vitro binding assays revealed that mutation of this residue to alanine diminished ERdj3"s substrate binding ability, arguing that multimerization is important for substrate binding.	Alanine	66-73	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B11	Homo sapiens	85-90
19088272-3	2009	Here, we generated cell culture infectious strain JFH1 HCV (HCVcc) genomes carrying an alanine substitution of E2 residues W529 or D535 that are critical for binding to CD81 and infectivity.	Alanine	87-94	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	169-173
20559012-8	2009	Our results suggest a positive association between high intake of marine n-3 PUFA and rectal cancer risk among carriers of at least one PARP codon 762 Ala allele (odds ratio=1.7, 95% confidence interval=1.1-2.7).	Alanine	151-154	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	77-81
19221446-7	2009	The results indicated that the Ala allele in homozygosity is associated with higher scores in harm avoidance and respective subscales: anticipatory worry HA1 and shyness HA3, as well as lower scores in exploratory excitability NS1, responsibility SD1, resourcefulness SD3, helpfulness C3 and compassion C4 subscales, in addition to lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores.	Alanine	31-34	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	227-230
19108020-6	2008	RESULTS: We report on limb phenotypes of an ENU-induced A-to-C mutation in the Hoxd12 gene, resulting in alanine-to-serine conversion.	Alanine	105-112	homeobox D12	Mus musculus	79-85
18854171-6	2008	Substitution of Ala residues for four putative CK2 phosphorylation sites in the C terminus abolished the phosphorylation of AQP4.	Alanine	16-19	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
18991397-10	2008	In addition, the biotinylated SP-D pulled down the mutant sMD-2 with Asn(26) --&gt; Ala and Asn(114) --&gt; Ala substitutions, which lacks the consensus for N-glycosylation.	Alanine	84-87	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	30-34
18991397-10	2008	In addition, the biotinylated SP-D pulled down the mutant sMD-2 with Asn(26) --&gt; Ala and Asn(114) --&gt; Ala substitutions, which lacks the consensus for N-glycosylation.	Alanine	108-111	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	30-34
18805923-6	2008	Substitution studies were employed, and several alanine substitutions were found to induce a partial opening of the ATP binding cleft in Arp3 and Arp2, whereas only a single substitution was found to induce opening of the ADP binding cleft.	Alanine	48-55	actin related protein 3	Homo sapiens	137-141
19021764-6	2008	In this study, mutants of murine Hsp25 were prepared in which the glutamic acid residues in the C-terminal extension at positions 190, 199 and 204 were each replaced with alanine.	Alanine	171-178	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	33-38
18768736-0	2008	The orphan transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17) functions as a synaptic vesicle amino acid transporter selective for proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	143-150	solute carrier family 6 member 17	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
18768736-0	2008	The orphan transporter Rxt1/NTT4 (SLC6A17) functions as a synaptic vesicle amino acid transporter selective for proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	143-150	solute carrier family 6 member 17	Rattus norvegicus	34-41
18768736-3	2008	Here, we provide evidence indicating that Rxt1/NTT4 functions as a vesicular transporter selective for proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	134-141	solute carrier family 6 member 17	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
18768736-5	2008	Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of Rxt1/NTT4 in PC12 cells resulted in selective reductions in uptake levels for proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine.	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 6 member 17	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
18768736-9	2008	These data indicate that the orphan Rxt1/NTT4 protein functions as a vesicular transporter for proline, glycine, leucine, and alanine, further suggesting its important role in synaptic transmission.	Alanine	126-133	solute carrier family 6 member 17	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
18772127-6	2008	Here, we showed that alanine substitution at the A16 and A17 positions enhances LGR8-activation activity of RLN2, whereas mutation at the A22-23 region (RLN2A22-23) ablates LGR8, but not LGR7, activation activity.	Alanine	21-28	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
18718528-8	2008	In contrast, mutation of S396 to alanine reduced PDK1 nuclear localization and reduced PKB phosphorylation and activation.	Alanine	33-40	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
18817904-5	2008	The nonsynonymous SNPs with the greatest frequency differences between the Hondo and Ryukyu clusters were the Val/Ala polymorphism (rs3827760) in the EDAR gene, associated with hair thickness, and the Gly/Ala polymorphism (rs17822931) in the ABCC11 gene, associated with ear-wax type.	Alanine	114-117	ectodysplasin A receptor	Homo sapiens	150-154
19082310-11	2008	The genetic analysis of tumoral DNA revealed point mutations in two different genes: the wild type CAA at codon 61 of N-RAS mutated to CAT, replacing glycine by histidine (G61H) and the normal GCC sequence at codon 623 of the TSHR gene was replaced by TCC, changing the alanine by serine (A623S).	Alanine	270-277	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	118-123
18638559-5	2008	Alanine substituting DAT residues 587-590 1) abolished PKC stimulation of DAT endocytosis, and 2) markedly accelerated basal DAT internalization, comparable to that of wildtype DAT during PKC activation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
18638559-5	2008	Alanine substituting DAT residues 587-590 1) abolished PKC stimulation of DAT endocytosis, and 2) markedly accelerated basal DAT internalization, comparable to that of wildtype DAT during PKC activation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
18638559-5	2008	Alanine substituting DAT residues 587-590 1) abolished PKC stimulation of DAT endocytosis, and 2) markedly accelerated basal DAT internalization, comparable to that of wildtype DAT during PKC activation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
18638559-5	2008	Alanine substituting DAT residues 587-590 1) abolished PKC stimulation of DAT endocytosis, and 2) markedly accelerated basal DAT internalization, comparable to that of wildtype DAT during PKC activation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	74-77
18811864-5	2008	Immunoblot analysis was used to estimate the effect of ALA-PDT on the production of viral proteins glycoprotein D (gD), infected cell proteins (ICP) 27 and virion protein (VP) 16.	Alanine	55-58	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	99-113
18811864-5	2008	Immunoblot analysis was used to estimate the effect of ALA-PDT on the production of viral proteins glycoprotein D (gD), infected cell proteins (ICP) 27 and virion protein (VP) 16.	Alanine	55-58	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	156-178
18682426-6	2008	Mutation of S126 or S203, putative phosphorylated serine residues conserved in all plant PIPs, to alanine decreased ZmPIP2;1 activity by 30-50%, without affecting its targeting to the plasma membrane.	Alanine	98-105	aquaporin PIP2-1	Zea mays	116-124
18541539-7	2008	The amino acid exchange does not impact on the overall fold and nucleotide binding, as seen in the monomeric x-ray crystallographic structure of the Arabidopsis Toc33 arginine-alanine replacement variant at 2.0A.	Alanine	176-183	translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 33	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-166
18550673-7	2008	Interestingly, the presence of a Phe at position P4 overruled the resistance to trans cleavage of the Glu-Ala junction (NS5-NS6), whereas substitutions at the P1 and P2" positions altered the cleavage efficiency.	Alanine	106-109	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	124-127
18597482-1	2008	Ser72 at the active site of the Escherichia coli dUTPase has been mutated to an alanine, and the properties of the mutant have been investigated.	Alanine	80-87	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	49-56
18502759-9	2008	The results show that introducing alanine in positions Glu(9), Asp(12), Phe(16), Leu(54), and Glu(58) results in a significant reduction in IGF-I receptor binding affinity, whereas alanine substitution at position 53 had no effect on IGF-I receptor binding.	Alanine	34-41	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	140-154
18502759-9	2008	The results show that introducing alanine in positions Glu(9), Asp(12), Phe(16), Leu(54), and Glu(58) results in a significant reduction in IGF-I receptor binding affinity, whereas alanine substitution at position 53 had no effect on IGF-I receptor binding.	Alanine	34-41	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	234-248
18059333-6	2008	Mutation of a leucine residue in the NES1 motif to alanine (L1384A) resulted in both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the GFP-NES1 fusion protein and a nuclear accumulation of ectopic full-length BRCA2-FLAG.	Alanine	51-58	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	203-208
18412318-6	2008	PEGylated peptides [Gly (8),Aib (22)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ala-NH2 (23) and c[Glu (22)-Lys (26)][Gly (8)]GLP-1(7-37)-Cys ((PEG))-Ser-Gly-NH2 (24) retained picomolar functional potency and avid receptor binding properties.	Alanine	61-64	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	28-31
18407552-5	2008	Here we report a patient with a Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) phenotype and homozygosity for a PHOX2B gene mutation leading to an alanine expansion shorter than the threshold hitherto observed in CCHS patients with a heterozygous mutation.	Alanine	151-158	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	116-122
18238779-5	2008	Studies of chimeric proteases, consisting of various parts of the MMP-2 catalytic domain and those of MMP-7 (matrilysin) or MMP-9 (gelatinase B), further revealed that Ala(88) and Gly(94) in the non-prime side and Tyr(145) and Thr(146) in the prime side of the substrate-binding cleft of MMP-2 contribute separately to the selective inhibition.	Alanine	168-171	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	124-129
18261462-3	2008	By using "knock-in" gene targeting, we generated mouse strains expressing mutant Runx1 protein that harbored a combined serine-to-alanine substitution at either of two residues, Ser249/Ser266 or Ser249/Ser276.	Alanine	130-137	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	81-86
12052870-3	2002	To understand how this class of proteins functions, we have made a series of alanine substitutions in the MADS box domain of Mcm1 and examined the effects of these mutations in combination with its cofactors that regulate mating in yeast.	Alanine	77-84	transcription factor MCM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	125-129
18355410-3	2008	In this study, alanine substitutions in E2 were generated within putative CD81 binding regions to define residues critical for viral entry.	Alanine	15-22	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-78
18355410-7	2008	CONCLUSION: Although most alanine substitutions within the putative CD81 binding region 1 (amino acids 474-492) displayed greatly reduced HCVpp infectivity, they retained soluble CD81 binding, proper E2 conformation, E1E2 association and incorporation into HCVpp suggesting that region 1 of E2 does not mediate binding to CD81.	Alanine	26-33	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	68-72
18355410-7	2008	CONCLUSION: Although most alanine substitutions within the putative CD81 binding region 1 (amino acids 474-492) displayed greatly reduced HCVpp infectivity, they retained soluble CD81 binding, proper E2 conformation, E1E2 association and incorporation into HCVpp suggesting that region 1 of E2 does not mediate binding to CD81.	Alanine	26-33	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	179-183
18355410-7	2008	CONCLUSION: Although most alanine substitutions within the putative CD81 binding region 1 (amino acids 474-492) displayed greatly reduced HCVpp infectivity, they retained soluble CD81 binding, proper E2 conformation, E1E2 association and incorporation into HCVpp suggesting that region 1 of E2 does not mediate binding to CD81.	Alanine	26-33	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	179-183
12052870-7	2002	Although many of the alanine substitutions affect the ability of Mcm1 to activate transcription alone or in combination with the alpha 1 and Ste12 cofactors, most mutations have little or no effect on Mcm1-mediated repression in combination with the alpha 2 cofactor.	Alanine	21-28	transcription factor MCM1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	65-69
18251511-7	2008	To understand the basis of stereochemical preference, we screened alanine-scanning mutants of active site residues of AKR1C9.	Alanine	66-73	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
11970947-10	2002	Nuclear accumulation of IkappaB(epsilon) is increased by either leptomycin B treatment or alanine substitutions within the IkappaBepsilon-derived NES.	Alanine	90-97	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	32-39
11970947-10	2002	Nuclear accumulation of IkappaB(epsilon) is increased by either leptomycin B treatment or alanine substitutions within the IkappaBepsilon-derived NES.	Alanine	90-97	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon	Homo sapiens	123-137
12071739-15	2002	Repositioning of the N-terminal part of the peptide on CyP.TS formation becomes more pronounced when the substrate X residue is changed from Gly &lt; Trp &lt; Ala &lt; Leu.	Alanine	159-162	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	55-58
11919182-6	2002	Here we report that sequences between residues Ala(176) and Asp(275) of paxillin are sufficient for binding to the alpha(4) tail.	Alanine	47-50	paxillin	Homo sapiens	72-80
11919182-7	2002	We found that the alpha(4) tail, paxillin, and FAT, the focal adhesion targeting domain of pp125(FAK), could form a ternary complex and that the alpha(4)-binding paxillin fragment, P(Ala(176)-Asp(275)), specifically blocked paxillin binding to the alpha(4) tail more efficiently than it blocked binding to FAT.	Alanine	183-186	paxillin	Homo sapiens	33-41
11919182-7	2002	We found that the alpha(4) tail, paxillin, and FAT, the focal adhesion targeting domain of pp125(FAK), could form a ternary complex and that the alpha(4)-binding paxillin fragment, P(Ala(176)-Asp(275)), specifically blocked paxillin binding to the alpha(4) tail more efficiently than it blocked binding to FAT.	Alanine	183-186	paxillin	Homo sapiens	162-170
11919182-7	2002	We found that the alpha(4) tail, paxillin, and FAT, the focal adhesion targeting domain of pp125(FAK), could form a ternary complex and that the alpha(4)-binding paxillin fragment, P(Ala(176)-Asp(275)), specifically blocked paxillin binding to the alpha(4) tail more efficiently than it blocked binding to FAT.	Alanine	183-186	paxillin	Homo sapiens	162-170
11997663-6	2002	Overexpression of a mutant USH3 domain (Gly --&gt; Ala), that disrupts membrane localization, did not induce high level of apoptosis.	Alanine	51-54	clarin 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
12047362-2	2002	Several studies have demonstrated an association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) (IDDM 12) alanine 17 with type 1 diabetes, but we wished to study the parental effect of CTLA-4 49 A/G dimorphism in diabetic families.	Alanine	116-123	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-96
12047362-2	2002	Several studies have demonstrated an association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) (IDDM 12) alanine 17 with type 1 diabetes, but we wished to study the parental effect of CTLA-4 49 A/G dimorphism in diabetic families.	Alanine	116-123	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
12047362-2	2002	Several studies have demonstrated an association of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) (IDDM 12) alanine 17 with type 1 diabetes, but we wished to study the parental effect of CTLA-4 49 A/G dimorphism in diabetic families.	Alanine	116-123	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-114
11997031-7	2002	The data indicate that proteolysis of circulating IGFBP-3 occurs in the variable domain at residues alanine 98, phenylalanine 138, glutamine 157, and tyrosine 159.	Alanine	100-107	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	50-57
11986377-5	2002	ClC-2 phosphorylation was inhibited by olomoucine and abolished by a (632)Ser-to-Ala (S632A) mutation in the C-terminus, indicating that (632)Ser is a target of phosphorylation by p34(cdc2)/cyclin B. Injection of activated p34(cdc2)/cyclin B attenuated the ClC-2 currents but not the S632A mutant channel currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Alanine	81-84	chloride voltage-gated channel 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-5
11948419-5	2002	Mutation of Y240 or Y315 to either alanine or phenylalanine abrogated the ability of MMAC/PTEN to alter growth rate, saturation density, and colony formation in vitro.	Alanine	35-42	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	90-94
11912278-11	2002	We therefore created the same Ala to Val transition in the human LHR and studied its functional consequences.	Alanine	30-33	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Homo sapiens	65-68
29093024-5	2017	Replacement of these serines with Ala results in a mutant that is unable to bind kinesin-1, which impairs exit of Alcalpha cargo from the Golgi.	Alanine	34-37	calsyntenin 1	Homo sapiens	114-122
11829478-3	2002	Based on the results above, Met(-1) of YaB-G124A was mutated and, as expected, extracellular enzyme production increased with Gln or Ala replacement, but decreased with Ile or Asp substitution.	Alanine	133-136	granzyme M	Homo sapiens	28-34
28813605-5	2017	Since these substitutions correlate to ASP loop residues, an additional Phe to Ala substitution was synthesized and observed to maintain MC4R potency.	Alanine	79-82	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	39-42
28813605-5	2017	Since these substitutions correlate to ASP loop residues, an additional Phe to Ala substitution was synthesized and observed to maintain MC4R potency.	Alanine	79-82	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	137-141
11832466-12	2002	Nevertheless, the actions of the glucagon-like peptides are limited in duration by enzymatic inactivation via cleavage at the N-terminal penultimate alanine by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV).	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-183
28754659-8	2017	The cep-1(gk138) mutant suppressed body movement quiescence controlled by EGF, indicating that CEP-1 acts downstream or in parallel to ALA activation to promote quiescence in response to ultraviolet light.	Alanine	135-138	Transcription factor cep-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	4-9
11832466-12	2002	Nevertheless, the actions of the glucagon-like peptides are limited in duration by enzymatic inactivation via cleavage at the N-terminal penultimate alanine by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV).	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-190
11706008-10	2002	Alanine mutations of membrane-proximal basic amino acid residues in the cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin identified arginine 357 as a critical residue for both ezrin and moesin interaction.	Alanine	0-7	selectin L	Homo sapiens	94-104
11706008-10	2002	Alanine mutations of membrane-proximal basic amino acid residues in the cytoplasmic domain of L-selectin identified arginine 357 as a critical residue for both ezrin and moesin interaction.	Alanine	0-7	ezrin	Homo sapiens	160-165
11684695-4	2002	We constructed various ACAT1 mutants that contained either single cysteine to alanine substitution at various positions, contained a reduced number of cysteines, or contained no cysteine at all.	Alanine	78-85	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
11604410-7	2002	Mutations of either the N-terminal alanine of mature HtrA2 essential for IAP interaction or the catalytic serine residue reduces the ability of HtrA2 to promote cell death, whereas a complete loss in proapoptotic activity is observed when both sites are mutated.	Alanine	35-42	HtrA serine peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
11604410-7	2002	Mutations of either the N-terminal alanine of mature HtrA2 essential for IAP interaction or the catalytic serine residue reduces the ability of HtrA2 to promote cell death, whereas a complete loss in proapoptotic activity is observed when both sites are mutated.	Alanine	35-42	HtrA serine peptidase 2	Homo sapiens	144-149
12200964-0	2002	Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing ALA1/ALS5 adhere to accessible threonine, serine, or alanine patches.	Alanine	110-117	alanine--tRNA ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
18048489-7	2008	Although D(393) (D(398) in UGT2B7) is similarly critical for UDP-GlcUA binding in both enzymes, the effects of Q(394) (Q(399) in UGT2B7) to Ala mutation on activity were significant but different between UGT1A10 and UGT2B7.	Alanine	140-143	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	129-135
11900275-5	2002	Moreover, we assessed the CTLA-4 49 (Thr/Ala) polymorphism in diabetic patients and first-degree relatives as compared to control subjects.	Alanine	41-44	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
18048489-7	2008	Although D(393) (D(398) in UGT2B7) is similarly critical for UDP-GlcUA binding in both enzymes, the effects of Q(394) (Q(399) in UGT2B7) to Ala mutation on activity were significant but different between UGT1A10 and UGT2B7.	Alanine	140-143	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	129-135
11900275-11	2002	CONCLUSION: The CTLA-4 49 Ala allele confers an increased risk of type 1 diabetes, independent of age and HLA-DQ genetic markers.	Alanine	26-29	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	16-22
12952067-3	2002	A mutant myosin in which this loop was replaced by an Ala residue (delta519-524/+A) was non-functional in vivo.	Alanine	54-57	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	9-15
18096596-3	2008	When mutated to alanine, the alpha7-W55A nAChR desensitized more slowly, and recovered from desensitization more rapidly, than wildtype alpha7 nAChRs.	Alanine	16-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
18073204-8	2008	Additionally, amino acids Ala(324) and Asp(327) in the cytoplasmic tails of HLA-A and (but not HLA-C and HLA-E) molecules also stabilized AP-1 binding.	Alanine	26-29	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	138-142
11590166-7	2001	Substitution of either residue with alanine results into a dominant negative mutant that overrides the survival effect of IL-3.	Alanine	36-43	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	122-126
18094146-6	2008	Replacement of histidine 26 (H26) in the NH(2) terminus with alanine eliminated the requirement of protons for channel activity and increased sensitivity to proton-induced inhibition, resulting in maximal channel activity at alkaline pH(i) and smaller whole cell currents at resting pH(i) compared with wild-type Kir7.1.	Alanine	61-68	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 13	Homo sapiens	313-319
11717347-2	2001	Two specific hydrophobic residues (Ala-240, Val-244) in H3 layers 4 and 5 of mammalian syntaxin1A have been suggested to be involved in SNARE complex stability and required for the inhibitory effects of syntaxin on N-type calcium channels.	Alanine	35-38	syntaxin 1A	Homo sapiens	87-97
18003885-7	2008	Mutation to alanine increased DNA affinity, suggesting that in other gene or cellular contexts phosphorylation of RUNX1 by cdks may reduce transactivation.	Alanine	12-19	runt related transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	114-119
18209074-1	2008	In prior studies, we show that naturally occurring IgM anti-leukocyte autoantibodies (IgM-ALA) bind to CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 receptors.	Alanine	90-93	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	113-117
18209074-1	2008	In prior studies, we show that naturally occurring IgM anti-leukocyte autoantibodies (IgM-ALA) bind to CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 receptors.	Alanine	90-93	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
11779507-4	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the EpoR membrane proximal region reveals two modes of EpoR-JAK2 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	erythropoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	36-40
17894550-8	2008	Expression of a mutant of ABC50 in which both sites are mutated to alanine markedly decreased the association of eIF2 with 80S ribosomal and polysomal fractions.	Alanine	67-74	ATP binding cassette subfamily F member 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
11779507-4	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the EpoR membrane proximal region reveals two modes of EpoR-JAK2 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	erythropoietin receptor	Homo sapiens	87-91
11604510-5	2001	A G3BP mutant in which this serine is changed to alanine remains exclusively cytoplasmic, whereas a glutamate for serine substitution that mimics the charge of a phosphorylated serine is translocated to the nucleus.	Alanine	49-56	GTPase activating protein (SH3 domain) binding protein 1	Mus musculus	2-6
17920329-7	2008	Moreover, we show that alanine substitution at T95 impairs c-Jun transactivation and c-Jun-mediated cell death, indicating that negatively charged T95 is a general constraint for c-Jun activation.	Alanine	23-30	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
17920329-7	2008	Moreover, we show that alanine substitution at T95 impairs c-Jun transactivation and c-Jun-mediated cell death, indicating that negatively charged T95 is a general constraint for c-Jun activation.	Alanine	23-30	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
11739897-1	2001	The residue Asp87, which is in the calcium-binding loop of bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) and provides a side-chain carboxylate oxygen for ligand Ca(II) co-ordination, was substituted by either alanine or asparagine.	Alanine	199-206	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	66-83
17920329-7	2008	Moreover, we show that alanine substitution at T95 impairs c-Jun transactivation and c-Jun-mediated cell death, indicating that negatively charged T95 is a general constraint for c-Jun activation.	Alanine	23-30	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
11468285-1	2001	Previously, we observed that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel openings are destabilized by replacing several acidic residues in the amino-terminal tail with alanines (Naren, A. P., Cormet-Boyaka, E., Fu, J., Villain, M., Blalock, J. E., Quick, M. W., and Kirk, K. L. (1999) Science 286, 544-548).	Alanine	195-203	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	33-84
18082608-3	2007	Using alanine mutations in S. cerevisiae Prp5p, we identified a suboptimal intron whose splicing could be improved by altered Prp5p activity and then, using this intron, screened for potent prp5 mutants.	Alanine	6-13	DEAD-box RNA helicase PRP5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-46
18072967-2	2007	SPD1 type is associated with expansion mutations in HOXD13, resulting in an addition of &gt; or = 7 alanine residues to the polyalanine repeat.	Alanine	100-107	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	0-4
18072967-2	2007	SPD1 type is associated with expansion mutations in HOXD13, resulting in an addition of &gt; or = 7 alanine residues to the polyalanine repeat.	Alanine	100-107	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	52-58
11468285-1	2001	Previously, we observed that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel openings are destabilized by replacing several acidic residues in the amino-terminal tail with alanines (Naren, A. P., Cormet-Boyaka, E., Fu, J., Villain, M., Blalock, J. E., Quick, M. W., and Kirk, K. L. (1999) Science 286, 544-548).	Alanine	195-203	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	86-90
18072967-9	2007	Finally, we show that the HOXD13 polyalanine repeat is polymorphic, and the expansion of 2 alanine residues, evident in unaffected subjects of both families, is without clinical consequences.	Alanine	37-44	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	26-32
18072967-10	2007	CONCLUSION: It is the first molecular evidence supporting the hypothesis that expansion of &lt; or = 6 alanine residues in the HOXD13 polyalanine repeat is not associated with the SPD1 phenotype.	Alanine	103-110	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	127-133
11531373-1	2001	The longitudinal relaxation rate of the first stable alanine radical, SAR1, was studied by employing pulse EPR technique over a wide temperature interval (5-290 K).	Alanine	53-60	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	70-74
17482612-4	2007	Substitution of the hydrophobic amino acid residue alanine for hydrophilic threonine may disrupt growth differentiation factor 9 function.	Alanine	51-58	growth differentiation factor 9	Homo sapiens	97-128
11483630-5	2001	Similarly, a tyrosine-to-alanine change in the FYxDWWN motif of Are2p (residues 523-529) produced an enzyme with decreased activity and apparent affinity for oleoyl-CoA.	Alanine	25-32	sterol acyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-69
17719007-4	2007	Yeast two-hybrid assay and EMSA showed that AtbZIP34 and AtbZIP61 could not form homodimer while their mutant forms, AtbZIP34m and AtbZIP61m, which the proline residue was replaced by an alanine residue in the zipper region, could form homodimer and bind G-box element.	Alanine	187-194	Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-52
17913921-5	2007	Mutation of Thr-276 in the fifth transmembrane domain (TM5) to alanine or aspartate prevented activation of wild-type hSERT through the PKG pathway and also blocked the inhibition of I425V activity by inhibitors of the pathway.	Alanine	63-70	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	55-58
11500568-4	2001	Leucine-534 and proline-535 present in hGSHS were substituted by alanines that are conserved in plant GSHS.	Alanine	65-73	glutathione synthetase	Homo sapiens	39-44
17607321-4	2007	Amino acids in these motifs were exchanged for alanines by site-directed mutagenesis (sdm) in the cDNA for human CCR5.	Alanine	47-55	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	113-117
17897355-3	2007	To accomplish this, DNAs coding for human alpha4 subunits containing alanines in place of serines/threonines predicted to represent phosphorylation sites were constructed, and transiently transfected with the DNA coding for wild-type beta2 subunits into SH-EP1 cells.	Alanine	69-77	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
11500568-4	2001	Leucine-534 and proline-535 present in hGSHS were substituted by alanines that are conserved in plant GSHS.	Alanine	65-73	glutathione synthetase	Homo sapiens	40-44
11337501-4	2001	By making alanine substitutions predicted to remove increasing numbers of side chain contacts between the DRBMs and dsRNA, we found that dimerization of full-length PKR in yeast was impaired by the minimal combinations of mutations required to impair dsRNA binding in vitro.	Alanine	10-17	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2	Homo sapiens	165-168
17644059-4	2007	For the optimized substrate T-Abu-Q, with sequence Ac-Asp-Glu-Lys(TAMRA)-Glu-Glu-Abu-Psi(COO)Ala-Ser-Lys(QSY-7)-amide, the kinetic parameters with HCV NS3 protease are K(m)=30 microM, k(cat)=0.6s(-1), and k(cat)/K(m)=20,100s(-1)M(-1).	Alanine	93-96	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	151-154
17595163-8	2007	Reduction of the electronegative potential of B-NRP2 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged alanine (B-NRP2 E284A,E291A) in the 280-290 b1-NRP2 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in VEGF165 affinity.	Alanine	97-104	neuropilin 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
17595163-8	2007	Reduction of the electronegative potential of B-NRP2 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged alanine (B-NRP2 E284A,E291A) in the 280-290 b1-NRP2 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in VEGF165 affinity.	Alanine	97-104	neuropilin 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
17595163-8	2007	Reduction of the electronegative potential of B-NRP2 by exchanging acidic residues for uncharged alanine (B-NRP2 E284A,E291A) in the 280-290 b1-NRP2 loop resulted in a 2-fold reduction in VEGF165 affinity.	Alanine	97-104	neuropilin 2	Homo sapiens	108-112
11309393-7	2001	Mutation of these four serines to alanine showed that cGKIbeta-dependent phosphorylation of Ser(696) is necessary to decrease calcium release from InsP(3)-sensitive stores.	Alanine	34-41	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	54-62
17690774-2	2007	The present gas phase study of capped l-Phe-Xxx peptides (Xxx = l-Ala, d-Ala or Aib: aminoisobutyric acid) provides a unique example of intramolecular chiral recognition of the gamma-turn helicity on Ala or Aib by the neighbouring residue Phe within the chain.	Alanine	66-69	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	207-210
11412103-2	2001	Both tails were largely flexible and unstructured, although, in the beta3 tail, residues Arg(724)-Ala(735) have a propensity to form a helical structure and residues Asn(744)-Tyr(747) (NPLY) have a propensity to adopt reverse-turn conformations.	Alanine	98-101	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
17570343-7	2007	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve was abrogated by replacement of the serine in the SGK consensus sequence by alanine ((S138A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	110-117	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
11287420-5	2001	Mutations at the two conserved leucine residues to alanine at the NES motif (L98A,L100A) resulted in a nuclear redistribution of HBx.	Alanine	51-58	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	129-132
17602517-0	2007	Molecular insight into the interaction between IFABP and PA by using MM-PBSA and alanine scanning methods.	Alanine	81-88	fatty acid binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
11297557-5	2001	Analysis of a panel of human p105 mutants in which serine/threonine residues within and adjacent to this motif were individually changed to alanine established that only serine 927 is essential for p105 proteolysis triggered by IKK2 overexpression.	Alanine	140-147	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	228-232
17602517-4	2007	Computational alanine scanning was performed on the same set of snapshots by mutating the residues in IFABP to alanine and recomputing the DeltaDeltaG(binding).	Alanine	14-21	fatty acid binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
11491658-5	2001	In the mutant c-RET and RET-PTC-1 in which Cys987 of c-RET or Cys376 of RET-PTC-1 was replaced with Ala, the levels of intrinsic kinase activity were greatly reduced and barely increased in response to osmotic stress.	Alanine	100-103	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	16-19
17646648-5	2007	Ala-326 is located in the I-helix, close to the terminus of the docked 25-hydroxylated side chain in a CYP24A1 homology model, a result that we interpret indicates that substitution of a glycine at 326 provides extra space for the side chain of the substrate to move deeper into the pocket and place it in a optimal stereochemical position for 23-hydroxylation.	Alanine	0-3	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	103-110
17449664-6	2007	The p(f) matrices from molecular dynamics simulations of five aquaporins (AQP0, AQP1, AQP4, AqpZ, and GlpF) indicated that the reduction in the water correlation across the Asn-Pro-Ala region, and the small local permeability around the ar/R region, characterize the transport efficiency of water.	Alanine	181-184	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
11491658-5	2001	In the mutant c-RET and RET-PTC-1 in which Cys987 of c-RET or Cys376 of RET-PTC-1 was replaced with Ala, the levels of intrinsic kinase activity were greatly reduced and barely increased in response to osmotic stress.	Alanine	100-103	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	24-33
11491658-5	2001	In the mutant c-RET and RET-PTC-1 in which Cys987 of c-RET or Cys376 of RET-PTC-1 was replaced with Ala, the levels of intrinsic kinase activity were greatly reduced and barely increased in response to osmotic stress.	Alanine	100-103	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	24-27
11278681-4	2001	Ser(60), Thr(64), and Thr(68) are the major sites in Spc110p phosphorylated by Mps1p in vitro, and alanine substitution at these sites abolishes the mitosis-specific isoform in vivo.	Alanine	99-106	Spc110p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-60
17638878-7	2007	Mutation of S224 to alanine causes a defect in the ATR-ATRIP-dependent maintenance of the G(2)-M checkpoint to ionizing and UV radiation.	Alanine	20-27	ATR interacting protein	Homo sapiens	55-60
17555880-10	2007	In rat cultured astrocytes, both 100 nM Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 and ET-1 increased the mRNA levels and protein release of TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 mRNAs.	Alanine	40-43	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
11278496-4	2001	Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	general transcription factor IIA subunit 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
11278496-4	2001	Alanine substitution mutation of serine residues 316 and 321 in TFIIA alphabeta reduced TFIIA phosphorylation significantly in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	general transcription factor IIA subunit 2	Homo sapiens	88-93
17490886-1	2007	Previous structure-activity and NMR studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) demonstrated that Aib substitution of Ala(7) and/or Ala(11) increases the peptide potency through an alpha helix structure induction mechanism.	Alanine	116-119	prepronociceptin	Mus musculus	58-69
11331587-6	2001	Expression of ptc1 in 293T cells was inhibitory to cell proliferation; this inhibition could be relieved by coexpression of a cyclin B1 derivative that constitutively localizes to the nucleus and that could not interact with ptc1 due to phosphorylation-site mutations to ALA: In addition, we demonstrate that endogenous ptc1 and endogenous cyclin B1 interact in vivo.	Alanine	271-274	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	126-135
17490886-1	2007	Previous structure-activity and NMR studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) demonstrated that Aib substitution of Ala(7) and/or Ala(11) increases the peptide potency through an alpha helix structure induction mechanism.	Alanine	116-119	prepronociceptin	Mus musculus	71-76
17490886-1	2007	Previous structure-activity and NMR studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) demonstrated that Aib substitution of Ala(7) and/or Ala(11) increases the peptide potency through an alpha helix structure induction mechanism.	Alanine	130-133	prepronociceptin	Mus musculus	58-69
17490886-1	2007	Previous structure-activity and NMR studies on nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) demonstrated that Aib substitution of Ala(7) and/or Ala(11) increases the peptide potency through an alpha helix structure induction mechanism.	Alanine	130-133	prepronociceptin	Mus musculus	71-76
11124949-2	2001	In the active site, which is homologous between the cis,syn-cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and (6-4) photolyases, four amino acid residues that are specific to (6-4) photolyase, Gln(288), His(354), Leu(355), and His(358), and two conserved tryptophans, Trp(291) and Trp(398), were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	296-303	6-4 photolyase	Xenopus laevis	94-109
17616665-6	2007	Consistent with a role of BRCA1 in ATR signaling, substitution of Ser(239) of ATRIP with Ala leads to a G(2)-M checkpoint defect.	Alanine	89-92	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	26-31
17616665-6	2007	Consistent with a role of BRCA1 in ATR signaling, substitution of Ser(239) of ATRIP with Ala leads to a G(2)-M checkpoint defect.	Alanine	89-92	ATR interacting protein	Homo sapiens	78-83
17554031-3	2007	The replacement of these cysteines by alanines, or their deletion, abolished virus viability, possibly due to disruption of interactions between nsP1 and nsP4, which is the catalytic subunit of the replicase.	Alanine	38-46	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	145-149
17554031-8	2007	Similarly, the change of cysteine to alanine at the palmitoylation site of nsP1 of Sindbis virus had only a mild effect on virus replication.	Alanine	37-44	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	75-79
11245641-2	2001	A common polymorphism of TM at amino acid position 455 with an alanine (A) to valine (V) transition was previously reported to be associated cross-sectionally with acute myocardial infarction.	Alanine	63-70	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	25-27
17467838-6	2007	In addition, alanine substitution at the residues Trp53, Glu55, and Arg56 in NS2B significantly reduced the cis- and trans-cleavage activities of the NS3 protease.	Alanine	13-20	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	150-153
11160663-4	2001	To investigate the function of the A20R protein, targeted mutations were made by substituting alanines for charged amino acids occurring in 11 different clusters.	Alanine	94-102	viral DNA polymerase processivity factor	Vaccinia virus	35-39
11247301-3	2001	P-selectin, a type I transmembrane protein, contains the Yxx phi-like sequence YGVF in its cytoplasmic domain, but substitution of either the tyrosine or phenylalanine with alanine in the full-length protein causes only small changes in the rate of endocytosis.	Alanine	160-167	selectin P	Homo sapiens	0-10
17544410-1	2007	The dependence of protein splicing on conserved residues of the Cne PRP8 intein was assessed by alanine scanning mutagenesis in a foreign protein context.	Alanine	96-103	pre-mRNA processing factor 8	Homo sapiens	68-72
17098283-3	2007	Two negatively charged residues, E1024 (conserved in TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM1 and TRPM3) and D1031 (conserved along the entire TRPM subfamily), were identified as important determinants of cation permeation through TRPM6, because neutralization of both residues into an alanine resulted in non-functional channels.	Alanine	265-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6	Homo sapiens	53-58
17098283-3	2007	Two negatively charged residues, E1024 (conserved in TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM1 and TRPM3) and D1031 (conserved along the entire TRPM subfamily), were identified as important determinants of cation permeation through TRPM6, because neutralization of both residues into an alanine resulted in non-functional channels.	Alanine	265-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7	Homo sapiens	60-65
17098283-3	2007	Two negatively charged residues, E1024 (conserved in TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM1 and TRPM3) and D1031 (conserved along the entire TRPM subfamily), were identified as important determinants of cation permeation through TRPM6, because neutralization of both residues into an alanine resulted in non-functional channels.	Alanine	265-272	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6	Homo sapiens	210-215
11136248-3	2001	Of the mutations made, the substitution of Trp-676 with alanine (W676A) resulted in a functional NADH-dependent enzyme, which catalyzed the reduction of cytochrome c and ferricyanide as well as facilitated the metabolism of 7-ethoxyresorufin by CYP1A2.	Alanine	56-63	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	245-251
17447722-6	2007	With regard to hydrolysis, proteinase A has a preference for hydrophobic residues with Phe, Leu or Glu at the P1 position and Phe, Ile, Leu or Ala at P1", and is inhibited by IA(3), a natural and highly specific inhibitor produced by S. cerevisiae.	Alanine	143-146	proteinase A	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-39
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	132-139	transformation related protein 73	Mus musculus	63-66
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	132-139	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	187-190
16949543-5	2007	Alanine replacement of VDR valine 418 resulted in loss of DRIP205 interaction, but it was still transcriptionally potent with ability to interact with TIF2.	Alanine	0-7	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	23-26
16949543-5	2007	Alanine replacement of VDR valine 418 resulted in loss of DRIP205 interaction, but it was still transcriptionally potent with ability to interact with TIF2.	Alanine	0-7	mediator complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	58-65
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	165-172	transformation related protein 73	Mus musculus	63-66
11162465-3	2000	We found that temperature-sensitive mutants of certain p63 and p73 isoforms can be created by single amino acid substitutions of an alanine residue corresponding to alanine 135 of murine p53.	Alanine	165-172	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	187-190
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	81-88	CD79b molecule	Homo sapiens	140-143
17426811-5	2007	We identified single alanine substitutions in CIII that abolish its activity.	Alanine	21-28	cIII	Escherichia virus Lambda	46-50
11113459-2	2000	The Pi class human glutathione (GSH) transferase (hGSTP1-1), which is polymorphic in humans with respect to amino acid residues in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), plays an important role in the detoxification of PAH-diol epoxides.	Alanine	180-187	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	50-58
17395714-5	2007	Among these interactions, the MK2 Ile-366-Ala-390, which includes the bipartite nuclear localization signal, binds to the p38alpha-docking region.	Alanine	42-45	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	30-33
11598464-6	2000	Furthermore, filtration experiments revealed that phosphorylation of a biotinyl poly-Glu,Ala, Tyr peptide substrate was less than autophosphorylation of the Lck enzyme; this was due to the low K(m) value for biotinyl poly-Glu,Ala,Tyr.	Alanine	226-229	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	157-160
17477312-8	2007	The results suggested the involvement of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase (GS/GOGAT) pathway of ammonia assimilation to provide the precursor, glutamate, for ALA synthesis under Cd toxicity and 2-OG supplementation.	Alanine	169-172	ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	66-84
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	196-233
11032742-8	2000	Using a human thioredoxin in which the structural cysteines were mutated to alanine, Trx-C3A, we show that structural cysteines that do not take part in the catalytic functions of the protein are also important for its reactive oxygen scavenging properties.	Alanine	76-83	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	14-25
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	235-240
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	247-252
17298045-4	2007	A study of the docking of these new analogues to the VDR-LBD and alanine scanning mutational analysis demonstrated that 22-methyl and 22-ethyl substituents enhance the favorable hydrophobic interactions with residues lining the ligand binding pocket of the VDR, and that 22-butyl analogue 5 binds to the VDR by an induced fit mechanism.	Alanine	65-72	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	257-260
17298045-4	2007	A study of the docking of these new analogues to the VDR-LBD and alanine scanning mutational analysis demonstrated that 22-methyl and 22-ethyl substituents enhance the favorable hydrophobic interactions with residues lining the ligand binding pocket of the VDR, and that 22-butyl analogue 5 binds to the VDR by an induced fit mechanism.	Alanine	65-72	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	257-260
11032742-9	2000	In addition, using a quadruple mutant Trx-C4A, where one of the catalytic cysteines, C35 was mutated to alanine in addition to the mutated structural cysteines, we demonstrated that catalytic cysteines are also required for the scavenging action of thioredoxin.	Alanine	104-111	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	38-41
17070014-8	2007	By using Ser to Ala mutants in p65 and c-Rel transactivation domains, PKCzeta and NIK activities seem to be dependent of a restricted set of Ser in both proteins.	Alanine	16-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14	Mus musculus	82-85
11032742-9	2000	In addition, using a quadruple mutant Trx-C4A, where one of the catalytic cysteines, C35 was mutated to alanine in addition to the mutated structural cysteines, we demonstrated that catalytic cysteines are also required for the scavenging action of thioredoxin.	Alanine	104-111	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	42-45
11032742-9	2000	In addition, using a quadruple mutant Trx-C4A, where one of the catalytic cysteines, C35 was mutated to alanine in addition to the mutated structural cysteines, we demonstrated that catalytic cysteines are also required for the scavenging action of thioredoxin.	Alanine	104-111	migration and invasion enhancer 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
11034390-6	2000	Therefore, we have performed an alanine scan of all of the residues within and immediately adjacent to the acidic pocket in C3d.	Alanine	32-39	endogenous retrovirus group K member 13	Homo sapiens	124-127
17383158-4	2007	Sequence analysis of CD44vRA cDNA revealed, in 33 out of 43 RA and psoriatic arthritis patients, an extra intron-derived trinucleotide, CAG, which allows translation of an extra alanine.	Alanine	178-185	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	21-25
17138858-6	2007	After substitution of methionine 63 and 83 for alanine, S100A9 maintained its fugetaxis activity, even in inhibitory, oxidative conditions.	Alanine	47-54	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	56-62
10964656-3	2000	We constructed stable clones of C6 cells transfected with two types of IkappaBalpha mutant genes (IkappaBalpha(SS --&gt; AA); Ser-32/36 to Ala-32/36, IkappaBalpha(KK --&gt; RR); Lys-21/22 to Arg-21/22).	Alanine	139-142	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	71-83
17223344-0	2007	Alanine scanning mutational analysis of the ligand binding pocket of the human Vitamin D receptor.	Alanine	0-7	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	79-97
10854437-4	2000	Alanine substitution mutagenesis identified a panel of DH mutants made in the alpha1, alpha6, and alpha9 regions and the PH junction site that suffer complete or partial loss of GEF activity toward Cdc42 and RhoA.	Alanine	0-7	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 6	Mus musculus	78-104
17223344-1	2007	We achieved exhaustive alanine scanning mutational analysis of the amino acid residues lining the ligand binding pocket of the Vitamin D receptor to investigate the mechanism of the ligand recognition by the receptor.	Alanine	23-30	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	127-145
17290224-6	2007	In contrast, the highly conserved C/EBPalpha CR4 domain was found to undergo liver-specific dephosphorylation of residues T222 and T226 upon fasting, and alanine mutation of these residues upregulated the hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic G6Pase and PEPCK mRNAs, but not PGC-1alpha, leading to glucose intolerance.	Alanine	154-161	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	256-261
10854437-4	2000	Alanine substitution mutagenesis identified a panel of DH mutants made in the alpha1, alpha6, and alpha9 regions and the PH junction site that suffer complete or partial loss of GEF activity toward Cdc42 and RhoA.	Alanine	0-7	rho/rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 2	Mus musculus	178-181
10816589-10	2000	Replacement of the amino-terminal His residue by Ala abolishes the ability of KIR2DL1 to bind Co(2+), indicating that Co(2+)-mediated KIR2DL1 dimerization involves pairing of the D1 domain.	Alanine	49-52	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1	Homo sapiens	78-85
17018862-4	2007	We found that Bach2 is phosphorylated on S521 via the phosphatidylinositol-3/S6 kinase pathway, and substitution of this site to alanine leads to nuclear accumulation of the protein, indicating that this phosphorylation is important for its subcellular localization.	Alanine	129-136	BTB domain and CNC homolog 2	Homo sapiens	14-19
10816589-10	2000	Replacement of the amino-terminal His residue by Ala abolishes the ability of KIR2DL1 to bind Co(2+), indicating that Co(2+)-mediated KIR2DL1 dimerization involves pairing of the D1 domain.	Alanine	49-52	killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, two Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1	Homo sapiens	134-141
10926541-3	2000	The familial mutation substitutes a proline for a highly conserved alanine at position 114 in the ANT1 protein.	Alanine	67-74	solute carrier family 25 member 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
17186026-3	2007	It has been reported that alanine substitution of residues in an acidic ridge of yeast frataxin (Yfh1) elicits loss of iron binding in vitro but has no effect on Fe-S cluster synthesis in vivo.	Alanine	26-33	ferroxidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	97-101
17186026-4	2007	Here, we show that a marked change in the electrostatic properties of a specific region of Yfh1 surface - by substituting two or four acidic residues by lysine or alanine, respectively - impairs Fe-S cluster assembly, weakens the interaction between Yfh1 and Isu1, and increases oxidative damage.	Alanine	163-170	ferroxidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	91-95
17068812-6	2007	JSP-1 has no loop corresponding to the Lys120-loop of PTP1B, and tryptophan residue corresponding to the substrate-stacking in PTP1B is substituted by alanine residue in JSP-1.	Alanine	151-158	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
10887091-4	2000	Here, we characterise a C. elegans paired-like homeobox gene, CePhox2/ceh-17, expressed in five head neurons, ALA and the 4 SIAs, all of which project axons towards the tail along the lateral and sublateral cords.	Alanine	110-113	Homeobox protein ceh-17	Caenorhabditis elegans	70-76
10791965-7	2000	Both GR-Galpha(s)-S and GR-Galpha(s)-L bound the antagonist desHis(1)[Nle(9),Ala(11),Ala(16)]glucagon amide with affinities similar to GR.	Alanine	77-80	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	8-14
10791965-7	2000	Both GR-Galpha(s)-S and GR-Galpha(s)-L bound the antagonist desHis(1)[Nle(9),Ala(11),Ala(16)]glucagon amide with affinities similar to GR.	Alanine	77-80	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	27-38
10791965-7	2000	Both GR-Galpha(s)-S and GR-Galpha(s)-L bound the antagonist desHis(1)[Nle(9),Ala(11),Ala(16)]glucagon amide with affinities similar to GR.	Alanine	85-88	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	8-14
10791965-7	2000	Both GR-Galpha(s)-S and GR-Galpha(s)-L bound the antagonist desHis(1)[Nle(9),Ala(11),Ala(16)]glucagon amide with affinities similar to GR.	Alanine	85-88	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	27-38
10891092-5	2000	Replacement of W215 with Ala almost obliterates Na(+) binding, reduces the level of fibrinogen cleavage 500-fold, but decreases the levels of protein C activation and PAR-1 cleavage only 3- and 25-fold, respectively.	Alanine	25-28	protein C, inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa	Homo sapiens	142-151
10880530-4	2000	To further investigate the role of GSK-3, we have generated a retroviral vector that expresses a constitutively active form of GSK-3beta that has an alanine substitution at the regulatory amino acid, serine 9 (GSK-3betaA9).	Alanine	149-156	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	127-136
10799737-1	2000	The catalytic efficiencies of the allelic variants of human glutathione (GSH) S-transferase Pi (hGSTP1-1), which differ in their primary structures by the amino acids in positions 104 (isoleucine or valine) and/or 113 (alanine or valine), in the GSH conjugation (detoxification) of acrolein and crotonaldehyde have been determined.	Alanine	219-226	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	96-104
10888560-7	2000	In addition, analysis of compounds containing intact glucose C(5) carbon chains have indicated that glucose in the presence of L-alanine can lose either C-1 atom to produce a pentitol moiety responsible for the formation of furanmethanol or it can lose the C-6 atom to produce a pentose moiety responsible for the formation of furfural.	Alanine	127-136	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	153-156
10794694-4	2000	As previously reported, the corresponding linear heptapeptide Ac-Val-His-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ile-Ala-NH(2) (2) binds to hCyp-18 with a low affinity (IC(50) = 850 +/- 220 microM) but a potentially useful selectivity for hCyp-18 relative to hFKBP-12, another abundant PPIase.	Alanine	73-76	FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A pseudogene 4	Homo sapiens	231-239
10851034-5	2000	Two amino acid substitutions, Val-56--&gt;Ala-56 and Asp-64--&gt;Ser-64, were revealed in Cp2, as compared to the watermelon strain of the virus.	Alanine	42-45	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	90-93
10736562-1	2000	MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, 32 kDa) and its 20 kDa brother MARCKS-related protein (MRP) are abundant, widely distributed proteins unusually rich in alanine and glutamic acid, and with lysines, serines and phenylalanines concentrated in a compact "effector domain" (ED) near the middle of the sequence.	Alanine	22-29	MARCKS like 1	Homo sapiens	86-108
10736562-1	2000	MARCKS (myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, 32 kDa) and its 20 kDa brother MARCKS-related protein (MRP) are abundant, widely distributed proteins unusually rich in alanine and glutamic acid, and with lysines, serines and phenylalanines concentrated in a compact "effector domain" (ED) near the middle of the sequence.	Alanine	22-29	MARCKS like 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
10770802-2	2000	To explore the molecular basis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) binding to different peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of the 2C TCR.	Alanine	128-135	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	34-57
10805513-3	2000	Subjects with at least one Ala allele (n=210) had significantly higher body mass index (P=0.015) and waist circumference (P=0.028) and significantly higher levels of serum leptin (P= 0.022) than those without the allele.	Alanine	27-30	leptin	Homo sapiens	172-178
10782900-5	2000	METHODS: The CTLA-4 exon 1 polymorphism (A/G encoding for threonine or alanine, respectively) was genotyped via polymerase chain reaction in 200 Caucasoid PBC patients and 200 non-related geographically matched Caucasoid controls.	Alanine	71-78	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
10702308-7	2000	Furthermore, mutation to alanine of a conserved serine residue (Ser-192) in the activation loop between kinase domains VII and VIII abolishes both phosphorylation and activation of TAK1.	Alanine	25-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	181-185
10692438-5	2000	The affinity constants of MA-55F4C12 and MA-33H1F7 for PAI-1 were 2.7 +/- 1.6 x 10(9) M(-1) and 5.4 +/- 1.7 x 10(9) M(-1), respectively, but decreased between 13- and 270-fold upon mutation of Lys(154) to Ala(154) or Glu(128)-Val(129)-Glu(130)-Arg(131) to Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala.	Alanine	205-208	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
10712609-0	2000	A hydrophobic sequence at position 313-316 (Leu-Ala-Phe-Trp) in the fifth domain of apolipoprotein H (beta2-glycoprotein I) is crucial for cardiolipin binding.	Alanine	48-51	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	84-100
15016242-3	2000	A key determinant of GLP-1 and GLP-2 bioactivity is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which inactivates both peptides by cleavage at the position-2 alanine.	Alanine	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
10671525-3	2000	The results reveal that residues Ser-4, Leu-5, Pro-6, Pro-7, Ala-9, and Leu-10 endow CTx PnIB with affinity for alpha(7)/5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors; side chains of these residues cluster in a localized region within the three-dimensional structure of CTx PnIB.	Alanine	61-64	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
10652306-4	2000	We identify a cluster of three hydrophobic residues (Phe(42), Trp(60), and Phe(83)) that, when individually mutated to alanine in the context of the full-length receptor, cause the disruption of activin and inhibin binding to ActRII.	Alanine	119-126	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	195-202
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	57-64
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	131-138
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	131-138
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	inhibin subunit beta E	Homo sapiens	131-138
10615072-6	2000	Phosphorylation of H-Arg-Lys-Ile-Ser-Ala-Ser-Glu-Phe-Asp-Arg-Pro-Leu-Arg-OH (BPDEtide), a specific substrate for PKG, measured the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG).	Alanine	37-40	protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
21318523-0	2000	Using beta-Secretase Inhibitors to Distiguish the Generation of the Abeta Peptides Terminating at Val-40 and Ala-42.	Alanine	109-112	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	68-73
17045734-10	2007	A hFSHR mutant with all basic amino acids present in the iL3 BXXBB motif replaced by alanine failed to bind agonist and activate effector, and was expressed as an immature &lt; or =62kDa form of the receptor.	Alanine	85-92	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	2-7
21318523-5	2000	All mutations apparently alter amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism to increase the generation of Abeta peptides terminating at amino acid Ala-42.	Alanine	145-148	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	31-56
17587797-11	2007	We did find the Ala allele to be associated with increased BMI in those with high dietary PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio (p = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively); however, these findings were not confirmed using the GEE models.	Alanine	16-19	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	90-94
21318523-5	2000	All mutations apparently alter amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism to increase the generation of Abeta peptides terminating at amino acid Ala-42.	Alanine	145-148	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	104-109
17587797-11	2007	We did find the Ala allele to be associated with increased BMI in those with high dietary PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio (p = 0.007 and 0.01, respectively); however, these findings were not confirmed using the GEE models.	Alanine	16-19	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
10608868-3	1999	Guided by these results we have now performed an alanine scanning analysis of this region in uPAR by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequently measured the effects thereof on the kinetics of uPA binding in real-time by surface plasmon resonance.	Alanine	49-56	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	93-97
17484624-5	2007	Sequence analysis of the TTR-encoding DNA identified a single mutation, causing a valine to alanine substitution (V32A).	Alanine	92-99	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	25-28
10608868-4	1999	Only four positions in loop 3 of uPAR domain I exhibited significant changes in the contribution to the free energy of uPA binding (DeltaDeltaG &gt;/= 1.3 kcal mol(-1)) upon single-site substitutions to alanine (i.e. Arg(53), Leu(55), Tyr(57), and Leu(66)).	Alanine	203-210	plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor	Homo sapiens	33-37
10587439-2	1999	To identify which residues of MCP-1 contribute to signaling though CCR2, we mutated all the surface-exposed residues to alanine and other amino acids and made some selective large changes at the amino terminus.	Alanine	120-127	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
17994383-0	2007	Alpha78(EF7)Asn--&gt;Asp is a posttranslational modification in Hb J-Singapore [alpha78(EF7)Asn--&gt;Asp;alpha79(EF8)Ala--&gt;Gly].	Alanine	117-120	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule D	Homo sapiens	8-11
17994383-0	2007	Alpha78(EF7)Asn--&gt;Asp is a posttranslational modification in Hb J-Singapore [alpha78(EF7)Asn--&gt;Asp;alpha79(EF8)Ala--&gt;Gly].	Alanine	117-120	FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule D	Homo sapiens	88-91
10527932-6	1999	Using site-directed mutagenesis, the cDNA for human GH was altered to encode four different proteins each with one of four cysteine residues changed to alanine.	Alanine	152-159	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	52-54
17040910-4	2006	Four conserved residues in the C-terminal loop of DPP8 (Phe(822), Val(833), Tyr(844), and His(859)), corresponding to those located at the dimer interface of DPP-IV, were individually mutated to Ala.	Alanine	195-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	50-54
10724097-5	1999	CTLA4 exon 1 position 49 (A/G: codon 17: Thr/Ala) polymorphism was defined, employing PCR-RFLP.	Alanine	45-48	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
16824733-6	2006	Mutation of S176 to alanine not only abolishes autophosphorylation of RIP2 but also significantly decreases its catalytic activity.	Alanine	20-27	receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
10529171-2	1999	To identify the regions of MCP-1 that contact its receptor, CCR2, we substituted all surface-exposed residues with alanine.	Alanine	115-122	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
17164363-4	2006	Among 376 men and women with colorectal cancer and 849 controls, a reduced risk of colorectal cancer was observed for Val/Val versus Ala carriers of MTHFR Ala(222)Val [odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-1.00].	Alanine	133-136	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	149-154
10556563-8	1999	The other two cleavage sites in alpha(2)M by lebetase are Gly(679)-Leu(680) and His(694)-Ala(695).	Alanine	89-92	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	32-41
17030608-5	2006	Mutation of both serines to alanine uncouples BRF1 from PKB regulation, leading to constitutive mRNA decay even in the presence of stabilizing signals.	Alanine	28-35	BRF1 RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor subunit	Homo sapiens	46-50
17120122-4	2006	The earliest amino acids, alanine and glycine, have been encoded by GCC and GGC codons, as today.	Alanine	26-33	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	76-79
10491089-10	1999	To delineate the core residue of SNP-1 responsible for binding, each amino acid residue has been replaced by alanine.	Alanine	109-116	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70	Homo sapiens	33-38
17032734-6	2006	A series of domain deletion mutants and substitution mutations at phosphorylation sites (from serine to alanine) on GFAP demonstrated that serine 8 in the head domain is essential for the direct association of GFAP to 14-3-3gamma.	Alanine	104-111	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	116-120
16887887-7	2006	Mutation of these residues into Ala (5A FSH-R) significantly reduced the stability of FSH-induced beta-arrestin 1 and 2 interaction when compared with the wild-type receptor.	Alanine	32-35	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	40-45
10438467-2	1999	To determine which physicochemical characteristics of these sites determine their roles in anesthetic actions, an extensive series of single amino acid mutations at amino acid residue 288 (Ala-288) in TM3 of the alpha1 GlyR subunit was tested for modulation by volatile anesthetics.	Alanine	189-192	glycine receptor alpha 1	Homo sapiens	212-223
16828555-7	2006	Accordingly, site-directed mutagenesis of Gln-148 of 15-PGDH to alanine, glutamic acid, histidine, and asparagine (Q148A, Q148E, Q148H, and Q148N) was carried out.	Alanine	64-71	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	53-60
10430867-2	1999	We report here the identification and characterization of a human ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	160-163	adenosine deaminase RNA specific	Homo sapiens	66-70
16765105-5	2006	The homeobrain-like (hbnl) gene is a paired-like gene that contains a conserved homeodomain, octapeptide region, alanine stretches, and an OAR domain.	Alanine	113-120	homeobrain	Drosophila melanogaster	4-14
10383467-7	1999	The repressive domain within ZF87/MAZ is located in the amino-terminal half of the protein, a region rich in proline and alanine residues.	Alanine	121-128	MYC-associated zinc finger protein (purine-binding transcription factor)	Mus musculus	34-37
16689683-4	2006	Screening scanning alanine substitution peptide arrays, coupled with mutagenesis and truncation studies, allowed definition of RACK1 and beta-arrestin interaction sites.	Alanine	19-26	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
10383467-8	1999	ZF87/MAZ therefore shares features (i.e. a Pro/Ala-rich region) with those of known transcriptional repressor proteins.	Alanine	47-50	MYC-associated zinc finger protein (purine-binding transcription factor)	Mus musculus	5-8
10373549-5	1999	These data were supported by the fact that mutation of residue S473 of PKB to alanine did not prevent it from being activated by forskolin.	Alanine	78-85	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	71-74
10366729-1	1999	The structure of chicken osteostatin or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) (residues 107-139) containing an Ala/Thr substitution at the N-terminus was studied using two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy in an aqueous environment.	Alanine	117-120	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Gallus gallus	40-75
10366729-1	1999	The structure of chicken osteostatin or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) (residues 107-139) containing an Ala/Thr substitution at the N-terminus was studied using two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy in an aqueous environment.	Alanine	117-120	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Gallus gallus	77-82
10347200-4	1999	Asp-454, Ile-455, and Gly-457 of smooth muscle myosin were substituted by Ala, Met, and Ala, respectively, and the mechano-enzymatic activities were determined to study the role of these residues in myosin motor function.	Alanine	88-91	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	47-53
10336493-6	1999	Functional analysis of the E2F1 core domain demonstrated that replacement of phenylalanine residues 413, 425, and 429 with alanine reduces both transcriptional activation of the dhfr promoter and protein-protein interactions with CBP, transcription factor (TF) IIH, and TATA-binding protein (TBP).	Alanine	83-90	E2F transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	27-31
10187811-4	1999	Alanine substitutions at positions 17, 21, and 24 (which lie on the same helical face) greatly inhibited E5 association with the PDGF-R, suggesting that this region comprises the receptor binding site.	Alanine	0-7	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	129-135
10187811-5	1999	PDGF-R activation also mapped to a specific but broader domain in E5; mutant proteins with alanines on one helical face (positions 8, 9, 11, 16, 19, 22, and 23) continued to induce PDGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas mutant proteins with alanines on the opposite helical face (positions 7, 10, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, and 25) did not, indicating that the latter helical face was critical for mediating receptor transphosphorylation.	Alanine	91-99	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-6
10187811-5	1999	PDGF-R activation also mapped to a specific but broader domain in E5; mutant proteins with alanines on one helical face (positions 8, 9, 11, 16, 19, 22, and 23) continued to induce PDGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas mutant proteins with alanines on the opposite helical face (positions 7, 10, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, and 25) did not, indicating that the latter helical face was critical for mediating receptor transphosphorylation.	Alanine	243-251	platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-6
10206644-7	1999	Either of the Asp --> Ala mutations also prevented the normal endoproteolysis of presenilin-1 in the TM6 --> TM7 cytoplasmic loop.	Alanine	22-25	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	81-93
10194762-6	1999	In vitro precipitation with a glutathione-S-transferase-fusion protein containing the C-terminal transactivation domain of STAT5a showed GH-regulated association of ERK1/2 with the fusion protein, while this was not seen when serine 780 in STAT5a was changed to alanine.	Alanine	262-269	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Cricetulus griseus	123-129
10087200-6	1999	When the presumptive active site histidine was altered to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme activity was abolished, confirming the classification of (MMU)Minpp1 as a histidine phosphatase.	Alanine	58-65	multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	165-171
10069813-6	1999	Mutagenesis of Clc1p was used to map major phosphorylation sites to serines 52 and 112, but conversion of all 14 serines in Clc1p to alanines [S(all)A] was necessary to eliminate phosphorylation.	Alanine	133-141	Clc1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-20
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	TNF receptor associated factor 6	Homo sapiens	100-105
9990007-5	1999	However, single aa substitution of Glu-235 in cyt-N of human CD40 with Ala abolishes the binding of TRAF6 to cyt-N and NFkappaB activation by cyt-N. Conservation of this Glu between mouse and human CD40 strongly suggests that TRAF6 could link cyt-N to signals essential for CD40-mediated immune response.	Alanine	71-74	TNF receptor associated factor 6	Homo sapiens	226-231
9989991-4	1999	Alanine substitution of two groups of amino acids in this area abrogated the binding of dIgA to pIgR, whereas adjacent substitutions in a beta-strand immediately NH2-terminal to this loop had no effect.	Alanine	0-7	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	96-100
10780478-3	1999	Here, we found that other mature tRNAs of Drosophila were also hyperprocessed by M1 RNA in vitro and that some of such tRNAs were probably alanine and histidine tRNAs.	Alanine	139-146	transfer RNA:Serine-AGA 3-1	Drosophila melanogaster	33-38
10780478-3	1999	Here, we found that other mature tRNAs of Drosophila were also hyperprocessed by M1 RNA in vitro and that some of such tRNAs were probably alanine and histidine tRNAs.	Alanine	139-146	transfer RNA:Serine-AGA 3-1	Drosophila melanogaster	119-124
10780478-3	1999	Here, we found that other mature tRNAs of Drosophila were also hyperprocessed by M1 RNA in vitro and that some of such tRNAs were probably alanine and histidine tRNAs.	Alanine	139-146	transfer RNA:Serine-AGA 3-1	Drosophila melanogaster	119-124
9851827-8	1998	A series of mutant p47(phox) proteins in which the individual cysteine (C98, C111, C196, and C378) was replaced with alanine revealed that all four cysteines of p47(phox) are reactive to IANBD.	Alanine	117-124	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	19-22
9851827-8	1998	A series of mutant p47(phox) proteins in which the individual cysteine (C98, C111, C196, and C378) was replaced with alanine revealed that all four cysteines of p47(phox) are reactive to IANBD.	Alanine	117-124	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	23-27
9851827-8	1998	A series of mutant p47(phox) proteins in which the individual cysteine (C98, C111, C196, and C378) was replaced with alanine revealed that all four cysteines of p47(phox) are reactive to IANBD.	Alanine	117-124	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	161-164
9851827-8	1998	A series of mutant p47(phox) proteins in which the individual cysteine (C98, C111, C196, and C378) was replaced with alanine revealed that all four cysteines of p47(phox) are reactive to IANBD.	Alanine	117-124	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	165-169
9928252-1	1998	We have identified a conserved threonine residue in the second intracellular (i2) loop of the 5-HT1A receptor that when mutated to alanine prevents coupling to G beta gamma-mediated signaling, while preserving G alpha i-induced actions.	Alanine	131-138	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	94-109
9813042-6	1998	Alanine substitutions of three previously characterized phosphorylation sites in Gsy2p, Ser-650, Ser-654, or Thr-667, each suppressed the glycogen defect in cells unable to respire, suggesting that inactivation of this enzyme is mediated by phosphorylation of these residues.	Alanine	0-7	glycogen (starch) synthase GSY2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	81-86
9740251-4	1998	Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products revealed a T to C transition within codon 323 of K5 in affected individuals, resulting in a valine to alanine substitution of the seventh residue within the L12 linker domain.	Alanine	158-165	keratin 5	Homo sapiens	105-107
9710614-10	1998	Mutation of the proline residues in the K-G-P-P-L-P motif to alanines prevented CD2-mediated activation of integrin function and PI 3-K activity but not mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity.	Alanine	61-69	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	80-83
9685384-3	1998	In order to determine the functions of each of the conserved residues, alanine scanning mutagenesis was carried out on the Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain gene.	Alanine	71-78	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	137-143
9777417-9	1998	MASP of the second group has structural features which are distinct from those of the first group: an absence of a histidine loop, an active-serine encoded by AGY, and an alanine or valine as the amino acid residue at the -3 position from the active-serine.	Alanine	171-178	MBL associated serine protease 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9765616-6	1998	Only one Fe-NTA-induced RCC of grade 1 revealed missense mutations with loss of heterozygosity in exon 10 of the Tsc2 gene (codons 334, GTG (Val) to GCG (Ala), and 336, TAT (Tyr) to CAT (His).	Alanine	154-157	TSC complex subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
9660757-5	1998	Overexpression of Galphaq with PLCbeta3 or PLCbeta (Ser1105--&gt; Ala) mutant in COSM6 cells resulted in a 5-fold increase in [3H]phosphatidylinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation compared with expression of Galphaq, PLCbeta3, or PLCbeta3 (Ser1105 --&gt; Ala mutant alone.	Alanine	66-69	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	18-25
9661882-1	1998	In a search for mutations of the type I transforming growth factor beta receptor (TbetaR-I), we mapped the gene to 9q22 and found a common polymorphism [TbetaR-I(6A)] and a rare variant [TbetaR-I(10A)] of TbetaR-I, causing an in-frame deletion of three alanines and an in-frame insertion of one alanine, respectively, in the receptor"s extracellular domain.	Alanine	253-260	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-90
9687021-6	1998	The order for k(cat)/Km values of AAP-S at the optimal pH (pH 7.5) was Lys-&gt;Met-&gt;Arg-&gt;Ala-&gt;Leu-&gt;Phe-&gt;Tyr-&gt;Lys-Ala-MCAs.	Alanine	95-98	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
9687021-6	1998	The order for k(cat)/Km values of AAP-S at the optimal pH (pH 7.5) was Lys-&gt;Met-&gt;Arg-&gt;Ala-&gt;Leu-&gt;Phe-&gt;Tyr-&gt;Lys-Ala-MCAs.	Alanine	131-134	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
9524113-3	1998	Comparison of wild-type versus K18 Ser33--&gt;Ala/Asp transfected cells showed that K18 Ser33 phosphorylation is essential for the association of K18 with 14-3-3 proteins, and plays a role in keratin organization and distribution.	Alanine	46-49	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	84-87
9524113-3	1998	Comparison of wild-type versus K18 Ser33--&gt;Ala/Asp transfected cells showed that K18 Ser33 phosphorylation is essential for the association of K18 with 14-3-3 proteins, and plays a role in keratin organization and distribution.	Alanine	46-49	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	84-87
9568986-2	1998	Replacement of proline by alanine (ATK) in the PTK motif abolished transmission almost completely both from plants and from membranes.	Alanine	26-33	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	47-50
9525577-2	1998	We constructed a mutant form of HVS in which prolines in the SH3B motif of Tip were altered to alanines.	Alanine	95-103	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	75-78
9551089-11	1998	To get further insight into the mechanism of the paradoxical activation of receptor signalling by the R86P mutation, the codons for proline, alanine, and glycine were substituted in the R86 position of the insulin receptor cDNA by PCR-mediated mutagenesis and stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.	Alanine	141-148	insulin receptor	Cricetulus griseus	206-222
9502416-8	1998	Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the protein revealed a Gly-Pro-Ala-Lys-Ser-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Val-Leu-Gln-His-Ser-Arg sequence indistinguishable from an amino-terminal protein sequence deduced from a cDNA clone designated beta ig-h3, and it as well as the abnormal accumulations in GCD cross-reacted with beta ig-h3 antiserum.	Alanine	67-70	guanylate cyclase 2E, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	283-286
9525277-4	1998	In addition, GSTP1-1 mutants in which amino residue 105 is alanine (GSTP1-1/A-105) or tryptophan (GSTP1-1/W-105) have been constructed and characterized.	Alanine	59-66	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	13-20
9525277-4	1998	In addition, GSTP1-1 mutants in which amino residue 105 is alanine (GSTP1-1/A-105) or tryptophan (GSTP1-1/W-105) have been constructed and characterized.	Alanine	59-66	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	68-75
9525277-4	1998	In addition, GSTP1-1 mutants in which amino residue 105 is alanine (GSTP1-1/A-105) or tryptophan (GSTP1-1/W-105) have been constructed and characterized.	Alanine	59-66	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	68-75
9865467-0	1998	Ser752 mutation to Pro or Ala in the beta3 integrin subunit differentially affects the kinetics of cell spreading to von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen.	Alanine	26-29	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
9388263-3	1997	To determine if the equivalent residue in the related thiol ester-containing protein human alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M), asparagine 1065, plays a similar role, we have expressed and characterized four alpha2M variants in which this asparagine has been replaced by aspartate, alanine, histidine, or lysine.	Alanine	277-284	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
9398726-2	1997	Because the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) alanine-17 encoded by the CTLA4 gene on chromosome 2q33 confers susceptibility to Graves" disease, as well as to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we investigated this dimorphism in the other endocrine autoimmune disorders: Hashimoto"s thyroiditis and Addison"s disease.	Alanine	53-60	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-44
9398726-2	1997	Because the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) alanine-17 encoded by the CTLA4 gene on chromosome 2q33 confers susceptibility to Graves" disease, as well as to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we investigated this dimorphism in the other endocrine autoimmune disorders: Hashimoto"s thyroiditis and Addison"s disease.	Alanine	53-60	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
9398726-2	1997	Because the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) alanine-17 encoded by the CTLA4 gene on chromosome 2q33 confers susceptibility to Graves" disease, as well as to type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we investigated this dimorphism in the other endocrine autoimmune disorders: Hashimoto"s thyroiditis and Addison"s disease.	Alanine	53-60	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
9398726-9	1997	In conclusion, an alanine at codon 17 of CTLA4 confers genetic susceptibility to Hashimoto"s thyroiditis, whereas this applies only to the subgroup of DQA1*0501+ patients with Addison"s disease.	Alanine	18-25	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
9427544-6	1997	The Amycolata pectate lyase contains a signal peptide of 26 amino acids, that is cleaved after the sequence Ala-Thr-Ala.	Alanine	108-111	SSPG_RS28360	Streptomyces lividans TK24	22-27
9359858-1	1997	Met-157 in the active site of human glyoxalase I was changed by site-directed mutagenesis into alanine, glutamine or histidine in order to evaluate its possible role in catalysis.	Alanine	95-102	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	36-48
9390563-3	1997	In affected members of a CORD2-linked family, the highly conserved glutamic acid at the first position of the recognition helix is replaced by alanine (E80A).	Alanine	143-150	cone-rod homeobox	Homo sapiens	25-30
9347802-0	1997	An alanine to proline mutation in the 1A rod domain of the keratin 10 chain in epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.	Alanine	3-10	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	59-69
9343420-6	1997	The replacement of three arginine residues by alanines in the M-Twist basic domain was sufficient to abolish both the binding and inhibition of MyoD by M-Twist, while the domain retained other M-Twist functions such as heterodimerization with an E protein and inhibition of MEF2 transactivation.	Alanine	46-54	myogenic differentiation 1	Mus musculus	144-148
9369444-3	1997	To further identify the binding site for hGrb10, all conserved tyrosine residues in the kinase domain of the insulin receptor were replaced with either phenylalanine or alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	158-165	growth factor receptor bound protein 10	Homo sapiens	41-47
9347848-9	1997	RESULTS: Concomitant hGH and EGF treatment up-regulates glucose (100%), glutamine (80%), and leucine (60%) transport in the proximal remnant; alanine (150%) and arginine (400%) transport in the distal remnant; and microvillus height (25% to 35%) both proximally and distally.	Alanine	142-149	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	29-32
9299520-2	1997	The four possible isoforms of hGSTP1-1 with isoleucine or valine in position 104 and with alanine or valine in position 113 were produced by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA followed by bacterial expression and purification of the proteins.	Alanine	90-97	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	30-38
9268342-6	1997	The Asp-174 and His-208 are conserved among several esterases and are demonstrated herein to be essential for LysoPLA I activity as the mutation of either residue to Ala abolished LysoPLA I activity, whereas the global conformation of the mutants remained unchanged.	Alanine	166-169	lysophospholipase 1	Mus musculus	110-119
9268342-6	1997	The Asp-174 and His-208 are conserved among several esterases and are demonstrated herein to be essential for LysoPLA I activity as the mutation of either residue to Ala abolished LysoPLA I activity, whereas the global conformation of the mutants remained unchanged.	Alanine	166-169	lysophospholipase 1	Mus musculus	180-189
9285683-3	1997	Mutation of proline 337 within this sequence to alanine significantly impairs the ability of PTP-PEST to recognise tyrosine phosphorylated p130cas as a substrate, without qualitatively affecting the selectivity of the interaction.	Alanine	48-55	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	139-146
9169431-2	1997	To identify structural features of ABD1 required for enzyme function, we introduced alanine mutations at 19 positions within a 205-amino acid region of similarity to the methyltransferase domain of the vaccinia capping enzyme.	Alanine	84-91	mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-39
9194183-1	1997	We performed a series of experiments using alanine-scanning mutagenesis to locate side chains within human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that are involved in human G-CSF receptor binding.	Alanine	43-50	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	107-144
9194183-1	1997	We performed a series of experiments using alanine-scanning mutagenesis to locate side chains within human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that are involved in human G-CSF receptor binding.	Alanine	43-50	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	146-151
9194183-1	1997	We performed a series of experiments using alanine-scanning mutagenesis to locate side chains within human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that are involved in human G-CSF receptor binding.	Alanine	43-50	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	180-185
9191406-0	1997	Scanning alanine mutagenesis of the second Ig domain of Fc gamma RI indicates critical residues for ligand recognition.	Alanine	9-16	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	56-67
9150409-6	1997	In addition, a dramatic change in the catalytic activity was observed when the histidine residue (27d) in the CDR1 light chain was replaced with alanine.	Alanine	145-152	cerebellar degeneration related protein 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
9094424-0	1997	Analysis of the contribution of the hinge region of human neutrophil collagenase (HNC, MMP-8) to stability and collagenolytic activity by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	58-80
9094424-0	1997	Analysis of the contribution of the hinge region of human neutrophil collagenase (HNC, MMP-8) to stability and collagenolytic activity by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	87-92
9094424-1	1997	Analysis of the hinge region of neutrophil collagenase by alanine scanning mutagenesis revealed that this sequence motif has a pronounced effect on the stability and collagenolytic activity of the active enzyme.	Alanine	58-65	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	32-54
9038155-6	1997	Alanine substitutions at positions on the smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase peptide, corresponding to Trp-800 and Arg-812 in the enzyme, produced an 8-fold increase in the enzyme inhibition constant in contrast with the abolition of calmodulin binding by similar mutations in the parent enzyme.	Alanine	0-7	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	42-81
9032467-2	1997	Unlike the mutations Lys165--&gt;Ala, Lys166--&gt;Ala in TF, which prevent efficient proteolysis of factor X, we found that the coagulant defect of a site-specific Trp158--&gt;Arg, Ser160--&gt;Gly replacement mutant of TF is largely attributable to the inability of TF to efficiently support the activation of the bound zymogen VII to the active protease VIIa.	Alanine	50-53	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	57-59
9147311-5	1997	One analog, Lys-Arg-Ala-Lys-Phe-Met-Met-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Let-NH2, showed a exceptional high affinity for the NK1 receptor, with IC50 = 5 pM.	Alanine	20-23	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-120
8995362-4	1997	We have expressed and characterized lipase mutants with tryptophan to alanine substitutions at positions 55, 114, 382, 390, 393, and 394 and a double mutant at residues 393 and 394.	Alanine	70-77	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
8989248-0	1997	CTLA4 alanine-17 confers genetic susceptibility to Graves" disease and to type 1 diabetes mellitus.	Alanine	6-13	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
8989248-8	1997	In conclusion, an alanine at codon 17 of CTLA4 is associated with genetic susceptibility to Graves" disease as well as to IDDM.	Alanine	18-25	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
18475769-0	1997	Ternary Complexes of cis-(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2) (cis-DDP) With Guanosine (guo), Cytidine (cyd) and the Aminoacids Glycine (gly), L-Alanine (ala), L-2-Aminobutyric Acid (2-aba), L-Norvaline (nval) and L-Norleucine (nleu).	Alanine	124-133	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	48-51
18475769-0	1997	Ternary Complexes of cis-(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2) (cis-DDP) With Guanosine (guo), Cytidine (cyd) and the Aminoacids Glycine (gly), L-Alanine (ala), L-2-Aminobutyric Acid (2-aba), L-Norvaline (nval) and L-Norleucine (nleu).	Alanine	135-138	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	48-51
18475815-0	1997	Ternary Complexes of cis-(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2) (cis-DDP) With Guanosine (guo), Cytidine (cyd) and the Aminoacids Glycine (gly), L-Alanine (ala), L-2-Aminobutyric Acid (2-aba), L-Norvaline (nval) and L-Norleucine (nleu).	Alanine	124-133	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	48-51
18475815-0	1997	Ternary Complexes of cis-(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2) (cis-DDP) With Guanosine (guo), Cytidine (cyd) and the Aminoacids Glycine (gly), L-Alanine (ala), L-2-Aminobutyric Acid (2-aba), L-Norvaline (nval) and L-Norleucine (nleu).	Alanine	135-138	translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 8A	Homo sapiens	48-51
9010776-7	1996	We isolated a candidate cDNA for ABP-2, and the protein it encoded contained nine Zn fingers and regions rich in alanine, glutamine, serine/threonine, glycine, histidine, and asparagine.	Alanine	113-120	lava lamp	Drosophila melanogaster	33-38
28757146-4	2017	We show that deletion of the N terminus or alanine substitutions in the C terminus of FGF9 skews the delicate ligand equilibrium toward active FGF9 monomers causing off-target binding and activation of FGFR b isoforms.	Alanine	43-50	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	86-90
28757146-4	2017	We show that deletion of the N terminus or alanine substitutions in the C terminus of FGF9 skews the delicate ligand equilibrium toward active FGF9 monomers causing off-target binding and activation of FGFR b isoforms.	Alanine	43-50	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	143-147
28575395-2	2017	Several mouse models have been generated to study OPMD; however, most of these models have employed transgenic overexpression of alanine-expanded PABPN1.	Alanine	129-136	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	146-152
28575395-4	2017	We have developed a knock-in mouse model of OPMD (Pabpn1+/A17) that contains one alanine-expanded Pabpn1 allele under the control of the native promoter and one wild-type Pabpn1 allele.	Alanine	81-88	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	50-61
16717090-3	2006	We used gene targeting to replace the wild-type Ser(51) allele with an Ala in the eIF2alpha gene to test the hypothesis that translational control through eIF2alpha phosphorylation is a central death stimulus in eukaryotic cells.	Alanine	71-74	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2	Mus musculus	82-91
8950262-9	1996	When smaller side-chains were replaced by alanine, the binding properties of Fab mutants differed slightly (by less than a factor of two), but significantly from that of Fab 57P.	Alanine	42-49	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	77-80
8950262-9	1996	When smaller side-chains were replaced by alanine, the binding properties of Fab mutants differed slightly (by less than a factor of two), but significantly from that of Fab 57P.	Alanine	42-49	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	170-173
16125301-2	2006	An association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 133 of the RASSF1 gene, encoding either alanine (GCT) or serine (TCT), and human cancer risk remains undefined.	Alanine	111-118	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	82-88
8798434-5	1996	A series of alanine substitution peptides were synthesized based on the sequence of hPGP(N) to determine the importance of each residue to the peptide"s function.	Alanine	12-19	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	84-88
16819881-4	2006	The mutant TRbeta(H435A) is nonresponsive to physiological concentrations of T3 but can be activated by the synthetic hormone analogue QH2 which potently activates His435--&gt;Ala mutant at concentrations that do not activate the wild-type receptors TRalpha and TRbeta.	Alanine	176-179	T cell receptor alpha locus	Homo sapiens	250-257
28679759-4	2017	In order to define the regions within GP1 that interact with the cellular receptors, we implemented insertional mutagenesis, carbohydrate shielding, and alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	153-160	GTP binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
8798434-7	1996	Alanine substitutions of amino acids in positions 2, 5, and 9 dramatically decreased the inhibitory effect of analog hPGP(N).	Alanine	0-7	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	117-121
28684042-7	2017	Replacement of the highly conserved GLAPAP sequence within the GLPAPWISL motif with alanine residues resulted in endocytosis of the CD8/FcRn chimera to the early endosomes which was then trafficked predominantly to the late endosomes rather than the recycling endosomes.	Alanine	84-91	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	132-135
8702971-3	1996	Previous studies using alanine mutagenesis have identified TF residues Lys165 and Lys166 as important for factor X (FX) activation, hypothesizing either that these residues interact with phospholipid head groups or that they directly or indirectly promote macromolecular substrate binding.	Alanine	23-30	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	59-61
28562331-8	2017	In contrast, the GLI1 alanine mutant (GLI13A) shows weaker binding with beta-TrCP, which is accompanied by reduced beta-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation.	Alanine	22-29	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
16485113-7	2006	Replacement of the serine by alanine at the only SGK consensus sequence (RXRXXS/T) in stargazin enhanced the efficacy of stargazin but did not prevent further stimulation of IGlu by additional coexpression of SGK3.	Alanine	29-36	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	49-52
8702971-7	1996	To test this hypothesis, we mutated both residues Lys165 and Lys166 of TF to Ala, Glu, or Gln and examined the ability of these double mutants to support FVIIa-mediated activation of FX, Gla domainless FX, and factor IX (FIX).	Alanine	77-80	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	71-73
16531413-7	2006	Here, we have extended that work, examining the other predicted extracellular domains of the motilin receptor by using sequential deletions of segments ranging from one to six amino acid residues and site-directed alanine replacement mutagenesis approaches.	Alanine	214-221	motilin	Homo sapiens	93-100
28625849-2	2017	A straightforward approach to identify hidden allosteric sites is demonstrated in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) by creation of single alanine mutations in the catalytic acid loop of PTP1B and VHR.	Alanine	140-147	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	188-193
8814222-3	1996	The substitution of alanine or lysine for the histidine at position 98 in the ST-40 enzyme resulted in a loss of ST activities toward dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androsterone (AD) and cortisol (CS).	Alanine	20-27	sulfotransferase family 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-preferring, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
16619031-4	2006	Simultaneous alanine substitution for serine or threonine in all the canonical CDK-phosphorylation motifs severely reduces complex formation between Sld2 and Dpb11, and inhibits DNA replication.	Alanine	13-20	Sld2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	149-153
8877771-4	1996	By SSCP analysis and direct sequencing, we determined a new missense mutation in the HERG coding sequence, a G to A transition at position 1681 resulting in the substitution of threonine for a highly conserved alanine at codon 561.	Alanine	210-217	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	85-89
16734764-2	2006	As the transport process performed by SNAT2 is highly energized, system A substrates, such as glutamine, glycine, proline and alanine, reach high transmembrane gradients and constitute major components of the intracellular amino acid pool.	Alanine	126-133	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
28438540-7	2017	A systematic amino acid scanning (Ala, Leu, Phe, Ser, Glu, or Arg) of desamino OT (dOT) at positions 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 revealed the tolerability for the substitution at positions 7 and 8.	Alanine	34-37	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-81
28179111-5	2017	The potential for formation of the C12-C20 oxidized conformation can be removed by alanine substitution at C12 (C12A) leading to stabilized reduced XRCC1 with a lower pol beta binding affinity.	Alanine	83-90	X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 1	Mus musculus	148-153
8754837-0	1996	A soluble transcription factor, Oct-1, is also found in the insoluble nuclear matrix and possesses silencing activity in its alanine-rich domain.	Alanine	125-132	POU class 2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
8754837-5	1996	The silencing activity of Oct-1 was localized in its C-terminal alanine-rich domain, suggesting that Oct-1 plays a role in silencing of the hTSHbeta promoter.	Alanine	64-71	POU class 2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
16289913-5	2006	The expression of all subunits increased with increase in infection time up to 72 h. We have also over expressed three mutant forms of eIF2alpha viz, S51A, S51D, and S48A in which the serine at 51 or 48 position is replaced by an alanine or aspartic acid with 6x histidine tag at the N-terminus.	Alanine	230-237	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	135-144
8754837-5	1996	The silencing activity of Oct-1 was localized in its C-terminal alanine-rich domain, suggesting that Oct-1 plays a role in silencing of the hTSHbeta promoter.	Alanine	64-71	POU class 2 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	101-106
16618121-3	2006	In support of this, the substitution of Arg-150 of fXa with Ala (R150A) impaired the reactivity of the mutant with AT by 1 order of magnitude specifically in the presence H5.	Alanine	60-63	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	51-54
8626671-4	1996	To this end, we studied double-point mutants of IRS-1, in which serines 612/632 and 662/731 were replaced with alanine.	Alanine	111-118	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
16618804-3	2006	Here we show that replacement of both beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tyrosines with alanines, resulting in the loss of all PTB domain interaction, causes complete loss of beta1 integrin function in vivo.	Alanine	80-88	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	38-52
8639545-7	1996	Each of the five cysteines of the UL80 protease was individually mutated to Ala.	Alanine	76-79	capsid maturation protease	Human betaherpesvirus 5	34-38
16618804-3	2006	Here we show that replacement of both beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tyrosines with alanines, resulting in the loss of all PTB domain interaction, causes complete loss of beta1 integrin function in vivo.	Alanine	80-88	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	167-181
16584196-1	2006	The kinetics and thermodynamics of the alkaline and acid conformational transitions of a Lys 79 --&gt; Ala/Asn 52 --&gt; Gly (A79G52) variant of iso-1-cytochrome c are studied.	Alanine	103-106	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
8621524-3	1996	Substitution of each of four amino acids in the basic region of ARNT with alanine severely diminishes or abolishes XRE binding, intimating that these amino acids contact DNA bases.	Alanine	74-81	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Homo sapiens	64-68
16436377-4	2006	Site-specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of the three phosphorylation sites by four PDH kinases (PDK1-4) and two PDH phosphatases (PDP1-2) were investigated by substituting serines with alanine or glutamate in PDHs.	Alanine	193-200	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-110
8596913-2	1996	Changing the glutamic acid to an alanine in bovine alpha(T) yielded an alpha subunit (alpha(T)E203A) that was fully dependent on rhodopsin for GTP-guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange and showed GTP hydrolytic activity similar to that measured for wild-type alpha(T).	Alanine	33-40	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	129-138
16467380-8	2006	However, one of the sites is predicted to be a substrate of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and yeast expressing Myo2p with alanine substitutions is resistant to otherwise lethal overexpression of PKA, whereas the glutamic acid mutant is supersensitive to overexpression of PKA.	Alanine	129-136	myosin 2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	118-123
8605020-1	1996	To investigate whether residues in the extracellular domains of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) are required for ligand binding, a number of mutants were constructed where charged residues were converted to alanine.	Alanine	206-213	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	64-87
16307897-2	2006	The feasibility of the experiments in coupled spin-1/2 systems is demonstrated for fully 13C-labelled L-alanine and Pb3P4O13 crystalline compounds, considered as model three-spin and four-spin systems, respectively.	Alanine	102-111	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	46-54
8605020-1	1996	To investigate whether residues in the extracellular domains of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) are required for ligand binding, a number of mutants were constructed where charged residues were converted to alanine.	Alanine	206-213	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	89-93
8611037-5	1996	Three mutations were identified in Gunn CYP2C11 form: Val4 --&gt; Ala in the transmembrane region, Asn116 --&gt; Ser in the substrate recognition site SRS-1, and Phe187 --&gt; Leu in the (E --&gt; F) interhelical region when compared to the spatial structure of CYP101.	Alanine	66-69	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	40-47
16210695-3	2006	TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) is known to cleave TNF at the Ala-76-Val-77 site.	Alanine	65-68	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	0-27
16210695-3	2006	TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) is known to cleave TNF at the Ala-76-Val-77 site.	Alanine	65-68	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	29-33
8981012-7	1996	This study also confirms that the allele HLA DQA1* 0501 confers susceptibility to Graves" disease, furthermore, that the CTLA4-alanine 17 allele is an additional predisposing factor.	Alanine	127-134	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
9015866-9	1996	These results provide evidence for a nonconserved role of this conserved alanine in coupling of group I GPCRs to PI PLC-activating G proteins and also suggest that this residue has differential roles in regulating expression and signaling by rat and human PAFRs.	Alanine	73-80	phospholipase C, delta 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
16239256-6	2006	We overexpressed a perilipin A construct in NIH-C/EBPalpha cells where the six serine residues known to be phosphorylated by protein kinase A were changed to alanine (Peri A Delta1-6).	Alanine	158-165	perilipin 1	Homo sapiens	19-28
8526238-5	1995	RESULTS: CSF concentrations of alanine were significantly elevated in the medicated patients when tardive dyskinesia status was controlled for.	Alanine	31-38	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	9-12
16300788-2	2006	Performing an alanine scan of actin, we identified discrete recognition determinants for CCT interaction.	Alanine	14-21	CCT	Homo sapiens	89-92
8522332-4	1995	The amino acid composition of an abnormal beta T14 peptide revealed that one of the four residues of Ala was replaced by a Val.	Alanine	101-104	CD27 molecule	Homo sapiens	47-50
16343415-1	2006	Cysteine-free mouse MDR3 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) was constructed by mutagenesis of the nine natural Cys to Ala.	Alanine	104-107	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	25-39
16343415-1	2006	Cysteine-free mouse MDR3 P-glycoprotein (Pgp) was constructed by mutagenesis of the nine natural Cys to Ala.	Alanine	104-107	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	41-44
8635999-1	1995	We examined whether the novel point mutation from GCC (Ala) to GAC (Asp) at codon 664 in exon 11 of RET proto-oncogene, which we had found in two small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines, existed in genomic DNA of tumor tissues of the two SCLC patients from whom these SCLC cell lines were derived.	Alanine	55-58	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	100-103
16490392-0	2006	Deletion and alanine mutation analyses for the formation of active homo- or hetero-dimer complexes of mouse choline kinase-alpha and -beta.	Alanine	13-20	choline kinase alpha	Mus musculus	108-138
7499264-9	1995	The P1-Arg amino acid residue of PAI-2 was determined to be required for protection, because cells expressing PAI-2 with an Ala in this position were not protected from TNF-mediated cell death.	Alanine	124-127	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
16251189-9	2005	Alanine scanning of cysteine residues of Gpx2 revealed that an intramolecular disulfide bond was formed between Cys37 and Cys83 in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	glutathione peroxidase GPX2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-45
8550075-9	1995	In one of these individuals, this V gamma 9+V delta 2+ T-cell clone expressed a very rare gamma delta TCR type because of the presence of an Ala within the junctional region at a conserved position relative to V delta framework residues (delta 97), which is very infrequently used by peripheral blood V gamma 9+V delta 2+ cells.	Alanine	141-144	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	102-105
16320156-9	2005	This mutation substitutes a non-polar amino acid (alanine) with a non-polar amino acid (valine), so that only a minimal impairment of the TSHR function is expected.	Alanine	50-57	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	138-142
16356863-3	2005	Consistent with this observation, independent mutational studies reveal that alanine substitutions of residues in the CDR1 loop of CD8beta have no effect on CD8alphabeta coreceptor function, whereas mutations in CD8beta CDR2 and CDR3 loops abolish CD8alphabeta coreceptor activity.	Alanine	77-84	CD8 antigen, beta chain 1	Mus musculus	131-138
16162493-5	2005	Moreover, a structural basis for R chiral specificity is also revealed; creation of a small oxygen pocket next to Gly(428) (Ala in all S-LOX isozymes) promoted C-8 oxygenation with R chirality on the activated fatty acid substrate.	Alanine	124-127	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	137-140
7559478-18	1995	Likewise, mutation of Ala-963 (+3) reduced IRS-1 but not SHC interaction.	Alanine	22-25	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
16267594-2	2005	Bis(amino acid) derivatives of 1,4-diamino-2-butyne having the general structure (Boc-Xxx-NHCH2C[triple bond])2 (Xxx = Ala, Phe and Met) were prepared and examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy.	Alanine	119-122	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	82-85
7651390-9	1995	Substitution of Ser-3 of Mos with Ala reduces the interaction with MKK and also reduces both the activation of MKK by Mos in vitro and cleavage arrest induced by Mos fusion protein in Xenopus embryos.	Alanine	34-37	MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	25-28
16274242-0	2005	Thermodynamics and kinetics of formation of the alkaline state of a Lys 79--&gt;Ala/Lys 73--&gt;His variant of iso-1-cytochrome c.	Alanine	80-83	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
16274242-12	2005	The low pH ionization, pK(H1), is perturbed by the Ala 79 mutation indicating that this ionization is modulated by the buried hydrogen bond network involving heme propionate D. The A79H73 variant has a high spin heme above pH 9 suggesting that the high pH ionization, pK(H2), involves a high spin heme conformer.	Alanine	51-54	relaxin 2	Homo sapiens	268-273
16162500-10	2005	Mutation to alanine inactivates Mnk2.	Alanine	12-19	MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
7651390-9	1995	Substitution of Ser-3 of Mos with Ala reduces the interaction with MKK and also reduces both the activation of MKK by Mos in vitro and cleavage arrest induced by Mos fusion protein in Xenopus embryos.	Alanine	34-37	MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	118-121
7651390-9	1995	Substitution of Ser-3 of Mos with Ala reduces the interaction with MKK and also reduces both the activation of MKK by Mos in vitro and cleavage arrest induced by Mos fusion protein in Xenopus embryos.	Alanine	34-37	MOS proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	118-121
7543142-9	1995	Restoring the amino acids deleted between I327 and N332 with five alanine residues restores L-selectin proteolysis.	Alanine	66-73	selectin L	Homo sapiens	92-102
16215932-9	2005	G874C (GCT--&gt;CCT) mutation in exon 6, resulting in the substitution of amino acid from alanine to praline (A292P), was detected in proband 2.	Alanine	90-97	CCT	Homo sapiens	16-19
7645214-5	1995	In an attempt to identify the exact site of the CKII-mediated phosphorylation, we altered specific serine residues located within the CKII consensus motif to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	158-165	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
7645214-5	1995	In an attempt to identify the exact site of the CKII-mediated phosphorylation, we altered specific serine residues located within the CKII consensus motif to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	158-165	casein kinase 2 alpha 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
7668526-0	1995	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of human interleukin-11: identification of regions important for biological activity.	Alanine	0-7	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	38-52
7668526-1	1995	We have identified functionally important regions of human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) by means of alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	95-102	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	59-73
7668526-1	1995	We have identified functionally important regions of human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) by means of alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	95-102	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	75-81
7539797-8	1995	Analysis of this model indicated that the alteration of one E-selectin amino acid, alanine 77, to a lysine residue might shift binding specificity from sLe(x) to mannose.	Alanine	83-90	selectin E	Homo sapiens	60-70
7538124-4	1995	For this, we generated a panel of K18 Ser and Thr--&gt;Ala mutants at potential glycosylation sites followed by expression in a baculovirus-insect cell system.	Alanine	55-58	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	34-37
7658166-5	1995	An Ala residue was substituted for Asn at position 43 of the protein generating N43A hLPL.	Alanine	3-6	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	85-89
7731726-5	1995	Tryptic phosphopeptide analysis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-MEK1 K97R and its alanine-for-serine mutants indicated that Ser 222 is the preferred phosphorylation site.	Alanine	85-92	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	35-60
7731726-5	1995	Tryptic phosphopeptide analysis of glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-MEK1 K97R and its alanine-for-serine mutants indicated that Ser 222 is the preferred phosphorylation site.	Alanine	85-92	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	62-65
7532403-0	1995	Replacement of conserved threonines by alanine residues in high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y): effect on DNA binding affinity.	Alanine	39-46	high mobility group AT-hook 1	Homo sapiens	87-95
7706950-7	1995	Helical net models of all receptor active peptides indicated that the LDL-receptor binding activity of the 141-155 dimer is dependent on at least two clusters of basic amino acids present on the hydrophilic face of the amphipathic alpha-helix of the 141-155, 141-150, 141-155 (lys143--&gt;ala) and 141-155 (arg150--&gt;ala) dimer peptides.	Alanine	289-292	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	70-82
16131596-7	2005	Because of clinical aspects of BPES and abnormal ovarian function we suspected a mutation of her FOXL2 gene and found a new in-frame mutation (904_939dup36) on one allele, leading to a 12 alanine expansion within the polyalanine domain.	Alanine	188-195	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	97-102
7706950-7	1995	Helical net models of all receptor active peptides indicated that the LDL-receptor binding activity of the 141-155 dimer is dependent on at least two clusters of basic amino acids present on the hydrophilic face of the amphipathic alpha-helix of the 141-155, 141-150, 141-155 (lys143--&gt;ala) and 141-155 (arg150--&gt;ala) dimer peptides.	Alanine	319-322	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	70-82
7528156-5	1994	Still, small but consistent elevation in the hepatic enzymes alanine (AST) and asparate (ALT) aminotransferase are observed, along with a 70% increase in spleen weight.	Alanine	61-68	solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	70-73
16247555-8	2005	The two plant i-AAA proteases differ significantly in their termini: the FtsH4 proteins have a characteristic alanine stretch at the C-terminal end while FtsH11s have long N-terminal extensions.	Alanine	110-117	FTSH protease 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	73-78
16026410-1	2005	BACKGROUND: There are two known polymorphisms of clinical relevance in the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor exon 10, alanine or threonine at position 307, and asparagine or serine at position 680, giving rise to two discrete allelic variants: Thr307/Asn680 and Ala307/Ser680.	Alanine	128-135	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	75-118
7525569-4	1994	Here we confirm that Ala substitutions for these residues located on a hydrophilic helical face of TM-II basically eliminate substance P binding to the NK-1 receptor, provided that a radiolabeled non-peptide antagonist is used as radioligand.	Alanine	21-24	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-165
15953349-9	2005	Interestingly, only simultaneous, but not individual substitution of the highly conserved D90, F94, P97 and G99 residues with alanine interfered with PEN-2 function.	Alanine	126-133	presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
15956582-6	2005	When the Cys residues were replaced by Ala residues, all single and double mutants still retained the phenotypes of infectivity, Env incorporation, and lipid raft localization of the WT Env.	Alanine	39-42	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	186-189
7961750-4	1994	From the comparison of the properties of wild type Ets1 with those of mutant proteins carrying serine-to-alanine substitution in target residues, calcium-dependent phosphorylation of Ets1 is shown to inhibit its binding to specific DNA sequences but does not affect its ability to accumulate in the nucleus, another property dependent on the Ets domain.	Alanine	105-112	ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Homo sapiens	183-187
15898104-5	2005	Intracerebroventricular administration of 500 pmol/day of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 increased exon III and exon IV BDNF transcripts in the rat striatum.	Alanine	58-61	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
7957082-6	1994	Alanine substitutions in the region Tyr365-Ile368 in beta c showed that Tyr365, His367 and Ile368 were required for GM-CSF and IL-5 high affinity binding, whereas Glu366 was unimportant.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	53-59
7957082-6	1994	Alanine substitutions in the region Tyr365-Ile368 in beta c showed that Tyr365, His367 and Ile368 were required for GM-CSF and IL-5 high affinity binding, whereas Glu366 was unimportant.	Alanine	0-7	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	116-122
7957082-7	1994	In contrast, alanine substitutions of these residues only marginally reduced the conversion of IL-3 binding to high affinity by beta c.	Alanine	13-20	interleukin 3	Homo sapiens	95-99
15889220-3	2005	A new crystal structure of alanine derivative was characterized, which is a slightly distorted TBP structure.	Alanine	27-34	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	95-98
7957082-7	1994	In contrast, alanine substitutions of these residues only marginally reduced the conversion of IL-3 binding to high affinity by beta c.	Alanine	13-20	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	128-134
7957231-0	1994	Complete L-alanine scan of neuropeptide Y reveals ligands binding to Y1 and Y2 receptors with distinguished conformations.	Alanine	9-18	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	27-41
15864313-5	2005	In most individuals with OPMD this (GCG)6 repeat is expanded to (GCG)8-13, leading to a stretch of 12-17 alanines in mutant PABPN1.	Alanine	105-113	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	124-130
7957231-10	1994	In order to distinguish between conformational effects and direct hormone/receptor interaction via the side chains of neuropeptide Y, circular dichroic studies of the alanine-containing peptides were performed and structure affinity relationships are discussed.	Alanine	167-174	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	118-132
15952114-7	2005	RESULTS: Comparing the HOXD13 coding sequence of the affected individuals with HOXD13 sequence in the GenBank and with that of the unaffected, an inserted segment coding 8 alanine residues within HOXD13 was found segregating with the disorder.	Alanine	172-179	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	23-29
15952114-7	2005	RESULTS: Comparing the HOXD13 coding sequence of the affected individuals with HOXD13 sequence in the GenBank and with that of the unaffected, an inserted segment coding 8 alanine residues within HOXD13 was found segregating with the disorder.	Alanine	172-179	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	79-85
7868983-4	1994	To determine residues and domains critical to heparin binding, we have generated different LPL mutants that have alanine substitutions of single arginine and lysine residues and sequence interchanges with the homologous hepatic (HL) and pancreatic (PL) lipases.	Alanine	113-120	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	91-94
15952114-7	2005	RESULTS: Comparing the HOXD13 coding sequence of the affected individuals with HOXD13 sequence in the GenBank and with that of the unaffected, an inserted segment coding 8 alanine residues within HOXD13 was found segregating with the disorder.	Alanine	172-179	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	79-85
15574123-6	2005	The importance of these two residues in promoting filamin A binding to GPIbalpha in vivo was confirmed from the study of Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing GPIbalpha Trp570--&gt;Ala and Phe568--&gt;Ala substitutions.	Alanine	182-185	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	71-80
15574123-6	2005	The importance of these two residues in promoting filamin A binding to GPIbalpha in vivo was confirmed from the study of Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing GPIbalpha Trp570--&gt;Ala and Phe568--&gt;Ala substitutions.	Alanine	202-205	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	71-80
7703854-6	1994	Although the geometry of the catalytic triad in the PLA2 mutant remains the same as in the WT, we were surprised that the conserved structural water, linking the catalytic site with the ammonium group of Ala-1 of the interfacial site, was ejected by the proximity of the NH2 group of Asn-99.	Alanine	204-207	LOC104974671	Bos taurus	52-56
15894682-5	2005	When all subjects were considered, there was a 3-fold increase in risk of prostate cancer among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.2) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype after adjusting for age, race, and smoking.	Alanine	125-128	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	117-124
15894682-5	2005	When all subjects were considered, there was a 3-fold increase in risk of prostate cancer among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.2) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype after adjusting for age, race, and smoking.	Alanine	125-128	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	223-230
15894682-5	2005	When all subjects were considered, there was a 3-fold increase in risk of prostate cancer among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.2) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype after adjusting for age, race, and smoking.	Alanine	129-132	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	117-124
7938016-1	1994	Geranylgeranylated Rab proteins usually terminate in either Cys-Cys or Cys-Xaa-Cys, where Xaa is Ala, Ser, or Gly.	Alanine	97-100	RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family	Bos taurus	19-22
15894682-5	2005	When all subjects were considered, there was a 3-fold increase in risk of prostate cancer among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.2) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype after adjusting for age, race, and smoking.	Alanine	129-132	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	223-230
15894682-7	2005	In African Americans, there was a 2.6-fold increase in prostate cancer risk among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-7.0) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	111-114	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	103-110
15894682-7	2005	In African Americans, there was a 2.6-fold increase in prostate cancer risk among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-7.0) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	111-114	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	209-216
15894682-7	2005	In African Americans, there was a 2.6-fold increase in prostate cancer risk among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-7.0) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	115-118	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	103-110
15894682-7	2005	In African Americans, there was a 2.6-fold increase in prostate cancer risk among individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-7.0) compared with those with the CYP3A43-Pro/Pro genotype.	Alanine	115-118	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	209-216
15894682-8	2005	Among Caucasians, the small number of homozygotes precluded computing risk estimates; there were only three individuals with the CYP3A43-Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	137-140	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	129-136
7523419-3	1994	We generated a series of K18 ser--&gt;ala mutations at potential phosphorylation sites, followed by expression in insect cells and comparison of the tryptic 32PO4-labeled patterns of the generated constructs.	Alanine	38-41	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	25-28
15722344-7	2005	Mutation of these residues into Ala increases the constitutive activity of the receptor by factors of approximately 14 and approximately 10 relative to wild type TSHr, respectively.	Alanine	32-35	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	162-166
15635657-5	2005	The primary hydrophobic interactions with the micelle are from the leucine and phenylalanine residues (Leu-7, Phe-8, Leu-9, Phe-11, Leu-12) while the alanine and glycine residues (Ala-1, Gly-3, Gly-5, Ala-6, Gly-10, Gly-13, Ala-14, Ala-15, Gly-16, Gly-10, Ala-21) interact favorably with water molecules.	Alanine	85-92	CD7 molecule	Homo sapiens	117-122
15649894-6	2005	Functional analysis of the TM 1 and 11 mutants of hENT1 and CeENT1 revealed that Ala and Thr in the TM 1 and 11 positions, respectively, impaired uridine and adenosine transport and that Leu442 of hENT1 was involved in permeant selectivity.	Alanine	81-84	Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter	Caenorhabditis elegans	60-66
7523419-6	1994	Expression of K18 ser-52--&gt;ala mutant in mammalian cells showed minimal phosphorylation but no distinguishable difference in filament assembly when compared with wild-type K18.	Alanine	30-33	keratin 18	Homo sapiens	14-17
7929076-5	1994	Mutant RPA with both consensus p34cdc2 sites converted to alanine was not phosphorylated by purified p34cdc2 kinase.	Alanine	58-65	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	7-10
15821979-5	2005	By contrast, in vivo phosphorylation of a TGA2-A-GFP fusion protein, in which the (11)Ser, (12)Thr and (16)Thr residues were mutated to non-phosphorylable alanine, was only poorly if at all stimulated by SA treatment.	Alanine	155-162	bZIP transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
15542592-5	2005	Furthermore, we report the solution structure and alanine-scanning mutagenesis of TACI_d2 along with co-crystal structures of APRIL.TACI_d2 and APRIL.BCMA complexes that together reveal the mechanism by which TACI engages high affinity ligand binding through a single CRD, and we highlight sources of ligand-receptor specificity within the APRIL/BAFF system.	Alanine	50-57	TNF receptor superfamily member 17	Homo sapiens	144-154
15678101-3	2005	GRASP65 is phosphorylated in its C-terminal domain at four consensus sites by Cdk1-cyclin B, and mutation of these residues to alanine essentially abolishes both mitotic phosphorylation and Plk1 binding.	Alanine	127-134	golgi reassembly stacking protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
7929076-5	1994	Mutant RPA with both consensus p34cdc2 sites converted to alanine was not phosphorylated by purified p34cdc2 kinase.	Alanine	58-65	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
8086403-5	1994	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis has identified tissue factor residues important for factor VIIa binding.	Alanine	0-7	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	44-57
15644221-1	2005	Structurally conserved residues at protein-protein interfaces correlate with the experimental alanine-scanning hot spots.	Alanine	94-101	alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
7850538-9	1994	RESULTS: TNF beta caused a 130% increase in gluconeogenesis from alanine (2.7 +/- 0.5 vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 nmol glucose/10(6) cells/min, TNF vs CTL), and a 60% increase from lactate (7.5 +/- 1.0 vs 4.6 +/- 0.5 nmol glucose/10(6) cells/min, TNF vs CTL).	Alanine	65-72	lymphotoxin alpha	Rattus norvegicus	9-17
15637154-5	2005	Alanine scanning of AP-Cav-B revealed that Thr-90 and -91 (T90,91) and Phe-92 (F92) are crucial for AP-Cav-B- and AP-Cav-mediated inhibition of eNOS.	Alanine	0-7	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	23-26
15637154-5	2005	Alanine scanning of AP-Cav-B revealed that Thr-90 and -91 (T90,91) and Phe-92 (F92) are crucial for AP-Cav-B- and AP-Cav-mediated inhibition of eNOS.	Alanine	0-7	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	103-106
15637154-5	2005	Alanine scanning of AP-Cav-B revealed that Thr-90 and -91 (T90,91) and Phe-92 (F92) are crucial for AP-Cav-B- and AP-Cav-mediated inhibition of eNOS.	Alanine	0-7	carbonic anhydrase 5A	Homo sapiens	103-106
7850538-12	1994	CONCLUSION: In vivo TNF beta causes an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and lactate with no change in plasma insulin or amino acids.	Alanine	80-87	lymphotoxin alpha	Rattus norvegicus	20-28
7913110-9	1994	Replacement of CDR3-H Tyr99, which is a prominent component of the pocket, by Ala abolished the binding of Ag.	Alanine	78-81	cerebellar degeneration-related 3	Mus musculus	15-19
15567420-11	2005	We speculated that this difference was due to the substitution of three acidic residues by alanine, serine, and arginine in the LTBP-4 sequence.	Alanine	91-98	latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	128-134
8033906-2	1994	Synthetic peptides related to amino acid residues 29-42 of human serum amyloid A (SAA), Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Asp-Lys-Tyr-Phe-His-Ala-Arg-Gly-Asn-Tyr, were found to inhibit the adhesion of human T-lymphocytes and of mouse M4 melanoma cells to surfaces coated with the major cell adhesive glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, laminin or fibronectin.	Alanine	124-127	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	336-347
15593303-6	2005	Our data show that mutation of either of the first two glycines (G97, G98) to alanine results in soluble, recombinant TCR that do not bind to recombinant antigen at detectable levels.	Alanine	78-85	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3	Mus musculus	65-68
15530480-4	2004	RESULTS: Prolidase activity against glycylproline in erythrocytes from normal human was strongly enhanced by glycine, L-alanine, L-serine with MnCl(2), but the activity was strongly inhibited by L-valine, and L-leucine.	Alanine	118-127	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	9-18
15530480-6	2004	The prolidase activity against methionylproline in erythrocytes from the patient with prolidase deficiency was also enhanced by glycine, L-alanine and L-serine.	Alanine	137-146	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	4-13
15530480-8	2004	CONCLUSION: Prolidase activity against glycylproline in normal human erythrocytes and against methionylproline from the prolidase-deficient patient was enhanced strongly by glycine, alanine and serine with MnCl(2).	Alanine	182-189	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	12-21
7523264-4	1994	The p43-58 related peptides with phenylalanine(F) at position 46 and alanine(A) at position 54 bound tightly to I-Ab, I-Aq and I-A(s) molecules and stimulated T cells most potently in mice bearing these I-A products.	Alanine	39-46	aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1	Mus musculus	4-7
15530480-8	2004	CONCLUSION: Prolidase activity against glycylproline in normal human erythrocytes and against methionylproline from the prolidase-deficient patient was enhanced strongly by glycine, alanine and serine with MnCl(2).	Alanine	182-189	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	120-129
8176841-8	1994	The antithrombin III binding activity of endothelial cells decreased after preincubation with homocysteine, cysteine, or 2-mercaptoethanol, containing a sulfhydryl group; no reduction in binding activity was observed after preincubation with methionine, alanine.	Alanine	254-261	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	4-20
15666596-2	2004	The autosomal recessive bp 677 C --&gt; T mutation in the MTHFR gene leads to the substitution of valine for alanine.	Alanine	109-116	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	58-63
8017095-4	1994	To minimize sterical hindrance of ternary complex formation between the biotinylated analogues, the PACAP-1 receptor and streptavidin, an analogue was designed which contains seven consecutive alanine residues between position 28 and 34.	Alanine	193-200	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Sus scrofa	100-105
15319442-7	2004	Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells stably expressing either wild type or a mutant V2R, in which the RGR C-terminal sequence was mutated to alanines (AAA V2R), revealed that the steady-state localization and agonist-induced internalization of the AAA V2R resembled that of the wild type V2R in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells.	Alanine	139-147	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	82-85
8120034-4	1994	Mutants encoding alanines for specific extracellular cysteines in the beta 2-AR gene were constructed and expressed in COS-1 and Chinese hamster ovary cells.	Alanine	17-25	beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Cricetulus griseus	70-79
15501569-4	2004	All the acquired spectral data showed that a new adduct between Echi and Gua was formed, and two pairs of adjacent intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the Ala backbone atoms in Echi and Gua (Ala-NH to Gua-N3 and Gua-NH2 to Ala-CO) played a dominating role in the interaction.	Alanine	157-160	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	188-191
15501569-4	2004	All the acquired spectral data showed that a new adduct between Echi and Gua was formed, and two pairs of adjacent intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the Ala backbone atoms in Echi and Gua (Ala-NH to Gua-N3 and Gua-NH2 to Ala-CO) played a dominating role in the interaction.	Alanine	157-160	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	188-191
28507948-0	2017	Characterizing the Hot Spots Involved in RON-MSPbeta Complex Formation Using In Silico Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.	Alanine	87-94	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	45-52
28507948-4	2017	The aim of the current study was to perform in silico alanine scanning mutagenesis and to calculate binding energy for prediction of hot spots in protein-protein interface between RON and MSPbeta chain (MSPbeta).	Alanine	54-61	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	188-195
15501569-4	2004	All the acquired spectral data showed that a new adduct between Echi and Gua was formed, and two pairs of adjacent intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the Ala backbone atoms in Echi and Gua (Ala-NH to Gua-N3 and Gua-NH2 to Ala-CO) played a dominating role in the interaction.	Alanine	157-160	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	214-231
8289791-3	1994	Random mutagenesis coupled with genetic selection in S. cerevisiae was used to generate second-site mutations within human H-ras-ala15 which could suppress the ability of the Ala-15 substitution to block CDC25 function.	Alanine	175-178	cell division cycle 25C	Homo sapiens	204-209
28507948-5	2017	Methods: In this work the residues at the interface of RON-MSPbeta complex were mutated to alanine and then molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate binding free energy.	Alanine	91-98	microseminoprotein beta	Homo sapiens	59-66
7854984-9	1994	Tyrosinase activity was less affected by alanine substitution than binding affinity, which suggests that full receptor binding is not required for maximum biological response.	Alanine	41-48	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	0-10
15574816-1	2004	Recent research has implicated T1R1/T1R3 as the primary taste receptor in mammals for detecting L-amino acids, including L-monosodium glutamate (MSG) and L-alanine.	Alanine	154-163	taste 1 receptor member 3	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
7902352-12	1993	The major isotopomers in lactate, alanine, and PEP were m3 and m2 with 13C in C-2 and C-3.	Alanine	34-41	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
15308653-7	2004	PAF caused translocation of beta-arrestin from the cytoplasm to the membrane in cells expressing PAFR but not a phosphorylation-deficient mutant in which all Ser/Thr residues were replaced with Ala (DeltaST-PAFR).	Alanine	194-197	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
28069825-8	2017	Alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed for the residues of 5-LOX in the vicinity of propofol, and we evaluated the functional role of these pockets in LTB4 production.	Alanine	0-7	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	65-68
7902563-5	1993	This alanine-rich peptide was 47% identical to uroguanylin and 73% identical to human guanylin, suggesting that it may be an opossum homologue of guanylin.	Alanine	5-12	guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Homo sapiens	86-94
8376414-4	1993	Substitution of both Lys-243 and Asp-249 with Ala or of the 3 aromatic residues with Ala led to a total loss of activity, highlighting the importance of these residues in NCAM binding.	Alanine	46-49	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	171-175
28377545-8	2017	RESULTS: The exome variant analysis identified a novel missense mutation (c.3878C &gt; A) in WDR62 gene in exon 30 resulting in amino acid change from alanine to aspartate (p.Ala1293Asp).	Alanine	151-158	WD repeat domain 62	Homo sapiens	93-98
28028182-7	2017	This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site.	Alanine	334-341	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
15471493-1	2004	Reaction of the N-t-Boc amino acids alanine and valine with PhPCl(2) gives the P-chiral trans-1,3,2-oxazaphospholidinones exclusively.	Alanine	36-43	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	20-23
15553237-8	2004	Alanine-scanning mutation in PEPT2 revealed the presence of a consensus sequence (-T-X-L) that is responsible for the PDZK1 interaction.	Alanine	0-7	PDZ domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
8376414-7	1993	Substitution of the charged residues with alanine decreased NCAM binding activity, implicating electrostatic interactions in NCAM binding activity.	Alanine	42-49	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	60-64
28169326-4	2017	Alanine scanning mutation of Epep revealed residues critical for Tbx3, Klf4 and Esrrb transcript repression, cell-cell contact abrogation, cell survival in suspension, STAT3 phosphorylation and water solubility.	Alanine	0-7	T-box 3	Mus musculus	65-69
15194694-7	2004	Substitution of these amino acids with alanine, individually or in combination, led to changes in Lig4 protein stability of mouse Lig4.	Alanine	39-46	ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent	Mus musculus	98-102
8376414-7	1993	Substitution of the charged residues with alanine decreased NCAM binding activity, implicating electrostatic interactions in NCAM binding activity.	Alanine	42-49	neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Gallus gallus	125-129
15194694-7	2004	Substitution of these amino acids with alanine, individually or in combination, led to changes in Lig4 protein stability of mouse Lig4.	Alanine	39-46	ligase IV, DNA, ATP-dependent	Mus musculus	130-134
8334991-6	1993	Like repression domains identified in the Drosophila repressors Eve and Kruppel, the En repression domain is rich in alanine residues (26%), but unlike these other domains, is moderately charged (six arginine and three glutamic acid residues).	Alanine	117-124	even skipped	Drosophila melanogaster	64-67
15454564-1	2004	The N-terminal alanine residues of the silencing protein Sir3 and of Orc1 are acetylated by the NatA Nalpha-acetyltransferase.	Alanine	15-22	chromatin-silencing protein SIR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
15493147-10	2004	The 64th amino acid of giant panda prolactin is hydrophilic serine instead of hydrophobic proline of cat, goat, and cow or hydrophobic alanine of human.	Alanine	135-142	prolactin	Ailuropoda melanoleuca	35-44
28151973-8	2017	We show that destabilization of this interaction, either by alanine exchanges at this NS3/4A-kink interface, led to a gain of function of the NS3/4A complex in particle formation.	Alanine	60-67	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	86-89
28151973-8	2017	We show that destabilization of this interaction, either by alanine exchanges at this NS3/4A-kink interface, led to a gain of function of the NS3/4A complex in particle formation.	Alanine	60-67	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	142-145
8364576-6	1993	Sequencing of the liver FAH cDNA of the patient revealed a C to A transversion in the FAH mRNA, which predicted the replacement of an alanine (A) residue with an aspartic acid (D) residue at position 134 (A134D) of the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein.	Alanine	134-141	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Homo sapiens	24-27
27840081-2	2017	A point mutation converting lysine 44 of Dyn2 to alanine (Dyn2K44A) disrupts its GTPase activity.	Alanine	49-56	dynamin 2	Mus musculus	41-45
15317863-0	2004	Gain and loss of channel function by alanine substitutions in the transmembrane segments of the rat ATP-gated P2X2 receptor.	Alanine	37-44	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15317863-2	2004	We made an array of mutant rat P2X2 channels containing unique alanine substitutions in the transmembrane segments with the goal of identifying possible secondary structure and mapping gating domains in the pore.	Alanine	63-70	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
15274625-4	2004	Here, we demonstrate that mutation of isoleucine-11 of hGSTA2-2, a residue located in the hydrophobic substrate-binding site (H-site) of the enzyme, to alanine (which is present in the same position in hGSTA1-1) results in about a 7-fold increase in catalytic efficiency for (+)-anti-BPDE-GSH conjugation.	Alanine	152-159	glutathione S-transferase alpha 2	Homo sapiens	55-63
8364576-6	1993	Sequencing of the liver FAH cDNA of the patient revealed a C to A transversion in the FAH mRNA, which predicted the replacement of an alanine (A) residue with an aspartic acid (D) residue at position 134 (A134D) of the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein.	Alanine	134-141	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Homo sapiens	86-89
8473288-3	1993	In an attempt to identify the structural determinants which mediate this interaction, basic residues in three segments of the primary sequence of human LPL (residues 147-151, 279-282, and 292-304) were replaced with alanine, either singly or in various combinations, and variant proteins were subjected to affinity chromatography on heparin-Superose.	Alanine	216-223	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	152-155
15117879-2	2004	We investigated the role in receptor activation of all the charged amino acid residues and cysteines in the three extracellular loops (EL1, 2, and 3) of the human Ca(2+) receptor by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	182-189	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Homo sapiens	135-148
15117879-5	2004	Replacement of the charged residues by using a single mutation or multiple alanine mutations in EL1, 2, and 3 produced only minor changes in receptor activation, except for Glu767 and Lys831.	Alanine	75-82	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1	Homo sapiens	96-99
27753621-6	2016	Mutation of RKIP S109 to alanine abrogates the interaction between RKIP and TBK1, and the anti-viral function of RKIP RKIP deficiency inhibits intracellular double-stranded RNA- or DNA-induced type I interferon production.	Alanine	25-32	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Mus musculus	12-16
27753621-6	2016	Mutation of RKIP S109 to alanine abrogates the interaction between RKIP and TBK1, and the anti-viral function of RKIP RKIP deficiency inhibits intracellular double-stranded RNA- or DNA-induced type I interferon production.	Alanine	25-32	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Mus musculus	67-71
15245378-2	2004	This new allele differs from HLA-DRB1*110101 only for a single nucleotide substitution at position 113 of exon 2 resulting in an amino acid change from Valine (GTG) to Alanine (GCG) at codon 38.	Alanine	168-175	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
8437840-2	1993	Thirteen non-cysteine residues conserved among the platelet-derived/vascular endothelial growth factors were individually mutated to alanine in v-sis/PDGF-B.	Alanine	133-140	platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide	Mus musculus	150-156
15133036-8	2004	When serine 202 of GFAT2 was mutated to an alanine, the enzyme not only became resistant to phosphorylation, but also the increase in activity in response to PKA also was blocked.	Alanine	43-50	glutamine fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2	Mus musculus	19-24
27484478-5	2016	(ii) We have analyzed in detail three rec8 phospho-mutants, with 6, 24 or 29 alanine substitutions.	Alanine	77-84	REC8 meiotic recombination protein	Homo sapiens	38-42
8381415-0	1993	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the epidermal growth factor-like domains of human thrombomodulin identifies critical residues for its cofactor activity.	Alanine	0-7	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	82-96
27806270-10	2016	Mutation of Y529 to alanine also prevented CLH-3b regulation.	Alanine	20-27	Chloride channel protein;Chloride channel protein clh-3	Caenorhabditis elegans	43-48
15196988-5	2004	In CYP2A6, the amino acid residues at position 117 and 372 are valine (Val) and arginine (Arg), respectively; whereas in CYP2A13, they are alanine (Ala) and histidine (His).	Alanine	139-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	3-9
15196988-5	2004	In CYP2A6, the amino acid residues at position 117 and 372 are valine (Val) and arginine (Arg), respectively; whereas in CYP2A13, they are alanine (Ala) and histidine (His).	Alanine	139-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	121-128
15196988-5	2004	In CYP2A6, the amino acid residues at position 117 and 372 are valine (Val) and arginine (Arg), respectively; whereas in CYP2A13, they are alanine (Ala) and histidine (His).	Alanine	148-151	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	3-9
15196988-5	2004	In CYP2A6, the amino acid residues at position 117 and 372 are valine (Val) and arginine (Arg), respectively; whereas in CYP2A13, they are alanine (Ala) and histidine (His).	Alanine	148-151	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	121-128
15196988-6	2004	Kinetic analysis revealed that the catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of the CYP2A6 Val(117)--&gt; Ala and Arg(372)--&gt; His mutants was drastically reduced (0.41 and 0.64 versus 3.23 for the wild-type CYP2A6 protein).	Alanine	95-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	73-79
8464162-6	1993	In addition, another two types of a point mutation reducing ChE activity were reported on K variant (Ala-539--&gt;Thr) and a case of (Gly-365--&gt;Arg) in a patient with liver cirrhosis.	Alanine	101-104	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	60-63
15196988-6	2004	Kinetic analysis revealed that the catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) of the CYP2A6 Val(117)--&gt; Ala and Arg(372)--&gt; His mutants was drastically reduced (0.41 and 0.64 versus 3.23 for the wild-type CYP2A6 protein).	Alanine	95-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	199-205
15196988-7	2004	In contrast, the catalytic efficiency of the CYP2A13 Ala(117) --&gt; Val and His(372) --&gt; Arg mutants was greatly increased (2.65 and 2.60 versus 0.31 for wild-type CYP2A13 protein).	Alanine	53-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	45-52
15196988-7	2004	In contrast, the catalytic efficiency of the CYP2A13 Ala(117) --&gt; Val and His(372) --&gt; Arg mutants was greatly increased (2.65 and 2.60 versus 0.31 for wild-type CYP2A13 protein).	Alanine	53-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 13	Homo sapiens	168-175
15087470-5	2004	We report that a mutation changing Trp477 to Ala in the kinase domain rendered the type I activin receptor Alk4 unable to undergo ligand-dependent internalization.	Alanine	45-48	activin A receptor type 1B	Homo sapiens	107-111
15107471-1	2004	The neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2 catalyses uncoupled anion flux across the cell membrane in the presence of transported substrates, such as alanine.	Alanine	148-155	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	35-40
27506982-6	2016	OPMD is a dominant, late-onset myopathy, caused by an alanine-expansion mutation in the gene encoding for poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (expPABPN1).	Alanine	54-61	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	106-139
27614019-1	2016	The aminopeptidase DPP9 removes dipeptides from N-termini of substrates having a proline or alanine in second position.	Alanine	92-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 9	Homo sapiens	19-23
8422365-7	1993	Results obtained with numerous synthetic peptide substrates show the enzymes prefer nonpolar residues such as Ala and Val in the P1 and P2 positions, but promiscuity of cleavage specificity observed with long-chain peptide substrates is attributed to the absence of structure in these peptides.	Alanine	110-113	perforin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
27381982-8	2016	Furthermore, substitution of S295 or S297 for alanine abrogated SYK"s binding to Importin 7.	Alanine	46-53	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	64-67
14992688-5	2004	Alanine substitutions at any one of these combined six arginine or glutamic acid residues inactivated Ftr1p in iron uptake, indicating that both motifs were essential to iron permeation.	Alanine	0-7	high-affinity iron permease FTR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-107
8422425-7	1993	The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the 90 kDa fragment indicates that myosinase I splits the myosin heavy chain between Ala-1161 and Thr-1162 in subfragment 2.	Alanine	123-126	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	73-79
15128550-6	2004	The results of D- and L-amino acid composition analysis showed that two residues and one residue of D-Ala were detected among 18 Ala residues of gassericin A and reutericin 6, respectively.	Alanine	102-105	gaaA	Lactobacillus gasseri	145-174
15073328-8	2004	A CREB mutant containing Ala substitutions at ATM phosphorylation sites displayed enhanced transactivation potential, resistance to inhibition by IR, and increased binding to CBP.	Alanine	25-28	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	2-6
8401606-6	1993	In contrast, MFS14 mRNA accumulates in the tapetum and encodes a polypeptide of 13 kDa that is rich in alanine.	Alanine	103-110	MFS14 protein	Zea mays	13-18
14764606-5	2004	Second, shotgun alanine scanning of BCMA was used to map critical residues for either APRIL or BAFF binding.	Alanine	16-23	TNF receptor superfamily member 17	Homo sapiens	36-40
27358480-5	2016	Mutation of Y503, N505 and F508 within the YVNGGF motif to alanine residues or silencing Numb by use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) results in the aberrant localization of EAAT3.	Alanine	59-66	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
1422155-1	1992	The complete assignment of 1H and 15N backbone resonances and near-complete 1H side-chain resonance assignments have been obtained for the reduced form of a mutant of human thioredoxin (105 residues) in which the three non-active site cysteines have been substituted by alanines: C62A, C69A, C73A.	Alanine	270-278	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	173-184
26970560-5	2016	The SNP in exon 3, g.10329C&gt;T, was predicted to result in an amino acid replacement from alanine (GCG) to valine (GTG) in the SCD protein.	Alanine	92-99	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	129-132
27482366-8	2016	Although the developed system lacks ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes, we show that UbFluor can recapitulate the native ubiquitination reaction by detecting and quantifying defects in transthiolation and isopeptide ligation of Rsp5 HECT E3 alanine mutants.	Alanine	229-236	NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	216-220
14672918-9	2004	Transfection of A549 cells with a dominant active MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Glu]) partially inhibited cytolysis resulting from DMNQ, whereas the inactive MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Ala]) had less evident protective effects.	Alanine	166-169	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	64-68
14672918-9	2004	Transfection of A549 cells with a dominant active MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Glu]) partially inhibited cytolysis resulting from DMNQ, whereas the inactive MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Ala]) had less evident protective effects.	Alanine	166-169	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	64-68
14672918-9	2004	Transfection of A549 cells with a dominant active MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Glu]) partially inhibited cytolysis resulting from DMNQ, whereas the inactive MKK3 plasmid (MKK3[Ala]) had less evident protective effects.	Alanine	166-169	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	64-68
1637820-11	1992	Since the pyruvate is covalently linked to the protein, its replacement by alanine leads to an irreversible inactivation of AdoMetDC.	Alanine	75-82	adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	124-132
15034049-7	2004	In contrast, the corresponding mutations Ser(627)--&gt;Ala in MASP-1 and Ser(618)--&gt;Ala in MASP-2 stabilized the latter in their proenzyme form.	Alanine	55-58	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
15034049-7	2004	In contrast, the corresponding mutations Ser(627)--&gt;Ala in MASP-1 and Ser(618)--&gt;Ala in MASP-2 stabilized the latter in their proenzyme form.	Alanine	87-90	MBL associated serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
15001356-7	2004	ZIP kinase phosphorylates p21(WAF1) at Thr145 and alanine-substituted mutations in the p21(WAF1) phosphorylation site alter its ability to be phosphorylated by ZIP kinase.	Alanine	50-57	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	160-170
27462005-7	2016	The SAXS-derived model reveals an elongated conformation (Dmax = 20 nm) for TH1, different arrangement of the catalytic domains compared with the crystal structure of truncated forms, and an N-terminal region with an unstructured tail that hosts the phosphorylation sites and a separated Ala-rich helical motif that may have a role in regulation of TH by interacting with binding partners.	Alanine	288-291	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	76-79
27355203-1	2016	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) belongs to solute carrier 38 (SLC38) family of transporters, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and mediates transport of small, neutral amino acids, exemplified by alanine(Ala, A).	Alanine	239-246	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-47
27355203-1	2016	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) belongs to solute carrier 38 (SLC38) family of transporters, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and mediates transport of small, neutral amino acids, exemplified by alanine(Ala, A).	Alanine	239-246	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
1637297-11	1992	Automated Edman degradation revealed alanine to be the N-terminal amino acid in the GST Yc subunit expressed in E. coli, whereas the enzyme in mouse liver possesses a blocked N-terminus.	Alanine	37-44	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	84-87
27355203-1	2016	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) belongs to solute carrier 38 (SLC38) family of transporters, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and mediates transport of small, neutral amino acids, exemplified by alanine(Ala, A).	Alanine	247-250	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-47
27355203-1	2016	Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) belongs to solute carrier 38 (SLC38) family of transporters, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and mediates transport of small, neutral amino acids, exemplified by alanine(Ala, A).	Alanine	247-250	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-54
27129232-0	2016	Alanine Expansions Associated with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome Impair PHOX2B Homeodomain-mediated Dimerization and Nuclear Import.	Alanine	0-7	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	86-92
14614767-3	2004	In the present study, we have generated canine SULT1D1 (cSULT1D1) variants with mutations at amino acid residues in the substrate-binding pocket [A146E (Ala-146--&gt;Glu), A146D, A146Q, I86D or D247L].	Alanine	153-156	sulfotransferase 1 family member D1	Canis lupus familiaris	47-54
14973016-7	2004	Replacement of the key active-site Glu residue by Ala abolished the complementation by VirB1 from B. suis and by TraL, demonstrating that heterologous complementation requires an intact lytic transglycosylase active site.	Alanine	50-53	type IV secretion system lytic transglycosylase VirB1	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	87-92
1587350-3	1992	The Ala-30----Arg, Ala-30----His and Ala-30----Phe substitutions drastically reduced the binding affinity, suggesting that the side chain in position 30 of Ala-30 of hEGF is required to be small for the receptor binding.	Alanine	4-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	166-170
15024426-5	2004	We further demonstrate in a full-length DAT construct that simultaneous mutation of the five N-terminal serine residues to alanine (S/A) produces the same phenotype as del-22-normal uptake but dramatically impaired efflux.	Alanine	123-130	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	40-43
14665623-7	2004	Within the active site, the proximity of Lys(722) to the side chain of the mutated Ala(679) and the absence of other potential catalytic side chains establish that Lon employs a Ser(679)-Lys(722) dyad for catalysis.	Alanine	83-86	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	164-167
27129232-3	2016	Elongation of the alanine stretch in PHOX2B leads to a protein with altered DNA binding, transcriptional activity, and nuclear localization and the possible formation of cytoplasmic aggregates; furthermore, the findings of various studies support the idea that CCHS is not due to a pure loss of function mechanism but also involves a dominant negative effect and/or toxic gain of function for PHOX2B mutations.	Alanine	18-25	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	37-43
26994141-5	2016	Divergence was found in the beta-9 sheet of FGF14 where an alanine (Ala) mutation of Val-160 impaired binding to Nav1.6 but had no effect on FGF14:FGF14 dimer formation.	Alanine	59-66	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Homo sapiens	113-119
26994141-5	2016	Divergence was found in the beta-9 sheet of FGF14 where an alanine (Ala) mutation of Val-160 impaired binding to Nav1.6 but had no effect on FGF14:FGF14 dimer formation.	Alanine	68-71	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Homo sapiens	113-119
1567844-8	1992	This difference can be attributed to the presence of a long Lys side chain in the C-terminal finger of MBP-1 at position 40, instead of a short Ala or Ser side chain at the equivalent position in Zif-268.	Alanine	144-147	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	103-108
27206388-8	2016	hPLSCR1 has five histidine residues and point mutations of histidine residues to alanine in hPLSCR1 resulted in 60 % loss in nuclease activity.	Alanine	81-88	phospholipid scramblase 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
27206388-8	2016	hPLSCR1 has five histidine residues and point mutations of histidine residues to alanine in hPLSCR1 resulted in 60 % loss in nuclease activity.	Alanine	81-88	phospholipid scramblase 1	Homo sapiens	92-99
14872063-5	2004	The ability of CII to stimulate lysogenization is reduced in the presence of plasmid-borne rpoA variants encoding alanine substitutions at several positions in the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit.	Alanine	114-121	lambda CII family protein	Escherichia virus Lambda	15-18
1604438-0	1992	A useful restriction analysis for the determination of human antithrombin III variants with mutations from Ala 382 to Ala 384.	Alanine	107-110	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	61-77
15058385-2	2004	Two types of the SCD gene with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the ORF of SCD cDNA, in which an amino acid replacement from valine (type V) to alanine (type A) was predicted.	Alanine	167-174	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	17-20
15058385-2	2004	Two types of the SCD gene with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the ORF of SCD cDNA, in which an amino acid replacement from valine (type V) to alanine (type A) was predicted.	Alanine	167-174	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	98-101
26987812-11	2016	Importantly, we found that alanine substitution of helix-destabilizing glycines within the transmembrane segment and distinct residues within the luminal membrane-proximal segment led to a reduced efficiency of SPPL2a-mediated processing.	Alanine	27-34	signal peptide peptidase like 2A	Mus musculus	211-217
27206948-8	2016	Although Ala(224) is within the postulated MTP binding region in apoB, it is not conserved among mammalian species.	Alanine	9-12	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Homo sapiens	43-46
1604438-0	1992	A useful restriction analysis for the determination of human antithrombin III variants with mutations from Ala 382 to Ala 384.	Alanine	118-121	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	61-77
1910037-9	1991	The Rsr1 protein shares with human Rap1 GTPases the four specific motifs, i.e. Gly-12, residues 32-40, Ala-59, and residues 64-70, that are required for GAP3-dependent activation of the Rap1 GTPases.	Alanine	103-106	RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	35-39
26931172-12	2016	NopL variants with six or eight serine to alanine substitutions were partially active, whereas NopL forms with 10 or 12 substituted serine residues were inactive.	Alanine	42-49	type II secretion system effector nodulation protein NopL	Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234	0-4
1911389-13	1991	The present results with antithrombin Glasgow II suggest that all the alanine residues at the base of the reactive site loop in positions P12-10 may be important for the formation of a stabilized inhibitor-thrombin complex.	Alanine	70-77	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	25-37
26826131-5	2016	Here we interrogate the role of Rpl3 methylation at H243 by investigating the functional impact of mutating this histidine residue to alanine (rpl3-H243A).	Alanine	134-141	ribosomal 60S subunit protein L3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	143-147
1831770-3	1991	The amino-terminal sequence analysis of the mature AGIF revealed that AGIF was produced as a precursor consisting of 199 amino acids and processed into a mature form of 178 amino acids by a cleavage between Ala(-1) and Pro(+1).	Alanine	207-210	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	51-55
1831770-3	1991	The amino-terminal sequence analysis of the mature AGIF revealed that AGIF was produced as a precursor consisting of 199 amino acids and processed into a mature form of 178 amino acids by a cleavage between Ala(-1) and Pro(+1).	Alanine	207-210	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	70-74
26934223-5	2016	Aggregation is dependent on a C-terminal alanine/threonine tail that is added to stalled polypeptides by the RQC component, Rqc2p.	Alanine	41-48	Rqc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	124-129
1903840-4	1991	Similar to D. melanogaster ELAV protein, it contains three tandem RNA-binding domains and an alanine/glutamine-rich amino-terminal region.	Alanine	93-100	embryonic lethal abnormal vision	Drosophila melanogaster	27-31
26506232-4	2016	Wild-type E6AP promoted proteasome dependent degradation of MNT, while catalytically inactive E6AP having cysteine replaced with alanine at amino-acid 843 position (E6APC843A) rather stabilized it.	Alanine	129-136	ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Homo sapiens	94-98
1903840-8	1991	Furthermore, a D. melanogaster ORF encoding an ELAV protein with a 40-amino-acid deletion within the alanine/glutamine-rich region was also able to supply elav function in vivo.	Alanine	101-108	embryonic lethal abnormal vision	Drosophila melanogaster	47-51
1903840-8	1991	Furthermore, a D. melanogaster ORF encoding an ELAV protein with a 40-amino-acid deletion within the alanine/glutamine-rich region was also able to supply elav function in vivo.	Alanine	101-108	embryonic lethal abnormal vision	Drosophila melanogaster	155-159
2025296-3	1991	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to convert a highly conserved tyrosine at position 151 in 15-PGDH to an alanine.	Alanine	107-114	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	93-100
26728997-6	2016	Overexpression of an hnRNP D mutant in which the arginine residue of the known arginine methylation motif (arginine-glycine-glycine; RGG) was replaced with alanine did not reduce the level of soluble-form RNA produced from the Flt-1 minigene.	Alanine	156-163	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	21-28
2025296-4	1991	The DNA coding for this alanine mutant 15-PGDH was expressed in E. coli.	Alanine	24-31	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	39-46
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	173-181
27239433-6	2016	Based on previous in vitro observation, we also introduced a single amino acid substitution in order to suppress stable FMBP-1-DNA binding; specifically, we replaced the ninth Arg in the third repeat within the STPR domain with Ala.	Alanine	228-231	fibroin-modulator-binding protein-1	Bombyx mori	120-126
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	CD3 epsilon subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	184-195
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	147-150
1899840-4	1991	PEP possesses multiple potential nucleic acid- and protein- binding regions: a glycine- and asparagine-rich amino terminus, four zinc finger motifs, two very acidic segments, two short basic stretches, and an alanine- and proline-rich carboxyl terminus.	Alanine	209-216	Protein on ecdysone puffs	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
26139117-5	2016	Melittin analogues that have a proline residue substituted for an alanine, lysine or cysteine have been studied with both model membrane systems and living cells.	Alanine	66-73	melittin	Apis mellifera	0-8
2079039-2	1990	A crude product of GHRP, a hexapeptide with the sequence His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, synthesized by the solid phase methodology, was desalted and analyzed by CZE.	Alanine	67-70	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
26672067-9	2016	Using alanine scanning, molecular dynamics simulations, and transport measurements, we show that conductance by Bot1 is abolished by removal of the Na(+) ion binding site.	Alanine	6-13	putative boron transporter 2	Hordeum vulgare	112-116
26378238-6	2015	First, 32 alanine-scanning mutagenesis variants of dystrophin R16-17 indicated the regions where mutagenesis modified the affinity of the dystrophin interaction with the nNOS-PDZ.	Alanine	10-17	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	62-65
2165498-5	1990	Elastase-digested thrombin, which was cleaved between Ala-150 and Asn-151, lost its binding affinity for both MT-6 and thrombomodulin.	Alanine	54-57	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	110-133
26378238-7	2015	Second, using small angle x-ray scattering-based models of dystrophin R16-17 and molecular docking methods, we generated atomic models of the dystrophin R16-17 nNOS-PDZ complex that correlated well with the alanine scanning identified regions of dystrophin.	Alanine	207-214	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	153-156
2379817-7	1990	We have sequenced three different missense mutants whose mutations lie in the Ala segment of the rIIA genetic map.	Alanine	78-81	protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
26627235-2	2015	In vitro, the plasma membrane stability of GABAARs is potentiated via phosphorylation of serine residues 408 and 409 (S408/9) in the beta3 subunit, an effect that is mimicked by their mutation to alanines.	Alanine	196-204	proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 11	Mus musculus	118-124
2352944-6	1990	Animals were treated with a derivative of TGF alpha-PE40 in which the cysteine residues are replaced by alanine, termed "TGF alpha-PE40 delta cys," or with saline once a day for 5 days.	Alanine	104-111	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	42-51
26585511-6	2015	A mutant form of AQP4, in which H95 was replaced with an alanine (H95A), loses sensitivity to cytoplasmic pH changes in in vitro osmotic water permeability, thereby substantiating the in silico work.	Alanine	57-64	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
26571132-8	2015	While frpr-4 is expressed broadly, selective overexpression of frpr-4 in the proprioceptive DVA neurons results in exaggerated body bends that require flp-13 in the ALA neuron.	Alanine	165-168	G_PROTEIN_RECEP_F1_2 domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	63-69
26537685-5	2016	Alanine-scanning analysis of Vif revealed that six residues located within the conserved Vif F1-, F2-, and F3-box motifs are essential for both A3C and A3F degradation, and an additional four residues are uniquely required for A3F degradation.	Alanine	0-7	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	29-32
26537685-5	2016	Alanine-scanning analysis of Vif revealed that six residues located within the conserved Vif F1-, F2-, and F3-box motifs are essential for both A3C and A3F degradation, and an additional four residues are uniquely required for A3F degradation.	Alanine	0-7	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	89-92
2110364-9	1990	The identification of this mutation in the LPL gene defines a region of the LPL enzyme, at Ala-176, that is essential for normal heparin-binding and catalytic activity.	Alanine	91-94	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	43-46
26528354-4	2015	RESULTS: It was observed that n-3 alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (ALA, EPA and DHA respectively) and n-6 linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (LA, GLA and AA respectively) induced apoptosis of the colon cancer cells LoVo and RKO at concentrations above 120 muM (p &lt; 0.01 compared to control).	Alanine	104-107	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	205-208
26473836-0	2015	Increased Histone Deacetylase Activity Involved in the Suppressed Invasion of Cancer Cells Survived from ALA-Mediated Photodynamic Treatment.	Alanine	105-108	histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens	10-29
2110364-9	1990	The identification of this mutation in the LPL gene defines a region of the LPL enzyme, at Ala-176, that is essential for normal heparin-binding and catalytic activity.	Alanine	91-94	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	76-79
2318860-2	1990	Cleavage of pro-TGF-alpha occurs at Ala/Leu-Ala/Leu-Ala-Val-Val sites located at each end of the mature TGF-alpha sequence.	Alanine	36-39	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protransforming growth factor alpha	Cricetulus griseus	16-25
26001729-3	2015	In this study, we found that activated p38MAPK could significantly up-regulate the activity and expression of histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300HAT) in A375 and C26 cells treated with ALA-and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated photodynamic treatment.	Alanine	186-189	E1A binding protein p300	Mus musculus	110-140
26001729-3	2015	In this study, we found that activated p38MAPK could significantly up-regulate the activity and expression of histone acetyltransferase p300 (p300HAT) in A375 and C26 cells treated with ALA-and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated photodynamic treatment.	Alanine	186-189	E1A binding protein p300	Mus musculus	142-149
25931513-8	2015	We experimentally test the role of alanine-rich LCRs in two different TF gene families, PHOX2A/PHOX2B and LHX2/LHX9.	Alanine	35-42	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	95-101
2318860-2	1990	Cleavage of pro-TGF-alpha occurs at Ala/Leu-Ala/Leu-Ala-Val-Val sites located at each end of the mature TGF-alpha sequence.	Alanine	44-47	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protransforming growth factor alpha	Cricetulus griseus	16-25
2318860-2	1990	Cleavage of pro-TGF-alpha occurs at Ala/Leu-Ala/Leu-Ala-Val-Val sites located at each end of the mature TGF-alpha sequence.	Alanine	44-47	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protransforming growth factor alpha	Cricetulus griseus	104-113
2318821-7	1990	Using site-specific mutagenesis, Ala residues were substituted for Asn residues at two potential N-linked glycosylation sites (positions 43 and 359) and at a third unrelated Asn (position 257) in the LPL cDNA.	Alanine	33-36	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	200-203
26248668-5	2015	Furthermore, this Env-tetherin interaction required an alanine face in the tetherin ectodomain, although insertion of this domain into an artificial tetherin-like protein was not sufficient to confer sensitivity to the HIV-2 Env.	Alanine	55-62	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	22-30
26248668-5	2015	Furthermore, this Env-tetherin interaction required an alanine face in the tetherin ectodomain, although insertion of this domain into an artificial tetherin-like protein was not sufficient to confer sensitivity to the HIV-2 Env.	Alanine	55-62	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	75-83
2318821-11	1990	Quantitation of LPL protein mass concomitant with measurement of enzyme activity showed that substitution of Ala or Gln for Asn at position 43 resulted in the production of an enzymatically inactive protein which accumulated intracellularly but was not secreted into the culture medium.	Alanine	109-112	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	16-19
26248668-5	2015	Furthermore, this Env-tetherin interaction required an alanine face in the tetherin ectodomain, although insertion of this domain into an artificial tetherin-like protein was not sufficient to confer sensitivity to the HIV-2 Env.	Alanine	55-62	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	75-83
1968007-7	1990	However, the alpha-amino group of the amino-terminal alanine residue of the recombinant transglutaminase was not acetylated as was that of the natural enzyme.	Alanine	53-60	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2	Cavia porcellus	88-104
26041762-6	2015	Interestingly, p.E256K mutation displayed a lower L-serine and alanine affinity but the same substrate selectivity as wild-type ASCT1.	Alanine	63-70	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
2300550-7	1990	Significantly, within the five contiguous consensus residues of the transglutaminase active site, Gly-Gln-Cys-Trp-Val, band 4.2 has an alanine substituted for cysteine (which is apparently essential for activity).	Alanine	135-142	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2	Cavia porcellus	68-84
27181766-6	2015	To assess the roles of these residues in plug stabilization, we used patch-clamp electrophysiology to compare the activity of wild-type and mutant PapC channels containing alanine substitutions at these sites.	Alanine	172-179	protocadherin 8	Homo sapiens	147-151
33237573-13	2021	The interaction between IRBIT and NBCe1-B is abolished by mutating a set of negatively-charged Asp/Glu residues (to Asn/Gln) plus a set of Ser/Thr residues (to Ala) in the PEST domain of IRBIT.	Alanine	160-163	adenosylhomocysteinase like 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
26252089-7	2015	The mutation has caused insertion of 9 alanines in the polyalanine-expansion region of HOXD13 protein.	Alanine	39-47	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	87-93
8070368-2	1994	To test this hypothesis, site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate five triple alanine mutants of the C-terminal region of hFSH beta: Q81, H83, G85; K86, D88, S89; D90, S91, T92; D93, T95, V96; and R97, G98, L99.	Alanine	84-91	follicle stimulating hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	128-137
25337983-2	2015	Important model peptides for the study of the coil-to-helix transition have been alanine-lysine (AKA) peptides in which the lysine residues are placed on opposite sides of the helix avoiding charge repulsion while enhancing solubility.	Alanine	81-88	neurogenin 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
26081316-7	2015	Molecular dynamics simulations of gp120 binding to CCR5 further emphasize that the Ala insertion alters the structure of the V3 tip and weakens interaction with CCR5 ECL2.	Alanine	83-86	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	51-55
26081316-7	2015	Molecular dynamics simulations of gp120 binding to CCR5 further emphasize that the Ala insertion alters the structure of the V3 tip and weakens interaction with CCR5 ECL2.	Alanine	83-86	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	161-165
26081316-8	2015	Paradoxically, infection experiments on cells expressing high levels of CCR5 also showed that Ala allows MVC-Res to use CCR5 efficiently, thereby improving viral fusion and replication efficiencies.	Alanine	94-97	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	72-76
26081316-8	2015	Paradoxically, infection experiments on cells expressing high levels of CCR5 also showed that Ala allows MVC-Res to use CCR5 efficiently, thereby improving viral fusion and replication efficiencies.	Alanine	94-97	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	120-124
25897024-9	2015	Asn-to-Ala mutations SmB and SmD3 caused synthetic defects in the absence of Mud1 or Mud2.	Alanine	7-10	Mud1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	77-81
34973533-9	2022	Nevertheless, interactions between AFPs and ABI5 were eliminated if the Thr47th and Thr206th of ABI5 were mutated respectively to Glu or Ala.	Alanine	137-140	Basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-48
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	protein kinase MEC1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-14
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease SAE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	55-59
25762720-3	2015	Among the Mec1/Tel1 consensus phosphorylation sites of Sae2, we found that mutations of Thr-90 and Thr-279 of Sae2 into alanine caused a persistent Rad53 activation in response to a transient DNA damage, similar to the loss of Sae2.	Alanine	120-127	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease SAE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	110-114
34838542-4	2022	Here, we identify 1-deoxysphinganine (dSA), a non-canonical sphingoid base generated in the absence of serine from the alternative condensation of alanine and palmitoyl CoA by serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), as a proximal mediator of SG deprivation in SK1 loss and Sph level elevation in SG deprivation in cancer cells.	Alanine	147-154	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	176-204
25724653-3	2015	For example, the AlaX family of editing domains, including the editing domain of alanyl-tRNA synthetase and the related free-standing trans-editing AlaX enzymes, are thought to specifically act on tRNA(Ala), whereas the editing domains of threonyl-tRNA synthetases are specific for tRNA(Thr).	Alanine	17-20	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	81-103
34838542-4	2022	Here, we identify 1-deoxysphinganine (dSA), a non-canonical sphingoid base generated in the absence of serine from the alternative condensation of alanine and palmitoyl CoA by serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT), as a proximal mediator of SG deprivation in SK1 loss and Sph level elevation in SG deprivation in cancer cells.	Alanine	147-154	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	206-209
34726281-3	2021	Here, we identify five phosphorylation sites in the Arabidopsis core clock protein TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) which when mutated to alanine eliminate detectable phosphorylation.	Alanine	139-146	CCT motif -containing response regulator protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-109
25375801-8	2015	Stimulation of the apelin-APJ signaling using receptor agonist apelin-13 alleviated, whereas inhibition of the apelin-APJ signaling using receptor antagonist [Ala]-apelin-13 exacerbated, OA-induced lung pathologies, extravascular lung water accumulation, capillary-alveolar leakage, and hypoxemia.	Alanine	159-162	apelin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
34726281-3	2021	Here, we identify five phosphorylation sites in the Arabidopsis core clock protein TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) which when mutated to alanine eliminate detectable phosphorylation.	Alanine	139-146	CCT motif -containing response regulator protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-115
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	169-192
25721374-10	2015	Metabolomics revealed significant consumption of glutamine and production of alanine by COCs matured with both FSH and BMP15 compared to the control (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	77-84	bone morphogenetic protein 15	Bos taurus	119-124
34772466-4	2021	Aggregate formation with S129 and Y136 phosphorylation of recombinant alphaSyn (r-alphaSyn) were induced by CK2 but abolished by replacement of S129 with alanine (S129A) in vitro.	Alanine	154-161	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	70-78
25653282-5	2015	However, expression of SNAT2 in which seven putative lysyl-ubiquitination sites in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine protected SNAT2 against LOA-induced proteasomal degradation.	Alanine	133-140	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
25653282-5	2015	However, expression of SNAT2 in which seven putative lysyl-ubiquitination sites in the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine protected SNAT2 against LOA-induced proteasomal degradation.	Alanine	133-140	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
34569575-2	2021	The peptides include the native fragment tau(9-16) (Ac-EVMEDHAG-NH2), and the Gln/Lys and Tyr/Ala mutated peptides (Ac-KGGYTMHK-NH2 and Ac-KGGATMHK-NH2) of tau(26-33).	Alanine	94-97	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	156-159
25746230-6	2015	Moreover, the application of taxol, the overexpression of a MAP4 (Ala) mutant, or the application of the p38/MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited the MT disruption and the intracellular junction dysfunction.	Alanine	66-69	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
34628069-7	2022	RESULTS: HL strengthened ALA-PDT"s inhibition of SCL-1 cell viability, migration, as well as NRF2 related beta-catenin, p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and p-S6K1 expression.	Alanine	25-28	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	142-146
26312907-11	2015	FINDINGS: KCC2 transport strength varied considerably in magnitude (from -0 02 to -1 00 pHi shifts) depending on the combination of alanine mutations present on the protein.	Alanine	132-139	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	10-14
25667979-5	2015	While amino acid substitution of Phe85, a Pocket 3 residue, with Ala abrogated the interaction with Sec31A, it did not affect the interaction with ALIX.	Alanine	65-68	SEC31 homolog A, COPII coat complex component	Homo sapiens	100-106
34508778-8	2021	Overexpression of WT-ASGR1/2 primarily reduced levels of immature non-O-glycosylated LDLR (~110 kDa), whereas the triple Ala-mutant of Gln240/Trp244/Glu253 (characterized by loss of carbohydrate binding) reduced expression of the mature form of LDLR (~150 kDa), suggesting that ASGR1 binds the LDLR in both a sugar-dependent and -independent fashion.	Alanine	121-124	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	245-249
34625749-7	2021	Its mutation to alanine made the Xkr8-Basigin complex constitutively active, indicating that it plays a vital role in regulating its scramblase activity.	Alanine	16-23	basigin (Ok blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-45
34428289-3	2021	In this study, we generated a knock-in mouse, in which the three conserved putative phosphorylation sites of Ku70 were mutated to alanine to ablate potential phosphorylation (Ku703A/3A), in order to examine if disrupting DSB repair pathway choice by modulating Ku70/80 dynamics at DSB ends results in enhanced genomic instability and tumorigenesis.	Alanine	130-137	X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 6	Mus musculus	109-113
25406242-9	2015	Notably, an apparent gene-diet interaction was found through the observed changes in the MUFA+PUFA/carbohydrates ratio: as this ratio increased, TL lengthening was detected to a greater extent in the Ala carriers compared with the Pro/Pro subjects (P for interaction &lt;0.001).	Alanine	200-203	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	94-98
34405853-5	2021	Changing leucine to alanine, proline, or glutamate increased the maximum rate of ATP turnover (kcat) of p47-regulated ATPase activities for these mutants, but not for WT.	Alanine	20-27	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	104-107
25380462-3	2015	Recently, a dinucleotide substitution located in the exon 8 of the gene coding for acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), that alters the amino acid sequence from a lysine to an alanine (p.Lys232Ala) in the mature protein, was shown to have a strong effect on milk fat content in some cattle breeds.	Alanine	191-198	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	127-132
25339763-8	2015	Alanine substitutions in both UL50-S216 and UL53-S19 resulted in a punctate distribution of the NEC in infected cells and also decreased virus production and nuclear egress in the absence of maribavir.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear egress membrane protein	Human betaherpesvirus 5	30-34
25339763-8	2015	Alanine substitutions in both UL50-S216 and UL53-S19 resulted in a punctate distribution of the NEC in infected cells and also decreased virus production and nuclear egress in the absence of maribavir.	Alanine	0-7	nuclear egress lamina protein	Human betaherpesvirus 5	44-48
34486939-6	2021	Here, the binding free energies of 35 PD-L1 dimer inhibitors have been calculated using the alanine-scanning-interaction-entropy (AS-IE) method.	Alanine	92-99	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	38-43
25264253-6	2014	Optogenetic activation of ALA reduces feeding and locomotion in a FLP-13-dependent manner.	Alanine	26-29	SPSAVPLIRF-amide	Caenorhabditis elegans	66-72
34394384-4	2021	Structural analysis showed that the molecular mass of MIPP is 831 Da, and it has a simple amino acid sequence: Ser-Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Val-Ala-Arg.	Alanine	135-138	multiple inositol-polyphosphate phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
25313507-13	2014	Pharmacological inhibition of PKCbeta or Ser to Ala substitution in the hDAT A559V background restores AMPH-induced DA efflux while promoting intracellular AMPH accumulation.	Alanine	48-51	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
24899227-4	2014	Earlier results showed that replacing residues D519, E665, and E1984 at the A2 domain interface with Ala or Val reduced rates of FVIIIa decay, increasing FXa and thrombin generation.	Alanine	101-104	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	154-157
25007327-13	2014	Expression of a PEX3 mutant with substitution of all lysine and cysteine residues by arginine and alanine, respectively, also induces peroxisome ubiquitination and degradation, hence suggesting that ubiquitination of PEX3 is dispensable for pexophagy and an endogenous, unidentified peroxisomal protein is ubiquitinated on the peroxisomal membrane.	Alanine	98-105	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3	Homo sapiens	16-20
25103078-8	2014	The Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene were associated with a significantly increased risk of UCB, with ORs of 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.6] and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6-4.5), respectively.	Alanine	4-7	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
25103078-8	2014	The Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene were associated with a significantly increased risk of UCB, with ORs of 1.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.6] and 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6-4.5), respectively.	Alanine	8-11	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
25103078-9	2014	Significantly increased UCB risks were found in heavy smokers with the Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene (OR = 4.2) and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene (OR = 6.8).	Alanine	71-74	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
25103078-9	2014	Significantly increased UCB risks were found in heavy smokers with the Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene (OR = 4.2) and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene (OR = 6.8).	Alanine	75-78	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
25089524-5	2014	Thus, we generated a punctual mutant form of RBF in which the aspartate of the TELD site is replaced by an alanine.	Alanine	107-114	Ribonuclear protein at 97D	Drosophila melanogaster	45-48
24918692-2	2014	Remarkably, maximal control is induced in oligomers of the achiral quaternary amino acid Aib by a single C-terminal alaninamide residue, probably because the Ala side chain, though small, is compatible with a 310 helical conformation.	Alanine	158-161	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	89-92
24849604-11	2014	The inverse staurosporine effect on aspartate versus alanine substitutions reveals a cross-talk between different phosphorylation sites of KCC2.	Alanine	53-60	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	139-143
24428437-5	2014	Using a quantitative binding assay, it could be demonstrated that a point mutation of amino acids alanine 406 and valine 438 in the substrate binding pocket led to reduced peptide binding compared with the wild-type Hsp70 whereas HLA-DR binding remains unaffected.	Alanine	98-105	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
24847715-6	2014	In contrast, two glutamic acid residues (E559 and E563) on each monomer are important for the dissociation of dimeric STAT1 from DNA and, when mutated to alanine, result in elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 as well as prolonged IFNgamma-stimulated nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	154-161	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
24593736-7	2014	RESULTS: The DEF is governed by nanoparticle concentration, size, and position in the alanine matrix.	Alanine	86-93	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Homo sapiens	13-16
24659330-8	2014	However, in the presence of 14-3-3 proteins, the inhibition of SOS2 activity is decreased by the Ser-to-Ala mutation and enhanced by the Ser-to-Asp exchange.	Alanine	104-107	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-67
24155211-8	2014	However, MTHFR Ala222Val polymorphism was significantly associated with risk of hepatitis infection (Val vs. Ala: OR = 1.15, 95 %CI 1.01-1.32, P = 0.03; ValVal/AlaVal vs. AlaAla: OR = 1.37, 95 %CI 1.11-1.68, P = 0.003).	Alanine	15-18	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	9-14
25324000-9	2014	Investigations also tested the hypothesis that PRCP cleavage site on PK is between its C-terminal Pro 637 (P(637)) and Ala 638 (A(638)).	Alanine	119-122	prolylcarboxypeptidase	Homo sapiens	47-51
24080681-6	2013	The m5-HT2A as well as m5-HT2B, h5-HT2B, m5-HT2C, and h5-HT2C receptors have alanine at position 5.46, obviating this interaction; (+)-6-OH-7-Cl-PAT also showed   50-fold lower affinity than (-)-6-OH-7-Cl-PAT at m5-HT2C and h5-HT2C receptors.	Alanine	77-84	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A	Mus musculus	5-11
24080681-6	2013	The m5-HT2A as well as m5-HT2B, h5-HT2B, m5-HT2C, and h5-HT2C receptors have alanine at position 5.46, obviating this interaction; (+)-6-OH-7-Cl-PAT also showed   50-fold lower affinity than (-)-6-OH-7-Cl-PAT at m5-HT2C and h5-HT2C receptors.	Alanine	77-84	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B	Mus musculus	24-30
24185692-6	2013	To test the physiological impact of these phosphorylation events, we generated mice with alanine knock-in mutations in both Acc1 (at Ser79) and Acc2 (at Ser212) (Acc double knock-in, AccDKI).	Alanine	89-96	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	144-148
23864661-8	2013	Change of six amino acids of serine and threonine to alanines in the amino-terminal region of MCM4 rendered the mutant MCM2-7 insensitive to the inhibition with CDK.	Alanine	53-61	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2	Homo sapiens	119-125
24043860-4	2013	Here, using an eag domain-deleted channel (hERG Deltaeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4-S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).	Alanine	143-150	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
24043860-4	2013	Here, using an eag domain-deleted channel (hERG Deltaeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4-S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).	Alanine	143-150	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
24058583-5	2013	As charged residues are likely to have a key role in ion channel function, we hypothesized that mutating them to neutral alanine to generate K37A and R29A CLIC1 would alter the electrophysiological characteristics of CLIC1.	Alanine	121-128	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	155-160
24058583-5	2013	As charged residues are likely to have a key role in ion channel function, we hypothesized that mutating them to neutral alanine to generate K37A and R29A CLIC1 would alter the electrophysiological characteristics of CLIC1.	Alanine	121-128	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	217-222
23673435-3	2013	However, ammonia may also be detoxified by the concerted action of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) leading to trapping of ammonia in alanine, which in vivo likely leaves the brain.	Alanine	101-108	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
23371010-11	2013	In vivo, alanine administration increased hepatic cAMP and accelerated the recovery of bile flow and Abcb11/Abcc2 transport function after E17G administration.	Alanine	9-16	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
23660814-5	2013	The residues Ala 354, Glu 376, Asp 377, Glu 384, His 513, Tyr 520 and Tyr 523 of tACE stabilized lisinopril by hydrogen bonding interactions.	Alanine	13-16	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	81-85
23407708-4	2013	Serine to alanine substitutions at 3 of 6 putative cGKI phosphorylation sites (Ser691, Ser873, and Ser1112) in the BKCa alpha subunit individually reduced direct channel phosphorylation by 25-60% and blocked BKCa activation by either an NO donor or a membrane-permeable cGMP by 80-100%.	Alanine	10-17	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Homo sapiens	115-133
23376079-2	2013	Here we report a novel SCN9A mutation (ca.T3947C) in exon 20 in a 9 year old patient, not present in 200 ethnically-matched control alleles; the mutation substitutes the invariant valine 1316 residue within DIII/S5 by alanine (V1316A).	Alanine	218-225	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9	Homo sapiens	23-28
22865002-6	2013	Sealing is decreased by inhibiting DAG-activated novel protein kinase C isozymes eta (nPKCeta) and theta (nPKCtheta) and Munc13-1, the PKC effector myristoylated alanine rich PKC substrate (MARCKS) or phospholipase C (PLC).	Alanine	162-169	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Rattus norvegicus	190-196
23114595-5	2012	The mutation caused an alanine-to-serine substitution in the integrin alpha3 subunit, thereby introducing an N-glycosylation motif at amino acid position 349.	Alanine	23-30	integrin subunit alpha 3	Homo sapiens	61-76
23035122-6	2012	In addition to the PX domain, a region in the pleckstrin homology domain (Ile-306-Ala-310) aids in the PX-mediated GEF activity by providing a docking site to hold Rac2 in place during catalysis.	Alanine	82-85	Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
22995188-2	2012	By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified amino acid residues in nsp1alpha and nsp1beta (the proteolytic products of nsp1) that when substituted with alanine(s) exhibited significant relief of IFN-suppression.	Alanine	14-21	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	86-90
22995188-2	2012	By performing alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we have identified amino acid residues in nsp1alpha and nsp1beta (the proteolytic products of nsp1) that when substituted with alanine(s) exhibited significant relief of IFN-suppression.	Alanine	171-178	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	86-90
23007395-7	2012	Mutation of this residue to phenylalanine reduced the tumor-promoting activity of p21 in the animal model, whereas glutamate or alanine substitution allowed tumor formation.	Alanine	34-41	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	82-85
22898812-5	2012	Mutating Ser-340/341 in the N-ATP7B individually or together to Ala, Gly, Thr, or Asp produced active protein and shifted the steady-state localization of ATP7B to vesicles, independently of copper levels.	Alanine	64-67	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	30-35
22907799-3	2012	Comparative studies revealed that the catalytic activity of tyrosinase for phenol in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing EMIM[Ala] was about ten times higher than that in pure PBS.	Alanine	133-136	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	60-70
22935578-9	2012	Amino acid transport system ASC (alanine-serine-cysteine-preferring; in particular, its subtype ASCT2 [SLC1A5 gene]) and system X(c)(-) (SLC7A11 gene) played an important role in transporting (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLN and (18)F-(2S,4R)4F-GLU, respectively, across the membrane.	Alanine	33-40	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
22772983-4	2012	An alanine repeat expansion in PABPN1 (exp-PABPN1) causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	3-10	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	31-37
22772983-4	2012	An alanine repeat expansion in PABPN1 (exp-PABPN1) causes oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD).	Alanine	3-10	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	43-49
22983119-2	2012	Replacement of valine at position 787 in the S6 segment of homology domain II of the rat Na(v)1.4 sodium channel by lysine (V787K) enchances slow inactivation of this channel whereas replacement by alanine or cysteine (V787A and V787C) inhibits slow inactivation.	Alanine	198-205	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	89-97
22855823-9	2012	In contrast, we found that expression of phosphorylation-deficient Rh1s, which either lack the C terminus or contain Ala substitution in the phosphorylation sites, was able to prevent degeneration of norpA(P24) photoreceptors.	Alanine	117-120	CHOp24	Drosophila melanogaster	200-209
22449615-7	2012	By means of an (Ala)3 mutagenic scan in which consecutive sets of three amino acids were mutated into alanine residues in EL2 and a classical alanine scan in EL3, we revealed a strong regulatory role for the second extracellular loop (EL2) of the human adenosine A1 receptor.	Alanine	102-109	spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
22544747-4	2012	When Thr-906 and Thr-1007 residues in KCC2 were substituted with Ala (KCC2T906A/T1007A), KCC2 activity was facilitated, and the inhibitory effect of taurine was not observed.	Alanine	65-68	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	38-42
22544747-4	2012	When Thr-906 and Thr-1007 residues in KCC2 were substituted with Ala (KCC2T906A/T1007A), KCC2 activity was facilitated, and the inhibitory effect of taurine was not observed.	Alanine	65-68	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Homo sapiens	70-74
22653593-4	2012	Linkage  analysis and PCR sequencing revealed a missense mutation (NM_014874.3:c.1066  A>G) in the MFN2 gene, resulting in an animo acid substitution of threonine  to alanine in condon 356 (Thr356Ala).	Alanine	167-174	mitofusin 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
22394463-2	2012	A guanine (G)/thymine (T) common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at first position of codon 133 in RASSF1A gene determines an alanine (Ala) to serine (Ser) (Ala133Ser) amino acidic substitution which may alter cancer risk by influencing the function of RASSF1A protein.	Alanine	131-138	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
22394463-2	2012	A guanine (G)/thymine (T) common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at first position of codon 133 in RASSF1A gene determines an alanine (Ala) to serine (Ser) (Ala133Ser) amino acidic substitution which may alter cancer risk by influencing the function of RASSF1A protein.	Alanine	131-138	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	258-265
22394463-2	2012	A guanine (G)/thymine (T) common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at first position of codon 133 in RASSF1A gene determines an alanine (Ala) to serine (Ser) (Ala133Ser) amino acidic substitution which may alter cancer risk by influencing the function of RASSF1A protein.	Alanine	140-143	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	104-111
22394463-2	2012	A guanine (G)/thymine (T) common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at first position of codon 133 in RASSF1A gene determines an alanine (Ala) to serine (Ser) (Ala133Ser) amino acidic substitution which may alter cancer risk by influencing the function of RASSF1A protein.	Alanine	140-143	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	258-265
22252820-7	2012	The entry of VCV-sensitive and -resistant isolates was impaired to differing degrees by alanine mutations in CCR5; substitutions in NT had the greatest effect on viral entry.	Alanine	88-95	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	109-113
34259259-0	2021	Residue-specific binding mechanisms of PD-L1 to its monoclonal antibodies by computational alanine scanning.	Alanine	91-98	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	39-44
22240035-6	2012	A total of five out of six histidine residues located within the E2 RBD (receptor-binding domain) were important for the E2 fold, and their substitution with arginine or alanine caused aberrant heterodimerization and/or CD81 binding.	Alanine	170-177	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	220-224
22095620-7	2012	In the beta1 integrin subunit, the corresponding residue is also Ala, whereas in both beta2 and beta7 integrin subunits, it is Asp.	Alanine	65-68	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	7-21
34259259-4	2021	An efficient computational alanine scanning method was used to perform quantitative analysis of hotspot residues that are important for PD-1/PD-L1 binding.	Alanine	27-34	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	141-146
22334681-6	2012	Alanine mutations of the seven sites ablated the inhibitory effect that Pho85p-Pho80p had on Pah1p activity and on the interaction with liposomes.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase PHO85	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-78
34259259-9	2021	The calculated alanine scanning result is in good agreement with the experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 for PD-L1/KN035 and 0.6 for PD-L1/atezolizumab.	Alanine	15-22	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	130-135
34272444-10	2021	In addition, we substituted a key serine residue in the consensus CKII site in beta-ENaC with alanine to abrogate phosphorylation and disrupt the anchor motif.	Alanine	94-101	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	84-88
22442077-6	2012	Consequently, a KCNB1 variant resistant to oxidation, obtained by mutating a conserved cysteine to alanine, (C73A), was neuroprotective.	Alanine	99-106	potassium voltage gated channel, Shab-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	16-21
34359868-7	2021	Mutating the two serines to alanines increased the amount of proteins interacting with Hsp90beta globally and increased the sensitivity to tryptic cleavage in the C-terminal domain.	Alanine	28-36	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	87-96
14749431-9	2004	In hippocampal neurons, the expression of DNcdk5 (inactive form of cdk5) or of the triple alanine mutant (T19A, S25A, S35A) full-length PSD-95 results in increased PSD-95 cluster size.	Alanine	90-97	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	136-142
14749431-9	2004	In hippocampal neurons, the expression of DNcdk5 (inactive form of cdk5) or of the triple alanine mutant (T19A, S25A, S35A) full-length PSD-95 results in increased PSD-95 cluster size.	Alanine	90-97	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	164-170
34189478-1	2021	Here, we describe a protocol for tRNA identification in the 60S ribosome-nascent peptide complex co-purified with Nuclear Export Mediator Factor (NEMF), a responsible factor for C-terminal alanine and threonine tailing of the nascent peptide.	Alanine	189-196	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	114-144
14711628-5	2004	The variant OmpT that had a methionine at this position, but not the wild-type OmpT, efficiently cleaved a fusion protein containing the amino acid sequence -Arg-Arg-Arg-Ala-Arg downward arrow motilin, in which motilin is a model peptide with a phenylalanine at the N terminus.	Alanine	170-173	outer membrane protease	Escherichia coli	12-16
34189478-1	2021	Here, we describe a protocol for tRNA identification in the 60S ribosome-nascent peptide complex co-purified with Nuclear Export Mediator Factor (NEMF), a responsible factor for C-terminal alanine and threonine tailing of the nascent peptide.	Alanine	189-196	nuclear export mediator factor	Homo sapiens	146-150
34065603-5	2021	The analyses revealed that critical amino acids, namely Gly, Pro, Ala and Trp, were placed at distinct locations in the higher order structure of PPR domains.	Alanine	66-69	PPR1	Homo sapiens	146-149
14615587-0	2003	Conversion of the allosteric transition of GroEL from concerted to sequential by the single mutation Asp-155 -&gt; Ala.	Alanine	115-118	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
14615587-4	2003	Electron microscopy analysis of single-ring GroEL particles containing the Asp-155 --&gt; Ala mutation shows that the break in intra-ring symmetry is due to stabilization of allosteric intermediates such as one in which three subunits have switched their conformation while the other four have not.	Alanine	90-93	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
35192696-5	2022	Mutation of mouse Jak3 Y820 to alanine (Y820A) showed increased autophosphorylation of Jak3 and enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation.	Alanine	31-38	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	105-110
12958314-3	2003	The amino acids in CXCR4 necessary for interaction with an inverse agonist, T140, and a weak partial agonist, AMD3100, identified by alanine scanning mutants, were spatially consistent when computationally docked.	Alanine	133-140	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
35245360-8	2022	Alanine-scanning of peptide III-30 also identified two AGPOGP motifs that contribute to GPVI-binding, but steric hindrance between GPVI-molecules restricts the maximum binding capacity.	Alanine	0-7	glycoprotein VI platelet	Homo sapiens	88-92
14510671-4	2003	In the present study, the effects of a 5"-polymorphism of TG and of a lysine/alanine polymorphism of DGAT1 on the fat content of musculus (m.) semitendinosus and m. longissimus dorsi in 55 bovine animals (28 German Holstein and 27 Charolais) has been investigated.	Alanine	77-84	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	101-106
35510485-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The alanine, valine and isoleucine (AVI) as well as proline, alanine and valine (PAV) haplotypes of the TAS2R38 gene are associated with the DMFT/dmft index and obesity.	Alanine	17-24	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	117-124
14519131-5	2003	In mouse, in addition to previously detected NPFF and NPSF, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide), the homologous peptide of SQA-NPFF, were characterized.	Alanine	78-81	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Mus musculus	64-68
14519131-5	2003	In mouse, in addition to previously detected NPFF and NPSF, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide), the homologous peptide of SQA-NPFF, were characterized.	Alanine	78-81	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Mus musculus	64-68
12860986-4	2003	The template mutants with poly-Ala substitutions in the C2- and C3-loops formed the 500-nm absorbing pigments but failed to activate transducin.	Alanine	31-34	complement C3	Homo sapiens	56-66
35510485-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The alanine, valine and isoleucine (AVI) as well as proline, alanine and valine (PAV) haplotypes of the TAS2R38 gene are associated with the DMFT/dmft index and obesity.	Alanine	74-81	taste 2 receptor member 38	Homo sapiens	117-124
35622574-8	2022	There was a notable increase in alanine transferase (ALT) activity (36.73 +- 1.44 IU/L) in the AcF-treated group.	Alanine	32-39	APOBEC1 complementation factor	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
12946357-3	2003	In all, the effects of alanine substitutions were determined for 35 hGH(v) residues that are directly contained in or closely border the binding interface.	Alanine	23-30	growth hormone 2	Homo sapiens	68-74
35404016-7	2022	When the related amino acid binding site of VISTA was mutated to alanine, the interaction between VISTA and VSIG-8 disappeared.	Alanine	65-72	V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 8	Homo sapiens	108-114
35402079-0	2022	PD-L1 blockade potentiates the antitumor effects of ALA-PDT and optimizes the tumor microenvironment in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.	Alanine	52-55	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-5
12956774-2	2003	In a structure-function study, we analysed the binding of chemokines and anti-Fy monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to K562 cells expressing 39 mutant forms of DARC with alanine substitutions spread out on the four extracellular domains (ECDs).	Alanine	164-171	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-158
14502423-1	2003	ASCT1 is a member of the glutamate transporter superfamily cloned from human brain and characterized as a Na(+)-dependent neutral amino-acid exchanger, which displays substrate-induced chloride-channel activity and mediates concentrative transport of alanine.	Alanine	251-258	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
35402079-5	2022	Here, we report that PD-L1 blockade potentiates the antitumor effects of ALA-PDT both on primary and distant tumors, and optimizes the tumor microenvironment in cSCC.	Alanine	73-76	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	21-26
14609574-1	2003	Modification of the parental immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 peptide (MART-1(26-35)) by replacing the alanine with leucine (A27L) enhances its immunogenicity.	Alanine	100-107	melan-A	Homo sapiens	44-51
14609574-1	2003	Modification of the parental immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 peptide (MART-1(26-35)) by replacing the alanine with leucine (A27L) enhances its immunogenicity.	Alanine	100-107	melan-A	Homo sapiens	52-58
35402079-9	2022	In summary, our work demonstrates that ICB treatment with an anti-PD-L1 antibody is a promising strategy that may potentiate the antitumor effects of ALA-PDT in cSCC.	Alanine	150-153	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	66-71
14609574-1	2003	Modification of the parental immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 peptide (MART-1(26-35)) by replacing the alanine with leucine (A27L) enhances its immunogenicity.	Alanine	100-107	melan-A	Homo sapiens	68-74
34888725-0	2022	Computational Alanine Scanning Reveals Common Features of TCR/pMHC Recognition in HLA-DQ8-Associated Celiac Disease.	Alanine	14-21	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	58-61
12827502-6	2003	For this purpose, we constructed two alleles, din7-D78A and din7-D173A, which encode proteins in which highly conserved aspartates important for the nuclease activity of the XPG proteins have been replaced by alanines.	Alanine	209-217	exodeoxyribonuclease DIN7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
12827502-6	2003	For this purpose, we constructed two alleles, din7-D78A and din7-D173A, which encode proteins in which highly conserved aspartates important for the nuclease activity of the XPG proteins have been replaced by alanines.	Alanine	209-217	exodeoxyribonuclease DIN7	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-64
34888725-4	2022	Here, we took four types of celiac disease-related MHC-peptide-TCR structures from three patients to perform computational alanine scanning calculations using the molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA) approach combined with a recently developed interaction entropy (IE) method to identify the key residues on TCR, peptide, and MHC.	Alanine	123-130	T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	63-66
2557345-3	1989	The arginine residue (Arg187) that is the presumed site of ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha by cholera toxin has been changed to Ala, Glu, or Lys.	Alanine	125-128	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	79-87
12828994-0	2003	First case of a single heterozygote of an abnormal hemoglobin, Hb Stanmore, [beta111(G13)Val-->Ala].	Alanine	95-98	hemoglobin subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	42-61
12847256-6	2003	Surprisingly, the beta stalk region also restored functional activity to an inactive CD8alpha variant, carrying an Ala mutation at Arg(8) (R8A), to a level similar to that of wild-type CD8alphabeta.	Alanine	115-118	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	85-93
12582165-5	2003	However, we were able to develop an efficient trapping mutant of SHP2 by introducing Asp to Ala and Cys to Ser double mutations.	Alanine	92-95	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	65-69
12649184-2	2003	A common Ala(222)/Val variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene leads to a disturbed folate metabolism and is associated with decreased genomic DNA methylation.	Alanine	9-12	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	37-72
12649184-2	2003	A common Ala(222)/Val variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene leads to a disturbed folate metabolism and is associated with decreased genomic DNA methylation.	Alanine	9-12	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	74-79
12649184-9	2003	In conclusion, our current and previous studies in two independent populations indicate that a common Ala/Val variant in the MTHFR gene is a risk factor for cancer in elderly men from the general population.	Alanine	102-105	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	125-130
12650886-8	2003	Opposite shifts of gating properties were elicited by mutation of serine to alanine (S483ASCN5A and S663ASCN5A) in the SGK consensus sequences of SCN5A.	Alanine	76-83	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-122
12499375-9	2003	Mutations in Ala(478), Cys(608), and Thr(314) to their homologous amino acid residues in CPT II, CAT, and ChAT caused various decreases in malonyl-CoA sensitivity.	Alanine	13-16	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
12631736-5	2003	Mutagenesis of lysines by alanine substitution defined a KKAILKKKEEK sequence within the central domain of Sgk between amino acids 131-141 that functions as a nuclear localization signal (NLS) required for the in vitro interaction with importin-alpha and for nuclear import of full-length Sgk in cultured cells.	Alanine	26-33	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
12685816-3	2003	For this purpose, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-alanine for aminopeptidase N, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-leucine for leucine aminopeptidase, 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-glutamic acid for aminopeptidase A and 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide of L-arginine for aminopeptidase B were employed.	Alanine	47-56	arginyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	260-276
12556497-7	2003	Mutation of both residues to alanine enhanced LEF-1 transcriptional activity and rendered it resistant to inhibition by NLK.	Alanine	29-36	nemo like kinase	Homo sapiens	120-123
12388549-5	2002	Ala substitution of three of these residues, Trp(445) (TM8), Trp(553) (TM10), and Trp(1198) (TM16), eliminated or substantially reduced transport levels of five organic anion substrates of MRP1.	Alanine	0-3	tetraspanin 16	Homo sapiens	55-58
12432067-11	2002	Transfection of lasp-1 cDNA encoding for alanine substitutions at S(99) and S(146), into parietal cells appeared to suppress the cAMP-dependent translocation of lasp-1 to the intracellular canalicular region.	Alanine	41-48	LIM and SH3 protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
12432067-11	2002	Transfection of lasp-1 cDNA encoding for alanine substitutions at S(99) and S(146), into parietal cells appeared to suppress the cAMP-dependent translocation of lasp-1 to the intracellular canalicular region.	Alanine	41-48	LIM and SH3 protein 1	Homo sapiens	161-167
12460637-4	2002	Homology of the translated protein with the human beta(2)-adrenoceptor was 88% with Ala at position 16 and Glu at position 27.	Alanine	84-87	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	50-70
12460358-7	2002	HSP72 levels were significantly higher with all methods except ALA-PDT.	Alanine	63-66	heat shock protein 1A	Mus musculus	0-5
12460358-10	2002	In addition, all methods except ALA-PDT are associated with an increase in HSP 72 (a protein associated with cellular tolerance) and this may help to explain, at a cellular level, why resistance to repeated ALA-PDT treatments does not seem to occur.	Alanine	32-35	heat shock protein 1A	Mus musculus	75-81
12460358-10	2002	In addition, all methods except ALA-PDT are associated with an increase in HSP 72 (a protein associated with cellular tolerance) and this may help to explain, at a cellular level, why resistance to repeated ALA-PDT treatments does not seem to occur.	Alanine	207-210	heat shock protein 1A	Mus musculus	75-81
12427017-9	2002	Mutation of this residue from a cysteine to an alanine does not interfere with binding but rather eliminates the sensitivity of Hdm2 to nitric oxide inactivation.	Alanine	47-54	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	128-132
12427028-5	2002	Mutation of the Arg to either Ala or Lys abolished Hid and Smac binding to BIRs, despite the Hid/Smac binding site being located on the opposite side of the BIR domain from the Arg.	Alanine	30-33	diablo	Drosophila melanogaster	59-63
12445460-4	2002	Both the N-terminal regulatory domain of annexin XI (Anx11N) and the ALG-2-binding domain of Alix/AIP1 are rich in Pro, Gly, Ala, Tyr and Gln.	Alanine	125-128	ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	69-74
12185075-2	2002	Thr(24) and Phe(26) of the NK2 receptor extracellular domain are considered to interact with neuropeptide agonists based on the reduction of affinity when they are substituted by alanine.	Alanine	179-186	tachykinin receptor 2	Homo sapiens	27-39
12379105-5	2002	The present study explores the role of GluT1 residues 326-343 (a proposed GluT1 ATP-binding site subdomain) in GluT1 ATP binding by using alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
12204804-1	2002	High plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, is frequently caused by a common mutation in the gene for the enzyme, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), C677T (alanine to valine substitution) or low intake of B vitamins that affect the remethylation or transsulfuration pathways in homocysteine metabolism.	Alanine	188-195	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	173-178
12509278-3	2002	Here, we investigate differences in the two putative ATPase active sites by examining the properties of heterodimers containing alanine substituted for an invariant glutamic acid in the active site of either Msh2, Msh6 or both.	Alanine	128-135	mismatch repair ATPase MSH6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	214-218
12198096-2	2002	Systematic replacement of the positive charges in the NH(2) terminus of Kir6.2 with alanine reveals several residues that affect channel function when neutralized.	Alanine	84-91	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	72-78
12186556-7	2002	Mutation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys-215 in PTP1B) into alanine had no effect on the cross-peaks, whereas mutation of a conserved active-site arginine (Arg-221 in PTP1B) to alanine abolished all three cross-peaks.	Alanine	176-183	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	166-171
12070158-5	2002	The Ala-577 mutation also increased the tRNA binding affinity of purified GCN2, which can account for the elevated kinase activity of GCN2-S577A in nonstarved cells where uncharged tRNA levels are low.	Alanine	4-7	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
12070158-5	2002	The Ala-577 mutation also increased the tRNA binding affinity of purified GCN2, which can account for the elevated kinase activity of GCN2-S577A in nonstarved cells where uncharged tRNA levels are low.	Alanine	4-7	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-138
12151600-10	2002	We show here that the replacement of the residues responsible for these hindrances (Asp-309 and Tyr-227, respectively) by Ala allows ACPT-II or MAP4 to fully activate the receptors.	Alanine	122-125	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
12019262-7	2002	Thanks to its anaplerotic effect, alanine caused a stimulation of acetate removal and a large increase in fluxes through pyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase, and the enzymes involved in glutamate and glutamine synthesis but not in flux through alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.	Alanine	34-41	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	121-141
12457566-6	2002	ADAT1 generates I at position 37 (3" of the anticodon) in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	74-77	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
12006580-3	2002	Here we assessed the effects of alanine substitution at the individual or combined Cdk4(6)-specific sites in p130, compared with homologous sites in p107 (Thr(369)/Ser(650)/Ser(964)).	Alanine	32-39	nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
12069594-1	2002	The structure of [Ala(31), Pro(32)]-NPY, a neuropeptide Y mutant with selectivity for the NPY Y(5)-receptor (Cabrele, C., Wieland, H. A., Stidsen, C., Beck-Sickinger, A. G., (2002) Biochemistry XX, XXXX-XXXX (companion paper)), has been characterized in the presence of the membrane mimetic dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles using high-resolution NMR techniques.	Alanine	18-21	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	90-107
12069594-2	2002	The overall topology closely resembles the fold of the previously described Y(5)-receptor-selective agonist [Ala(31), Aib(32)]-NPY (Cabrele, C., Langer, M., Bader, R., Wieland, H. A., Doods, H. N., Zerbe, O., and Beck-Sickinger, A. G. (2000) J. Biol.	Alanine	109-112	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	76-89
12069595-8	2002	These results suggest that the selectivity of the Ala(31)-Aib(32) motif for the Y(5)-receptor derives from a specific conformation that must be correlated with the bioactive conformation of NPY at this subtype.	Alanine	50-53	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	58-61
12069595-8	2002	These results suggest that the selectivity of the Ala(31)-Aib(32) motif for the Y(5)-receptor derives from a specific conformation that must be correlated with the bioactive conformation of NPY at this subtype.	Alanine	50-53	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	80-93
11997522-6	2002	Replacement of Ser(168,170) with Ala promotes nuclear localization of NFATc4 and increases NFAT-mediated transcription activity.	Alanine	33-36	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 4	Mus musculus	70-76
11997522-7	2002	Stable expression of Ala(168,170) NFATc4, but not of wild-type NFATc4, in NIH 3T3 cells promotes adipocyte formation under differentiation conditions.	Alanine	21-24	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 4	Mus musculus	34-40
11997522-10	2002	Stable expression of Ala(168,170) NFATc4, but not of wild-type NFATc4, increases the expression of PPAR gamma, which contributes in part to increased adipocyte formation.	Alanine	21-24	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 4	Mus musculus	34-40
12054506-4	2002	Motilin fragments 1-14 in which residues 1 (Phe), 4 (Ile), and 7 (Tyr) were replaced by Ala showed the largest reduction in potency.	Alanine	88-91	motilin	Homo sapiens	0-7
11993999-2	2002	Here the equivalent residue, Phe(282), in the beta(2)-AR was evaluated by mutation to glycine, asparagine, alanine, or leucine.	Alanine	107-114	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	46-56
11859090-4	2002	Analyses of additional mutants with deletions at Ile-830, Ala-836, and Ile-840 demonstrated that the Delta 830 mutant exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on Env steady-state expression.	Alanine	58-61	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	170-173
12073020-5	2002	Similar types of mutation (plus eight alanines) have recently been found in another HFGS family and also in the human HOXD13 gene (plus seven up to plus 14 residues) where it leads to synpolydactyly (SPD), a further congenital limb malformation rarely associated with genital abnormalities.	Alanine	38-46	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	118-124
11914359-1	2002	Alanine scanning of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain (alphaCTD) was used to identify amino acid side chains important for class I cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP)-dependent transcription.	Alanine	0-7	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	194-197
11991204-4	2002	We identified essential amino acids in LBP86-99 for binding to LPS by using a peptide library corresponding to the Ala-scanning of human LBP residues 86-99.	Alanine	115-118	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	39-47
11991204-4	2002	We identified essential amino acids in LBP86-99 for binding to LPS by using a peptide library corresponding to the Ala-scanning of human LBP residues 86-99.	Alanine	115-118	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	39-42
11863375-8	2002	Expression of ALT2 protein in Escherichia coli produced a functional recombinant enzyme that catalyzes alanine transamination, confirming that the enzyme is an ALT.	Alanine	103-110	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
12006994-7	2002	When all Ser/Thr in Ser/Thr-Pro motif were mutated to Ala, the interaction of YLR190w (mutant) and YAF9 was weakened, and the effect of phosphate concentration was impaired.	Alanine	54-57	YEATS domain-containing protein YAF9	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	99-103
11734558-1	2002	In an attempt to determine which amino acid(s) of LD78beta, a variant of human macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, plays a critical role in the interaction with CCR5, we generated six LD78beta variants with an amino acid substituted to Ala at the NH(2) terminus of LD78beta.	Alanine	240-243	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	165-169
11781096-1	2002	Site-directed mutagenesis in which individual cleavage site P1 amino acids were changed to Ala was performed to delineate their importance in the processing of pro-CCK in mouse pituitary tumor AtT-20 cells.	Alanine	91-94	cholecystokinin	Mus musculus	164-167
12000228-2	2002	Urea is decomposed into ammonia and bicarbonate and the ammonia released is converted into alanine by reacting pyruvate under the catalytic action of AlaDH.	Alanine	91-98	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	150-155
11781833-8	2001	These effects of hZIPK were suppressed by the coexpression of a mutant MRLC where both phosphorylation sites were replaced with alanine, indicating that the changes in actin organization were a consequence of MRLC diphosphorylation.	Alanine	128-135	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
11846517-7	2001	This mutation results in Val--&gt;Ala substitution at codon 64 of connexin50 (Cx50) also known as lens membrane protein 70 (MP70).	Alanine	34-37	transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1	Mus musculus	103-122
11846517-7	2001	This mutation results in Val--&gt;Ala substitution at codon 64 of connexin50 (Cx50) also known as lens membrane protein 70 (MP70).	Alanine	34-37	transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1	Mus musculus	124-128
11746424-1	2001	A previous study has shown that glutamine (Gln) uptake in C6 cells grown in a standard medium containing 2 mM Gln, is predominantly mediated by a sodium-dependent system that is inhibited by ASC system substrates alanine (Ala), serine (Ser), cysteine (Cys) and threonine (Thr), shows pH sensitivity and partial tolerance to substitution of Na+ by Li+, features compatible with system ASCT2 that is strongly expressed in cultured astrocytes.	Alanine	222-225	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	384-389
11711621-0	2001	Clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of the vaccinia virus A20 gene: temperature-sensitive mutants have a DNA-minus phenotype and are defective in the production of processive DNA polymerase activity.	Alanine	20-27	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27	Homo sapiens	62-65
11711621-5	2001	Here we report the application of clustered charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of the A20 gene.	Alanine	54-61	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27	Homo sapiens	81-84
11780640-5	2001	Two features found in the amino-terminus of PUM2, regions rich in serine and glutamine/alanine-rich regions, were also identified in most Puf family members.	Alanine	87-94	puffyeye	Drosophila melanogaster	138-141
11564742-9	2001	Tropoelastin mutants were constructed to contain a Pro --&gt; Ala mutation in domain 26, separate deletions of domains 18 and 26, and a displacement of domain 26.	Alanine	62-65	elastin	Homo sapiens	0-12
11571292-6	2001	The histidine-alanine-valine region of the FGFR has previously been implicated in the N-cadherin response, and a candidate interaction site has been identified in extracellular domain 4 of N-cadherin.	Alanine	14-21	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	86-96
11683636-4	2001	To identify the key amino acid residues involved in the binding to Gp(Ib)alpha, we have performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of the basic HBS R93, R97, R101, R233, K236, K240, R233/K236/Q239, as well as of the neutral Q239 residues, located in different regions of the domain.	Alanine	98-105	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	67-78
11700073-6	2001	Characterization of 15 CCR5 alanine scanning mutants of charged extracellular amino acids revealed that alteration of acidic residues in the distal N-ter abrogated binding of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and vMIP-II.	Alanine	28-35	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	23-27
11700073-6	2001	Characterization of 15 CCR5 alanine scanning mutants of charged extracellular amino acids revealed that alteration of acidic residues in the distal N-ter abrogated binding of RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and vMIP-II.	Alanine	28-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	175-181
11689438-4	2001	Whereas C1a is sufficient to target a reporter protein to the TGN, mutation of serines 744/748 to alanines in the activation loop of intact PKD inhibits its localization to the TGN.	Alanine	98-106	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	140-143
11564711-3	2001	To protect from DPP IV, we have studied the biological activity of a GLP-1 analog in which 6-aminohexanoic acid (Aha) is inserted between histidine and alanine at positions 7 and 8.	Alanine	152-159	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
11574069-4	2001	Replacement of Ala position -2 of pre-P450(SCC) with Arg resulted in an increase in the cleavage rate.	Alanine	15-18	SCC	Bos taurus	43-46
11574069-7	2001	These results indicate that -2 Ala of pre-P450(SCC) is recognized by MPP as a determinant for precise cleavage, and that the amino acid at -2 is required to have a straight methylene chain for interaction with the S(2) site.	Alanine	31-34	SCC	Bos taurus	47-50
11448957-4	2001	Phosphorylation-deficient truncation or Ser/Ala replacement mutants of CCR5 mediated a sustained calcium response and enhanced granular enzyme release in RANTES-stimulated cells.	Alanine	44-47	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
11448957-8	2001	Inhibition of CCR5 palmitoylation by alanine mutagenesis of cysteines or treatment with a palmitate analogue inhibitor profoundly reduces phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- and RANTES-induced receptor phosphorylation, homologous desensitization, and internalization.	Alanine	37-44	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	175-181
11553684-5	2001	A GFP-VAChT mutant lacking a dileucine endocytosis motif (leucine residues 485 and 486 changed to alanine residues) accumulated at the plasma membrane in SN56 cells.	Alanine	98-105	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 3	Mus musculus	6-11
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
11500375-5	2001	In whole cells, Hsp70-FANCC binding and protection from IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity were blocked by alanine mutations located in a conserved motif within the Hsp70-interacting domain of FANCC.	Alanine	113-120	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	171-176
11683413-6	2001	However, one set of analogous Ala substitutions in the beta1 and beta3 tails differentially affected the ability of the tac-beta3 and tac-beta3 chimeras to activate tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-33	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	55-70
11683413-9	2001	Ala substitutions for the Val residue in the VTT motif of the beta1 tail or for the conserved Asp and Glu residues in the membrane-proximal region of the beta3 tail greatly diminished the ability of tac-beta1 and tac-beta3 to inhibit cell spreading, but had minimal effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	62-67
11683413-9	2001	Ala substitutions for the Val residue in the VTT motif of the beta1 tail or for the conserved Asp and Glu residues in the membrane-proximal region of the beta3 tail greatly diminished the ability of tac-beta1 and tac-beta3 to inhibit cell spreading, but had minimal effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	203-208
11532073-11	2001	Alanine substitutions in the cyclic IP01 identified at least four amino acids necessary for inhibition of ICAM-1 dependent cell aggregation; leucine 2, leucine 3, methionine 5, and arginine 6.	Alanine	0-7	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	106-112
11369776-8	2001	The spatial arrangements of the first CCPs were found to be important, as introduction of alanine residues between CCPs 1 and 2, CCPs 2 and 3, and CCPs 3 and 4 resulted in functional impairment.	Alanine	90-97	AGBL carboxypeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	147-159
11390469-8	2001	Mutation of four serine residues within the 19-aa insert to alanine affected CD45 function to a similar extent compared with that of the deletion mutants.	Alanine	60-67	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	77-81
11371189-8	2001	In contrast, the remaining 10 alanines were invariant in chemical shift in all 3 of the noncovalent complexes formed, reflecting the conservation of structure in complexes with BPTI and SBTI known from X-ray crystal structures, but also indicating that there is no change in backbone conformation for the noncovalent complex with alpha(1)PI, for which there is no crystal structure.	Alanine	30-38	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	177-181
11437236-6	2001	Crystal structures of this domain of TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC, and an alanine scanning analysis of this domain of TrkA and TrkC have allowed identification of the ligand-binding site.	Alanine	66-73	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	119-123
11319648-8	2001	CONCLUSION: As the val/ala-55 polymorphism is located in a domain of the protein without any known function, the different exercise efficiency between the two genotypes most likely reflects a linkage disequilibrium with a functionally significant polymorphism in UCP2 or in the neighbouring UCP3 gene.	Alanine	23-26	uncoupling protein 3	Homo sapiens	291-295
11683544-5	2001	A common polymorphism in the gene coding for the 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T, Ala --&gt; Val) is associated with a decreased activity of the enzyme due to thermolability.	Alanine	107-110	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	49-90
11683544-5	2001	A common polymorphism in the gene coding for the 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (C677T, Ala --&gt; Val) is associated with a decreased activity of the enzyme due to thermolability.	Alanine	107-110	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	92-97
11237870-9	2001	Interestingly, when all six putative Cdc28 phosphorylation sites in Cdc6p were changed to alanine, a 6-7-fold increase in binding to Mcm2p was observed.	Alanine	90-97	AAA family ATPase CDC6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	68-73
11035004-9	2001	Alanine mutation of the key Phe709 residue resulted in strongly elevated basal level RSKB activity.	Alanine	0-7	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A4	Homo sapiens	85-89
11172026-2	2001	To investigate the molecular targets of JNK signaling in lymphoid cells, we used mice in which the serines phosphorylated by JNK in c-Jun were replaced by homologous recombination with alanines (junAA mice).	Alanine	185-193	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	40-43
10880516-8	2001	In this work, the beta-stranded Leu/Ile residues in all LRRs of the human LHR and FSHR were Ala-scanned and characterized.	Alanine	92-95	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
11208814-10	2001	Finally, substitution of Ser(159) of m8 with Ala attenuates interaction with DmCKIIalpha, whereas substitution with Asp abolishes the interaction.	Alanine	45-48	casein kinase IIalpha	Drosophila melanogaster	77-88
11162494-4	2001	However, DEC2, but not DEC1, had alanine and glycine-rich regions in the C-terminal half.	Alanine	33-40	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	9-13
11299748-3	2001	The gene of MTHFR is polymorphic (C667T, alanine-to-valine), and this is related to the activity of the enzyme.	Alanine	41-48	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	12-17
11299748-9	2001	The incidences of MTHFR genotype were as follows: Ala/Ala, 27; Ala/Val, 30; Val/Val, 10.	Alanine	50-53	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	18-23
11680544-3	2001	A common cytosine (C) to a thymine (T) mutation at nucleotide 677 (677C &gt; T) in the MTHFR gene which converts an alanine residue to a valine, has been related with several biochemical phenotypes and with cardiovascular risk, depending on the population studied.	Alanine	116-123	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	87-92
22293958-5	2012	The cuticle of alas mutant larvae detaches from the epidermis and its basal region is frayed suggesting that an Alas dependent pathway is needed to organise the contact between the cuticle and the epidermis and anchor the cuticle to the apical surface of epidermal cells.	Alanine	15-19	Aminolevulinate synthase	Drosophila melanogaster	112-116
22238314-8	2012	Alanine substitution of individual hydrophobic amino acids in the NS3 helix alpha(0) impaired HCV RNA replication in cells with a functional RIG-I pathway, but viral RNA replication was rescued in cells lacking RIG-I signaling.	Alanine	0-7	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	141-146
22238314-8	2012	Alanine substitution of individual hydrophobic amino acids in the NS3 helix alpha(0) impaired HCV RNA replication in cells with a functional RIG-I pathway, but viral RNA replication was rescued in cells lacking RIG-I signaling.	Alanine	0-7	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	211-216
22244851-6	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of conserved residues within G-domains suggests that the G2 motif is critical for guanine nucleotide triphosphate (GTP) binding of GNL1 and further showed that nucleolar retention of GNL1 is regulated by a GTP-gating-mediated mechanism.	Alanine	0-7	G protein nucleolar 1 (putative)	Homo sapiens	160-164
22244851-6	2012	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of conserved residues within G-domains suggests that the G2 motif is critical for guanine nucleotide triphosphate (GTP) binding of GNL1 and further showed that nucleolar retention of GNL1 is regulated by a GTP-gating-mediated mechanism.	Alanine	0-7	G protein nucleolar 1 (putative)	Homo sapiens	212-216
22281053-6	2012	Genomic instability is apparent in cells with Brf1 T270 mutated to alanine to resist Plk1-directed inactivation, suggesting that chromosome segregation is vulnerable to inappropriate pol III activity.	Alanine	67-74	BRF1 RNA polymerase III transcription initiation factor subunit	Homo sapiens	46-50
22281053-6	2012	Genomic instability is apparent in cells with Brf1 T270 mutated to alanine to resist Plk1-directed inactivation, suggesting that chromosome segregation is vulnerable to inappropriate pol III activity.	Alanine	67-74	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
22262657-6	2012	Replenishing IgM in IgM knockout mice or increasing the levels of IgM-ALA in wild-type B6 mice significantly attenuated the inflammation in both of these inflammatory models that involve IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Alanine	70-73	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	201-206
22242893-3	2012	We systematically mutated each of the three histidine residues in CLIC1 to an alanine at position 74 and a phenylalanine at positions 185 and 207.	Alanine	78-85	chloride intracellular channel 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
22061963-7	2012	Interestingly, the inhibition effect of AG556 was lost in triple mutant hEAG1 channels at Y90, Y344, and Y485 with alanine.	Alanine	115-122	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
22177524-10	2012	The findings of the present study show that G(alphas) interacts with the mu1-opioid receptor, and the Ser/Thr mutation to Ala at the alpha3/beta5 loop of G(alphas) enhances morphine-induced AC sensitization.	Alanine	122-125	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	154-163
22901183-5	2012	RESULTS: Individuals carrying XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variant genotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 1.718; 95% CI, 1.190-2.479), while the OR for ADPRT Val762Ala variant genotype (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) was 1.175 (95% CI, 0.796-1.737).	Alanine	188-191	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
22901183-5	2012	RESULTS: Individuals carrying XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variant genotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 1.718; 95% CI, 1.190-2.479), while the OR for ADPRT Val762Ala variant genotype (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) was 1.175 (95% CI, 0.796-1.737).	Alanine	210-213	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
22901183-5	2012	RESULTS: Individuals carrying XRCC1 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp variant genotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 1.718; 95% CI, 1.190-2.479), while the OR for ADPRT Val762Ala variant genotype (Ala/Ala or Val/Ala) was 1.175 (95% CI, 0.796-1.737).	Alanine	210-213	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
22229724-9	2012	Catalytic site serine substitution with alanine (S305A) stabilized HtrA3 while abolishing its protease activity.	Alanine	40-47	HtrA serine peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	67-72
22045810-3	2011	Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of PTP1B or expression of a PTP1B trapping aspartic acid-to-alanine substitution (D/A) mutant delayed ligand-induced degradation of the Met and EGF RTKs.	Alanine	96-103	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
22020100-6	2011	Alanine substitutions of the conserved residues in the linker conferred constitutive activity to full-length RIG-I.	Alanine	0-7	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	109-114
21467995-8	2011	Substitution of these serine residues with alanine not only increases the association of Xbp1 with the Rpd3 complex and its recruitment to a DSB, but also promotes DSB repair.	Alanine	43-50	Xbp1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-93
21824916-6	2011	Cells expressing PNKP with alanine or aspartic acid at serines 114 and 126 were modestly radiosensitive and IR enhanced the association of PNKP with XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV; however, this interaction was not affected by mutation of PNKP phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	27-34	polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase	Homo sapiens	17-21
21987678-7	2011	The genome-wide linkage scan localized the disease interval to chromosome 6p, harboring TULP1 in 1 of 5 families, and sequential analyses identified a single base pair substitution in TULP1 that results in threonine to alanine substitution (p.T380A).	Alanine	219-226	TUB like protein 1	Homo sapiens	184-189
21936812-5	2011	Alanine scanning of these and other SV2A residues resulted in the identification of residues affecting racetam binding, including Ile273 which differentiated between racetam analogues, when mutated to alanine.	Alanine	0-7	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	36-40
21936812-5	2011	Alanine scanning of these and other SV2A residues resulted in the identification of residues affecting racetam binding, including Ile273 which differentiated between racetam analogues, when mutated to alanine.	Alanine	201-208	synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A	Homo sapiens	36-40
21715326-9	2011	All were effective inhibitors of MMP-1 with nanomolar K(i) values, but TM8, containing Ser(2) to Asp and Ser(4) to Ala substitutions, was the most selective having a nanomolar K(i) value for MMP-1 but no detectable inhibitory activity toward MMP-3 and MMP-14 up to 10 muM.	Alanine	115-118	tetraspanin 16	Homo sapiens	71-74
21771585-2	2011	The hGS active site is composed of three highly conserved catalytic loops, notably the alanine rich A-loop.	Alanine	87-94	hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate	Homo sapiens	4-7
21707057-2	2011	Separately, comprehensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis of one of its acyl carrier protein substrates (ACP1 from DSZS) led to the identification of a conserved Asp45 residue on the ACP, which contributes to the substrate specificity of this unusual enzyme.	Alanine	26-33	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
21611667-8	2011	Mutation of the conserved Asp to Ala in the PAS-GAF-PHY protein had a similar but larger effect.	Alanine	33-36	fibroblast growth factor 9	Homo sapiens	48-51
21525429-6	2011	Mutations of the conserved leucines into alanines in LZ1, not in LZ2, diminish the redox-dependent oligomerization of MG53.	Alanine	41-49	tripartite motif containing 72	Homo sapiens	118-122
21670298-9	2011	Replacement of the six serines or the seven threonines (but not of the single tyrosine) of hSlo1 intracellular loops 1 and 3 with alanines decreased hSlo1 direct myristoylation by 40-44%, whereas in combination decreased myristoylation by nearly 90% and abolished the myristic acid-induced change in current density.	Alanine	130-138	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
21670298-9	2011	Replacement of the six serines or the seven threonines (but not of the single tyrosine) of hSlo1 intracellular loops 1 and 3 with alanines decreased hSlo1 direct myristoylation by 40-44%, whereas in combination decreased myristoylation by nearly 90% and abolished the myristic acid-induced change in current density.	Alanine	130-138	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Homo sapiens	149-154
21515688-5	2011	Binding experiments with CTRC revealed that (i) inhibitors with Leu at P1 bind 10-fold stronger than those with P1 Met; (ii) Asp at P2" (versus Leu) decreases affinity but increases selectivity, and (iii) Glu or Asp at P4" (versus Ala) increase affinity 10-fold.	Alanine	231-234	chymotrypsin C	Homo sapiens	25-29
21591677-2	2011	A rotation model has been proposed for the activation of human erythropoietin receptor and human growth hormone receptor and is supported by evidence showing that additions of alanine at the junction of the transmembrane (TM) and intracellular (IC) domains and/or within the TM domain influenced receptor activities.	Alanine	176-183	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	97-120
21495629-8	2011	Structural modeling analysis and alanine scanning mutagenesis of conserved G-domains suggest that G4 and G5 motifs are critical for GTP binding of NGP-1 and further show that the nucleolar localization of NGP-1 is regulated by a GTP gating-mediated mechanism.	Alanine	33-40	G protein nucleolar 2	Homo sapiens	205-210
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	102-106
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	102-106
21357426-6	2011	Mutations of lysine residues 67 and 87/89 to alanine within Pax5 abolish p300-mediated enhancement of Pax5-induced Luc-CD19 reporter expression in HEK293 cells and prevent Pax5 to activate endogenous Cd19 and Blnk expression in Pax5(-/-) murine pro B cells.	Alanine	45-52	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	102-106
21330376-7	2011	Ser/Thr to Ala scanning mutations at all seven sites eliminated CK2-mediated phosphorylation of PIF1 in vitro.	Alanine	11-14	phytochrome interacting factor 3-like 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
21330376-8	2011	Moreover, the rate of degradation of the Ser/Thr to Ala mutant PIF1 was significantly reduced compared with wild-type PIF1 in transgenic plants.	Alanine	52-55	phytochrome interacting factor 3-like 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-67
21330376-8	2011	Moreover, the rate of degradation of the Ser/Thr to Ala mutant PIF1 was significantly reduced compared with wild-type PIF1 in transgenic plants.	Alanine	52-55	phytochrome interacting factor 3-like 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	118-122
21278383-7	2011	Two alanine residues from Arp7A that occupy equivalent apolar pockets in both LIM domains as well as an intervening GPAK linker that binds the LIM2-3 junction are critical for the Arp7A-Tes interaction.	Alanine	4-11	testin LIM domain protein	Homo sapiens	186-189
21323310-6	2011	The mutation of Lys60 on loop5 of HAH1 to Ala (the corresponding residue is Phe67 in MNK1) results in a 3-fold lowering of the affinity for Cu(I) at pH 7.0.	Alanine	42-45	antioxidant 1 copper chaperone	Homo sapiens	34-38
21323310-6	2011	The mutation of Lys60 on loop5 of HAH1 to Ala (the corresponding residue is Phe67 in MNK1) results in a 3-fold lowering of the affinity for Cu(I) at pH 7.0.	Alanine	42-45	MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
21257813-4	2011	By replacing (one at a time) all 15 residues in the fragment with Ala or Leu, five residues (K1, A2, T4, N8, and A15) were identified as being especially important for the inhibitory action of the fragment.	Alanine	66-69	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-32 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	113-116
21138942-4	2011	In this paper, we show that PINK1 is cleaved between amino acids Ala-103 and Phe-104 to generate DeltaN-PINK1.	Alanine	65-68	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
21138942-4	2011	In this paper, we show that PINK1 is cleaved between amino acids Ala-103 and Phe-104 to generate DeltaN-PINK1.	Alanine	65-68	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
21055468-10	2011	MMP3 and MMP12 were able to degrade aggrecan at the very C-terminus of the CS-2 region, cleaving the Glu(2047-2048)Ala bond which was previously shown to be cleaved by ADAMTS5.	Alanine	115-118	stromelysin-1	Bos taurus	0-4
21055468-10	2011	MMP3 and MMP12 were able to degrade aggrecan at the very C-terminus of the CS-2 region, cleaving the Glu(2047-2048)Ala bond which was previously shown to be cleaved by ADAMTS5.	Alanine	115-118	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Bos taurus	9-14
21252300-7	2011	In marked contrast, a single alanine-for-leucine substitution in domain I of IAA12 or IAA17 confers repression of auxin response genes and "low-auxin" phenotypes.	Alanine	29-36	AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-82
21252300-7	2011	In marked contrast, a single alanine-for-leucine substitution in domain I of IAA12 or IAA17 confers repression of auxin response genes and "low-auxin" phenotypes.	Alanine	29-36	AUX/IAA transcriptional regulator family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-91
21149455-3	2011	To identify the Cma prolyl bonds targeted by FkpA, we replaced the 15 proline residues individually with alanine.	Alanine	105-112	Colicin M activity protein	Escherichia coli	16-19
21282642-7	2011	Our results show that His64 is essential for the enhancement of lactate transport via MCT1/4, because a mutation of this residue to alanine (CAII-H64A) abolishes the CAII-induced increase in MCT1/4 activity.	Alanine	132-139	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
21282642-7	2011	Our results show that His64 is essential for the enhancement of lactate transport via MCT1/4, because a mutation of this residue to alanine (CAII-H64A) abolishes the CAII-induced increase in MCT1/4 activity.	Alanine	132-139	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	166-170
21175197-8	2011	A highly conserved aspartic acid within the MetRS SCF is proposed to make an electrostatic interaction with an active site lysine; these residues were replaced with alanines or conservative substitutions.	Alanine	165-173	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	50-53
21142136-5	2011	With structure-guided alanine scanning mutagenesis we truncated individual side chains in the hydrophobic amino acid cluster located within the CK2alpha interface to identify experimentally the amino acids that dominate affinity.	Alanine	22-29	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	144-152
21148729-7	2011	Asp226 is exposed at the Cma surface and is surrounded by Asp225, Asp229, His235, Tyr228, and Arg236; replacement of each with alanine inactivated Cma.	Alanine	127-134	Colicin M activity protein	Escherichia coli	147-150
21148729-10	2011	Replacement of other conserved residues with alanine inactivated Cma; these mutations probably altered the Cma structure, as particularly apparent for mutants in the unique open beta-barrel of Cma, which were isolated in lower yields.	Alanine	45-52	Colicin M activity protein	Escherichia coli	65-68
21148729-10	2011	Replacement of other conserved residues with alanine inactivated Cma; these mutations probably altered the Cma structure, as particularly apparent for mutants in the unique open beta-barrel of Cma, which were isolated in lower yields.	Alanine	45-52	Colicin M activity protein	Escherichia coli	107-110
21148729-10	2011	Replacement of other conserved residues with alanine inactivated Cma; these mutations probably altered the Cma structure, as particularly apparent for mutants in the unique open beta-barrel of Cma, which were isolated in lower yields.	Alanine	45-52	Colicin M activity protein	Escherichia coli	107-110
20734203-4	2011	We describe a novel heterozygous mutation in factor H, position A48S (nucleotide position 142 G &gt; T, alanine &gt; serine), detected in exon 2 of a 14-year-old girl with IgA nephropathy.	Alanine	104-111	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	45-53
21731742-4	2011	Alteration of S4, S8 of RPA2 to alanines, which prevent phosphorylations at these sites, caused increased mitotic entry with concomitant increases in RAD51 foci and homologous recombination.	Alanine	32-40	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	150-155
21094982-10	2011	A significantly higher MMA% was found in people who carried the wild type of GSTO1 140 Ala/Ala compared to those who carried the GSTO1 140 Ala/Asp and Asp/Asp genotype (p=0.02).	Alanine	87-90	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
21094982-10	2011	A significantly higher MMA% was found in people who carried the wild type of GSTO1 140 Ala/Ala compared to those who carried the GSTO1 140 Ala/Asp and Asp/Asp genotype (p=0.02).	Alanine	91-94	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
21094982-10	2011	A significantly higher MMA% was found in people who carried the wild type of GSTO1 140 Ala/Ala compared to those who carried the GSTO1 140 Ala/Asp and Asp/Asp genotype (p=0.02).	Alanine	91-94	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
20615094-10	2010	Decreasing the relative degree of hydrophobicity in the beta-pleated sheet secondary structural motif of the TRH1 domain by replacing key Val residues with Ala increased the affinity for BMP-2 whereas altering the composition of the alpha-helical turn did not.	Alanine	156-159	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Bos taurus	187-192
20709103-3	2010	Here we show that, in human malignant T cells, the expression of a mutated IFN-gammaR2 chain in which the LI(255-256) internalization motif is replaced by two alanines (LI(255-256)AA) induces cell surface accumulation of the receptor and reinstates the cell sensitivity to IFN-gamma.	Alanine	159-167	interferon gamma receptor 2	Homo sapiens	75-86
20971063-5	2010	ADAM28 cleaved CTGF in dose- and time-dependent manners at the Ala(181)-Tyr(182) and Asp(191)-Pro(192) bonds in the hinge region of the molecule.	Alanine	63-66	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28	Homo sapiens	0-6
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
20643654-6	2010	Disruption of Grb2-PDK1 by expression of either a Grb2 Src homology 3 domain or a PDK1 proline to alanine mutant inhibited PDK1 recruitment to SHPS-1, leading to impaired IGF-I-stimulated AKT Thr(308) phosphorylation.	Alanine	98-105	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
20632993-9	2010	A single amino acid difference in the ALK substrate peptide binding P-1 site (where the P-site is the phosphoacceptor site) was identified that, in conjunction with A-loop sequence variation including the RAS (Arg-Ala-Ser)-motif, rationalizes the difference in the A-loop tyrosine autophosphorylation preference between ALK and IGF1RK/IRK.	Alanine	214-217	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	38-41
20632993-9	2010	A single amino acid difference in the ALK substrate peptide binding P-1 site (where the P-site is the phosphoacceptor site) was identified that, in conjunction with A-loop sequence variation including the RAS (Arg-Ala-Ser)-motif, rationalizes the difference in the A-loop tyrosine autophosphorylation preference between ALK and IGF1RK/IRK.	Alanine	214-217	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	320-323
20736304-9	2010	However, our results suggest that STIM1 phosphorylation at ERK1/2 target sites can modulate SOCE by altering STIM1 binding to SOCs, because a significant decrease in FRET efficiency was observed between alanine substitution mutants of STIM1-GFP and ORAI1-CFP.	Alanine	203-210	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Homo sapiens	249-254
20566625-4	2010	To understand better how the activity of agrin is regulated by alternative splicing, we have applied alanine substitution mutagenesis to the z8 insert and the calcium binding site in the minimally functional AgG3z8 fragment.	Alanine	101-108	agrin	Homo sapiens	41-46
20566625-5	2010	Single alanine substitutions in the 4th through the 7th amino acid of the z8 splice insert significantly reduced the function of agrin, in terms of acetylcholine receptor clustering activity and the affinity for binding to the muscle surface.	Alanine	7-14	agrin	Homo sapiens	129-134
20686338-0	2010	A consecutive three alanine residue insertion mutant of human CAR: a novel CAR ligand screening system in HepG2 cells.	Alanine	20-27	CXADR Ig-like cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	62-65
20686338-0	2010	A consecutive three alanine residue insertion mutant of human CAR: a novel CAR ligand screening system in HepG2 cells.	Alanine	20-27	CXADR Ig-like cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	75-78
20686338-4	2010	We established a novel screening system for hCAR ligands (including agonists and inverse agonists) by expressing GAL4/DBD-fused hCAR/LBD, in which three consecutive alanine residues were inserted between helix 11 and helix 12 of LBD, and a commercially obtained plasmid consisting of the firefly luciferase gene downstream of the GAL4 responsive element in a cultured cell line.	Alanine	165-172	CXADR Ig-like cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	44-48
20686338-4	2010	We established a novel screening system for hCAR ligands (including agonists and inverse agonists) by expressing GAL4/DBD-fused hCAR/LBD, in which three consecutive alanine residues were inserted between helix 11 and helix 12 of LBD, and a commercially obtained plasmid consisting of the firefly luciferase gene downstream of the GAL4 responsive element in a cultured cell line.	Alanine	165-172	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	113-117
20515653-4	2010	Full length UNC-31 cDNA rescued the phenotypes of C. elegans null mutants in response to Ca(2+)-elevation in ALA neurons.	Alanine	109-112	Calcium-dependent secretion activator	Caenorhabditis elegans	12-18
20484411-7	2010	Ala mutagenesis of Runx2 Ser/Thr residues identified that S301 and T326 in AD3 are necessary for full MINT+FGF2 trans-activation.	Alanine	0-3	spen family transcription repressor	Mus musculus	102-106
20332332-3	2010	We generated a construct encoding DSPP, in which Asp(452), a cleavage site residue, was replaced by Ala(452).	Alanine	100-103	dentin sialophosphoprotein	Mus musculus	34-38
20377425-4	2010	We found most single alanine mutations capable of abolishing CCR5 binding, suggesting binding contacts that are highly sensitive to mutation.	Alanine	21-28	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	61-65
20377425-6	2010	Three of the alanine mutations did not abolish CCR5 binding but rather resulted in enhanced CCR5 binding.	Alanine	13-20	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	92-96
19962980-7	2010	Raver2 harbors two putative PTB binding sequences in the C-terminal half of the protein, whose influence on Raver2-PTB complex formation was analyzed in a mutational approach, replacing critical leucine residues with alanines.	Alanine	217-225	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	115-118
20043997-8	2010	Similar ratios were observed for human and goat CYP17 with the corresponding Ala or Leu residues.	Alanine	77-80	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1A	Capra hircus	48-53
20113314-8	2010	Substituting the histidine residue at position 3 in human hepcidin-25 and comparably the asparagine residue at position 3 in murine hepcidin-25 with an alanine residue markedly diminished the affinity for copper.	Alanine	152-159	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	132-140
20226086-4	2010	In an attempt to understand the structure-function relationship of ZAP, we performed alanine scanning analysis.	Alanine	85-92	zinc finger CCCH-type containing, antiviral 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
20226086-5	2010	RESULTS: A series of ZAP mutants was generated, in which three consecutive amino acids were replaced with three alanines.	Alanine	112-120	zinc finger CCCH-type containing, antiviral 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
19916533-6	2010	In the submolecular resolution STM, it is most reasonably interpreted that intermolecular network between adsorption alanines is connected by N-H(1)...O(2) and N-H(2)...O(2) hydrogen bonds to form each homochiral domain and the bond at the domain boundary is enhanced by scanning tip which is most probably modified.	Alanine	117-125	sulfotransferase family 1A member 3	Homo sapiens	31-34
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	63-70
20069457-9	2010	Furthermore, stable cells containing a triple serine mutant of RASSF1A [serine (S) 175 to alanine (A) [S175A], S178A, and S179A] resulted in increased basal cell death, enhanced Annexin V staining and enhanced cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) following TNFalpha stimulation when compared to stable cells containing wild type RASSF1A.	Alanine	90-97	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	340-347
20000722-13	2010	CFA and NFA are found to exhibit conformational preferences that do in some ways more closely resemble those of the alanine dipeptide analogue.	Alanine	116-123	tubulin folding cofactor A	Homo sapiens	0-3
21127388-6	2010	Administration of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1 for 7 days also increased the protein content and proteolytic activities of MMP2 and MMP9 in the cerebrum.	Alanine	18-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
19894758-1	2009	We have performed computational alanine scanning to gain insight into thermodynamic aspects of coupled folding and binding of the phosphorylated kinase-inducible activation domain (pKID) of CREB, and intrinsically disorder protein (IDP), to KIX.	Alanine	32-39	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	190-194
19917688-3	2009	In this study, we report that when low concentrations of Ag receptor activators are used, loss of S649 (by mutation to alanine) promotes enhanced IkappaB kinase and JNK activation in both B and T cell lines.	Alanine	119-126	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	165-168
19717558-7	2009	Neutralizing these aspartates in Kv2.1 by mutating them to alanines did not affect the gating properties, but reduced the current density moderately.	Alanine	59-67	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
19755426-5	2009	In contrast, phosphorylation of HSL on Ser-563 was delayed, the phosphorylated protein was predominantly detected on LDs, and mutation of the Ser-659/Ser-660 site to Ala significantly reduced subsequent phosphorylation on Ser-563.	Alanine	166-169	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	32-35
19765191-7	2009	Within the SMIR, the conserved W184, H190 and positively charged R183, R186, K187, and K189 residues are critical to the p62-mutant SOD1 interaction as substitution of these residues with alanine resulted in significantly abolished binding.	Alanine	188-195	sequestosome 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
19740999-4	2009	Furthermore, we showed that alanine substitution in HSV-2 Us3 at a site (aspartic acid at position 147) corresponding to one that can be autophosphorylated in HSV-1 Us3 abolished HSV-2 Us3 kinase activity.	Alanine	28-35	tegument protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 2	58-61
19740999-4	2009	Furthermore, we showed that alanine substitution in HSV-2 Us3 at a site (aspartic acid at position 147) corresponding to one that can be autophosphorylated in HSV-1 Us3 abolished HSV-2 Us3 kinase activity.	Alanine	28-35	tegument protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 2	165-168
19740999-4	2009	Furthermore, we showed that alanine substitution in HSV-2 Us3 at a site (aspartic acid at position 147) corresponding to one that can be autophosphorylated in HSV-1 Us3 abolished HSV-2 Us3 kinase activity.	Alanine	28-35	tegument protein	Human alphaherpesvirus 2	165-168
20641306-4	2004	GRP and BN share an identical C-terminal region (-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2), which is necessary for receptor binding and signal transduction (5, 6).	Alanine	54-57	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
19608645-9	2009	Mutating the lysine-arginine-lysine motif within the juxtamembrane region of the PTH1R C-terminal tail to alanines markedly disrupts interactions with the band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, domain of ezrin both in vitro and within cells.	Alanine	106-114	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Sus scrofa	81-86
19608645-9	2009	Mutating the lysine-arginine-lysine motif within the juxtamembrane region of the PTH1R C-terminal tail to alanines markedly disrupts interactions with the band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, domain of ezrin both in vitro and within cells.	Alanine	106-114	LOC100153898	Sus scrofa	191-196
19502493-5	2009	First we describe the effect of mutations on six different positions chosen to destabilize Tdt Loop1 structure, either by alanine substitution or by deletion; they result at most in a reduction of Tdt activity, but adding Co(++) restores most of this Tdt activity.	Alanine	122-129	DNA nucleotidylexotransferase	Homo sapiens	91-94
19549823-1	2009	Alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) catalyzes synthesis of Ala-tRNA(Ala) and hydrolysis of mis-acylated Ser- and Gly-tRNA(Ala) at 2 different catalytic sites.	Alanine	0-3	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
19549823-1	2009	Alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS) catalyzes synthesis of Ala-tRNA(Ala) and hydrolysis of mis-acylated Ser- and Gly-tRNA(Ala) at 2 different catalytic sites.	Alanine	24-27	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	0-22
19116209-7	2009	Active MMP-9 cleaved a single peptide, ECVKGPNVAAIVGGT, at residues corresponding to Ala(705) and Ile(706) of the beta(2) integrin.	Alanine	85-88	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	7-12
19417147-5	2009	Melittin is synthesized as promelittin, containing a 22 amino acid NH(2)-terminal prodomain rich in the amino acids proline and alanine.	Alanine	128-135	melittin	Apis mellifera	0-8
19240036-1	2009	System A transporters SNAT1 and SNAT2 mediate uptake of neutral alpha-amino acids (e.g. glutamine, alanine, and proline) and are expressed in central neurons.	Alanine	99-106	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
19275891-4	2009	Here, a Thr-to-Ala mutation in the rat CASK guanylate kinase (GK) domain was shown to reduce interactions among CASK and Tbr-1 and CINAP, two critical brain proteins.	Alanine	15-18	calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (MAGUK family)	Mus musculus	39-43
19275891-4	2009	Here, a Thr-to-Ala mutation in the rat CASK guanylate kinase (GK) domain was shown to reduce interactions among CASK and Tbr-1 and CINAP, two critical brain proteins.	Alanine	15-18	calcium/calmodulin dependent serine protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
19275891-4	2009	Here, a Thr-to-Ala mutation in the rat CASK guanylate kinase (GK) domain was shown to reduce interactions among CASK and Tbr-1 and CINAP, two critical brain proteins.	Alanine	15-18	T-box brain transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
19236849-5	2009	Both, deletion construct analyses and serine-to-alanine mutations identified SIRT1 Ser-659 and Ser-661 as major CK2 phosphorylation sites that are phosphorylated in vivo as well.	Alanine	48-55	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
19289572-3	2009	When Glu363 in the pore region, Leu356 and Thr355 in the P helix, and Phe380 in the upper portion of the S6 helix are mutated into an alanine, gating is impaired: mutant channels E363A, L356A, T355A, and F380A desensitize in the presence of a constant cGMP concentration, contrary to what can be observed in wild-type (WT) CNGA1 channels.	Alanine	134-141	cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	323-328
19141611-8	2009	Mutation of the Ser (SA) or Thr (TA) residue to Ala in the motif markedly impaired its ability to interact with Axin.	Alanine	48-51	axin 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
19218223-0	2009	A single U/C nucleotide substitution changing alanine to valine in the beet necrotic yellow vein virus P25 protein promotes increased virus accumulation in roots of mechanically inoculated, partially resistant sugar beet seedlings.	Alanine	46-53	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	103-106
19254264-3	2009	We found a novel substitution at nucleotide position 195 (G-T), codon 41 (Ala), in exon 2 of HLA-G.	Alanine	74-77	major histocompatibility complex, class I, G	Homo sapiens	93-98
19074425-6	2009	However, an alanine substitution at the RH domain contact position in Galpha(13) resulted in a large decrease in affinity.	Alanine	12-19	G protein subunit alpha 13	Homo sapiens	70-80
19138666-5	2009	Their exchange for alanine gave Numb-negative mutants detaining the inhibition of P-selectin endocytosis by Numb PTB overexpression.	Alanine	19-26	NUMB endocytic adaptor protein	Homo sapiens	32-36
19138666-5	2009	Their exchange for alanine gave Numb-negative mutants detaining the inhibition of P-selectin endocytosis by Numb PTB overexpression.	Alanine	19-26	polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
18983266-7	2009	A beta2AR construct with these two residues mutated to alanine, beta2AR RK/AA (R333A/K348A), was generated.	Alanine	55-62	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	2-9
18983266-7	2009	A beta2AR construct with these two residues mutated to alanine, beta2AR RK/AA (R333A/K348A), was generated.	Alanine	55-62	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	64-71
19216784-5	2009	RESULTS: To address these questions, we generated a replication-competent HIV-1 Vif mutant in which the A3G-binding residues of Vif, Y(40)RHHY(44), were substituted with five alanines.	Alanine	175-183	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	80-83
19058226-2	2009	The PHOX2B mutations reported include polyalanine expansions in a 20 alanines tract, missense, frameshift mutations and nonsense mutation.	Alanine	69-77	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	4-10
19058226-6	2009	We extended the molecular studies to other non-polyalanine expansion mutations and show that most PHOX2B protein mutants oligomerize even in the absence of the normal 20 alanines tract.	Alanine	170-178	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	98-104
11149488-3	2001	Two mutants of the hVDR were produced, W286A and W286F, in which the tryptophan was replaced with an alanine or a phenylalanine, respectively.	Alanine	101-108	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	19-23
11114158-8	2000	Supporting a functional role for Lys-239 in CtBP binding, mutation of this residue to Ala decreases the ability of E1A to block cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE)-binding protein (CREB)-stimulated gene expression.	Alanine	86-89	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
10982819-5	2000	Modeling its interaction with substrate suggested that a favorable interaction with Glu-95 of Cdc42 (Glu-97 of RhoA) would be absent with the corresponding Ala-95 of Rac1.	Alanine	156-159	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
11101306-7	2000	Notably, mutation of TM3 residue D126 to alanine decreased the binding affinity of AGRP (87-132), a C-terminal derivative of the endogenous melanocortin antagonist, 8-fold, and simultaneous mutations D122A/D126A completely abolished AGRP (87-132) binding.	Alanine	41-48	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
11101306-7	2000	Notably, mutation of TM3 residue D126 to alanine decreased the binding affinity of AGRP (87-132), a C-terminal derivative of the endogenous melanocortin antagonist, 8-fold, and simultaneous mutations D122A/D126A completely abolished AGRP (87-132) binding.	Alanine	41-48	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-87
11101306-7	2000	Notably, mutation of TM3 residue D126 to alanine decreased the binding affinity of AGRP (87-132), a C-terminal derivative of the endogenous melanocortin antagonist, 8-fold, and simultaneous mutations D122A/D126A completely abolished AGRP (87-132) binding.	Alanine	41-48	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	233-237
11093164-4	2000	The E84 residues is localized in the SCR1-2 hinge and the deleterious effect of its substitution by an alanine residue could affect the relative orientation and / or tilt of SCR1 on SCR2.	Alanine	103-110	RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
11036023-7	2000	Likewise, certain characteristic structural features of CTX-M enzymes, such as Phe-160, Ser-237, and Arg-276, were observed for BES-1, which, in addition, harbored different residues (Ala-104, Ser-171, Arg-220, Gly-240) and six additional residues at the end of the sequence.	Alanine	184-187	BES-1	Serratia marcescens	128-133
11029582-7	2000	Mutation of either repeat 2 or repeat 4, or simultaneous mutation of Lys792, Arg793 and Lys797 at the C-terminal end of RH II/Gu to alanines inhibits RNA foldase activity.	Alanine	132-140	DExD-box helicase 21	Homo sapiens	120-128
11132149-4	2000	The FUT1 polymorphisms result in amino acid substitutions at positions 103 (Ala--&gt;Thr) and 286 (Arg--&gt;Glu).	Alanine	76-79	galactoside alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase 1	Sus scrofa	4-8
10948200-2	2000	In this study, we randomly mutated two specific residues within the human RXRalpha identity box region previously identified as important determinants in heterodimerization (i.e. Ala(416) and Arg(421)).	Alanine	179-182	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-82
11035780-8	2000	Two other mutations, replacing the aspartic acid residues at either positions 100 or 136 with alanine, also increase IRT1 metal selectivity by eliminating transport of both iron and manganese.	Alanine	94-101	iron-regulated transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	117-121
11024398-4	2000	A 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation (valine [V] was substituted for alanine [A]) has been reported to be associated with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine in mutant homozygotes (i.e., VV).	Alanine	97-104	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	2-42
11024398-4	2000	A 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutation (valine [V] was substituted for alanine [A]) has been reported to be associated with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine in mutant homozygotes (i.e., VV).	Alanine	97-104	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	44-49
10924522-9	2000	Thus, these experiments demonstrate that a prothrombin binding site exists in the A1 domain of FXI spanning residues Ala(45)-Ser(86) that is contiguous with but separate and distinct from the HK- and thrombin-binding sites and that this interaction occurs through the kringle II domain of prothrombin.	Alanine	117-120	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	82-84
10970739-2	2000	Primary env genes cloned from sequential isolates from two seroconverters revealed Pro--&gt;Ala conversion in the conserved GPG motif of the V3 crown in seven of 17 R5 ENV.	Alanine	92-95	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	8-11
10970739-2	2000	Primary env genes cloned from sequential isolates from two seroconverters revealed Pro--&gt;Ala conversion in the conserved GPG motif of the V3 crown in seven of 17 R5 ENV.	Alanine	92-95	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	168-171
10978617-6	2000	The K(in), K(cat) and K(cat)/K(m) values of DPP III at optimal pH (pH 8.5) were 290 microM, 18.0 s(-1) and 6.21x10(4) s(-1)M(-1) for Arg-Arg-MCA and 125 microM, 4.53 s(-1) and 3.62x10(4) s(-1)M(-1) for Ala-Arg-MCA, respectively.	Alanine	202-205	dipeptidylpeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
19047061-8	2009	Replacing Ser504/532 with alanine disrupted PKCtheta-catalyzed PDK1 phosphorylation in vitro and palmitate-induced PDK1 phosphorylation in cells.	Alanine	26-33	protein kinase C, theta	Mus musculus	44-52
2692595-4	1989	Limited proteolysis with thrombin resulted in the cleavage of only a single peptide bond between arginine-132 and alanine-133 in bovine somatotropin dimer.	Alanine	114-121	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	25-33
10931524-6	2000	Truncations of the GAL4-Gtx fusion identified a portable repressor domain within a relatively proline/alanine-rich region N-terminal to the Gtx homeodomain.	Alanine	102-109	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
10811636-7	2000	This was most likely a specific effect of phosphorylation of PLM by DMPK, as the effect was not present in oocytes expressing a phos(-) PLM mutant in which all potential phosphorylation had been disabled by Ser --> Ala substitution.	Alanine	215-218	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	61-64
19272175-3	2009	METHODS: To identify the critical amino acid residues of human EndoG, we replaced the conserved histidine, asparagine, and arginine residues with alanine.	Alanine	146-153	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	63-68
2605694-1	1989	A heptadecapeptide, H-Arg-Lys-Ala-Val-Tyr-Val-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Ser-Leu-Thr-Ala-Glu-His-OH , corresponding to amino acids 32 to 48 of human splenin (hSP) and an analog in which the amino acid residue at position 34 is changed from Ala to Glu, were synthesized.	Alanine	30-33	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	151-154
19910676-10	2009	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve on I(glu) was abrogated by replacement of the serine in the SGK consensus sequence by alanine ((S318A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	120-127	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	94-97
10961508-0	2000	A Pro --&gt; Ala substitution in melittin affects self-association, membrane binding and pore-formation kinetics due to changes in structural and electrostatic properties Melittin, the main component of bee venom of Apis mellifera, contains a proline at position 14, which is highly conserved in related peptides of various bee venoms.	Alanine	13-16	melittin	Apis mellifera	33-41
10961508-0	2000	A Pro --&gt; Ala substitution in melittin affects self-association, membrane binding and pore-formation kinetics due to changes in structural and electrostatic properties Melittin, the main component of bee venom of Apis mellifera, contains a proline at position 14, which is highly conserved in related peptides of various bee venoms.	Alanine	13-16	melittin	Apis mellifera	171-179
10961508-1	2000	To investigate the structural and functional role of Pro14 a melittin analogue was studied where proline is substituted by an alanine residue (P14A).	Alanine	126-133	melittin	Apis mellifera	61-69
10961508-7	2000	The different features of P14A in aggregation, binding and efflux compared to melittin are mainly ascribable directly to structural changes caused by the proline --&gt; alanine substitution.	Alanine	169-176	melittin	Apis mellifera	78-86
10934805-6	2000	Patients with elevated serum GGT had significantly higher serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, significantly higher histologic scores of liver lobular necro-inflammation and fibrosis when compared to patients with normal serum GGT.	Alanine	74-81	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
19529820-6	2009	When this site was mutated to Ala, the autophosphorylation rate of SOS2 decreased.	Alanine	30-33	Protein kinase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-71
2605694-1	1989	A heptadecapeptide, H-Arg-Lys-Ala-Val-Tyr-Val-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Ser-Leu-Thr-Ala-Glu-His-OH , corresponding to amino acids 32 to 48 of human splenin (hSP) and an analog in which the amino acid residue at position 34 is changed from Ala to Glu, were synthesized.	Alanine	78-81	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	151-154
2506342-10	1989	On this basis, the major routes of alanine entry appear to be via the ASC and L systems with the A system playing a quantitatively minor role.	Alanine	35-42	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
19365559-8	2009	Mutations of S179/S208 to alanines inhibited the transcriptional and pro-neural activities of Neurog1.	Alanine	26-34	neurogenin 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
10849024-6	2000	RESULTS: The proportion of AACT/Ala-15 homozygotes was significantly higher in the COPD patients than in the control subjects (COPD 37.7% vs. control 18.5%).	Alanine	32-35	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	27-31
10849024-9	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphism in the signal peptide of AACT may be associated with individual susceptibility to the development of COPD, because the AACT/Ala-15 genotype is predominantly found in patients with COPD.	Alanine	158-161	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	59-63
10849024-9	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphism in the signal peptide of AACT may be associated with individual susceptibility to the development of COPD, because the AACT/Ala-15 genotype is predominantly found in patients with COPD.	Alanine	158-161	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	153-157
2845932-3	1988	Z-Tyr(I)-Ala-CHN2 (where Z represents benzyloxycarbonyl) reacts rapidly with cathepsin L and more slowly with cathepsin B, but does not inhibit calpain II.	Alanine	9-12	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	110-121
10748003-4	2000	To demonstrate it, we prepared 15 types of alanine-substituted hGHR gene at the stem region and stably transfected them into Ba/F3 cells.	Alanine	43-50	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	63-67
10779565-7	2000	However, alanine scanning mutagenesis of the transmembrane domains revealed that the binding site for TAK-779 on CCR5 is located near the extracellular surface of the receptor, within a cavity formed between transmembrane helices 1, 2, 3, and 7.	Alanine	9-16	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	113-117
10799302-1	2000	To clarify the structural basis of the cell adhesion activity of cadherins, we examined the effects of point mutations of well-conserved amino acid residues in the extracellular domain 1 of cadherin-4 (Cdh4) on the adhesion properties by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	238-245	cadherin 4	Homo sapiens	202-206
10836427-0	2000	An automated system for the measurement of alanine/EPR dosimeters NPL for several years has offered mailed reference dosimetry services based on alanine/EPR dosimeters, both at industrial and therapy dose levels.	Alanine	43-50	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	66-69
10836427-0	2000	An automated system for the measurement of alanine/EPR dosimeters NPL for several years has offered mailed reference dosimetry services based on alanine/EPR dosimeters, both at industrial and therapy dose levels.	Alanine	145-152	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	66-69
10836427-2	2000	Commercially available sample changers are not suitable for high accuracy applications, and it has proved necessary to develop a dedicated automation system to handle NPL alanine dosimeter pellets.	Alanine	171-178	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	167-170
18824048-7	2008	AtPep1(9-23) was used for alanine-substitution analysis and revealed two important residues for activity, a serine, [A(15)]AtPep1(9-23) (12 max approximately 10nM), and a glycine, [A(17)]AtPep1(9-23) (12 max approximately 1000 nM).	Alanine	26-33	precursor of peptide 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
18928314-9	2008	Addition of an Fc domain to this GB1 complex causes a small but defined change in the SH signal when Aladan is incorporated at site Ala(24), but not at Leu(7), consistent with a local conformational change of GB1.	Alanine	101-104	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
18928314-9	2008	Addition of an Fc domain to this GB1 complex causes a small but defined change in the SH signal when Aladan is incorporated at site Ala(24), but not at Leu(7), consistent with a local conformational change of GB1.	Alanine	101-104	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	209-212
20641607-12	2004	(177)Lu-AMBA consists of two components: a peptide of eight amino acids that is composed of the seven common amino acids in the C-terminus of BBN/GRP (Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met) and a complex of (177)Lu-DOTA attached to the N-terminus of the peptide via a glycyl-4-aminobezoic acid linker.	Alanine	155-158	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	142-149
18931676-2	2008	Here we show that, in the chicken DT40 cell system, multiple alanine-substitution mutations in six conserved and clustered Ser/Thr-Gln motifs of FANCI largely abrogate monoubiquitination and focus formation of both FANCI and FANCD2, resulting in loss of DNA repair function.	Alanine	61-68	Fanconi anemia complementation group D2	Gallus gallus	225-231
18640987-6	2008	Mutation of the corresponding residue (Thr-211) in Kv3.1 to alanine also caused intracellular retention, suggesting that the conserved threonine plays a generalized role in surface expression.	Alanine	60-67	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
18757828-5	2008	Mass spectrometry and phosphorylation analysis of mutated (Ser--&gt;Ala) GST-NHE1 fusion proteins revealed that PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 occurred principally at Ser648.	Alanine	68-71	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
18757828-5	2008	Mass spectrometry and phosphorylation analysis of mutated (Ser--&gt;Ala) GST-NHE1 fusion proteins revealed that PKBalpha-mediated phosphorylation of NHE1 occurred principally at Ser648.	Alanine	68-71	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
10775590-4	2000	Replacement of R441 and R445 by alanine in full-length MpB GroEL and in MpB GroEL deletion mutants reduced but did not abolish PLRV binding.	Alanine	32-39	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
3360797-2	1988	We have previously described a photoaffinity label derivative of 3,5,3"-triiodo-L-thyronine (L-T3) in which the alanine side chain was modified to form N-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionyl-L-T3 (L-[125I]T3-PAL).	Alanine	112-119	leucine-rich repeat, Ig-like and transmembrane domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-207
10779384-10	2000	In addition, the PDE4D3 Asp-Ala mutant protein could hydrolyze cGMP.	Alanine	28-31	phosphodiesterase 4D	Homo sapiens	17-22
10797635-6	2000	The labelled alanines entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle mainly via pyruvate carboxylase; the ratio of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity to that of pyruvate carboxylase is about 28%.	Alanine	13-21	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	70-90
10797635-6	2000	The labelled alanines entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle mainly via pyruvate carboxylase; the ratio of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity to that of pyruvate carboxylase is about 28%.	Alanine	13-21	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	148-168
18628402-4	2008	PheVI:13 (Phe257), and the neighboring CysVI:12 (Cys256), in the conserved CW/FxP motif in TM 6, acted as negative regulators as Ala substitutions at these positions increased the constitutive activity 5.7- and 2.3-fold, respectively, compared with EBI2 wild type (wt).	Alanine	129-132	G protein-coupled receptor 183	Homo sapiens	249-253
18701706-7	2008	A swf1 mutant, in which alanine substituted for the cysteine required for the palmitoylation activity of DHHC-CRD proteins, displayed wild-type actin organization and Cdc42p localization.	Alanine	24-31	palmitoyltransferase SWF1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	2-6
18701706-7	2008	A swf1 mutant, in which alanine substituted for the cysteine required for the palmitoylation activity of DHHC-CRD proteins, displayed wild-type actin organization and Cdc42p localization.	Alanine	24-31	Rho family GTPase CDC42	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	167-173
10707958-3	2000	Alteration of either of these basic amino acids to alanine also compromised hVDR transcriptional activity.	Alanine	51-58	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	76-80
3360797-11	1988	This suggests that the alanine side chain of L-[125I]T4-PAL is positioned in the ligand binding region near a residue which is efficiently modified by photoactivation.	Alanine	23-30	leucine-rich repeat, Ig-like and transmembrane domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
10707958-8	2000	This proposal is supported by the observed conversion of f/M1 hVDR activity to that of F/M4 hVDR, either by overexpression of TFIIB or neutralization of the acidic Glu-2 by replacement with alanine in f/M1 hVDR.	Alanine	190-197	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	62-66
10707958-8	2000	This proposal is supported by the observed conversion of f/M1 hVDR activity to that of F/M4 hVDR, either by overexpression of TFIIB or neutralization of the acidic Glu-2 by replacement with alanine in f/M1 hVDR.	Alanine	190-197	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
3390164-10	1988	Bovine IGF-2 was found to differ in three residues of the C-domain compared with human IGF-2, with serine, isoleucine and asparagine substituted for alanine, valine and serine respectively at positions 32, 35 and 36.	Alanine	149-156	insulin like growth factor 2	Bos taurus	7-12
10707958-8	2000	This proposal is supported by the observed conversion of f/M1 hVDR activity to that of F/M4 hVDR, either by overexpression of TFIIB or neutralization of the acidic Glu-2 by replacement with alanine in f/M1 hVDR.	Alanine	190-197	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	92-96
10752624-5	2000	On the other hand, the Y99L mutation has no effect on the activity of tPA toward the natural substrate plasminogen, that carries Gly at P2, and reduces more than 10-fold the inhibition of tPA by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), that carries Ala at P2.	Alanine	251-254	chromosome 20 open reading frame 181	Homo sapiens	188-191
18647749-7	2008	A C/EBPbeta TAD mutant that contained a lysine-to-alanine exchange was resistant to G9a-mediated inhibition.	Alanine	50-57	euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
2454397-3	1988	The Ala-17 substitution in wild-type pp60c-src and pp60c-src carrying Phe-527 caused a two- to threefold elevation in the kinase activity in vitro of these proteins; the former variant resulted in no morphological changes of infected cells, whereas the latter variant transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts.	Alanine	4-7	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Gallus gallus	37-46
18483064-4	2008	Thermus thermophilus HB8 has an Ogt homologue, TTHA1564, but in this case an alanine residue replaces cysteine in the putative active site.	Alanine	77-84	DNA base-flipping protein	Thermus thermophilus HB8	47-55
10686340-5	2000	Our studies concluded that among 6 histidine (H) to alanine (A) mutations, three residues (H110A, H118A, H120A) within the AA-NAT protein showed little or no enzymatic activity, whereas the others (H28A, H70A, H125A) retained enzymatic activity, compared to the unaltered AA-NAT protein.	Alanine	52-59	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	123-129
10653700-1	2000	A mutant of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli in order to probe the kinetic and structural consequences of truncating the binding loop residues to alanine.	Alanine	211-218	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	12-47
10653700-1	2000	A mutant of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli in order to probe the kinetic and structural consequences of truncating the binding loop residues to alanine.	Alanine	211-218	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	49-53
2454397-3	1988	The Ala-17 substitution in wild-type pp60c-src and pp60c-src carrying Phe-527 caused a two- to threefold elevation in the kinase activity in vitro of these proteins; the former variant resulted in no morphological changes of infected cells, whereas the latter variant transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts.	Alanine	4-7	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Gallus gallus	51-60
18502982-4	2008	A mutation in the proteasome beta5 subunit (PSMB5) gene (G322A), which encodes an amino acid change from Ala to Thr at polypeptide position 108, was detected by sequencing full-length cDNA clones and direct polymerase chain reaction products of the PSMB5 gene.	Alanine	105-108	proteasome 20S subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	18-42
2958938-0	1987	Alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede: alanine insertion and abolition of plasmin inhibitory activity.	Alanine	30-37	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
18502982-4	2008	A mutation in the proteasome beta5 subunit (PSMB5) gene (G322A), which encodes an amino acid change from Ala to Thr at polypeptide position 108, was detected by sequencing full-length cDNA clones and direct polymerase chain reaction products of the PSMB5 gene.	Alanine	105-108	proteasome 20S subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	44-49
18502982-4	2008	A mutation in the proteasome beta5 subunit (PSMB5) gene (G322A), which encodes an amino acid change from Ala to Thr at polypeptide position 108, was detected by sequencing full-length cDNA clones and direct polymerase chain reaction products of the PSMB5 gene.	Alanine	105-108	proteasome 20S subunit beta 5	Homo sapiens	249-254
10715806-2	2000	C677T mutation of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene [alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism], one of the key enzymes involved in catalyzing the remethylation of homocysteine, has recently been reported.	Alanine	77-84	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	22-62
10715806-2	2000	C677T mutation of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene [alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism], one of the key enzymes involved in catalyzing the remethylation of homocysteine, has recently been reported.	Alanine	77-84	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	64-69
2958938-3	1987	The molecular defect of alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede, as revealed by sequencing of cloned genomic DNA fragments, consists of an alanine insertion near the active site region of the molecule.	Alanine	128-135	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	24-43
10644673-0	2000	Assessment of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B substrate specificity using "inverse alanine scanning".	Alanine	83-90	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	14-45
18627314-4	2008	Enzymatically active recombinant azurocidin caused cleavage of the C-terminal fusion tag with the primary cleavage site after lysine at Lys-Leu and after alanine at Ala-Ala, and the secondary cleavage site after arginine at Arg-Gln, as well as with low efficiency caused cleavage of insulin chain B after leucine at Leu-Tyr and Leu-Cys, and after alanine at Ala-Leu.	Alanine	154-161	azurocidin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
18627314-4	2008	Enzymatically active recombinant azurocidin caused cleavage of the C-terminal fusion tag with the primary cleavage site after lysine at Lys-Leu and after alanine at Ala-Ala, and the secondary cleavage site after arginine at Arg-Gln, as well as with low efficiency caused cleavage of insulin chain B after leucine at Leu-Tyr and Leu-Cys, and after alanine at Ala-Leu.	Alanine	165-168	azurocidin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
18627314-4	2008	Enzymatically active recombinant azurocidin caused cleavage of the C-terminal fusion tag with the primary cleavage site after lysine at Lys-Leu and after alanine at Ala-Ala, and the secondary cleavage site after arginine at Arg-Gln, as well as with low efficiency caused cleavage of insulin chain B after leucine at Leu-Tyr and Leu-Cys, and after alanine at Ala-Leu.	Alanine	169-172	azurocidin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
10682838-3	2000	The results showed that the transmembrane domain (TMD) VI-VII of the vasopressin V1a receptor, in particular the amino acid residue Ala-342 in TMD VII, is the major component conferring the rat-selective binding of OPC-21268 to the V1a receptor.	Alanine	132-135	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	69-93
3297160-0	1987	A mutant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli deleted in the (alanine + proline)-rich region of the acetyltransferase component.	Alanine	76-83	acetyltransferase	Escherichia coli	114-131
10682838-3	2000	The results showed that the transmembrane domain (TMD) VI-VII of the vasopressin V1a receptor, in particular the amino acid residue Ala-342 in TMD VII, is the major component conferring the rat-selective binding of OPC-21268 to the V1a receptor.	Alanine	132-135	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
18627314-4	2008	Enzymatically active recombinant azurocidin caused cleavage of the C-terminal fusion tag with the primary cleavage site after lysine at Lys-Leu and after alanine at Ala-Ala, and the secondary cleavage site after arginine at Arg-Gln, as well as with low efficiency caused cleavage of insulin chain B after leucine at Leu-Tyr and Leu-Cys, and after alanine at Ala-Leu.	Alanine	347-354	azurocidin 1	Homo sapiens	33-43
10617634-5	2000	Both the GTP-binding and GTPase activities of Rac1 S71A protein (with the serine residue to be phosphorylated replaced with alanine) were abolished regardless of the treatment of Akt kinase.	Alanine	124-131	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
3297160-1	1987	The acetyltransferase chains of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli contain conformationally mobile (alanine + proline)-rich segments that link the lipoyl domains to each other and to the subunit-binding and catalytic domain, and facilitate the intramolecular coupling of active sites in the complex.	Alanine	120-127	acetyltransferase	Escherichia coli	4-21
3315797-4	1987	Both concentration and production rates of alanine were reduced on peripheral (0.142 +/- 0.016 mmol/l, 4.73 +/- 0.49 mumol.kg-1.min-1, p less than 0.05) but normal on portal insulin (0.206 +/- 0.030 mmol/l, 6.33 +/- 0.63 mumol.kg-1.min-1).	Alanine	43-50	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	174-181
3315797-5	1987	The alanine clearance was slightly elevated or normal in the diabetic dogs, and the glucose production from alanine showed a strongly delayed response to an exogenous glucose load on either route of insulin administration.	Alanine	108-115	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	199-206
10696873-5	2000	The differences in the nucleotide sequence within the Fragment 7 between S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis may explain the differential expression of CspA at 37 degrees C. The nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of S. typhimurium cspA gene showed a single base difference at 816 bp position from a G to a C which altered the amino acid residue from a glycine to an alanine.	Alanine	375-382	cold-shock protein	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	150-154
2952760-7	1987	Of particular interest was the sequence containing the amino terminus of NS3, namely Lys-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ala-Gly where Ala is the first amino acid of NS3.	Alanine	101-104	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	73-76
11011843-4	2000	The best example of this concept is a missense mutation (alanine to valine) at base pair (bp) 677 of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the enzyme that provides the folate derivative for conversion of homocysteine to methionine.	Alanine	57-64	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	101-136
11011843-4	2000	The best example of this concept is a missense mutation (alanine to valine) at base pair (bp) 677 of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), the enzyme that provides the folate derivative for conversion of homocysteine to methionine.	Alanine	57-64	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	138-143
18593900-6	2008	A proposed phosphorylation site at codon 3291 affecting function was confirmed by substitution of an acidic residue (glutamate, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291E)) for the native serine, but in contrast to a prior report, phosphorylation was dispensable (alanine, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291A)) for BRCA2-governed cellular phenotypes.	Alanine	244-251	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	128-133
18593900-6	2008	A proposed phosphorylation site at codon 3291 affecting function was confirmed by substitution of an acidic residue (glutamate, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291E)) for the native serine, but in contrast to a prior report, phosphorylation was dispensable (alanine, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291A)) for BRCA2-governed cellular phenotypes.	Alanine	244-251	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	253-258
18593900-6	2008	A proposed phosphorylation site at codon 3291 affecting function was confirmed by substitution of an acidic residue (glutamate, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291E)) for the native serine, but in contrast to a prior report, phosphorylation was dispensable (alanine, BRCA2(Deltaex11/S3291A)) for BRCA2-governed cellular phenotypes.	Alanine	244-251	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	253-258
2952760-7	1987	Of particular interest was the sequence containing the amino terminus of NS3, namely Lys-Lys-Gln-Arg-Ala-Gly where Ala is the first amino acid of NS3.	Alanine	101-104	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	146-149
11011843-7	2000	These variants include a glutamate to alanine mutation (bp 1298) in MTHFR, an aspartate to glycine mutation (bp 2756) in methionine synthase, and an isoleucine to methionine mutation (bp 66) in methionine synthase reductase.	Alanine	38-45	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	68-73
3522319-4	1986	In our study the ability of each component of insulin release to counter the effects of the glucagon on gluconeogenesis and alanine metabolism was assessed by mimicking first- and/or second-phase insulin release with infusions of somatostatin and intraportal insulin.	Alanine	124-131	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-53
10574939-8	1999	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified several charged and aromatic residues (Asp-2, Tyr-3, Tyr-10, Asp-11, and Glu-18) that played an important role in both chemokine and Env high affinity binding.	Alanine	0-7	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	173-176
10622342-2	1999	Recently, it was reported that the position-15 (alanine) polymorphism of the alpha1-antichymotrypsin gene (ACT*A) was a risk factor for Alzheimer"s disease.	Alanine	48-55	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	77-100
18457426-3	2008	To investigate the role of these three residues in the catalytic function of fXa and their contribution to interaction with Na (+), we substituted them with Ala and characterized their properties in both amidolytic and proteolytic activity assays.	Alanine	157-160	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	77-80
18385242-3	2008	Alanine scanning demonstrated that the epitope involves residues G523, G530, and D535 that are also contact residues for E2 binding to CD81, a coreceptor required for virus entry into cells.	Alanine	0-7	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	135-139
3000967-2	1986	The reactions of the hydrated electron with histone H1, protamine and related compounds (poly-L-lysine, poly-L-arginine and poly-D,L-alanine) were investigated by the spin-trapping technique.	Alanine	131-140	H1.0 linker histone	Homo sapiens	44-54
18400849-4	2008	Alanine substitutions of residues within a region of E2 involved in binding to CD81 showed that critical E2 contact residues involved in the binding of representative antibodies are identical to those involved in the binding of E2 to CD81.	Alanine	0-7	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	79-83
18400849-4	2008	Alanine substitutions of residues within a region of E2 involved in binding to CD81 showed that critical E2 contact residues involved in the binding of representative antibodies are identical to those involved in the binding of E2 to CD81.	Alanine	0-7	CD81 molecule	Homo sapiens	234-238
10547286-8	1999	Substitution of the identified phosphoresidues by alanine was found to reduce considerably the ability of CK2 to phosphorylate NAP1.	Alanine	50-57	casein kinase IIalpha	Drosophila melanogaster	106-109
3878728-4	1985	On the basis of the NMR results obtained for these residues, we conclude that in aqueous solution (1) the C-terminal segment Leu-73-Ala-76 is free from interactions with the rest of the C3a molecule and (2) the major part of the C-terminal segment takes an ordered conformation.	Alanine	132-135	complement C3	Homo sapiens	186-189
10531390-3	1999	Alanine-substituted mutants of TM7 of the beta(2)AR showed that Tyr(308,) located at the top of TM7, mainly contributed to beta(2) selectivity.	Alanine	0-7	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	42-51
10491192-8	1999	In addition to phosphorylation of Ser472, phosphorylation of Thr305 also appears to contribute to the activation of Akt-3 because mutation of both these residues to aspartate increased the catalytic activity of Akt-3, whereas mutation to alanine inhibited activation.	Alanine	238-245	AKT serine/threonine kinase 3	Homo sapiens	116-121
10497169-5	1999	Substitution of the critical serine residues in the NH(2)-terminal regions of IkappaBalpha, IkappaBbeta, and IkappaBepsilon with alanines also markedly reduced the extent of FWD1-mediated ubiquitination of these proteins and increased their stability.	Alanine	129-137	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, epsilon	Mus musculus	109-123
18407291-10	2008	We made 47 point mutants in an esa1 mutant gene in yeast in which amino acids of the Esa1 knotted tudor domain were substituted to alanine residues and their functional abilities were examined.	Alanine	131-138	NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex catalytic subunit ESA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-35
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
3907809-8	1985	At higher concentrations of insulin the hepatic extractions of pyruvate and alanine were also reduced.	Alanine	76-83	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	28-35
18316373-4	2008	Mutation to alanine of R3.28 universally decreased both the efficacy and potency in LPA(1-3) and eliminated strong ionic interactions in the modeled LPA complexes.	Alanine	12-19	lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-91
10508422-2	1999	As compared to wild-type stromelysin-3, the kinetic parameters K(M) and k(cat) for the degradation of the fluorogenic substrate Dns-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-Trp-Ala-Arg-NH(2) (Dns-Leu) by these mutants indicated that the Gln/Leu substitution led to a 4-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency, whereas the mutations Gln/Tyr and Gln/Arg increased this parameter by a factor 10.	Alanine	140-143	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	25-38
10556554-3	1999	A mutant of carbonic anhydrase II containing the replacement His-64--&gt;Ala, which removes the prominent histidine proton shuttle (with pK(a) near 7), allows better observation of these basic groups.	Alanine	73-76	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	12-33
3161731-10	1985	The amino acid compositions of GP Ib beta and GP IX were similar but showed marked differences in the levels of glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine.	Alanine	127-134	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta	Homo sapiens	31-41
10455013-2	1999	Mutation of Ser-241 to Ala abolished PDK1 activity, whereas mutation of the other phosphorylation sites individually to Ala did not affect PDK1 activity.	Alanine	23-26	3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
18319257-8	2008	As a consequence of this dramatic reduction in Na(+) affinity, the apparent K(m) of SNAT2(N82A) for alanine was increased 27-fold compared with that of SNAT2(WT).	Alanine	100-107	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
3161731-11	1985	The N-termini of GP Ib alpha and GP IX were blocked; GP Ib beta had the N-terminal sequence, Ile-Pro-Ala-Pro-.	Alanine	101-104	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit beta	Homo sapiens	53-63
18334255-0	2008	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of anti-TRAP (AT) reveals residues involved in binding to TRAP.	Alanine	0-7	TRAP	Homo sapiens	37-41
10407152-7	1999	Furthermore, immunoblot analysis of intracellular beta-LG under non-reducing conditions indicated that W19Y as well as wild type beta-LG maintained a specific folded structure inside the yeast cells, whereas other non-secretable mutant beta-LGs with Phe or Ala at position 19 (W19F and W19A, respectively) did not.	Alanine	257-260	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	129-136
2859300-14	1985	Insulin stimulates myocardial alanine uptake.	Alanine	30-37	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-7
10373514-4	1999	We found that while expression of PKR by a VV vector resulted in extensive inhibition of protein synthesis and induction of apoptosis, coexpression of PKR with a dominant negative mutant of eIF-2alpha (Ser-51--&gt;Ala) reversed both the PKR-mediated translational block and PKR-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	214-217	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	190-200
10347143-4	1999	To determine whether the DNA polymerase activity of Rad30 was essential for its biological function, we made a mutation in the highly conserved SIDE sequence in Rad30, in which the aspartate and glutamate residues have each been changed to alanine.	Alanine	240-247	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-57
18334255-0	2008	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of anti-TRAP (AT) reveals residues involved in binding to TRAP.	Alanine	0-7	TRAP	Homo sapiens	87-91
10347143-4	1999	To determine whether the DNA polymerase activity of Rad30 was essential for its biological function, we made a mutation in the highly conserved SIDE sequence in Rad30, in which the aspartate and glutamate residues have each been changed to alanine.	Alanine	240-247	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	161-166
18305230-2	2008	To elucidate the molecular basis of the substrate recognition by hMATE1, we substituted the glutamate residues Glu273, Glu278, Glu300, and Glu389, which are conserved in the transmembrane regions, for alanine or aspartate and examined the transport activities of the resulting mutant proteins using tetraethylammonium (TEA) and cimetidine as substrates after expression in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells.	Alanine	201-208	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	65-71
3855503-9	1985	However, unlike many polypeptide hormones (including EGF), cleavage of the 50-amino acid TGF-alpha from the larger form does not occur at paired basic residues, but rather between alanine and valine residues, suggesting the role of a novel protease.	Alanine	180-187	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
18211824-3	2008	Substitutions of three lysine residues of NORE1A NES to alanines (L372, 376, 379A) showed its localization to the dot structures of the nucleus, which was similar to the NORE1A localizations observed after the administration to cells of Leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor.	Alanine	56-64	Ras association domain family member 5	Homo sapiens	42-48
18211824-3	2008	Substitutions of three lysine residues of NORE1A NES to alanines (L372, 376, 379A) showed its localization to the dot structures of the nucleus, which was similar to the NORE1A localizations observed after the administration to cells of Leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor.	Alanine	56-64	Ras association domain family member 5	Homo sapiens	170-176
10371217-2	1999	A surface cysteine-free mutant (abbreviated as SCF) was prepared in which the five surface cysteine residues Cys-58, Cys-85, Cys-136, Cys-148 and Cys-334 were changed to alanines.	Alanine	170-178	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	47-50
10196311-3	1999	A panel of CCR5 alanine point mutants was used to map the epitopes of these MAbs and the previously described MAb 2D7 to specific amino acid residues in the N terminus and/or second extracellular loop regions of CCR5.	Alanine	16-23	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	11-15
2981850-5	1985	Intron B separates the ATG from the first nucleotide of the triplet which encodes the NH2-terminal amino acid of CaM (Ala) whereas intron C separates the triplets encoding amino acids 10-11.	Alanine	118-121	calmodulin 2	Gallus gallus	113-116
10332959-6	1999	Analysis of exon 7 of MTHFR then demonstrated an Ala--&gt;Glu mutation which was significantly associated with our Iowa NTD population; however, we could not replicate this result either in a combined Minnesota/ Nebraska or in a California NTD population.	Alanine	49-52	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	22-27
6358218-5	1983	L-Proline entered rat islet cells mainly by system A; L-leucine by the Na+-independent system L. The uptake of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-glutamine was shared by systems ASC and L, the participation of system A being negligible for these three amino acids.	Alanine	111-120	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
10200301-4	1999	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was carried out to identify V3 residues critical for CCR5 utilization.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	82-86
10082550-9	1999	However, S220/225/232A was synthetically lethal when combined with an alanine substitution mutation at W285, which disrupts the TFIIA-TBP interface.	Alanine	70-77	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-137
18280666-10	2008	Furthermore, alanine substitutions of T341 and S385 to disrupt the potential ERK phosphorylation sites present in the Kir6.2 subunit significantly abrogated the stimulatory effects of ERK2, while aspartate substitutions of T341 and S385 to mimic the (negative) charge effect of phosphorylation rendered a small yet significant reduction in the ATP sensitivity of the channel.	Alanine	13-20	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	118-124
18230369-4	2008	In this study, a combination of differential surface modification and mass spectrometric limited proteolysis followed by alanine mutagenesis was used to provide insight into potential conformational changes within the E2 protein upon antibody binding.	Alanine	121-128	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 B	Homo sapiens	218-228
6848456-6	1983	The sequence of 20 of the amino-terminal amino acids of both NIF polypeptides is identical, but NIF-2 possesses an additional alanine at the amino-terminus.	Alanine	126-133	zinc finger protein 335	Homo sapiens	96-101
18230759-3	2008	We describe here a novel cell-free protein synthesis system using extracts from cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts that are homozygous for the Ser51 to- Ala mutation in eIF2alpha (A/A cells).	Alanine	155-158	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	171-180
10201405-7	1999	Ala 177, corresponding to Ala 222 in human MTHFR, is near the bottom of the barrel and distant from the FAD.	Alanine	0-3	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	43-48
10201405-7	1999	Ala 177, corresponding to Ala 222 in human MTHFR, is near the bottom of the barrel and distant from the FAD.	Alanine	26-29	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	43-48
6216391-10	1982	These adaptations include: (1) elevated CS activity which may be associated with increased oxidative capacity,, (2) increased PFK activity which implies that more substrate is being shuttled through the glycolytic pathway, (3) increased GPT activity which may reflect increased pyruvate conversion to alanine, and (4) increased oleate oxidation rates which demonstrate that muscle is utilizing more fatty acid substrates during the postburn period.	Alanine	301-308	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Rattus norvegicus	237-240
10080937-5	1999	CPZ cleaves substrates with C-terminal Arg residues, preferring peptides with an Ala in the penultimate position.	Alanine	81-84	carboxypeptidase Z	Homo sapiens	0-3
18003614-5	2008	This partial resistance to ligands could be reversed by inhibition of MAPK activity or by overexpression of a non-phosphorylable RXRalpha mutant at serine 260 (RXRalpha Ser-260--&gt;Ala).	Alanine	182-185	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	129-137
18053967-9	2008	The molecule T-Ala inhibited hCNT1-mediated transport.	Alanine	15-18	solute carrier family 28 member 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
7140740-6	1982	Subunits A and B from aminopeptidase prepared in the presence of aprotinin contained both N-terminal lysine and alanine, whereas N-terminal alanine and glycine were found for both of these subunits from the other amphiphilic form.	Alanine	112-119	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Sus scrofa	22-36
18246469-5	2008	This process requires the functions of the ABCA1 lipid transporter and LCAT, and it is promoted by substitution of hydrophobic residues in the 261 to 269 region of apoE by Ala.	Alanine	172-175	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	43-48
19356065-2	2008	Two common polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene have been identified, 677C>T in exon 4, leading to substitution of alanine by valine and 1298A>C in exon 7 which leads to the replacement of glutamic acid by alanine resulting into reduced enzyme activity.	Alanine	110-117	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	32-37
10192449-6	1999	G6PD Orissa (nt 131 G--&gt;C; residue 44 Ala--&gt;Gly) was found to be the most common variant among Indo-Mauritians: this deficient variant was recently identified to be highly characteristic of the tribal groups in central India.	Alanine	41-44	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
10069806-5	1999	Mutations of serine and threonine residues at p34(cdc2) kinase-specific phosphorylation sites to alanine interfered with mitosis-associated reduction in MT affinity of XMAP4, and their overexpression affected chromosome movement during anaphase A.	Alanine	97-104	microtubule associated protein 4 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	168-173
9847305-3	1999	It was reported previously that the 374-amino-acid protein (P42) is an integral membrane protein having two internal hydrophobic domains, one of which (residues 241 to 252) is followed by two sequences (252 Ile-Thr-Ser and 257 Ala-Ser-Ala) favorable for cleavage by signal peptidase.	Alanine	227-230	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	60-63
19356065-2	2008	Two common polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene have been identified, 677C>T in exon 4, leading to substitution of alanine by valine and 1298A>C in exon 7 which leads to the replacement of glutamic acid by alanine resulting into reduced enzyme activity.	Alanine	201-208	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	32-37
7275664-0	1981	Hemoglobin Duan, alpha 75(EF4) Asp replaced by Ala, a new variant found in China.	Alanine	47-50	GTP binding elongation factor GUF1	Homo sapiens	26-29
17673295-6	2008	It was significant that the FcgammaRIIa consensus peptide sequence contained a Proline (Pro3), which when substituted with alanine abrogated FcgammaRIIa binding, consistent with Pro3 contributing to receptor binding.	Alanine	123-130	pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
9847305-3	1999	It was reported previously that the 374-amino-acid protein (P42) is an integral membrane protein having two internal hydrophobic domains, one of which (residues 241 to 252) is followed by two sequences (252 Ile-Thr-Ser and 257 Ala-Ser-Ala) favorable for cleavage by signal peptidase.	Alanine	235-238	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	60-63
9847305-4	1999	To examine the possibility that P42 is cleaved by signal peptidase after Ser residue 254 or Ala residue 259 to yield CM2, we constructed three mutated M gene cDNAs in which either or both of the two sequences were eliminated and tested their ability to synthesize CM2 in the transfected COS cells.	Alanine	92-95	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	32-35
9847305-8	1999	From these results, we conclude that cleavage of P42 by signal peptidase after Ala residue 259 produces CM2, composed of the C-terminal 115 amino acids, in addition to M1", composed of the N-terminal 259 amino acids.	Alanine	79-82	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	49-52
9990311-5	1998	Alanine substitutions for the conserved amino acids in con2 identified five amino acids, Asn797, His799, Asp800, Trp803, and Thr805, the mutation of which severely diminished enzymatic activity and the enzyme"s ability to rescue the yeast chs2 delta chs3 delta null mutant strain.	Alanine	0-7	chitin synthase CHS3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	250-254
9814482-3	1998	These two additional C18 conversions can be catalyzed by CYP11B1 if serine-288 and valine-320 are replaced by the corresponding CYP11B2 residues, glycine and alanine.	Alanine	158-165	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	57-64
18166656-6	2007	Mutation of K783, Y784, and E785 to alanine within this stonin 2 beta strand results in failure of the mutant stonin protein to associate with synaptotagmin, to accumulate at synapses, and to facilitate synaptotagmin internalization.	Alanine	36-43	SyNapTotagmin	Caenorhabditis elegans	203-216
7007799-7	1981	Although glucose-induced IR-GIP responses were not inhibited by the amino acids (1 g/kg) tested, increasing concentrations (up to 1 g/kg) of either alanine or arginine caused progressive inhibition of corn-oil-stimulated IR-GIP responses, in spite of the expected amino-acid-induced rises in insulin concentrations.	Alanine	148-155	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	292-299
9786857-6	1998	Introduction of a serine to alanine substitution (S250A) in the IYTSGTTGXPK motif produces an appropriately expressed and metabolized mutant FATP that demonstrates diminished LCFA transport function and decreased [alpha-32P]azido-ATP binding.	Alanine	28-35	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	141-145
6986777-4	1980	Linear regression analysis delineated a significant relationship between steady state infusion concentrations of alanine and insulin (r = 0.70, p less than 0.01); the correlation was improved by adding glucose as an additional variable (r = 0.80).	Alanine	113-120	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	125-132
9786910-7	1998	Systematic analysis of the rate of the ER to Golgi transport using a series of mutants with Ala or Pro substitutions in the tail, suggests that while no specific amino acid residue by itself is imperative for normal intracellular trafficking of meprin beta, the insertion of a bend at a distinct position in the tail (specifically by a Y685P mutation) suffices to retain this protein in the ER.	Alanine	92-95	meprin A subunit beta	Homo sapiens	245-256
18043758-6	2007	HIV-1 NL4-3 with an alanine-to-valine substitution at the N-terminus of SP1 (SP1/A1V), which is resistant to bevirimat in vitro, was also resistant to bevirimat treatment in the mice, and SP1/AIV had replication and thymocyte kinetics similar to that of WT NL4-3 with no evidence of fitness impairment in in vivo competition assays.	Alanine	20-27	annexin A4	Mus musculus	192-195
17900529-3	2007	The results obtained by using N-terminus-deleted hTH1 mutants identified the sequence up to Ala(23) as mediating the stability.	Alanine	92-95	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	49-53
17900529-4	2007	The down-regulation of 14-3-3eta proteins in PC12D cells exogenously expressing hTH1, enhanced the stability of the wild-type enzyme and that of the mutant lacking the N-terminus up to Ala(23).	Alanine	185-188	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	80-84
9795346-11	1998	The present data demonstrate that replacement of the second N-terminal amino acid alanine by serine improves the plasma stability of GLP-1(7-36)amide.	Alanine	82-89	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
20641208-9	2004	Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the corresponding domains in VEGF revealed that charged amino acid residues in two exposed domains of VEGF are involved in binding to VEGFR-1 (Asp63, Glu64, and Glu67) and VEGFR-2 (Arg82, Lys84, and His86), respectively.	Alanine	0-7	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	204-211
290994-10	1979	Intracellular pool measurements and systematic alteration of perfusate amino acid composition indicated that the autophagic and proteolytic effects of glucagon are mediated by a hormonally induced depletion of glycine, alanine, glutamate, and glutamine; of these, glutamine alone is the most effective.	Alanine	219-226	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	151-159
17486076-5	2007	GSK3beta and p38 was demonstrated to phosphorylate cyclin D2 on Thr280 in vitro, while a cyclin D2 mutant with this residue substituted with Ala was found to be resistant to ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation in 32Dcl3 cells.	Alanine	141-144	cyclin D2	Mus musculus	89-98
17636025-5	2007	Rendering GDI-1 phosphodefective with a Ser96 --&gt; Ala substitution rescued the inhibitory activity of GDI-1 toward RhoA but did not alter the thrombin-induced activation of other Rho GTPases, i.e., Rac1 and Cdc42.	Alanine	53-56	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	201-205
9733827-7	1998	The importance of TRAF binding to the PXQXT/S motif in LMP1-mediated gene induction was studied by using an LMP1 mutant that contains alanine point mutations in this motif and fails to associate with TRAFs.	Alanine	134-141	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	55-59
9733827-7	1998	The importance of TRAF binding to the PXQXT/S motif in LMP1-mediated gene induction was studied by using an LMP1 mutant that contains alanine point mutations in this motif and fails to associate with TRAFs.	Alanine	134-141	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	108-112
492780-6	1979	Irrespective of their origin (healthy or pathologic), the elastin samples all revealed the same amino acid composition with a very high alanine content in the cross-linking peptides.	Alanine	136-143	elastin	Homo sapiens	58-65
9820607-1	1998	We describe a new DRB1*11 allele which is similar to DRB1*11011 except at codon 74, where a GCG is changed for a GTG leading to an alanine/valine substitution.	Alanine	131-138	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
9737989-4	1998	The results demonstrate that changing Asp336 of FucT III to Ala (as in FucT V) produced a protein (III/V1) with a reduced activity with a variety of acceptors.	Alanine	60-63	fucosyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	71-77
17609201-6	2007	Substitution of Ala for Val and Phe in the KVSF motif of TIMAP (TIMAPV64A/F66A) abolished PP1c binding and TIMAP-associated PP1c activity.	Alanine	16-19	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	90-94
17609201-6	2007	Substitution of Ala for Val and Phe in the KVSF motif of TIMAP (TIMAPV64A/F66A) abolished PP1c binding and TIMAP-associated PP1c activity.	Alanine	16-19	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	124-128
17556356-2	2007	ERRalpha is constitutively active, because its ligand binding pocket (LBP) is practically filled with side chains (in particular with Phe(328), which is replaced by Ala in ERRbeta and ERRgamma).	Alanine	165-168	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
33930-2	1979	Analysis of the 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of bovine neurophysins-I and -II and of the effects of pH and succinylation of these spectra has allowed identification of the -CH3 proton resonances of the amino-terminal alanine of both proteins and of the -CH3 resonances of methionine-2 of neurophysin-II.	Alanine	230-237	arginine vasopressin	Bos taurus	68-90
17556356-2	2007	ERRalpha is constitutively active, because its ligand binding pocket (LBP) is practically filled with side chains (in particular with Phe(328), which is replaced by Ala in ERRbeta and ERRgamma).	Alanine	165-168	estrogen related receptor beta	Homo sapiens	172-179
17519236-4	2007	We have generated a non-IGF-binding IGFBP-6 mutant by substituting Ala for four amino acid residues (Pro(93)/Leu(94)/Leu(97)/Leu(98)) in its N-domain IGF-binding site.	Alanine	67-70	insulin like growth factor binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	36-43
17461777-6	2007	Similarly, mutation of the yCdc34 phosphorylation sites to alanine, aspartate or glutamate residues altered Cdc34-SCFCdc4-mediated Sic1 ubiquitination activity.	Alanine	59-66	SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-33
17461777-6	2007	Similarly, mutation of the yCdc34 phosphorylation sites to alanine, aspartate or glutamate residues altered Cdc34-SCFCdc4-mediated Sic1 ubiquitination activity.	Alanine	59-66	SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-33
9740790-5	1998	The interaction of V and DDB1 involves the carboxyl-terminal domain of V in that either deletion of the V carboxyl-terminal domain or substitution of the cysteine residues (C189, C193, C205, C207, C210, C214, and C217) in the zinc-binding domain with alanine was able to disrupt binding to DDB1.	Alanine	251-258	damage specific DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
9724716-7	1998	To disrupt the RI-RNase A interaction, three RNase A residues (Asp-38, Gly-88, and Ala-109) that form multiple contacts with RI were replaced with arginine.	Alanine	83-86	ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1	Bos taurus	15-17
33930-4	1979	By contrast, the -CH3 resonances of the amino-terminal alanine and methionine-2 of neurophysin-II undergo pH-dependent changes in broadening compatible with the formation of an intramolecular salt-bridge at neutral pH between the protonated alpha-amino and an unprotonated side chain carboxyl.	Alanine	55-62	arginine vasopressin	Bos taurus	83-97
9802612-7	1998	Compared with DQB1*03011, the novel DQB1*03012 contains a single silent nucleotide substitution (GCA--&gt;GCG, both encoding for Ala) at codon 38.	Alanine	129-132	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
728386-5	1978	The affinity of human plasma kallikrein for Ala-Phe-ArgCH2C1 (Ki = 0.078 micron) is about 60 times that for Ala-Phe-LysCH2C1(Ki = 4.9 micron), whereas human plasmin exhibits about the same affinity for the former affinity label (Ki = 1.3 micron) as for the latter (Ki = 0.83 micron).	Alanine	44-47	kallikrein related peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-39
9802612-7	1998	Compared with DQB1*03011, the novel DQB1*03012 contains a single silent nucleotide substitution (GCA--&gt;GCG, both encoding for Ala) at codon 38.	Alanine	129-132	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
9715796-3	1998	A recent report revealed that a common mutation (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the MTHFR gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and with increased risk for coronary artery disease in the homozygous state (Val/Val).	Alanine	60-63	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	79-84
17475908-4	2007	Serine/threonine to alanine substitution abolishes hnRNP-E2 phosphorylation and markedly decreases its stability in BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursors.	Alanine	20-27	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	116-123
690190-5	1978	The conversion of alanine and lactate into glucose, on the other hand, increased throughout the period of insulin lack.	Alanine	18-25	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	106-113
17568772-6	2007	Replacement of serine 78 of SEK1 with alanine abolished SGK1-mediated SEK1 inhibition.	Alanine	38-45	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
17656229-15	2007	Mutation screening of the homozygote subjects revealed a polyalanine duplication band of nine additional alanine residues at the human HOXD13 gene.	Alanine	61-68	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	135-141
9715796-3	1998	A recent report revealed that a common mutation (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the MTHFR gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and with increased risk for coronary artery disease in the homozygous state (Val/Val).	Alanine	60-63	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	128-133
9632678-5	1998	In addition, we have replaced the conserved arginine (Arg305), which was suggested by structural studies to be a key catalytic residue, with an alanine and found that the R305A Cdc42-GAP mutant has a greatly diminished catalytic capacity but is still able to bind Cdc42 with high affinity.	Alanine	144-151	Rho GTPase activating protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-186
9628879-3	1998	We have used random mutagenesis and alanine scanning to identify determinants within alphaCTD for transcription activation at a Class II CRP-dependent promoter.	Alanine	36-43	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	137-140
870353-5	1977	Substrate responses to arginine were also modified by somatostatin: alanine disappearance was impaired, this effect being dose-related; plasma FFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations showed a significant increase rather than decrease, consistent with somatostatin suppression of residual insulin secretion.	Alanine	68-75	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	54-66
9585570-3	1998	Even the smallest replacement, by Ala, resulted in approximately 1000-, approximately 10- and approximately 6000-fold decreased affinities for papain, cathepsin L, and cathepsin B, respectively.	Alanine	34-37	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	168-179
15637-4	1976	The specificity of elastase is probably the same, since in elastin both enzymes hydrolyze the peptide bonds, formed by the NH2-group of glycine and alanine residues, found in elastin in large amounts.	Alanine	148-155	elastin	Homo sapiens	59-66
9571204-4	1998	Carboxypeptidase B digestion of the charged carboxyl terminus of the peptide through to the Ala residue--which mimics the enzymatic cleavage of a TM segment from a fusion protein--releases a highly hydrophobic peptide.	Alanine	92-95	carboxypeptidase B1	Homo sapiens	0-18
17379633-5	2007	In addition, an alanine-loading test showed that gluconeogenesis was enhanced in V1aR-/- mice.	Alanine	16-23	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Mus musculus	81-88
15637-4	1976	The specificity of elastase is probably the same, since in elastin both enzymes hydrolyze the peptide bonds, formed by the NH2-group of glycine and alanine residues, found in elastin in large amounts.	Alanine	148-155	elastin	Homo sapiens	175-182
9525683-0	1998	Alanine substitutions of polar and nonpolar residues in the amino-terminal domain of CCR5 differently impair entry of macrophage- and dualtropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	85-89
9525683-2	1998	We have recently demonstrated by alanine scanning mutagenesis that the negatively charged residues in the CCR5 amino-terminal domain are essential for gp120 binding and coreceptor function.	Alanine	33-40	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	106-110
959480-1	1976	Model experiments with two structurally different proteins (alcohol dehydrogenase and salmine) show that glycine, alanine, and tyrosine are by far more frequently involved in photochemically induced cross-link formations with DNA than is cysteine.	Alanine	114-121	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	60-81
9525683-4	1998	Replacement of alanine with all four tyrosine residues and with serine-17 and cysteine-20 decrease or abolish gp120 binding and CCR5 coreceptor activity.	Alanine	15-22	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	128-132
9520446-4	1998	A mutant form of IKK-alpha containing alanine at residue 176 cannot be phosphorylated or activated by NIK and acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of interleukin 1- and tumor necrosis factor-induced NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	38-45	component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex	Homo sapiens	17-26
9568733-1	1998	A missense variant of the C677T (Ala --&gt; Val) polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) (the T allele) may increase levels of plasma homocysteine.	Alanine	33-36	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	69-104
9568733-1	1998	A missense variant of the C677T (Ala --&gt; Val) polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) (the T allele) may increase levels of plasma homocysteine.	Alanine	33-36	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	111-116
17433363-5	2007	Alanine scanning of the E6AP-UbcH7 binding interface identified four side-chains on UbcH7 and six side-chains on E6AP that contribute more than 1 kcal/mol to the binding free energy.	Alanine	0-7	ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Homo sapiens	113-117
17329249-3	2007	beta-Arrestin 2 reduced thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated inositol phosphate production and accelerated internalization of the wild type receptor but not receptor mutants where the critical phosphosites were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	232-235	arrestin, beta 2, pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
17371988-3	2007	To investigate this possibility, we analyzed mice in which T cells express a NFATc1 variant (NFATc1(nuc)) with serine-to-alanine changes at the glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	121-128	sterol regulatory element binding factor 2	Mus musculus	93-104
944186-10	1976	Results of peptide maps, the amino acid composition of tryptic peptides, and the sequences of two small tryptic peptides suggest that porcine neurophysin III contains the entire molecule of porcine neurophysin I plus a tripeptide -Arg-Arg-Ala connected the COOH terminus.	Alanine	239-242	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	142-155
9480810-7	1998	Mutational analysis along with functional assays show that, in contrast to the replacement of His263 and His368, the replacement of the His at position 377 with Gly, Ala, or Ser obliterates LCAT activity with interfacial and water-soluble substrates, thus indicating a role of His377 in catalysis.	Alanine	166-169	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	190-194
17267497-5	2007	The overall negative charge of this 3-amino-acid motif appears critical for recognition by Vif, as single lysine substitutions are particularly deleterious and a double alanine substitution at positions 128 and 130 is far more inhibitory than single-residue mutations at either position.	Alanine	169-176	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	91-94
1245189-2	1976	Digestion of calf thymus H1 histone with thrombin cleaves the molecule at the sequence -(Pro)-Lys-Lys-Ala-, corresponding to a point approximately 122 residues from the N-terminus (about 56% along the molecule).	Alanine	102-105	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	41-49
17194498-7	2007	However, patient groups carrying one or two copies of the BHLHB3 Val298 variation (i.e., Ala/Val or Val/Val genotypes) had a higher proportion of short-term survivors (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.7) compared with those carrying the Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	89-92	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	58-64
17194498-7	2007	However, patient groups carrying one or two copies of the BHLHB3 Val298 variation (i.e., Ala/Val or Val/Val genotypes) had a higher proportion of short-term survivors (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.7) compared with those carrying the Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	254-257	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	58-64
9425059-9	1998	Replacement of Ms-Lon"s catalytic Ser with Ala (S675A), Thr (S675T), or Cys (S675C) reduced to background levels Ms-Lon"s in vitro peptidase activity.	Alanine	43-46	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	18-21
9425059-9	1998	Replacement of Ms-Lon"s catalytic Ser with Ala (S675A), Thr (S675T), or Cys (S675C) reduced to background levels Ms-Lon"s in vitro peptidase activity.	Alanine	43-46	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	116-119
9443940-12	1998	To determine the specific amino acid which confers this high affinity binding of TA-2005 to the beta 2AR, an alanine-scanning mutagenesis approach was employed.	Alanine	109-116	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	96-104
17194498-7	2007	However, patient groups carrying one or two copies of the BHLHB3 Val298 variation (i.e., Ala/Val or Val/Val genotypes) had a higher proportion of short-term survivors (hazard ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.7) compared with those carrying the Ala/Ala genotype.	Alanine	254-257	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	58-64
1156378-14	1975	The albumin so produced has the same N-terminal (glutamic acid) and C-terminal (alanine) amino acids as reported for rat serum albumin.	Alanine	80-87	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
17276401-4	2007	Mutation of this amino acid into alanine or aspartic acid stabilized binding to MyD88, Tollip, and IRAK-4, allowing the definitive experimental proof, that all these interactions are mediated by the death domain of IRAK-1.	Alanine	33-40	interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
9412474-8	1997	Mutant sqh transgene sqh-A20, A21 in which both serine-21 and threonine-20 have been replaced by alanines behaves in most respects identically to the null allele in this system, with the exception that no heavy chain aggregates are found.	Alanine	97-105	spaghetti squash	Drosophila melanogaster	7-10
9412474-8	1997	Mutant sqh transgene sqh-A20, A21 in which both serine-21 and threonine-20 have been replaced by alanines behaves in most respects identically to the null allele in this system, with the exception that no heavy chain aggregates are found.	Alanine	97-105	spaghetti squash	Drosophila melanogaster	21-24
5713454-5	1968	In the presence of an equimolar amount of each of the amino acids under consideration, the Ca(II)-DPA chelate forms mixed ligand (ternary) chelate yielding the following stepwise stability constants: log K(1) = 4.17 +/- 0.01, log K(2) = 0.78 +/- 0.01 for cysteine, log K(1) = 4.06 +/- 0.01, log K(2) = 0.65 +/- 0.01 for alanine, and log K(1) = 4.30 +/- 0.02, log K(2) = 0.11 +/- 0.01 for glycine.	Alanine	320-327	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
9683265-4	1997	Elongation of the epitope core by four alanines at both N- and C-terminals resulted in a 15-mer peptide A4-75-81-A4 which was stimulatory for hybridoma T-cells and showed a small decrease in H-2-Ab binding.	Alanine	39-47	H2A clustered histone 21	Homo sapiens	191-197
17302439-6	2007	Although a Lys to Ala substitution in the Walker A motif is commonly assumed to prevent ATP binding, we show that the K133A protein binds ATP, but with an affinity approximately 100-fold lower than that of wild-type Rad51.	Alanine	18-21	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	216-221
17215518-4	2007	The c-Jun mutant TAM-67-3A, which contains three substitute alanines at Thr-231, Ser-243, and Ser-249 compared with TAM-67, binds more efficaciously with Sp1 and is about twice as efficacious as TAM-67 in inhibiting the PMA-induced activation of the 12(S)-lipoxygenase promoter.	Alanine	60-68	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
33753149-8	2021	Mutant forms of Eco1 (Eco1mWW and Eco1mGRK), where sets of the identified residues were substituted with alanine, resulted in impaired SCC, decreased level of acetylation of Smc3, and a reduction of Eco1 protein amount in yeast cells.	Alanine	105-112	Eco1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
16979683-4	2007	We introduced alanine substitutions to known receptor binding sites of human IL-18 and found that only the substitution of Leu5 reduced the binding affinity of IL-18 with IL-18BP of variola virus (varvIL-18BP) by more than 4-fold.	Alanine	14-21	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	77-82
16979683-4	2007	We introduced alanine substitutions to known receptor binding sites of human IL-18 and found that only the substitution of Leu5 reduced the binding affinity of IL-18 with IL-18BP of variola virus (varvIL-18BP) by more than 4-fold.	Alanine	14-21	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	160-165
9261398-6	1997	These data explain the previous finding that the murine CD4 protein, which has an alanine at residue 405, is refractory to downregulation by SIV, but not HIV-1, Nef (J. L. Foster, S.J.	Alanine	82-89	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	56-59
9289016-4	1997	In this study we have used alanine scanning mutagenesis to identify residues on RANTES that specifically interact with its receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 for binding and activation.	Alanine	27-34	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	80-86
9289016-4	1997	In this study we have used alanine scanning mutagenesis to identify residues on RANTES that specifically interact with its receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 for binding and activation.	Alanine	27-34	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	139-143
9289016-4	1997	In this study we have used alanine scanning mutagenesis to identify residues on RANTES that specifically interact with its receptors CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 for binding and activation.	Alanine	27-34	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	149-153
9289016-5	1997	Residues within a potential receptor binding site known as the N-loop (residues 12-20) and near the N-terminus of RANTES were individually mutated to alanine.	Alanine	150-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	114-120
9218437-5	1997	The predominant amino acids detected by protein sequence analysis following cleavage of insoluble elastin with HME, MME, and 92-kDa gelatinase were Leu, Ile, Ala, Gly, and Val.	Alanine	158-161	elastin	Homo sapiens	98-105
9218437-8	1997	The amino acid residues detected in insoluble elastin following hydrolysis with porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase were predominantly Gly and Ala, with lesser amounts of Val, Phe, Ile, and Leu.	Alanine	165-168	elastin	Homo sapiens	46-53
33753149-8	2021	Mutant forms of Eco1 (Eco1mWW and Eco1mGRK), where sets of the identified residues were substituted with alanine, resulted in impaired SCC, decreased level of acetylation of Smc3, and a reduction of Eco1 protein amount in yeast cells.	Alanine	105-112	Eco1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-42
33753149-8	2021	Mutant forms of Eco1 (Eco1mWW and Eco1mGRK), where sets of the identified residues were substituted with alanine, resulted in impaired SCC, decreased level of acetylation of Smc3, and a reduction of Eco1 protein amount in yeast cells.	Alanine	105-112	Eco1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
9211897-8	1997	Mutant (Glu191--&gt;Ala,His193--&gt;Ala,Lys195--&gt;Ala) enhanced LCAT activation (131%), and mutant (Ala152--&gt;Leu, Leu159--&gt;Trp) exhibited normal LCAT activation as compared with the wild type proapoA-I and plasma apoA-I forms [corrected].	Alanine	36-39	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	66-70
33909987-2	2021	In bacterial RQC, RqcH marks the nascent chains with C-terminal alanine (Ala) tails that are directly recognized by proteasome-like proteases, whereas in eukaryotes, RqcH orthologs (Rqc2/NEMF [nuclear export mediator factor]) assist the Ltn1/Listerin E3 ligase in nascent chain ubiquitylation.	Alanine	73-76	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Mus musculus	242-250
33909987-4	2021	We show that mammalian NEMF has an additional, Listerin-independent proteolytic role, which, as in bacteria, is mediated by tRNA-Ala binding and Ala tailing.	Alanine	129-132	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Mus musculus	47-55
33909987-4	2021	We show that mammalian NEMF has an additional, Listerin-independent proteolytic role, which, as in bacteria, is mediated by tRNA-Ala binding and Ala tailing.	Alanine	145-148	listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1	Mus musculus	47-55
9296364-1	1997	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), also known as CD26, is a membrane-bound serine protease that cleaves off aminoterminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline (or, at a much slower rate, a penultimate alanine).	Alanine	228-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-23
17233604-3	2007	We observed that human MCF7 breast cancer cells that overexpress IGF1R efficiently internalized fluorescein-chelator-PNA-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) to the cytoplasm, but not with D(Cys-Ala-Ala-Cys).	Alanine	177-180	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	65-70
17233604-3	2007	We observed that human MCF7 breast cancer cells that overexpress IGF1R efficiently internalized fluorescein-chelator-PNA-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) to the cytoplasm, but not with D(Cys-Ala-Ala-Cys).	Alanine	181-184	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	65-70
9296364-1	1997	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), also known as CD26, is a membrane-bound serine protease that cleaves off aminoterminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline (or, at a much slower rate, a penultimate alanine).	Alanine	228-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-31
34015925-3	2021	A focused positional scanning pB1 library of Ala- and d-amino acid scans yielded a high-affinity pB1 analog, [K29k]pB1, with a 60-fold-improved EGFR affinity and mitogenicity.	Alanine	45-48	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3	Mus musculus	30-33
34015925-3	2021	A focused positional scanning pB1 library of Ala- and d-amino acid scans yielded a high-affinity pB1 analog, [K29k]pB1, with a 60-fold-improved EGFR affinity and mitogenicity.	Alanine	45-48	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3	Mus musculus	97-100
34015925-3	2021	A focused positional scanning pB1 library of Ala- and d-amino acid scans yielded a high-affinity pB1 analog, [K29k]pB1, with a 60-fold-improved EGFR affinity and mitogenicity.	Alanine	45-48	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G3	Mus musculus	97-100
17099249-6	2007	This is dependent on serine 281 in the cytoplasmic tail of JAM-C because serine mutation into alanine abolishes the specific localization of JAM-C in tight junctions and establishment of cell polarity.	Alanine	94-101	junctional adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	59-64
33878252-8	2022	Moreover, we demonstrate decreased density of postsynaptic gephyrin and GABAAR-gamma2 immunoreactivities in cultured hippocampal neurons expressing gephyrin with alanine mutations at two CDK5 phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	162-169	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Mus musculus	187-191
17099249-6	2007	This is dependent on serine 281 in the cytoplasmic tail of JAM-C because serine mutation into alanine abolishes the specific localization of JAM-C in tight junctions and establishment of cell polarity.	Alanine	94-101	junctional adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	141-146
17943945-0	2007	Spin relaxation enhancement confirms dominance of extended conformations in short alanine peptides.	Alanine	82-89	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
9333604-3	1997	An alanine 47 transthyretin variant of Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, peripheral sensory-motor polyneuropathy, I, degree AV heart block was diagnosed.	Alanine	3-10	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	14-27
33174669-6	2021	Computational alanine scanning mutagenesis wasperformed to predict changes in Gibbs" free energy that are associated with mutatingresidues at the positive control (PMI/MDM2) or SARS RBD/ACE2 binding interface toalanine.	Alanine	14-21	transmembrane protein 11	Homo sapiens	164-167
9309797-5	1997	We have previously shown that mutation of Ser90, located in transmembrane helix II, to either alanine or cysteine produces a selective reduction in the affinity of the (-)-enantiomers of the catecholamines for the alpha 2a-adrenoceptor, with no effect on the (+)-enantiomers or the corresponding beta-desoxy analogs.	Alanine	94-101	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	214-235
9182589-4	1997	Alanine cassette mutagenesis of hTSH showed that the Cys95-Cys105 segment of the seat-belt was more important for TSH receptor binding and signal transduction than the Cys88-Cys95 determinant loop region.	Alanine	0-7	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	114-126
9169418-1	1997	To investigate a potential ligand-dependent transcriptional activation domain (AF-2) in the C-terminal region of the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR), two conserved residues, Leu-417 and Glu-420, were replaced with alanines by site-directed mutagenesis (L417A and E420A).	Alanine	214-222	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	123-141
9169418-1	1997	To investigate a potential ligand-dependent transcriptional activation domain (AF-2) in the C-terminal region of the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR), two conserved residues, Leu-417 and Glu-420, were replaced with alanines by site-directed mutagenesis (L417A and E420A).	Alanine	214-222	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	143-147
16890344-5	2007	Four tripeptides containing azaPhe residue, Boc-Xaa-azaPhe-Ala-OMe [Xaa=Gly(1), Ala(2), Phe(3), Asn(4)] were designed and synthesized to verify whether the backbone torsion angles of azaPhe reside are still the same as compared with theoretical conformations and how the preceding amino acids of azaPhe residue perturb the beta-turn skeleton in solution.	Alanine	59-62	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	44-47
17045833-2	2007	The correlation between length of the alanine expanded tracts and severity of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome respiratory phenotype has been confirmed by length-dependent cytoplasmic PHOX2B retention with formation of aggregates.	Alanine	38-45	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	195-201
33428894-7	2021	It was found that the disruption of leucine heptad repeats within TM3 dramatically reduced the uptake function and protein-protein association of OATP1B1; while within TM8, only L378 is essential for the function of OATP1B1 and alanine replacement of L378 exhibited no effect on the oligomerization.	Alanine	228-235	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	66-69
33841159-9	2021	In addition, we observed that mutating R588 to alanine residue resulted in a mutant DAT which exhibited attenuated DA efflux induced by Gbetagamma activation.	Alanine	47-54	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
17446684-3	2007	By introducing an acetyl group at the N-terminal alanine of PepA, an acetylated form was generated which was designated AcPepA.	Alanine	49-56	carnosine dipeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
17176064-1	2006	An essential histidine ligand to the electron transfer copper (CuH) of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHMcc) was mutated to an alanine and found to retain copper binding and hydroxylase activity [Jaron, S., et al.	Alanine	147-154	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	71-120
9153260-8	1997	Thrombin specifically cleaved chicken OPN at two sites: between Arg-22 and Ser-23, which generated the 5-kDa N-terminal end fragment, and another between Lys-138 and Ala-139, which generated the 30- and 20-kDa fragments.	Alanine	166-169	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Gallus gallus	0-8
9171356-6	1997	Alanine scanning of the Elk-1 B-box reveals five predominantly hydrophobic residues which are essential for binding to SRF and for ternary complex formation in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	24-29
9171356-6	1997	Alanine scanning of the Elk-1 B-box reveals five predominantly hydrophobic residues which are essential for binding to SRF and for ternary complex formation in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	serum response factor	Homo sapiens	119-122
33649041-4	2021	The patient investigation highlighted a previously not described mutation in exon 4 of the GLA gene, as for the substitution of threonine for alanine.	Alanine	142-149	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	91-94
9182942-5	1997	A continuous infusion of BQ788, an ET(B) receptor antagonist (23 nmol/day), into the lateral ventricle of the cerebrum antagonized the effect of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, while BQ788 also reduced the number of GFAP positive cells in saline-injected caudate putamen.	Alanine	145-148	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	205-209
9109506-4	1997	The predicted amino acid sequence demonstrates that PTP NE-6 contains a single catalytic domain that diverges from the consensus protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain by expressing an aspartate instead of the conserved alanine residue in the catalytic site.	Alanine	227-234	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type N2	Rattus norvegicus	52-60
17164333-6	2006	Through global phosphoproteome analysis, we identified a unique phosphosubstrate signature associated with each drug-resistant allele, including a shift in phosphorylation of two tyrosines (Tyr253 and Tyr257) in the ATP binding loop (P-loop) of BCR-ABL when Thr315 is Ile or Ala.	Alanine	275-278	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	245-252
16977470-9	2006	The study also showed that an increased number of alanine residues in the rSOX might have some contribution in the enzymatic thermostability.	Alanine	50-57	quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
33738139-1	2021	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that results from an alanine expansion in the N-terminal domain of Poly-A Binding Protein Nuclear-1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	100-107	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	146-178
17012237-7	2006	However, even if all eight amino acids were replaced by alanines, this agrin mutant still has significantly higher MuSK phosphorylation activity than the splice version lacking any insert.	Alanine	56-64	agrin	Homo sapiens	71-76
9133512-2	1997	Recently, the alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, one of the key enzymes catalyzing remethylation of homocysteine, has been reported.	Alanine	14-21	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	55-95
9133512-2	1997	Recently, the alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism of the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, one of the key enzymes catalyzing remethylation of homocysteine, has been reported.	Alanine	14-21	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	97-102
9130707-5	1997	Mutation of these sites to alanine severely reduces c-fos SRE-dependent transcription mediated by Sap-1a and p38 MAP kinase.	Alanine	27-34	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
33738139-1	2021	Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that results from an alanine expansion in the N-terminal domain of Poly-A Binding Protein Nuclear-1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	100-107	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	180-186
17102593-3	2006	Alanine substitution analysis and a peptide deletion strategy were used to determine the minimal element of HYD1 necessary for bioactivity in a prostate cancer cell line called PC3N.	Alanine	0-7	msh homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
33839685-6	2021	However, this residue hinders glucose binding because its mutation to alanine converts the AncMsPFK enzyme into a specific ADP-GK.	Alanine	70-77	glycerol kinase	Homo sapiens	127-129
17032734-6	2006	A series of domain deletion mutants and substitution mutations at phosphorylation sites (from serine to alanine) on GFAP demonstrated that serine 8 in the head domain is essential for the direct association of GFAP to 14-3-3gamma.	Alanine	104-111	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	210-214
16940182-5	2006	Compared to the wild-type form, Chk2 with alanine substitutions at S19, S33, and S35 (Chk2(S3A)) showed impaired dimerization, defective auto- and trans-phosphorylation activities, and reduced ability to promote degradation of Hdmx, a phosphorylation target of Chk2 and regulator of p53 activity.	Alanine	42-49	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	227-231
9148753-5	1997	The N-terminal sequence of the two fragments generated by MMP-2 and MMP-3 is Leu211-Lys-Gly-Leu-Asn, but that of the others is Asp1-Glu-Ala-Ser-Gly.	Alanine	136-139	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	127-131
9032260-2	1997	We analyzed the transcriptional properties of TBP derivatives in which residues that directly interact with TFIIB were replaced by alanines.	Alanine	131-139	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-49
33303626-5	2021	In the current study, we used alanine scanning mutagenesis to examine the critical residues responsible for p15-induced ADGRG2 activity.	Alanine	30-37	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2	Homo sapiens	120-126
9029102-3	1997	Members of the B17 family share a preference for peptides with serine, threonine, or alanine at position 2 and aromatic residues at the carboxyl terminus.	Alanine	85-92	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6	Homo sapiens	15-18
16873766-5	2006	These adults have the mildest of the CCHS-related PHOX2B polyalanine expansion mutations, coding for only five extra alanines; three of the adults have affected offspring.	Alanine	117-125	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	50-56
32181977-4	2020	We revealed CD9 lipidation at its three most frequent lipidated sites suffices for EWI-F binding, while cysteine to alanine CD9 mutations markedly reduced binding of EWI-F.	Alanine	116-123	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	124-127
16840548-3	2006	We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor is required for its internalization and for the desensitization of the responsiveness to PTH and PTHrP in vitro; the internalization and desensitization response is impaired in a PTH/PTHrP receptor mutant bearing serine to alanine mutations in the phosphate acceptor sites.	Alanine	295-302	parathyroid hormone 1 receptor	Mus musculus	53-71
9020851-4	1997	This 566C--&gt;T mutation, predicting an alanine to valine substitution, is located in exon 7 of the FSHR gene, in the region encoding the extracellular domain of the receptor molecule.	Alanine	41-48	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	101-105
33096415-2	2020	In this study, we characterized the molecular basis of a CMC-associated missense mutation by introducing a threonine-to-alanine exchange in the STAT1 DNA-binding domain at position 387.	Alanine	120-127	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	144-149
8994411-2	1997	A common mutation (nucleotide 677 C--&gt;T) has been described recently in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which results in a valine for alanine substitution, a thermolabile enzyme, and a tendency to elevate plasma homocysteine levels and which has been proposed to contribute importantly to coronary artery disease.	Alanine	164-171	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	79-119
8994411-2	1997	A common mutation (nucleotide 677 C--&gt;T) has been described recently in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which results in a valine for alanine substitution, a thermolabile enzyme, and a tendency to elevate plasma homocysteine levels and which has been proposed to contribute importantly to coronary artery disease.	Alanine	164-171	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	121-126
8985349-4	1997	To gain further insight into NS1 function, we used clustered charged-amino-acid-to-alanine mutagenesis to create 28 clustered substitutions in the NS1 protein of yellow fever virus.	Alanine	83-90	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	147-150
16707184-0	2006	Expression of alr gene from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 in Escherichia coli and molecular characterization of the recombinant alanine racemase.	Alanine	136-143	alanine racemase	Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032	14-17
16707184-2	2006	The Alr was expressed in the soluble fractions of the cell extract of the E. coli clone and showed alanine racemase activity.	Alanine	99-106	alanine racemase	Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032	4-7
16707184-6	2006	The Alr was specific for alanine, and the optimum pH was observed at about nine.	Alanine	25-32	alanine racemase	Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032	4-7
8985362-5	1997	Mutations of D64, D90, R93, C135, C142, and Y249 to alanine destroyed or greatly reduced the MT activity of nsP1.	Alanine	52-59	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	108-112
32843329-1	2020	TAK-164 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising human anti-guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) monoclonal antibody conjugated to indolinobenzodiazepine DNA alkylator IGN-P1 through a cleavable alanine-alanine (Ala-Ala) dipeptide linker.	Alanine	189-196	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	66-84
32843329-1	2020	TAK-164 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising human anti-guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) monoclonal antibody conjugated to indolinobenzodiazepine DNA alkylator IGN-P1 through a cleavable alanine-alanine (Ala-Ala) dipeptide linker.	Alanine	189-196	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8987974-0	1996	X-ray crystallographic studies of alanine-65 variants of carbonic anhydrase II reveal the structural basis of compromised proton transfer in catalysis.	Alanine	34-41	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	57-78
32843329-1	2020	TAK-164 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising human anti-guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) monoclonal antibody conjugated to indolinobenzodiazepine DNA alkylator IGN-P1 through a cleavable alanine-alanine (Ala-Ala) dipeptide linker.	Alanine	197-204	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	66-84
32843329-1	2020	TAK-164 is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising human anti-guanylyl cyclase C (GCC) monoclonal antibody conjugated to indolinobenzodiazepine DNA alkylator IGN-P1 through a cleavable alanine-alanine (Ala-Ala) dipeptide linker.	Alanine	197-204	guanylate cyclase 2C	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8985785-2	1996	Alanine and N-methylation scans together with molecular modelling were implemented in order to propose a binding conformation of the minimum active fragment of bombesin (BB), Ac-BB[7-14], to the gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) receptors.	Alanine	0-7	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	160-168
32484512-3	2020	However, no specific mechanism within an aaRS is known to handle the scenario where a cognate amino acid is mischarged onto a wrong tRNA, as exemplified by AlaRS mischarging alanine to G4:U69-containing tRNAThr.	Alanine	174-181	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
8985785-2	1996	Alanine and N-methylation scans together with molecular modelling were implemented in order to propose a binding conformation of the minimum active fragment of bombesin (BB), Ac-BB[7-14], to the gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and neuromedin B (NMB) receptors.	Alanine	0-7	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	170-172
8953412-7	1996	Asp-9 is located on a beta sheet of alpha 1 domain of HLA-C molecule and influences the peptide binding of the C pocket of the groove together with Ala-73.	Alanine	148-151	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	54-59
17117362-1	2006	Recent reports identified DGAT1 (EC 2.3.1.20) harboring a lysine to alanine substitution (K232A) as a candidate gene with a strong effect on milk production traits.	Alanine	68-75	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	26-31
32484512-3	2020	However, no specific mechanism within an aaRS is known to handle the scenario where a cognate amino acid is mischarged onto a wrong tRNA, as exemplified by AlaRS mischarging alanine to G4:U69-containing tRNAThr.	Alanine	174-181	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
17299970-0	2006	[Study of the association between paraoxonase1 55 Met/Leu, paraoxonase2 148 Ala/Gly and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) 9 Ala/Val genetic polymorphisms and coronary heart disease].	Alanine	76-79	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	59-71
32334834-5	2020	More intriguingly, replacement of Lysine 164 residue of ING3 with alanine (K164A) resulted in retention of ING3 in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	66-73	inhibitor of growth family member 3	Homo sapiens	56-60
16878977-6	2006	Inhibition of mutants by C1-INH was increased to varying degrees relative to that of fXIa-WT, with the mutant containing alanine replacements for all four basic residues (fXIa-144-149A) exhibiting an approximately 15-fold higher rate of inhibition.	Alanine	121-128	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
16866871-7	2006	Reduced activation of STAT1 by TGF-beta1 was abrogated by the mutation in the IFNGR1 in which the serine residues of potential sites of phosphorylation by TGF-betaRI were replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	183-190	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	22-27
8887637-12	1996	Conversion of either serine to alanine by mutagenesis abolished CaM kinase IV inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.	Alanine	31-38	calmodulin 2	Mus musculus	64-67
8870646-8	1996	A mutant pssC cDNA clone, in which Ser378 in the conserved sequence is replaced by Ala, leads to overproduction of 46, 42 and 38 kDa peptides, but not a 34 kDa peptide.	Alanine	83-86	phosphatidylserine decarboxylase proenzyme, mitochondrial	Cricetulus griseus	9-13
8784199-1	1996	In an effort to relate structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic features in a model macromolecular recognition process, the amino acid residues in the reactive surface of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and surrounding residues were substituted individually by alanine, and the effects of the point-mutations on the kinetics and thermodynamics of inhibition by BPTI toward trypsin and chymotrypsin were investigated.	Alanine	270-277	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	206-210
32334834-5	2020	More intriguingly, replacement of Lysine 164 residue of ING3 with alanine (K164A) resulted in retention of ING3 in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	66-73	inhibitor of growth family member 3	Homo sapiens	107-111
8757342-6	1996	However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion.	Alanine	35-42	golgi SNAP receptor complex member 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
32253245-2	2020	Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development.	Alanine	100-107	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	50-55
8893763-2	1996	A C to T transition at nucleotide 35 of exon 12 changed the codon GCG for alanine 102 of the triple helical domain of alpha 1(II) chains of type-II collagen to GTG for valine.	Alanine	74-81	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
16735497-9	2006	Elongation of normal TBG by seven alanines did not affect its secretion or binding properties.	Alanine	34-42	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	21-24
32253245-2	2020	Using autoimmune-prone B6.Sle1b mice expressing a STAT1-S727A mutant in which serine is replaced by alanine, we report in this study that STAT1-pS727 promotes autoimmune Ab-forming cell (AFC) and germinal center (GC) responses, driving autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development.	Alanine	100-107	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Mus musculus	138-143
8757037-5	1996	Analysis of the COL1A1 gene that encodes the pro alpha 1(I) chains of type I procollagen revealed a point mutation in one allele, resulting in substitution of alanine for glycine (G13A) in about half the alpha 1(I) chains of type I collagen.	Alanine	159-166	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	16-22
32140809-10	2020	The levels of cathepsin B were positively correlated with alanine and aspartate aminotransferase.	Alanine	58-65	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	14-25
8782850-3	1996	We also assessed the potential interactive effect on plasma Hcy of folate status and a common mutation (ala to val; homozygous val-val frequency approximately 10%) in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a folate-dependent enzyme crucial for the remethylation of homocysteine (Hcy) to methionine.	Alanine	104-107	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	167-202
16864800-5	2006	Alanine substitution experiments with Mcm2 peptides showed that the phosphorylation of (5)S and (53)S by Cdc7 required the presence of an acidic amino acid adjacent to a serine residue.	Alanine	0-7	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
16861895-7	2006	Moreover, replacing with alanines the Sae2 serine and threonine residues belonging to Mec1/Tel1-dependent putative phosphorylation sites impairs not only Sae2 phosphorylation during meiosis, but also meiotic DSB repair.	Alanine	25-33	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease SAE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
16861895-7	2006	Moreover, replacing with alanines the Sae2 serine and threonine residues belonging to Mec1/Tel1-dependent putative phosphorylation sites impairs not only Sae2 phosphorylation during meiosis, but also meiotic DSB repair.	Alanine	25-33	protein kinase MEC1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	86-90
16861895-7	2006	Moreover, replacing with alanines the Sae2 serine and threonine residues belonging to Mec1/Tel1-dependent putative phosphorylation sites impairs not only Sae2 phosphorylation during meiosis, but also meiotic DSB repair.	Alanine	25-33	ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease SAE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	154-158
31923495-4	2020	In contrast to Escherichia coli aminopeptidase N, a previously characterized M1 peptidase, M1dr exhibits reduced activity towards peptides with N-terminal Arg or Ala residue.	Alanine	162-165	aminopeptidase N	Escherichia coli	32-48
16780572-4	2006	Gel retardation and DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis measurements revealed that the substitution of the tyrosine residue at position 232 (Tyr232) within the L1 loop with alanine, a short side chain amino acid, significantly decreased the DNA-binding ability of human Rad51, without affecting the protein folding or the salt-induced, DNA-independent ATP hydrolysis.	Alanine	166-173	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	263-268
8625478-2	1996	We have shown previously that a major physiological substrate of PKC, the 80 kDa myristoylated alanine-rich C-Kinase substrate (MARCKS), can be phosphorylated in quiescent, non-tumorigenic melanocytes exposed transiently to a biologically active phorbol ester, but cannot be phosphorylated in phorbol ester-treated, syngeneic malignant melanoma cells.	Alanine	95-102	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Mus musculus	128-134
8665924-13	1996	We also report that mutation of MAO-B Thr158 (to Ala) resulted in a dramatic loss of enzymic activity.	Alanine	49-52	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	32-37
31479802-11	2020	Mechanistically, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were found to be regulated in both cell types after ALA-PDT.	Alanine	132-135	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	74-79
8610444-4	1996	Using site-directed mutagenesis we now report the expression of nsP1 in Escherichia coli, and in the infectious clone of Sindbis virus, Toto/1101, in which His39, Arg91, Asp94, and Tyr249 were changed one at a time to Ala.	Alanine	218-221	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	64-68
8642268-5	1996	We found that a single Ala--&gt;Asp amino acid 57 substitution in an HLA-DQ3.2 molecule regulated binding of an HSV-2 VP-16-derived peptide.	Alanine	23-26	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
16768443-2	2006	DPP-IV inactivates the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and several other naturally produced bioactive peptides that contain preferentially a proline or alanine residue in the second amino acid sequence position by cleaving the N-terminal dipeptide.	Alanine	150-157	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
32010931-1	2020	C677T (Ala>Val, rs1801133 C>T), a non-synonymous variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, has been found to be associated with an impair enzyme activity of MTHFR.	Alanine	7-10	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	60-95
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	56-59	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	56-59	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	56-59	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	202-205	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	70-74
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	202-205	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	202-205	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
16685415-4	2006	A luciferase assay showed that substituting (57)Arg for Ala or Lys in DEC2 diminished the suppressive activity of wild-type DEC2 on CLOCK/ BMAL2-mediated transactivation, while substituting (48)Pro for Ala in DEC2 did not alter it, and the same was true for wild-type DEC2.	Alanine	202-205	basic helix-loop-helix family member e41	Homo sapiens	124-128
8652553-8	1996	The functional importance of Trp-139 is also demonstrated by the finding that its replacement by Phe, His, Pro, or Ala gives mutant enzymes that are optimally active at temperatures below that of the wild-type enzyme and undergo the E-PLP --&gt; E-PMP transition as a function of D-Ala concentration with reduced efficiency.	Alanine	115-118	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	235-238
8825554-8	1996	Similar experiments in cells expressing a mutant TTP, in which the major mitogen-activated protein kinase site (serine 220) had been mutated to alanine, revealed normal nuclear to cytosolic translocation after serum stimulation, indicating that phosphorylation of this site is not necessary for this translocation to occur.	Alanine	144-151	zinc finger protein 36	Mus musculus	49-52
32010931-1	2020	C677T (Ala>Val, rs1801133 C>T), a non-synonymous variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, has been found to be associated with an impair enzyme activity of MTHFR.	Alanine	7-10	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	97-102
32010931-1	2020	C677T (Ala>Val, rs1801133 C>T), a non-synonymous variant of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, has been found to be associated with an impair enzyme activity of MTHFR.	Alanine	7-10	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	176-181
8616944-2	1996	A common MTHFR mutation, an alanine-to-valine substitution, renders the enzyme thermolabile and may cause elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine.	Alanine	28-35	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	9-14
16460309-5	2006	The present analysis using alanine-scanning mutagenesis identifies Pro152, Pro156 and Arg158 in the p22phox PRR as residues indispensable for the interaction with p47phox.	Alanine	27-34	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	163-170
32075763-6	2020	An alanine-scanning mutagenesis discloses the DDB1 interaction motif of pUL145 that resembles the DDB1-binding interface of cellular substrate receptors of DDB1-containing ubiquitin ligases.	Alanine	3-10	damage specific DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
16531413-11	2006	Alanine replacements for each of the potentially important amino acid residues in the perimembranous segments revealed that residues Gly36, Pro103, Leu109, and Phe332 were responsible for the selective negative impact on motilin biological activity, while responding normally to erythromycin.	Alanine	0-7	motilin	Homo sapiens	221-228
8587985-6	1996	Translational fusions to beta-glucuronidase and alanine-scanning mutagenesis further demonstrated that the C-terminal 86 amino acids of BR1 contains a domain(s) essential for its interaction with BL1 and identified two nuclear localization signals within the N-terminal 113 residues of BR1.	Alanine	48-55	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	136-139
32075763-6	2020	An alanine-scanning mutagenesis discloses the DDB1 interaction motif of pUL145 that resembles the DDB1-binding interface of cellular substrate receptors of DDB1-containing ubiquitin ligases.	Alanine	3-10	damage specific DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
8653551-7	1995	The results suggest that: the amino-terminal portion of aFGF is active in food intake suppression; the replacement of cysteine residue by alanine or serine is important in some amino-terminal aFGF fragments; and the LHA is involved in feeding suppression actions by aFGF and some fragments.	Alanine	138-145	fibroblast growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
16516348-2	2006	Besides glutamine and other high-affinity substrates--alanine, serine, cysteine or threonine, ASCT2 can also translocate protonated glutamate.	Alanine	54-61	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	94-99
16516348-7	2006	Both glutamine and alanine, though to different extents, induced partial redistribution of ASCT2 from the cytosolic compartment to the plasma membrane.	Alanine	19-26	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	91-96
8653551-7	1995	The results suggest that: the amino-terminal portion of aFGF is active in food intake suppression; the replacement of cysteine residue by alanine or serine is important in some amino-terminal aFGF fragments; and the LHA is involved in feeding suppression actions by aFGF and some fragments.	Alanine	138-145	fibroblast growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
32075763-6	2020	An alanine-scanning mutagenesis discloses the DDB1 interaction motif of pUL145 that resembles the DDB1-binding interface of cellular substrate receptors of DDB1-containing ubiquitin ligases.	Alanine	3-10	damage specific DNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
31816138-8	2020	In this study, we used the recently developed MM/GBSA_IE and the alanine scanning method to analyze the hot spots in EED/inhibitor interactions.	Alanine	65-72	embryonic ectoderm development	Homo sapiens	117-120
8521848-9	1995	E1 alpha Ser313, which is homologous to the phosphorylated residue of rat liver E1 alpha, was converted to alanine resulting in about a twofold increase in Km, but no change in Kcat.	Alanine	107-114	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
16484282-2	2006	Here we report the identification and transcriptional characterization of mouse Sim2s, a splice variant of Sim2, which is missing the carboxyl Pro/Ala-rich repressive domain.	Alanine	147-150	single-minded family bHLH transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	80-84
16605249-2	2006	Generation of the equivalent Ala to Val mutation in Escherichia coli MTHFR, which is 30% identical to the catalytic domain of the human enzyme, creates a protein with enhanced thermolability.	Alanine	29-32	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	69-74
8521848-9	1995	E1 alpha Ser313, which is homologous to the phosphorylated residue of rat liver E1 alpha, was converted to alanine resulting in about a twofold increase in Km, but no change in Kcat.	Alanine	107-114	branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	80-88
31742863-5	2020	Introduction of a point mutation within the native RAP1 locus that converts these residues to alanines (RAP1SHY ), and thus disrupts Rap1-H3/H4 interaction, does not interfere with Rap1 relocalization to NRTS at senescence, but prevents full nucleosome displacement and gene upregulation, indicating direct Rap1-H3/H4 contacts are involved in nucleosome displacement.	Alanine	94-102	DNA-binding transcription factor RAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
7565715-5	1995	Therefore, we have constructed a series of cdc34 alleles encoding mutant proteins in which these serine residues have been changed to other amino acid residues, including alanine and aspartic acid.	Alanine	171-178	cell division cycle 34, ubiqiutin conjugating enzyme	Homo sapiens	43-48
31742863-5	2020	Introduction of a point mutation within the native RAP1 locus that converts these residues to alanines (RAP1SHY ), and thus disrupts Rap1-H3/H4 interaction, does not interfere with Rap1 relocalization to NRTS at senescence, but prevents full nucleosome displacement and gene upregulation, indicating direct Rap1-H3/H4 contacts are involved in nucleosome displacement.	Alanine	94-102	DNA-binding transcription factor RAP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	104-111
7559421-8	1995	Ala-235, which characterizes human stromelysin-3 among matrixins, is located immediately after the C terminus of the "Met-turn," which forms a hydrophobic basis for the catalytic zinc atom in the metzincin family.	Alanine	0-3	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	35-48
31589371-1	2020	HLA-C*07:780 differs from HLA-C*07:04:01:01 in exon 2 at amino acid 49; alanine to threonine substitution.	Alanine	72-79	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	0-5
7588705-0	1995	Two regions with differential growth-modulating activity in the N-terminal domain of ras GTPase-activating protein (p120GAP) src homology and Gly-Ala-Pro-rich regions.	Alanine	146-149	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
16354672-7	2006	The conservative mutation F377Y produced a high residual nucleotide binding capacity, whereas replacement by alanine resulted in low nucleotide binding capacities and a considerable loss of ATPase activity.	Alanine	109-116	ATPase	Escherichia coli	190-196
31589371-1	2020	HLA-C*07:780 differs from HLA-C*07:04:01:01 in exon 2 at amino acid 49; alanine to threonine substitution.	Alanine	72-79	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	26-31
16581776-6	2006	Replacing Thr89 and Thr93 with alanines decreased NKX3.1 stability in vivo.	Alanine	31-39	NK3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
8550998-5	1995	At these time points, in both groups there was a specific two- to threefold increased net hepatic uptake of the amino acids alanine and glycine, both being transported by the sodium-coupled amino acid transport system A/ASC.	Alanine	124-131	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	220-223
32098913-8	2020	We further identified Ser15, Thr18 and Ser20 of p53 are critical to the beta-actin: p53 interaction, which upon mutation into alanine abrogates the binding.	Alanine	126-133	POTE ankyrin domain family member F	Homo sapiens	72-82
8534910-6	1995	Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 appears to be required for Xenopus oocyte maturation, based on the significantly diminished ability of the quintuple Ala mutant to induce oocyte maturation.	Alanine	146-149	cyclin B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	19-28
16460757-3	2006	Here, we use deletion mutants and a library of alanine-stretch mutants of the entire protein to identify the SoxS features responsible for Lon-dependent proteolysis in vivo.	Alanine	47-54	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	139-142
16690499-3	2006	This is the first Japanese case displaying TTR mutation at codon 25, replacing alanine with threonine.	Alanine	79-86	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	43-46
31521796-2	2020	Our previous study developed a series of opioid and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) pharmacophore-containing chimeric peptides, including DN-9 (Tyr-D.Ala-Gly-NMe.Phe-Gly-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2), which produced potent nontolerance forming analgesia at the supraspinal level.	Alanine	141-144	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Mus musculus	69-73
16278830-4	2006	The substitution of this base for adenine in the target RNA selectively stabilizes the complex formed with a U1A protein in which one of the conserved aromatic amino acids is replaced with Ala (Phe56Ala).	Alanine	189-192	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide A	Homo sapiens	109-112
7608709-2	1995	Two patients from this region have been shown to have the ala 60 mutation in the transthyretin gene.	Alanine	58-61	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	81-94
7797592-3	1995	Both were highly homologous to human ICE (52% identical) and CED-3 (25% identical) and both contained the absolutely conserved pentapeptide sequence Gln-Ala-Cys-Arg-Asp containing the catalytic cysteine residue.	Alanine	153-156	intraflagellar transport 43	Homo sapiens	61-66
31695071-5	2019	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis suggested that the D94 residue is structurally crucial for the 2E4 epitope.	Alanine	0-7	kaptin, actin binding protein	Homo sapiens	92-95
7601162-7	1995	The amino acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence revealed that pig transthyretin differs from the transthyretins of all other studied vertebrate species by an unusual C-terminal extension consisting of the amino acids glycine, alanine and leucine.	Alanine	239-246	transthyretin	Sus scrofa	79-92
16501124-8	2006	Mutant Vif molecules in which Ala was substituted for Trp79 and, to a lesser extent, for Trp11 remained competent for A3G interaction and its suppression; however, they were defective for A3F interaction and therefore could not efficiently suppress the antiviral activity of A3F.	Alanine	30-33	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	7-10
31532181-4	2019	Our data reveal that SUMO-2 and -3 proteins behave differently from the Cys   Ala modification with SUMO-2 being less impacted than SUMO-3, likely due to a stabilizing interaction occurring in SUMO-2 between its tail and the SUMO core domain.	Alanine	78-81	small ubiquitin like modifier 3	Homo sapiens	132-138
16480267-1	2006	To investigate the allosteric effects of ligands in the function of nuclear receptors, we performed exhaustive alanine scanning mutational analysis (ASMA) of the residues lining the ligand-binding pocket (LBP) of the human vitamin D receptor.	Alanine	111-118	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	223-241
16326711-3	2006	GTA and GTB differ in only four "critical" amino acid residues (Arg/Gly-176, Gly/Ser-235, Leu/Met-266, and Gly/Ala-268).	Alanine	111-114	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	0-3
7789521-3	1995	By mutating this residue to alanine, a monomeric form of human cathepsin E was engineered and purified.	Alanine	28-35	cathepsin E	Homo sapiens	63-74
7539005-8	1995	Mutation of the aspartic acids at positions 137 and 239 to either alanine or lysine completely destroyed ICAM-1 binding.	Alanine	66-73	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	105-111
7744785-1	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the charged amino acids of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) was used to identify specific residues that are involved in binding to the human erythrocyte Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) and to the type B interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8RB) on neutrophils.	Alanine	0-7	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	59-95
7744785-1	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the charged amino acids of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) was used to identify specific residues that are involved in binding to the human erythrocyte Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) and to the type B interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8RB) on neutrophils.	Alanine	0-7	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
7744785-1	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the charged amino acids of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) was used to identify specific residues that are involved in binding to the human erythrocyte Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) and to the type B interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8RB) on neutrophils.	Alanine	0-7	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	230-234
7744785-2	1995	Receptor binding and biological studies with the alanine scan mutants of MGSA demonstrate that MGSA binds to DARC and the IL-8RB through distinct binding regions.	Alanine	49-56	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
7744785-2	1995	Receptor binding and biological studies with the alanine scan mutants of MGSA demonstrate that MGSA binds to DARC and the IL-8RB through distinct binding regions.	Alanine	49-56	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
7744785-2	1995	Receptor binding and biological studies with the alanine scan mutants of MGSA demonstrate that MGSA binds to DARC and the IL-8RB through distinct binding regions.	Alanine	49-56	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	109-113
16388603-4	2006	In this study, Sir2-catalyzed reactions are shown to transfer an 18O label from the peptide acetyl group to the ribose 1"-position of OAADPr, providing direct evidence for the formation of a covalent alpha-1"-O-alkylamidate, whose existence is further supported by the observed methanolysis of the alpha-1"-O-alkylamidate intermediate to yield beta-1"-O-methyl-ADP-ribose in a Sir2 histidine-to-alanine mutant.	Alanine	395-402	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
31532181-4	2019	Our data reveal that SUMO-2 and -3 proteins behave differently from the Cys   Ala modification with SUMO-2 being less impacted than SUMO-3, likely due to a stabilizing interaction occurring in SUMO-2 between its tail and the SUMO core domain.	Alanine	78-81	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	100-106
31532181-5	2019	While the Cys   Ala modification has no effect on the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation, it shows a deleterious effect on the enzyme-catalyzed deconjugation process, especially with the SUMO-3 conjugate.	Alanine	16-19	small ubiquitin like modifier 3	Homo sapiens	181-187
31471722-1	2019	The glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) gene produces a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, generating alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate.	Alanine	194-201	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	4-37
7769846-2	1995	The characteristics of the three proteins suggested that they could be related to the myristoylated, alanine-rich, C-kinase substrate (MARCKS).	Alanine	101-108	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Mus musculus	135-141
7727391-15	1995	The inter-ring coupling free energies in wild-type GroEL and the Arg-196--&gt;Ala mutant are -7.5 (+/- 0.4) and -3.9 (+/- 0.3) kcal mol-1, respectively.	Alanine	78-81	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
16125835-5	2006	Mutation of Ser-276 in AtPDK1 to alanine resulted in an enzyme with no detectable autophosphorylation.	Alanine	33-40	3'-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-29
31471722-1	2019	The glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) gene produces a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from glutamate to pyruvate, generating alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate.	Alanine	194-201	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
31442042-0	2019	Study of SHMT2 Inhibitors and Their Binding Mechanism by Computational Alanine Scanning.	Alanine	71-78	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
16899523-8	2006	Regulation of m-AlaAT at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels allowed for an increase in gene expression and orientation of the activity of the product of its transcription towards alanine synthesis under hypoxia.	Alanine	199-206	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	16-21
7625762-4	1995	When the entire 780-bp coding region and exon/intron junctions of the DNase I gene of two individuals with phenotypes 1-3 and 2-3 were sequenced, only one nucleotide substitution, a C-G transition (CCC--&gt;GCC), in the codon for amino acid 132 of the mature enzyme located in exon VI was found that resulted in the replacement of proline with alanine (P132A).	Alanine	344-351	deoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
7534478-4	1995	In this work, G15 and C48 in an Escherichia coli alanine amber suppressor tRNA were permuted, and variants were tested for biological activity in vivo.	Alanine	49-56	CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
16211579-5	2005	In addition, we found that F71 is a key residue in the compact folding of MNK1, and its mutation to alanine results in an unfolded structure.	Alanine	100-107	MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
31442042-4	2019	In this study, we employed a recently developed alanine-scanning-interaction-entropy method to quantitatively calculate the residue-specific binding free energy of 28 different SHMT2 inhibitors that originate from the same skeleton.	Alanine	48-55	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	177-182
31449404-11	2019	These interactions are missing in TopoIIbeta, where both amino acids are alanine residues.	Alanine	73-80	DNA topoisomerase II beta	Homo sapiens	34-44
16157595-1	2005	Recent findings associate the control of stereochemistry in lipoxygenase (LOX) catalysis with a conserved active site alanine for S configuration hydroperoxide products, or a corresponding glycine for R stereoconfiguration.	Alanine	118-125	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	60-72
16157595-1	2005	Recent findings associate the control of stereochemistry in lipoxygenase (LOX) catalysis with a conserved active site alanine for S configuration hydroperoxide products, or a corresponding glycine for R stereoconfiguration.	Alanine	118-125	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	74-77
7876239-8	1995	Thus, substitution of alanine for each additional serine decreased overall phosphorylation as compared with wild type alpha 2C10 by approximately 25%, which is consistent with all 4 serines being phosphorylated.	Alanine	22-29	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	118-128
31572855-1	2019	Throughout evolution, the presence of a single G3 U70 mismatch in the acceptor stem of tRNAAla is the major determinant for aminoacylation with alanine by alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS).	Alanine	144-151	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	155-177
17812611-4	1995	Other features that contribute to the stabilization of thermophilic lactate dehydrogenase and thermophilic MDH-the incorporation of alanine into alpha helices and the introduction of negatively charged amino acids near their amino termini, both of which stabilize the alpha helix as a result of interaction with the positive part of the alpha-helix dipole-also were observed in hMDH.	Alanine	132-139	malate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	107-110
16244144-2	2005	CpNifS is a chloroplastic NifS-like protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that can catalyze the conversion of cysteine into alanine and elemental sulfur (S0) and of selenocysteine into alanine and elemental Se (Se0).	Alanine	132-139	chloroplastic NIFS-like cysteine desulfurase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
16244144-2	2005	CpNifS is a chloroplastic NifS-like protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that can catalyze the conversion of cysteine into alanine and elemental sulfur (S0) and of selenocysteine into alanine and elemental Se (Se0).	Alanine	193-200	chloroplastic NIFS-like cysteine desulfurase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
7889942-6	1995	Conversion of two of these phospho-acceptor sites to alanine impairs the formation of ternary complexes by the resulting Elk-1 proteins.	Alanine	53-60	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	121-126
7819246-3	1995	Although the inhibitory peptide corresponding to this sequence (i.e., with an Ala at position 21) is a much more potent inhibitor of PKA than of PKG (approximately 250-fold), PKG actually exhibits a 60% higher kcat than does PKA with the (Ser21)PKI alpha(14-22) amide substrate peptide, with only a 20-fold higher Km value.	Alanine	78-81	cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	245-254
31572855-1	2019	Throughout evolution, the presence of a single G3 U70 mismatch in the acceptor stem of tRNAAla is the major determinant for aminoacylation with alanine by alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS).	Alanine	144-151	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
7532856-5	1995	The GR mutant in which the CAG repeat is translated to poly-Ala (called GR[Ala]) is incapable of transactivation, but maintains competence for hormone binding, nuclear translocation and specific DNA binding.	Alanine	60-63	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-6
30789107-7	2019	Serum cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) concentration and gene expression of cPLA2, Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2 and peptide transporter 1 in jejunum were increased by feeding Ala-Gln diets relative to control diet (P < 0.05).	Alanine	207-210	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	6-32
7532856-5	1995	The GR mutant in which the CAG repeat is translated to poly-Ala (called GR[Ala]) is incapable of transactivation, but maintains competence for hormone binding, nuclear translocation and specific DNA binding.	Alanine	60-63	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-74
7993628-5	1994	In contrast to the learning mutants dunce and rutabaga, which are defective in the cAMP cascade, inhibition of CaM kinase in ala transformants caused increased sprouting at larval neuromuscular junctions near the nerve entry point, rather than altering the higher order branch segments.	Alanine	125-128	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	111-121
16200502-10	2005	Alanine substitutions introduced into the HPD of Cln3 and Cln2 show functional defects while maintaining physical interaction with Cdc28 as measured by co-immunoprecipitation assay.	Alanine	0-7	cyclin CLN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
7993628-7	1994	Furthermore, synaptic currents in ala transformants were characterized by greater variability, suggesting an important role of CaM kinase in the stability of transmission.	Alanine	34-37	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	127-137
30789107-7	2019	Serum cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) concentration and gene expression of cPLA2, Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2 and peptide transporter 1 in jejunum were increased by feeding Ala-Gln diets relative to control diet (P < 0.05).	Alanine	207-210	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	34-39
16107341-3	2005	To enable disulfide-dependent and spontaneous formation of active Stat1 homodimer (as was done previously for Stat3), we engineered Stat1-CC with double-cysteine substitutions in the Src homology 2 (SH2)-homodimerization domain (at Ala-656 and Asn-658).	Alanine	232-235	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
30789107-7	2019	Serum cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) concentration and gene expression of cPLA2, Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter 2 and peptide transporter 1 in jejunum were increased by feeding Ala-Gln diets relative to control diet (P < 0.05).	Alanine	207-210	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	78-83
7958931-3	1994	Despite the extensive conservation of TBP, its ability to respond to transcriptional activators in vivo is curiously resistant to clustered sets of alanine substitution mutations in different regions of the protein, including those that disrupt DNA binding and basal transcription in vitro.	Alanine	148-155	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	38-41
31292211-8	2019	Ectopic overexpression of sleep-promoting neuropeptides coded by flp-13 and flp-24, released from the ALA, reduced cAMP in the DVA and RIFs, respectively.	Alanine	102-105	SPSAVPLIRF-amide	Caenorhabditis elegans	65-71
16550922-2	2005	It is caused by heterozygous expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the N-terminus of the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	47-54	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	114-148
31079229-9	2019	Despite that the alanine and glutamine mutants of p150Glued had opposite effects on PCM-1 localization, they associated with PCM-1 to the same extent.	Alanine	17-24	pericentriolar material 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
16550922-2	2005	It is caused by heterozygous expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the N-terminus of the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	47-54	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	150-156
16550922-2	2005	It is caused by heterozygous expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the N-terminus of the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	114-148
16550922-2	2005	It is caused by heterozygous expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the N-terminus of the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1).	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	150-156
8058315-5	1994	Several p53 synthetic peptides libraries, and an alanine substitution series at the optimal binding site, were used to establish the MDM2 binding site, in fine detail, to the sequence TFSGLW (aa 18-23) in mouse and TFSDLW in man (aa 18-23).	Alanine	49-56	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	133-137
31121497-5	2019	This was accomplished by replacing the basic arginine (R) and lysine (K) residues in the cluster of amino acids 254-260 (RKKEKMK) of the murine IL-12 p40 subunit by the neutral non-polar amino acid alanine (A), generating an AAAEAMA mutant fusion protein.	Alanine	198-205	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	144-153
8061038-9	1994	The results suggested that Ser-174 and Ala-295 do not necessarily interact directly, but that the regions including these suppression mutation sites close to Ser-174, and Ala-295 interact with each other for the proper functioning of the ATPase.	Alanine	39-42	ATPase	Escherichia coli	238-244
8061038-9	1994	The results suggested that Ser-174 and Ala-295 do not necessarily interact directly, but that the regions including these suppression mutation sites close to Ser-174, and Ala-295 interact with each other for the proper functioning of the ATPase.	Alanine	171-174	ATPase	Escherichia coli	238-244
8074207-3	1994	Substrate cycling from phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate [via pyruvate kinase (PK)] and from oxaloacetate to pyruvate [via malic enzyme (ME)] relative to the pyruvate carboxylase (PC) flux [i.e., (PK+ME)/PC] was assessed by the ratio of the 13C enrichment of C-2 alanine relative to that in C-5 glucose.	Alanine	261-268	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	156-176
16272137-7	2005	Epitope mapping analysis using two kinds of random peptide-displaying phage libraries and an IL-18 alanine mutant (D98A) demonstrated that the h18-108 scFv binds to the site 3 of IL-18, which is suggested to be an association site with the IL-18 receptor beta.	Alanine	99-106	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	179-184
16272138-6	2005	On examination of the functions of four cysteine mutants of TFIIEalpha, in which each of four zinc-liganded cysteines was replaced by alanine, we found an interesting functional asymmetry; on a supercoiled template, the two C-terminal mutants did not show any transcriptional activity, however, the two N-terminal mutants retained about 20% activity.	Alanine	134-141	general transcription factor IIE subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-70
16033761-8	2005	In contrast, the BACE-LL/AA mutant, in which Leu(499) and Leu(500) in the COOH-terminal sequence (DDISLLK) were replaced by alanines, only partially co-localized with LAMP2-positive compartments following inhibition of lysosomal hydrolases.	Alanine	124-132	lysosomal associated membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
16061255-6	2005	Several residues defining the structural epitope of NgR involved in interaction with Nogo were subsequently confirmed by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	121-128	reticulon 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	52-55
8039506-7	1994	The NOP77 allele which complements the synthetic lethal nop1 strains has an alanine at position 308, predicted to lie in helix alpha 1 of RRM3, whereas the non-complementing nop77-1 allele contains a proline at the corresponding position.	Alanine	76-83	mRNA-binding ribosome biosynthesis protein NOP4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-9
8204579-6	1994	To investigate the possible role of serine as a precursor of dehydroalanine in the active site of histidase, each of the four serines, conserved in all known histidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyases, was consecutively changed to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	68-75	histidine ammonia-lyase	Homo sapiens	98-107
30972880-6	2019	RESULTS: With one exception, all detected mutations in KNSTRN gene showed an alanine-to-glutamate substitution at codon 40 (p.Ala40Glu).	Alanine	77-84	kinetochore localized astrin (SPAG5) binding protein	Homo sapiens	55-61
8117724-1	1994	TP40 is a chimeric protein containing transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) at the N-terminus and a Cys--&gt;Ala mutant (PE40 delta Cys) of a 40,000-dalton segment (PE40) of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE).	Alanine	116-119	CD7 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
15975903-0	2005	Alanine scanning of Arp1 delineates a putative binding site for Jnm1/dynamitin and Nip100/p150Glued.	Alanine	0-7	actin related protein 1A	Homo sapiens	20-24
31543958-9	2019	Results: The common, ancestral EPAS1 haplotype encoding HIF2alpha with alanine (A) at position 606 and glycine (G) at position 610 was equally frequent in cases and controls (0.67).	Alanine	71-78	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Bos taurus	31-36
16120774-4	2005	The substitution by Ala of Ser/Thr residues situated within PKC consensus sites of the P2X3 receptor ectodomain either abolished (PKC2 and PKC3; T134A, S178A) or did not alter (PKC4 and PKC6; T196A, S269A) the UTP-induced potentiation of the alpha,beta-meATP current.	Alanine	20-23	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	60-63
16120774-4	2005	The substitution by Ala of Ser/Thr residues situated within PKC consensus sites of the P2X3 receptor ectodomain either abolished (PKC2 and PKC3; T134A, S178A) or did not alter (PKC4 and PKC6; T196A, S269A) the UTP-induced potentiation of the alpha,beta-meATP current.	Alanine	20-23	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	130-134
16042408-7	2005	Mutation of T129 or S179 to alanine prevented heterodimerization of PPARalpha with RXRalpha, lowered the level of phosphorylation by PKCalpha and PKCdelta in vitro, and lowered the level of phosphorylation of transfected PPARalpha in transfected cells.	Alanine	28-35	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	133-141
7508987-2	1994	A recombinant model of the reduced state of BPTI, called [R]Ala, in which all six Cys residues are replaced with Ala, has been expressed in Escherichia coli.	Alanine	60-63	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	44-48
7508987-2	1994	A recombinant model of the reduced state of BPTI, called [R]Ala, in which all six Cys residues are replaced with Ala, has been expressed in Escherichia coli.	Alanine	113-116	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	44-48
31244528-6	2019	PYY(1-36) and (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) induced significant reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from BRIN BD11 cells, but only PYY(1-36) diminished alanine-stimulated insulin secretion.	Alanine	164-171	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8276829-2	1994	We report properties of five active site mutants of Escherichia coli citrate synthase, in which histidine 264, aspartate 362, and phenylalanine 383 were replaced by alanines, and arginines 387 and 407 by leucines.	Alanine	165-173	citrate synthase	Sus scrofa	69-85
8275943-0	1994	Threonine for alanine substitution at position 109 of transthyretin differentially alters human transthyretin"s affinity for iodothyronines.	Alanine	14-21	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	54-67
8275943-0	1994	Threonine for alanine substitution at position 109 of transthyretin differentially alters human transthyretin"s affinity for iodothyronines.	Alanine	14-21	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	96-109
16092939-6	2005	Deletion and alanine-scanning mutants lacking most of the carboxyl tail of VAChT, but containing residues 481-490, were still targeted to microvesicles.	Alanine	13-20	solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine), member 3	Mus musculus	75-80
31244528-6	2019	PYY(1-36) and (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) induced significant reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from BRIN BD11 cells, but only PYY(1-36) diminished alanine-stimulated insulin secretion.	Alanine	164-171	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
15733055-2	2005	Similarly to reports on the S1P1 receptor, cationic and anionic residues in the third transmembrane domain (R3.28 and E3.29 at positions 124 and 125) form ion pairs with the phosphate and ammonium of S1P, and alanine mutations at these positions abolished specific S1P binding, S1P-induced receptor activation and cell migration.	Alanine	209-216	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
8262987-1	1993	Amino acid substitutions at Thr199 of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) (Thr199--&gt;Ser, Ala, Val, and Pro) were characterized to investigate the importance of a conserved hydrogen bonding network.	Alanine	91-94	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	44-65
31244528-6	2019	PYY(1-36) and (P3L31P34)PYY(1-36) induced significant reductions in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from BRIN BD11 cells, but only PYY(1-36) diminished alanine-stimulated insulin secretion.	Alanine	164-171	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
8262987-1	1993	Amino acid substitutions at Thr199 of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) (Thr199--&gt;Ser, Ala, Val, and Pro) were characterized to investigate the importance of a conserved hydrogen bonding network.	Alanine	91-94	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
31133701-2	2019	During this process, the protein Rqc2 and the large ribosomal subunit elongate stalled polypeptides with carboxy-terminal alanine and threonine residues (CAT tails).	Alanine	122-129	Rqc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
8227327-3	1993	By substituting the ZP3 peptides with a single alanine, four amino acids within the ZP3 peptide were found to be important for ovarian autoimmune disease, autoantibody response, and stimulation of the ZP3-specific T cell clone.	Alanine	47-54	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	84-87
8227327-3	1993	By substituting the ZP3 peptides with a single alanine, four amino acids within the ZP3 peptide were found to be important for ovarian autoimmune disease, autoantibody response, and stimulation of the ZP3-specific T cell clone.	Alanine	47-54	zona pellucida glycoprotein 3	Mus musculus	84-87
15863511-9	2005	Mutating two glutamic acids into two alanines generates peptide D2A-Ala, which lacks chemotactic activity but inhibits VN-, FN-, and collagen-dependent cell migration.	Alanine	68-71	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	119-121
15888547-12	2005	Cells expressing a mutant form of Shc with the four prolines substituted with alanines showed no Shc/SHPS-1 association in response to IGF-I.	Alanine	78-86	SHC adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
30598510-3	2019	In accord with the proposed specificity-determining role of these residues, BG bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) weakly or not at all, and TGF-beta2 variants with the corresponding residues from BMP-2 bound BGZP-C more weakly than corresponding alanine variants.	Alanine	254-261	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	148-157
15894113-8	2005	These results identify that alanine-aspartic acid residues preceding the first cysteine at the NH(2)-terminus are essential for the binding and biological activity of Lkn-1.	Alanine	28-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 15	Homo sapiens	167-172
8218160-1	1993	The crystal structure of a human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) variant, cis-proline-202--&gt;alanine (P202A), has been determined at 1.7-A resolution, indicating that the wild-type geometry, including the cis-peptidyl linkage, is retained upon substitution of proline by alanine.	Alanine	92-99	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-54
8218160-1	1993	The crystal structure of a human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) variant, cis-proline-202--&gt;alanine (P202A), has been determined at 1.7-A resolution, indicating that the wild-type geometry, including the cis-peptidyl linkage, is retained upon substitution of proline by alanine.	Alanine	92-99	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
8218160-1	1993	The crystal structure of a human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) variant, cis-proline-202--&gt;alanine (P202A), has been determined at 1.7-A resolution, indicating that the wild-type geometry, including the cis-peptidyl linkage, is retained upon substitution of proline by alanine.	Alanine	270-277	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	33-54
8218160-1	1993	The crystal structure of a human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) variant, cis-proline-202--&gt;alanine (P202A), has been determined at 1.7-A resolution, indicating that the wild-type geometry, including the cis-peptidyl linkage, is retained upon substitution of proline by alanine.	Alanine	270-277	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	56-60
8399219-3	1993	In analogy with hen egg ovalbumin, where the same proteases all cleaved the polypeptide chain very specifically around Ala-352, Ala-323 of Mib-CK may be located in an exposed surface loop that is sensitive to protease attack.	Alanine	119-122	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	24-33
8399219-3	1993	In analogy with hen egg ovalbumin, where the same proteases all cleaved the polypeptide chain very specifically around Ala-352, Ala-323 of Mib-CK may be located in an exposed surface loop that is sensitive to protease attack.	Alanine	128-131	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	24-33
30816207-5	2019	Alanine substitution of residues within the CDB of XRCC1 disrupt DNA binding in vitro and lead to a significant reduction in XRCC1 retention at DNA damage sites without affecting initial recruitment.	Alanine	0-7	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
8370581-2	1993	In this variant a single amino acid substitution (alanine to aspartic acid) occurred at position 972 of the spectrin alpha-chain due to a point mutation (GCT to GAT) in the DNA.	Alanine	50-57	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	161-164
8102071-2	1993	The literature reported DPP-IV substrate specificity includes oligopeptides with a penultimate Pro, Hyp or Ala residue.	Alanine	107-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Bos taurus	24-30
15901998-2	2005	A genetic polymorphism of the GSTO1 gene causing an alanine-to-aspartate (A140D) substitution in amino acid 140 produces a variant with lowered enzyme activities in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic, a common contaminant of drinking water in many regions of the world and a well-known carcinogen.	Alanine	52-59	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
30816207-5	2019	Alanine substitution of residues within the CDB of XRCC1 disrupt DNA binding in vitro and lead to a significant reduction in XRCC1 retention at DNA damage sites without affecting initial recruitment.	Alanine	0-7	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
8344932-6	1993	Analysis of the amino acid composition of elastin-derived peptide indicates the presence of alanine, glycine, and richness in hydrophobic residues, suggesting that these residues are involved in elastase interaction(s).	Alanine	92-99	elastin	Homo sapiens	42-49
30554144-6	2019	Most notably, a single serine-to-alanine substitution in the first of its two TM domains rendered MARCH9 completely unable to alter the surface levels of two different substrates: the major histocompatibility class I molecule HLA-A2 and the T-cell co-receptor CD4.	Alanine	33-40	membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 9	Homo sapiens	98-104
7688509-1	1993	An anti-peptide antibody was raised against the sequence Thr-Gly-Ala-Leu-Phe-Lys-His-Ser-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Lys which occurs at positions 283-294 in the rat cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1A2.	Alanine	65-68	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	173-179
15905546-8	2005	CD229-CD229 binding was severely compromised when the charged amino acids E27 and E29 on the predicted B-C loop and R89 on the F-G loop of the N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	177-184	lymphocyte antigen 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
15905546-8	2005	CD229-CD229 binding was severely compromised when the charged amino acids E27 and E29 on the predicted B-C loop and R89 on the F-G loop of the N-terminal domain were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	177-184	lymphocyte antigen 9	Homo sapiens	6-11
15997185-8	2005	On the other hand, for Apoa4, the most striking polymorphism was the number of Glu-Gln-Ala/Val-Gln repeats in carboxyl end; however, this might not be responsible for QTLs.	Alanine	87-90	apolipoprotein A-IV	Mus musculus	23-28
30583861-3	2019	Because Ebselen was found to crosslink with the peptide (AA299-341) at the active site of E.coli GDH, the Cys, Pro, and Lys residues of the corresponding peptide were mutagenized to Ala residues.	Alanine	182-185	glutamate dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli	97-100
15581423-6	2005	The cysteine switch mutants [C184A (Cys184--&gt;Ala)] of TACE resembled the wild-type functionally and in their sensitivity to inhibitors.	Alanine	48-51	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	57-61
8389908-4	1993	Substitution of the serine residue of the putative catalytic triad (H, D, and S) by alanine blocked cleavage at the NS3/4 junction, while processing between NS2 and NS3 was not affected.	Alanine	84-91	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	116-119
15584898-7	2005	Although tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the inhibitory activity of Spry4 on a Ras/MAP kinase pathway, mutation of the corresponding tyrosine residue (Tyr-75 in human Spry4) to an alanine had no apparent effect on its inhibitory actions on TESK1 activity and cell spreading, which suggests a novel cellular function of Spry to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, independent of its inhibitory activity on the Ras/MAP kinase signalling.	Alanine	189-196	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
30292757-6	2018	As expected, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36) inhibited (P &lt; 0.05-P &lt; 0.001) glucose- and alanine-stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 beta-cells.	Alanine	87-94	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
15584898-7	2005	Although tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the inhibitory activity of Spry4 on a Ras/MAP kinase pathway, mutation of the corresponding tyrosine residue (Tyr-75 in human Spry4) to an alanine had no apparent effect on its inhibitory actions on TESK1 activity and cell spreading, which suggests a novel cellular function of Spry to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, independent of its inhibitory activity on the Ras/MAP kinase signalling.	Alanine	189-196	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 4	Homo sapiens	176-181
15863367-8	2005	Cells transfected with a PLSCR1 mutant that contained an alanine substitution at its known PKC-delta phosphorylation site underwent UV induced apoptosis at a level similar to those transfected with wild type PLSCR1.	Alanine	57-64	phospholipid scramblase 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
8509414-11	1993	Certain conservative mutations that should not alter significantly the overall hydrophobicity or helicity of the tethering region (e.g. replacement of Leu with Ala) diminish the RII beta binding activity of AKAP75.	Alanine	160-163	protein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	178-186
8509414-11	1993	Certain conservative mutations that should not alter significantly the overall hydrophobicity or helicity of the tethering region (e.g. replacement of Leu with Ala) diminish the RII beta binding activity of AKAP75.	Alanine	160-163	A-kinase anchoring protein 5	Homo sapiens	207-213
8316251-7	1993	In contrast, substitution of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala reduced the internalization of labeled IGF-I to 35% that of wild-type IGF-IR.	Alanine	41-44	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	115-121
8316251-8	1993	Substitution of 1003Lys--&gt;Ala abolished IGF-IR internalization, as expected.	Alanine	29-32	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	43-49
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Alanine	24-31	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Homo sapiens	55-59
15644313-9	2005	Replacement of a single alanine residue in the pore of HCN1 (Ala-352) by an arginine residue present in HCN2 at equivalent position (Arg-405) induced HCN2-type chloride sensitivity in HCN1.	Alanine	24-31	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Homo sapiens	184-188
15767445-9	2005	Finally, a substitution of an alanine residue in place of a cysteine residue in the C-terminal V-unique region known to be required for STAT1 degradation and inhibition of anti-IFN signaling resulted in the loss of V protein function to inhibit the Y701-STAT1 and Y689-STAT2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-37	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
15767445-9	2005	Finally, a substitution of an alanine residue in place of a cysteine residue in the C-terminal V-unique region known to be required for STAT1 degradation and inhibition of anti-IFN signaling resulted in the loss of V protein function to inhibit the Y701-STAT1 and Y689-STAT2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-37	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	254-259
15767445-9	2005	Finally, a substitution of an alanine residue in place of a cysteine residue in the C-terminal V-unique region known to be required for STAT1 degradation and inhibition of anti-IFN signaling resulted in the loss of V protein function to inhibit the Y701-STAT1 and Y689-STAT2 phosphorylation.	Alanine	30-37	signal transducer and activator of transcription 2	Homo sapiens	269-274
15798205-6	2005	The mutant that substitutes the triple lysine residues (Lys101, Lys102, and Lys103) within the PLD2-PX domain with alanine abolishes interaction with the PKCzeta-kinase domain and activation of PKCzeta.	Alanine	115-122	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	95-99
15798205-6	2005	The mutant that substitutes the triple lysine residues (Lys101, Lys102, and Lys103) within the PLD2-PX domain with alanine abolishes interaction with the PKCzeta-kinase domain and activation of PKCzeta.	Alanine	115-122	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	154-161
15798205-6	2005	The mutant that substitutes the triple lysine residues (Lys101, Lys102, and Lys103) within the PLD2-PX domain with alanine abolishes interaction with the PKCzeta-kinase domain and activation of PKCzeta.	Alanine	115-122	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	194-201
15632116-0	2005	Cellular stability of serotonin N-acetyltransferase conferred by phosphonodifluoromethylene alanine (Pfa) substitution for Ser-205.	Alanine	92-99	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	22-51
15623516-4	2005	Among the amino acid differences between the two pigments, only one (alanine in zebrafish and serine in goldfish at residue 94) was previously known to cause a difference in absorption spectrum (14-nm lambdamax shift in newt SWS2).	Alanine	69-76	opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive 2	Danio rerio	225-229
15649974-10	2005	The neutral amino acid alanine replaced serine/threonine at phosphorylation sites to change the conserved phosphorylation motif in order to mimic the dephosphorylated state of prestin, whereas replacement with the negatively charged aspartic acid mimicked the phosphorylated state.	Alanine	23-30	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	176-183
15590638-3	2005	Hence, a PKD1 mutant with alanine substituted at positions 744 and 748 (PKD-S744A/S748A) is catalytically inactive.	Alanine	26-33	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	9-13
15590638-3	2005	Hence, a PKD1 mutant with alanine substituted at positions 744 and 748 (PKD-S744A/S748A) is catalytically inactive.	Alanine	26-33	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	9-12
15644442-3	2005	We characterized this signal in the virulence protein VirF by alanine scanning and further site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	62-69	hypothetical protein	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	54-58
15634919-8	2005	Thus, the alanine substitution at position 408 in tapasin may interfere with the stable acquisition by MHC class I molecules of peptides that are sufficiently optimal to allow MHC class I release from tapasin.	Alanine	10-17	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	103-106
15634919-8	2005	Thus, the alanine substitution at position 408 in tapasin may interfere with the stable acquisition by MHC class I molecules of peptides that are sufficiently optimal to allow MHC class I release from tapasin.	Alanine	10-17	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	176-179
16301825-10	2005	Mutation of Ser to Asp or Ala in the putative phosphorylation consensus sequence in KCNQ4 significantly decreased the sensitivity to SGK1-coexpression.	Alanine	26-29	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	133-137
15781965-3	2005	Sequencing of the KCNK9 gene in the genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a well established genetic model of this disease, reveals an additional alanine residue in a polyalanine tract within the C-terminal intracellular domain.	Alanine	163-170	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 9	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	45-48	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	188-191	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	188-191	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	188-191	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	188-191	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	188-191	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15557674-5	2004	Fewer GPx-1 heterozygotes were verified by determining the frequency of highly polymorphic alanine repeat sequences in the same gene.	Alanine	91-98	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
15308623-6	2004	Mutation of serine 37 (a target of GSK3beta) to an alanine renders beta-catenin resistant to the degradatory action of PPARgamma.	Alanine	51-58	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	67-79
15304504-5	2004	Mutating the D-box by substituting alanines at amino acids 174 and 177 significantly increases the protein levels of Rac1 but not Rac1(pbrRhoA).	Alanine	35-43	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
15476952-4	2004	Alanine substitution of each residue of URP significantly reduced the binding affinity and the contractile activity of the peptides, except for the Ala8-substituted analog that retained biological activity.	Alanine	0-7	urotensin 2B	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
15313602-8	2004	Here, we have investigated the CRP-induced changes in CytR by protein footprinting and alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	87-94	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	31-34
15277208-5	2004	High-resolution NMR analysis of cardiac metabolites confirmed a significant decrease in the ratio of glycolytic end products (alanine + lactate) to end products of lipid metabolism (acetate) in PKC-delta(-/-) hearts.	Alanine	126-133	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	194-203
15265919-5	2004	Molecular modeling of mouse mast cell protease 6 identified four His residues, H35, H106, H108, and H238, that are conserved among pH-dependent tryptases and are exposed on the molecular surface, and these four His residues were mutated to Ala.	Alanine	240-243	tryptase beta 2	Mus musculus	28-48
15247771-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: The GPX1 Pro/Leu genotype may significantly increase the risk of bladder cancer and the increased risk may be modified by the Ala-9Val MnSOD polymorphism.	Alanine	139-142	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
15147956-6	2004	Expression of a mutated FoxO3, in which all three inhibitory phosphorylation sites were mutated to alanine, led to rapid increase of apoptotic cells in the presence of FL.	Alanine	99-106	forkhead box O3	Mus musculus	24-29
15158721-4	2004	We investigated the effect of RSL elongation on inhibitory activity of C1-Inh by insertion of one or two alanine residues in the RSL.	Alanine	105-112	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	71-77
15155875-10	2004	As suggested by the mutant phenotypes, ilr1 iar3 ill2 imbibed seeds and seedlings have lower IAA levels than wild type and accumulate IAA-Ala and IAA-Leu, conjugates that are substrates of the absent hydrolases.	Alanine	138-141	IAA-leucine resistant (ILR)-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
15163406-6	2004	By contrast, aphidicolin-treated extracts containing mutants of Claspin with alanine substitutions at positions 906 or 934 (T906A or S934A) are unable to undergo adaptation.	Alanine	77-84	claspin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	64-71
15134457-3	2004	Systematic alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed on the substrate-binding pocket as defined by the crystal structure of the 3alpha-HSD.NADP(+).testosterone ternary complex.	Alanine	11-18	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
14751844-6	2004	IGF-I (1-100 nM) stimulated the l-alanine uptake in myocytes at day 4 (maximum of 239%), reaching higher values of stimulation than insulin (100-1,000 nM) (maximum of 160%).	Alanine	32-41	insulin-like growth factor I	Oncorhynchus mykiss	0-5
14751844-10	2004	We conclude that IGF-I is more effective than insulin in stimulating glucose and alanine uptake in rainbow trout myosatellite cells and that the degree of stimulation changes when cells differentiate to myotubes.	Alanine	81-88	insulin-like growth factor I	Oncorhynchus mykiss	17-22
15078963-4	2004	We generated a series of alanine substitutions across helix 4 of TGMV AL1 and examined their impact on pRBR binding using yeast two-hybrid assays.	Alanine	25-32	ephrin A5	Homo sapiens	70-73
14966115-4	2004	Alteration of the -4F to alanine with concomitant substitution of a nearby residue to phenylalanine only partially restored Rsp5p activity, indicating that precise spatial placement of this residue is important.	Alanine	25-32	NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase	Homo sapiens	124-129
15096047-9	2004	Consistent with this notion, suv3 mutants containing alanine (A) or arginine (R) substitutions at the conserved lysine residue in the ATP binding site (K213) lost ATPase activity and also failed to unwind the substrates.	Alanine	53-60	Suv3 like RNA helicase	Homo sapiens	29-33
14734546-7	2004	Substitution of a conserved putative catalytic serine with alanine resulted in a complete loss of function, indicating that PGAP1 is the GPI inositol-deacylase.	Alanine	59-66	post-GPI attachment to proteins inositol deacylase 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
14734546-7	2004	Substitution of a conserved putative catalytic serine with alanine resulted in a complete loss of function, indicating that PGAP1 is the GPI inositol-deacylase.	Alanine	59-66	post-GPI attachment to proteins inositol deacylase 1	Homo sapiens	137-159
14701797-7	2004	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified residues Tyr(149), Phe(150), Gly(152), Phe(154), and Phe(156) as the key positions for chemerinR activation.	Alanine	0-7	chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1	Homo sapiens	127-136
14676204-6	2004	Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in an ovalicin-sensitive MetAP-1 allele, demonstrating that an alanine at this position is critical for inhibition by ovalicin.	Alanine	28-35	methionyl aminopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
15086792-6	2004	Mutation of these residues to alanine blocked ubiquitination and endocytosis of Ste6p, similar to the effect of deleting the entire A box, while substitution with glutamic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) suppressed the ubiquitination and endocytic defects.	Alanine	30-37	ATP-binding cassette a-factor transporter STE6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-85
14604990-8	2004	Mutating Ser486, which is phosphorylated in activated CISK, to Ala prevented the interaction, indicating that CISK and PDK-1 interact in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.	Alanine	63-66	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
14604990-8	2004	Mutating Ser486, which is phosphorylated in activated CISK, to Ala prevented the interaction, indicating that CISK and PDK-1 interact in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.	Alanine	63-66	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3	Homo sapiens	110-114
8496014-1	1993	Bombesin (Bn, pGlu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) is one of the most potent peptides, possessing a variety of physiological and pharmacological functions.	Alanine	47-50	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-8
8428916-0	1993	X-ray crystal structure of the Ala-109--&gt;Thr variant of human transthyretin which produces euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia.	Alanine	31-34	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	65-78
8428916-1	1993	The structure of the Ala-109--&gt;Thr mutation of human transthyretin, a nonamyloidogenic variant with enhanced thyroxine binding, has been determined by x-ray diffraction to a resolution of 1.7 A.	Alanine	21-24	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	56-69
8095302-0	1993	A transthyretin variant (alanine 71) associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in a French family.	Alanine	25-32	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	2-15
8381601-8	1993	These responses were reversed by addition of luminal glucose and alanine but not by depolarization by basolateral barium, suggesting that luminal glucose and alanine effects on pHi were due to changes other than cell potential.	Alanine	158-165	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	177-180
8419930-9	1993	The Cys-163--&gt;Ala mutation resulted in complete loss of nitrilase activity, clearly indicating that Cys-163 is crucial for the activity and Cys-162 could not provide the catalytic function of Cys-163.	Alanine	17-20	carbon-nitrogen hydrolase family protein	Alcaligenes faecalis	59-68
8390747-6	1993	Sequence analysis of the Kpnl-Pstl fragment of 17 hep syn revealed a single base pair change when compared to the 17 syn+ sequence, predicting an alanine (GCC codon) to valine (GTC codon) amino acid substitution at residue 825 of the mature gB protein, plus loss of an Ncol restriction endonuclease site.	Alanine	146-153	synemin	Homo sapiens	54-57
8390747-6	1993	Sequence analysis of the Kpnl-Pstl fragment of 17 hep syn revealed a single base pair change when compared to the 17 syn+ sequence, predicting an alanine (GCC codon) to valine (GTC codon) amino acid substitution at residue 825 of the mature gB protein, plus loss of an Ncol restriction endonuclease site.	Alanine	146-153	synemin	Homo sapiens	117-120
1472498-4	1992	(ii) Preferences at positions P3, P2, P1, P1", and P2" are for the hydrophobic amino acids Pro, Leu, Ala, Nva, and Trp, respectively.	Alanine	101-104	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	34-45
1282363-3	1992	pH titration effects on the C-terminal Ala 58 H beta chemical shift indicate that the structure of 1-BPTI at neutral pH is very similar to that of the WT protein, with a salt bridge between the main chain terminal charges.	Alanine	39-42	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	101-105
1358756-5	1992	Mere replacement of the single corresponding alanine residue in the Oct-2 homeo domain with the key glutamic acid residue is sufficient to confer on the Oct-2 homeo domain the ability to associate with VP16 in vitro and respond to VP16-induced positive control in vivo.	Alanine	45-52	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
1358756-5	1992	Mere replacement of the single corresponding alanine residue in the Oct-2 homeo domain with the key glutamic acid residue is sufficient to confer on the Oct-2 homeo domain the ability to associate with VP16 in vitro and respond to VP16-induced positive control in vivo.	Alanine	45-52	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
1358756-5	1992	Mere replacement of the single corresponding alanine residue in the Oct-2 homeo domain with the key glutamic acid residue is sufficient to confer on the Oct-2 homeo domain the ability to associate with VP16 in vitro and respond to VP16-induced positive control in vivo.	Alanine	45-52	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	202-206
1358756-5	1992	Mere replacement of the single corresponding alanine residue in the Oct-2 homeo domain with the key glutamic acid residue is sufficient to confer on the Oct-2 homeo domain the ability to associate with VP16 in vitro and respond to VP16-induced positive control in vivo.	Alanine	45-52	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	231-235
1644189-3	1992	Only one of these differences (Ser----Ala at position 242 of TM5) is near to regions implicated in ligand binding by G protein-coupled receptors.	Alanine	38-41	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	61-64
1599439-2	1992	Amino acid deprivation of confluent monolayers of the bovine renal epithelial cell line NBL-1 causes a stimulation of Na(+)-dependent alanine transport.	Alanine	134-141	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Bos taurus	88-93
1542262-7	1992	Insulin caused dose-dependent reductions in circulating concentrations of alpha-amino N, alanine, D-3-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol, but not nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).	Alanine	89-96	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	0-7
1542262-8	1992	T4 treatment increased the sensitivity and responsiveness of alpha-amino N and alanine concentrations to insulin, the sensitivity of D-3-hydroxybutyrate (all P less than .05), and the responsiveness of glycerol to insulin (P less than .01).	Alanine	79-86	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	105-112
1550853-1	1992	(1) In the bovine renal epithelial cell line NBL-1, transport of alanine and glutamine is highly Na(+)-dependent while the transport of leucine and phenylalanine is also stimulated by Na+ although to a much lesser extent.	Alanine	65-72	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Bos taurus	45-50
1722966-1	1991	P62 is a synthetic peptide which corresponds to the glycine/alanine repeat sequence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1.	Alanine	60-67	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	0-3
1750798-18	1991	For insulin dependent diabetes mellitus it has been shown that the MHC determined susceptibility to the disease is conferred by neutral residues (Val, Ser, Ala), at position 57 of the DQ beta chain, while Asp at this position correlates with resistance.	Alanine	156-159	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	67-70
1923818-7	1991	Sc-GAL11 has glutamine-alanine runs but in Kl-GAL11 the alanines in such runs are replaced by proline and other residues.	Alanine	23-30	Gal11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	3-8
1923818-7	1991	Sc-GAL11 has glutamine-alanine runs but in Kl-GAL11 the alanines in such runs are replaced by proline and other residues.	Alanine	56-64	Gal11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-51
1874742-7	1991	The amino-terminal sequence of AGP-(b) contained an alanine-hydroxyproline repeat.	Alanine	52-59	orosomucoid 2	Homo sapiens	31-37
1749365-2	1991	Anastomosis alone resulted in increased CSF concentrations of glutamine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, glutamate and alanine.	Alanine	89-96	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1749365-4	1991	Onset of severe neurological symptoms following ammonium acetate administration resulted in selectively increased CSF alanine.	Alanine	118-125	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
1749365-6	1991	Increased CSF alanine probably results from increased glutamine transamination in the brains of portacaval shunted rats.	Alanine	14-21	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2034689-3	1991	The alanine substitutions that were most disruptive to hormone binding are located predominantly in four segments of a cysteine-rich domain in the hGHbp, and collectively they form a patch when mapped upon a structural model proposed for cytokine receptors.	Alanine	4-11	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	147-152
1902476-11	1991	The RP-4 had a unique amino-terminal amino sequence and was rich in Gly, Pro, Glx, and Ala residues.	Alanine	87-90	RGD1559532	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
2009266-4	1991	However, the site of thrombin-catalyzed cleavage, which in other species consists of an Arg-Gly peptide bond, is instead an Arg-Ala bond in the chicken beta chain.	Alanine	128-131	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Gallus gallus	21-29
1706595-0	1991	Endogenous cleavage of the Arg-379-Ala-380 bond in vitronectin results in a distinct conformational change which "buries" Ser-378, its site of phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Activation of blood platelets by thrombin was previously shown to specifically release protein kinase A, which in human plasma singles out and phosphorylates one protein, identified as vitronectin.	Alanine	35-38	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	51-62
1706595-0	1991	Endogenous cleavage of the Arg-379-Ala-380 bond in vitronectin results in a distinct conformational change which "buries" Ser-378, its site of phosphorylation by protein kinase A. Activation of blood platelets by thrombin was previously shown to specifically release protein kinase A, which in human plasma singles out and phosphorylates one protein, identified as vitronectin.	Alanine	35-38	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	365-376
1706595-5	1991	Cleavage of the Arg-379-Ala-380 bond results therefore in a conformationally distinct form of vitronectin in which Ser-378 is "buried".	Alanine	24-27	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	94-105
1985965-3	1991	Exposure of vesicles to p-bromophenacyl bromide and methyl p-nitrobenzenesulfonate, which share with DEPC reactivity against histidine residues, also led to inhibition of alanine transport through systems A and ASC.	Alanine	171-178	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
2248952-0	1990	Glycine to alanine substitutions in helices of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: effects on stability.	Alanine	11-18	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Gallus gallus	47-87
2167883-3	1990	Using antigen presenting cells from an extensive panel of donors whose HLA-DQ molecules and genes had been established, it could be demonstrated that alanine at residue 57 of the DQ beta chain played a critical role in presentation of herpes simplex virus--derived antigen(s) to T cells.	Alanine	150-157	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	179-186
2222530-1	1990	A method has been developed for the analysis of deuterium oxide solutions of tritiated alanine eight-component isotopic mixtures by using high resolution 3H and 1H NMR spectra at frequencies 266.8 and 500.13 MHc, respectively.	Alanine	87-94	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	208-211
2349233-1	1990	A 96-kDa protein predicted by the DNA sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PRP5 gene contains a domain that bears a striking resemblance to a family of RNA helicases characterized by the conserved amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (D-E-A-D).	Alanine	229-232	DEAD-box RNA helicase PRP5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	79-83
2369615-4	1990	The stereochemical characteristics of Aib and Ala residues were made clear by a comparison of the conformations of the short peptides containing both Aib and Ala residues.	Alanine	46-49	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	150-153
2369615-4	1990	The stereochemical characteristics of Aib and Ala residues were made clear by a comparison of the conformations of the short peptides containing both Aib and Ala residues.	Alanine	158-161	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	38-41
2383647-3	1990	The synthesis of some repetitive sequences of elastin and their simplified analogues, all comprising the structural unit Gly-X-Gly (X = Val, Leu, Ala), is described.	Alanine	146-149	elastin	Homo sapiens	46-53
2164495-3	1990	On the other hand, enzymes like alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline and acid phosphatase showed remarkable decrease in activity in PCB fed animals.	Alanine	32-39	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
33970782-4	2021	H. pylori preferentially cleaves the cytoplasmic domain of JAM-A at Alanine 285.	Alanine	68-75	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-64
15496467-4	2004	Our results with mutation of the conserved Ala to Gly in two S lipoxygenases (mouse 8S-LOX and human 15-LOX-2) and the corresponding Gly-Ala substitution in two R lipoxygenases (human 12R-LOX and coral 8R-LOX) reveal that the basis for R or S stereo-control also involves a switch in the position of oxygenation on the substrate.	Alanine	43-46	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type	Homo sapiens	184-191
34899310-11	2021	Subsequent serum amino acids investigation indicated that several diabetes associated amino acids, like branched-chain amino acids, tryptophan and alanine, were altered in company with Rb1 supplementation.	Alanine	147-154	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	185-188
34900242-6	2021	The best interacting sites of galactomannan included ASN-437, SER 373, TRP-436, ASN-343, and ALA 344 with a mean binding energy of -7.4 kcal/mol; and the best interacting sites of betulinic acid were ASN-437, SER 373, TRP-436, PHE 342, ARG 509, and ALA 344 that strongly interacted with the S-protein (DeltaG = -8.1 kcal/mol).	Alanine	93-96	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	291-300
34900242-6	2021	The best interacting sites of galactomannan included ASN-437, SER 373, TRP-436, ASN-343, and ALA 344 with a mean binding energy of -7.4 kcal/mol; and the best interacting sites of betulinic acid were ASN-437, SER 373, TRP-436, PHE 342, ARG 509, and ALA 344 that strongly interacted with the S-protein (DeltaG = -8.1 kcal/mol).	Alanine	249-252	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	291-300
34678095-0	2021	Epitope Mapping of the Anti-CD44 Monoclonal Antibody (C44Mab-46) Using Alanine-Scanning Mutagenesis and Surface Plasmon Resonance.	Alanine	71-78	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-32
34638995-6	2021	Computational structural modeling predicts that substitution of a threonine for an alanine p.(Ala785Thr) results in the formation of three new hydrogen bonds with the neighboring residues, which causes misfolding of EPHA2 in both scenarios.	Alanine	83-90	EPH receptor A2	Homo sapiens	216-221
34591433-6	2021	In patients with mastopathy, there was a reliable increase in the frequency of 307Ala/Ala and 680Ser/Ser genotypes of FSHR gene (chi2 = 6.39, p = 0.012, OR = 4.49 (1.48-13.65)) as compared to patients without mastopathy.	Alanine	86-89	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
34465787-7	2021	Mutation of cyclin E1 T62 to alanine increased cyclin E1 stability.	Alanine	29-36	cyclin E1	Homo sapiens	47-56
34153319-6	2021	Disruption of betaIV-spectrin/CaMKII interaction or alanine substitution of betaIV-spectrin Ser2250 (betaIV-S2250A) prevented CaMKII-induced degradation, while a phospho-mimetic construct (betaIV-S2254E) showed accelerated degradation in the absence of CaMKII.	Alanine	52-59	spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 4	Homo sapiens	76-91
30292757-6	2018	As expected, PYY(1-36) and PYY(3-36) inhibited (P &lt; 0.05-P &lt; 0.001) glucose- and alanine-stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 beta-cells.	Alanine	87-94	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
30129165-8	2018	The results indicated that the primary variances between SHP2-WT and SHP2-E76K were the different interactions between Glu/Lys 76 and Arg 265, Tyr 80 and Leu 77, Leu 77 and Tyr 81, Thr 73 and Glu 258, Ala 75 and Cys 259, Phe 71 and Tyr 81, Ala 75 and Glu 258, and Tyr 73 and Glu/Lys 76.	Alanine	201-204	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	57-61
34134969-8	2021	Genetic analysis suggested a heterozygous c.53_54delTG mutation in exon 1 in the NDUFV1 gene of complex I, which caused a frameshift starting with the codon valine 18, thus changing the amino acid to an Alanine residue and creating a premature stop codon at position 20 of the new reading frame (p.Val18AlafsX20).	Alanine	203-210	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1	Homo sapiens	81-87
30352950-7	2018	Sequence alignment showed that the activation loop of Fgr was distinct from that of all other Src family members, with proline rather than alanine at the +2 position relative to the activation loop tyrosine.	Alanine	139-146	FGR proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
35624818-8	2022	Furthermore, the combined presence of GSTP1 Ile and GSTO1 Ala alleles exhibited cumulative risk regarding long-COVID myalgia in carriers of the combined GPX1 LeuLeu/GPX3 CC genotype.	Alanine	58-61	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
35624818-8	2022	Furthermore, the combined presence of GSTP1 Ile and GSTO1 Ala alleles exhibited cumulative risk regarding long-COVID myalgia in carriers of the combined GPX1 LeuLeu/GPX3 CC genotype.	Alanine	58-61	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
30145885-6	2018	Importantly, the differential depositions of ALA and its long-chain n-3 fatty acids in plasma and ER membranes were observed, concomitant with the rescued ER unfolded protein response and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in mice liver.	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	188-209
35451487-5	2022	In mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, substitution of S31 with an alanine residue (H3.3 A31 -phosphorylation null mutant) results in increased KDM4B activity that removes H3K9me3 from telomeres.	Alanine	64-71	lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4B	Mus musculus	141-146
30145885-6	2018	Importantly, the differential depositions of ALA and its long-chain n-3 fatty acids in plasma and ER membranes were observed, concomitant with the rescued ER unfolded protein response and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling in mice liver.	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	211-214
35216969-6	2022	In addition, a DEPTOR mutant with a serine-to-alanine substitution at S235 could only be expressed upon concurrent proteasome inhibition.	Alanine	46-53	DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein	Homo sapiens	15-21
30016752-2	2018	The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of PDT with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) used in sub-lethal dose on the interleukins secretion (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10) by the residual colon cancer cells (CCC) under hypoxia-like conditions (addition of cobalt chloride- CoCl2).	Alanine	90-93	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	169-174
30016752-6	2018	After ALA-PDT we found no change in the IL-6 level secreted by SW480 cells, but decrease of IL-6, IL-10 secretion by SW620 cells, an increase in the IL-8 secreted by both cells lines.	Alanine	6-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	98-103
30224590-3	2018	Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) supposedly affect their functions: GSTO1*C419A (rs4925) causing alanine to aspartate substitution (*A140D) and GSTO2*A424G (rs156697) causing asparagine to aspartate substitution (*N142D), and have been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases and cancers.	Alanine	114-121	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
35023164-2	2022	Here, we show that homozygous Rb K4 and Rb K7 knock-in mice, in which either four or all seven phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal region of pRb, respectively, have been abolished by Ser/Thr-to-Ala substitutions, undergo normal embryogenesis and early development, notwithstanding suppressed phosphorylation of additional upstream sites.	Alanine	198-201	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	145-148
34893887-5	2022	ZEBRA preferentially binds the meZRE over the AP-1 site but mutating the ZEBRA-specific serine to alanine inverts this selectivity and abrogates viral replication.	Alanine	98-105	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	46-50
14762086-2	2004	Until now, 2 alleles, the lysine variant (increasing fat yield, fat and protein percentage) and the alanine variant (increasing protein and milk yield), were postulated at DGAT1.	Alanine	100-107	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	172-177
29976672-4	2018	Alanine replacement of one of the identified phosphorylation sites in UL51, serine 184 (Ser-184), but not the other identified phosphorylation sites, significantly reduced viral replication and cell-cell spread in HaCaT cells.	Alanine	0-7	tegument protein UL51	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	70-74
29891613-3	2018	Using a combined approach based on NMR spectroscopy, synthesis and in vitro testing of all Ala-scan mutants of the peptide and molecular docking/molecular dynamics, we have generated a detailed model of the AIF (370-394)/CypA complex.	Alanine	91-94	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	207-210
14722262-2	2004	To study the role of the Env sorting motif (Y712XXL) in infectivity, the incorporation of Env into virions, and viral entry, we disrupted the motif with a tyrosine-to-alanine substitution.	Alanine	167-174	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	25-28
30019944-5	2018	Based on the investigation of the binding modes of the ligands to the CCR5 protein, the TYR and ALA have more tendency to bind to the ligand moieties.	Alanine	96-99	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	70-74
14999017-5	2004	Alanine substitutions indicated that seven proline residues in this region, four in the PxY repeats, and four tyrosine residues in the PxY repeats are crucial for the binding affinity with ALG-2.	Alanine	0-7	ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	189-194
29735733-3	2018	In apo-GroEL, the nucleotide-binding sites of different rings are connected to one another by the interaction of the e-amino group of lysine 105 of one helix D across the twofold axis with the negatively charged carbonyl oxygen atom of alanine 109 at the C-terminus of the other helix D. Upon binding ATP, the K105-A109 salt bridge breaks and both helices move apart by approximately 3.5 A en bloc toward the ATP.	Alanine	236-243	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	7-12
14708128-7	2003	Similarly, phosphofructokinase and ATPase are identified as promising knockout targets to complement the removal of pyruvate formate lyase and pyruvate dehydrogenase for enhancing the yield of alanine.	Alanine	193-200	ATPase	Escherichia coli	35-41
14645582-4	2003	For this purpose, we substituted alanines for two basic amino acids within NS1 (R38 and K41) that were previously found to be required for RNA binding.	Alanine	33-41	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	75-78
29510260-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: ALA-PDT in sublethal doses might influence colon cancer cell"s progression and invasion by reducing the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and increasing the IL-8 concentration with higher values in the more malignant cell line.	Alanine	13-16	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	136-141
29618650-7	2018	An alanine scan of SIVmac239 Vif revealed several residues required for human APOBEC3B degradation activity.	Alanine	3-10	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	29-32
14585986-4	2003	Of the tested mutations, replacement of six lysine residues with alanine (Gata1KA6), which inhibited self-association activity of Gata1, reduced the Gata1-dependent induction of reporter gene expression driven by the zebra fish gata1 hematopoietic regulatory domain (gata1 HRD).	Alanine	65-72	GATA binding protein 1a	Danio rerio	74-79
14585986-4	2003	Of the tested mutations, replacement of six lysine residues with alanine (Gata1KA6), which inhibited self-association activity of Gata1, reduced the Gata1-dependent induction of reporter gene expression driven by the zebra fish gata1 hematopoietic regulatory domain (gata1 HRD).	Alanine	65-72	GATA binding protein 1a	Danio rerio	130-135
14585986-4	2003	Of the tested mutations, replacement of six lysine residues with alanine (Gata1KA6), which inhibited self-association activity of Gata1, reduced the Gata1-dependent induction of reporter gene expression driven by the zebra fish gata1 hematopoietic regulatory domain (gata1 HRD).	Alanine	65-72	GATA binding protein 1a	Danio rerio	228-233
14585986-4	2003	Of the tested mutations, replacement of six lysine residues with alanine (Gata1KA6), which inhibited self-association activity of Gata1, reduced the Gata1-dependent induction of reporter gene expression driven by the zebra fish gata1 hematopoietic regulatory domain (gata1 HRD).	Alanine	65-72	GATA binding protein 1a	Danio rerio	267-272
14517972-6	2003	The results reveal a dominant role of the intermolecular van der Waals interactions in providing favorable ligand-protein energetics in the redesigned interface, in agreement with the experimental and computational alanine scanning of the hGH-hGHbp complex.	Alanine	215-222	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	243-248
29678905-4	2018	We now demonstrate that XIAP is phosphorylated by GSK3 at threonine 180, and that an alanine mutant (XIAPT180A) exhibits decreased Wnt activity compared to wild-type XIAP in cultured human cells and in Xenopus embryos.	Alanine	85-92	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	101-105
12815053-9	2003	Plk1 interacts with BRCA2 in vivo, and mutation of Ser193, Ser205/206, and Thr203/207 to Ala in BR-N1 abolished Plk1 phosphorylation, suggesting that BRCA2 is the substrate of Plk1.	Alanine	89-92	BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	150-155
12816539-9	2003	Consequently, mutants of human CK2alpha in which either V66 (the homologue of maize CK2alpha I66) or I174 is replaced by alanine are considerably less sensitive to IQA inhibition when compared with wild-type.	Alanine	121-128	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	31-39
12930972-6	2003	A Thr506--&gt;Ala RF-Cp145 domain B mutant is a poor in vitro substrate for cdk-cyclin kinase and, consequently, the ability of this mutant to bind PCNA was not suppressed by phosphorylation.	Alanine	14-17	replication factor C subunit 1	Homo sapiens	18-26
12892755-3	2003	Since both proline and alanine are important intracellular osmolytes in many marine invertebrates, GDH has been widely implicated as playing a central role in response to hyperosmotic stress in these organisms.	Alanine	23-30	Glutamate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	99-102
12925750-5	2003	The substitution of serine-79 in Sso1 with an alanine residue or the treatment of yeast with C2-ceramide, which results in the dephosphorylation of serine-79, both inhibit Vsm1 binding in vivo.	Alanine	46-53	syntaxin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
12837085-17	2003	NMR studies (NH resonance variations, low-temperature measurement, and NOESY) were performed for a CDCl(3) solution of peptide 1 and chiral additive, supporting the view that the N-terminal H-beta-Ala-Delta(Z)Phe-Aib, including the two free amide NH"s, captures effectively a Boc-amino acid molecule through three-point interactions.	Alanine	196-200	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	213-216
12684517-3	2003	We found that SNAT1 mediates transport of small, neutral, aliphatic amino acids including glutamine (K0.5 approximately 0.3 mm), alanine, and the System A-specific analogue 2-(methylamino)isobutyrate.	Alanine	129-136	solute carrier family 38 member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	14-19
12707263-11	2003	Furthermore, mutation of the conserved VLVLE sequence at the C-terminal end of the LID into five alanine residues makes Epac constitutively active.	Alanine	97-104	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
12797802-3	2003	The one having l-Ala-1 adopted trans-cis-trans-trans-trans-trans (t-c-t-t-t-t) amide configurations in the crystal, a type-VI beta-turn for residues 1-4 stabilized by one intramolecular hydrogen bond between Ala-4 NH and l-Ala-1 C = O, and in CDCl(3) existed as a mixture of six conformers, of which the major conformer was very similar to that in the crystal, but quite different from that of RA-VII in solution.	Alanine	17-20	lymphocyte antigen 6 complex	Mus musculus	223-228
12693945-2	2003	It is shown that the substitution of a single alanine residue by alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) completely alters both the conformation and the aggregation properties of the peptides.	Alanine	46-53	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	93-96
12693945-5	2003	In contrast, a single substitution at the center of peptide of alanine to Aib (X,Z = A,Aib) completely abolishes fibril formation and alters the conformation to a mixture of random coil and alpha-helix.	Alanine	63-70	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	74-77
12693945-5	2003	In contrast, a single substitution at the center of peptide of alanine to Aib (X,Z = A,Aib) completely abolishes fibril formation and alters the conformation to a mixture of random coil and alpha-helix.	Alanine	63-70	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	87-90
12522210-9	2003	In addition, the site-directed mutagenesis to an Ala residue in both terminal residues of the 33 amino acids revealed that Cys at amino acid 628 was determined to be critical for binding to the E2 protein.	Alanine	49-52	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 B	Homo sapiens	194-204
12573292-6	2003	We propose that the alanine-rich cross-linking domains exist as nascent helices in tropoelastin in aqueous solution.	Alanine	20-27	elastin	Homo sapiens	83-95
12475969-4	2003	We changed Gly at the P1"-position of the secondary site to Ala to produce eIF4G-1(DM).	Alanine	60-63	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1	Homo sapiens	75-82
12543651-4	2003	The RANTES analogues showed the same rank order (PSC &gt; NNY &gt; AOP) in their capacity to induce prolonged CCR5 internalization, inhibit surface reexpression, and prevent HIV-1 infection on MT-2 cells expressing wild-type CCR5 or CCR5 with four C-terminal serine phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine.	Alanine	299-306	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	4-10
12493610-3	2003	The current study examines the mechanisms involved in the movement of [(14)C]ALA across the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers in the rat.	Alanine	77-80	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
12493610-9	2003	In contrast, at the blood-CSF barrier, there was evidence of carrier-mediated [(14)C]ALA transport from blood to choroid plexus and blood to CSF.	Alanine	85-88	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
12493610-9	2003	In contrast, at the blood-CSF barrier, there was evidence of carrier-mediated [(14)C]ALA transport from blood to choroid plexus and blood to CSF.	Alanine	85-88	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
12493610-11	2003	However, experiments in choroid plexus epithelial cell primary cultures indicated that transport in these cells was polarized with [(14)C]ALA uptake from the apical (CSF) side being about 7-fold greater than uptake from the basolateral (blood) side.	Alanine	138-141	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
12509534-10	2003	A mutant form of NtADF1 with a nonphosphorylatable Ala substitution at its Ser-6 position [NtADF1(S6A)] shows increased activity, whereas the mutant NtADF1(S6D), which has a phospho-mimicking Asp substitution at the same position, shows reduced ability to counteract the effect of NtRac1.	Alanine	51-54	actin-depolymerizing factor 7-like	Nicotiana tabacum	17-23
12509534-10	2003	A mutant form of NtADF1 with a nonphosphorylatable Ala substitution at its Ser-6 position [NtADF1(S6A)] shows increased activity, whereas the mutant NtADF1(S6D), which has a phospho-mimicking Asp substitution at the same position, shows reduced ability to counteract the effect of NtRac1.	Alanine	51-54	actin-depolymerizing factor 7-like	Nicotiana tabacum	91-97
12509534-10	2003	A mutant form of NtADF1 with a nonphosphorylatable Ala substitution at its Ser-6 position [NtADF1(S6A)] shows increased activity, whereas the mutant NtADF1(S6D), which has a phospho-mimicking Asp substitution at the same position, shows reduced ability to counteract the effect of NtRac1.	Alanine	51-54	actin-depolymerizing factor 7-like	Nicotiana tabacum	91-97
12493827-5	2003	Complete alanine scanning of the 5-kD p85 fragment was used to identify the sequence recognition elements required for complex formation.	Alanine	9-16	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	38-41
12493827-6	2003	The alanine substitutions in the p85 5-kD fragment that abolished binding affinity with the cognate 9-kD fragment correlate well with highly conserved residues among SH2 domains that are either integrally involved in core packing or found at the interface between fragments.	Alanine	4-11	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	33-36
12465037-0	2002	A short Aib/Ala-based peptide helix is as stable as an Ala-based peptide helix double its length.	Alanine	12-15	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	8-11
12465037-0	2002	A short Aib/Ala-based peptide helix is as stable as an Ala-based peptide helix double its length.	Alanine	55-58	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	8-11
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	43-46	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	173-187
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	43-46	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	189-191
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	148-151	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	173-187
12699249-2	2002	We postulated that a first early course of ALA-PDT would increase protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation and thus the efficacy of a second course of ALA-PDT, by manipulating ferrochelatase (FC) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-d) activity.	Alanine	148-151	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	189-191
29921376-7	2018	The first phase of the study demonstrated that alanine and valine are essential to promote production of elastin, of which they are important constituents.	Alanine	47-54	elastin	Homo sapiens	105-112
29308900-3	2018	The objective of this study was to develop a 18F-labeled alanine derivative through displacing its carboxylate by trifluoroborate as a selective ASCT2 marker for cancer imaging.	Alanine	57-64	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	145-150
12200419-6	2002	Substitution of the conserved Glu(500) in CPTII with alanine or aspartate reduced the V(max) for both substrates, suggesting that Glu(500) may be important in stabilization of the enzyme-substrate complex.	Alanine	53-60	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
29293962-6	2018	Alanine substitution of the conserved Trp residue (Trp72) that is crucial to saccharide binding in other galectins, actually leads to enhanced erythrocyte agglutination, suggesting that Trp72 negatively regulates Gal-10 ligand binding.	Alanine	0-7	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	213-219
12403838-8	2002	Consistent with the importance of this residue, alanine replacement mutagenesis (R14A) resulted in substantial reductions in the potency (127-fold) and binding affinity (400-fold) of secretin relative to its action at the wild-type receptor.	Alanine	48-55	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	183-191
12379105-5	2002	The present study explores the role of GluT1 residues 326-343 (a proposed GluT1 ATP-binding site subdomain) in GluT1 ATP binding by using alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
12379105-5	2002	The present study explores the role of GluT1 residues 326-343 (a proposed GluT1 ATP-binding site subdomain) in GluT1 ATP binding by using alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	138-145	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
12379105-10	2002	Alanine substitution of E329 or G332/R333/R334 enhances GluT1.HA.H6 [gamma-32P]azidoATP photoincorporation but blocks acute modulation of net sugar transport by cellular metabolic inhibition.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
29289806-11	2018	PAR4-AP induced higher Ca2+ mobilization and ERK activation in platelets with Thr/Thr120 than Ala/Ala120.	Alanine	94-97	F2R like thrombin or trypsin receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
12144526-4	2002	A Thr--&gt;Ala mutation at Thr(38) of CPI-17 and Thr(57) of PHI-1 eliminated phosphorylation by ILK.	Alanine	11-14	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
12144526-4	2002	A Thr--&gt;Ala mutation at Thr(38) of CPI-17 and Thr(57) of PHI-1 eliminated phosphorylation by ILK.	Alanine	11-14	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14B	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
12374744-6	2002	Furthermore, Pak1 directly phosphorylated the activation function-2 domain of the ER at the N-terminal residue Ser305, and its mutation to Ala (S305A) abolished the Pak1-mediated phosphorylation and transactivation functions of the ER, while its mutation to glutamic acid (S305E) promoted transactivation activity of ER.	Alanine	139-142	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Mus musculus	13-17
12374744-6	2002	Furthermore, Pak1 directly phosphorylated the activation function-2 domain of the ER at the N-terminal residue Ser305, and its mutation to Ala (S305A) abolished the Pak1-mediated phosphorylation and transactivation functions of the ER, while its mutation to glutamic acid (S305E) promoted transactivation activity of ER.	Alanine	139-142	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1	Mus musculus	165-169
28754800-4	2017	Alanine at 111, locating around the FG-CC" loop of hTim-3, was necessary for its engulfment of apoptotic cells.	Alanine	0-7	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Homo sapiens	51-57
12392761-4	2002	The recombinant human ADAM-TS5, like ADAM-TS4 cleaves aggrecan at Glu(1480)-Gly(1481), Glu(1667)-Gly(1668), Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) and Glu(1871)-Leu(1872) bonds more readily than at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond.	Alanine	118-121	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	22-30
12392761-4	2002	The recombinant human ADAM-TS5, like ADAM-TS4 cleaves aggrecan at Glu(1480)-Gly(1481), Glu(1667)-Gly(1668), Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) and Glu(1871)-Leu(1872) bonds more readily than at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) bond.	Alanine	192-195	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	22-30
29299143-7	2017	Mutational analysis identifies the cytoplasmic tail of BST-2 as a novel regulator of cancer cell motility, because cell motility was significantly abrogated by substitution of the BST-2 cytoplasmic tail tyrosine residues to alanine residues.	Alanine	224-231	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
12215423-7	2002	The discrepancy between this observation and published studies can be traced to anomalous stability of the alanine-substituted GB1 variants typically used as reference states in double mutant-cycle analyses.	Alanine	107-114	gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Homo sapiens	127-130
29299143-7	2017	Mutational analysis identifies the cytoplasmic tail of BST-2 as a novel regulator of cancer cell motility, because cell motility was significantly abrogated by substitution of the BST-2 cytoplasmic tail tyrosine residues to alanine residues.	Alanine	224-231	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
12167711-4	2002	Mutants with serine-to-alanine substitutions between residues 244 and 260 abolished or at least reduced the capacity of Mdm2 to promote p53 degradation.	Alanine	23-30	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	120-124
29299143-10	2017	Collectively, our data reveal that i) BST-2-expressing breast cancer cells in spheroids are more motile than their BST-2-supressed counterparts; ii) BST-2 cytoplasmic tail regulates non-proteolytic (migration) and proteolytic (invasion) mechanisms of breast cancer cell motility; and iii) replacement of the tyrosine residues at positions 6 and 8 in the cytoplasmic tail of BST-2 with alanine residues inhibits cell motility.	Alanine	385-392	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
12063246-2	2002	The specificity constant for the phosphorylation of GST-Pyk1 and GST-Pyk2 by bovine catalytic subunit was in the range of the value for Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly (Kemptide).	Alanine	148-151	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Bos taurus	69-73
28888985-6	2017	Using alanine mutagenesis of ROS1, the epitope was found to harbor this sequence.	Alanine	6-13	ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	29-33
28813605-3	2017	In this study, the Asn and Ala positions of a reported AGRP macrocyclic scaffold (c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-DPro]) were explored with 14-compound and 8-compound libraries, respectively, to generate more potent, selective melanocortin receptor antagonists.	Alanine	27-30	agouti related neuropeptide	Homo sapiens	55-59
12182675-2	2002	In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7.	Alanine	150-157	complement C7	Homo sapiens	226-229
28575395-4	2017	We have developed a knock-in mouse model of OPMD (Pabpn1+/A17) that contains one alanine-expanded Pabpn1 allele under the control of the native promoter and one wild-type Pabpn1 allele.	Alanine	81-88	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	98-104
12130552-7	2002	In contrast, mutation of this tryptophan to alanine in mR2 decreased the rate of internalization and inhibited basal signaling activity.	Alanine	44-51	ribonucleotide reductase M2	Mus musculus	55-58
28570922-6	2017	A set of alanine substituted peptides of P14-2 was then synthesized to identify its critical residues for binding to HLA-DRB1*1501.	Alanine	9-16	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	41-44
12149404-4	2002	In a Slovenian POF patient, a novel 30 bp deletion was identified that was predicted to remove 10 out of 14 alanines (A221_A230del), from the polyalanine tract downstream of the winged helix/forkhead domain of the FOXL2 protein.	Alanine	108-116	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	214-219
28751611-2	2017	A second core RQC component, Rqc2p, modifies the nascent polypeptide by adding a carboxyl-terminal alanine and threonine (CAT) tail through a noncanonical elongation reaction.	Alanine	99-106	Rqc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-34
12077321-0	2002	Association of a lysine-232/alanine polymorphism in a bovine gene encoding acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) with variation at a quantitative trait locus for milk fat content.	Alanine	28-35	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	116-121
28457754-0	2017	Investigation of the structural requirements of K-Ras(G12D) selective inhibitory peptide KRpep-2d using alanine scans and cysteine bridging.	Alanine	104-111	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	48-53
12437102-3	2002	In addition, another proposed zinc binding ligand, H167, in the conserved (HEXXH) zinc binding motif of the meprin alpha protease domain was replaced by an alanine residue.	Alanine	156-163	meprin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	108-120
28457754-2	2017	Alanine scanning of KRpep-2d focusing on the cyclic moiety showed that Leu7, Ile9, and Asp12 are the key elements for K-Ras(G12D) selective inhibition of KRpep-2d.	Alanine	0-7	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	118-123
11940573-6	2002	Substitution of the phosphorylation sites of CK2 alpha with alanines resulted in decreased interactions between Pin1 and CK2.	Alanine	60-68	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	45-54
28363153-3	2017	The presence of residue Phe 131 in hCA II causes steric hindrance (U-CH3, 1765 nM; U-F, 960 nM; U-NO2, 15 nM) whereas in hCA IX (U-CH3, 7 nM; U-F, 45 nM; U-NO2, 1 nM) and hCA XII (U-CH3, 6 nM; U-F, 4 nM; U-NO2, 6 nM), 131 is a Val and Ala, respectively, allows for more favorable binding.	Alanine	235-238	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	35-41
12069848-4	2002	In the engineered form of SCD, lysyl residues at positions 33, 35, and 36 were mutated to alanine (SCD K/A).	Alanine	90-97	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	26-29
12069848-4	2002	In the engineered form of SCD, lysyl residues at positions 33, 35, and 36 were mutated to alanine (SCD K/A).	Alanine	90-97	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	99-102
28514450-8	2017	Further analyses showed that these epidemic strains have higher NS1 antigenaemia than the FSS13025 strain because of an alanine-to-valine amino acid substitution at residue 188 in NS1.	Alanine	120-127	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	180-183
12031624-3	2002	The second patient carried a G-to-C mutation, changing GCT (alanine) to CCT (proline) at codon 686 (A686P) in exon 17.	Alanine	60-67	CCT	Homo sapiens	72-75
28540283-2	2017	A common mutation (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of the homocysteine.	Alanine	30-33	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	49-84
11971195-2	2002	In the present study, we showed that when lysine residues 372, 373, 381, and 382 of p53 were substituted with alanine, the resulting A4 protein was resistant to MDM2-mediated proteosomal degradation but was highly sensitive to human papillomavirus E6-mediated proteolysis.	Alanine	110-117	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	161-165
11920572-0	2002	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of CCR3 reveals that the three intracellular loops are essential for functional receptor expression.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	32-36
28540283-2	2017	A common mutation (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of the homocysteine.	Alanine	30-33	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	86-91
28540283-2	2017	A common mutation (677C to T; Ala to Val) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene is associated with decreased specific MTHFR activity and elevation of the homocysteine.	Alanine	30-33	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	136-141
11901228-4	2002	A phenylalanine-to-alanine mutant in putative DAT transmembrane domain 3, F154A, retains normal dopamine uptake, lowers cocaine affinity 10-fold, and reduces cocaine stereospecificity.	Alanine	8-15	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	46-49
28536676-6	2017	Alanine mutants of basic and aromatic residues on HTE20N significantly reduced binding to the LigB.	Alanine	0-7	acyl-CoA thioesterase 8	Homo sapiens	50-56
11910024-0	2002	Analysis of serine proteinase-inhibitor interaction by alanine shaving.	Alanine	55-62	uterine milk protein	Bos taurus	12-39
11756401-6	2002	Furthermore, the affinity of the aptamer to the Y5 receptor-selective agonist [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY and the Y1/Y5 receptor-binding peptide [Leu(31),Pro(34)]NPY was considerably reduced, whereas Y2 receptor-specific NPY mutants were bound well by the aptamer.	Alanine	79-82	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	48-59
28457890-4	2017	Mutation of serine 65 in NANOG to alanine (S65A) alone has the most significant impact on increasing NANOG reprogramming capacity.	Alanine	34-41	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	25-30
28188227-8	2017	Deletion of Erap1 was permissive for the AS-like phenotype, increased mean peptide length and increased the frequency of C-terminal hydrophobic residues and of N-terminal Ala, Ser, or Lys.	Alanine	171-174	endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
11788583-4	2002	Transfection of K8 Ser-73 --&gt; Ala or K8 Ser-73 --&gt; Asp with K18 generates normal-appearing filaments.	Alanine	33-36	keratin 8	Homo sapiens	16-18
11788583-5	2002	In contrast, exposure to okadaic acid results in keratin filament destabilization in cells expressing wild-type or Ser-73 --&gt; Asp K8, whereas Ser-73 --&gt; Ala K8-expressing cells maintain relatively stable filaments.	Alanine	159-162	keratin 8	Homo sapiens	163-165
11801601-3	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues close to the intracellular end of H6 of the 5-HT2A receptor implicated glutamate Glu-318(6.30) in receptor activation, as also predicted by a newly constructed molecular model of the 5-HT2A receptor, which was based on the x-ray structure of bovine rhodopsin.	Alanine	0-7	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Bos taurus	85-91
11801601-3	2002	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of residues close to the intracellular end of H6 of the 5-HT2A receptor implicated glutamate Glu-318(6.30) in receptor activation, as also predicted by a newly constructed molecular model of the 5-HT2A receptor, which was based on the x-ray structure of bovine rhodopsin.	Alanine	0-7	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Bos taurus	224-230
11790768-5	2002	The effect of OA can be blocked by mutating three putative serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in hbeta4 (Thr-11/Ser-17/Ser-210) to alanines, suggesting that OA potentiates phosphorylation of hbeta4 and thereby suppresses its functional coupling to the slo channel.	Alanine	135-143	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
11883939-7	2002	The Ca(2+)-dependent fluorescence change of ALG-2 in the presence of the hydrophobicity fluorescent probe 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) was inhibited by mixing with GST-AnxN, suggesting that the Pro/Gly/Tyr/Ala-rich hydrophobic region in AnxN masked the Ca(2+)-dependently exposed hydrophobic surface of ALG-2.	Alanine	221-224	ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	44-49
28302150-4	2017	RESULTS: Here, we carried out double-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the first 60 amino acids of Vif and determined their effects on interaction with CBFbeta and their ability to induce A3G degradation as well as rescue HIV-1 replication in the presence of A3G.	Alanine	37-44	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	97-100
28302150-6	2017	A minimum of three alanine substitutions are required to completely abrogate the Vif-CBFbeta interaction and Vif"s ability to rescue HIV-1 infectivity in the presence of A3G.	Alanine	19-26	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	81-84
28302150-6	2017	A minimum of three alanine substitutions are required to completely abrogate the Vif-CBFbeta interaction and Vif"s ability to rescue HIV-1 infectivity in the presence of A3G.	Alanine	19-26	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	109-112
28266637-1	2017	We report a thermodynamic and structural analysis of six extensively simplified bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) variants containing 19-24 alanines out of 58 residues.	Alanine	149-157	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	80-115
11741908-2	2002	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this region revealed that Val(787), Val(790), and (792)NPKY(795) are critical for Icap1 alpha binding.	Alanine	0-7	integrin subunit beta 1 binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-125
28266637-1	2017	We report a thermodynamic and structural analysis of six extensively simplified bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) variants containing 19-24 alanines out of 58 residues.	Alanine	149-157	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	117-121
28357388-5	2017	The conversion of the three Ser/Thr to alanine led to a permanently active form of Coq7 that caused a 2.5-fold increase of CoQ6 levels, albeit decreased mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and oxidative stress resistance capacity.	Alanine	39-46	putative monooxygenase CAT5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
11870227-2	2002	This G(52)A point mutation in exon 2 of the LH beta gene, detected in heterozygous form in several normal DNA samples, caused an Ala(-3)Thr amino acid substitution.	Alanine	129-132	luteinizing hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	44-51
28357389-3	2017	In the work presented here we performed an alanine screen mutational analysis of several evolutionary conserved amino acid residues of FBP1, which were selected based on conserved residues and structural studies of mammalian and yeast homologues of FBP1.	Alanine	43-50	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
11861906-7	2002	Alanine substitution mutagenesis at Ser-387 and Ser-388 of eIF5 abolishes phosphorylation by the purified kinase as well as by crude reticulocyte lysates.	Alanine	0-7	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5	Homo sapiens	59-63
27852823-5	2017	In HPK1ARas cells, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-induced nuclear localization and interaction of hRXRalpha are restored when cells are treated with the MEK1/2 inhibitor UO126 or following transfection of the non-phosphorylatable hRXRalpha Ala-260 mutant.	Alanine	226-229	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-93
11704659-5	2002	Alteration of conserved leucine residues to alanine within Jab1/CSN5-NES abolished the interaction with CRM1 in vitro and impaired LMB-sensitive nuclear export and the ability to induce p27 breakdown in cultured cells.	Alanine	44-51	COP9 signalosome subunit 5	Homo sapiens	59-63
11704659-5	2002	Alteration of conserved leucine residues to alanine within Jab1/CSN5-NES abolished the interaction with CRM1 in vitro and impaired LMB-sensitive nuclear export and the ability to induce p27 breakdown in cultured cells.	Alanine	44-51	COP9 signalosome subunit 5	Homo sapiens	64-68
27852823-6	2017	Finally, we demonstrate using fluorescence loss in photobleaching and quantitative co-localization with chromatin that RXR immobilization and co-localization with chromatin are significantly increased in 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-treated HPK1ARas cells transfected with the non-phosphorylatable hRXRalpha Ala-260 mutant.	Alanine	296-299	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-122
27852823-6	2017	Finally, we demonstrate using fluorescence loss in photobleaching and quantitative co-localization with chromatin that RXR immobilization and co-localization with chromatin are significantly increased in 1alpha,25(OH)2D3-treated HPK1ARas cells transfected with the non-phosphorylatable hRXRalpha Ala-260 mutant.	Alanine	296-299	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	229-233
27768593-1	2017	The newly discovered short (9 amino acid) non-RGD S-S bridged cyclic peptide ALOS-4 (H-cycl(Cys-Ser-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ser-Leu-Phe-Cys)-OH), which binds to integrin alphavbeta3 is investigated as peptide carrier for targeted drug delivery against human metastatic melanoma.	Alanine	104-107	integrin subunit alpha V	Homo sapiens	149-169
11784370-2	2002	To investigate an involvement of genetic variations of synphilin-1 in development of sporadic PD, a possible single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of T131C corresponding to a valine (Val) to alanine (Ala) substitution at codon 44 in exon 3 of the synphilin-1 gene was studied in a Japanese population of 55 patients with sporadic PD and 61 patients with non-PD by direct sequencing analysis.	Alanine	190-197	synuclein alpha interacting protein	Homo sapiens	55-66
12496980-3	2002	The GPX1 gene has a GCG repeat polymorphism in exon 1, coding for a polyalanine tract of five to seven alanine residues.	Alanine	72-79	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
27959439-0	2017	Alanine and arginine rich domain containing protein, Aard, is directly regulated by androgen receptor in mouse Sertoli cells.	Alanine	0-7	androgen receptor	Mus musculus	84-101
11778950-2	2001	The present survey and clinical investigations have shown that 31 out of 50 silver refiners with a mean blood lead level of 32.84+/-1.78 microg/dl (range 20.3-64.9), decrease in blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and thiamine (as pyruvate) level and an enhanced urinary excretion of ALA as compared to control, were suffering from lead poisoning.	Alanine	223-226	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	184-221
11724935-7	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis demonstrated that H4 residues 16-KRHR-19 are critical for the induction of nucleosome mobility, revealing a histone tail motif that regulates NURF activity.	Alanine	0-7	Enhancer of bithorax	Drosophila melanogaster	171-175
27818199-6	2016	In the proximal ectodomain of tACE residues H610-L614 were mutated to alanines and this resulted in a decrease in ACE shedding.	Alanine	70-78	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	30-34
27869740-5	2016	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the murine olfactory receptor S6 (mOR-S6) indicated that the N-terminal acidic residue of helix 8 of mOR-S6 is responsible for initial transient and specific interactions with chimeric Galpha15_olf, resulting in a response that is 2.2-fold more rapid and 1.7-fold more robust than the interaction with Galpha15.	Alanine	0-7	olfactory receptor family 55 subfamily B member 4	Mus musculus	66-72
27869740-5	2016	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the murine olfactory receptor S6 (mOR-S6) indicated that the N-terminal acidic residue of helix 8 of mOR-S6 is responsible for initial transient and specific interactions with chimeric Galpha15_olf, resulting in a response that is 2.2-fold more rapid and 1.7-fold more robust than the interaction with Galpha15.	Alanine	0-7	olfactory receptor family 55 subfamily B member 4	Mus musculus	133-139
11824937-0	2001	Active transport of alanine by the neutral amino-acid exchanger ASCT1.	Alanine	20-27	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
27802159-7	2016	Mutation of S734-STAT2 to alanine (S734A) enhanced IFN-alpha-driven antiviral responses compared to those driven by wild-type STAT2.	Alanine	26-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 2	Homo sapiens	12-22
11824937-2	2001	Here, by using ASCT1-expressing oocytes, the uptake of alanine and glutamate was measured to investigate ASCT1"s ability to mediate a concentrative transport of alanine, ASCT1"s sodium dependence, and the influence of pH on the mutual inhibition between alanine and glutamate.	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
11824937-2	2001	Here, by using ASCT1-expressing oocytes, the uptake of alanine and glutamate was measured to investigate ASCT1"s ability to mediate a concentrative transport of alanine, ASCT1"s sodium dependence, and the influence of pH on the mutual inhibition between alanine and glutamate.	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
11824937-2	2001	Here, by using ASCT1-expressing oocytes, the uptake of alanine and glutamate was measured to investigate ASCT1"s ability to mediate a concentrative transport of alanine, ASCT1"s sodium dependence, and the influence of pH on the mutual inhibition between alanine and glutamate.	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
11824937-2	2001	Here, by using ASCT1-expressing oocytes, the uptake of alanine and glutamate was measured to investigate ASCT1"s ability to mediate a concentrative transport of alanine, ASCT1"s sodium dependence, and the influence of pH on the mutual inhibition between alanine and glutamate.	Alanine	161-168	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
27802159-7	2016	Mutation of S734-STAT2 to alanine (S734A) enhanced IFN-alpha-driven antiviral responses compared to those driven by wild-type STAT2.	Alanine	26-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
11824937-7	2001	ASCT1 actively transports alanine and accumulates it in the cytosol even when the Na+ concentration in the medium was as low as 1-3 mM.	Alanine	26-33	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
11824937-9	2001	Our results demonstrate that ASCT1 is able to mediate a concentrative transport of alanine, which is Na+-dependent but not coupled to the Na+ gradient.	Alanine	83-90	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
27595738-4	2016	Selective alanine substitutions show that K218, K220, and K224 together facilitate normal Trisk 95 binding to RyR1 and channel activation.	Alanine	10-17	triadin	Homo sapiens	90-95
11572853-7	2001	In contrast, altering a TM3 phenylalanine to alanine (F639A) reduced the ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptors expressed in oocytes and human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Alanine	34-41	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
27769257-8	2016	Neutrality tests indicated that the polymorphism detected in the alanine heptad repeat region of MSP-3 was maintained by positive diversifying selection, suggesting its role as a potential target of protective immune responses and supporting its role as a vaccine candidate.	Alanine	65-72	merozoite surface protein 3	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	97-102
11578924-1	2001	The recent three-dimensional structure of histidine ammonia-lyase revealed that the enzyme contains a 3,5-dihydro-5-methylidene-4H-imidazol-4-one (MIO) ring, which forms autocatalytically from an Ala-Ser143-Gly triad.	Alanine	196-199	histidine ammonia-lyase	Homo sapiens	42-65
27582494-3	2016	Here, we used molecular modeling to predict TIMP-3 residues potentially involved in binding to LRP1 based on the proposed LRP1 binding motif of 2 lysine residues separated by about 21 A and mutated the candidate lysine residues to alanine individually and in pairs.	Alanine	231-238	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	44-50
11689481-2	2001	The autosomal dominant form of this disease is caused by short expansions of a (GCG)(6) repeat to (GCG)(8-13) in the PABPN1 gene, which results in the expansion of a polyalanine stretch from 10 to 12-17 alanines in the N-terminus of the protein.	Alanine	203-211	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	117-123
27622773-3	2016	Here we found human and not E. coli AlaRS has an intrinsic capacity for mispairing alanine onto nonalanyl-tRNAs including tRNACys.	Alanine	83-90	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
11490001-4	2001	To map the residues providing for the activity of DAF, we analyzed the functions of 31 primarily alanine substitution mutants based in part on this model.	Alanine	97-104	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-53
11683413-10	2001	Ala substitutions for the Trp and Asp residues in the conserved WDT motif in the beta1 tail had dramatic effects on the ability of tac-beta1 to regulate integrin conformation and function in cell spreading, but had no or intermediate effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
11683413-10	2001	Ala substitutions for the Trp and Asp residues in the conserved WDT motif in the beta1 tail had dramatic effects on the ability of tac-beta1 to regulate integrin conformation and function in cell spreading, but had no or intermediate effects in other assays.	Alanine	0-3	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	135-140
27622773-8	2016	Thus, the expanded tRNA specificity of AlaRS appears to be an evolutionary gain-of-function to provide posttranscriptional alanine substitutions in eukaryotic proteins for potential regulations.	Alanine	123-130	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
11463838-5	2001	Site-directed alanine mutagenesis of these residues together with in vitro and in vivo binding studies elucidated how RFXAP and CIITA, which simultaneously interact with RFXANK in vivo, bind to two opposite faces of its ankyrin repeats.	Alanine	14-21	regulatory factor X associated ankyrin containing protein	Homo sapiens	170-176
27480855-8	2016	Our results indicate that alanine at position 109 is critical for the hydrolytic activity of CTX-M-14 against oxyimino-cephalosporins.	Alanine	26-33	CTX-M-14	Escherichia coli	93-101
11352919-4	2001	A mutant IGF-IR in which the serines at positions 1280--1283 have been mutated to alanine does not protect from apoptosis and fails to translocate Nedd4 or Raf-1 to the mitochondria.	Alanine	82-89	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-15
27514743-6	2016	A TRF2 mutant with these arginine residues substituted by alanine lost the ability to protect telomeres and induced rapid telomere shortening caused by the cleavage of a loop structure of the telomeric chromatin.	Alanine	58-65	telomeric repeat binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	2-6
11425315-6	2001	The mutants Gly116--&gt;Ala in domain I and Gly332--&gt;Ala in domain III exhibited only 10-20% of the transport activity of the wild-type GLUT1.	Alanine	24-27	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	139-144
11425315-6	2001	The mutants Gly116--&gt;Ala in domain I and Gly332--&gt;Ala in domain III exhibited only 10-20% of the transport activity of the wild-type GLUT1.	Alanine	56-59	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	139-144
27440890-5	2016	Alanine substitutions of these UL51 amino acid residues reduced viral replication and produced an accumulation of unenveloped and partially enveloped nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm at levels comparable to those of UL51-null, UL14-null, and UL51/UL14 double-null mutations.	Alanine	0-7	tegument protein UL51	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	31-35
27179589-5	2016	Both enzymes form active PLP-dependent dimers with high specificity towards alanine and glyoxylate, and display similar three-dimensional structures.	Alanine	76-83	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	34-37	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	181-187
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	38-41	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	181-187
27177841-2	2016	The new substrate, Dabcyl-Pro-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Homophe-Thr-Ser-Pro-Lys(FAM)-NH2, has specificity constants of 6.3 (+-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.4 (+-0.3) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for ADAM17 and ADAM10, respectively.	Alanine	38-41	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	181-187
11445238-3	2001	In mouse, the homologous peptide, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) was not detected.	Alanine	52-55	neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor	Mus musculus	38-42
26024289-1	2016	Alanine racemase is a fold type III PLP-dependent amino acid racemase enzyme catalysing the conversion of l-alanine to d-alanine utilised by bacterial cell wall for peptidoglycan synthesis.	Alanine	0-7	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
11390982-7	2001	We show that a substitution mutant of MITR containing alanine in place of two serine residues, Ser-218 and Ser-448, acts as a potent repressor of myogenesis.	Alanine	54-61	histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens	38-42
26024289-1	2016	Alanine racemase is a fold type III PLP-dependent amino acid racemase enzyme catalysing the conversion of l-alanine to d-alanine utilised by bacterial cell wall for peptidoglycan synthesis.	Alanine	106-115	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
11389907-2	2001	Substitution of glycine-91 by site-directed mutagenesis with either aspartate or alanine resulted in a significant decrease in transport activity of GLUT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Alanine	81-88	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	149-154
27215380-8	2016	The mitochondrial alanine transaminase GPT2 was found to be necessary and sufficient for increased alanine flux upon MPC inhibition.	Alanine	18-25	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
11328597-8	2001	Ala-scanning analysis suggested that CaMKPase did not recognize a specific motif around the dephosphorylation site.	Alanine	0-3	protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F	Homo sapiens	37-45
27129232-3	2016	Elongation of the alanine stretch in PHOX2B leads to a protein with altered DNA binding, transcriptional activity, and nuclear localization and the possible formation of cytoplasmic aggregates; furthermore, the findings of various studies support the idea that CCHS is not due to a pure loss of function mechanism but also involves a dominant negative effect and/or toxic gain of function for PHOX2B mutations.	Alanine	18-25	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	393-399
27129232-7	2016	These results provide novel insights into the effects of the alanine tract expansion on PHOX2B folding and activity.	Alanine	61-68	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	88-94
11331948-1	2001	Human tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase (hADAT1) specifically converts A37 in the anticodon loop of human tRNA(Ala) to inosine via a hydrolytic deamination mechanism.	Alanine	111-114	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	41-47
26931172-11	2016	Tendergreen) were analyzed to determine the symbiotic effector activity of different NopL variants with serine to alanine substitutions at identified and predicted phosphorylation sites (serine-proline motif).	Alanine	114-121	type II secretion system effector nodulation protein NopL	Sinorhizobium fredii NGR234	85-89
26960196-7	2016	Using peptide Ala scanning, we found Ser 420 is one possible O-GlcNAc site in RBL-2.	Alanine	14-17	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
11316794-7	2001	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of GAL4-dd showed that the NMR-derived GAL11P-binding face is crucial for the novel transcriptional activating function of the GAL4-dd on GAL11P interaction.	Alanine	0-7	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
26661043-5	2016	We identify several compounds that modulate GluD2(LC), including a halogenated alanine analog as well as the kynurenic acid analog 7-chloro-4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (7-chlorokynurenic acid; 7-CKA).	Alanine	79-86	glutamate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
11316794-7	2001	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of GAL4-dd showed that the NMR-derived GAL11P-binding face is crucial for the novel transcriptional activating function of the GAL4-dd on GAL11P interaction.	Alanine	0-7	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
11152455-3	2001	In this work, we generated phosphorylation-resistant p107 and p130 molecules by replacing potential cyclin-CDK phosphorylation sites with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues.	Alanine	159-166	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
26814416-1	2016	The HLA-DQB1*04:01:01 sequence is corrected at position 79 in exon 1 (G &gt; A, Ala &gt; Thr).	Alanine	80-83	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-12
11242082-9	2001	A mutant cyclin B1 in which S133 and S147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin B1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase.	Alanine	58-66	cyclin B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	9-18
11327829-13	2001	The implications of the determined consensus substrate sequence (Arg/Lys)/(Arg/Lys)-Ala for the proposed biological function of OmpT in defense against antimicrobial peptides are discussed.	Alanine	84-87	outer membrane protease	Escherichia coli	128-132
26493225-8	2016	One of these repeat regions, a long alanine rich-sequence, is responsible for the full-time cytoplasmic localization of Mus musculus ZFP36L3.	Alanine	36-43	zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 3	Mus musculus	133-140
11157749-5	2001	When expressed in U2OS cells, the phosphorylation-deficient mutant p130(Delta)(CDK4), in which the Cdk4 specific sites were mutated to alanine residues, imposed a more sustained G1 arrest than a constitutively active pRb(Delta)(CDK), known to repress all cellular E2F activity.	Alanine	135-142	nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
26831808-7	2016	A CAR mutant with three consecutive alanine residues inserted into the ligand-binding domain of CAR showed ligand-dependent activation of target genes in immortalized cells, which is in marked contrast to the constitutive transactivating nature of wild-type CAR.	Alanine	36-43	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	2-5
11146000-3	2001	Mutation of this site (Ala(345,346)beta(2)AR) significantly reduced the rate and extent of the rapid desensitization promoted by sustained treatment with the agonist isoproterenol.	Alanine	23-26	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	35-44
11146000-6	2001	However, despite its phosphorylated state, Ala(261,262)beta ARK(-)beta(2)AR did not undergo rapid desensitization upon agonist treatment, indicating that phosphorylation of Ser(345,346) alone is not sufficient to promote desensitization.	Alanine	43-46	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	66-75
10984492-2	2000	Here, we quantitatively mapped the complete binding region of ifnar2 on interferon (IFN)alpha2 by 35 individual mutations to alanine and isosteric residues.	Alanine	125-132	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
26831808-7	2016	A CAR mutant with three consecutive alanine residues inserted into the ligand-binding domain of CAR showed ligand-dependent activation of target genes in immortalized cells, which is in marked contrast to the constitutive transactivating nature of wild-type CAR.	Alanine	36-43	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
26831808-7	2016	A CAR mutant with three consecutive alanine residues inserted into the ligand-binding domain of CAR showed ligand-dependent activation of target genes in immortalized cells, which is in marked contrast to the constitutive transactivating nature of wild-type CAR.	Alanine	36-43	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
26711256-7	2015	We mapped Ser147 of GSK-3beta as the site phosphorylated by PKCzeta, i.e., its mutation into alanine abolished GSK-3beta activity, resulting in beta-catenin stabilization and increased transcriptional activity, whereas phosphomimetic replacement of Ser147 by glutamic acid maintained GSK-3beta basal activity.	Alanine	93-100	protein kinase C zeta	Homo sapiens	60-67
26700863-1	2015	To find out new determinants required for Nef activity we performed a functional alanine scanning analysis along a discrete but highly conserved region at the core of HIV-1 Nef.	Alanine	81-88	Nef	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	42-45
11118325-5	2000	In order to elucidate the binding site of G9-I aptamer in NS3 protease domain (deltaNS3), we carried out alanine scanning mutagenesis at positive charged residues on the surface of deltaNS3.	Alanine	105-112	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	58-61
26700863-1	2015	To find out new determinants required for Nef activity we performed a functional alanine scanning analysis along a discrete but highly conserved region at the core of HIV-1 Nef.	Alanine	81-88	Nef	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	173-176
26395456-4	2015	Identified mutations in SPT1 are known to both reduce sphingolipid synthesis and generate catalytic promiscuity, incorporating alanine or glycine into the precursor sphingolipid to generate a deoxysphingoid base (DSB).	Alanine	127-134	Serine palmitoyltransferase subunit I	Drosophila melanogaster	24-28
11140638-6	2000	Our results show that the N-terminal four residues (Ala-Val-Pro-Ile) in Smac/DIABLO recognize a surface groove on BIR3, with the first residue Ala binding a hydrophobic pocket and making five hydrogen bonds to neighbouring residues on BIR3.	Alanine	52-55	diablo	Drosophila melanogaster	72-76
11140638-6	2000	Our results show that the N-terminal four residues (Ala-Val-Pro-Ile) in Smac/DIABLO recognize a surface groove on BIR3, with the first residue Ala binding a hydrophobic pocket and making five hydrogen bonds to neighbouring residues on BIR3.	Alanine	52-55	diablo	Drosophila melanogaster	77-83
11005803-5	2000	Yeast strains containing alanine substitutions in the PCNA binding motif of Msh6 or Msh3 had elevated mutation rates, indicating that these interactions are important for genome stability.	Alanine	25-32	mismatch repair ATPase MSH6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	76-80
10944518-1	2000	The first Y(5) receptor-selective analog of neuropeptide Y (NPY), [Ala(31),Aib(32)]NPY, has been developed and biologically characterized.	Alanine	67-70	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
26395456-8	2015	Expression of mutant dSpt1 globally was found to be mildly toxic, but was completely toxic when the diet was supplemented with alanine, when DSBs were observed in abundance.	Alanine	127-134	Serine palmitoyltransferase subunit I	Drosophila melanogaster	21-26
10944518-4	2000	Further peptides obtained by the combination of the Ala(31)-Aib(32) motif with chimeric peptides containing segments of NPY and pancreatic polypeptide displayed the same selectivity and even higher affinity (up to 0.2 nm) for the Y(5) receptor.	Alanine	52-55	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Rattus norvegicus	230-243
26598604-4	2016	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the LIM interaction domain of LDB1 revealed a discrete motif, R(320)LITR, required for LMO2 binding.	Alanine	0-7	LIM domain only 2	Homo sapiens	119-123
11063570-10	2000	Further specificity for the interaction of AE1 and CAII is provided by a conserved leucine residue (L886) in AE1 that, when mutated to alanine, resulted in loss of GST-Ct binding to immobilized CAII.	Alanine	135-142	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
11063570-10	2000	Further specificity for the interaction of AE1 and CAII is provided by a conserved leucine residue (L886) in AE1 that, when mutated to alanine, resulted in loss of GST-Ct binding to immobilized CAII.	Alanine	135-142	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	194-198
27858752-0	2015	An Antibody to Detect Alanine-Expanded PABPN1: A New Tool to Study Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy.	Alanine	22-29	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	39-45
11063591-8	2000	Residues Val-1, Arg-7, and Lys-9 of V1 peptide were found to be critical for receptor interaction, because single alanine replacement at these positions dramatically decreased peptide binding to CXCR4.	Alanine	114-121	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
27858752-2	2015	The expansion in PABPN1 leads to an increase in a stretch of N-terminal alanine residues in the PABPN1 protein from the normal 10 to 12-18.	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	17-23
11129046-4	2000	In S. cerevisiae, the C-terminal Leu-377 residue of Pph22p (equivalent to human PP2Ac Leu-309) was dispensable for cell growth under optimum conditions and its removal, or substitution by alanine, did not inhibit PP2A activity in vitro.	Alanine	188-195	phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit PPH22	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-58
27858752-2	2015	The expansion in PABPN1 leads to an increase in a stretch of N-terminal alanine residues in the PABPN1 protein from the normal 10 to 12-18.	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	96-102
27858752-4	2015	OBJECTIVE: We sought to generate a polyclonal antibody that recognizes alanine-expanded but not wild type PABPN1 with the goal of making possible analysis of expression and localization of alanine-expanded PABPN1.	Alanine	189-196	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	206-212
10924522-3	2000	The recombinant A1 domain (rA1, Glu(1)-Ser(90)) inhibited the saturable, specific and reversible binding of prothrombin to FXI, whereas neither the rA2 domain (Ser(90)-Ala(181)), rA3 domain (Ala(181)-Val(271)), nor rA4 domain (Phe(272)-Glu(361)) inhibited prothrombin binding to FXI.	Alanine	168-171	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	16-18
10924522-3	2000	The recombinant A1 domain (rA1, Glu(1)-Ser(90)) inhibited the saturable, specific and reversible binding of prothrombin to FXI, whereas neither the rA2 domain (Ser(90)-Ala(181)), rA3 domain (Ala(181)-Val(271)), nor rA4 domain (Phe(272)-Glu(361)) inhibited prothrombin binding to FXI.	Alanine	191-194	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	16-18
10924522-3	2000	The recombinant A1 domain (rA1, Glu(1)-Ser(90)) inhibited the saturable, specific and reversible binding of prothrombin to FXI, whereas neither the rA2 domain (Ser(90)-Ala(181)), rA3 domain (Ala(181)-Val(271)), nor rA4 domain (Phe(272)-Glu(361)) inhibited prothrombin binding to FXI.	Alanine	191-194	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
10924522-5	2000	Reciprocal binding studies revealed that synthetic peptides (encompassing residues Ala(45)-Ser(86)) containing both HK- and thrombin-binding sites, inhibit (125)I-rA1 (Glu(1)-Ser(90)) binding to prothrombin, (125)I-prothrombin binding to FXI, and (125)I-prothrombin fragment 2 (Ser(156)-Arg(271)) binding to FXI.	Alanine	83-86	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
10924522-7	2000	The peptides Ala(45)-Arg(54), Phe(56)-Val(71), and Asp(72)-Ser(86), derived from sequences of the A1 domain of FXI, acted synergistically to inhibit (125)I-rA1 binding to prothrombin.	Alanine	13-16	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
27858752-6	2015	RESULTS: The resulting alpha-alanine antibody detected PABPN1 proteins that contained 14 or more alanine residues.	Alanine	29-36	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	55-61
27858752-7	2015	Importantly, the alpha-alanine antibody could be used to detect alanine-expanded PABPN1 in muscles from either a mouse or Drosophila model of OPMD.	Alanine	23-30	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	81-87
27858752-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This alpha-alanine antibody provides a new tool that will allow for more in-depth study of how alanine expansion affects aggregation, localization, and steady-state levels of alanine-expanded PABPN1 levels in vivo, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMD.	Alanine	24-31	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	205-211
27858752-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This alpha-alanine antibody provides a new tool that will allow for more in-depth study of how alanine expansion affects aggregation, localization, and steady-state levels of alanine-expanded PABPN1 levels in vivo, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying OPMD.	Alanine	108-115	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	205-211
27183783-5	2015	In gene promoter MIC-1/GDF15 was detected geroprotective binding sites for peptides Lys-Glu, Lys-Glu-Asp, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly.	Alanine	110-113	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	17-22
27183783-5	2015	In gene promoter MIC-1/GDF15 was detected geroprotective binding sites for peptides Lys-Glu, Lys-Glu-Asp, and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly.	Alanine	110-113	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	23-28
11027609-5	2000	The cytoplasmic domain-deleted cadherin-4 containing the mutation of Trp-2 to Ala, which is known to inhibit the strand dimer formation required for the cell-cell adhesion, retained the possible activity of lateral cluster formation, supporting this notion.	Alanine	78-81	cadherin 4	Homo sapiens	31-41
25500543-8	2015	Expression of LRP6 mutant in which serine/threonine residues in each particular ProlineProlineProlineSerine/ThreonineProline motif were mutated to alanines (LRP6-5A) significantly reduced beta-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	147-155	LDL receptor related protein 6	Homo sapiens	14-18
25500543-8	2015	Expression of LRP6 mutant in which serine/threonine residues in each particular ProlineProlineProlineSerine/ThreonineProline motif were mutated to alanines (LRP6-5A) significantly reduced beta-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity.	Alanine	147-155	LDL receptor related protein 6	Homo sapiens	157-161
10992007-4	2000	Also the expression levels and function of TSHR mutants with a Ser/Thr to Ala substitution at the first or third glycosylation site were found to be intact.	Alanine	74-77	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	43-47
25900360-2	2015	The three CcP variants have Arg-48, Trp-51, and His-52 mutated to either all alanine, CcP(triAla), all valine, CcP(triVal), or all leucine residues, CcP(triLeu).	Alanine	77-84	cytochrome-c peroxidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-13
10887184-1	2000	A mutational analysis of the Ras-binding domain (RBD) of c-Raf-1 identified three amino acid positions (Asn(64), Ala(85), and Val(88)) where amino acid substitution with basic residues increases the binding of RBD to recombinant v-Ha-Ras.	Alanine	113-116	TNF receptor associated factor 3	Homo sapiens	57-64
25614594-5	2015	Moreover, alanine substitution mutation analysis revealed that the N protein residues 33-37, 65-68 and 112-123 were related to the upregulation of IL-10 promoter activity.	Alanine	10-17	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	147-152
10947972-7	2000	We find that the caspases show an unexpected degree of discrimination in the P(1)" position, with a general preference for small amino acid residues such as alanine, glycine and serine, with glycine being the preferred substituent.	Alanine	157-164	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	77-81
10908300-2	2000	We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) phosphorylation sites, S261 and S266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rMOR1) confers resistance to CaMK II-induced receptor desensitization.	Alanine	158-166	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	108-115
25701231-1	2015	The sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2/SAT2/ATA2) is expressed in the mammary gland (MG) and plays an important role in the uptake of alanine and glutamine which are the most abundant amino acids transported into this tissue during lactation.	Alanine	154-161	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	4-51
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	57-60	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	49-52
25701231-1	2015	The sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2/SAT2/ATA2) is expressed in the mammary gland (MG) and plays an important role in the uptake of alanine and glutamine which are the most abundant amino acids transported into this tissue during lactation.	Alanine	154-161	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	57-60	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	65-68
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	57-60	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	65-68
25701231-1	2015	The sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2/SAT2/ATA2) is expressed in the mammary gland (MG) and plays an important role in the uptake of alanine and glutamine which are the most abundant amino acids transported into this tissue during lactation.	Alanine	154-161	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	76-79	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	76-79	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	65-68
25684709-6	2015	In contrast, when the respective steric gate residues were mutated to alanine, the differences in HDX between the dNTP- and rNTP-bound ternary complexes were attenuated such that for DinB(F13A) and pol kappa(Y112A), ternary complexes with either G:dCTP or G:rCTP base pairs had similar HDX profiles.	Alanine	70-77	DNA polymerase lambda	Homo sapiens	198-207
10891350-2	2000	The crystal structure of the decapeptide Boc-Leu-Aib-Val-Ala-Leu-Aib-Val-(D)Ala-(D)Leu-Aib-OMe reveals a helical segment spanning residues 1-7 and helix termination by formation of a Schellman motif, generated by (D)Ala(8) adopting the left-handed helical (alpha(L)) conformation.	Alanine	76-79	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	65-68
10782017-3	2000	Amongst the IDDM children with heterozygous genotype at codon 57 of HLA DQB1, 6/55 (11%) had Asp/Ala, 8/55 (15%) had Ala/Val, 4/55 (7%) had Ala/Ser and 1/55 had Asp/Val allelic combinations.	Alanine	97-100	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	68-82
25917852-9	2015	The target for phosphorylation is possibly Ser 206 of Panx1, as its mutation to Ala completely abolished the NO mediated inhibition.	Alanine	80-83	pannexin 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
25874890-6	2015	A set of truncated and alanine substituted peptides derived from P14 were synthesized.	Alanine	23-30	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	65-68
10842718-7	2000	This transversion results in an amino acid substitution at codon 45, alanine to serine (ATTR Ala45Ser).	Alanine	69-76	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	88-92
25727410-2	2015	Among several prophylactic molecules proven suitable for ameliorating free radical damage, NAP (an octapeptide with initial amino acids: asparagine/N, alanine/A, and proline/P) can be considered superlative, primarily due to its high permeability into brain through blood-brain barrier and observed activity at femtomolar concentrations.	Alanine	151-158	catenin, beta like 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
10852886-3	2000	We tested alanine substitutions in activating regions (AR) 1 and 2 of CRP for their effect on rhaBAD activation.	Alanine	10-17	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	70-73
10772865-0	2000	Folding of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) variants in which almost half the residues are alanine.	Alanine	101-108	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	48-52
10772865-2	2000	An earlier alanine-scanning experiment conducted on bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI; 58 residues) suggested that if cumulative mutations have additive effects on protein stability, a native protein structure could be built from BPTI sequences that contained many alanine residues distributed throughout the protein.	Alanine	11-18	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	89-93
26170816-9	2015	In case of MMP-2, Leu 164, Ala 165 and Thr 227 were engaged in H-Bonding with resveratrol and in case of MMP-9, H-bonding was found with Glu 402, Ala 417 and Arg 424 residues.	Alanine	27-30	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	105-110
10772865-2	2000	An earlier alanine-scanning experiment conducted on bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI; 58 residues) suggested that if cumulative mutations have additive effects on protein stability, a native protein structure could be built from BPTI sequences that contained many alanine residues distributed throughout the protein.	Alanine	11-18	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	238-242
10772865-2	2000	An earlier alanine-scanning experiment conducted on bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI; 58 residues) suggested that if cumulative mutations have additive effects on protein stability, a native protein structure could be built from BPTI sequences that contained many alanine residues distributed throughout the protein.	Alanine	273-280	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	89-93
10772865-2	2000	An earlier alanine-scanning experiment conducted on bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI; 58 residues) suggested that if cumulative mutations have additive effects on protein stability, a native protein structure could be built from BPTI sequences that contained many alanine residues distributed throughout the protein.	Alanine	273-280	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	238-242
10772865-3	2000	To test this hypothesis, we designed and produced six BPTI mutants containing from 21 to 29 alanine residues.	Alanine	92-99	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	54-58
26170816-9	2015	In case of MMP-2, Leu 164, Ala 165 and Thr 227 were engaged in H-Bonding with resveratrol and in case of MMP-9, H-bonding was found with Glu 402, Ala 417 and Arg 424 residues.	Alanine	146-149	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	105-110
10772865-6	2000	A BPTI mutant containing 22 alanine residues was further shown by 2D and 3D-NMR to fold into a structure very similar to that of native BPTI, and to be a functional trypsin inhibitor.	Alanine	28-35	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	2-6
10772865-6	2000	A BPTI mutant containing 22 alanine residues was further shown by 2D and 3D-NMR to fold into a structure very similar to that of native BPTI, and to be a functional trypsin inhibitor.	Alanine	28-35	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	136-140
26353419-4	2015	After 4 weeks of antituberculosis treatment and HAART ALT2 level in expectedly, generally showed downward trend with no statistically significant correlation between PTB status and ALT2 (chi2 = 0.789, d.f2.P = 0.674) CONCLUSION: Anti-tuberculosis drug induced elevation in alanine amino transference is unexpectedly low in our patients on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection.	Alanine	273-280	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
10769186-0	2000	Alanine mutagenesis of high-mobility-group-protein-1 box B (HMG1-B).	Alanine	0-7	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
10769186-1	2000	We have generated a set of alanine-scanning substitutions in high-mobility-group protein 1 box B (HMG1-B; the second domain of the HMG1 nuclear protein from the rat) in order to explore the influence of specific surface side chains on its function and folding.	Alanine	27-34	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-90
25658507-4	2015	Alanine scanning of GpTx-1 revealed that residues Trp(29), Lys(31), and Phe(34) near the C-terminus are critical for potent NaV1.7 antagonist activity.	Alanine	0-7	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9	Homo sapiens	124-130
10767346-6	2000	DNA sequence analysis revealed a C to A transversion in codon 546 in exon 14 of MDR3 in one patient, which results in the missense substitution of the wild-type alanine with an aspartic acid.	Alanine	161-168	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
25490951-5	2015	To investigate the mechanism of action of mercurials, mutants of hOCTN1 in which each of the Cys residues was substituted by Ala have been constructed, over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified.	Alanine	125-128	solute carrier family 22 member 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
10843183-7	2000	This Ala is highly conserved in the vertebrate 3betaHSD gene family and is located in the putative NAD-binding domain of the enzyme.	Alanine	5-8	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	47-55
10739955-5	2000	Amino acid number 12 of K-Ras (wild type; Gly) was changed to Ser, Arg, Cys, Asp, Ala, or Val, and the mobility shift of the greenish fluorescent bands in the SDS/urea gel was analyzed.	Alanine	82-85	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	24-29
25542770-8	2015	A SOX2 missense (p.Ala161Ser) mutation was found in 1 out of 39 a subject with non-syndromic monolateral M. Alanine at position 161 is conserved along phylogeny and the p.Ala161Ser mutation is estimated pathogenic by in silico analysis.	Alanine	108-115	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	2-6
10699485-1	2000	Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (tGLP-1) is inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV by removal of the NH(2)-terminal dipeptide His(7)-Ala(8).	Alanine	142-145	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
12903364-0	2000	Analysis of aptamer binding site for HCV-NS3 protease by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	57-64	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	41-44
12903364-4	2000	To study the interaction between delta NS3 and its aptamer, we applied alanine scanning mutagenesis and constructed seven mutant proteins at positive amino acid residues on the surface of delta NS3.	Alanine	71-78	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	194-197
25541374-7	2015	We also identified residues that were less critical or not required for recognition by the mammalian kinases (Ala 31, Met 44, Lys 79, and Tyr 81), even though they were essential for recognition of the yeast eIF2alpha by GCN2.	Alanine	110-113	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	208-217
26737172-0	2015	Electrostatic study of Alanine mutational effects on transcription: application to GATA-3:DNA interaction complex.	Alanine	23-30	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	83-89
10618498-3	1999	Mutation of these four serines to alanines prevented the phosphorylation of Spi-B in vivo, increased the ability of Spi-B to transactivate expression of a reporter gene and led to a decrease of Spi-B stability.	Alanine	34-42	Spi-B transcription factor	Homo sapiens	76-81
10618498-3	1999	Mutation of these four serines to alanines prevented the phosphorylation of Spi-B in vivo, increased the ability of Spi-B to transactivate expression of a reporter gene and led to a decrease of Spi-B stability.	Alanine	34-42	Spi-B transcription factor	Homo sapiens	116-121
10618498-3	1999	Mutation of these four serines to alanines prevented the phosphorylation of Spi-B in vivo, increased the ability of Spi-B to transactivate expression of a reporter gene and led to a decrease of Spi-B stability.	Alanine	34-42	Spi-B transcription factor	Homo sapiens	116-121
26737172-7	2015	To generate a family of mutants for the GATA:DNA complex, we replaced every charged amino acid, one at a time, with a neutral amino acid like Alanine (Ala).	Alanine	142-149	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	40-44
25398903-1	2015	The first ncRNA found was an alanine tRNA in baker"s yeast, and the first detected microRNAs (miRNAs) promoted ncRNA research to a whole new level.	Alanine	29-36	SNR45	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-15
10637505-7	1999	Mutation to alanine of S383, F378 or W379, which virtually abolishes transcriptional activation by Elk-1, does not affect phosphorylation of any sites tested.	Alanine	12-19	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	99-104
10622742-4	1999	Treatment of several aspartic acid to alanine mutants of PKCmu with caspase-3 resulted in an unexpected finding.	Alanine	38-45	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	57-62
25398903-1	2015	The first ncRNA found was an alanine tRNA in baker"s yeast, and the first detected microRNAs (miRNAs) promoted ncRNA research to a whole new level.	Alanine	29-36	SNR45	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	111-116
25449622-1	2014	Under accelerated and controlled evaporation, chain polymers crystallize from aqueous solutions of Ca(II) and Mn(II) halides with enantiopure L-alanine or racemic DL-alanine.	Alanine	142-151	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	99-105
10661869-5	1999	The Km, k(cat) and k(cat)/Km values of DPP III at optimal pH (pH 8.5) were 290 microM, 18.0 s(-1) and 62.1 s(-1) x nM(-1) for Arg-Arg-MCA and 125 microM, 4.53 s(-1) and 36.2 s(-1) x nM(-1) for Ala-Arg-MCA, respectively.	Alanine	193-196	dipeptidylpeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-46
25156737-3	2014	To achieve this, five polymorphic residues within this loop were mutated to alanine, glycine, or serine in AMA1 of the 3D7 and FVO Plasmodium falciparum strains.	Alanine	76-83	apical membrane antigen 1	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	107-111
10559312-6	1999	Mutation of the catalytic serine residue into alanine abolished protease activity of NS3 and resulted in total inhibition of NS5A hyperphosphorylation, even if polyprotein processing was allowed by addition of NS3 and NS4A in trans.	Alanine	46-53	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	85-88
10559312-6	1999	Mutation of the catalytic serine residue into alanine abolished protease activity of NS3 and resulted in total inhibition of NS5A hyperphosphorylation, even if polyprotein processing was allowed by addition of NS3 and NS4A in trans.	Alanine	46-53	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	210-213
25122765-5	2014	Site-directed mutagenesis identified the N-terminal CS attachment sites Ser(507) and Ser(525) as essential for processing of the Glu(441)-Ala(442) bond by ADAMTS5.	Alanine	138-141	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	155-162
10542224-4	1999	Alanine-scanning analysis identified Phe(184), Arg(186), Leu(187), and Ile(190) as important determinants of maximum binding of (125)I-labeled bovine PTH-(1-34) and (125)I-labeled bovine PTH-(3-34) and determinants of responsiveness to the NH(2)-terminal analog, PTH-(1-14) in cAMP stimulation assays.	Alanine	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	150-153
10542224-5	1999	Alanine mutations at these four sites augmented the ability of the COOH-terminal peptide [Glu(22), Trp(23)]PTHrP-(15-36) to inhibit the cAMP response induced by PTH-(1-34).	Alanine	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	107-110
25122765-10	2014	We conclude that docking of ADAMTS5 with two N-terminal GAG chains of versican-V1 via its ancillary domain is required for versican processing at Glu(441)-Ala(442).	Alanine	155-158	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	28-35
10566637-5	1999	In one allele, an undescribed G to C transversion in codon 217, which occurred at the last base of exon 5 and thus altered the splice donor site sequence, apparently resulted in a substitution of Arg to Thr (AGG to ACG: R217T), and in the other allele, a C to T transition in codon 218 caused a substitution of Ala to Val (GCG to GTG: A218V), which has been previously shown to abolish StAR activity.	Alanine	311-314	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	330-333
25086067-6	2014	When beta2 integrin amino acid residues 745 or 756 were mutated from Ser to Ala, podosomes became resistant to dissolution mediated through TLR signaling.	Alanine	76-79	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	5-10
25232678-6	2014	The MAP4(Ala) mutant, which mimicked the dephosphorylated form, suppressed mitochondrial translocation and apoptosis.	Alanine	9-12	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
10523634-7	1999	Substitution of alanine for an aspartic acid residue in the conserved XLD motif of Cbf5p (mutant cbf5D95A) abolishes in vivo pseudouridylation of rRNA.	Alanine	16-23	pseudouridine synthase CBF5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-88
25103078-10	2014	Furthermore, a significant synergistic effect in an additive model (OR = 3.5) between the GSTO1 Ala/Ala genotype and the SULT1A1 Arg/Arg genotype on UCB risk was observed.	Alanine	96-99	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
10521408-6	1999	Substitution of residues 312-319 of GFP-ERK2 to alanine residues prevented the cytosolic retention of ERK2 as well as its association with MEK1, without affecting its activity.	Alanine	48-55	dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Cricetulus griseus	139-143
25103078-10	2014	Furthermore, a significant synergistic effect in an additive model (OR = 3.5) between the GSTO1 Ala/Ala genotype and the SULT1A1 Arg/Arg genotype on UCB risk was observed.	Alanine	100-103	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
25103078-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The present study provided epidemiological evidence for a significantly increased risk of UCB in ever smokers with the Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene.	Alanine	131-134	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	155-160
10486408-3	1999	The relation between cognitive function and a common ala/val mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was studied in those over 85.	Alanine	53-56	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	77-112
25103078-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The present study provided epidemiological evidence for a significantly increased risk of UCB in ever smokers with the Ala/Ala genotype of the GSTO1 gene and the Arg/Arg genotype of the SULT1A1 gene.	Alanine	135-138	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	155-160
10486408-3	1999	The relation between cognitive function and a common ala/val mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene was studied in those over 85.	Alanine	53-56	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	114-119
10486408-10	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Although previous studies have shown that older persons with cognitive impairment have raised plasma concentrations of homocysteine, homozygosity for the ala to val mutation in the MTHFR gene is not a genetic risk factor for cognitive impairment in persons aged 85 years and over.	Alanine	167-170	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	194-199
24923680-9	2014	The findings that MPK6 localized to preprophase bands (PPBs) and phragmoplasts while the mpk6-4 mutant transformed with MPK6AEF (alanine (A)-glutamic acid (E)-phenylanine (F)) showed a root phenotype similar to that of yda1 demonstrated that MPK6 is an important player downstream of YODA.	Alanine	129-136	MAP kinase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	89-93
10449650-8	1999	Two previously unreported amino acid replacements were detected in a third individual: amino acid 193 of cytochrome b was changed from alanine to threonine, and amino acid 88 of COIII was changed from threonine to alanine.	Alanine	135-142	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	105-117
24923680-9	2014	The findings that MPK6 localized to preprophase bands (PPBs) and phragmoplasts while the mpk6-4 mutant transformed with MPK6AEF (alanine (A)-glutamic acid (E)-phenylanine (F)) showed a root phenotype similar to that of yda1 demonstrated that MPK6 is an important player downstream of YODA.	Alanine	129-136	MAP kinase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	120-124
25113908-0	2014	HIV-1 Vpu mediated downregulation of CD155 requires alanine residues 10, 14 and 18 of the transmembrane domain.	Alanine	52-59	Vpu	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	6-9
25113908-2	2014	Here we show that the conserved alanine residues at positions 10, 14 and 18 in the TM domain of Vpu are required for the efficient downregulation of cell surface CD155.	Alanine	32-39	Vpu	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	96-99
25025378-7	2014	RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031-3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (&gt;=20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010-4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates.	Alanine	70-73	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
10856981-6	1999	A thermolabile variant of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) arises from a C --&gt; T transition at nucleotide 677 in the MTHFR gene resulting in an alanine-to-valine substitution.	Alanine	169-176	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	37-72
10856981-6	1999	A thermolabile variant of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) arises from a C --&gt; T transition at nucleotide 677 in the MTHFR gene resulting in an alanine-to-valine substitution.	Alanine	169-176	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	74-79
10856981-6	1999	A thermolabile variant of the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) arises from a C --&gt; T transition at nucleotide 677 in the MTHFR gene resulting in an alanine-to-valine substitution.	Alanine	169-176	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	142-147
25025378-7	2014	RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031-3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (&gt;=20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010-4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates.	Alanine	74-77	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
25010489-5	2014	BPTI variants carrying Arg, Lys, Ile, Leu or Ala at the P2" position of the binding loop were purified and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined against non-sulfated and sulfated cationic and anionic human trypsins.	Alanine	45-48	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	0-4
10510435-5	1999	The EC50 value for cyclic AMP generation in response to (-)-isoprenaline was increased, by about 120 fold, for each alanine-substituted beta2-AR mutant.	Alanine	116-123	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	136-144
25030769-4	2014	RESULTS: Adult mice fed maternal ALA showed lower body weight gain and lower liver fat accumulation, lower HOMA index and lower stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity than those fed maternal SFA.	Alanine	33-36	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	153-157
10589458-3	1999	In the present study, we examined the polymorphism in mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6p/Igf2r) gene and found that the DRH rat showed CCC (Proline)-type polymorphism in exon 48 and the Donryu rat had GCC (Alanine) sequence.	Alanine	234-241	insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
24753048-2	2014	Alanine (T62A) or aspartate (T62D) mutagenesis of Thr62 revealed T62D-human (h)DAT partitions in a predominately efflux-preferring conformation.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
10438522-7	1999	We have expressed recombinant human ADAMTS11 in insect cells and shown that it cleaves aggrecan at the Glu(373)-Ala(374) site, with the cleavage pattern and inhibitor profile being indistinguishable from that observed with native aggrecanase.	Alanine	112-115	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	36-44
24911915-4	2014	To investigate recognition of Ave1 by Ve1, alanine scanning was performed on the solvent exposed beta-strand/beta-turn residues across the eLRR domain of Ve1.	Alanine	43-50	verticillium wilt disease resistance protein	Solanum lycopersicum	154-157
10428814-2	1999	Alanine substitution and truncation mutants of the human CD40ct domain were generated, revealing residues critical for binding TRAF2, TRAF3, or both of these proteins.	Alanine	0-7	TNF receptor associated factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
10428814-2	1999	Alanine substitution and truncation mutants of the human CD40ct domain were generated, revealing residues critical for binding TRAF2, TRAF3, or both of these proteins.	Alanine	0-7	TNF receptor associated factor 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
24911915-5	2014	In addition, alanine scanning was also employed to functionally characterize motifs that putatively mediate protein-protein interactions and endocytosis in the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail of the Ve1 protein.	Alanine	13-20	verticillium wilt disease resistance protein	Solanum lycopersicum	213-216
24794231-6	2014	Mutation of serine to alanine at these two sites stabilized CCNY and enhanced the activity of CCNY/CDK14 on phosphorylation of LRP6.	Alanine	22-29	cyclin dependent kinase 14	Homo sapiens	99-104
10395669-4	1999	We generated alanine substitution mutants of hIFNAR2-IgG and determined that regions of hIFNAR2 are important for the binding of these blocking mAbs and hIFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	13-20	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
10395669-4	1999	We generated alanine substitution mutants of hIFNAR2-IgG and determined that regions of hIFNAR2 are important for the binding of these blocking mAbs and hIFN-alpha2/alpha1.	Alanine	13-20	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	88-95
24794231-6	2014	Mutation of serine to alanine at these two sites stabilized CCNY and enhanced the activity of CCNY/CDK14 on phosphorylation of LRP6.	Alanine	22-29	LDL receptor related protein 6	Homo sapiens	127-131
24821782-2	2014	Here, we report the identification of a unique cytosolic nucleic acid cosensor in human airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts: DEAH (Asp-Glu-Ala-His) box polypeptide 29 (DHX29), a member of the DExD/H (Asp-Glu-x-Asp/His)-box helicase family.	Alanine	143-146	DExH-box helicase 29	Homo sapiens	172-177
11671061-3	1999	Here, L-Asal(2)(-) is the deprotonated salicylaldimine of L-alanine (A = a), L-valine (A = v), and L-phenylalanine (A = p).	Alanine	58-67	argininosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	8-12
24658352-5	2014	Six potential phosphorylation sites (Ser337, Ser343, Thr352, Ser344, Ser347, and Ser350) in CMKLR1 were substituted with alanine using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	121-128	chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
11390828-1	1999	Substituting an alanine for serine in the regulatory subunit of the motor protein myosin dramatically alters Drosophila"s flight ability.	Alanine	16-23	zipper	Drosophila melanogaster	82-88
24350826-4	2014	Recently, the advent of the first crystal structure of CYP2C19 allowed us to take in silico approaches including MD simulation, MM/GBSA calculation, energy decomposition, and alanine scanning to explore the stereoselectivity of CYP2C19 on R- and S-isomers of PPIs.	Alanine	175-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	55-62
10336493-6	1999	Functional analysis of the E2F1 core domain demonstrated that replacement of phenylalanine residues 413, 425, and 429 with alanine reduces both transcriptional activation of the dhfr promoter and protein-protein interactions with CBP, transcription factor (TF) IIH, and TATA-binding protein (TBP).	Alanine	83-90	dihydrofolate reductase	Mus musculus	178-182
10336493-6	1999	Functional analysis of the E2F1 core domain demonstrated that replacement of phenylalanine residues 413, 425, and 429 with alanine reduces both transcriptional activation of the dhfr promoter and protein-protein interactions with CBP, transcription factor (TF) IIH, and TATA-binding protein (TBP).	Alanine	83-90	CREB binding protein	Mus musculus	230-233
24350826-4	2014	Recently, the advent of the first crystal structure of CYP2C19 allowed us to take in silico approaches including MD simulation, MM/GBSA calculation, energy decomposition, and alanine scanning to explore the stereoselectivity of CYP2C19 on R- and S-isomers of PPIs.	Alanine	175-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	228-235
10082566-5	1999	Stable expression of a Rad51 mutant in which the aspartic acid residues were mutated to alanines (AVLA/N) confirmed that the DVLD/N site is responsible for the cleavage of Rad51 in IR-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	88-96	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	23-28
24672055-4	2014	Of importance, microspheres coated with JAM-A containing alanine substitutions to residues 43NNP45 (NNP-JAM-A) within the predicted trans-dimerization site did not aggregate.	Alanine	57-64	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	40-45
10082566-5	1999	Stable expression of a Rad51 mutant in which the aspartic acid residues were mutated to alanines (AVLA/N) confirmed that the DVLD/N site is responsible for the cleavage of Rad51 in IR-induced apoptosis.	Alanine	88-96	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	172-177
10196703-2	1999	A common ala-to-val mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) is associated with an elevated level of plasma homocysteine.	Alanine	9-12	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	36-71
10196703-2	1999	A common ala-to-val mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) is associated with an elevated level of plasma homocysteine.	Alanine	9-12	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	78-83
24568234-9	2014	The ONE- and hydroxyl radical-derived formation of N-terminal alpha-ketoamide and its transamination in the presence of PM were also observed in amyloid beta 1-11 (DAEFRHDSGYE), where the N-terminal Asp was converted to epimeric alanine.	Alanine	229-236	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	153-162
24036078-5	2014	Vpu activity is driven by dimerization with the host protein via its alanine rim Ala-8/11/15/19.	Alanine	69-76	Vpu	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	0-3
24036078-5	2014	Vpu activity is driven by dimerization with the host protein via its alanine rim Ala-8/11/15/19.	Alanine	81-84	Vpu	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	0-3
9894009-2	1999	Ala scanning mutagenesis was used to identify residues in the four putative transmembrane alpha-helices of hEBP that are required for catalytic activity.	Alanine	0-3	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	107-111
24423867-7	2014	Their substitutions with alanines severely impair the mRNA recruitment step in vivo suggesting that a/TIF32-PCI represents one of the key domains ensuring stable and efficient mRNA delivery to the PICs.	Alanine	25-33	translation initiation factor eIF3 core subunit a	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-107
9894009-4	1999	Out of 64 Ala mutants of hEBP only H77A-, E81A-, E123A-, T126A-, N194A-, and W197A-expressing yeast strains contained 10% or less of wild-type (wt) Delta5,7-sterols.	Alanine	10-13	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	25-29
24631795-6	2014	The urine ALA and blood ZPP levels in workers with the ALAD 1-1 genotype were higher than those with the ALADl-2 genotype.	Alanine	10-13	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	55-59
10078333-4	1999	In view of an increase in 14CO2 fixation and elevation of both cytosolic and mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratios, the activation of glucose formation from alanine upon the addition of glycerol and octanoate is likely due to (i) stimulation of pyruvate carboxylation, (ii) increased availability of NADH for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and (iii) elevation of mitochondrial redox state causing a diminished provision of ammonium for glutamine synthesis.	Alanine	150-157	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	302-342
24527068-3	2014	Replacement of conserved tryptophan residues in TIMP-2 with alanine led to a decrease in extracellular TIMP-2 levels and an increase in intracellular TIMP-2 levels.	Alanine	60-67	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	48-54
10757115-1	1999	Tropoelastin, which is secreted from the cell in a soluble form, contains specific alanine rich repeat domains that are destined to form covalent desmosine and isodesmosine crosslinks in mature insoluble elastin.	Alanine	83-90	elastin	Homo sapiens	0-12
10757115-1	1999	Tropoelastin, which is secreted from the cell in a soluble form, contains specific alanine rich repeat domains that are destined to form covalent desmosine and isodesmosine crosslinks in mature insoluble elastin.	Alanine	83-90	elastin	Homo sapiens	5-12
10757115-2	1999	We raised a monospecific polyclonal antibody to a AKAAAKAAAKA synthetic peptide (AKA) which represents this alanine rich region of tropoelastin.	Alanine	108-115	elastin	Homo sapiens	131-143
24527068-3	2014	Replacement of conserved tryptophan residues in TIMP-2 with alanine led to a decrease in extracellular TIMP-2 levels and an increase in intracellular TIMP-2 levels.	Alanine	60-67	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
24527068-3	2014	Replacement of conserved tryptophan residues in TIMP-2 with alanine led to a decrease in extracellular TIMP-2 levels and an increase in intracellular TIMP-2 levels.	Alanine	60-67	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
23474755-10	2014	More importantly, our data provide strong evidence that these TIMP-2 functions occur independent of MMP inhibition, as A549 cells overexpressing Ala+TIMP-2 exhibited identical behavior to those overexpressing TIMP-2 alone.	Alanine	145-148	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
9842991-2	1998	We detected associations between PON2 variation in codon 148 (Ala --&gt; Gly) and variation in fasting plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B.	Alanine	62-65	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
9765309-4	1998	Substituting Tyr-272, a proposed binding site for the toxins okadaic acid and microcystin-LR, in the beta12-beta13 loop with Trp, Phe, Asp, Arg, or Ala impaired PP1alpha inhibition by I-1 by 8-10-fold.	Alanine	148-151	serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit	Oryctolagus cuniculus	161-169
9802388-5	1998	The activity of each Ala-NPY analogue was assessed in mucosal preparations of rat jejunum, where NPY and PYY exert antisecretory responses which are Y2-like in pharmacology.	Alanine	21-24	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
9660812-9	1998	Four residues (Gln-15, Ala-49, Ser-107, and Gln-125) scattered on surfaces away from the active site appeared necessary and sufficient for UBC4-1-like conjugation.	Alanine	23-26	E2 ubiquitin-conjugating protein UBC4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	139-143
24213609-9	2014	An alanine mutation at Y352 of RTEF-1 disrupted the interaction of RTEF-1 with p65.	Alanine	3-10	TEA domain transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
9625873-0	1998	The role of Ca2+ in volume regulation induced by Na+-coupled alanine uptake in single proximal tubule cells isolated from frog kidney.	Alanine	61-68	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	12-15
24213609-9	2014	An alanine mutation at Y352 of RTEF-1 disrupted the interaction of RTEF-1 with p65.	Alanine	3-10	TEA domain transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
9625873-21	1998	The evidence suggests that volume regulation induced by Na+-coupled alanine uptake may be dependent on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.	Alanine	68-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	118-121
24213609-10	2014	Moreover, expression of RTEF-1 decreased TNF-alpha-induced HIF-1alpha promoter activity, IL-1beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels in cells; however, the effect of RTEF-1 was largely lost when Y352 was mutated to alanine.	Alanine	202-209	TEA domain transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
24422669-5	2014	Single alanine replacement of select amino acids spanning residues 25-30 (25VXHXMY30) reduced the ability for Vif to bind Cul5, but not CBF-beta or Elo B/C in pull-down experiments.	Alanine	7-14	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	110-113
9675061-3	1998	We have now improved the expression of TP2 over fivefold by (1) optimizing the codons for lysine, arginine, proline, leucine, glycine, valine, threonine, alanine, and tyrosine and (2) by engineering the vector-encoded 5" UTR.	Alanine	154-161	transition protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
24422669-8	2014	Although the Vif N-terminal amino acids were necessary for Cul5 interaction, the mutation of each residue to alanine induced a change in the secondary structure of the Vif-CBF-beta-Elo B/C complex as suggested by results from circular dichroism spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography experiments.	Alanine	109-116	Vif	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	168-171
24422669-8	2014	Although the Vif N-terminal amino acids were necessary for Cul5 interaction, the mutation of each residue to alanine induced a change in the secondary structure of the Vif-CBF-beta-Elo B/C complex as suggested by results from circular dichroism spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography experiments.	Alanine	109-116	elongin B	Homo sapiens	181-188
24323194-3	2014	In order to investigate the effects of the mutations in ace1"s characteristic sites on pesticide resistance, we generated mutations for three amino acids using site-directed mutagenesis, which were Ala(GCG)303Ser(TCG), Gly(GGA)329Ala(GCA) and Leu (TCT)554Ser(TTC).	Alanine	198-201	acetylcholinesterase type 1	Bombyx mori	56-60
9603939-9	1998	Importantly, transcriptional activation by the human GR (hGR), which contains an alanine (Ala150) at the position equivalent to Thr171 in rat GR, is not affected by GSK-3 overexpression.	Alanine	81-88	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-55
24382889-5	2014	Substitution of the respective serines by alanine showed that beta-adrenergic upregulation of the cardiac CaV1.2 channel did not depend on the phosphorylation of the in vitro specified amino acids.	Alanine	42-49	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	106-112
9713013-4	1998	A case is reported of a 4 year old girl in whom a diagnosis of MODY2 was established by the finding of a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 7 of the glucokinase gene, resulting in the substitution at codon 259 of alanine by threonine (A259T).	Alanine	217-224	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	63-68
9713013-4	1998	A case is reported of a 4 year old girl in whom a diagnosis of MODY2 was established by the finding of a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 7 of the glucokinase gene, resulting in the substitution at codon 259 of alanine by threonine (A259T).	Alanine	217-224	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	153-164
24239724-4	2014	The percent DMA of individuals with the Ala/Asp genotype of glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) was significantly lower than those with Ala/Ala.	Alanine	40-43	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	60-93
9607558-2	1998	This report describes a systematic charged residue-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the ATP-binding subdomain of the c-raf-1 gene.	Alanine	54-61	TNF receptor associated factor 3	Homo sapiens	119-126
9553104-2	1998	The mechanism of hydrolysis of this intermediate has been examined by generating a Gln-262 --&gt; Ala mutant of PTP1B, which allows the accumulation and trapping of the intermediate within a PTP1B crystal.	Alanine	98-101	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
9553104-2	1998	The mechanism of hydrolysis of this intermediate has been examined by generating a Gln-262 --&gt; Ala mutant of PTP1B, which allows the accumulation and trapping of the intermediate within a PTP1B crystal.	Alanine	98-101	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	191-196
24239724-4	2014	The percent DMA of individuals with the Ala/Asp genotype of glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) was significantly lower than those with Ala/Ala.	Alanine	40-43	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
24049075-6	2013	A single alanine substitution at S986 reduced activation of an E26 (ETS)-responsive reporter by oncogenic Ras and mitogen-induced, Elk-1-dependent transcription, whereas activities of other transcriptional activators were unaffected.	Alanine	9-16	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	131-136
9582025-5	1998	Moreover, sequence analysis of human wildtype p85beta revealed an alanine for serine substitution at a site important for the regulation of the lipid kinase activity of PI 3-kinase in human p85alpha.	Alanine	66-73	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	46-53
9535710-6	1998	A variant of eIF2alpha in which the phosphorylation site was changed to Ala was also expressed and purified.	Alanine	72-75	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	13-22
24483474-7	2013	From these measurements, the helical twisting power for L-alanine is found to be (1.1+-0.4)x10(-2) mum(-1) wt%(-1) for 15 wt% disodium cromoglycate.	Alanine	56-65	PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor	Homo sapiens	99-105
24167601-2	2013	Two polymorphisms of the FSHR gene were identified, which caused a change of threonine (T) to alanine (A) at position 307 and asparagine (N) to serine(S) at position 680.	Alanine	94-101	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
9593507-5	1998	Prolonged ACPD-mediated phosphorylation of the protein kinase C (PKC) substrate myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) was detected in the presence but not the absence of arachidonic acid, but arachidonic acid added 2 min after ACPD was ineffective.	Alanine	94-101	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Rattus norvegicus	127-133
9514049-5	1998	Direct sequencing revealed that K-ras codon 12 of six samples were TGT (Cys), five samples were GTT (Val), two samples were GCT (Ala) and one sample was TTT (Phe).	Alanine	129-132	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	32-37
24116162-3	2013	These differences may be due to a specific residue associated with the MIDAS, particularly the beta3 residue Ala(252) and corresponding Ala in the beta1 integrin compared to the analogous Asp residue in the beta2 and beta7 integrins.	Alanine	109-112	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	147-161
9499400-3	1998	In this study we performed an alanine-scan mutagenesis through the HAT (histone acetyltransferase) domain identified previously by deletion mapping in recombinant yeast Gcn5.	Alanine	30-37	histone acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-70
9499400-3	1998	In this study we performed an alanine-scan mutagenesis through the HAT (histone acetyltransferase) domain identified previously by deletion mapping in recombinant yeast Gcn5.	Alanine	30-37	histone acetyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-97
24116162-3	2013	These differences may be due to a specific residue associated with the MIDAS, particularly the beta3 residue Ala(252) and corresponding Ala in the beta1 integrin compared to the analogous Asp residue in the beta2 and beta7 integrins.	Alanine	136-139	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	147-161
24043860-4	2013	Here, using an eag domain-deleted channel (hERG Deltaeag) fused to Citrine fluorescent protein, we found that most channels bearing individual alanine mutations in the S4-S5 linker were directly regulated by recombinant eag domains fused to a cyan fluorescent protein (N-eag-CFP) and had robust Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET).	Alanine	143-150	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
9499091-3	1998	Translation of RNAs in reticulocyte lysates showed that cleavage at the nsP3/nsP4 site occurred efficiently for all mutants except for Glu-nsP4, which was cleaved inefficiently, and Pro-nsP4, which was not detectably cleaved, and that Tyr, Cys, Leu, Arg, and Phe destabilized nsP4 but Ala, Met, Thr, Asn, Gln, and Glu stabilized nsP4 to various extents.	Alanine	285-288	SH2 domain containing 3C	Homo sapiens	72-76
23553770-9	2013	To this purpose cells were transfected with mutant forms of p85, where Serine was replaced by Alanine, where phosphorylation is prevented, or Aspartic Acid, to mimic the phosphorylated residue.	Alanine	94-101	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	60-63
9480843-6	1998	The COOH-terminal region of the transcripts contained fifteen triplet repeats (GCT; alanine) at nucleotide 465 to 509, which is significantly expanded compared to the rat RL14.	Alanine	84-91	ribosomal protein L14	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
23965744-5	2013	Blocking N-cadherin function using specific peptides that interfere with the histidine-alanine-valine extracellular homophilic interaction domain caused early pathologic changes characterized by disruption of zonula adherens and abnormal intracellular accumulation of N-cadherin.	Alanine	87-94	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	9-19
9466817-3	1998	For these experiments, mutant proteins in which a single cysteine was replaced with alanine were expressed in p47PHOX-deficient Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblasts, and O2- production by these transfected cells was measured.	Alanine	84-91	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	110-117
9543106-0	1998	C677T (thermolabile alanine/valine) polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): its frequency and impact on plasma homocysteine concentration in different European populations.	Alanine	20-27	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	52-87
23965744-5	2013	Blocking N-cadherin function using specific peptides that interfere with the histidine-alanine-valine extracellular homophilic interaction domain caused early pathologic changes characterized by disruption of zonula adherens and abnormal intracellular accumulation of N-cadherin.	Alanine	87-94	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	268-278
9543106-0	1998	C677T (thermolabile alanine/valine) polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR): its frequency and impact on plasma homocysteine concentration in different European populations.	Alanine	20-27	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	89-94
23873214-5	2013	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the switch III motif is critical for bidirectional signal transmission of the GTPase-activating protein activity of MCM and the chaperone functions of MeaB in the MeaB-MCM complex.	Alanine	6-13	methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Homo sapiens	172-175
9543106-2	1998	A common polymorphism has been described in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, substituting an alanine (A) for a valine (V), where the V allele results in a thermolabile enzyme with reduced activity.	Alanine	114-121	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	48-83
9543106-2	1998	A common polymorphism has been described in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, substituting an alanine (A) for a valine (V), where the V allele results in a thermolabile enzyme with reduced activity.	Alanine	114-121	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	85-90
23873214-5	2013	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the switch III motif is critical for bidirectional signal transmission of the GTPase-activating protein activity of MCM and the chaperone functions of MeaB in the MeaB-MCM complex.	Alanine	6-13	methylmalonyl-CoA mutase	Homo sapiens	224-227
9454589-4	1998	Mutation of Phe117 to alanine causes a similar increase in agouti KI app at melanocortin receptor 4.	Alanine	22-29	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	76-99
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	3-7
9747041-1	1998	We found three novel polymorphisms in the beta ig-h3 gene in patients with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy: (1) a substitution from CTC to CTT at codon 472 that did not alter an amino acid; (2) a substitution from GCG (Ala) to GTG (Val) at codon 480; and (3) a substitution from C to T in intron 10, three nucleotides upstream from the acceptor site of exon 11.	Alanine	226-229	transforming growth factor beta induced	Homo sapiens	42-52
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	94-99
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
10806846-4	1998	Additionally, Lys, Val, Leu and Ala were also found very rich in HSP70 of all origins.	Alanine	32-35	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	165-170
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
23892456-7	2013	In Sox2, tyrosine to alanine mutations within a triple-repeat motif (S X T/S Y) abrogates the Nanog-Sox2 interaction, alters expression of genes associated with the Nanog-Sox2 cognate sequence, and reduces the ability of Sox2 to rescue ES cell differentiation induced by endogenous Sox2 deletion.	Alanine	21-28	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
23720348-10	2013	Mutation of SHP-1-S591 to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, increases inhibition of NFAT5 by SHP-1.	Alanine	26-33	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens	12-17
9343420-6	1997	The replacement of three arginine residues by alanines in the M-Twist basic domain was sufficient to abolish both the binding and inhibition of MyoD by M-Twist, while the domain retained other M-Twist functions such as heterodimerization with an E protein and inhibition of MEF2 transactivation.	Alanine	46-54	twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	152-159
9343420-6	1997	The replacement of three arginine residues by alanines in the M-Twist basic domain was sufficient to abolish both the binding and inhibition of MyoD by M-Twist, while the domain retained other M-Twist functions such as heterodimerization with an E protein and inhibition of MEF2 transactivation.	Alanine	46-54	twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	152-159
23720348-10	2013	Mutation of SHP-1-S591 to alanine, which cannot be phosphorylated, increases inhibition of NFAT5 by SHP-1.	Alanine	26-33	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens	100-105
23514341-2	2013	Intensive catalytic activity in solvolysis of sterically hindered Z-Aib-Aib-ONp under ambient conditions was observed for structures bearing the catalytic triad as well as for structures with the peptide fragment shortened to a dipeptide or even a single Ser, Glu or His residue, but not for structures bearing alanine or phenylalanine residues.	Alanine	311-318	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	68-71
9370362-6	1997	Like gastrointestinal trefoil peptides, dopuin has three disulphide bridges, Ala-Pro segments, and many charged residues, but they are differently distributed and dopuin belongs to a separate, apparently novel family.	Alanine	77-80	cytochrome c oxidase copper chaperone COX17	Sus scrofa	40-46
9299525-7	1997	Consistent with this observation, alanine substitution of one of these residues (K687) in Rlf significantly reduced affinity for Ras-GTP.	Alanine	34-41	RLF zinc finger	Homo sapiens	90-93
23514341-2	2013	Intensive catalytic activity in solvolysis of sterically hindered Z-Aib-Aib-ONp under ambient conditions was observed for structures bearing the catalytic triad as well as for structures with the peptide fragment shortened to a dipeptide or even a single Ser, Glu or His residue, but not for structures bearing alanine or phenylalanine residues.	Alanine	311-318	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	72-75
23625009-4	2013	We find that mutant cellular AP-1 proteins, Jun(A266S) and Fos(A151S), with alanine-to-serine substitutions homologous to Z(S186), exhibit altered DNA-binding affinity and preferentially bind methylated ZREs.	Alanine	76-83	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
9302993-0	1997	Structural basis of allosteric changes in the GroEL mutant Arg197--&gt;Ala.	Alanine	71-74	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
9268311-5	1997	In contrast, alanine replacement of the homologous Asp-286 and Ile-287 residues in IDH2 does not alter the allosteric response to AMP, but produces a 160-fold reduction in Vmax due to a 70-fold increase in the S0.5 value for NAD+.	Alanine	13-20	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)) IDH2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
23625009-4	2013	We find that mutant cellular AP-1 proteins, Jun(A266S) and Fos(A151S), with alanine-to-serine substitutions homologous to Z(S186), exhibit altered DNA-binding affinity and preferentially bind methylated ZREs.	Alanine	76-83	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	59-62
23330737-9	2013	Melatonin docked into the active site cleft of MMP-9 and interacted with key catalytic site residues including the three histidines that form the coordination complex with the catalytic zinc as well as proline 421 and alanine 191.	Alanine	218-225	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	47-52
9337875-6	1997	This conserved cysteine, located at amino acid position 84 in IDS, was replaced either by an alanine (C84A) or by a threonine (C84T) using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	93-100	iduronate 2-sulfatase	Homo sapiens	62-65
23468493-8	2013	Alanine substitution of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in ORF2 increased the steady-state protein levels in Neuro-2A cells, and this protein preferentially interacted with double-stranded DNA.	Alanine	0-7	OFD1, centriole and centriolar satellite protein	Mus musculus	68-72
11670077-0	1997	Equilibration of syn- and anti(Me)-[Co(Mecyclen)(S-AlaO)](2+) Isomers via One-Ended Dissociation of (S)-Alanine.	Alanine	100-111	synemin	Homo sapiens	17-20
23315449-10	2013	W43A mutant with a single alanine substitution showed loss of association of NS4B with LDs and severely reduced release of infectious virions compared with wild-type JFH1.	Alanine	26-33	polyprotein;protein F	Hepatitis C virus genotype 1	77-81
9388695-0	1997	Structure-function studies of the brain-type glucose transporter, GLUT3: alanine-scanning mutagenesis of putative transmembrane helix 8.	Alanine	73-80	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
23193172-3	2013	In this work, alanine scanning mutagenesis of various ADA amino acid stretches, selected through in silico docking experiments, allowed us to identify regions of the enzyme responsible for modulating both its catalytic activity and its ability to modulate agonist binding to A and A adenosine receptors (AR and AR).	Alanine	14-21	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	54-57
9231799-3	1997	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to destroy the peroxisomal targeting signal of human insulin-degrading enzyme by changing alanine to leucine (AL.pts), leucine to valine (LV.pts), or by deleting the entire tripeptide (DEL.pts).	Alanine	125-132	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	88-112
23354132-7	2013	Furthermore, the eIF2alpha knockdown sensitized             cells to simvastatin-induced apoptosis and the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable             eIF2alpha-mutant [serine 51(Ser51)/alanine] enhanced the stabilization of p53 and             its translocation to the mitochondria in response to simvastatin treatment.	Alanine	195-202	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	17-26
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-67
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-77
9220985-1	1997	Mutation of three Arg residues, 93, 97, and 101, to Ala in thrombin (thrombin R93,97,101A) has previously been shown to eliminate most heparin acceleration of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin and most of the ability of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on thrombomodulin (TM) to enhance affinity for TM and to eliminate the characteristic high-affinity interaction with protein C observed with TM lacking CS.	Alanine	52-55	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-77
9211897-8	1997	Mutant (Glu191--&gt;Ala,His193--&gt;Ala,Lys195--&gt;Ala) enhanced LCAT activation (131%), and mutant (Ala152--&gt;Leu, Leu159--&gt;Trp) exhibited normal LCAT activation as compared with the wild type proapoA-I and plasma apoA-I forms [corrected].	Alanine	20-23	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	66-70
9211897-8	1997	Mutant (Glu191--&gt;Ala,His193--&gt;Ala,Lys195--&gt;Ala) enhanced LCAT activation (131%), and mutant (Ala152--&gt;Leu, Leu159--&gt;Trp) exhibited normal LCAT activation as compared with the wild type proapoA-I and plasma apoA-I forms [corrected].	Alanine	36-39	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	66-70
23354132-7	2013	Furthermore, the eIF2alpha knockdown sensitized             cells to simvastatin-induced apoptosis and the overexpression of a non-phosphorylatable             eIF2alpha-mutant [serine 51(Ser51)/alanine] enhanced the stabilization of p53 and             its translocation to the mitochondria in response to simvastatin treatment.	Alanine	195-202	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	160-169
9252072-7	1997	The 229Pro--&gt;Ala mutation for ACT deficiency was identified by PCR techniques.	Alanine	16-19	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	33-36
9252072-14	1997	Only one patient with subnormal ACT levels was heterozygous for the 229Pro--&gt;Ala mutation of ACT deficiency.	Alanine	80-83	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	96-99
23103552-5	2013	As one of the targets of PHOX2B is the PHOX2B gene itself, we tested the transcriptional activity of wild-type and mutant proteins on the PHOX2B gene promoter, and found that the transactivation ability of proteins with polyalanine expansions decreased as a function of the length of the expansion, whereas DNA binding was severely affected only in the case of the mutant with the longest polyalanine tract (+13 alanine).	Alanine	224-231	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	25-31
9252072-17	1997	In contrast, low plasma levels of ACT that may be acquired or hereditary, due to mutations other than 229Pro--&gt;Ala, are frequent in HCV infection.	Alanine	114-117	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	34-37
9185526-4	1997	By direct sequencing of the thyrotropin receptor gene, we identified the substitution of threonine in place of a highly conserved alanine at position 553, in the fourth predicted transmembrane domain.	Alanine	130-137	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	28-48
23103552-5	2013	As one of the targets of PHOX2B is the PHOX2B gene itself, we tested the transcriptional activity of wild-type and mutant proteins on the PHOX2B gene promoter, and found that the transactivation ability of proteins with polyalanine expansions decreased as a function of the length of the expansion, whereas DNA binding was severely affected only in the case of the mutant with the longest polyalanine tract (+13 alanine).	Alanine	224-231	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	39-45
9188717-9	1997	Alanine-scan mutations of the CD45 transmembrane region demonstrate that no single amino acid is essential for the interaction with CD45AP.	Alanine	0-7	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C polypeptide-associated protein	Mus musculus	132-138
23103552-5	2013	As one of the targets of PHOX2B is the PHOX2B gene itself, we tested the transcriptional activity of wild-type and mutant proteins on the PHOX2B gene promoter, and found that the transactivation ability of proteins with polyalanine expansions decreased as a function of the length of the expansion, whereas DNA binding was severely affected only in the case of the mutant with the longest polyalanine tract (+13 alanine).	Alanine	224-231	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	39-45
23286197-8	2013	Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the binding site on SLIP1 for SLBP lies close to the dimer interface.	Alanine	6-13	MIF4G domain containing	Homo sapiens	76-81
9211089-2	1997	The association of the alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), one of the key enzymes catalyzing re-methylation of homocysteine, with coronary artery disease was examined in 362 Japanese males with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease confirmed with coronary angiography.	Alanine	23-30	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	103-108
24372240-7	2013	The protein-protein docking showed that the aminoacid residues of NS3 which were interacting with NRBP were found to be Ala 325, Asp 324, Phe 326, Asp 335, Glu 336, Glu 328, Asp 485, Gln 478, Arg 459, Gly 446 and Leu 480.	Alanine	120-123	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	66-69
9266477-1	1997	The structure of neuromedin C, a 10-residue bombesin-like neuropeptide with the sequence Gly-Asn-His-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2, has been investigated.	Alanine	105-108	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	17-29
24372240-7	2013	The protein-protein docking showed that the aminoacid residues of NS3 which were interacting with NRBP were found to be Ala 325, Asp 324, Phe 326, Asp 335, Glu 336, Glu 328, Asp 485, Gln 478, Arg 459, Gly 446 and Leu 480.	Alanine	120-123	nuclear receptor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
9174356-0	1997	Structure-function studies of the brain-type glucose transporter, GLUT3: alanine-scanning mutagenesis of putative transmembrane helix VIII and an investigation of the role of proline residues in transport catalysis.	Alanine	73-80	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
23182424-4	2013	We constructed two variants of hDMC1 altering the conserved lysine residue of the Walker A motif to arginine (hDMC1(K132R)) or alanine (hDMC1(K132A)).	Alanine	127-134	DNA meiotic recombinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
9174356-2	1997	In an effort to understand structure-function relationships within such transporters, we have employed alanine-scanning mutagenesis to examine the functional importance of each residue within putative transmembrane helix VIII of the human GLUT3 isoform.	Alanine	103-110	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	239-244
9148902-8	1997	Furthermore, synthetic peptides corresponding to the sequence surrounding Tyr184 that contained P-Ser (or Glu) at position 186 were much more efficient substrates for CKII phosphorylation of Tyr184 than a synthetic peptide containing Ala at position 186.	Alanine	234-237	casein kinase IIalpha	Drosophila melanogaster	167-171
22453054-3	2012	Our previously published study reported a novel proteoglycan PTP1B inhibitor, named Fudan-Yueyang-Ganoderma lucidum (FYGL) from G. lucidum, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5 12 (sem 0 05) mug/ml, a protein:polyglycan ratio of 17:77 and 78 % glucose in polysaccharide, and dominant amino acid residues of aspartic acid, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, serine and threonine in protein.	Alanine	372-379	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1	Mus musculus	61-66
9171376-2	1997	Using an in vivo assay a form of ANTP that has alanine substitutions at its CKII target sites has, in addition to wild-type ANTP functions, the ability to alter severely thoracic and abdominal development.	Alanine	47-54	casein kinase IIalpha	Drosophila melanogaster	76-80
22939793-0	2012	Identification of the critical amino acid residues of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G epitopes in beta-lactoglobulin by alanine scanning analysis.	Alanine	126-133	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	104-122
9131587-10	1997	Mutation of these residues to alanine prevents MDM2"s interaction with p53 in vitro, and MDM2"s regulation of p53"s transcriptional activity in vivo.	Alanine	30-37	stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-51
22910912-6	2012	Point mutational analyses of C21 revealed that a conserved proline residue (Pro-221) is central to degron activity, and mutation to alanine (P221A) increased NKX3.1 half-life &gt;2-fold.	Alanine	132-139	NK3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	158-164
9067503-4	1997	A point mutation at codon 970 of the alpha-spectrin gene (GCT--&gt;GAT), that changes the encoded amino acid from an alanine to an aspartic acid, was identified in genomic DNA of affected patients.	Alanine	117-124	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	67-70
22974015-8	2012	Models reveal that for efficient reduction the deprotonated amide N in the Ala 2-Glu 3 peptide bond has to be protonated and that interactions in the second coordination sphere make important contributions to the reductive pathway, in particular the interaction between COO(-) and NH(2) groups of Asp 1.	Alanine	75-78	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	297-302
9102178-3	1997	A common mutation in MTHFR, an alanine-to-valine substitution, may contribute to mild hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease (CAD).	Alanine	31-38	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	21-26
22707565-5	2012	Mutating the dileucine motif in helix 8 of BLT1 to alanines (BLT1 LLAA) enhanced LTB4-dependent internalization of BLT1, whereas wild-type (WT) BLT1 exhibited minimal internalization.	Alanine	51-59	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
9075934-2	1997	Using site-directed mutagenesis, residues on HLA-C that determine the locus specificity (alphaVal-76), allotype group specificity (a dimorphism alphaAsn-80/Lys-80), and affinity of NKIR binding (a second pair of dimorphisms, alphaAla-73, Asp-90 or alphaThr-73, Ala-90) have been identified.	Alanine	230-233	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	45-50
9075934-2	1997	Using site-directed mutagenesis, residues on HLA-C that determine the locus specificity (alphaVal-76), allotype group specificity (a dimorphism alphaAsn-80/Lys-80), and affinity of NKIR binding (a second pair of dimorphisms, alphaAla-73, Asp-90 or alphaThr-73, Ala-90) have been identified.	Alanine	230-233	CD300 molecule like family member f	Homo sapiens	181-185
9032336-3	1997	Alanine substitution of 9 of the 10 residues composing the gp41 amphipathic alpha-helix 4-3 hydrophobic repeat sequence was required to inhibit mutant-wild-type hetero-oligomerization and to render the envelope glycoprotein precursor, gp160, monomeric.	Alanine	0-7	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	202-223
22707565-5	2012	Mutating the dileucine motif in helix 8 of BLT1 to alanines (BLT1 LLAA) enhanced LTB4-dependent internalization of BLT1, whereas wild-type (WT) BLT1 exhibited minimal internalization.	Alanine	51-59	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
9098936-4	1997	In an African-American Black individual with the HLA phenotype A23.30;B58,63;Cw6;DR18,12;DR52;DQ5,2, we found a fourth example of this dimorphism: the new DQB1*0203 allele, that was identical to DQB1*0202 except for codon 57, which encodes aspartic acid and alanine respectively in the two alleles.	Alanine	258-265	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
22707565-5	2012	Mutating the dileucine motif in helix 8 of BLT1 to alanines (BLT1 LLAA) enhanced LTB4-dependent internalization of BLT1, whereas wild-type (WT) BLT1 exhibited minimal internalization.	Alanine	51-59	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
22943296-5	2012	Further, the residues Lys 18, Thr 20, Ala 21, Val 22, Phe 46, Glu 48, Lys 50, Lys 58, Thr 75, Gln 77, Arg 97 and Ile 98 form hot point motif, which on interaction enhances BDNF"s function.	Alanine	38-41	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	172-176
9047323-7	1997	The results from these experiments indicated that the native proteolytic site in MAG was located extracellularly and occurred between residues 512 (Ala) and 513 (Lys), with a large hydrophobic residue at the P2 position (Trp-511).	Alanine	148-151	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	81-84
9020189-18	1997	Consistent with this formulation, a non-phosphorylatable mutant of phosducin (phosducin Ser-73 --&gt; Ala) is an even more effective inhibitor of desensitization and membrane targeting of GRK3 than the wild-type protein.	Alanine	102-105	phosducin	Homo sapiens	67-76
22795618-8	2012	Furthermore, it has been found that altered peptide ligands, which are produced through single alanine residue substitutions at a critical TCR contact position, abolish the T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production induced by K17 pathogenic peptides.	Alanine	95-102	keratin 17	Homo sapiens	230-233
9020189-18	1997	Consistent with this formulation, a non-phosphorylatable mutant of phosducin (phosducin Ser-73 --&gt; Ala) is an even more effective inhibitor of desensitization and membrane targeting of GRK3 than the wild-type protein.	Alanine	102-105	phosducin	Homo sapiens	78-87
22722989-4	2012	Polymorphism g.10329C&gt;T was predicted to result in an amino acid replacement from alanine to valine in the SCD protein.	Alanine	85-92	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	110-113
9012484-2	1997	An assay was developed for distinguishing type I CGbeta allelic genes beta7 and beta6, which possess a GCC codon corresponding to an alanine at position 117 of hCGbeta, from type II CGbeta genes beta8, beta5, and beta3 and its allele beta9, which possess a GAC codon corresponding to an aspartic acid at the same position.	Alanine	133-140	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	49-55
9012484-2	1997	An assay was developed for distinguishing type I CGbeta allelic genes beta7 and beta6, which possess a GCC codon corresponding to an alanine at position 117 of hCGbeta, from type II CGbeta genes beta8, beta5, and beta3 and its allele beta9, which possess a GAC codon corresponding to an aspartic acid at the same position.	Alanine	133-140	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	160-218
23427517-5	2012	PHOXB direct sequencing showed a heterozygous in-frame duplication of 21 bp leading to an expansion of +7 alanines within the 20 alanine stretch of the PHOX2B gene and confirmed our diagnosis.	Alanine	106-114	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	152-158
8995667-5	1997	Indeed, the chimeric genomes encoding an active NS3 protease produced infectious viruses in mammalian cells, while those encoding NS3 inactivated by alanine substitution of the catalytic serine did not.	Alanine	149-156	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	130-133
9013874-1	1997	beta-Lactamase, from which the disulfide bond was removed by two Cys--&gt;Ala mutations, forms stable complexes with GroEL only during the first 30 s of folding, while wild-type beta-lactamase forms no stable complex under these conditions.	Alanine	74-77	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
9013874-4	1997	This shows that GroEL is unable to bind late folding intermediates and also discriminates between the degree of unfolding possible in wild-type disulfide-containing beta-lactamase and the Cys-Ala mutant.	Alanine	192-195	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
23427517-5	2012	PHOXB direct sequencing showed a heterozygous in-frame duplication of 21 bp leading to an expansion of +7 alanines within the 20 alanine stretch of the PHOX2B gene and confirmed our diagnosis.	Alanine	106-113	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	152-158
22535957-8	2012	Subsequent experiments in mammalian cells confirmed the role of conserved extracellular threonine residues and demonstrated that FXYD7 protein, in which these have been mutated to alanine, is trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.	Alanine	180-187	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 7	Homo sapiens	129-134
9381974-11	1997	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of residues in the immediate vicinity of the phosphorylation site (serine 293) indicates that only arginine 288 is required for recognition of serine 293 as a phosphorylation site by the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase.	Alanine	0-7	branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase	Rattus norvegicus	216-266
22406499-0	2012	Eight-alanine duplication in homeobox D13 in a Chinese family with synpolydactyly.	Alanine	6-13	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	29-41
9474806-5	1997	Then, using a yeast expression system, we prepared a mutant beta-Lg (mutD129A) with the same substitution of Ala for 129Asp as that in pD129A.	Alanine	109-112	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	60-67
9238644-5	1997	The His-epsilon Ahx-beta Ala-His tetrapeptide also inhibited purified human MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the corresponding enzymes present in conditioned media from human tumour cells.	Alanine	25-28	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	86-91
22406499-5	2012	This study further confirmed the correlation between SPD and alanine expansion in HOXD13.	Alanine	61-68	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	82-88
22389451-2	2012	A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the region of the key ATM activation site of RASSF1A predicts the conversion of alanine (encoded by the major G allele) to serine (encoded by the minor T allele) at residue 133 of RASSF1A (p.Ala133Ser).	Alanine	124-131	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	89-96
8940272-7	1996	Six of these patients have four mutations in the MTHFR gene-two rare mutations causing severe deficiency and two mutations for the common alanine-to-valine mutation that results in thermolability.	Alanine	138-145	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	49-54
22389451-2	2012	A single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the region of the key ATM activation site of RASSF1A predicts the conversion of alanine (encoded by the major G allele) to serine (encoded by the minor T allele) at residue 133 of RASSF1A (p.Ala133Ser).	Alanine	124-131	Ras association domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	224-231
8969896-5	1996	Replacement of Val-320 of CYP11B1 by alanine, the corresponding residue found in CYP11B2, led to production of aldosterone by this mutant enzyme.	Alanine	37-44	cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	26-33
22437207-1	2012	Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS; MIM 209880) is caused mostly by dominant alanine expansion (most prevalent is 7-alanine expansion) mutations in PHOX2B.	Alanine	92-99	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	163-169
8958051-5	1996	This T-helper 1 (Th1) type, GAT (synthetic copolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine and L-tyrosine)-specific clone is characterized by an efficient downregulation of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) with time following antigenic stimulation.	Alanine	73-82	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	165-187
8958051-5	1996	This T-helper 1 (Th1) type, GAT (synthetic copolymer of L-glutamic acid, L-alanine and L-tyrosine)-specific clone is characterized by an efficient downregulation of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) with time following antigenic stimulation.	Alanine	73-82	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	189-194
22183302-7	2012	Moreover, the lowest P = 0.0772 was found in the comparison of MTHFR Ala/Ala versus Val/Val and Val/Ala genotypes in patients and control groups.	Alanine	69-72	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	63-68
8923835-7	1996	Only 2 of 30 had somatic mutations of the TSH-R (codon 632: ACC to GCC, Thr to Ala; and ACC to ATC, Thr to Ile, respectively), the latter in a patient with a thyroid hormone-producting follicular carcinoma.	Alanine	79-82	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	42-47
8824245-0	1996	Alanine substitution for Thr268 and Asp269 of soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor alpha component defines a specific antagonist for the CNTF response.	Alanine	0-7	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	54-103
8824245-0	1996	Alanine substitution for Thr268 and Asp269 of soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor alpha component defines a specific antagonist for the CNTF response.	Alanine	0-7	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	83-87
22183302-7	2012	Moreover, the lowest P = 0.0772 was found in the comparison of MTHFR Ala/Ala versus Val/Val and Val/Ala genotypes in patients and control groups.	Alanine	73-76	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	63-68
8824245-3	1996	In the present study we show that alanine substitution for residues Thr268 and Asp269 of the CNTFRalpha subunit results in a mutated receptor subunit (R3), which can bind CNTF with an affinity similar to that of the wild type CNTFRalpha but, when expressed as a soluble receptor subunit, lowers the binding of CNTF to its tripartite receptor.	Alanine	34-41	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	93-97
22440308-12	2012	Genetic analysis showed a heterozygous five alanine expansion mutation of the 20-residue polyalanine tract in exon 3 of the PHOX2B gene.	Alanine	44-51	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	124-130
8824245-3	1996	In the present study we show that alanine substitution for residues Thr268 and Asp269 of the CNTFRalpha subunit results in a mutated receptor subunit (R3), which can bind CNTF with an affinity similar to that of the wild type CNTFRalpha but, when expressed as a soluble receptor subunit, lowers the binding of CNTF to its tripartite receptor.	Alanine	34-41	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	171-175
8784093-12	1996	These results are in agreement with the observations based on the crystallographic structure of TTR-Thr109 indicating that the extra atoms in Val as in Thr, which are absent in the Ala of the wild type TTR, widen the ligand binding site.	Alanine	181-184	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	96-99
8784093-12	1996	These results are in agreement with the observations based on the crystallographic structure of TTR-Thr109 indicating that the extra atoms in Val as in Thr, which are absent in the Ala of the wild type TTR, widen the ligand binding site.	Alanine	181-184	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	202-205
22053095-7	2012	More vascular endothelial growth factor and FN were expressed and localized in ovaries of Ala-TIMP1-treated rats compared to rTIMP1- and PBS-treated rats inferring MMP-independent functions.	Alanine	90-93	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
22053095-9	2012	Furthermore, after coimmunoprecipitation, more CD63 was bound to TIMP1 in ovaries of rats treated with Ala-TIMP1 than in rTIMP1-treated rats, providing evidence for another MMP-independent mechanism of ovulatory dysfunction.	Alanine	103-106	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
8823380-2	1996	The MS patients had elevated IgG antibody to EBNA-1, as measured by reactivity with a synthetic glycine/alanine peptide, P62, which represents the glycine/alanine repeat in EBNA-1.	Alanine	104-111	nucleoporin 62	Homo sapiens	121-124
22053095-9	2012	Furthermore, after coimmunoprecipitation, more CD63 was bound to TIMP1 in ovaries of rats treated with Ala-TIMP1 than in rTIMP1-treated rats, providing evidence for another MMP-independent mechanism of ovulatory dysfunction.	Alanine	103-106	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
22248857-0	2012	Discovery of a new class of potent prolylcarboxypeptidase inhibitors derived from alanine.	Alanine	82-89	prolylcarboxypeptidase	Homo sapiens	35-57
8896178-8	1996	The sequence of the DQB1*0203 allele, associated with DR3, differs from DQB1*0201 by only one nucleotide substitution (C--&gt;A) in the second position of codon 57, resulting in an Ala to Asp change.	Alanine	181-184	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
22128186-4	2012	Two of these analogues, namely melittin Mut-1 (MM-1) and melittin Mut-2 (MM-2), possess leucine to alanine substitutions in the single and double heptadic leucine residue(s) of melittin, respectively, whereas the third analogue is a scrambled peptide (Mel-SCR) that contains the amino acid composition of melittin with minor rearrangement in its leucine zipper sequence.	Alanine	99-106	Mix1 homeobox-like 1 (Xenopus laevis)	Mus musculus	47-51
8896178-8	1996	The sequence of the DQB1*0203 allele, associated with DR3, differs from DQB1*0201 by only one nucleotide substitution (C--&gt;A) in the second position of codon 57, resulting in an Ala to Asp change.	Alanine	181-184	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
8761310-5	1996	Substitution of this residue with alanine enhanced CSF-1-dependent colony formation in semi-solid medium of NIH3T3 cells expressing a mitogenically defective CSF-1 receptor [Y809F].	Alanine	34-41	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	51-56
8710911-6	1996	The frequencies of alleles DQB1*0302, 0303, and 06, which share a specific amino acid sequence from position 71 to 77 (Thr-Arg-Ala-Glu-Leu-Val-Thr) were also increased (P = 0.01).	Alanine	127-130	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
21983135-4	2012	Substitution of Asn and Ser at positions 309 and 313, respectively, with alanine increased the affinity of C-CPE for claudin-4.	Alanine	73-80	carboxypeptidase E	Mus musculus	109-112
8760387-8	1996	The syntaxin 4-encoding region from skeletal muscle contains five nucleotide differences from the previously reported placental cDNA sequence, two of which result in amino acid changes: Asp-174 to Glu and Val-269 to Ala.	Alanine	216-219	syntaxin 4	Homo sapiens	4-14
21983135-11	2012	These findings suggest that the alanine-substituted C-CPE mutant shows promise as a claudin-targeted mucosal vaccine.	Alanine	32-39	carboxypeptidase E	Mus musculus	54-57
22837710-8	2012	Substitution of either L52 with Ala or F148 with Ser of ALG-2 caused loss of binding abilities to PLSCR3 lacking type 1 motif but retained those to PLSCR3 lacking type 2 motif, strongly supporting the hypothesis that Pocket 3 is the binding site for type 2 motif.	Alanine	32-35	ALG2 alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	56-61
8810738-5	1996	The results obtained indicated a normal T4 binding affinity for heterozygotic TTR Ala 49, TTR Leu 68, TTR Ala 71 and TTR Arg 102.	Alanine	82-85	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	78-81
22052738-0	2012	Enhancement of the inhibitory effect of an IL-15 antagonist peptide by alanine scanning.	Alanine	71-78	interleukin 15	Homo sapiens	43-48
8725217-4	1996	A partial deletion of SCA1 (sca1 delta ::hisG) suppresses alanine or glutamate substitutions at position two of the consensus CTD sequence, and a lethal CTD truncation mutation, but SCA1 deletion does not suppress alanine or glutamate substitutions at position five.	Alanine	214-221	Ssn2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
8725217-4	1996	A partial deletion of SCA1 (sca1 delta ::hisG) suppresses alanine or glutamate substitutions at position two of the consensus CTD sequence, and a lethal CTD truncation mutation, but SCA1 deletion does not suppress alanine or glutamate substitutions at position five.	Alanine	214-221	Ssn2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
21884792-5	2012	Previous mutational analyses of the hVDR have mainly focused on residues lining the receptor"s ligand binding pocket (LBP) and techniques such as alanine scanning mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	146-153	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	36-40
8626701-3	1996	To identify additional residues required for PKC-mediated phosphorylation of CD3 gamma and for TCR down-regulation, an alanine scanning of CD3 gamma was done.	Alanine	119-126	CD3 gamma subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	77-86
8621427-4	1996	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify a positively charged surface in VEGF that mediates binding to KDR/Flk-1.	Alanine	0-7	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	112-115
8621427-4	1996	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify a positively charged surface in VEGF that mediates binding to KDR/Flk-1.	Alanine	0-7	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	116-121
22910362-6	2012	Importantly, Ala mutation of these sites abolishes autophosphorylation of PINK1 and inhibits Parkin recruitment onto depolarized mitochondria, whereas Asp (phosphorylation-mimic) mutation promotes mitochondrial localization of Parkin even though autophosphorylation was still compromised.	Alanine	13-16	PTEN induced kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
21964250-1	2012	Heterozygous in frame duplications of the PHOX2B gene, leading to polyalanine (polyAla) expansions ranging from +5 to +13 residues of a 20-alanine stretch, have been identified in the vast majority of patients affected with Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS), a rare neurocristopathy characterized by absence of adequate autonomic control of respiration with decreased sensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia.	Alanine	70-77	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	42-48
8631976-6	1996	Mutant rA1 domain constructs (Val64 --&gt; Ala and Ile77 --&gt; Ala), which do not inhibit FXI binding to HK, retain full capacity to inhibit FXI activation by thrombin.	Alanine	43-46	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
21964250-6	2012	In particular, we tested 17-AAG, ibuprofen, 4-PBA, curcumin, trehalose, congo red and chrysamine G for their ability to i) recover the nuclear localisation of polyAla expanded PHOX2B, ii) rescue of PHOX2B mediated transactivation of the DBH promoter, and iii) clearance of PHOX2B (+13 Ala) aggregates.	Alanine	163-166	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	176-182
8631976-6	1996	Mutant rA1 domain constructs (Val64 --&gt; Ala and Ile77 --&gt; Ala), which do not inhibit FXI binding to HK, retain full capacity to inhibit FXI activation by thrombin.	Alanine	64-67	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
21964250-6	2012	In particular, we tested 17-AAG, ibuprofen, 4-PBA, curcumin, trehalose, congo red and chrysamine G for their ability to i) recover the nuclear localisation of polyAla expanded PHOX2B, ii) rescue of PHOX2B mediated transactivation of the DBH promoter, and iii) clearance of PHOX2B (+13 Ala) aggregates.	Alanine	163-166	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	198-204
21945257-9	2011	Further, mutating all three of the amino acids of the NS1(130-132) glycosylation motif (NTT-QQA) along with NS1(175) and NS1(207) asparagine to alanine mutations gave the most stable and attenuated strain.	Alanine	144-151	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Mus musculus	54-57
8772492-3	1996	FAS and SCD mRNA in both tissues of obese (Avy) mice were dramatically increased relative to lean (ala) controls.	Alanine	99-102	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	8-11
8892013-2	1996	In mild MTHFR deficiency with thermolabile enzyme, a single common mutation (an alanine-to-valine substitution) is involved, but a genetic-nutrient interactive effect is required to produce mild hyperhomocysteinaemia.	Alanine	80-87	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	8-13
21945257-9	2011	Further, mutating all three of the amino acids of the NS1(130-132) glycosylation motif (NTT-QQA) along with NS1(175) and NS1(207) asparagine to alanine mutations gave the most stable and attenuated strain.	Alanine	144-151	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
21945257-9	2011	Further, mutating all three of the amino acids of the NS1(130-132) glycosylation motif (NTT-QQA) along with NS1(175) and NS1(207) asparagine to alanine mutations gave the most stable and attenuated strain.	Alanine	144-151	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
21560118-7	2011	Replacement of this aspartic acid residue with alanine disrupts TM5 self-association in detergent micelles and bacterial cell membranes.	Alanine	47-54	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	64-67
7493935-0	1995	Identification of an active site arginine in rat choline acetyltransferase by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	78-85	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	49-74
7493935-2	1995	In order to identify this residue seven conserved arginines in rat choline acetyltransferase were converted to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis, and the properties of these mutants were compared with the wild type enzyme.	Alanine	111-118	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	67-92
21813750-5	2011	An alanine scan functional analysis was performed of all nine cysteinyl positions in mammalian prestin.	Alanine	3-10	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	95-102
7545674-4	1995	By deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis, another set of residues that are critical for IL-2R-mediated signaling has now been identified.	Alanine	16-23	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	92-97
7669921-2	1995	CD spectroscopic studies on two synthetic fragments of the human neurofilament protein midsized subunit (NF-M), and their alanine-for-serine-substituted and/or serine-phosphorylated derivatives showed the formation of stable, citric acid resistant complexes of Al3+ with peptide ligands [M. Hollosi, Z. M. Shen, A. Perczel, and G. D. Fasman (1994) Proc.	Alanine	122-129	neurofilament medium chain	Homo sapiens	65-103
21880725-5	2011	We found that Ala-to-Gly exchange in human 15-LOX2 and human platelet 12-LOX induced major alterations in the reaction specificity with an increase of specific R-oxygenation products.	Alanine	14-17	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	46-49
8589549-5	1995	In order to determine the involvement of individual residues within this region of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit in receptor binding inhibitory activity, truncated and alanine-substituted peptide analogs were synthesized and tested in both FSH and hCG radioligand receptor competition assays.	Alanine	177-184	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	87-121
7667280-6	1995	The predicted pattern of I-A allele-specific effects on CLIP binding is very similar to that observed experimentally by alanine-scanning mutations of CLIP.	Alanine	120-127	CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
21828055-5	2011	Indeed, we identified multiple alanine substitutions within loop&gt;J of the full length and/or Sec7d of two large brefeldin A-sensitive GEFs (GBF1 and BIG2) and one small brefeldin A-resistant GEF (ARNO) that abrogated binding of ARF and a single alanine substitution that allowed ARF binding but inhibited GDP to GTP exchange.	Alanine	31-38	golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
7667280-6	1995	The predicted pattern of I-A allele-specific effects on CLIP binding is very similar to that observed experimentally by alanine-scanning mutations of CLIP.	Alanine	120-127	CAP-Gly domain containing linker protein 1	Homo sapiens	150-154
21828055-5	2011	Indeed, we identified multiple alanine substitutions within loop&gt;J of the full length and/or Sec7d of two large brefeldin A-sensitive GEFs (GBF1 and BIG2) and one small brefeldin A-resistant GEF (ARNO) that abrogated binding of ARF and a single alanine substitution that allowed ARF binding but inhibited GDP to GTP exchange.	Alanine	31-38	ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
7616166-8	1995	At variance with Pi deprivation, high concentrations of insulin stimulated Na-coupled alanine transport (6 +/- 2% and 16 +/- 4% in Pi-treated and Pi-depleted cells respectively).	Alanine	86-93	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	56-63
21828055-5	2011	Indeed, we identified multiple alanine substitutions within loop&gt;J of the full length and/or Sec7d of two large brefeldin A-sensitive GEFs (GBF1 and BIG2) and one small brefeldin A-resistant GEF (ARNO) that abrogated binding of ARF and a single alanine substitution that allowed ARF binding but inhibited GDP to GTP exchange.	Alanine	31-38	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	137-140
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	vascular endothelial growth factor B	Rattus norvegicus	150-156
7727391-3	1995	Two allosteric transitions were previously observed also in the case of the Arg-196--&gt;Ala GroEL mutant [Yifrach, O., &amp; Horovitz, A.	Alanine	89-92	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
7727391-14	1995	Using our model, we estimate the values of the Hill coefficient for the negative cooperativity between rings in wild-type GroEL and the Arg-196--&gt;Ala mutant to be 0.003 (+/- 0.001) and 0.07 (+/- 0.02), respectively.	Alanine	149-152	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	placental growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-181
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	placental growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
7533858-10	1995	However, multiple alanine substitutions or proline (helix-destabilizing) substitutions disrupted both oligomerization and transport of GP64 EFP.	Alanine	18-25	gp64	Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus	135-139
21664951-4	2011	administration of 500 pmol/d Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1, an ET(B) receptor agonist, increased the level of VEGF-A mRNA in the rat cerebrum, whereas those of VEGF-B, placental growth factor (PLGF), angiopoietin (ANG)-1, and ANG-2 mRNAs were not largely affected by Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET.	Alanine	29-32	angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	216-221
21664951-7	2011	Immunohistochemical observations in the cerebrum of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1-infused rats showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes had VEGF-A immunoreactivity.	Alanine	52-55	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	97-128
21664951-7	2011	Immunohistochemical observations in the cerebrum of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1-infused rats showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes had VEGF-A immunoreactivity.	Alanine	52-55	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
7706286-2	1995	We had previously constructed two triple point alanine mutants of the i3 junction of the muscarinic Hm1 receptor, W209A/I211A/Y212A and E360A/K362A/T366A, which are defective in mediating carbachol stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover (Moro, O., Lameh, J., Hogger, P., and Sadee, W. (1993) J. Biol.	Alanine	47-54	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
21664951-11	2011	Immunoreactivity of tyrosine-phosphorylated VEGF-R1 was selectively shown in GFAP-positive astrocytes in the cerebrum of Ala(1,3,11,15)-ET-1-infused rats.	Alanine	121-124	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
21881099-4	2011	She also had a constant exotropia, so we examined the PHOX2B gene associated with both schizophrenia and strabismus, and detected a 5-alanine deletion.	Alanine	134-141	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	54-60
7862117-4	1995	Alanine scanning mutagenesis defined a cluster of four basic residues which are likely required for interaction with DNA in the TBP-DNA complex.	Alanine	0-7	TATA-binding protein	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-131
21596784-3	2011	However, the relevance of Mcm2 phosphorylation is demonstrated by the sensitivity of a strain containing alanine at these positions (mcm2(AA)) to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and caffeine.	Alanine	105-112	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
21596784-3	2011	However, the relevance of Mcm2 phosphorylation is demonstrated by the sensitivity of a strain containing alanine at these positions (mcm2(AA)) to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and caffeine.	Alanine	105-112	minichromosome maintenance complex component 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
7823952-4	1995	Utilizing a series of truncated Msx-1 polypeptides, we show that multiple regions of Msx-1 contribute to repression, and these are rich in alanine, glycine, and proline residues.	Alanine	139-146	msh homeobox 1	Mus musculus	32-37
7823952-4	1995	Utilizing a series of truncated Msx-1 polypeptides, we show that multiple regions of Msx-1 contribute to repression, and these are rich in alanine, glycine, and proline residues.	Alanine	139-146	msh homeobox 1	Mus musculus	85-90
21807946-4	2011	Point mutation of these Ser residues to alanine (Ala) abolished the JNK-induced ubiquitylation by SCF(betaTrCP), and point mutation of DAG to AAG or DAA eradicated both betaTrCP binding and ubiquitylation.	Alanine	40-47	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	98-101
7824938-4	1995	The replacement of these phosphorylation sites with alanine inhibited the transcriptional activity of ATF2.	Alanine	52-59	activating transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
21807946-4	2011	Point mutation of these Ser residues to alanine (Ala) abolished the JNK-induced ubiquitylation by SCF(betaTrCP), and point mutation of DAG to AAG or DAA eradicated both betaTrCP binding and ubiquitylation.	Alanine	49-52	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	98-101
21640727-9	2011	Glycolytic end products (lactate and alanine) were 38% higher in TG-ssTnI than NTG at 2 min and 27% higher at 5 min.	Alanine	37-44	troponin I, skeletal, slow 1	Mus musculus	68-73
7599635-0	1995	Four new adenosine deaminase mutations, altering a zinc-binding histidine, two conserved alanines, and a 5" splice site.	Alanine	89-97	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	9-28
7958881-7	1994	One domain is essential for the Dr1-TBP interaction, and the second is rich in alanine residues.	Alanine	79-86	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	36-39
21655622-3	2011	In this study we investigated the effect of the expression levels of two main enzymes in heme biosynthesis, ALA dehydratase (ALAD) and porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), on the capacity of K562 cells to undergo cell death following ALA-PDT.	Alanine	108-111	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	125-129
21586576-4	2011	Mutation of the TSHR-specific alanine (Ala-5935 50) at this position to proline resulted in a 20-fold reduction of cell surface expression.	Alanine	30-37	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
8068639-0	1994	Study of Al3+ binding and conformational properties of the alanine-substituted C-terminal domain of the NF-M protein and its relevance to Alzheimer"s disease.	Alanine	59-66	neurofilament medium chain	Homo sapiens	104-108
8062918-0	1994	The melanocortin (MC3) receptor from rat hypothalamus: photoaffinity labelling and binding of alanine-substituted alpha-MSH analogues.	Alanine	94-101	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
21586576-4	2011	Mutation of the TSHR-specific alanine (Ala-5935 50) at this position to proline resulted in a 20-fold reduction of cell surface expression.	Alanine	39-42	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	16-20
8062918-5	1994	The binding affinities of alanine-substituted analogues of alpha-MSH were determined to investigate the role of individual residues in ligand-receptor interactions.	Alanine	26-33	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
21586568-10	2011	We also found that serine to alanine substitutions in the sequences between SH2 and RIN family homology domain of RIN3 specifically abolished its GEF action on Rab31 but not Rab5.	Alanine	29-36	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	146-149
21586568-10	2011	We also found that serine to alanine substitutions in the sequences between SH2 and RIN family homology domain of RIN3 specifically abolished its GEF action on Rab31 but not Rab5.	Alanine	29-36	RAB31, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	160-165
21602277-5	2011	Alanine substitution scanning mutagenesis of 20 Zn(2+)-interacting candidate residues in the outer pore region of the hTRPM2 channel showed that mutation of Lys(952) in the extracellular end of the fifth transmembrane segment and Asp(1002) in the large turret strongly attenuated or abolished Zn(2+) inactivation, and mutation of several other residues dramatically changed the inactivation kinetics.	Alanine	0-7	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2	Homo sapiens	118-124
7917991-0	1994	Alanine at position 73 of HLA-C is associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Finland.	Alanine	0-7	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	26-31
7917991-2	1994	This sequence codes for alanine at position 73 of the HLA-C molecule in the antigen binding cleft, and alanine may play a role in susceptibility to the disease.	Alanine	24-31	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	54-59
21105990-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Thr(307)-Asn(680) and Ala(307)-Ser(680) polymorphisms of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSH-R) gene are associated with male infertility, semen quality, and reproductive hormones.	Alanine	54-57	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	132-137
8045889-8	1994	In addition to the finding of specific regulation of gene expression by the end products of their respective pathways, it was found that the levels of anthranilate synthase and alpha-isopropylmalate synthase were reduced upon growth in the presence of amino acids of other families, such as L-alanine, L-proline, or L-arginine.	Alanine	291-300	anthranilate synthase component I	Methanothermobacter marburgensis str. Marburg	151-172
8035505-3	1994	A polyprotein beginning with 20 amino acids derived from the carboxy terminus of NS2 and ending with the NS5B stop codon (amino acids 1007 to 3011) was cleaved at the NS3/4A, NS4A/4B, NS4B/5A, and NS5A/5B sites, whereas a polyprotein in which the putative active site serine residue was replaced by an alanine remained unprocessed, demonstrating that the NS3-encoded serine-type proteinase is essential for cleavage at these sites.	Alanine	302-309	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	167-170
21489996-8	2011	By developing RhSP-D mutants that also have the pSP-D-specific Ser-Gly-Ala loop inserted in the CRD, we could demonstrate that the N-linked glycan-mediated interactions between pSP-D and IAV involves additional structural prerequisites of the pSP-D CRD.	Alanine	71-74	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	48-53
8036019-3	1994	In addition, v-Jun activates transcription more strongly than c-Jun when fused to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain, and transcriptional activation by Gal4-v-Jun is unaffected when S63, S73, or both, are replaced with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues, amino acid substitutions which severely impair transcriptional activation by Gal4-c-Jun.	Alanine	233-240	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
8036019-3	1994	In addition, v-Jun activates transcription more strongly than c-Jun when fused to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain, and transcriptional activation by Gal4-v-Jun is unaffected when S63, S73, or both, are replaced with non-phosphorylatable alanine residues, amino acid substitutions which severely impair transcriptional activation by Gal4-c-Jun.	Alanine	233-240	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
21489996-8	2011	By developing RhSP-D mutants that also have the pSP-D-specific Ser-Gly-Ala loop inserted in the CRD, we could demonstrate that the N-linked glycan-mediated interactions between pSP-D and IAV involves additional structural prerequisites of the pSP-D CRD.	Alanine	71-74	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	177-182
8198587-1	1994	In this study we investigated the role of the threonine203 and the asparagine207 residues in the fifth transmembrane domain of the guinea-pig histamine H1-receptor by site-directed mutagenesis to non-functional alanines.	Alanine	211-219	histamine H1 receptor	Cavia porcellus	142-163
21489996-8	2011	By developing RhSP-D mutants that also have the pSP-D-specific Ser-Gly-Ala loop inserted in the CRD, we could demonstrate that the N-linked glycan-mediated interactions between pSP-D and IAV involves additional structural prerequisites of the pSP-D CRD.	Alanine	71-74	surfactant protein D	Homo sapiens	177-182
21627799-6	2011	Here we demonstrate that delivery of Ub conjugates and docking of Ddi1 (and to a lesser extent Dsk2) to the proteasome are strongly impaired by an aspartic acid to alanine point mutation in the highly-conserved D517 residue of Rpn1.	Alanine	164-171	ubiquitin domain-containing protein DSK2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	95-99
8144650-5	1994	Alanine substitution for the positively charged residues in the C- and D-regions of IGF-1 led to 15- and 10-fold losses, respectively, in binding potency for the human IGF-1R, but they increased the potency of binding to the human IR 29- and 6-fold, respectively.	Alanine	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	168-174
21454505-4	2011	We further tested the relevance of this model by Ala-scanning mutagenesis, but only one of five substitutions within the inferred binding site of the TBC1D1 RabGAP significantly perturbed catalytic efficiency.	Alanine	49-52	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	150-156
8119974-1	1994	A series of analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was made replacing each amino acid with L-alanine to identify side-chain functional groups required for interaction with the GLP-1 receptor.	Alanine	95-104	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	23-46
8119974-1	1994	A series of analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was made replacing each amino acid with L-alanine to identify side-chain functional groups required for interaction with the GLP-1 receptor.	Alanine	95-104	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
21454505-7	2011	Ala substitution of TBC1D1 Met(930), corresponding to a residue outside of the Gyp1p/Rab33B contact, substantially reduced catalytic activity.	Alanine	0-3	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
8131746-4	1994	In human MEK1, substitution of either serine residue 218 or 222 with alanine completely abolished its activation by epidermal growth factor-stimulated Swiss 3T3 cell lysates or immunoprecipitated c-raf, suggesting that both serine residues are required for MEK1 activation.	Alanine	69-76	v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1	Mus musculus	196-201
21454505-7	2011	Ala substitution of TBC1D1 Met(930), corresponding to a residue outside of the Gyp1p/Rab33B contact, substantially reduced catalytic activity.	Alanine	0-3	RAB33B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	85-91
21513698-6	2011	The alanine mutant for the three phosphorylation sites (3SA) of GEF-H1 strongly induces stabilization and acetylation of microtubules, which was resistant to Par1b.	Alanine	4-11	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
21336852-1	2011	Heterozygous trinucleotide in frame duplications, leading to expansions of variable lengths of a 20-alanine stretch (polyAla), is the most frequent PHOX2B variant associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare neurocristopathy characterized by defective response of the autonomic nervous system to hypoxia and hypercapnia.	Alanine	100-107	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	148-154
8174760-8	1994	Preincubation in the presence of ALA or PBG protected the enzymic activity of ALA-D, PBGase and deaminase against URO I-inactivation both under u.v.	Alanine	33-36	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	78-83
8302873-9	1994	Alanine substitutions for the four prolines of GHR Box I were introduced.	Alanine	0-7	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	47-50
21285318-4	2011	Thus, alanine substitution mutations in the first intracellular loop of FSHR were generated to determine which residues are essential for FSHR-APPL1 interaction.	Alanine	6-13	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	72-76
7507928-2	1994	The potential role of this conserved aromatic amino acid residue in the cellular processes of sequestration (a rapid internalization of the surface receptor) and down-regulation (a slower loss of total cellular receptors) associated with agonist-mediated desensitization of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor was assessed by replacing tyrosine residue 326 with an alanine residue (beta 2AR-Y326A).	Alanine	360-367	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	278-304
21158741-8	2011	SNAT2(Del C-ter) (13 residues deleted from the C-terminus) showed 3-fold higher apparent affinity for alanine, and 2-fold higher Na(+) affinity compared with wild-type SNAT2, suggesting that the C-terminus is not required for high-affinity substrate and Na(+) interaction with SNAT2.	Alanine	102-109	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
8265602-1	1993	Val--&gt;Ala mutations within the effective transmembrane segment of a model single-spanning membrane protein, the 50-residue major coat (gene VIII) protein of bacteriophage M13, are shown to have sequence-dependent impacts on stabilization of membrane-embedded helical dimeric structures.	Alanine	9-12	major coat protein	Escherichia virus M13	143-147
21455289-11	2011	Transgenic GLD-1(AAA) harbors alanine substitutions at three consensus CDK phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	30-37	Female germline-specific tumor suppressor gld-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	11-16
7902563-5	1993	This alanine-rich peptide was 47% identical to uroguanylin and 73% identical to human guanylin, suggesting that it may be an opossum homologue of guanylin.	Alanine	5-12	guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Homo sapiens	47-58
21303487-3	2011	METHODS: We established STAT1 Tyr(701) variant (tyrosine to phenylalanine; Y701F) and STAT1 Ser(727) variant (serine to alanine; S727A), which were transfected into human salivary gland (HSG) cells.	Alanine	66-73	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
8216415-8	1993	N-terminal analysis of core preparations of all samples showed a consistent single predominant sequence, beginning at alanine 374 of the human aggrecan core protein.	Alanine	118-125	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	143-164
21290626-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Arg-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]6b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	48-51	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	190-198
21290627-0	2004	3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 3-Cyano-4-[(18)F]fluoro-benzoyl-Ala(SO3H)-Ava-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-NMeGly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, abbreviated as [(18)F]7b, is a bombesin (BN)-based (18)F-labeled peptide synthesized by Mu et al.	Alanine	32-35	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	202-210
22296369-4	2011	The C677T variant lies in exon 4 at the folate binding site of the MTHFR gene and results in substitution of an alanine by a valine residue.	Alanine	112-119	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	67-72
22216318-4	2011	Two host proteins, B23 and I2PP2A, were found to interact preferentially with the alanine-substituted CTD.	Alanine	82-89	SET nuclear proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	27-33
20961851-7	2010	The target residue of PKC was identified by an alanine screen of all canonical PKC sites on TRPC6.	Alanine	47-54	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
20961851-7	2010	The target residue of PKC was identified by an alanine screen of all canonical PKC sites on TRPC6.	Alanine	47-54	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
20961851-7	2010	The target residue of PKC was identified by an alanine screen of all canonical PKC sites on TRPC6.	Alanine	47-54	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
20937827-4	2010	However, we identified a site phosphorylated by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in the GRASP65 N-terminal domain for which mutation to aspartic acid blocked tethering and alanine substitution prevented mitotic Golgi unlinking.	Alanine	165-172	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	48-66
20937827-4	2010	However, we identified a site phosphorylated by Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in the GRASP65 N-terminal domain for which mutation to aspartic acid blocked tethering and alanine substitution prevented mitotic Golgi unlinking.	Alanine	165-172	polo like kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
20966082-7	2010	Comparing the electrostatic surface potentials of the ECDs suggests a charge compatibility mechanism for ligand discrimination involving a single amino acid difference in the receptors (CRFR1 Glu104/CRFR2alpha Pro-100) at a site proximate to peptide residue 35 (Arg in CRF/Ucn1, Ala in Ucn2/3).	Alanine	279-282	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2	Mus musculus	199-209
20547441-4	2010	Overexpression of p66shc exacerbates while its knockdown or mutation of the Serine36 site to alanine ameliorates CP-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro.	Alanine	93-100	src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1	Mus musculus	18-24
20084469-5	2010	DT-SCF gene coding for 1-387 amino acids of diphtheria toxin, His-Ala linker, 2-141 amino acids of SCF was cloned into expression vector with C terminal His tag.	Alanine	66-69	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	3-6
20669323-10	2010	In contrast, GAP43 with ser41 mutated to ala (S41A) to prevent phosphorylation did not increase either branching or growth but resulted in immature, elongated arbors even at four to five days.	Alanine	41-44	growth associated protein 43	Danio rerio	13-18
20605783-5	2010	We investigated this interspecies difference in a rat/human chimeric form of the enzyme as well as in several mutants and identified key residues Thr-131, Leu-135, and Ala-138 in human MPGES1, which play a crucial role as gate keepers for the active site of MPGES1.	Alanine	168-171	prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens	185-191
20605783-5	2010	We investigated this interspecies difference in a rat/human chimeric form of the enzyme as well as in several mutants and identified key residues Thr-131, Leu-135, and Ala-138 in human MPGES1, which play a crucial role as gate keepers for the active site of MPGES1.	Alanine	168-171	prostaglandin E synthase	Homo sapiens	258-264
20625000-7	2010	In protoplasts, an AtVSR1 mutant, C2A, that contained alanine substitution of the region involved in the homomeric interaction, was defective in trafficking to the prevacuolar compartment and localized primarily to the trans-Golgi network.	Alanine	54-61	vacuolar sorting receptor homolog 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-25
20686338-4	2010	We established a novel screening system for hCAR ligands (including agonists and inverse agonists) by expressing GAL4/DBD-fused hCAR/LBD, in which three consecutive alanine residues were inserted between helix 11 and helix 12 of LBD, and a commercially obtained plasmid consisting of the firefly luciferase gene downstream of the GAL4 responsive element in a cultured cell line.	Alanine	165-172	CXADR Ig-like cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	128-132
20436166-8	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of MAP4 cDNA was then used to switch each serine to non-phosphorylatable alanine.	Alanine	99-106	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
20436166-10	2010	The Ser-924 --&gt; Ala MAP4 mutant produced a microtubule phenotype indistinguishable from that seen in pressure overload hypertrophy, such that Ser-924 MAP4 dephosphorylation during pressure overload hypertrophy may be central to this cytoskeletal abnormality.	Alanine	19-22	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
20436166-10	2010	The Ser-924 --&gt; Ala MAP4 mutant produced a microtubule phenotype indistinguishable from that seen in pressure overload hypertrophy, such that Ser-924 MAP4 dephosphorylation during pressure overload hypertrophy may be central to this cytoskeletal abnormality.	Alanine	19-22	microtubule associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-157
20423961-6	2010	This study provides evidence that a His to Ala substitution within mammalian cardiac TnI (cTnI) reduced the thermodynamic potential at the interface between cTnI and cardiac TnC (cTnC) in the calcium-saturated state by disrupting a strong intermolecular electrostatic interaction.	Alanine	43-46	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	77-88
20423961-6	2010	This study provides evidence that a His to Ala substitution within mammalian cardiac TnI (cTnI) reduced the thermodynamic potential at the interface between cTnI and cardiac TnC (cTnC) in the calcium-saturated state by disrupting a strong intermolecular electrostatic interaction.	Alanine	43-46	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	90-94
20423961-6	2010	This study provides evidence that a His to Ala substitution within mammalian cardiac TnI (cTnI) reduced the thermodynamic potential at the interface between cTnI and cardiac TnC (cTnC) in the calcium-saturated state by disrupting a strong intermolecular electrostatic interaction.	Alanine	43-46	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	157-161
20423961-6	2010	This study provides evidence that a His to Ala substitution within mammalian cardiac TnI (cTnI) reduced the thermodynamic potential at the interface between cTnI and cardiac TnC (cTnC) in the calcium-saturated state by disrupting a strong intermolecular electrostatic interaction.	Alanine	43-46	tenascin C	Homo sapiens	174-177
20578157-6	2010	The SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype was associated with cholestatic/mixed damage (OR = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.8; corrected P [Pc] = 0.0058), whereas the GPX1 Leu/Leu genotype was associated with cholestatic injury (OR = 5.1; 95%CI = 1.6-16.0; Pc = 0.0112).	Alanine	9-12	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
20578157-6	2010	The SOD2 Ala/Ala genotype was associated with cholestatic/mixed damage (OR = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.8; corrected P [Pc] = 0.0058), whereas the GPX1 Leu/Leu genotype was associated with cholestatic injury (OR = 5.1; 95%CI = 1.6-16.0; Pc = 0.0112).	Alanine	13-16	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
20506367-8	2010	Although Ala, amongst the native E. coli periplasmic proteins, is the preferred X(+1) residue with an occurrence of 50% frequency, it proved half as effective in promoting export when inserted proximally to the SS of cytochrome b(5).	Alanine	9-12	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	217-229
20401525-5	2010	RESULT: Human studies revealed that IgM-ALA consist of several different IgM, each with specificities for a different leukocyte receptor, e.g., CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4.	Alanine	40-43	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	154-158
20401525-5	2010	RESULT: Human studies revealed that IgM-ALA consist of several different IgM, each with specificities for a different leukocyte receptor, e.g., CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4.	Alanine	40-43	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
20097763-7	2010	ECs isolated from a knock-in mouse expressing p27(Kip1) with a mutation of this residue to an alanine, blocking this phosphorylation, exhibited reduced migration compared with wild-type controls.	Alanine	94-101	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	46-49
8412762-5	1993	All of these observations taken together suggest that system A is upregulated in lactating-rat livers, thus resulting in a different contribution of both agencies A and ASC to the total Na(+)-dependent alanine transport into liver plasma membrane vesicles.	Alanine	202-209	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
8344413-4	1993	Cathepsin B prefers large hydrophobic residues in the P1" position of a substrate while cathepsin L has an opposite trend, favoring amino acids with small (Ala, Ser) or long but non-branched (Asn, Gln, Lys) side chains.	Alanine	156-159	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	0-11
20097763-7	2010	ECs isolated from a knock-in mouse expressing p27(Kip1) with a mutation of this residue to an alanine, blocking this phosphorylation, exhibited reduced migration compared with wild-type controls.	Alanine	94-101	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	50-54
20307497-6	2010	Substitutions of Ser33 and Ser37 for alanines abolished the degradation of beta-catenin associated with HIPK2.	Alanine	37-45	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	75-87
8340364-3	1993	Expression of SATT cDNA in HeLa cells induced stereospecific uptake of L-serine, L-alanine, and L-threonine that was not inhibited by excess (3 mM) 2-(methylamino)-isobutyric acid, a specific substrate for the System A amino acid transporter.	Alanine	81-90	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
20068038-4	2010	Substitution of these two residues with alanine abolished the ability of MEKK3 to activate IKKbeta/NF-kappaB, whereas replacement with acidic residues rendered MEKK3 constitutively active.	Alanine	40-47	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	73-78
7685018-3	1993	We have now tested this hypothesis employing Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with mutated hCG-beta genes in which the Cys residues required for the formation of the final four (of six total) S-S bonds were replaced by Ala.	Alanine	226-229	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	98-106
20068038-5	2010	Furthermore, substitution of these two residues with alanine abolished the ability of MEKK3 to mediate lysophosphatidic acid-induced optimal IKKbeta/NF-kappaB activation.	Alanine	53-60	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	86-91
19936946-8	2010	Collectively, these exploratory data provide suggestive evidence for the association of MTHFR 429 Ala/ Ala and TCN2 259 Arg/Arg and CIMP status in colorectal cancer.	Alanine	98-101	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	88-93
19936946-8	2010	Collectively, these exploratory data provide suggestive evidence for the association of MTHFR 429 Ala/ Ala and TCN2 259 Arg/Arg and CIMP status in colorectal cancer.	Alanine	103-106	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	88-93
20047764-2	2010	TRAF2, a newly identified TICAM-1-binding protein, bound the PxQxS motif (aa 333-338) of TICAM-1 using mutagenesis by alanine substitutions.	Alanine	118-125	TNF receptor associated factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
8388502-8	1993	An alanine at position P4 and a proline at position P2, proximal to the scissile glutamine-glycine pair, appear to be important for 3CPro-mediated cleavage of TBP.	Alanine	3-10	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	159-162
8477801-7	1993	In contrast, the DR1-DQ5 and DR13-DQ6 (e.g. DQB1*0603) haplotypes, which are decreased among IDDM patients, were associated with the 665 Ala and 687 Gln variants.	Alanine	137-140	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
20032459-5	2010	Mutations of copper-coordinating Cys to Ala in any MBD (2, 3, 4, or 6) change the N-ATP7B conformation and have distinct functional consequences.	Alanine	40-43	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	82-89
19946124-7	2010	Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells.	Alanine	100-107	POTE ankyrin domain family member F	Homo sapiens	159-169
8457202-8	1993	The father of the British AGU-affected siblings was found to be a heterozygote carrier for a C-->T point mutation which causes an Ala-->Val amino-acid substitution, while the mother was heterozygous for a 7 bp deletion that results in premature translational termination.	Alanine	130-133	aspartylglucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	26-29
8457202-10	1993	Expression in COS-1 cells revealed the paternal Ala-->Val amino-acid substitution destroyed glycosylasparaginase catalytic activity, prevented transport of the mutant protein to the lysosome, and prevented maturation of the enzyme precursor to its native subunit structure.	Alanine	48-51	aspartylglucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	92-112
8457202-11	1993	The Ala-->Val mutation therefore affects glycosylasparaginase in a manner similar to the Finnish AGU Cys-->Ser substitution, further supporting a linkage of glycosylasparaginase catalytic activity to its lysosomal transport and subunit processing [Fisher and Aronson (1991) J. Biol.	Alanine	4-7	aspartylglucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	41-61
8457202-11	1993	The Ala-->Val mutation therefore affects glycosylasparaginase in a manner similar to the Finnish AGU Cys-->Ser substitution, further supporting a linkage of glycosylasparaginase catalytic activity to its lysosomal transport and subunit processing [Fisher and Aronson (1991) J. Biol.	Alanine	4-7	aspartylglucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	157-177
20028391-4	2010	To clarify the role of these aromatic amino acid residues in the action of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1-derived peptide on neural stem cells, we synthesized mutant peptides, in which aromatic residues were substituted with alanine, and we assessed their effects.	Alanine	227-234	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	75-107
8384830-6	1993	Comparison with sequences of other cytochromes c indicated the closest similarity to cytochrome c from snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) with substitutions at five positions corresponding to residues 32 (His--&gt;Asn), 44 (Glu--&gt;Pro), 89 (Ala--&gt;Pro), 100 (Asp--&gt;Glu), and 104 (Lys--&gt;Asn), respectively.	Alanine	246-249	cytochrome c	Alligator mississippiensis	85-97
19933278-4	2010	A putative site of CK2 phosphorylation was mapped to MSK2 residue Ser(324) and when substituted to alanine (S324A) also compromised MSK2 activity.	Alanine	99-106	ribosomal protein S6 kinase A4	Homo sapiens	132-136
8345958-4	1993	In all patients belonging to the TTR Ala 49 family the vitreous body, the heart and the peripheral nervous system were massively infiltrated by amyloid matter.	Alanine	37-40	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	33-36
8456099-5	1993	This approach facilitated the rapid purification of a set of 43 alanine replacement mutants whose relative affinity for GP IIb-IIIa was measured by competition with immobilized kistrin and by inhibition of platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma.	Alanine	64-71	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	120-126
20606298-6	2010	When serine residues in the DSG motif, which is the critical sequences for the degradation of Cdc25A induced by DNA damage, is mutated to alanine (Cdc25A(DSG2X)), both stimulatory and protective effects of TRB3 on the Cdc25A degradation is disappeared.	Alanine	138-145	cell division cycle 25A	Homo sapiens	94-100
8428624-7	1993	Substitution of Cys-397 of MAO-B, i.e. the residue covalently anchoring FAD, with an Ala or a His residue resulted in the total loss of enzymatic activity, suggesting that the covalent coupling of FAD to MAO occurs specifically at the-SH group of cysteine.	Alanine	85-88	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	27-32
20606298-6	2010	When serine residues in the DSG motif, which is the critical sequences for the degradation of Cdc25A induced by DNA damage, is mutated to alanine (Cdc25A(DSG2X)), both stimulatory and protective effects of TRB3 on the Cdc25A degradation is disappeared.	Alanine	138-145	cell division cycle 25A	Homo sapiens	147-153
20606298-6	2010	When serine residues in the DSG motif, which is the critical sequences for the degradation of Cdc25A induced by DNA damage, is mutated to alanine (Cdc25A(DSG2X)), both stimulatory and protective effects of TRB3 on the Cdc25A degradation is disappeared.	Alanine	138-145	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Homo sapiens	206-210
8440257-7	1993	An acidic middle domain (pI 3.6, 450 residues), interrupted by an uncharged alanine rich segment of 59 residues, appears to be responsible for the anomalous physical properties of AP180.	Alanine	76-83	synaptosome associated protein 91	Rattus norvegicus	180-185
20606298-6	2010	When serine residues in the DSG motif, which is the critical sequences for the degradation of Cdc25A induced by DNA damage, is mutated to alanine (Cdc25A(DSG2X)), both stimulatory and protective effects of TRB3 on the Cdc25A degradation is disappeared.	Alanine	138-145	cell division cycle 25A	Homo sapiens	147-153
20110679-8	2010	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve was abrogated by replacement of the serine with alanine in the SGK consensus sequence ((S318A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	82-89	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	97-100
8430097-6	1993	One of these residues, the alanine after the last cysteine in the first zinc finger, may be responsible for part of the difference between the tll protein DNA binding site and the closely related half-site of the retinoid/estrogen receptors.	Alanine	27-34	tailless	Drosophila melanogaster	143-146
1451907-3	1992	Gluconeogenesis from alanine can be prevented by the addition of monoiodo acetic acid (an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), while glucose production from methylglyoxal is only partially inhibited by this compound.	Alanine	21-28	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	103-143
19820207-6	2010	Our results showed that the retention of alanine (hCAR1+A) alone is sufficient to confer the constitutively activated hCAR1 to the xenobiotic-sensitive hCAR3.	Alanine	41-48	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	50-55
19820207-6	2010	Our results showed that the retention of alanine (hCAR1+A) alone is sufficient to confer the constitutively activated hCAR1 to the xenobiotic-sensitive hCAR3.	Alanine	41-48	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	118-123
1324923-5	1992	Mutant receptors with the carboxyl-terminal His-Leu-Leu-Pro-Met67 residues deleted or replaced with alanines sorted cathepsin D below the base-line value.	Alanine	100-108	cathepsin D	Bos taurus	116-127
1324923-6	1992	A mutant receptor with the outermost Pro-Met residues replaced with alanines sorted cathepsin D better than the wild-type receptor, indicating that the essential residues for sorting are the His-Leu-Leu sequence.	Alanine	68-76	cathepsin D	Bos taurus	84-95
21116120-6	2010	Sequence analysis revealed a CGC to CGT (Arg to Arg) transition at codon 314 in LPA1, and a GCG to GTG (Ala to Val) transition at codon 247 in LPA3.	Alanine	104-107	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
1417895-6	1992	However the mutant protein is cleaved by OmpT between arginine 279 and alanine 280, which is a novel sequence specificity for this protease.	Alanine	71-78	outer membrane protease	Escherichia coli	41-45
1377775-6	1992	Both the Ala-14 and Ala-14/Phe-15p34cdc2 mutants were shown to coimmunoprecipitate cyclin B1 and to phosphorylate histone H1 in immune complex kinase assays.	Alanine	9-12	cyclin B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	83-92
19877718-6	2009	Replacement of a Lys immediately before the "IQ" amino acid pair in the neuromodulin sequence with the Ala in PEP19 accounts for the remaining Ca(2+)-dependent differences.	Alanine	103-106	Purkinje cell protein 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
1377775-6	1992	Both the Ala-14 and Ala-14/Phe-15p34cdc2 mutants were shown to coimmunoprecipitate cyclin B1 and to phosphorylate histone H1 in immune complex kinase assays.	Alanine	20-23	cyclin B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	83-92
19588182-6	2009	However, in WT female mice, but not in males, mRNA levels of PPARalpha-dependent genes (L-FABP, ACO) were higher in the mice fed on the ALA-rich diet.	Alanine	136-139	fatty acid binding protein 1, liver	Mus musculus	88-94
1581319-5	1992	Replacement of P14 in melittin with Ala results in stabilization of amides in a central turn of helix by up to 36-fold (delta delta GPro-Ala = 9 kJ mol-1) and elsewhere throughout the helix (residues 5-21) by 2-10-fold.	Alanine	36-39	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	15-18
20028842-6	2009	An analysis of the functional domain using chimeric proteins constructed from Ta HsfA4a and Os HsfA4d revealed that the DNA binding domain (DBD) of HsfA4a is critical for Cd tolerance, and within the DBD, Ala-31 and Leu-42 are important for Cd tolerance.	Alanine	205-208	heat stress transcription factor A-4b	Triticum aestivum	148-154
1570831-4	1992	This change can be explained by a single base change of adenine for guanine in the Ala-45 codon and was demonstrated directly by DNA sequence analysis of PCR-amplified exon 2 of the TTR gene; allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization both in the patient and in fixed heart tissue from his aunt confirmed the base change.	Alanine	83-86	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	182-185
19756722-3	2009	Here, we probed the drug receptor by systematically introducing alanine scanning substitutions into the selectivity filter (C347A, I348A, G349A, Y350A, G351A in the P-loop), outer (P355A, V356A, S357A, M358A in the P-S6 linker), and inner (M377A, F378A, V379A in S6) pore vestibules of HCN1 channels.	Alanine	64-71	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Homo sapiens	286-290
1550337-3	1992	The three next smallest peptides were all shown to have another N-terminal sequence which corresponded to a sequence in the interglobular domain starting at alanine residue 393 of the human aggrecan core protein (K. Doege et al., 1991, J. Biol.	Alanine	157-164	aggrecan	Homo sapiens	190-211
19680747-3	2009	Reduced chlorophyll synthase activity does not result in accumulation of chlorophyllide and caused reduced ALA formation and Mg and ferrochelatase activity, while CHLG overexpression correlated with enhanced ALA synthesizing capacity and more chelatase activities.	Alanine	208-211	chlorophyll synthase, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	163-167
19740738-5	2009	We show that a mutant of TBC1D1, in which several Akt sites have been converted to alanine, is considerably more inhibitory to insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation than wild-type TBC1D1.	Alanine	83-90	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	25-31
1554693-4	1992	Substitution of Ser-92 with either a Thr (S92T) or an Ala (S92A) residue yielded a GCAP devoid of catalytic activity, suggesting that the Ser codon 92 is the active site of GCAP.	Alanine	54-57	alkaline phosphatase, germ cell	Homo sapiens	83-87
1554693-4	1992	Substitution of Ser-92 with either a Thr (S92T) or an Ala (S92A) residue yielded a GCAP devoid of catalytic activity, suggesting that the Ser codon 92 is the active site of GCAP.	Alanine	54-57	alkaline phosphatase, germ cell	Homo sapiens	173-177
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	235-238
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	448-451
1372554-14	1992	In particular, the responsiveness to poly(lysine) is dramatically reduced whenever alanine is replaced for either asparagine at position -2 or glutamic acid at position -1, either in the src heptapeptide or in its shorter derivative, the pentapeptide NEYTA.	Alanine	83-90	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	235-238
19778056-6	2009	On the basis of the proposed mechanism, the glyoxal interaction with alanine through a decarboxylative aldol addition reaction can lead to the formation of 1,2-butanedione with the terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine, and the similar interaction of 1,2-butanedione with a second molecule of alanine can lead to the formation of 3,4-hexanedione with both terminal ethyl carbon atoms originating from C-2" and C-3" atoms of alanine.	Alanine	249-256	complement C3	Homo sapiens	448-451
1545828-4	1992	A mutant of Fos protein in which serine residues 362 to 364 have been altered to alanine residues is not efficiently phosphorylated in vitro.	Alanine	81-88	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	12-15
1545828-5	1992	Furthermore, Fos protein in which serines 362 to 364 have been altered to alanine shows increased transforming potential.	Alanine	74-81	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	13-16
1371875-3	1992	As judged by two-dimensional NMR, [5-55]Ala folds into essentially the same conformation as native BPTI.	Alanine	40-43	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	99-103
1371875-4	1992	Moreover, like native BPTI, [5-55]Ala inhibits trypsin stoichiometrically.	Alanine	34-37	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	22-26
19826042-7	2009	GPx-1 with 5 alanines and a leucine at codon 198 showed a significantly higher induction when cells were incubated with selenium and showed a distinct pattern of thermal denaturation as compared with GPx-1 encoded by the other examined alleles.	Alanine	13-21	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
1737002-3	1992	The assignment of calmodulin in the complex was facilitated by the use of selective labeling of the protein with alpha-15N-labeled valine, alanine, lysine, leucine, and glycine.	Alanine	139-146	calmodulin 2	Gallus gallus	18-28
19789817-5	2009	MTT metabolism following ALA-PDT was shown to be 60% higher in ALAD-silenced cells in comparison to control cells, indicating that mitochondria were protected in the silenced cells.	Alanine	25-28	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	63-67
1932005-5	1991	Residues previously identified as important for hGH receptor binding by alanine-scanning mutagenesis were more highly conserved by this selection method.	Alanine	72-79	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	48-60
19789817-7	2009	Membrane integrity following ALA-PDT was kept intact and undamaged in ALAD-silenced cells as examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and LDH-L leakage.	Alanine	29-32	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	70-74
20641903-4	2004	GRP and BN share an identical C-terminal region (-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2), which is necessary for receptor binding and signal transduction (5, 6).	Alanine	54-57	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1821811-4	1991	Effective FXa cleavage is achieved by spacing the FXa target sequence and Arg-1 of the BPTI sequence with four residues (Met-Glu-Ala-Glu).	Alanine	129-132	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	87-91
20641937-4	2004	GRP and BN share an identical C-terminal region (-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2), which is necessary for receptor binding and signal transduction (5, 6).	Alanine	54-57	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
19622747-5	2009	STIM1 mutants either with C-terminal deletions including CMD or with 7 alanines replacing the negative amino acids within CMD gave rise to ORAI1 currents that displayed significantly reduced or even abolished inactivation when compared with STIM1 mutants with preserved CMD.	Alanine	71-79	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
1910042-2	1991	Eleven amino acid substitutions at Val-121 of human carbonic anhydrase II including Gly, Ala, Ser, Leu, Ile, Lys, and Arg, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	89-92	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	52-73
19810461-11	2009	Furthermore, in order to have another fully independent measurement method, we determined the dose using alanine dosimeters provided by and traceable to the British metrology institute (NPL); they are calibrated in absorbed dose to water using a graphite calorimeter.	Alanine	105-112	N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase	Homo sapiens	186-189
2071937-5	1991	It is suggested that alanine at position 73 of HLA-C molecules can be a good marker for psoriasis vulgaris and that this residue may play an important role in determining susceptibility to this disease.	Alanine	21-28	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	47-52
1710985-14	1991	Proteolytic cleavage at the putative mitochondrial processing protease-recognition site Arg(-2)-Ala(-1)-Glu(+1) would lead to the formation of a protein of 91391 Da, which is in good agreement with the estimated 90 kDa of mature Me2GlyDH [Wittwer, A.J.	Alanine	96-99	dimethylglycine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	229-237
19520865-2	2009	We introduced Cys into the GroEL subunit at Ala-384 and Ser-509, which are very close between adjacent GroEL subunits in the open heptamer ring but far apart in the closed heptamer ring.	Alanine	44-47	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
1850017-5	1991	However, replacement of the alanine residue with aspartic acid (4003A.D) caused a dramatic reduction (about 40 to 60%) in myristoylation levels of the VP4 precursors (P1 and VP0).	Alanine	28-35	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	167-177
19520865-2	2009	We introduced Cys into the GroEL subunit at Ala-384 and Ser-509, which are very close between adjacent GroEL subunits in the open heptamer ring but far apart in the closed heptamer ring.	Alanine	44-47	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
1826736-7	1991	Similarly, substitution of residue histidine 51 of the NS3 polyprotein segment, which is predicted to be part of the protease catalytic centre, with an alanine residue, blocks the processing of the polyprotein in vitro.	Alanine	152-159	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	55-58
19591510-1	2009	The structures of 19 alpha-helical alanine-based peptides, 13 amino acids in length, have been fully optimized using density functional theory and analyzed by means of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules.	Alanine	35-42	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	18-26
1999271-2	1991	A peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminal domain of the GLUT1 glucose transporter (Thr-Pro-Glu-Glu-Leu-Phe-His-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ala-Asp-Ser-Gln-Val) was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin through the NH2-terminal of the peptide.	Alanine	126-129	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
20641703-0	2004	(64)Cu-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate-8-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids) that binds to GRP receptors (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1, 2).	Alanine	74-77	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	116-124
20641703-0	2004	(64)Cu-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate-8-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids) that binds to GRP receptors (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1, 2).	Alanine	74-77	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	188-213
2176597-5	1990	The introduction of conformational constraints by the 2-aminoisobutyric acid residue (Aib) in position 30 and replacing the amino acids 28-32 by Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala decreased receptor binding.	Alanine	145-148	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	149-152
2176597-5	1990	The introduction of conformational constraints by the 2-aminoisobutyric acid residue (Aib) in position 30 and replacing the amino acids 28-32 by Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala decreased receptor binding.	Alanine	145-148	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	149-152
20641703-0	2004	(64)Cu-1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate-8-aminooctanoic acid-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2 The amphibian bombesin (BBN or BN, a peptide of 14 amino acids) is an analog of human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, a peptide of 27 amino acids) that binds to GRP receptors (GRPR) with high affinity and specificity (1, 2).	Alanine	74-77	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	215-218
2176597-5	1990	The introduction of conformational constraints by the 2-aminoisobutyric acid residue (Aib) in position 30 and replacing the amino acids 28-32 by Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala decreased receptor binding.	Alanine	153-156	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	149-152
2176597-5	1990	The introduction of conformational constraints by the 2-aminoisobutyric acid residue (Aib) in position 30 and replacing the amino acids 28-32 by Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala decreased receptor binding.	Alanine	153-156	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	149-152
19362172-5	2009	The mutation of each of these residues to alanine inactivated AA3 except Asn70 and Arg71, therefore the corrected 3D model of mouse AA3 was created.	Alanine	42-49	aspartoacylase (aminoacylase) 3	Mus musculus	62-65
1979335-7	1990	In 50% of clones amplified from exon 4, a substitution of adenine (ACC) for guanine (GCC) in codon 109 resulted in the replacement of threonine-for-alanine, a mutation confirmed by amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides derived from purified plasma TTR.	Alanine	148-155	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	252-255
2114551-5	1990	We mapped the repression function of Kr to an alanine-rich amino-terminal region of the protein, as a Lac/Kr fusion protein containing only amino acids 26-110 of Kr repressed transcription from a reporter promoter containing upstream lac operators.	Alanine	46-53	Kruppel	Drosophila melanogaster	37-39
2114551-5	1990	We mapped the repression function of Kr to an alanine-rich amino-terminal region of the protein, as a Lac/Kr fusion protein containing only amino acids 26-110 of Kr repressed transcription from a reporter promoter containing upstream lac operators.	Alanine	46-53	Kruppel	Drosophila melanogaster	106-108
19362172-5	2009	The mutation of each of these residues to alanine inactivated AA3 except Asn70 and Arg71, therefore the corrected 3D model of mouse AA3 was created.	Alanine	42-49	aspartoacylase (aminoacylase) 3	Mus musculus	132-135
19320847-8	2009	Our results suggested that (1) FECH siRNA improved the phototoxicity of ALA-PDT, (2) overexpression of HO-1 was associated with shorter (GT)n repeat of the promoter region, and (3) siRNA-mediated knockdown of HO-1 could suppress the growth of bladder cancer cells overexpressing HO-1.	Alanine	72-75	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	31-35
19528295-4	2009	In this study, we report the generation and analysis of mice carrying a Cdc20 allele in which three residues critical for the interaction with Mad2 were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	164-171	cell division cycle 20	Mus musculus	72-77
19420222-3	2009	The major N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT), NatA, acts on subclasses of proteins with Ser-, Ala-, Thr-, Gly-, Cys- and Val- N termini.	Alanine	94-97	bromodomain containing 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
19297379-7	2009	A novel gene derived from bla(CTX-M-15), bla(CTX-M-82) (Ala-40--&gt;Pro), was identified.	Alanine	56-59	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	30-38
19351604-4	2009	The consequences arising from chemical modification of Cys221 are thus distinct from those reported for Cys--&gt;Ala/Ser mutants of IMP-1 and other metallo-beta-lactamases, which are mononuclear.	Alanine	113-116	insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
19028547-6	2009	Deletion or alanine-substitution of other aminoterminal regions yields MRAP mutants that promote surface expression of the MC2 receptor but not receptor signaling.	Alanine	12-19	melanocortin 5 receptor	Homo sapiens	123-126
19135150-2	2009	There is little discussion in the literature on the structure and dynamics of the alanine-rich crosslinking regions of elastin that comprise a significant part of the native protein.	Alanine	82-89	elastin	Homo sapiens	119-126
19201717-11	2009	Adult-onset CCHS with PHOX2B gene mutation of the + 5 alanine expansions were confirmed in the index patient and the second and third children.	Alanine	54-61	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	22-28
19073884-3	2009	Using mutants in the cohesin subunit Rec8, in which phosphorylated residues were mutated to alanines, we show that cohesin phosphorylation is not only important for cohesin removal, but that cohesin"s meiotic prophase functions are distinct from each other.	Alanine	92-100	REC8 meiotic recombination protein	Homo sapiens	37-41
19152639-7	2009	The ability of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30) to bind antipeptide antibodies against follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (9-30) was either decreased or abolished with the alanine substituted analog peptides of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30).	Alanine	204-211	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	15-52
19152639-7	2009	The ability of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30) to bind antipeptide antibodies against follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (9-30) was either decreased or abolished with the alanine substituted analog peptides of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30).	Alanine	204-211	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	108-145
19152639-7	2009	The ability of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30) to bind antipeptide antibodies against follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (9-30) was either decreased or abolished with the alanine substituted analog peptides of follicle stimulating hormone receptor peptide (20-30).	Alanine	204-211	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	108-145
19826919-5	2009	Experiments with transgenic tobacco plants carrying pathogenesis-related genes fused with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reported gene (PR-1a::GUS &amp; PDF 1.2::GUS) showed an enhanced activation of both PR-1a and PDF 1.2 genes upon combined treatment with Ala and EXTN-1.	Alanine	256-259	protodermal factor 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	151-156
19826919-6	2009	RT-PCR analysis with transgenic (PR-1a or PDF 1.2 over expressing) Arabidopsis plant showed more enhanced expression of resistance genes PR-1a and PDF 1.2 upon combined treatment with Ala and EXTN-1 than either alone.	Alanine	184-187	protodermal factor 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-47
19123978-8	2008	These results suggest that alanine at position 148 is essentially required for NF-L self-assembly leading to subsequent filament formation in neuronal cells.	Alanine	27-34	neurofilament light chain	Homo sapiens	79-83
18536011-5	2008	The theoretical results on the absolute binding-free energies for leucine, alanine, and glycine show that alanine can be a potent substrate for LeuT, although leucine is preferred, which is consistent with the recent experimental data (Singh et al., Nature 2007;448:952-956).	Alanine	106-113	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	144-148
18784913-5	2008	Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence comparisons between resistant and susceptible lines indicated that the imidazolinone-resistant AHAS of CLHA-Plus has a threonine codon (ACG) at position 122 (relative to the Arabidopsis thaliana AHAS sequence), whereas the herbicide-susceptible enzyme from BTK47 has an alanine residue (GCG) at this position.	Alanine	313-320	chlorsulfuron/imidazolinone resistant 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-142
18790731-7	2008	Based on these results, we present a LewisX binding mode on MGL1 where the galactose moiety is bound to the primary sugar binding site, including Asp-94, Trp-96, and Asp-118, and the fucose moiety interacts with the secondary sugar binding site, including Ala-89 and Thr-111.	Alanine	256-259	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
18790731-8	2008	Ala-89 and Thr-111 in MGL1 are replaced with arginine and serine in MGL2, respectively.	Alanine	0-3	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
18790731-9	2008	The hydrophobic environment formed by a small side chain of Ala-89 and a methyl group of Thr-111 is a requisite for the accommodation of the fucose moiety of the LewisX trisaccharide within the sugar binding site of MGL1.	Alanine	60-63	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	216-220
18820256-4	2008	To identify the HSL binding site of AFABP/aP2 a combination of alanine-scanning mutagenesis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used.	Alanine	63-70	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	16-19
18820256-5	2008	Mutation of Asp17, Asp18, Lys21, or Arg30 (but not other amino acids in the helix-turn-helix region) to alanine inhibited interaction with HSL without affecting fatty acid binding.	Alanine	104-111	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Homo sapiens	139-142
18981164-7	2008	Repertoires of T cell memory are discussed in the context of clonal diversity, where poly-Gly/Ala runs in the CDR3 of alpha- and beta-chains might provide high levels of TCR flexibility during Ag recognition while gene-encoded CDR1 and CDR2 contribute to the fine specificity of the TCR-peptide MHC interaction.	Alanine	94-97	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	295-298
18852303-10	2008	Replacement of arginine by alanine or glutamine (alpha,beta,gammaR138A/Q) completely abolished both the Na(+) current (I(Na)) and a 75-kD gamma-ENaC fragment at the cell surface stimulated by CAP2.	Alanine	27-34	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	138-148
18852303-10	2008	Replacement of arginine by alanine or glutamine (alpha,beta,gammaR138A/Q) completely abolished both the Na(+) current (I(Na)) and a 75-kD gamma-ENaC fragment at the cell surface stimulated by CAP2.	Alanine	27-34	cyclase associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
18452209-14	2008	This Arg residue is next to the conserved Leu residue and is replaced by Ala in Bak.	Alanine	73-76	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
18723508-3	2008	Because genome-encoded fragments of editing domains of other synthetases are scarce, the AlaXp redundancy of the editing domain of alanyl-tRNA synthetase is thought to reflect an unusual sensitivity of cells to mistranslation at codons for Ala.	Alanine	89-92	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	131-153
18855261-1	2008	UNLABELLED: The substitution of cytosine (C) by thymine (T) at nucleotide 677 of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which converts an alanine to a valine residue, is a frequent polymorphism with reduced specific activity, associated with moderate increase in plasma homocysteine levels (tHcy) and risk of vascular diseases.	Alanine	153-160	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	85-120
18855261-1	2008	UNLABELLED: The substitution of cytosine (C) by thymine (T) at nucleotide 677 of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which converts an alanine to a valine residue, is a frequent polymorphism with reduced specific activity, associated with moderate increase in plasma homocysteine levels (tHcy) and risk of vascular diseases.	Alanine	153-160	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	122-127
18653460-4	2008	In the other mutant, the NC motif conserved in the H-rev107 family of proteins was changed to alanine residues.	Alanine	94-101	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	51-59
18243808-12	2008	Val (6), Ala (7) and Trp (344) were found to be stabilizing residues in the native protein (1OPL) coded by ABL1 gene.	Alanine	9-12	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	107-111
18502759-4	2008	So far IGF-I residues structurally corresponding to the residues of the insulin site 1 together with residues in the C-domain of IGF-I have been found to be important for binding of IGF-I to the IGF-I receptor (e.g. Phe(23), Tyr(24), Tyr(31), Arg(36), Arg(37), Val(44), Tyr(60), and Ala(62)).	Alanine	283-286	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	195-209
18490453-8	2008	Mutation of the TRPM6 autophosphorylation site, Thr(1851), into either an alanine or an aspartate, resulted in functional channels that could still be inhibited by ATP.	Alanine	74-81	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6	Homo sapiens	16-21
2210066-3	1990	In the analysis of DQ beta variation in DR4, DRw6, and DR2 haplotypes, a correlation was observed between the presence of the negatively charged residue Asp at position 57 and low susceptibility and the presence of an Ala (DR4), Val (DRw6), or Ser (DR2) and higher susceptibility.	Alanine	218-221	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	19-26
2210066-3	1990	In the analysis of DQ beta variation in DR4, DRw6, and DR2 haplotypes, a correlation was observed between the presence of the negatively charged residue Asp at position 57 and low susceptibility and the presence of an Ala (DR4), Val (DRw6), or Ser (DR2) and higher susceptibility.	Alanine	218-221	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
18489586-3	2008	CAC homodimerization occurs mainly through its second helix, and it is abolished when its sole tryptophan is mutated to alanine.	Alanine	120-127	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
2210066-3	1990	In the analysis of DQ beta variation in DR4, DRw6, and DR2 haplotypes, a correlation was observed between the presence of the negatively charged residue Asp at position 57 and low susceptibility and the presence of an Ala (DR4), Val (DRw6), or Ser (DR2) and higher susceptibility.	Alanine	218-221	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	223-226
18362152-7	2008	We define the core amino acid residues of a prototypic PPPSP motif via alanine scanning mutagenesis and demonstrate that each of the five PPPSP motifs exhibits signaling and Axin binding activity in isolation.	Alanine	71-78	axin 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
2283296-1	1990	Hb Iowa with a Gly----Ala mutation at position beta 119(GH2) was observed in a Black infant and her mother.	Alanine	22-25	growth hormone 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
18440551-6	2008	Here we show that mutation of the switch II glutamate to Ala severely impairs GEF-catalysed nucleotide exchange in most, but not all, Ras family G proteins, explaining its high sequence conservation.	Alanine	57-60	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	78-81
15496467-4	2004	Our results with mutation of the conserved Ala to Gly in two S lipoxygenases (mouse 8S-LOX and human 15-LOX-2) and the corresponding Gly-Ala substitution in two R lipoxygenases (human 12R-LOX and coral 8R-LOX) reveal that the basis for R or S stereo-control also involves a switch in the position of oxygenation on the substrate.	Alanine	137-140	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12R type	Homo sapiens	184-191
34492279-9	2022	Increased total n-3 PUFA (DHA, EPA and ALA) was significantly associated with lower IL-10 (beta = -0.667; p = 0.007) and lower total Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) (beta = -0.715; p = 0.036).	Alanine	39-42	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	84-89
18194442-3	2008	To assess whether the extracellular acidic residues of the P2X2 receptor contribute to zinc potentiation or inhibition, site-directed mutagenesis was used to produce alanine substitutions at each extracellular glutamate or aspartate.	Alanine	166-173	purinergic receptor P2X 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
34492279-9	2022	Increased total n-3 PUFA (DHA, EPA and ALA) was significantly associated with lower IL-10 (beta = -0.667; p = 0.007) and lower total Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) (beta = -0.715; p = 0.036).	Alanine	39-42	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	144-149
18299387-7	2008	Furthermore, engineered mutation of MEF2D PKA phosphoacceptor sites (serines 121 and 190 to alanine) rendered a PKA-resistant MEF2D protein, which efficiently rescues myogenesis from PKA-mediated repression.	Alanine	92-99	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Homo sapiens	36-41
34780780-9	2022	Importantly, slow unfolding/refolding dynamics could still be observed in regions of LeuT in the presence of Ala.	Alanine	109-112	Leucine transport, high	Homo sapiens	85-89
34886638-13	2021	Conclusion: Gas explosion can cause multi-organ system damage in rats, the mechanism of which may be related to the biosynthesis of alanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, metabolism of niacin and niacinamide, metabolism of acetaldehyde and dicarboxylic acid, and TCA cycle, etc.	Alanine	132-139	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
18299387-7	2008	Furthermore, engineered mutation of MEF2D PKA phosphoacceptor sites (serines 121 and 190 to alanine) rendered a PKA-resistant MEF2D protein, which efficiently rescues myogenesis from PKA-mediated repression.	Alanine	92-99	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Homo sapiens	126-131
18363349-6	2008	2006, 49, 7024) proposed that an adverse steric interaction between the C8 methyl group in 2 and Ala-65 of CA-II is responsible for the diminished CA-II inhibitory potency of 2.	Alanine	97-100	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	107-112
34403736-7	2021	Furthermore, the primary association signal in the HLA class II region was located within the HLA-DQ gene region, most likely due to HLA-DQB1, particularly the amino acid position 57 (aspartic acid/alanine) in the peptide binding groove, or an intergenic SNP upstream of HLA-DQB1.	Alanine	198-205	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
34403736-7	2021	Furthermore, the primary association signal in the HLA class II region was located within the HLA-DQ gene region, most likely due to HLA-DQB1, particularly the amino acid position 57 (aspartic acid/alanine) in the peptide binding groove, or an intergenic SNP upstream of HLA-DQB1.	Alanine	198-205	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
34403736-7	2021	Furthermore, the primary association signal in the HLA class II region was located within the HLA-DQ gene region, most likely due to HLA-DQB1, particularly the amino acid position 57 (aspartic acid/alanine) in the peptide binding groove, or an intergenic SNP upstream of HLA-DQB1.	Alanine	198-205	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-141
18363349-6	2008	2006, 49, 7024) proposed that an adverse steric interaction between the C8 methyl group in 2 and Ala-65 of CA-II is responsible for the diminished CA-II inhibitory potency of 2.	Alanine	97-100	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	147-152
18363349-11	2008	Our results draw into question the proposed steric interaction between the C8 methyl of 2 and Ala-65 of CA-II.	Alanine	94-97	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	104-109
34777468-4	2021	We report a novel missense mutation of c. 925A > T (p.I309F) in an individual with atypical synpolydactyly inherited from her father with mild clinodactyly and three other different alanine insertion mutations in HOXD13 identified by whole exome sequencing (WES) in 12 Chinese SPD families.	Alanine	182-189	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	213-219
18416833-6	2008	For DEFB132, we show that extensive diversity, including a four-state amino acid polymorphism (valine, isoleucine, alanine and threonine at position 93), is present in hunter-gatherer populations, both African and non-African, but not found in samples from agricultural populations.	Alanine	115-122	defensin beta 132	Homo sapiens	4-11
34746462-10	2021	Moreover, ALA significantly upregulated the expression of COX-2 concomitant with the downregulation of elevated NOX-4.	Alanine	10-13	NADPH oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
34746462-11	2021	Significance: ALA attenuates the lung cytotoxicity of busulfan through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic effects that may be mediated by upregulation of COX-2 and downregulation of NOX-4.	Alanine	14-17	NADPH oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
18334255-5	2008	Using alanine-scanning mutagenesis we found four residues, all located on the "top" region of AT(3), that are essential for binding to TRAP.	Alanine	6-13	TRAP	Homo sapiens	135-139
18180290-3	2008	Previous studies have shown that class II prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) possesses both pre- and post-transfer editing functions against noncognate alanine.	Alanine	148-155	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	42-64
34218351-3	2022	This occurs as a result of administering heme precursors (e.g., aminolevulinic acid; ALA) because the final step of the pathway (the insertion of ferrous iron into PpIX by ferrochelatase to form heme) is relatively slow.	Alanine	85-88	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	172-186
18180290-3	2008	Previous studies have shown that class II prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) possesses both pre- and post-transfer editing functions against noncognate alanine.	Alanine	148-155	glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
18194661-7	2008	Site-directed mutagenesis of any of the four conserved histidine residues (His 50, 86, 120 and 159) to alanine resulted in much diminished levels of heme in the purified Dcytb, while mutation of the non-conserved histidine 33 had no effect on the heme content.	Alanine	103-110	cytochrome b reductase 1	Homo sapiens	170-175
33867440-10	2021	There was a positive correlation between serum endocan and serum alanine transferase (P = 0.02), and a positive correlation between serum endocan and the number of tumors (P = 0.01).	Alanine	65-72	endothelial cell specific molecule 1	Homo sapiens	47-54
18230369-7	2008	Based on the mass spectrometric data, site-directed mutagenesis experiments were performed which clearly identified additional amino acid residues on E2 distant from the site of antibody interaction, whose change to alanine inhibited antibody recognition by inducing conformational changes within the E2 protein.	Alanine	216-223	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 B	Homo sapiens	301-311
18323871-8	2008	2), a heterozygous 15-nucleotide deletion, PHOX2B 1124del15, resulting in loss of 5 alanine residues in the alanine repeat of the protein, was found in the daughter with muscle palsy and her father with normal traits, but was not found in the mother with muscle palsy.	Alanine	84-91	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	43-49
34110823-1	2021	The article describes the application of the alanine-scanning technique used in combination with Raman, surface-enhanced Raman, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared, and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopies, which allowed defining the role of individual amino acid residues in the C-terminal 6-14 fragment of the bombesin chain (BN6-14) on the path of its adsorption on the surface of Ag (AgNPs) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs).	Alanine	45-52	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	354-362
18323871-8	2008	2), a heterozygous 15-nucleotide deletion, PHOX2B 1124del15, resulting in loss of 5 alanine residues in the alanine repeat of the protein, was found in the daughter with muscle palsy and her father with normal traits, but was not found in the mother with muscle palsy.	Alanine	108-115	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	43-49
18070921-6	2008	Yap5 contains two cysteine-rich domains, and the mutation of the cysteines to alanines in each of the domains affects the transcription of CCC1 but not DNA binding.	Alanine	78-86	Ccc1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	139-143
35617160-9	2022	Epitope mapping studies on alanine-substituted NS1 proteins identified distinct but overlapping epitopes.	Alanine	27-34	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	47-50
18216256-5	2008	Alanine mutations of these conserved charged residues not only abolished the inhibition of motor activity by the GTD but also prevented myosin Va from forming a folded conformation.	Alanine	0-7	myosin VA	Homo sapiens	136-145
35611885-5	2022	Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that alanine substitutions in the each of these acidic dileucine motifs decreased binding with AP2beta.	Alanine	43-50	adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	133-140
18161990-5	2008	Mutation of serines 637-639 to alanine (3A) or aspartate (3D) results in an increased tyrosine kinase activity of c-Abl 3D, and a slight reduction of the activity of the 3A mutant, as compared to wild-type (WT) c-Abl.	Alanine	31-38	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	114-119
35537058-5	2022	Crystal structures and MD simulations show that CH-pi interactions stabilize the aromatic cluster to maintain the three pseudo-symmetric carbohydrate-binding sites, nonaromatic amino acid substitutions (Tyr to Ala) abrogate antiviral activity, and increasing the aromatic CH-pi edge-to-centroid interface via a Tyr to Trp substitution yields a GRFT variant with improved potency and increased residence time of Man-9 observed in MD simulations.	Alanine	210-213	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	411-416
35537058-6	2022	NMR titrations of a Tyr-to-Ala variant indicate that disruption of the aromatic prevents the intermolecular crosslinking between two equivalents of Man-9 and one carbohydrate-binding face observed in wild-type GRFT and known to be critical for picomolar potency of this lectin.	Alanine	27-30	mannosidase alpha class 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
35563766-8	2022	Furthermore, dephosphorylation-mimic serine to alanine mutants of SRSF3 indicated the position of phosphorylated residues.	Alanine	47-54	serine and arginine rich splicing factor 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
18161990-5	2008	Mutation of serines 637-639 to alanine (3A) or aspartate (3D) results in an increased tyrosine kinase activity of c-Abl 3D, and a slight reduction of the activity of the 3A mutant, as compared to wild-type (WT) c-Abl.	Alanine	31-38	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	211-216
35444668-12	2022	Site-directed mutagenesis of seven serines into alanines in the predicted 14-3-3 binding sites on the SCI1 sequence prevented its degradation during mitosis.	Alanine	48-56	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein theta	Homo sapiens	74-80
18172502-6	2008	Here we show that the editing site of alanyl-tRNA synthetase, as an artificial recombinant fragment, targets mischarged tRNA(Ala) using a structural motif unrelated to that for aminoacylation so that, remarkably, two motifs (one for aminoacylation and one for editing) in the same enzyme independently can provide determinants for tRNA(Ala) recognition.	Alanine	125-128	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	38-60
18039857-5	2008	c-Src with a C-terminal Leu/Ala mutation in GENL (Src-A) promoted the activation and translocation of cortactin and focal adhesion kinase and increased the motility and persistence of cell migration on the basement membrane.	Alanine	28-31	cortactin	Homo sapiens	102-111
35409186-8	2022	Genetic analysis revealed a single nucleotide change (C > T) that altered an amino acid (Ala > Val) in the candidate gene (Os03g0131200) encoding a CATALASE C in llm9428.	Alanine	89-92	catalase	Felis catus	148-156
35298257-2	2022	We found that TONSOKU (TSK/TONSL), which rescues broken replication forks, specifically interacts with H3.1 via recognition of alanine 31 by its tetratricopeptide repeat domain.	Alanine	127-134	tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Homo sapiens	23-26
35298257-2	2022	We found that TONSOKU (TSK/TONSL), which rescues broken replication forks, specifically interacts with H3.1 via recognition of alanine 31 by its tetratricopeptide repeat domain.	Alanine	127-134	tonsoku like, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	27-32
17975895-3	2007	We generated two proteolytically inactive Lon mutants, S679A and S679W, where the active site serine is mutated to an Ala and Trp residue, respectively.	Alanine	118-121	putative ATP-dependent Lon protease	Escherichia coli	42-45
35062333-4	2022	Alanine substitution at this position potently inhibited HIV-1 cell-cell spread (the dominant mode of HIV-1 dissemination) by preventing recruitment of Env and Gag to sites of cell-cell contact, inhibiting virological synapse (VS) formation and spreading infection.	Alanine	0-7	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	152-155
17878166-8	2007	The Ala(71) in SCA3, replacing the Gly(71) in SCA1, has no predictable effect on structure.	Alanine	4-7	ataxin 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
17785468-5	2007	Serine to alanine mutations at the two PKA phosphorylation sites of HSL (659 and 660), or at the AMPK phosphorylation sites (565), blocked FRET between HSL and AFABP/aP2.	Alanine	10-17	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	68-71
17785468-5	2007	Serine to alanine mutations at the two PKA phosphorylation sites of HSL (659 and 660), or at the AMPK phosphorylation sites (565), blocked FRET between HSL and AFABP/aP2.	Alanine	10-17	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	152-155
17724025-9	2007	"Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2.	Alanine	1-8	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-14	Homo sapiens	89-97
17724025-9	2007	"Alanine-walk" and related analogs were synthesized and tested against both Na(V)1.2 and Na(V)1.4; replacement of Trp-8 resulted in reversible block of Na(V)1.2, whereas replacement of Lys-7, Trp-8, or Asp-11 yielded a more profound effect on the block of Na(V)1.4 than of Na(V)1.2.	Alanine	1-8	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-14	Homo sapiens	256-264
17532187-3	2007	Endocytosis and ubiquitination were prevented when the Ser 18 in the PKC phosphorylation motif of the Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit was mutated to an alanine, suggesting that phosphorylation at Ser-18 is required for ubiquitination.	Alanine	149-156	ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	102-130
17576516-7	2007	Histidine 23 of the archaeal dPGM of T. acidophilum, which corresponds to active site histidine in dPGMs from bacteria and eukarya, was exchanged for alanine by site directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	150-157	Phosphoglucose mutase 1	Drosophila melanogaster	29-33
17691833-9	2007	Furthermore, the N-terminal alanine residues of HTB9 and HTB11 were found to be mono-, di-, or trimethylated or unmodified.	Alanine	28-35	Histone superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
17583729-3	2007	We have investigated this conformational factor in the denatured state of iso-1-cytchrome c using a five alanine insert in front of a unique histidine in the N-terminal region of the protein.	Alanine	105-112	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
17559836-5	2007	An alanine substitution mutant (S1880A) was significantly more dynamic at the NPC compared to the wild-type protein, suggesting that serine 1880 is important for binding of gp210 to the NPC.	Alanine	3-10	nucleoporin 210	Homo sapiens	173-178
17493940-5	2007	The amino acid residues responsible for Smad6 sensitivity of ALK-3 were identified as Arg-238, Phe-264, Thr-265, and Ala-269, which map to the N-terminal lobe of the ALK-3 kinase domain.	Alanine	117-120	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A	Homo sapiens	61-66
17493940-5	2007	The amino acid residues responsible for Smad6 sensitivity of ALK-3 were identified as Arg-238, Phe-264, Thr-265, and Ala-269, which map to the N-terminal lobe of the ALK-3 kinase domain.	Alanine	117-120	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A	Homo sapiens	166-171
17468166-5	2007	A single point mutation of alanine to tryptophan (A100W) in prestin eliminates prestin-associated charge movement and diminishes EMF but does not alter passive membrane mechanics.	Alanine	27-34	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	60-67
17468166-5	2007	A single point mutation of alanine to tryptophan (A100W) in prestin eliminates prestin-associated charge movement and diminishes EMF but does not alter passive membrane mechanics.	Alanine	27-34	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	79-86
17607359-1	2007	NOD mice with knockout of both native insulin genes and a mutated proinsulin transgene, alanine at position B16 in preproinsulin (B16:A-dKO mice), do not develop diabetes.	Alanine	88-95	insulin II	Mus musculus	66-76
17475658-2	2007	The ability of an F13L deletion virus to form plaques was restored by PCR products containing single alanine substitutions within the motif and a YAAL construct but not by constructs lacking both the Y and L residues.	Alanine	101-108	palmytilated EEV membrane glycoprotein	Vaccinia virus	18-22
17544358-3	2007	Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within exon 10 of the human FSHR gene result in two almost equally common allelic variants exhibiting threonine (Thr) or alanine (Ala) at position 307 in the hinge region, respectively, asparagine (Asn) or serine (Ser) at codon 680 of the intracellular domain.	Alanine	170-177	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	77-81
17544358-3	2007	Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within exon 10 of the human FSHR gene result in two almost equally common allelic variants exhibiting threonine (Thr) or alanine (Ala) at position 307 in the hinge region, respectively, asparagine (Asn) or serine (Ser) at codon 680 of the intracellular domain.	Alanine	179-182	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	77-81
17403680-6	2007	Substitution of Ala for Asn residues within each of three consensus N-linked glycosylation sites in the propeptide abrogated ADAMTS9 secretion.	Alanine	16-19	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9	Homo sapiens	125-132
17219406-8	2007	Mutation of T958 to alanine reduced PDGF-stimulated SHIP2 tyrosine phosphorylation and association with Shc, but did not alter its anti-proliferative effect on preadipocytes.	Alanine	20-27	SHC adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
17485541-6	2007	Alanine substitutions for lysines 408 and 412 (K408A/K412A) in a putative nucleotide-binding site of muA abolished NTPase activity, further suggesting that NTPase activity is attributable to protein muA.	Alanine	0-7	inosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	115-121
17485541-6	2007	Alanine substitutions for lysines 408 and 412 (K408A/K412A) in a putative nucleotide-binding site of muA abolished NTPase activity, further suggesting that NTPase activity is attributable to protein muA.	Alanine	0-7	inosine triphosphatase	Homo sapiens	156-162
17433363-5	2007	Alanine scanning of the E6AP-UbcH7 binding interface identified four side-chains on UbcH7 and six side-chains on E6AP that contribute more than 1 kcal/mol to the binding free energy.	Alanine	0-7	ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Homo sapiens	24-28
17428466-5	2007	Second, mutation of threonine 509 in BRCA1, the site of Akt phosphorylation, to an alanine, attenuates the ability of heregulin to induce BRCA1 nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	83-90	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	37-42
17428466-5	2007	Second, mutation of threonine 509 in BRCA1, the site of Akt phosphorylation, to an alanine, attenuates the ability of heregulin to induce BRCA1 nuclear accumulation.	Alanine	83-90	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	138-143
17355965-4	2007	In this study, we have identified the functional epitope on uPAR that is responsible for its interaction with the full-length, extended form of vitronectin by using a comprehensive alanine-scanning library of purified single-site uPAR mutants (244 positions tested).	Alanine	181-188	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	144-155
17251291-4	2007	A CXCR3 variant carrying the CXCR4 binding pocket was constructed by simultaneous lysine-to-alanine and serine-to-glutamate substitutions at positions 300 and 304 of the CXCR3 receptor.	Alanine	92-99	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
17311416-1	2007	Na+-Dependent transmembrane transport of small neutral amino acids, such as glutamine and alanine, is mediated, among others, by the neutral amino acid transporters of the solute carrier 1 [SLC1, alanine serine cysteine transporter 1 (ASCT1), and ASCT2] and SLC38 families [sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SNAT1), SNAT2, and SNAT4].	Alanine	90-97	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	331-336
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	36-43	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	217-222
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	36-43	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	235-240
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	217-222
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	235-240
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	217-222
17311416-3	2007	Here, we describe a new photolabile alanine derivative based on protection of alanine with the 4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl (MNI) caging group, which we use for pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of alanine transport by ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2.	Alanine	78-85	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	235-240
17311416-6	2007	Photolytic release of free alanine results in the generation of significant transient current components in HEK293 cells expressing the ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2 proteins.	Alanine	27-34	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	136-141
17311416-6	2007	Photolytic release of free alanine results in the generation of significant transient current components in HEK293 cells expressing the ASCT2, SNAT1, and SNAT2 proteins.	Alanine	27-34	solute carrier family 38 member 2	Homo sapiens	154-159
17270027-5	2007	Alanine substitution mutations revealed that three of those amino acids Ser(344) Glu(345) Ser(346) are essential for efficient steady-state internalization of CXCR4.	Alanine	0-7	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
17141577-5	2007	In contrast, a yeast strain with alanine replacing homologous Glu339 in Msh6 has nearly normal repair for insertion-deletion and most base-base mismatches, but is defective in repairing base-base mismatches characteristic of oxidative stress, e.g. 8-oxo-G.A mismatches.	Alanine	33-40	mismatch repair ATPase MSH6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-76
17241698-7	2007	The presence of the hydrophobic, aliphatic residues valine, alanine or leucine appears to be important for tyrosinase inhibition.	Alanine	60-67	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	107-117
17241698-8	2007	Therefore, good tyrosinase inhibitory peptides preferably contain arginine and/or phenylalanine in combination with valine, alanine and/or leucine.	Alanine	88-95	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	16-26
17154157-7	2007	Docking of a TRAP peptide bearing a Trp to Ala mutation rendered the lower energy configurations either bound weakly outside the active site or not bound to PfAldo at all.	Alanine	43-46	TRAP	Homo sapiens	13-17
17079233-1	2007	A number of alanine mutations in extracellular loop two (ECL2) of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were found to increase or decrease basal activity when compared with the wild type receptor.	Alanine	12-19	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	70-106
17079233-1	2007	A number of alanine mutations in extracellular loop two (ECL2) of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were found to increase or decrease basal activity when compared with the wild type receptor.	Alanine	12-19	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	108-112
18003225-3	2007	Our results suggest that prestin appears to change membrane tension and amplify electrically-evoked force generation, while a single point mutation of alanine to tryptophan in prestin reduces electrically-evoked force generation without affecting the membrane tension.	Alanine	151-158	solute carrier family 26 member 5	Homo sapiens	176-183
17982255-8	2007	The stimulating effect of PIKfyve was abrogated by replacement of the serine in the SGK consensus sequence by alanine ((S318A)PIKfyve).	Alanine	110-117	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
16968986-0	2007	The alanine/threonine polymorphism of the alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) gene and ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Japanese population.	Alanine	4-11	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	42-66
16968986-0	2007	The alanine/threonine polymorphism of the alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (SERPINA3) gene and ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Japanese population.	Alanine	4-11	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	68-76
17318017-10	2007	Therefore, this study demonstrates that mutations in the TTF-2 gene are rare in pCH patients and suggests that variations in the length of the Ala-tract could at least partially explain the etiology of pCH but not that of extra-thyroidal malformations.	Alanine	143-146	transcription termination factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-62
17109345-2	2006	We determined the protease activity in 181 NS3/4A gene products in which each protease residue was replaced by alanine or glycine.	Alanine	111-118	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	43-46
17116872-4	2006	Phosphorylation of three residues embedded in this domain, Ser-65, Thr-69, and Ser-70, impair a cleavage at position Ser(77)-Ala(78) that is required to initiate PARL-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.	Alanine	125-128	presenilin associated rhomboid like	Homo sapiens	162-166
16920721-4	2006	Here we demonstrated that overexpression of GRK2 mutated at the clathrin-binding motif with alanine (GRK2-5A) results in inhibition of phosphorylation and internalization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR).	Alanine	92-99	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	178-203
16920721-4	2006	Here we demonstrated that overexpression of GRK2 mutated at the clathrin-binding motif with alanine (GRK2-5A) results in inhibition of phosphorylation and internalization of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR).	Alanine	92-99	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	205-212
17014440-9	2006	Unusually for a trypsin-like proteinase however, equine tryptase has alanine at residue 216, rather than glycine, which confers increased arginine substrate specificity in vitro and may restrict fibrinogenolysis in vivo.	Alanine	69-76	proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret	Equus caballus	56-64
17014440-11	2006	Further work is warranted to determine the biological relevance of the unique alanine 216 substitution in the molecular sequence of the equine tryptase substrate-binding pocket.	Alanine	78-85	proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret	Equus caballus	143-151
16783001-2	2006	Smoothened (Smo) is essential for Hh signal transduction but loses activity if three specific PKA sites or adjacent PKA-primed casein kinase 1 (CK1) sites are replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	171-178	smoothened	Drosophila melanogaster	0-10
16783001-2	2006	Smoothened (Smo) is essential for Hh signal transduction but loses activity if three specific PKA sites or adjacent PKA-primed casein kinase 1 (CK1) sites are replaced by alanine residues.	Alanine	171-178	smoothened	Drosophila melanogaster	0-3
16856944-7	2006	Substituting Ala for the conserved residue K(338) or L(349) in the RA domain or deleting the RA domain abolished the Ras1-RA or Ras1-Cdc35 interactions.	Alanine	13-16	Ras family GTPase RAS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-121
16856944-7	2006	Substituting Ala for the conserved residue K(338) or L(349) in the RA domain or deleting the RA domain abolished the Ras1-RA or Ras1-Cdc35 interactions.	Alanine	13-16	Ras family GTPase RAS1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	128-132
16856944-7	2006	Substituting Ala for the conserved residue K(338) or L(349) in the RA domain or deleting the RA domain abolished the Ras1-RA or Ras1-Cdc35 interactions.	Alanine	13-16	adenylate cyclase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-138
16474210-8	2006	In addition, the purified catalytic subunit of PKA could phosphorylate the recombinant C-terminal region of Cx43, but not the variant in which all four serine residues were substituted with alanine.	Alanine	190-197	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
16467306-5	2006	We used alanine-scanning mutagenesis to identify regions of human MD-2 that are important for TLR4 and LPS binding.	Alanine	8-15	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	66-70
16533034-8	2006	PM labeled a single Cys residue in Cys-185-Ala dCK, suggesting that one of the two Cys residues labeled in wild-type dCK was Cys 185.	Alanine	43-46	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	47-50
16533034-9	2006	The distance between the single PM-labeled Cys residue and the Trp residues in Cys-185-Ala dCK was 20.75 A.	Alanine	87-90	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	91-94
16533034-11	2006	The substrate specificity of Cys-185-Ala dCK was altered in that dAdo and UTP were better substrates for the mutant than for the wild-type enzyme.	Alanine	37-40	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	Drosophila melanogaster	41-44
16537363-5	2006	Gli2 mutant proteins in which the major PKA and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta phosphorylation sites were mutated to alanine remain fully transcriptionally active; however, PKA-mutant Gli2 functions independently of Akt signaling, indicating that Akt positively regulates Shh signaling by controlling PKA-mediated Gli inactivation.	Alanine	117-124	GLI-Kruppel family member GLI2	Mus musculus	0-4
16326905-6	2006	Mutation of the putative Gly hinge to Ala in KCNQ2 (Kv7.2) abolished channel function.	Alanine	38-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
16326905-6	2006	Mutation of the putative Gly hinge to Ala in KCNQ2 (Kv7.2) abolished channel function.	Alanine	38-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
16499494-3	2006	We previously demonstrated that a phenylalanine to alanine mutation in the third transmembrane domain (TM3) of the NR1 subunit decreased the ethanol inhibition of NMDA receptors expressed in HEK293 cells.	Alanine	40-47	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	103-106
16102831-0	2006	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the chemokine receptor CCR3 reveals distinct extracellular residues involved in recognition of the eotaxin family of chemokines.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	55-59
16102831-2	2006	To examine receptor/ligand interactions in more detail, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of 21 charged residues within the extracellular loops (ECLs) of CCR3.	Alanine	69-76	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	162-166
16388603-4	2006	In this study, Sir2-catalyzed reactions are shown to transfer an 18O label from the peptide acetyl group to the ribose 1"-position of OAADPr, providing direct evidence for the formation of a covalent alpha-1"-O-alkylamidate, whose existence is further supported by the observed methanolysis of the alpha-1"-O-alkylamidate intermediate to yield beta-1"-O-methyl-ADP-ribose in a Sir2 histidine-to-alanine mutant.	Alanine	395-402	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	377-381
16704745-3	2006	The immunostimulatory characteristic of hIL-10 has been attributed to a single amino acid, isoleucine at position 87, which in vIL-10 is alanine.	Alanine	137-144	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	40-46
17167223-9	2006	Replacement of serine by alanine at the two SGK consensus sites decreased I(HERG) but neither mutation abolished the stimulating effect of SGK3.	Alanine	25-32	serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	44-47
16848739-0	2006	Ligand recognition by vitamin D receptor: total alanine scanning mutational analysis of the residues lining the ligand binding pocket of vitamin D receptor.	Alanine	48-55	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	22-40
16848739-0	2006	Ligand recognition by vitamin D receptor: total alanine scanning mutational analysis of the residues lining the ligand binding pocket of vitamin D receptor.	Alanine	48-55	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	137-155
16899523-2	2006	In adult plants, two genes encoding mitochondrial isoforms m-AlaAT and alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), catalysing, respectively, reversible reactions of alanine/oxoglutarate&lt;==&gt;glutamate/pyruvate and alanine/glyoxylate&lt;==&gt;glycine/pyruvate, were expressed in roots, stems, and leaves.	Alanine	71-78	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	61-66
16899523-2	2006	In adult plants, two genes encoding mitochondrial isoforms m-AlaAT and alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), catalysing, respectively, reversible reactions of alanine/oxoglutarate&lt;==&gt;glutamate/pyruvate and alanine/glyoxylate&lt;==&gt;glycine/pyruvate, were expressed in roots, stems, and leaves.	Alanine	164-171	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	61-66
16899523-5	2006	In hypoxic embryo axes, the amounts of transcript and putative protein of m-AlaAT (EC 2.6.1.2) increased while those of AGT (EC 2.6.1.44) decreased and in vivo enzyme activities changed as revealed by [(15)N]alanine and [(15)N]glutamate labelling.	Alanine	208-215	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	76-81
16899523-6	2006	Under hypoxia, m-AlaAT catalysed only alanine synthesis while glutamate synthesis using alanine as amino donor was inhibited.	Alanine	38-45	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	17-22
16899523-7	2006	As a result, alanine accumulated as the major amino acid in hypoxic seedlings instead of asparagine, in agreement with the involvement of the fermentative AlaAT pathway in hypoxia tolerance.	Alanine	13-20	alanine aminotransferase 2	Medicago truncatula	155-160
16932841-8	2006	Sequence analysis of candidate gene MSX1 revealed a novel recessive missense mutation resulting in substitution of alanine to threonine amino acid (p. A219T), located in the MSX1 homeodomain, which is important for DNA binding and protein-protein interaction.	Alanine	115-122	msh homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
16932841-8	2006	Sequence analysis of candidate gene MSX1 revealed a novel recessive missense mutation resulting in substitution of alanine to threonine amino acid (p. A219T), located in the MSX1 homeodomain, which is important for DNA binding and protein-protein interaction.	Alanine	115-122	msh homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
16198160-5	2005	Consequently, the replacement of two of these residues (V66 and I174) in human CK2 alpha with alanines gives rise to mutants, which are markedly less susceptible than wild type to these classes of inhibitors.	Alanine	94-102	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	79-88
16288713-5	2005	PERK, an eIF2alpha kinase, is found to interact with wt and mutants of eIF2alpha in which the serine 51 or 48 residue is replaced by alanine or aspartic acid thereby suggesting that the phosphorylation site in the substrate is not important for interaction.	Alanine	133-140	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	71-80
16300682-7	2005	On day two after birth, alanine, glycine, glutamine, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine were elevated in the blood of the PEPCK-C-/- mice and the blood urea nitrogen concentration was increased by 2-fold.	Alanine	24-31	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	123-130
16207540-2	2005	A common missense mutation in the MTHFR gene (C to T substitution at position 677 changing valine to alanine) produces a variant with reduced enzymatic action, resulting in higher plasma levels of homocysteine.	Alanine	101-108	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	34-39
16137545-6	2005	RESULTS: A C-to-T transition in codon 26 of exon 3 in the MYH7 gene was found in one family (including four patients and five carriers), resulting in an amino acid substitution of valine (Val) for alanine (Ala).	Alanine	197-204	myosin heavy chain 7	Homo sapiens	58-62
16137545-6	2005	RESULTS: A C-to-T transition in codon 26 of exon 3 in the MYH7 gene was found in one family (including four patients and five carriers), resulting in an amino acid substitution of valine (Val) for alanine (Ala).	Alanine	206-209	myosin heavy chain 7	Homo sapiens	58-62
15955866-2	2005	Alanine scanning of putative pore regions of mouse RyR2 has highlighted the amino acid Gln4863, predicted to lie within trans-membrane helix TM10, as an important determinant of ryanodine binding.	Alanine	0-7	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	51-55
15955866-7	2005	We suggest that replacement of a glutamine by an alanine residue at position 4863 causes RyR2 to simultaneously alter interactions with both ends of the ryanoid molecule.	Alanine	49-56	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	89-93
16114870-1	2005	Specific interactions of human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) with its nonpeptide and peptide agonists were studied using alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	123-130	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	31-54
16114870-1	2005	Specific interactions of human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) with its nonpeptide and peptide agonists were studied using alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	123-130	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	56-61
16002730-1	2005	A non-glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding variant of the pleiotropic chemokine CCL7 was generated by mutating to alanine the basic (B) amino acids within an identified (44)BXBXXB(49) GAG-binding motif.	Alanine	109-116	C-C motif chemokine ligand 7	Homo sapiens	75-79
16009141-4	2005	RESULTS: The activities of prolidase I and II against glycylproline and methionylproline were enhanced by glycine, L- and D-isoforms of alanine and serine and D-isoforms of valine, leucine and isoleucine.	Alanine	136-143	peptidase D	Homo sapiens	27-36
15918885-4	2005	A single mutation in the third RTPR that changes a conserved alanine residue to a threonine affects both 5"-end-processed psbH transcript accumulation as well as psbB translation, resulting in disruption of PSII and seedling lethal plants.	Alanine	61-68	photosystem II protein H	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-126
15943912-1	2005	Alanine at residue 73 (Ala-73) and aspartate at residue 9 (Asp-9) are characteristic to both Cw6 and Cw7 alleles of HLA-C gene and have been suggested as possible markers for psoriasis vulgaris (PsV).	Alanine	0-7	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	116-121
15943912-1	2005	Alanine at residue 73 (Ala-73) and aspartate at residue 9 (Asp-9) are characteristic to both Cw6 and Cw7 alleles of HLA-C gene and have been suggested as possible markers for psoriasis vulgaris (PsV).	Alanine	0-3	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	116-121
15943912-3	2005	In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the association between HLA-C (Ala-73 and Asp-9) and susceptibility to PsV among Saudi patients.	Alanine	82-85	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	75-80
15867160-4	2005	Screening of a large library of random mutants of the Escherichia coli endopeptidase OmpT led to the isolation of an enzyme variant, 1.3.19, that cleaved an Ala-Arg peptide bond instead of the Arg-Arg bond preferred by the WT enzyme.	Alanine	157-160	outer membrane protease	Escherichia coli	85-89
15603555-6	2005	In order to investigate the binding site, binding experiments with alanine mutants of Hsp60 cysteine residues were conducted.	Alanine	67-74	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
15603555-8	2005	Furthermore, the replacement of Hsp60 Cys442 with an alanine residue renders the chaperone activity resistant to ETB inhibition, while the alanine replacement of other cysteine residues do not.	Alanine	53-60	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
15977829-4	2005	By varying the number of alanine residues in the adjacent regions of the molecule, the sequence H-Asp1-Ala2-Ala3-Ala4-Arg5-Ala6-Ala7-Glu8-Asp9-Ala10-Ala11--Lys12-QH was chosen, which most adequately simulates the conformational properties of the address fragments of oncoprotein receptors.	Alanine	25-32	beta-secretase 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
15833348-3	2005	When the methionine-7 (Met-7) residue, which coordinates to the heme iron as an axial ligand, of the wild-type cytochrome b562 was replaced by an Ala or Gly residue, a water molecule bound to the heme iron and the electron transfer rate constants decreased to 1.3 x 10(-3) and 1.8 x 10(-3) cm s(-1), respectively.	Alanine	146-149	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	111-123
15819625-4	2005	By alanine scanning mutagenesis of the entire RID we were able to identify nine residues critical for Opi1-dependent repression of Ino2 function.	Alanine	3-10	transcriptional regulator OPI1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
15878749-5	2005	A significant difference was found between the control group and the SPT cases in allele frequencies of GPX1 ALA( *)6 and ALA( *)7 (p(trend)=0.04).	Alanine	109-112	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
15817126-4	2005	RESULTS: The functional analysis of specific receptor mutants in HEK293T cells revealed that the exchange of valine 738 in the fifth transmembrane domain of rTas1r3 by an alanine is sufficient to confer lactisole sensitivity to the rat sweet taste receptor.	Alanine	171-178	taste 1 receptor member 3	Rattus norvegicus	157-164
15611134-5	2005	Mutation of Thr299 alone to alanine caused ZIPK to assume a diffuse cellular localization, whereas T299D redistributed the enzyme to the cytoplasm.	Alanine	28-35	death associated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
15737064-11	2005	Remarkably, expression of a version of Scc3-SA2 whose mitotic phosphorylation sites have been mutated to alanine alleviates the precocious loss of sister chromatid cohesion and the mitotic arrest of cells lacking shugoshin.	Alanine	105-112	Irr1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
15664365-3	2005	In the present study, a fast, sensitive, robust method was developed for the determination and quantification of a BN/GRP receptor antagonist RC-3095 (D-Tpi-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leupsi(CH2NH)Leu-NH2), in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.	Alanine	165-168	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	118-121
15705867-8	2005	Gene-gene interaction of ADPRT and XRCC1 polymorphisms increased risk of lung cancer in a supermultiplicative manner (OR for the presence of both ADPRT 762Ala/Ala and XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotypes, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.09-16.72), although the XRCC1 polymorphism itself was not associated with the risk.	Alanine	155-158	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
15680938-5	2005	Mutation of alanine residue 315 within the TM3 to tryptophan increased the potency of GABA and abolished isoflurane modulation.	Alanine	12-19	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	45-48	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	35-39
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	45-48	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	45-48	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15492118-7	2005	Biochemical studies confirmed that B2AR/B2AR-ala homomeric complexes form more readily than DOR/B2AR heteromers in expression-matched cell clones and support the hypothesis that B2AR/B2AR-ala complexes are not disrupted by agonist.	Alanine	45-48	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
15505803-9	2005	We have also applied alanine scanning to the mimic-MDM2 complex and reveal which mutations are most likely to alter the binding affinity, possibly giving rise to escape mutants.	Alanine	21-28	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	51-55
15459170-3	2004	The novel deletion was predicted to remove 10 out of 14 alanines (A221_A230del), from the polyalanine tract downstream of the winged helix/forkhead domain of the FOXL2 protein.	Alanine	56-64	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	162-167
15347660-2	2004	To investigate the role of these residues in the catalytic function of fXa, we expressed three mutants of the protease in which the charges of these residues were neutralized by their substitutions with Ala (D185A, K186A, and E188A).	Alanine	203-206	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	71-74
15504032-6	2004	We generated a series of Cav-2 constructs harboring the mutation of each tyrosine to alanine, singly or in combination, i.e., Cav-2 Y19A, Y27A, and Y19A/Y27A.	Alanine	85-92	caveolin 2	Mus musculus	25-30
15504032-6	2004	We generated a series of Cav-2 constructs harboring the mutation of each tyrosine to alanine, singly or in combination, i.e., Cav-2 Y19A, Y27A, and Y19A/Y27A.	Alanine	85-92	caveolin 2	Mus musculus	126-131
15504032-7	2004	Recombinant expression of these mutants in Cos-7 cells demonstrated that neither tyrosine is the unique phosphorylation site, and that double mutation of tyrosines 19 and 27 to alanine abrogates Cav-2 tyrosine phosphorylation.	Alanine	177-184	caveolin 2	Mus musculus	195-200
15483133-8	2004	Finally, Ala 315 of KCNQ3, a residue located in the inner vestibule after the selectivity filter, plays a critical role in preventing current flow in KCNQ3 homomeric channels, whereas it is permissive in heteromers in combination with Thr at the equivalent 276 position of KCNQ2.	Alanine	9-12	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2	Homo sapiens	273-278
15331559-3	2004	To assess the association between variants in the GPx-1 gene and atherosclerosis, we screened the gene in 184 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and identified four polymorphisms (-602A/G, +2C/T, Ala(5)/Ala(6), and Pro198Leu).	Alanine	195-198	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
15331559-3	2004	To assess the association between variants in the GPx-1 gene and atherosclerosis, we screened the gene in 184 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and identified four polymorphisms (-602A/G, +2C/T, Ala(5)/Ala(6), and Pro198Leu).	Alanine	202-205	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
15331559-7	2004	In vitro functional analyses indicated that the combination of polymorphisms (Ala(6)/198Leu) of the GPx-1 gene had a 40% decrease in enzyme activity, and the combination of polymorphisms (-602G/+2T) had a 25% decrease in transcriptional activity.	Alanine	78-81	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
15279907-5	2004	Alanine substitution of the three basic residues present in the IL3-BXXBB (IL3-AXXAA mutant) yielded a &lt; or =60 kDa possibly under-glycosylated form of the FSHR, whereas the same substitutions in the Ctail resulted in the immature &gt;62 kDa form of the receptor; both AXXAA hFSHR mutants completely failed to bind agonist and activate effector.	Alanine	0-7	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	159-163
15279907-5	2004	Alanine substitution of the three basic residues present in the IL3-BXXBB (IL3-AXXAA mutant) yielded a &lt; or =60 kDa possibly under-glycosylated form of the FSHR, whereas the same substitutions in the Ctail resulted in the immature &gt;62 kDa form of the receptor; both AXXAA hFSHR mutants completely failed to bind agonist and activate effector.	Alanine	0-7	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	278-283
15054045-3	2004	Alanine substitution of W593, essential for protein-protein interaction in the context of other WW domains, impaired TEL-PDGFbetaR-mediated transformation of hematopoietic cells due to inhibition of TEL-PDGFbetaR kinase activity.	Alanine	0-7	ets variant 6	Mus musculus	117-120
15054045-3	2004	Alanine substitution of W593, essential for protein-protein interaction in the context of other WW domains, impaired TEL-PDGFbetaR-mediated transformation of hematopoietic cells due to inhibition of TEL-PDGFbetaR kinase activity.	Alanine	0-7	ets variant 6	Mus musculus	199-202
15059956-9	2004	Analyses using FOXL2 mutants also demonstrated the importance of the entire alanine/proline-rich carboxyl terminus of FOXL2 for transcriptional repression.	Alanine	76-83	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	15-20
15059956-9	2004	Analyses using FOXL2 mutants also demonstrated the importance of the entire alanine/proline-rich carboxyl terminus of FOXL2 for transcriptional repression.	Alanine	76-83	forkhead box L2	Homo sapiens	118-123
15040788-2	2004	Bradykinin was released from these peptides by the mK1- and rK1-mediated hydrolysis of Arg-Arg and Arg-Ser (or Arg-Ala) peptide bonds.	Alanine	115-118	keratin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
15188372-7	2004	These novel mutations resulted in the substitution of tryptophan (TGG) by a stop codon (TGA) at amino acid position 188 (W188X) and in the exchange of valine (GTG) for alanine (GCG) at amino acid position 203 (V203A).	Alanine	168-175	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
15177960-14	2004	Twelve members of the family were found to have a heterozygous single mutation in the TGFBI gene leading to a predicted amino acid substitution of aspartic acid for alanine (A546D).	Alanine	165-172	transforming growth factor beta induced	Homo sapiens	86-91
15147202-13	2004	Site-directed mutation of T91 to alanine abolished PKA-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of GAD activity.	Alanine	33-40	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
15128807-6	2004	Alanine substitution of amino acids in peptides from the key binding regions of the OspE family indicated that several lysine residues are required for factor H binding.	Alanine	0-7	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	152-160
15128807-8	2004	The C-terminal site V (Ala(151)-Lys(166)) is necessary, but not sufficient, for factor H binding in both rodents and humans.	Alanine	23-26	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	80-88
15190946-2	2004	Recent reports name the acyl-CoA : diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on BTA14 as a potential candidate gene, with a nonconservative substitution of lysine by alanine (K232A) producing a major effect on milk composition and yield.	Alanine	168-175	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	67-72
15225750-0	2004	Two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis of the interaction between the vitamin D receptor and its ligands: studies of A-ring modified 19-norvitamin D analogs.	Alanine	16-23	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	84-102
15225750-1	2004	To clarify the structure-function relationship (SFR) of vitamin D analogs in terms of their interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), we have proposed a new approach, two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis (2D-ASMA).	Alanine	188-195	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	113-131
15225750-1	2004	To clarify the structure-function relationship (SFR) of vitamin D analogs in terms of their interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR), we have proposed a new approach, two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis (2D-ASMA).	Alanine	188-195	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	133-136
14757772-2	2004	To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the binding, we have employed charged-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis of the soluble fragment containing the N-terminal 287 amino acids of GPIbalpha.	Alanine	82-89	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	180-189
15139528-5	2004	The L-form, D-form, retro-inverted D-form, and selective Cys-to-Ala site-directed mutants of peptides P8 and P25 were also shown to retain binding to Caco-2 cell membranes when immobilized on the surface of a model particulate.	Alanine	64-67	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	109-112
14676204-6	2004	Mutation of this residue to alanine resulted in an ovalicin-sensitive MetAP-1 allele, demonstrating that an alanine at this position is critical for inhibition by ovalicin.	Alanine	108-115	methionyl aminopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	70-77
15009215-4	2004	Using a collection of 21 clustered alanine-substitution mutations in emerin, the residues required for binding to Btf mapped to two regions of emerin that flank its lamin-binding domain.	Alanine	35-42	BCL2 associated transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
14983021-1	2004	We recently used a positional cloning approach to identify a nonconservative lysine to alanine substitution (K232A) in the bovine DGAT1 gene that was proposed to be the causative quantitative trait nucleotide underlying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting milk fat composition, previously mapped to the centromeric end of bovine chromosome 14.	Alanine	87-94	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	130-135
14604990-8	2004	Mutating Ser486, which is phosphorylated in activated CISK, to Ala prevented the interaction, indicating that CISK and PDK-1 interact in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.	Alanine	63-66	3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	47-54	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	96-130
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	47-54	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	132-138
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	47-54	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	140-145
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	96-130
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	132-138
14645203-2	2004	The disease is caused by the expansion of a 10-alanine stretch to 12-17 alanine residues in the poly(A)-binding protein, nuclear 1 (PABPN1; PABP2).	Alanine	72-79	poly(A) binding protein, nuclear 1	Mus musculus	140-145
14685275-8	2004	Alanine substitutions in one domain of CRMP1 produce a constitutively active protein that causes Sema3A-independent COS-7 contraction.	Alanine	0-7	collapsin response mediator protein 1	Mus musculus	39-44
14570906-6	2004	Substitution of the RHRRR sequence with alanine residues abolished raft localization of the CD4 mutant, RA5, as determined biochemically using solubilization in nonionic detergents and by confocal microscopy.	Alanine	40-47	RA5	Homo sapiens	104-107
14551205-5	2003	Hamartin with alanine mutations in the three cyclin-dependent kinase 1 phosphorylation sites increased the inhibition of p70S6 kinase by the hamartin-tuberin complex.	Alanine	14-21	TSC complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	150-157
14557272-3	2003	Each amino acid residue within the TM10 sequence, 4844IIFDITFFFFVIVILLAIIQGLII4867, of the mouse RyR2 was mutated to either alanine or glycine.	Alanine	124-131	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	97-101
14616030-18	2003	have shown that Ala substitution from Gly(24) to Met(28) or D-amino acid substitution from Ala(23) to Met(28) causes a significant reduction in the potency of orexin-B for both OX(1)R and OX(2)R receptors.	Alanine	16-19	hypocretin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	177-183
12900423-6	2003	The activity was highest toward substrates with Val or Ala in the P1 position, whereas low activity toward the peptide with a P1 Phe was observed, indicating that the substrate specificity of rMCP-5 indeed is elastase-like.	Alanine	55-58	chymase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-198
14555487-6	2003	Curiously, the essential function of the Rpa135 Zn-binding domain is not related to Zn(2+) binding per se, since replacement of only one of the four cysteine residues with alanine led to the loss of Rpa135 function.	Alanine	172-179	DNA-directed RNA polymerase I core subunit RPA135	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-47
14555487-6	2003	Curiously, the essential function of the Rpa135 Zn-binding domain is not related to Zn(2+) binding per se, since replacement of only one of the four cysteine residues with alanine led to the loss of Rpa135 function.	Alanine	172-179	DNA-directed RNA polymerase I core subunit RPA135	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	199-205
14555487-7	2003	Even more strikingly, replacement of all four cysteines with alanines resulted in functional Rpa135.	Alanine	61-69	DNA-directed RNA polymerase I core subunit RPA135	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	93-99
14527395-2	2003	We performed an alanine mutagenesis scan covering the entire beta-actin molecule.	Alanine	16-23	POTE ankyrin domain family member F	Homo sapiens	61-71
12759351-5	2003	Significantly, Cdc25A mutants carrying alanine instead of either Ser-75 or Ser-123 demonstrate that only Ser-75 mediates protein stabilization in response to UV-induced DNA damage.	Alanine	39-46	cell division cycle 25A	Homo sapiens	15-21
12890716-6	2003	(4) Isotherm saturation binding experiments demonstrated that [(125)I][hPP(1-17), Ala(31), Aib(32)]NPY binds to an apparent single population with high-affinity (K(D) of 1.2 and 1.7 nM) and low-capacity (B(max) of 14+/-3 fmol/100,000 cells and 20+/-5 fmol/mg protein) sites in Y(5) receptor HEK293-transfected cells and rat brain membrane homogenates, respectively.	Alanine	82-85	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Rattus norvegicus	277-290
12926772-3	2003	This study investigated the effects of a nonconservative lysine to alanine (K232A) substitution in DGAT1, which very likely represents the causal mutation, on milk production traits.	Alanine	67-74	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	99-104
12738779-5	2003	This consensus sequence was similar to that for other MMPs, which also cleave peptides containing Ala in position 3, Ala in position 1, and Leu/Tyr in position 1", but differed from most other MMP substrates in that proline was rarely found in position 3 and Asn was frequently found in position 1.	Alanine	98-101	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	54-58
12738779-5	2003	This consensus sequence was similar to that for other MMPs, which also cleave peptides containing Ala in position 3, Ala in position 1, and Leu/Tyr in position 1", but differed from most other MMP substrates in that proline was rarely found in position 3 and Asn was frequently found in position 1.	Alanine	98-101	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	54-57
12738779-5	2003	This consensus sequence was similar to that for other MMPs, which also cleave peptides containing Ala in position 3, Ala in position 1, and Leu/Tyr in position 1", but differed from most other MMP substrates in that proline was rarely found in position 3 and Asn was frequently found in position 1.	Alanine	117-120	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	54-58
12738779-5	2003	This consensus sequence was similar to that for other MMPs, which also cleave peptides containing Ala in position 3, Ala in position 1, and Leu/Tyr in position 1", but differed from most other MMP substrates in that proline was rarely found in position 3 and Asn was frequently found in position 1.	Alanine	117-120	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Homo sapiens	54-57
12697028-7	2003	Catalytically competent IA-2 and IA-2beta species were generated by "back-mutation" of only three key residues (equivalent to Tyr(46), Asp(181) and Ala(217) using the human PTP1B numbering) to those of PTP1B.	Alanine	148-151	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type N	Homo sapiens	24-28
12672800-8	2003	Similarly, a complex between NF-kappaB and a mutant IkappaBbeta protein containing four serine to alanine mutations within its C-terminal proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine-rich sequence exhibits nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.	Alanine	98-105	NFKB inhibitor beta	Homo sapiens	52-63
12665502-4	2003	We have identified five hydrophobic amino acid residues on the ALK4 extracellular domain (Leu40, Ile70, Val73, Leu75, and Pro77) that, when mutated to alanine, have substantial effects on ALK4-trunc dominant negative activity.	Alanine	151-158	activin A receptor type 1B	Homo sapiens	63-67
12665502-4	2003	We have identified five hydrophobic amino acid residues on the ALK4 extracellular domain (Leu40, Ile70, Val73, Leu75, and Pro77) that, when mutated to alanine, have substantial effects on ALK4-trunc dominant negative activity.	Alanine	151-158	activin A receptor type 1B	Homo sapiens	188-192
12757474-6	2003	Valine is substituted by alanine (V30A) in the mutant TTR.	Alanine	25-32	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	54-57
12637511-3	2003	Using systematic alanine mutagenesis of amino acids conserved between different beta integrin cytoplasmic domains, we identified the tryptophan residue at position 775 of human beta(1) integrin as specific and necessary for integrin-mediated protein kinase B/Akt survival signaling.	Alanine	17-24	integrin subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	177-193
12692222-7	2003	Alanine mutagenesis of the transmembrane domain of CCR5 suggests that AD101 and SCH-C bind to overlapping but nonidentical sites within a putative ligand-binding cavity formed by transmembrane helices 1, 2, 3, and 7.	Alanine	0-7	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	51-55
12586837-4	2003	MMP-26 was capable of activating pro-MMP-9 by cleavage at the Ala(93)-Met(94) site of the prepro-enzyme.	Alanine	62-65	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	37-42
12667064-6	2003	The epitope for a function-blocking monoclonal antibody, Dis 1-1, was localized to the N-terminal end of the ADAM 28 disintegrin domain using these same charge-to-alanine mutants.	Alanine	163-170	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 28	Homo sapiens	109-116
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	4-11	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	4-11	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	152-156
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	17-20	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	38-42
12654728-5	2003	The alanine 577 (Ala 577) mutation in GCN2 (S577A) dampened the effects of rapamycin on eIF2alpha phosphorylation and GCN4 translation, suggesting that GCN2 activation by rapamycin involves Ser 577 dephosphorylation.	Alanine	17-20	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	152-156
12794305-4	2003	In both the CCK-1R and CCK-2R, we demonstrate that alanine substitution of two TMD IV residues, which are highly conserved among all known CCK receptor subtypes and species homologs, significantly decrease CCK-8 affinity.	Alanine	51-58	cholecystokinin A receptor	Homo sapiens	12-18
12514189-7	2003	COS-1 cells transfected with ADAMTS9 (but not vector-transfected cells) proteolytically cleaved bovine versican and aggrecan core proteins at the Glu(441)-Ala(442) bond of versican V1 and the Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) bond of aggrecan, respectively.	Alanine	155-158	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9	Homo sapiens	29-36
12514189-7	2003	COS-1 cells transfected with ADAMTS9 (but not vector-transfected cells) proteolytically cleaved bovine versican and aggrecan core proteins at the Glu(441)-Ala(442) bond of versican V1 and the Glu(1771)-Ala(1772) bond of aggrecan, respectively.	Alanine	202-205	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9	Homo sapiens	29-36
12482850-3	2003	Proteolysis of pro-Crp4 with MMP-7 activated in vitro bactericidal activity to the level of the mature Crp4 peptide by cleaving pro-Crp4 at Ser(43) downward arrow Ile(44) and Ala(53) downward arrow Leu(54) in the proregion and near the Crp4 peptide NH(2) terminus between Ser(58) downward arrow Leu(59).	Alanine	175-178	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Mus musculus	29-34
12598646-3	2003	Here we use analysis of sequence alignments to show that Ala-33, a small side chain in the hydrophobic "ball-and-socket" dimer interface of lambda Cro, was a much larger tryptophan side chain at a previous point in evolution.	Alanine	57-60	cro	Escherichia virus Lambda	147-150
12670540-0	2003	Interaction between vitamin D receptor and vitamin D ligands: two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	78-85	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	20-38
12670540-1	2003	We present a new method to investigate the details of interaction between vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) and various ligands, namely a two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	153-160	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	74-100
12670540-1	2003	We present a new method to investigate the details of interaction between vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) and various ligands, namely a two-dimensional alanine scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	153-160	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	102-105
12670540-2	2003	In this method, the transactivation of various ligands is studied in conjunction with a series of alanine scanning mutations of the residues lining the ligand binding pocket (LBP) of VDR, and the complete set of results is profiled in a patch table.	Alanine	98-105	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
12670540-2	2003	In this method, the transactivation of various ligands is studied in conjunction with a series of alanine scanning mutations of the residues lining the ligand binding pocket (LBP) of VDR, and the complete set of results is profiled in a patch table.	Alanine	98-105	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	183-186
12388190-2	2003	In the present study, the role of a highly conserved Trp residue at position 1242 on MRP3 transport function was examined by expressing wild-type MRP3 and Ala-, Cys-, Phe-, Tyr-, and Pro-substituted mutants in human embryonic kidney 293T cells.	Alanine	155-158	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
12761189-2	2003	Mutation of three amino acids, -Leu-Met-Tyr, at the carboxy-terminal end of the transmembrane segment of b5 to alanines resulted in localization of the mutated protein, b5LMY/AAA, in the cytosol as well as in the ER membrane.	Alanine	111-119	AAA1	Homo sapiens	169-178
12581880-4	2003	We found that the enhanced homodimerization properties of v-erbA compared to TRalpha1 map to isoleucine at position 339 in conjunction with serine at position 351 and alanine at position 358.	Alanine	167-174	thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-64
12433926-2	2003	To elucidate the recognition and specific processing of the preproteins by MPP, we mutated to alanines at acidic residues conserved in a large internal cavity formed by the MPP subunits, alpha-MPP and beta-MPP, and analyzed the processing efficiencies for various preproteins.	Alanine	94-102	peptidase, mitochondrial processing subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	187-196
12504082-5	2003	The gamma(c) residues involved in IL-21 binding were defined by alanine-scanning mutational analysis.	Alanine	64-71	interleukin 21	Homo sapiens	34-39
12515544-6	2003	Site-directed mutagenesis was used to change S272 to alanine, which would be expected to eliminate the hydrogen bond to N1 of PLP or to aspartate, which would be expected to enhance the hydrogen-bonding interaction.	Alanine	53-60	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
15618734-2	2003	The uptake of L-alanine by cells that express hATB(0) (human amino acid transporter B(0)) was inhibited in the presence of imipramine.	Alanine	14-23	solute carrier family 1 member 5	Homo sapiens	46-53
15618734-2	2003	The uptake of L-alanine by cells that express hATB(0) (human amino acid transporter B(0)) was inhibited in the presence of imipramine.	Alanine	14-23	solute carrier family 6 member 14	Homo sapiens	61-88
12586692-2	2003	Members of a cluster of hydrophobic residues of Cdc42p were changed to alanine and/or arginine.	Alanine	71-78	Rho family GTPase CDC42	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	48-54
14577844-4	2003	The analysis of selected alanine mutants of a blocking peptide corresponding to the LBP region 86-99 suggests the importance of peptide amphipathicity for the inhibitory activity.	Alanine	25-32	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	84-87
12587883-0	2003	Role of a two-residue spacer in an alpha,beta-Didehydrophenylalanine containing hexapeptide: crystal and solution structure of Boc-val-deltaPhe-Leu-Ala-deltaPhe-Ala-OMe.	Alanine	148-151	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	127-130
12529529-8	2003	Four aminotransferase activities were specifically associated with GGT1 and GGT2, using the substrate pairs glutamate (Glu):glyoxylate, Ala:glyoxylate, Glu:pyruvate, and Ala:2-oxoglutarate.	Alanine	136-139	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
12529529-8	2003	Four aminotransferase activities were specifically associated with GGT1 and GGT2, using the substrate pairs glutamate (Glu):glyoxylate, Ala:glyoxylate, Glu:pyruvate, and Ala:2-oxoglutarate.	Alanine	170-173	gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
12471606-10	2003	An exception to this is Tyr99H, whose mutation to Ala lowered the binding of DHEAS 0.7 kcal/mol more than the binding of TES.	Alanine	50-53	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
12480180-5	2002	Alanine substitutions for six proline residues located in or near DAT transmembrane domains increase apparent affinity and decrease V(max) values for dopamine efflux mediated by these mutant transporters.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	66-69
12542147-6	2002	Analysis of genotypes and shear force values in both populations revealed a difference between paternal CAPN1 alleles in which the allele encoding isoleucine at position 530 and glycine at position 316 associated with decreased meat tenderness (increased shear force values) relative to the allele encoding valine at position 530 and alanine at position 316 (P &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	334-341	calpain 1	Bos taurus	104-109
12244063-6	2002	C-terminal serine to alanine mutagenesis of US28 resulted in a decreased phosphorylation rate that correlated with enhanced surface expression.	Alanine	21-28	envelope protein US28	Human betaherpesvirus 5	44-48
12446739-4	2002	We found that deletions and alanine substitutions of highly conserved positively charged residues in the MCAK neck domain significantly reduced MT depolymerization activity.	Alanine	28-35	kinesin family member 2C	Homo sapiens	105-109
12221103-8	2002	Double Ala mutation of the PP1C-binding site (KVHF) in Nek2 eliminated both PP1C and Inh2 interactions in both a yeast conjugation assay and an in vitro binding assay.	Alanine	7-10	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	27-31
12221103-8	2002	Double Ala mutation of the PP1C-binding site (KVHF) in Nek2 eliminated both PP1C and Inh2 interactions in both a yeast conjugation assay and an in vitro binding assay.	Alanine	7-10	protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	76-80
12413951-4	2002	Mutant cyclin D1, in which residues important for GSK3beta-mediated degradation of cyclin D1 are altered to non-phosphorylatable alanine, was not ubiquitinated.	Alanine	129-136	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	7-16
12373607-1	2002	The candidate prostate cancer susceptibility gene HPC2/ELAC2 has two common coding polymorphisms: (Ser--&gt;Leu 217) and (Ala--&gt;Thr 541).	Alanine	122-125	elaC ribonuclease Z 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
12373607-1	2002	The candidate prostate cancer susceptibility gene HPC2/ELAC2 has two common coding polymorphisms: (Ser--&gt;Leu 217) and (Ala--&gt;Thr 541).	Alanine	122-125	elaC ribonuclease Z 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
12359247-5	2002	The recombinant seleno-MsrB has been shown to be much more active than the cysteine mutant, whereas the mutations to alanine and serine rendered the protein inactive.	Alanine	117-124	methionine sulfoxide reductase B2	Homo sapiens	23-27
12110674-9	2002	We did alanine-scanning mutagenesis and found that the ER motif regions of Esa1 or Rpd3 are required for HAT activity of Esa1 or HDAC activity of Rpd3, respectively.	Alanine	7-14	lysine acetyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	75-79
12110674-9	2002	We did alanine-scanning mutagenesis and found that the ER motif regions of Esa1 or Rpd3 are required for HAT activity of Esa1 or HDAC activity of Rpd3, respectively.	Alanine	7-14	lysine acetyltransferase 5	Homo sapiens	121-125
12221293-1	2002	A combined experimental and theoretical charge density study of the pentapeptide Boc-Gln-d-Iva-Hyp-Ala-Phol (Boc, butoxycarbonyl; Gln, glutamine; Iva, isovaline; Hyp, hydroxyproline; Ala, ethylalanine; Phol, phenylalaninol) is described.	Alanine	99-102	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	81-84
12221293-1	2002	A combined experimental and theoretical charge density study of the pentapeptide Boc-Gln-d-Iva-Hyp-Ala-Phol (Boc, butoxycarbonyl; Gln, glutamine; Iva, isovaline; Hyp, hydroxyproline; Ala, ethylalanine; Phol, phenylalaninol) is described.	Alanine	99-102	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	109-112
11925449-7	2002	Introducing an Ala(19) mutation into the p53(F270A) protein abolished both RNA.MDM2 complex binding and hyper-ubiquitination in vivo, thus indicating that p53(F270A) protein hyper-ubiquitination depends upon MDM2 binding to its primary site in the BOX-I domain.	Alanine	15-18	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	79-83
11925449-7	2002	Introducing an Ala(19) mutation into the p53(F270A) protein abolished both RNA.MDM2 complex binding and hyper-ubiquitination in vivo, thus indicating that p53(F270A) protein hyper-ubiquitination depends upon MDM2 binding to its primary site in the BOX-I domain.	Alanine	15-18	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	208-212
12212850-3	2002	Alanine cluster mutations of 215EIE217 and 221LELY224 abrogated Slu7 binding to Prp18 in a two-hybrid assay and in vitro, and elicited temperature-sensitive growth phenotypes in vivo.	Alanine	0-7	mRNA splicing protein PRP18	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	80-85
12212850-5	2002	Single alanine mutations of zinc knuckle residues Cys122, His130, and Cys135 had no effect on cell growth, but caused Slu7 function during pre-mRNA splicing in vitro to become dependent on Prp18.	Alanine	7-14	mRNA splicing protein PRP18	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	189-194
11994311-4	2002	Here, we examine the biochemical and biological importance of a conserved hydroxyl-bearing residue in signature motif A. Interestingly, one major exception is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCN5, where an alanine (Ala(190)) is located in the corresponding position.	Alanine	203-210	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	188-192
11994311-4	2002	Here, we examine the biochemical and biological importance of a conserved hydroxyl-bearing residue in signature motif A. Interestingly, one major exception is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCN5, where an alanine (Ala(190)) is located in the corresponding position.	Alanine	212-215	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Homo sapiens	188-192
12011064-5	2002	The insertion of one alanine results in a strongly reduced activation of STAT1 and STAT3, whereas insertion of three alanine residues leads to a stronger STAT activation.	Alanine	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
12097376-5	2002	Peptides containing alanine substitutions at P-1 or P11 in place of PFRs that mediate dependency were considerably less immunogenic and mediated a substantially reduced in vitro recall response to the native protein, inferring that PFR recognition increases immunogenicity.	Alanine	20-27	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	45-55
12234674-5	2002	FOXD4a and FOXD4b are encoded by a 1319 and 1250 bp single exon coding for a winged helix DNA binding domain, an amino-terminal acidic region and a carboxy-terminal proline- and alanine-rich region which correspond to putative transcriptional regulatory motifs.	Alanine	178-185	forkhead box D4 like 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
12124879-5	2002	RESULTS: Nasal administration of a modulatory APL of the heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) 180-188 T cell epitope, alanine 183, had a suppressive effect in AIA that far exceeded that of the wild-type epitope.	Alanine	111-118	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	57-78
12124879-5	2002	RESULTS: Nasal administration of a modulatory APL of the heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) 180-188 T cell epitope, alanine 183, had a suppressive effect in AIA that far exceeded that of the wild-type epitope.	Alanine	111-118	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
12052870-7	2002	Although many of the alanine substitutions affect the ability of Mcm1 to activate transcription alone or in combination with the alpha 1 and Ste12 cofactors, most mutations have little or no effect on Mcm1-mediated repression in combination with the alpha 2 cofactor.	Alanine	21-28	transcriptional co-activator mating type protein alpha	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	129-136
11959859-4	2002	Both mPAT1 and mPAT2 induced a pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for small amino acids (glycine, alanine, and proline) that is altered by membrane potential.	Alanine	108-115	solute carrier family 36 (proton/amino acid symporter), member 1	Mus musculus	5-10
12084926-2	2002	The four MHC pockets at p1, p4, p6, and p9 that usually bind peptide side chains are largely empty because of alanines in the peptide at these positions.	Alanine	110-118	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	9-12
12044908-6	2002	Alanine substitution of a lysine residue placed centrally in beta-strand 5A implied a VN-induced acceleration of latency transition, instead of the normal delay.	Alanine	0-7	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	86-88
12031901-2	2002	Recently, initial attack on Ala side-chains was shown to give alpha-carbon radicals (and hence backbone cleavage) and formaldehyde, via the formation and subsequent beta-scission, of C-3 alkoxyl radicals.	Alanine	28-31	complement C3	Homo sapiens	183-186
11901152-10	2002	Mutating these residues to alanine increased dissociation rates 6-11-fold and the apparent dissociation constant K(D) for wild type human ADA from 17 to 112-160 nm, changing binding free energy by 1.1-1.3 kcal/mol.	Alanine	27-34	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	138-141
11996573-2	2002	Detailed spectral simulations based on ab initio density functional theory computations of the amide I and II infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra for Ac-(Ala)(4)-NH(2), Ac-(Aib-Ala)(2)-NH(2), and Ac-(Aib)(4)-NH(2) constrained to 3(10)- and alpha-helical conformations are presented.	Alanine	181-184	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	200-203
11996573-2	2002	Detailed spectral simulations based on ab initio density functional theory computations of the amide I and II infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra for Ac-(Ala)(4)-NH(2), Ac-(Aib-Ala)(2)-NH(2), and Ac-(Aib)(4)-NH(2) constrained to 3(10)- and alpha-helical conformations are presented.	Alanine	181-184	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	227-230
11782464-5	2002	A mutated CCR5, termed M7-CCR5, in which the Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail were changed to Ala, did not internalize in response to MIP-1alpha.	Alanine	115-118	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	10-14
11980498-4	2002	The values of the Hill coefficients corresponding to the fast and slow observed rate constants of dissociation of wild-type GroEL and the Arg197--&gt;Ala mutant are in good agreement with the respective values of the Hill coefficients previously determined for these proteins from plots of initial rates of ATP hydrolysis as a function of ATP concentration, in the presence of GroES.	Alanine	150-153	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	124-129
11981035-5	2002	Probing this surface with scanning alanine mutagenesis showed structural and functional equivalence between homologous residues of RORalpha and TRbeta.	Alanine	35-42	RAR related orphan receptor A	Homo sapiens	131-139
11991204-6	2002	In addition, several alanine-substituted synthetic LBP-derived peptides inhibited LPS-LBP interaction.	Alanine	21-28	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	51-54
11991204-6	2002	In addition, several alanine-substituted synthetic LBP-derived peptides inhibited LPS-LBP interaction.	Alanine	21-28	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	86-89
12297037-1	2002	Replacement of the Asp-84 residue of the deoxyguanosine kinase subunit of the tandem deoxyadenosine kinase/ deoxyguanosine kinase (dAK/dGK) from Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 by Ala, Asn, or Glu produced increased Km values for deoxyguanosine on dGK.	Alanine	179-182	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	135-138
12297037-1	2002	Replacement of the Asp-84 residue of the deoxyguanosine kinase subunit of the tandem deoxyadenosine kinase/ deoxyguanosine kinase (dAK/dGK) from Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26 by Ala, Asn, or Glu produced increased Km values for deoxyguanosine on dGK.	Alanine	179-182	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	247-250
11876652-0	2002	Alcaligenes xylosoxidans dissimilatory nitrite reductase: alanine substitution of the surface-exposed histidine 139l ligand of the type 1 copper center prevents electron transfer to the catalytic center.	Alanine	58-65	nitrite reductase large subunit	Achromobacter xylosoxidans	39-56
11884796-8	2002	With a vascular network in the mucosa of the upper lip, a bilobed upper-lip flap was created for a clinical case with a full-thickness defect of the ala.	Alanine	149-152	SMG1 nonsense mediated mRNA decay associated PI3K related kinase	Homo sapiens	51-54
11862419-6	2002	Interestingly, one T-cell line specific for peptide hCG beta 106-121 recognized hCG beta peptides comprising, at position 117, either an alanine or an aspartic acid residue, with the latter residue being present within the protein expressed by some tumor cells.	Alanine	137-144	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	52-60
11862419-6	2002	Interestingly, one T-cell line specific for peptide hCG beta 106-121 recognized hCG beta peptides comprising, at position 117, either an alanine or an aspartic acid residue, with the latter residue being present within the protein expressed by some tumor cells.	Alanine	137-144	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	80-88
12473175-2	2002	A functional polymorphic variant (C--&gt;T substitution at nucleotide 677) in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene results in the conversion of an alanine to a valine and may modify the risk of breast and other cancers.	Alanine	168-175	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	82-122
12473175-2	2002	A functional polymorphic variant (C--&gt;T substitution at nucleotide 677) in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene results in the conversion of an alanine to a valine and may modify the risk of breast and other cancers.	Alanine	168-175	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	124-129
11879579-4	2002	The T171A and T175A mutants, in which threonines located at residues 171 and 175 were replaced by alanines, revealed a significant increase in their kinase activities to phosphorylate ACS-1 (Aurora-C substrate 1).	Alanine	98-106	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2	Mus musculus	184-189
11879579-4	2002	The T171A and T175A mutants, in which threonines located at residues 171 and 175 were replaced by alanines, revealed a significant increase in their kinase activities to phosphorylate ACS-1 (Aurora-C substrate 1).	Alanine	98-106	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2	Mus musculus	191-211
12785105-2	2002	Its soluble precursor (tropoelastin) has two major types of alternating domains: (1) hydrophilic cross-linked domains rich in Lys and Ala and (2) hydrophobic domains (responsible for elasticity) rich in Val, Pro, and Gly, which often occur in repeats of VPGVG or VGGVG.	Alanine	134-137	elastin	Homo sapiens	23-35
11595747-7	2001	The functional role of the transmembrane domain proximal sequence was assessed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the full-length envelope glycoprotein, with 11 of 12 single alanine substitutions resulting in 1.5- to 4.5-fold enhancements in cell-cell fusion activity.	Alanine	82-89	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	130-151
11595747-7	2001	The functional role of the transmembrane domain proximal sequence was assessed by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the full-length envelope glycoprotein, with 11 of 12 single alanine substitutions resulting in 1.5- to 4.5-fold enhancements in cell-cell fusion activity.	Alanine	174-181	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	130-151
11713288-6	2001	The extreme C terminus of p53 harbors several lysine residues whose ubiquitination by MDM2 appears to be the initial event in p53 nuclear export, as evidenced by the impaired nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of p53 mutants bearing simultaneous substitutions of lysines 370, 372, 373, 381, 382, and 386 to arginines (6KR) or alanines (6KA).	Alanine	319-327	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	86-90
12018682-3	2001	NS3-dependent cleavage sites of BVDV contain a strictly conserved leucine at P1, and either serine or alanine at P1".	Alanine	102-109	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11767944-2	2001	Alanine scanning mutagenesis of 29 amino acid residues that are identical or homologous in GLUT1 to GLUT4 demonstrated that the transport activities of only a few variants were affected.	Alanine	0-7	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Canis lupus familiaris	100-105
11673563-9	2001	Furthermore, a point-mutated Dsg3 molecule containing Dsg1-specific amino acid substitutions (His(25), Cys(28), Ala(29)) reacted with anti-Dsg1 IgG, thus defining one of the epitopes of Dsg1.	Alanine	112-115	desmoglein 3	Mus musculus	29-33
11673563-9	2001	Furthermore, a point-mutated Dsg3 molecule containing Dsg1-specific amino acid substitutions (His(25), Cys(28), Ala(29)) reacted with anti-Dsg1 IgG, thus defining one of the epitopes of Dsg1.	Alanine	112-115	desmoglein 1 alpha	Mus musculus	54-58
11673563-9	2001	Furthermore, a point-mutated Dsg3 molecule containing Dsg1-specific amino acid substitutions (His(25), Cys(28), Ala(29)) reacted with anti-Dsg1 IgG, thus defining one of the epitopes of Dsg1.	Alanine	112-115	desmoglein 1 alpha	Mus musculus	139-143
11673563-9	2001	Furthermore, a point-mutated Dsg3 molecule containing Dsg1-specific amino acid substitutions (His(25), Cys(28), Ala(29)) reacted with anti-Dsg1 IgG, thus defining one of the epitopes of Dsg1.	Alanine	112-115	desmoglein 1 alpha	Mus musculus	139-143
11581002-8	2001	At the amino acid level, this deletion eliminates cysteine 59 (C59Delta) and substitutes alanine 60 by tryptophan (A60W) in the AVP-NP II precursor; interestingly, the remainder of the reading frame remains unchanged.	Alanine	89-96	neuronal pentraxin 2	Homo sapiens	132-137
11581299-1	2001	We have constructed a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding a nonphosphorylatable Thr(34)--&gt;Ala mutant of the apoptosis inhibitor survivin (pAd-T34A) to target tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo.	Alanine	99-102	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5	Homo sapiens	117-145
11675599-3	2001	According to the consensus chronology, the pair of complementary GGC and GCC codons for the amino acids alanine and glycine appeared first.	Alanine	104-111	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	65-68
11559827-5	2001	We found that individual alanine substitutions for these six identical or highly conserved amino acids of MC54L caused changes in affinity and binding free energy for hIL-18 that were quantitatively similar to those produced by mutagenesis of hIL-18BP.	Alanine	25-32	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	167-173
11429411-5	2001	Converting Ala(1239) in mrp1 to Thr, as in the corresponding position (1242) in MRP1, increased E(2)17betaG transport 3-fold.	Alanine	11-14	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1	Mus musculus	80-84
11429411-6	2001	Any mutation of mrp1 Ala(1239), including substitution with Thr, decreased resistance to vincristine and VP-16 without altering anthracycline resistance.	Alanine	21-24	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	105-110
11708664-2	2001	In this study, it has been aimed to convert blood urea to alanine by using PEG-urease/PEG-AlaDH enzyme pair encapsulated within living erythrocyte.	Alanine	58-65	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	90-95
11408489-7	2001	"Prokaryotic-like" Escherichia coli ProRS has recently been shown to be capable of misactivating alanine and possesses both pretransfer and post-transfer hydrolytic editing activity against this noncognate amino acid.	Alanine	97-104	prolyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	36-41
11408489-9	2001	Whereas ProRS from Methanococcus jannaschii is similar to E. coli in its ability to hydrolyze misactivated alanine via both pretransfer and post-transfer editing pathways, human ProRS lacks these activities.	Alanine	107-114	prolyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	8-13
11504868-4	2001	Here we describe an alanine scanning mutagenesis study designed to identify those residues within the CREB bZIP element that control CRE/AP-1 specificity.	Alanine	20-27	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
11435565-3	2001	We have found that mutation of an absolutely conserved arginine (Arg) residue at position 50 to alanine (R50A) of the simian foamy virus SFV cpz(hu) inhibits proper capsid assembly and abolishes viral budding even in the presence of the envelope (Env) glycoproteins.	Alanine	96-103	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	247-250
11323434-9	2001	However, the site in TAP-1 corresponding to Phe-484 of TAB1 is an alanine residue (Ala-364), and changing this residue to Phe abrogates the ability of TAP-1 to interact with and activate MOM-4.	Alanine	66-73	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	21-26
11323434-9	2001	However, the site in TAP-1 corresponding to Phe-484 of TAB1 is an alanine residue (Ala-364), and changing this residue to Phe abrogates the ability of TAP-1 to interact with and activate MOM-4.	Alanine	66-73	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-156
11323434-9	2001	However, the site in TAP-1 corresponding to Phe-484 of TAB1 is an alanine residue (Ala-364), and changing this residue to Phe abrogates the ability of TAP-1 to interact with and activate MOM-4.	Alanine	83-86	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	21-26
11323434-9	2001	However, the site in TAP-1 corresponding to Phe-484 of TAB1 is an alanine residue (Ala-364), and changing this residue to Phe abrogates the ability of TAP-1 to interact with and activate MOM-4.	Alanine	83-86	TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	151-156
11412100-3	2001	Substitution in Ira2p of the arginine following the arginine finger with alanine, the residue found in the corresponding position of p120-GAP, or by glycine as found in neurofibromin, evokes a low but significant stimulation of Ha-Ras GTPase.	Alanine	73-80	Ras GTPase activating protein IRA2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-21
11410276-7	2001	A dysfunctional alpha(2)-AP variant (Ala-alpha(2)-AP or alpha(2)-AP Enschede), with an alanine insertion in the reactive site sequence converting it from a plasmin inhibitor into a substrate, was also efficiently cleaved by MMP-3 (half-life of 13 min at 37 degrees C and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:10).	Alanine	87-94	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	16-27
11410276-7	2001	A dysfunctional alpha(2)-AP variant (Ala-alpha(2)-AP or alpha(2)-AP Enschede), with an alanine insertion in the reactive site sequence converting it from a plasmin inhibitor into a substrate, was also efficiently cleaved by MMP-3 (half-life of 13 min at 37 degrees C and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:10).	Alanine	87-94	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	41-52
11410276-7	2001	A dysfunctional alpha(2)-AP variant (Ala-alpha(2)-AP or alpha(2)-AP Enschede), with an alanine insertion in the reactive site sequence converting it from a plasmin inhibitor into a substrate, was also efficiently cleaved by MMP-3 (half-life of 13 min at 37 degrees C and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:10).	Alanine	87-94	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	41-52
11333893-6	2001	(ii) Substitutions of this site in each W2 repeat domain with alanine markedly reduced the ability of the protein to induce LMP-1 expression in combination with EBNA-2 in Akata cells.	Alanine	62-69	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	124-129
11477221-1	2001	We have recently generated a new mutant of cytochrome b(562) (cytb(562)) in which Met7, one of the axial heme ligands, is replaced by Ala (M7A cytb(562)).	Alanine	134-137	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b	Homo sapiens	43-55
11278681-6	2001	Alanine substitution for any one of these phosphorylated residues, in conjunction with an alanine substitution at residue Ser(36), is lethal in combination with alleles of SPC97, which encodes a component of the Tub4p complex.	Alanine	0-7	Spc97p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	172-177
11336112-5	2001	We synthesized a peptide with multiple alanine substitutions in both critical and noncritical residues of tethered ligand that specifically inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin and thrombin receptor-activating peptide and prevented thrombus formation in a rabbit thrombosis model.	Alanine	39-46	prothrombin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	182-190
11278902-6	2001	The meprin alpha subunit selected for small (e.g. serine, alanine) or hydrophobic (e.g. phenylalanine) residues in the P1 and P1" sites, and proline was the most preferred amino acid at the P2" position.	Alanine	58-65	meprin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	4-16
11316246-7	2001	RESULTS: Sequencing of the cDNA revealed a substitution of G to A in codon 156 of alpha-Gal A, resulting in a single amino acid change from alanine to threonine (A156T).	Alanine	140-147	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	82-93
11367528-8	2001	By alanine replacement mutagenesis, we demonstrated that these residues are involved in heparin, CRP and M protein binding, which indicates that there is a common site within fH SCR 7 responsible for multiple ligand recognition.	Alanine	3-10	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	175-177
11261798-5	2001	The Fas- or CD3-induced cleavage of TRAF3 was blocked by caspase inhibitors and by introduction of alanine substitutions for D347 and D367 residues.	Alanine	99-106	TNF receptor associated factor 3	Homo sapiens	36-41
11083860-3	2001	Mutational analysis of PLD1 and PLD2 reveals that modification of as little as the C-terminal threonine or the addition of a single alanine attenuates activity of the enzyme.	Alanine	132-139	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	32-36
11080500-7	2001	Homocysteic acid and alanine, inhibitors of cystine and cysteine uptake, respectively, caused increased ROS content and diminished viability of GGT expressing cells.	Alanine	21-28	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	144-147
11035031-6	2001	An enzymatically active conformation of GSTO1-1 was required for inhibition of RyR2, and mutation of the active site cysteine (Cys-32 --&gt; Ala) abolished the inhibitory activity.	Alanine	141-144	glutathione S-transferase omega 1	Homo sapiens	40-47
11261326-8	2001	In particular, DRB1*04 variants coding for alanine at position 74 of the DR beta 1 chain (HLA-DR4-Ala74 beta subtype) were detected in all 13 DR4-positive SAA patients but only in 15/24 (62.5%) controls (OR = 16.6; 95% CI: 0.9-312.0; P = 0.015).	Alanine	43-50	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	94-97
11261326-8	2001	In particular, DRB1*04 variants coding for alanine at position 74 of the DR beta 1 chain (HLA-DR4-Ala74 beta subtype) were detected in all 13 DR4-positive SAA patients but only in 15/24 (62.5%) controls (OR = 16.6; 95% CI: 0.9-312.0; P = 0.015).	Alanine	43-50	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
11053428-3	2001	First we mutated the three potential phosphorylation sites in MLK-3 putative activation loop to alanine in an effort to abrogate MLK-3 autophosphorylation.	Alanine	96-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11	Homo sapiens	62-67
11203702-5	2001	In contrast, while Xlim-1 is capable of initiating secondary axis formation at low doses in the   presence of Ldb1, deletion of CCR2 (aa 275-295) or substitution of five conserved tyrosines in CCR2 with   alanines (CCR2-5YA) abolished the activity.	Alanine	205-213	LIM homeobox 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	19-25
11031256-4	2001	We have generated a mutant of LMP1 with four point mutations; amino acids 204, 206, and 208 were mutated to alanine, and amino acid 384 was mutated to glycine.	Alanine	108-115	PDZ and LIM domain 7	Homo sapiens	30-34
11746515-4	2001	In this report, we modify the WPD loop of SHP-1 by alanine-scan mutation of the residues flanking the loop and measure their effects on the catalytic activity of the phosphatase.	Alanine	51-58	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens	42-47
11161829-6	2001	We substituted alanine residues for the most conserved FANCA residues in the putative peroxidase domain and tested their effects on known biochemical and cellular functions of FANCA.	Alanine	15-22	FA complementation group A	Homo sapiens	176-181
11161829-7	2001	While the substitution mutants were comparable to wild-type FANCA with regard to their stability, subcellular localization, and interaction with FANCG, only the Trp(183)-to-Ala substitution (W183A) abolished the ability of FANCA to complement the sensitivity of FA group A cells to mitomycin C.	Alanine	173-176	FA complementation group A	Homo sapiens	223-228
11162439-3	2000	An RXRalpha mutant in which serine residue 27 is mutated to alanine is no longer phosphorylated by PKA.	Alanine	60-67	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	3-11
10991942-5	2000	Kallistatin mutants containing double Ala substitutions for these basic residues displayed a 70-80% reduction of association rate constants, indicating the importance of these basic residues in tissue kallikrein inhibition.	Alanine	38-41	serpin family A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-11
10991942-5	2000	Kallistatin mutants containing double Ala substitutions for these basic residues displayed a 70-80% reduction of association rate constants, indicating the importance of these basic residues in tissue kallikrein inhibition.	Alanine	38-41	kallikrein related peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	201-211
11112528-8	2000	To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[Ala(A6),Ala(A11),Asp(B10),Lys(B28), Pro(B29)]insulin (DKP[A6-A11](Ala))].	Alanine	81-88	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3	Homo sapiens	121-124
11055989-2	2000	To determine residues important for PIP(2) regulation, we have systematically mutated each positive charge in the COOH terminus of Kir6.2 to alanine.	Alanine	141-148	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	131-137
11039907-2	2000	The mutations activating the TSHR gene(s) in the thyroid carcinomas, were located at the codon 623 changing an Ala to a Ser (GCC--&gt;TCC) or in codon 632 changing a Thr to Ala or Ile (ACC--&gt;GCC or ACC--&gt;ATC).	Alanine	111-114	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
11039907-2	2000	The mutations activating the TSHR gene(s) in the thyroid carcinomas, were located at the codon 623 changing an Ala to a Ser (GCC--&gt;TCC) or in codon 632 changing a Thr to Ala or Ile (ACC--&gt;GCC or ACC--&gt;ATC).	Alanine	173-176	thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
11070166-1	2000	The structure of the A6 alphabetaTCR/HTLV-1 Tax-peptide/MHC I complex with proline 6 of Tax substituted with alanine (P6A), an antagonist, is nearly identical to the structure with wild-type Tax agonist.	Alanine	109-116	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	56-59
11034394-5	2000	Single alanine substitutions at positions A16 (Leu), A11 (Cys), B8 (Gly), and B15 (Leu) that are predicted to alter the core structure or chain folding vary widely in their impact on Ab binding.	Alanine	7-14	selectin L	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
10985787-5	2000	Alanine substitution analysis of E12.1 identified six amino acids as indispensable for its ability to inhibit VanR approximately P-PvanH DNA complex formation.	Alanine	0-7	VanR	Enterococcus faecium	110-114
10996428-4	2000	Alanine substitution in the mutants 2HHRI(5)/2AAAA(5), 7HCSNR(11)/7ACAAA(11), 16QES(18)/16AAA(18) and 19KVT(21)/19AAA(21) increased the affinity of hFSHR for hFSH with equilibrium dissociation constants two to fivefold lower than wild type (wt) values.	Alanine	0-7	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	148-153
10940565-8	2000	The aa sequence from the ORF-C localized downstream of the Tc52 gene showed significant homology to human adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (hADAT1) that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala) and to its homologue yeast protein (Tad1p) (22-25% identity and an additional 38-40% similarity over 177aa).	Alanine	221-224	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	141-147
10908300-2	2000	We have recently shown that the substitution of two putative Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) phosphorylation sites, S261 and S266, by alanines in the third intracellular loop of the rat mu-opioid receptor (rMOR1) confers resistance to CaMK II-induced receptor desensitization.	Alanine	158-166	calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	259-266
10777506-2	2000	Surprisingly, when the reciprocal mutations, Lys-214 --&gt; Ala (TM5), Ile-277 --&gt; Val/His-278 --&gt; Gln/Ile-279 --&gt; Val (TM6), and Ile-304 --&gt; Thr (TM7), are introduced in the delta receptor, neither the individual mutations nor their various combinations significantly reduce the binding affinities of opioid alkaloids tested.	Alanine	60-63	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
10869114-1	2000	An association between preeclampsia (PE) and a common missense mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), a C to T substitution at nucleotide 677 (C677T), which converts an alanine to a valine residue, has been reported in Italian and Japanese populations.	Alanine	196-203	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	79-114
10869114-1	2000	An association between preeclampsia (PE) and a common missense mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), a C to T substitution at nucleotide 677 (C677T), which converts an alanine to a valine residue, has been reported in Italian and Japanese populations.	Alanine	196-203	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	121-126
10910365-7	2000	ATM phosphorylates CtIP at serine residues 664 and 745, and mutation of these sites to alanine abrogates the dissociation of BRCA1 from CtIP, resulting in persistent repression of BRCA1-dependent induction of GADD45 upon ionizing radiation.	Alanine	87-94	breast cancer 1, early onset	Mus musculus	125-130
10910365-7	2000	ATM phosphorylates CtIP at serine residues 664 and 745, and mutation of these sites to alanine abrogates the dissociation of BRCA1 from CtIP, resulting in persistent repression of BRCA1-dependent induction of GADD45 upon ionizing radiation.	Alanine	87-94	retinoblastoma binding protein 8, endonuclease	Mus musculus	136-140
10910365-7	2000	ATM phosphorylates CtIP at serine residues 664 and 745, and mutation of these sites to alanine abrogates the dissociation of BRCA1 from CtIP, resulting in persistent repression of BRCA1-dependent induction of GADD45 upon ionizing radiation.	Alanine	87-94	breast cancer 1, early onset	Mus musculus	180-185
10859369-3	2000	Three full-length mutated NS3 proteins containing Tyr(392)Ala, Val(432)Gly and Trp(501)Ala single substitutions, respectively, together with a Tyr(392)Ala/Trp(501)Ala double-substituted protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity.	Alanine	58-61	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	26-29
10859369-3	2000	Three full-length mutated NS3 proteins containing Tyr(392)Ala, Val(432)Gly and Trp(501)Ala single substitutions, respectively, together with a Tyr(392)Ala/Trp(501)Ala double-substituted protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity.	Alanine	87-90	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	26-29
10859369-7	2000	The results obtained with Trp(501)Ala and Val(432)Gly single-substituted enzymes are in agreement with a recently proposed model for NS3 unwinding activity.	Alanine	34-37	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	133-136
10871864-5	2000	In contrast, we now report that the full length Sam68 protein having the same mutation (Arginine429--&gt;Alanine) is completely localized in the nucleus while another Sam68 (Proline439--&gt;Arginine) mutant is found in the cytoplasm.	Alanine	105-112	KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
10748065-6	2000	Alanine mutagenesis within this motif demonstrated that the critical amino acids of triadin binding to calsequestrin are the even-numbered residues Lys(210), Lys(212), Glu(214), Lys(216), Gly(218), Gln(220), Lys(222), and Lys(224).	Alanine	0-7	triadin	Homo sapiens	84-91
10860739-5	2000	This was achieved by screening a random mutant library of the gene encoding CRP HL159 KE101 KN52 for positive control mutants at Class II CRP-dependent promoters, and also by performing alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	186-193	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	76-79
10794709-7	2000	A mutation converting the catalytic-site glutamate residue into alanine abolishes pro-domain removal, even though this mutant form of ADAM28 can be transported to the cell surface in a manner similar to the wild-type protein.	Alanine	64-71	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 28	Mus musculus	134-140
10799302-1	2000	To clarify the structural basis of the cell adhesion activity of cadherins, we examined the effects of point mutations of well-conserved amino acid residues in the extracellular domain 1 of cadherin-4 (Cdh4) on the adhesion properties by alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	238-245	cadherin 4	Homo sapiens	190-200
10928104-3	2000	A base change from C to T at the nucleotide position 677 of the MTHFR gene results in substitution of valine (GTC) for alanine (GCC).	Alanine	119-126	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	64-69
10769167-8	2000	An alanine scan of the peptide revealed residues critical for GVBD inhibition, and site-directed mutagenesis of the corresponding residues in GST-cdc25B(31-566) eliminated its ability to induce GVBD.	Alanine	3-10	cell division cycle 25B L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	146-152
10779370-7	2000	Among other amino acids tested at position 152 of the chimera hb3, only alanine resulted in small but significant increases in the DAT functions ranging from 16 to 34%.	Alanine	72-79	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	131-134
10744747-3	2000	However, a phospholamban Asn(27) --&gt; Ala (N27A) mutant, which maintained a normal pentamer to monomer ratio, was shown to act as a superinhibitor of SERCA2a Ca(2+) affinity.	Alanine	40-43	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2	Mus musculus	152-159
10759846-10	2000	Replacement of the buried Val118 residue by the smaller alanine side-chain is not accompanied by significant structural rearrangements of the neighbouring polypeptide chain and creates a cavity in the core of beta-lactoglobulin.	Alanine	56-63	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	209-227
10812836-7	2000	They are the inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and the variation in some metabolite concentrations (e.g. delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALA-U), blood (ALA-B) or plasma (ALA-P), coproporphyrin in urine (CP), zinc protoporphyrin (ZP) in blood).	Alanine	66-69	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	27-64
10706928-1	2000	The alanine/valine (A/V) gene polymorphism of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), one of the key enzymes catalyzing remethylation of homocysteine, has been reported and the VV genotype is associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels as a result of the reduced activity and increased thermolability of this enzyme.	Alanine	4-11	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	52-87
10706928-1	2000	The alanine/valine (A/V) gene polymorphism of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), one of the key enzymes catalyzing remethylation of homocysteine, has been reported and the VV genotype is associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels as a result of the reduced activity and increased thermolability of this enzyme.	Alanine	4-11	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	89-94
10652306-5	2000	Each of the alanine-substituted ActRII mutants retaining activin binding maintains the ability to form cross-linked complexes with activin and supports activin cross-linking to the type I activin receptor ALK4.	Alanine	12-19	activin A receptor type 1B	Homo sapiens	205-209
10648402-2	2000	The vWf-binding site on GP Ib-IX-V is within the N-terminal 282 residues of GP Ibalpha, which consist of an N-terminal flanking sequence (His-1-Ile-35), 7 leucine-rich repeats (Leu-36-Ala-200), a C-terminal flank (Phe-201-Gly-268), and a sulfated tyrosine sequence (Asp-269-Glu-282).	Alanine	184-187	glycoprotein Ib platelet subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86
10676645-12	2000	In lung cancer patients, but not in controls, changes in PME and PDE levels during alanine infusion were inversely correlated with their respective baseline levels (r = -0.82 and -0.86, respectively; P &lt; 0.001).	Alanine	83-90	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	65-68
10676645-15	2000	Weight-stable lung cancer patients show accelerated increases in PME and PDE levels during L-alanine infusion, suggesting enhanced induction of the gluconeogenic pathway.	Alanine	91-100	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	73-76
10640766-0	2000	C-C chemokine receptor 3 antagonism by the beta-chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 4, a property strongly enhanced by an amino-terminal alanine-methionine swap.	Alanine	143-150	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	0-24
10695265-2	2000	Homozygosity for a common polymorphism in the MTHFR gene (C677T, Ala to Val) is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects and hyperhomocysteinemia in individuals with low folate levels.	Alanine	65-68	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	46-51
10677864-1	2000	We describe two Italian first cousins with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy associated with transthyretin variant consisting of the substitution of alanine for glycine at codon 47 (TTR Ala-47), from a family with a history of cardiac failure.	Alanine	188-191	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	184-187
10677864-4	2000	Since a similar clinical picture has been described in another Italian family, the cardiac involvement must be regarded as a salient and early feature of the TTR Ala-47 mutation.	Alanine	162-165	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	158-161
11111990-0	2000	Long-term results of liver transplantation in four siblings from the same family with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I TTR Ala-71.	Alanine	133-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	129-132
11111990-3	2000	The four siblings are alive 2-5 years after LT. After the operation, the seriated determinations of TTR-Ala-71 variant showed a constant decrease in serum levels in all cases.	Alanine	104-107	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	100-103
10601308-5	1999	Site-directed mutagenesis replaced each of the serine residues within this region with alanine and demonstrated that serine 916 is a major site of in vivo phosphorylation of Ras-GRF1 in both COS-7 cells and NIH-3T3 fibroblasts.	Alanine	87-94	Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1	Homo sapiens	174-182
10601308-8	1999	Full-length Ras-GRF1 that contains an alanine 916 mutation was only partially activated by carbachol, suggesting that phosphorylation at residue 916 is necessary for full activation.	Alanine	38-45	Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-20
10581204-5	1999	Alanine scanning mutagenesis identified one region of p38 that was required for its ability to phosphorylate MAPKAPK-2 and -3, but that did not significantly affect its binding to these substrates.	Alanine	0-7	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	109-125
10567341-5	1999	Mutation of either site to alanine strongly reduced both basal and okadaic acid-stimulated Ndr activity, while combined mutation abolished Ndr activity completely.	Alanine	27-34	serine/threonine kinase 38	Homo sapiens	91-94
10506157-2	1999	Ala- and Val-scanning mutagenesis determined that hydrophobic amino acids at three homologous positions are required for binding of RIalpha to FSC1/AKAP82 domain B and RIIalpha to AKAP Ht31.	Alanine	0-3	A-kinase anchoring protein 1	Homo sapiens	148-152
10512925-1	1999	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism at codon 677 of the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene correlates with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine and with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.	Alanine	28-35	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	87-122
10512925-1	1999	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The alanine/valine (A/V) polymorphism at codon 677 of the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene correlates with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine and with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.	Alanine	28-35	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	124-129
10473582-7	1999	Analysis of recombinant DbpA in which individual lysine residues have been mutated to alanine suggested that three of the conserved residues distributed throughout the DbpA sequence are required for decorin binding.	Alanine	86-93	Y box protein 3	Mus musculus	24-28
10467162-10	1999	Autophosphorylation of wild-type PKN increased the protein kinase activity, however, substitution of Thr64, Ser374, or Thr531 in the regulatory region of PKN with alanine, abolished this effect.	Alanine	163-170	protein kinase N1	Homo sapiens	33-36
10467162-10	1999	Autophosphorylation of wild-type PKN increased the protein kinase activity, however, substitution of Thr64, Ser374, or Thr531 in the regulatory region of PKN with alanine, abolished this effect.	Alanine	163-170	protein kinase N1	Homo sapiens	154-157
10467162-11	1999	Substitution of Thr774 in the activation loop of the catalytic domain of PKN with alanine completely abolished the protein kinase activity.	Alanine	82-89	protein kinase N1	Homo sapiens	73-76
10500684-0	1999	Long-term results of liver transplantation in four siblings from the same family with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy type I TTR ALA-71.	Alanine	133-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	129-132
10430867-2	1999	We report here the identification and characterization of a human ADAR protein, hADAT1, that specifically deaminates adenosine 37 to inosine in eukaryotic tRNA(Ala).	Alanine	160-163	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
10430867-10	1999	The identification and cloning of hADAT1 should help to elucidate the physiological significance of this unique modification in tRNA(Ala), which is conserved from yeast to man.	Alanine	133-136	adenosine deaminase tRNA specific 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
10400757-4	1999	To define these regions in greater detail, we have employed a strategy involving alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the extracellular domains of CXCR4 coupled with a highly sensitive reporter gene assay for HIV-1 Env-mediated membrane fusion.	Alanine	81-88	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
10419565-10	1999	In a current DAT structural model, each of the residues at which alanine substitution selectively reduces cocaine analog or dopamine affinities faces a central transporter cavity, whereas mutations that influence expression levels are more likely to lie at potential helix/helix interfaces.	Alanine	65-72	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
10381509-6	1999	Two forms of nonglycosylated recombinant alpha2AP were expressed, isolated and characterized: (1) wild-type, which was analogous to native alpha2AP, and (2) a mutant form, which had Ala substituted for the reactive-site Arg364.	Alanine	182-185	serpin family F member 2	Homo sapiens	41-49
10381404-5	1999	The triple mutant protein B, Gly10--&gt;Ala, Gly13--&gt;Gln, Gly16--&gt;Ala is resistant to degradation.	Alanine	40-43	prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3	Homo sapiens	18-27
10381404-5	1999	The triple mutant protein B, Gly10--&gt;Ala, Gly13--&gt;Gln, Gly16--&gt;Ala is resistant to degradation.	Alanine	72-75	prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3	Homo sapiens	18-27
10426279-10	1999	While the MHC-peptide complexes formed with the native peptide are stable, complexes formed with the Ala-substituted peptide had a functional t1/2 of less than 4 hr at neutral pH.	Alanine	101-104	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	10-13
10353834-3	1999	Alanine-scanning mutagenesis through 87 consecutive amino acid residues was used to evaluate the role of the C-terminus in autoinhibition of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2 from Arabidopsis thaliana.	Alanine	0-7	H[+]-ATPase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	171-175
10650718-4	1999	The conformational behaviour of the amino acids delta Ala, D-Ala, Val and Aib in model tripeptides have been utilized in the designing of left handed helical peptides.	Alanine	54-57	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	74-77
10329715-5	1999	Alanine substitution mutations in the casein kinase II target phosphorylation sites dramatically reduce the heterochromatin binding activity of HP1, whereas glutamate substitution mutations, which mimic the charge contributions of phosphorylated serine, have apparently wild-type binding activity.	Alanine	0-7	casein kinase IIalpha	Drosophila melanogaster	38-54
10228163-4	1999	Inducible overexpression of mutant mu2, in which these two residues were changed to alanines, resulted in metabolic replacement of endogenous mu2 in AP-2 complexes and complete abrogation of AP-2 interaction with the tyrosine-based internalization motifs.	Alanine	84-92	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	149-153
10228163-4	1999	Inducible overexpression of mutant mu2, in which these two residues were changed to alanines, resulted in metabolic replacement of endogenous mu2 in AP-2 complexes and complete abrogation of AP-2 interaction with the tyrosine-based internalization motifs.	Alanine	84-92	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	191-195
10397153-11	1999	Interestingly, removal of the Ala-Glu-Asn sequence which lies immediately N-terminal from the ITIM in FcR ablated binding to SHP-1 and SHP-2 but not to SHIP.	Alanine	30-33	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6	Homo sapiens	125-130
10397153-11	1999	Interestingly, removal of the Ala-Glu-Asn sequence which lies immediately N-terminal from the ITIM in FcR ablated binding to SHP-1 and SHP-2 but not to SHIP.	Alanine	30-33	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Homo sapiens	135-140
10203598-2	1999	A large proportion of the Caucasian population is heterozygous for a common substitution, 677C--&gt;T (alanine--&gt;valine), in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme of folate interconversion.	Alanine	103-110	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	128-163
10203598-2	1999	A large proportion of the Caucasian population is heterozygous for a common substitution, 677C--&gt;T (alanine--&gt;valine), in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme of folate interconversion.	Alanine	103-110	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	165-170
10206993-3	1999	These Ala mutants triggered neutrophil degranulation and induced calcium responses mediated by CXCR1 and CXCR2.	Alanine	6-9	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Homo sapiens	95-100
10206995-8	1999	The results showed markedly impaired secretion of both C518R and C941Y factor H as well as that of factor H molecules bearing alanine or arginine substitutions at the Cys518-Cys546 disulfide bond (C518A, C546A, C546R, C518A-C546A).	Alanine	126-133	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	99-107
10069383-5	1999	The mutant enzyme in which double mutations Lys-33 to Ala and Thr-34 to Ala were introduced, fully lost both of these activities, indicating that Lys-33 and/or Thr-34 are important for both ATPase and deoxyribonuclease activities.	Alanine	54-57	ATPase	Escherichia coli	190-196
10197446-4	1999	Replacement of serines 744 and 748 with alanine prevented activation of the overexpressed PKD form upon phorbol ester treatment of cells, whereas replacement with glutamic acid results in full constitutive activation.	Alanine	40-47	protein kinase D1	Mus musculus	90-93
9892652-10	1999	In contrast, Cdc6p containing a double alanine mutation in the Walker B motif, DE(223, 224)AA, is functional, and the mutant exhibits an apparently normal S phase.	Alanine	39-46	AAA family ATPase CDC6	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-18
9918843-0	1999	A mutant of deleted variant of hepatocyte growth factor (dHGF) with alanine substitution in the N-terminal basic region has higher activity in vivo.	Alanine	68-75	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	31-55
10048958-8	1999	Exchanging the corresponding lysine residue in the yeast Trm1p for alanine caused a severe loss of activity, indicating that the identity of the amino acid at this position is important for enzyme activity.	Alanine	67-74	tRNA (guanine26-N2)-dimethyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-62
9878114-4	1998	We substituted either the three-arginine or the three-lysine motif with alanine (CD44.3R3A and CD44.3K3A) and established stable CD44 transfectants.	Alanine	72-79	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	81-85
9843705-6	1998	Two variant SERCA3 constructs, huS3-I and huS3-II, were isolated that encode proteins with three amino acid differences: Ala-673 (in huS3-I) substituted for Thr (in huS3-II), Ile-817 substituted for Met, and an insertion of Glu-994.	Alanine	121-124	ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3	Homo sapiens	12-18
9886302-4	1998	The patient with type I was homozygous for a C-to-T substitution in codon 178 causing replacement of Ala (GCG) with Val (GTG).	Alanine	101-104	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
9766532-7	1998	A Smad5-2SA mutant, in which the two most carboxy-terminal serine residues were mutated to alanine residues, was found to act as a dominant negative inhibitor of OP-1-induced responses upon its transfection into various cell types, including ROB-C26 cells, in contrast to ectopic expression of a Smad2-2SA mutant which was without effect.	Alanine	91-98	SMAD family member 5	Rattus norvegicus	2-7
9773984-3	1998	Similarities to other proteins indicate five functional domains in NUDR including an alanine-rich region prevalent in developmental transcription factors, a domain found in the promyelocytic leukemia-associated SP100 proteins, and a zinc finger homology domain associated with the AML1/MTG8 oncoprotein.	Alanine	85-92	DEAF1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	67-71
9753694-3	1998	RESULTS: We present the crystal structure of the complex between VEGF and the Fab fragment of this humanized antibody, as well as a comprehensive alanine-scanning analysis of the contact residues on both sides of the interface.	Alanine	146-153	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	65-69
9743236-2	1998	Recently, the alanine/valine (A/V) gene polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine, was reported.	Alanine	14-21	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	56-96
9743236-2	1998	Recently, the alanine/valine (A/V) gene polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), one of the key enzymes that catalyzes the remethylation of homocysteine, was reported.	Alanine	14-21	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	98-103
9736233-5	1998	Sequencing of the glucokinase gene in the proband revealed a T-to-C mutation in codon 62 which resulted in a valine-to-alanine substitution, designated Va162Ala (V62A).	Alanine	119-126	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	18-29
9677319-6	1998	Incubation of Rad with PKA decreases GTP binding by 60-70%, but this effect seems to be independent of phosphorylation, as it is observed with the Ser273--&gt;Ala mutant of Rad containing a mutation at the site of PKA phosphorylation.	Alanine	159-162	RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator	Homo sapiens	14-17
9677319-6	1998	Incubation of Rad with PKA decreases GTP binding by 60-70%, but this effect seems to be independent of phosphorylation, as it is observed with the Ser273--&gt;Ala mutant of Rad containing a mutation at the site of PKA phosphorylation.	Alanine	159-162	RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator	Homo sapiens	173-176
9625844-4	1998	The frequency of the MTHFR genotypes were 21 Ala/Ala, 29 Ala/Aal, and 7 Val/Val.	Alanine	45-48	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	21-26
9624142-6	1998	Mutation of any of these residues to alanine reduced the receptor"s phosphorylation state and CNP-dependent guanylyl cyclase activity.	Alanine	37-44	natriuretic peptide C	Homo sapiens	94-97
9620170-2	1998	We show that mt-Hsp25, in which the phosphorylation sites, serines 15 and 86, were replaced by alanines, is still efficient in decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and in raising glutathione cellular content, leading the protective activity of mt-Hsp25 against oxidative stress to be identical to that of wt-Hsp25.	Alanine	95-103	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	16-21
9614122-9	1998	Systematic alanine scanning of the amino and the carboxyl terminus revealed several regions essential for Gef1p localization and function.	Alanine	11-18	Gef1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	106-111
9596662-3	1998	A point mutation (C677T; Ala-to-Val) in the gene encoding the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been recently reported to render the enzyme thermolabile and less active.	Alanine	25-28	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	68-103
9596662-3	1998	A point mutation (C677T; Ala-to-Val) in the gene encoding the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) has been recently reported to render the enzyme thermolabile and less active.	Alanine	25-28	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	105-110
9674740-6	1998	The one new mutation we have found, G6PD Serres, is 1082 C--&gt;T causing a 361 Ala--&gt;Val substitution in the dimer interface where most other severe G6PD mutations are found.	Alanine	80-83	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	36-40
9674740-6	1998	The one new mutation we have found, G6PD Serres, is 1082 C--&gt;T causing a 361 Ala--&gt;Val substitution in the dimer interface where most other severe G6PD mutations are found.	Alanine	80-83	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	153-157
9545332-5	1998	To analyze the function of the I4R motif in regulating IL-4 signaling, we changed conserved residues upstream and downstream of the central Tyr to Ala in the human IL-4Ralpha.	Alanine	147-150	interleukin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	164-174
9526000-5	1998	Mutating this serine to alanine did not affect the ability of CB1 to modulate currents, but it eliminated disruption by PMA, demonstrating that PKC can disrupt ion channel modulation by receptor phosphorylation.	Alanine	24-31	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
9560162-6	1998	Mutation of the final residue of the beta2-adrenergic receptor from leucine to alanine abolishes the receptor"s interaction with NHERF and also markedly alters beta2-adrenergic receptor regulation of NHE3 in cells without altering receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase.	Alanine	79-86	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	37-62
9560162-6	1998	Mutation of the final residue of the beta2-adrenergic receptor from leucine to alanine abolishes the receptor"s interaction with NHERF and also markedly alters beta2-adrenergic receptor regulation of NHE3 in cells without altering receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase.	Alanine	79-86	solute carrier family 9 member A3	Homo sapiens	200-204
9588945-1	1998	Kinetic measurements of denaturation and renaturation of two mutants of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) at position 128, namely Ser --&gt; Ala and Ser --&gt; Pro, were performed in order to assess changes introduced by the mutation in the quaternary structure and protein stability.	Alanine	135-138	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	72-93
9588945-1	1998	Kinetic measurements of denaturation and renaturation of two mutants of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) at position 128, namely Ser --&gt; Ala and Ser --&gt; Pro, were performed in order to assess changes introduced by the mutation in the quaternary structure and protein stability.	Alanine	135-138	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	95-98
9502416-8	1998	Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the protein revealed a Gly-Pro-Ala-Lys-Ser-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Val-Leu-Gln-His-Ser-Arg sequence indistinguishable from an amino-terminal protein sequence deduced from a cDNA clone designated beta ig-h3, and it as well as the abnormal accumulations in GCD cross-reacted with beta ig-h3 antiserum.	Alanine	67-70	transforming growth factor beta induced	Homo sapiens	223-233
9502416-8	1998	Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the protein revealed a Gly-Pro-Ala-Lys-Ser-Pro-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Val-Leu-Gln-His-Ser-Arg sequence indistinguishable from an amino-terminal protein sequence deduced from a cDNA clone designated beta ig-h3, and it as well as the abnormal accumulations in GCD cross-reacted with beta ig-h3 antiserum.	Alanine	67-70	transforming growth factor beta induced	Homo sapiens	306-316
9525277-8	1998	With the syn-diol epoxides, such a correlation was observed with alanine, valine and isoleucine, whereas tryptophan was associated with increased kcat/Km values.	Alanine	65-72	synemin	Homo sapiens	9-12
9463474-6	1998	Mutation from Leu912 of IIC2 protein to tyrosine or alanine severely reduces Gsalpha activation and completely prevents forskolin activation.	Alanine	52-59	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	77-84
9420225-3	1998	Here, we use site-directed, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of CCR5 to show that substitutions of the negatively charged aspartic acid residues at positions 2 and 11 (D2A and D11A) and a glutamic acid residue at position 18 (E18A), individually or in combination, impair or abolish CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry for the ADA and JR-FL M-tropic strains and the DH123 dual-tropic strain.	Alanine	28-35	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	60-64
9420267-6	1998	Substitution of alanine at ultraconserved residues abolished NS3 protease activity.	Alanine	16-23	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	61-64
9585128-3	1998	Alanine-substituted beta2AR mutants showed that tyrosine at position 308 in TMD7 played an important role in binding of beta2 selective agonists with high affinity.	Alanine	0-7	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	20-27
9372967-3	1997	Although threonine 156 in mouse cyclin D1 is predicted to lie at the carboxyl terminus of the linker peptide that separates the two cyclin folds and is buried within the cyclin subunit, mutation of this residue to alanine has profound effects on the behavior of the derived cyclin D1-CDK4 complexes.	Alanine	214-221	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	32-41
9372967-3	1997	Although threonine 156 in mouse cyclin D1 is predicted to lie at the carboxyl terminus of the linker peptide that separates the two cyclin folds and is buried within the cyclin subunit, mutation of this residue to alanine has profound effects on the behavior of the derived cyclin D1-CDK4 complexes.	Alanine	214-221	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	32-38
9343420-6	1997	The replacement of three arginine residues by alanines in the M-Twist basic domain was sufficient to abolish both the binding and inhibition of MyoD by M-Twist, while the domain retained other M-Twist functions such as heterodimerization with an E protein and inhibition of MEF2 transactivation.	Alanine	46-54	twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	62-69
9346902-7	1997	Highest affinity binding of AUF1 to an ARE requires an alanine-rich region of the N terminus and a short glutamine-rich region in the C terminus.	Alanine	55-62	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D	Homo sapiens	28-32
9352354-2	1997	Two polymorphisms occur in this pocket in the human class II MHC beta chain at position 85 and 86. beta 85 is usually Val, occasionally Ala, whereas beta 86 can be Gly or Val.	Alanine	136-139	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	61-64
9329371-3	1997	We found that a common genomic variation in codon 148 (alanine or glycine) of the paraoxonase-2 gene (PON2) demonstrated a significant association with a variation in fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.0001).	Alanine	55-62	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	82-95
9329371-3	1997	We found that a common genomic variation in codon 148 (alanine or glycine) of the paraoxonase-2 gene (PON2) demonstrated a significant association with a variation in fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.0001).	Alanine	55-62	paraoxonase 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
9315662-4	1997	The sequence of CA150 contains an extensive glutamine- and alanine-rich repeat that is found in transcriptional modulators such as GAL11 and SSN6 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zeste in Drosophila melanogaster.	Alanine	59-66	Gal11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-136
9298990-7	1997	Consistent with this model, mutation of arginine 118 (R118) in MAG to either alanine or aspartate abolishes its sialic acid-dependent binding.	Alanine	77-84	myelin associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	63-66
9342205-2	1997	Since a common variant of the MTHFR gene, T677(Ala), responsible for the thermolabile MTHFR with less than 50% specific MTHFR activity, has been reported, we examined whether the T677 allele is associated with psychiatric disorders in an unrelated Japanese population consisting of 297 schizophrenics, 32 patients with major depression, 40 patients with bipolar disorder, and 419 controls.	Alanine	47-50	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	30-35
9342205-2	1997	Since a common variant of the MTHFR gene, T677(Ala), responsible for the thermolabile MTHFR with less than 50% specific MTHFR activity, has been reported, we examined whether the T677 allele is associated with psychiatric disorders in an unrelated Japanese population consisting of 297 schizophrenics, 32 patients with major depression, 40 patients with bipolar disorder, and 419 controls.	Alanine	47-50	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	86-91
9342205-2	1997	Since a common variant of the MTHFR gene, T677(Ala), responsible for the thermolabile MTHFR with less than 50% specific MTHFR activity, has been reported, we examined whether the T677 allele is associated with psychiatric disorders in an unrelated Japanese population consisting of 297 schizophrenics, 32 patients with major depression, 40 patients with bipolar disorder, and 419 controls.	Alanine	47-50	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	86-91
9309585-7	1997	Their antiproliferative activities were independent of latent TGF beta activation, because substitution of an Ala residue for the essential Phe residue in the TSP1 type-1 repeat peptide increased their potency for inhibiting TSP1 binding to heparin and for inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation.	Alanine	110-113	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	159-163
9309585-7	1997	Their antiproliferative activities were independent of latent TGF beta activation, because substitution of an Ala residue for the essential Phe residue in the TSP1 type-1 repeat peptide increased their potency for inhibiting TSP1 binding to heparin and for inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation.	Alanine	110-113	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	225-229
9293375-3	1997	The amino acid residue of the N-terminal in the Suzuki-BJP and lambda chain of the Miki-IgG was determined to be tyrosine by primary structure analysis, on the other hand, alanine was detected in the gamma chain of the Miki-IgG that did not have LD binding ability.	Alanine	172-179	HEPACAM family member 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
9293375-3	1997	The amino acid residue of the N-terminal in the Suzuki-BJP and lambda chain of the Miki-IgG was determined to be tyrosine by primary structure analysis, on the other hand, alanine was detected in the gamma chain of the Miki-IgG that did not have LD binding ability.	Alanine	172-179	HEPACAM family member 2	Homo sapiens	219-223
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	30-33
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	55-58
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	103-109
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	55-58
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	cyclin-dependent kinase 2	Mus musculus	235-239
9192873-5	1997	Moreover, mutation of T187 in p27 to alanine creates a p27 protein that causes a G1 block resistant to cyclin E and whose level of expression is not modulated by cyclin E. A kinetic analysis of the interaction between p27 and cyclin E-CDK2 explains how p27 can be regulated by the same enzyme it targets for inhibition.	Alanine	37-44	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	55-58
9162092-12	1997	Replacement of Ser189 or Thr193 in MKK3 with Ala abolished autophosphorylation and activation of MKK3 by MEKK3.	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
9162092-12	1997	Replacement of Ser189 or Thr193 in MKK3 with Ala abolished autophosphorylation and activation of MKK3 by MEKK3.	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
9162092-12	1997	Replacement of Ser189 or Thr193 in MKK3 with Ala abolished autophosphorylation and activation of MKK3 by MEKK3.	Alanine	45-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
9148914-5	1997	A detailed kinetic analysis of AAP5 using lysine, alanine, glutamate, and histidine revealed H+-dependent differences in the apparent affinity constants for each substrate.	Alanine	50-57	amino acid permease 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
9151894-7	1997	Through alanine scanning substitution we identified three segments within this region that are critical for the ability to inhibit TAP function.	Alanine	8-15	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
9092525-11	1997	In addition, Ala was identified as the predominant N-terminal residue in fragments released by LasA from insoluble elastin.	Alanine	13-16	elastin	Homo sapiens	115-122
9092525-13	1997	The present results suggest that LasA is a zinc metalloendopeptidase selective for Gly-Ala peptide bonds within Gly-Gly-Ala sequences in elastin.	Alanine	87-90	elastin	Homo sapiens	137-144
9092525-13	1997	The present results suggest that LasA is a zinc metalloendopeptidase selective for Gly-Ala peptide bonds within Gly-Gly-Ala sequences in elastin.	Alanine	120-123	elastin	Homo sapiens	137-144
9083085-5	1997	In contrast to a previous hypothesis, selected basic amino acid residues in the hairpin loop are not critical for heparin binding, although alanine substitution at a subset of these sites markedly reduced the biological activity of the HGF/SF isoform, HGF/NK1.	Alanine	140-147	hepatocyte growth factor	Cricetulus griseus	236-242
9083085-5	1997	In contrast to a previous hypothesis, selected basic amino acid residues in the hairpin loop are not critical for heparin binding, although alanine substitution at a subset of these sites markedly reduced the biological activity of the HGF/SF isoform, HGF/NK1.	Alanine	140-147	hepatocyte growth factor	Cricetulus griseus	236-239
9077542-8	1997	In contrast, expression of CREB alone, PKA or CAMK-II alone, CREB-Ala 133 (which lacks the Ser133 phosphoacceptor) with PKA or CAMK-II, or CREB with inactive PKA or CAMK-II mutants did not affect stellate cell proliferation, suggesting that CREB-PSer133 is necessary for blocking the stellate cell cycle.	Alanine	66-69	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
9077542-8	1997	In contrast, expression of CREB alone, PKA or CAMK-II alone, CREB-Ala 133 (which lacks the Ser133 phosphoacceptor) with PKA or CAMK-II, or CREB with inactive PKA or CAMK-II mutants did not affect stellate cell proliferation, suggesting that CREB-PSer133 is necessary for blocking the stellate cell cycle.	Alanine	66-69	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
9077542-8	1997	In contrast, expression of CREB alone, PKA or CAMK-II alone, CREB-Ala 133 (which lacks the Ser133 phosphoacceptor) with PKA or CAMK-II, or CREB with inactive PKA or CAMK-II mutants did not affect stellate cell proliferation, suggesting that CREB-PSer133 is necessary for blocking the stellate cell cycle.	Alanine	66-69	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
9063444-6	1997	Correspondingly, the transcriptional response of the SRE to redox fluctuations is attenuated upon mutation of critical ERK2 target residues within the Elk-1 transactivation domain to alanine.	Alanine	183-190	ETS transcription factor ELK1	Homo sapiens	151-156
9033406-5	1997	The amino acid residue modified by ALA was identified by MALDI-MS and Edman sequencing as Lys-293, analogous to the active site Lys-247 of E. coli ALAD and Lys-252 of mammalian ALAD.	Alanine	35-38	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	147-151
9033406-5	1997	The amino acid residue modified by ALA was identified by MALDI-MS and Edman sequencing as Lys-293, analogous to the active site Lys-247 of E. coli ALAD and Lys-252 of mammalian ALAD.	Alanine	35-38	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	177-181
9043077-5	1997	Mutations in an alanine repeat region in the N-terminus of Hoxd-13 have recently been implicated in human synpolydactyly (Muragaki, Y., Mundlos, S., Upton, J. and Olsen, B. R. (1996) Science 272, 548-551).	Alanine	16-23	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	59-66
9012813-5	1997	However, when all of the Ser phosphorylation sites in the CRS are mutated to Ala to abolish phosphorylation, the mutant cyclin B1Ala is inactivated; activity can be enhanced by mutation of these residues to Glu to mimic phosphoserine, suggesting that phosphorylation of cyclin B1 is required for its biological activity.	Alanine	77-80	cyclin B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	120-129
8977249-4	1996	From patient ITP-1 (known to have two distinct autoantibodies), we identified anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-specific phage encoding the peptide sequences Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala-Lys-Trp (REKAKW) and Pro-Val-Val-Trp-Lys-Asn (PVVWKN).	Alanine	161-164	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	83-88
8910486-6	1996	Therefore we mutated the conserved cysteine residues of Nsp1 to alanine.	Alanine	64-71	SH2 domain containing 3A	Homo sapiens	56-60
8703082-5	1996	The mammalian Scip gene had alanine, glycine, proline, and histidine repeats, but the nonmammalian homologue completely lacked these repeats.	Alanine	28-35	POU class 3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
8754836-9	1996	Analysis of Ser-to-Ala mutations at the three potential Gsy2p phosphorylation sites in pho85 cells implicated Ser-654 and/or Thr-667 in PHO85 control of glycogen synthase.	Alanine	19-22	cyclin-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase PHO85	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-92
8670860-4	1996	In fact, replacement of D142 with alanine confers high constitutive activity to the alpha 1B-AR.	Alanine	34-41	adrenoceptor alpha 1B	Homo sapiens	84-95
8670860-6	1996	Disruption of these intramolecular interactions by replacing N63 with alanine constitutively activates the alpha 1B-AR.	Alanine	70-77	adrenoceptor alpha 1B	Homo sapiens	107-118
8725217-3	1996	We developed a selection system for isolating suppressors of this lethal phenotype and cloned a gene, SCA1 (suppressor of CTD alanine), which complements recessive suppressors of lethal multiple-substitution mutations.	Alanine	126-133	Ssn2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	102-106
8725217-4	1996	A partial deletion of SCA1 (sca1 delta ::hisG) suppresses alanine or glutamate substitutions at position two of the consensus CTD sequence, and a lethal CTD truncation mutation, but SCA1 deletion does not suppress alanine or glutamate substitutions at position five.	Alanine	58-65	Ssn2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
8725217-4	1996	A partial deletion of SCA1 (sca1 delta ::hisG) suppresses alanine or glutamate substitutions at position two of the consensus CTD sequence, and a lethal CTD truncation mutation, but SCA1 deletion does not suppress alanine or glutamate substitutions at position five.	Alanine	58-65	Ssn2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
8689499-5	1996	ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) curve analyses indicated that the diagnostic values for lead exposure decreased in the order ALA-D ratio &gt; ALA-D activity = ALA-P &gt; ALA-U = ZP.	Alanine	133-136	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	150-155
8626492-6	1996	Similar differences in transport kinetics are observed when comparing the transport activity of GLUT2 mutants stably expressed in insulinoma cell lines and containing glutamates or alanines at the phosphorylation sites.	Alanine	181-189	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Homo sapiens	96-101
8613708-2	1996	Previously, we showed that BA/F3 cell transfectants expressing a cytoplasmic deletion mutant of the hIL-4R that lacks the region between Thr(462) and Ala(580), referred to as delta R3, fails to proliferate in the presence of hIL-4.	Alanine	150-153	interleukin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	100-106
8631817-15	1996	Mutation of Ser-11 by replacement with Ala blocks phosphorylation of dUTPase in vivo.	Alanine	39-42	Deoxyuridine triphosphatase	Drosophila melanogaster	69-76
8621424-6	1996	Simultaneous mutation of these two residues into Ala completely abolished NT-3 binding and signaling through TrkA and greatly diminished binding and activation of TrkB.	Alanine	49-52	neurotrophin 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
8577725-1	1996	We have used alanine scanning to analyze protein-protein interactions by human TATA-element binding protein (TBP) within the transcription preinitiation complex.	Alanine	13-20	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	79-107
8577725-1	1996	We have used alanine scanning to analyze protein-protein interactions by human TATA-element binding protein (TBP) within the transcription preinitiation complex.	Alanine	13-20	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	109-112
8523543-4	1996	In contrast, altered ATRC1 receptors bearing alanine, threonine, serine, or proline at position 235 exhibited a 300- to 10,000-fold decrease in receptor capability.	Alanine	45-52	solute carrier family 7 member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
8530412-8	1995	AtT-20 cells expressing PAM-1 lacking one of the PKC sites (PAM-1/Ser937--&gt;Ala) exhibited an altered pattern of PAM.PAM antibody internalization, with the mutant protein targeted to lysosomes upon internalization.	Alanine	78-81	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	24-29
8530412-8	1995	AtT-20 cells expressing PAM-1 lacking one of the PKC sites (PAM-1/Ser937--&gt;Ala) exhibited an altered pattern of PAM.PAM antibody internalization, with the mutant protein targeted to lysosomes upon internalization.	Alanine	78-81	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	24-27
8869638-3	1995	In all, 11 important amino acid positions have been identified in the CamR DBD by the systematic substitution of residues by Ala.	Alanine	125-128	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	70-74
7479838-3	1995	We show that alanine substitution mutations in a single loop of TBP can disrupt its association in vitro with the activation domains of the herpes simplex virus activator VP16 and of the human tumor suppressor protein p53; these mutations do not, however, disrupt the transcriptional response of TBP to either activation domain in vivo.	Alanine	13-20	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	64-67
7479838-3	1995	We show that alanine substitution mutations in a single loop of TBP can disrupt its association in vitro with the activation domains of the herpes simplex virus activator VP16 and of the human tumor suppressor protein p53; these mutations do not, however, disrupt the transcriptional response of TBP to either activation domain in vivo.	Alanine	13-20	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	171-175
7479838-3	1995	We show that alanine substitution mutations in a single loop of TBP can disrupt its association in vitro with the activation domains of the herpes simplex virus activator VP16 and of the human tumor suppressor protein p53; these mutations do not, however, disrupt the transcriptional response of TBP to either activation domain in vivo.	Alanine	13-20	TATA-box binding protein	Homo sapiens	296-299
7576655-3	1995	Replacement of all four P-region glutamates with glutamine or alanine abolished micromolar Ca2+ block of monovalent current without revealing any additional independent high-affinity Ca2+ binding site.	Alanine	62-69	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	91-94
7576655-5	1995	Systematic alterations of side-chain length, charge, and polarity by glutamate replacement with aspartate, glutamine, or alanine weakened the Ca2+ interaction, with considerable asymmetry from one repeat to another.	Alanine	121-128	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	142-145
7559596-3	1995	Mutation of tyrosine residue 326 to an alanine resulted in a beta 2AR mutant (beta 2AR-Y326A) that was defective in its ability to sequester and was less well coupled to adenylyl cyclase than the wild-type beta 2AR.	Alanine	39-46	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	61-69
7559596-3	1995	Mutation of tyrosine residue 326 to an alanine resulted in a beta 2AR mutant (beta 2AR-Y326A) that was defective in its ability to sequester and was less well coupled to adenylyl cyclase than the wild-type beta 2AR.	Alanine	39-46	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	78-86
7559596-3	1995	Mutation of tyrosine residue 326 to an alanine resulted in a beta 2AR mutant (beta 2AR-Y326A) that was defective in its ability to sequester and was less well coupled to adenylyl cyclase than the wild-type beta 2AR.	Alanine	39-46	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	78-86
7559478-19	1995	Conversely, substitution of Leu-961 (+1) with either Ala or Arg reduced SHC interaction by 70 and 90%, respectively, yet had no effect upon interaction with IRS-1.	Alanine	53-56	SHC adaptor protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
7650377-6	1995	The interaction of lambda R with DQ8 was highly dependent on specific sequence polymorphisms at residue 57; an Ala--&gt;Asp substitution on the DQ beta-chain at the polymorphic codon 57 prevented peptide binding.	Alanine	111-114	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	144-151
7651402-5	1995	Changing the lysine residue to arginine or alanine resulted in a mutant phenotype in DNA repair and sporulation for Rad55 but not for Rad57.	Alanine	43-50	putative DNA-dependent ATPase RAD55	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	116-121
7651402-5	1995	Changing the lysine residue to arginine or alanine resulted in a mutant phenotype in DNA repair and sporulation for Rad55 but not for Rad57.	Alanine	43-50	putative DNA-dependent ATPase RAD57	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	134-139
7540212-0	1995	Contribution of individual side-chains to the stability of BPTI examined by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	76-83	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	59-63
7540212-3	1995	A derivative of BPTI containing only the 5-55 disulfide bond, termed [5-55]Ala, has been shown previously to fold into a structure very similar to that of native BPTI and to be a functional trypsin inhibitor.	Alanine	75-78	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	16-20
7540212-3	1995	A derivative of BPTI containing only the 5-55 disulfide bond, termed [5-55]Ala, has been shown previously to fold into a structure very similar to that of native BPTI and to be a functional trypsin inhibitor.	Alanine	75-78	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	162-166
7540212-5	1995	Using an alanine-scanning mutagenesis approach, we have examined the contribution to stability of each side-chain in the [5-55]Ala derivative of BPTI.	Alanine	9-16	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	145-149
7540212-5	1995	Using an alanine-scanning mutagenesis approach, we have examined the contribution to stability of each side-chain in the [5-55]Ala derivative of BPTI.	Alanine	127-130	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	145-149
7540212-9	1995	Nonetheless, approximately 60% (28/46) of the alanine mutants were destabilized by less than 10 degrees C, suggesting that a form of BPTI with up to half of its residues being alanine could fold into a stable structure resembling the native one.	Alanine	46-53	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	133-137
7540212-9	1995	Nonetheless, approximately 60% (28/46) of the alanine mutants were destabilized by less than 10 degrees C, suggesting that a form of BPTI with up to half of its residues being alanine could fold into a stable structure resembling the native one.	Alanine	176-183	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	133-137
7645375-6	1995	Only these alleles have alanine at residue 13 and tyrosine at residue 26 in the hypervariable region in the Beta 1 domain of DQB1 gene.	Alanine	24-31	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
7742303-4	1995	Using microhelix substrates containing only the first four base pairs of the alanine tRNA acceptor helix, we demonstrated that the catalytic center of AlaRS with the three class-defining sequence motifs contains determinants for recognition of A73 and G2.C71.	Alanine	77-84	alanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
7762668-5	1995	Cytotoxicity was also reduced by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity with azide or scavenging HOCl with alanine or methionine.	Alanine	104-111	myeloperoxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	44-59
7633183-4	1995	In this work, 22 different known TTR mutations were discriminated and studies on 210 samples from patients with peripheral neuropathies detected one polymorphic mutation (TTR Ser 6), TTR Asn 90, found previously in the normal Portuguese and German populations, and three other mutations, one of them TTR Ala 60.	Alanine	304-307	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	33-36
7633183-4	1995	In this work, 22 different known TTR mutations were discriminated and studies on 210 samples from patients with peripheral neuropathies detected one polymorphic mutation (TTR Ser 6), TTR Asn 90, found previously in the normal Portuguese and German populations, and three other mutations, one of them TTR Ala 60.	Alanine	304-307	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	171-174
7633183-4	1995	In this work, 22 different known TTR mutations were discriminated and studies on 210 samples from patients with peripheral neuropathies detected one polymorphic mutation (TTR Ser 6), TTR Asn 90, found previously in the normal Portuguese and German populations, and three other mutations, one of them TTR Ala 60.	Alanine	304-307	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	171-174
7633183-4	1995	In this work, 22 different known TTR mutations were discriminated and studies on 210 samples from patients with peripheral neuropathies detected one polymorphic mutation (TTR Ser 6), TTR Asn 90, found previously in the normal Portuguese and German populations, and three other mutations, one of them TTR Ala 60.	Alanine	304-307	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	171-174
7896799-2	1995	Replacement of Asp-78 of both subunits with Glu, Ala, or Asn reduced dGK and dAK activities to less than 0.2%, whereas replacement of Arg-79 with Lys, either on both subunits in tandem (R79K), or on the dGK subunit only (R79K:dGK), yielded active but kinetically modified enzymes.	Alanine	49-52	Diacyl glycerol kinase	Drosophila melanogaster	69-72
7698331-10	1995	Mutagenesis of Asp126 of the human ETA receptor to alanine resulted in an unaltered affinity for ET-1, a 160-fold increase in ET-3 affinity and a decrease in affinity for the ETA selective naphthalenesulfonamide, BMS-182874.	Alanine	51-58	endothelin 3	Homo sapiens	126-130
7862115-0	1995	Novel CDC34 (UBC3) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants obtained by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	78-85	SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	6-11
7862115-0	1995	Novel CDC34 (UBC3) ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme mutants obtained by charge-to-alanine scanning mutagenesis.	Alanine	78-85	SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-17
7862115-4	1995	We have explored the utility of "charge-to-alanine" scanning mutagenesis to identify novel N-terminal domain mutants of CDC34 that are enzymatically competent with respect to unfacilitated (E3-independent) ubiquitination but that nevertheless are defective with respect to its cell cycle function.	Alanine	43-50	SCF E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic subunit CDC34	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	120-125
7852428-10	1995	A role for Pro115 in the middle of the membrane-binding domain of cytochrome b5 was also examined by mutating it to an alanine and subsequently characterizing the ability of the mutant protein to be incorporated into membranes.	Alanine	119-126	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	66-79
7818517-1	1995	Six mutants of protein kinase CK2 alpha subunit in which basic residues have been mutated into alanines were assayed for their capability to phosphorylate the peptide RRRADDSDDDDD.	Alanine	95-103	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-39
7696549-2	1995	Boc-Ala-Dpg-Ala-OMe (I) and Boc-Ala-Dbg-Ala-OMe (II) adopt distorted type II beta-turn conformations with Ala (1) and Dpg/Dbg (2) as the corner residues.	Alanine	4-7	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	0-3
7696549-2	1995	Boc-Ala-Dpg-Ala-OMe (I) and Boc-Ala-Dbg-Ala-OMe (II) adopt distorted type II beta-turn conformations with Ala (1) and Dpg/Dbg (2) as the corner residues.	Alanine	4-7	BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated	Homo sapiens	28-31
7805853-2	1994	Each PKC had been rendered constitutively active by a single Ala--&gt;Glu mutation or a small deletion in the inhibitory pseudosubstrate site.	Alanine	61-64	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
8001233-3	1994	We developed a polymerase chain reaction-based assay which demonstrated the existence of three GPX1 alleles characterized by the number of alanines in a polyalanine coding sequence in exon 1.	Alanine	139-147	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
7962778-1	1994	BACKGROUND: Psoriasis vulgaris was reported to be associated with a specific alanine residue at position 73 of HLA-C alleles in Japanese patients.	Alanine	77-84	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	111-116
7962778-4	1994	RESULTS: All patients possessed in their HLA-C antigens an alanine residue at position 73 (p &lt; 0.002).	Alanine	59-66	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	41-46
7947988-3	1994	To attempt to clarify the binding site of ferrous ion, we converted four highly conserved histidine residues in human ferrochelatase to alanine, using site-directed mutagenesis.	Alanine	136-143	ferrochelatase	Homo sapiens	118-132
7947684-10	1994	In contrast, mutation of three nonconserved flanking His residues or a partially conserved Arg residue within the conserved motif to Ala allowed for complementation of the ole1 phenotype.	Alanine	133-136	stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	172-176
7957206-2	1994	To characterize the side-chain groups required for interaction of glucagon-like peptide-1 with its receptor, we performed binding studies with alanine-substituted glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues on RINm5F insulinoma cells.	Alanine	143-150	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	66-89
7957206-2	1994	To characterize the side-chain groups required for interaction of glucagon-like peptide-1 with its receptor, we performed binding studies with alanine-substituted glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues on RINm5F insulinoma cells.	Alanine	143-150	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	163-186
7957206-3	1994	The binding affinity and biological activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 have been found to be sensitive to alanine exchanges in the N-terminal positions 1, 4, 6 and the C-terminal positions 22 and 23.	Alanine	107-114	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	48-71
7531529-3	1994	This recombinant analog, named [30-51]Ala, contains a disulfide bond between Cys-30 and Cys-51, but contains alanine in place of the other cysteines in BPTI to prevent the formation of other intermediates.	Alanine	38-41	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	152-156
7531529-3	1994	This recombinant analog, named [30-51]Ala, contains a disulfide bond between Cys-30 and Cys-51, but contains alanine in place of the other cysteines in BPTI to prevent the formation of other intermediates.	Alanine	109-116	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	152-156
7531529-8	1994	The partially folded structure of [30-51]Ala explains many of the properties of authentic [30-51] in the folding pathway of BPTI.	Alanine	41-44	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	124-128
7531529-9	1994	Moreover, direct structural characterization of [30-51]Ala has revealed that a crucial step in the folding pathway of BPTI coincides with the formation of a native-like subdomain, supporting models for protein folding that emphasize the formation of cooperatively folded subdomains.	Alanine	55-58	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	118-122
8083230-4	1994	Although chemical inactivation of cPLA2 by the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide made it appear that cysteine(s) may be essential for catalysis, all 9 cysteine residues of cPLA2 proved dispensable, allowing near-normal enzyme activity when substituted by alanine.	Alanine	257-264	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	34-39
8083230-9	1994	In contrast, substitution by alanine of three different serines of cPLA2 (Ser-195, Ser-215, or Ser-577) that also aligned with the PLB sequence allowed for substantial enzymatic activity of cPLA2.	Alanine	29-36	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	67-72
8083230-9	1994	In contrast, substitution by alanine of three different serines of cPLA2 (Ser-195, Ser-215, or Ser-577) that also aligned with the PLB sequence allowed for substantial enzymatic activity of cPLA2.	Alanine	29-36	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	190-195
7980782-3	1994	Mutation of proline to serine, to alanine, or to threonine in the well-conserved GPGR sequence in the V3 region of the envelope glycoprotein was found in all these variants.	Alanine	34-41	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	119-140
8063827-4	1994	As expected for a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, substitution of alanine or serine for the conserved active-site cysteine residue abolished PAS4 function.	Alanine	64-71	ubiquitin-protein ligase peroxin 10	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	139-143
7917991-2	1994	This sequence codes for alanine at position 73 of the HLA-C molecule in the antigen binding cleft, and alanine may play a role in susceptibility to the disease.	Alanine	103-110	major histocompatibility complex, class I, C	Homo sapiens	54-59
8021603-5	1994	When the nucleotide sequence of the HSV-145 TK gene was compared to that of the HSV-1 strains C1(101) and SC16 a single nucleotide substitution (G changed to A at base position 502) was detected which would result in the substitution of threonine at amino acid position 168 for alanine.	Alanine	278-285	involved in nucleotide metabolism	Human alphaherpesvirus 1	44-46
8016155-8	1994	Deletion of the proline-rich region or changing the four prolines to alanines also resulted in a GH receptor deficient in signaling.	Alanine	69-77	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	97-108
8002978-5	1994	The murine Fic cDNA, which encodes a Marc-mutant protein with an arginine substitution for alanine, was not identified in the other sequenced homologous isolates.	Alanine	91-98	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7	Mus musculus	11-14
8002978-5	1994	The murine Fic cDNA, which encodes a Marc-mutant protein with an arginine substitution for alanine, was not identified in the other sequenced homologous isolates.	Alanine	91-98	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7	Mus musculus	37-41
8178481-2	1994	The threonine residue is a site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C. Jurkat T cells constitutively expressing the alanine variant of Nef exhibit the ability to downregulate the induction of transcription factors NF-kB and AP-1.	Alanine	118-125	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	226-230
8120019-1	1994	Alanine mutagenesis scanning of the intracellular portion of the human muscarinic cholinergic Hm1 receptor was performed to identify domains mediating agonist induced receptor sequestration.	Alanine	0-7	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
8120019-2	1994	Using these multiple alanine point mutants of Hm1, we had previously identified several receptor domains in the intracellular loops i1-3 that play a role in coupling to phosphatidyl inositol turnover, most notably, a lipophilic residue, Leu-131, in the conserved i2 loop domain DRYXXVXXPL (Moro, O., Lameh, J., Hogger, P., and Sadee, W. (1993) J. Biol.	Alanine	21-28	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
8120019-10	1994	In the beta 2 adrenoceptor, alanine substitution of the i2 residue Phe-139, equivalent to Leu-131 in Hm1, also resulted in impaired coupling to adenylyl cyclase and sequestration, indicating a general role for this conserved i2 loop residue in both processes.	Alanine	28-35	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	7-26
8120019-10	1994	In the beta 2 adrenoceptor, alanine substitution of the i2 residue Phe-139, equivalent to Leu-131 in Hm1, also resulted in impaired coupling to adenylyl cyclase and sequestration, indicating a general role for this conserved i2 loop residue in both processes.	Alanine	28-35	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
8113684-7	1994	Competition experiments using single Ala-substituted peptides indicated that amino acid residues Asp in position 3 and Tyr in position 9 were essential for binding of the MAGE-1 peptide to HLA-A1.	Alanine	37-40	MAGE family member A1	Homo sapiens	171-177
8117301-4	1994	Four out of five samples tested are heterozygous for TPO alleles in exon 15, showing both C and T at nucleotide 2612 (GTG coding for Val, GCG for Ala).	Alanine	146-149	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	53-56
7951260-0	1994	A new mutation (TTR Ala-47) in the transthyretin gene associated with hereditary amyloidosis.	Alanine	20-23	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	16-19
7951260-0	1994	A new mutation (TTR Ala-47) in the transthyretin gene associated with hereditary amyloidosis.	Alanine	20-23	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	35-48
7902352-12	1993	The major isotopomers in lactate, alanine, and PEP were m3 and m2 with 13C in C-2 and C-3.	Alanine	34-41	complement C3	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8245475-12	1993	Binding of MGSA was completely prevented by replacement of the ELR sequence with alanines.	Alanine	81-89	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
8234344-4	1993	The primary structure of the SCIP amino-terminal domain is novel but contains a polymorphic string of alanine residues similar to those found in several other transcription factors.	Alanine	102-109	POU class 3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
7690587-2	1993	Single amino acid variants of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) have been made with glycine or alanine replacement of residues Tyr 35, Gly 37, Asn 43, and Asn 44.	Alanine	104-111	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	30-65
7690587-2	1993	Single amino acid variants of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) have been made with glycine or alanine replacement of residues Tyr 35, Gly 37, Asn 43, and Asn 44.	Alanine	104-111	spleen trypsin inhibitor I	Bos taurus	67-71
8354394-2	1993	Other Na(+)-dependent transporters, like system ASC (MeAIB-insensitive Na(+)-dependent L-alanine transport) and the nucleoside carrier show similar inductions.	Alanine	87-96	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8321238-3	1993	Partial activation during growth on glucose occurred in cells carrying a constitutive allele of ADR1 in which the phosphorylatable serine of a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site had been changed to alanine.	Alanine	227-234	DNA-binding transcription factor ADR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	96-100
8330973-0	1993	Hb Volga [beta 27(B9)Ala-->Asp]: detection of a de novo mutation by Ava II digestion of PCR-amplified DNA.	Alanine	21-24	B9 domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	3-20
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	35-38	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-15
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	35-38	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	35-38	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-15
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-15
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8316251-4	1993	A mutant IGF-IR with a 943Tyr--&gt;Ala substitution in the IGF-IR submembrane domain only partially suppressed GH (73% of IGF-IR wild type), while replacement of 957Tyr--&gt;Ala or 940Gly--&gt;Ala produced IGF-IRs that retained enhanced IGF-I signaling to GH.	Alanine	174-177	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	59-65
8429024-5	1993	Gz alpha variants containing selected substitutions of alanine for serine residues were expressed in human kidney 293 cells, and the ability of each to be phosphorylated in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was examined.	Alanine	55-62	G protein subunit alpha z	Homo sapiens	0-8
8472268-8	1993	Elastin from dissected aortas had a higher content of aspartate, threonine, serine, glutamate, and lysine and a lower content of glycine, alanine, and valine than elastin from controls (p &lt; 0.05).	Alanine	138-145	elastin	Homo sapiens	0-7
8425544-6	1993	Electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of the purified protein demonstrated that the recombinant product corresponds to the native human lipocortin 1, without the initial methionine and with a free N-terminal alanine; tryptic peptide mapping by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry showed that the recombinant protein contains cysteine residues at positions 263 and 324 with free thiol groups, whereas Cys270 and Cys343 are probably involved in an intrachain disulfide bridge.	Alanine	211-218	annexin A1	Homo sapiens	139-151
8424649-7	1993	Minor differences between E. coli PBGS and its mammalian counterpart include Km (ALA) = 1.9 mM, a pH optimum of 7.5-8, and its molar absorbtion coefficient expressed as A(0.1%)280 is 0.588.	Alanine	81-84	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	34-38
1385812-3	1992	In the present study, alanine substitution mutagenesis was undertaken to define more precisely specific amino-terminal residues in murine GM-CSF that are involved in bioactivity and receptor binding.	Alanine	22-29	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	138-144
1618766-4	1992	On the basis of these results, replacement of Leu29(B10) by Ala or Ile appears to allow bound CO to rotate from a conformation pointing toward the beta meso carbon of the heme group to the one pointing toward the alpha meso carbon atom, presumably filling the space left by removal of the delta 2 carbon atom of Leu29(B10).	Alanine	60-63	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3	Homo sapiens	46-55
1618766-4	1992	On the basis of these results, replacement of Leu29(B10) by Ala or Ile appears to allow bound CO to rotate from a conformation pointing toward the beta meso carbon of the heme group to the one pointing toward the alpha meso carbon atom, presumably filling the space left by removal of the delta 2 carbon atom of Leu29(B10).	Alanine	60-63	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3	Homo sapiens	52-55
1594443-6	1992	The transactivation domain of the Oct-6 protein is different from other described activation domains in that it is highly glycine and alanine rich.	Alanine	134-141	POU class 3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
1558976-0	1992	An alanine-to-threonine substitution in protein 4.2 cDNA is associated with a Japanese form of hereditary hemolytic anemia (protein 4.2NIPPON).	Alanine	3-10	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	40-51
1558976-5	1992	The complete cDNA sequence of a P4.2-deficient patient showed a single point mutation that changes codon 142 from GCT (alanine) to ACT (threonine) (Protein 4.2NIPPON).	Alanine	119-126	erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2	Homo sapiens	32-36
1544214-4	1992	This mutation results in a previously undescribed substitution of an alanine for valine in the final TTR protein.	Alanine	69-76	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	101-104
1544214-6	1992	Alanine at position 30 represents the second FAP-associated mutation at position 30 in TTR.	Alanine	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	87-90
1576962-5	1992	The pum cDNA encodes a 157 x 10(3) M(r) protein which consists mainly of regions enriched in a single amino acid, usually glycine, alanine, glutamine or serine/threonine.	Alanine	131-138	pumilio	Drosophila melanogaster	4-7
1954227-9	1991	Furthermore, it has been found that aspartate aminotransferase from Sulfolobus solfataricus is fairly active when alanine is used as substrate and that this activity is not affected by the presence of formate.	Alanine	114-121	histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase family protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	36-62
1954227-10	1991	The KM value of the thermophilic aspartate aminotransferase towards alanine is at least one order of magnitude lower than that of the mesophilic analogue enzymes.	Alanine	68-75	histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase family protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	33-59
1883366-1	1991	Alanine and lactate, as major gluconeogenic substrates, must be converted into oxaloacetate by way of pyruvate carboxylase before their entry into gluconeogenesis.	Alanine	0-7	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	102-122
1883366-3	1991	In the present study, we examined pyruvate carboxylase activity in the perfused livers of tumor rats using 13C NMR spectroscopy with [3-13C]-alanine as the gluconeogenic substrate.	Alanine	141-148	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	34-54
1883366-5	1991	Since aspartate accumulation directly reflects fluxes of alanine through pyruvate carboxylase, the observed increase in hepatic production of [3-13C]-aspartate in tumor rats indicates that pyruvate carboxylase activity is significantly enhanced.	Alanine	57-64	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	73-93
1883366-5	1991	Since aspartate accumulation directly reflects fluxes of alanine through pyruvate carboxylase, the observed increase in hepatic production of [3-13C]-aspartate in tumor rats indicates that pyruvate carboxylase activity is significantly enhanced.	Alanine	57-64	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	189-209
1902232-5	1991	To investigate whether the phosphorylation of the c-raf protein in intact cells results from an autophosphorylation event or from the phosphorylation by other cellular kinase(s), we replaced lysine 375 in the putative ATP-binding domain of the c-raf protein with alanine using oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis and expressed the mutated protein in NIH3T3 cells.	Alanine	263-270	v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1	Mus musculus	50-55
1831654-10	1991	Site-specific mutations of the negatively-charged transmembrane amino acid of residues of the CD3 chains to alanines served to either abolish (for TCR alpha - CD3 delta and TCR beta - CD3 epsilon) or diminish (for TCR alpha -CD3 gamma) these TCR-CD3 interactions.	Alanine	108-116	CD3 gamma subunit of T-cell receptor complex	Homo sapiens	225-234
2025246-2	1991	Analysis of species specificity and of the epitope, determined using synthetic phosphopeptides, indicated that this antibody recognized the local phosphorylation-site sequence Thr-phosphoSer-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg (residues 7-12 of GFAP).	Alanine	191-194	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	225-229
2025246-4	1991	After incubation of a protein kinase with non-radioactive ATP in ninety-six wells coated with the synthetic peptide Arg-Arg-Arg-Val-Thr-Ser-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg-Ser-Cys (residues 3-13 of GFAP), the phosphorylated product was detected by using this mouse antibody and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG.	Alanine	144-147	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	182-186
1998949-6	1991	A single point mutation was identified at codon 59 (GCT(ala)----ACT(thr)) in one N-ras allele in an SK-N-SH subline.	Alanine	56-59	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	81-86
1999399-7	1991	Substitution of the histidine in position 435 with glutamine, arginine, alanine, serine, or aspartic acid abolished the ability of cholesterol esterase to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl butyrate and cholesterol [14C]oleate.	Alanine	72-79	carboxyl ester lipase	Rattus norvegicus	131-151
1705013-4	1991	The N-terminal part of Tst-1 protein is highly glycine- and alanine-rich, a structural feature shared by the helix-loop-helix protein TFEB.	Alanine	60-67	TST1	Homo sapiens	23-28
1824702-1	1991	We have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace histidine 163 of the recA polypeptide with an alanine residue.	Alanine	96-103	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	71-75
1824702-2	1991	The new [Ala-163]recA protein catalyzes single-stranded (ss) DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis with a turnover number that is similar to that of the wild-type recA protein.	Alanine	9-12	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	17-21
1824702-2	1991	The new [Ala-163]recA protein catalyzes single-stranded (ss) DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis with a turnover number that is similar to that of the wild-type recA protein.	Alanine	9-12	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	154-158
1824702-4	1991	The [Ala-163]recA protein does exhibit three-strand exchange activity at pH 6.0-7.0, however, and the induction of strand exchange activity at low pH correlates directly with the activation of an ATP-dependent isomerization of the mutant protein.	Alanine	5-8	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	13-17
1824702-5	1991	Thus, the [Ala-163]recA protein is functionally similar to our previously described mutant [Asn-160]recA protein (Bryant, F.R.	Alanine	11-14	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	19-23
1824702-11	1991	Trypsin proteolysis studies indicate that the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA proteins, like the wild-type recA protein, are organized into carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal domains of nearly equal size.	Alanine	47-50	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	55-59
1824702-11	1991	Trypsin proteolysis studies indicate that the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA proteins, like the wild-type recA protein, are organized into carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal domains of nearly equal size.	Alanine	47-50	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	73-77
1824702-11	1991	Trypsin proteolysis studies indicate that the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA proteins, like the wild-type recA protein, are organized into carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal domains of nearly equal size.	Alanine	47-50	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	73-77
1824702-12	1991	According to this structural model, the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA mutations may lie in a linker region joining these two domains.	Alanine	41-44	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	49-53
1824702-12	1991	According to this structural model, the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA mutations may lie in a linker region joining these two domains.	Alanine	41-44	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	67-71
1824702-13	1991	We speculate that the [Ala-163]recA and [Asn-160]recA mutations interfere with an ATP-dependent conformational change of the recA protein that perhaps involves a change in the relative orientation of the carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal domains.	Alanine	23-26	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	31-35
1846292-9	1991	Both IGF I receptor dimers and tetramers exhibit similar kinase activities using the synthetic substrate Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly, indicating that the failure to detect autophosphorylation of the IGF I receptor dimers does not result from inactivation of the kinase by DTT treatment.	Alanine	129-132	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	5-19
1846292-9	1991	Both IGF I receptor dimers and tetramers exhibit similar kinase activities using the synthetic substrate Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly, indicating that the failure to detect autophosphorylation of the IGF I receptor dimers does not result from inactivation of the kinase by DTT treatment.	Alanine	129-132	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	223-237
1846292-9	1991	Both IGF I receptor dimers and tetramers exhibit similar kinase activities using the synthetic substrate Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly, indicating that the failure to detect autophosphorylation of the IGF I receptor dimers does not result from inactivation of the kinase by DTT treatment.	Alanine	141-144	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	5-19
1846292-9	1991	Both IGF I receptor dimers and tetramers exhibit similar kinase activities using the synthetic substrate Arg-Arg-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Arg-Gly, indicating that the failure to detect autophosphorylation of the IGF I receptor dimers does not result from inactivation of the kinase by DTT treatment.	Alanine	141-144	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	223-237
2261483-3	1990	Direct examination of the formation and breakdown of the ES complex shows its formation occurs within milliseconds at 25 degrees C. The best heptapeptide substrate, Dns-Pro-Lys-Arg-Ala-Pro-Trp-Val, is cleaved only between the Arg-Ala (P1-P1") bond with kinetic parameters kcat = 380 s-1 and Km = 3.7 x 10(-4) M. The presence of Lys or Arg in the P1 and P2 positions yields high-turnover substrates.	Alanine	181-184	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	346-355
2122246-0	1990	Familial amyloid polyneuropathy: alanine-for-threonine substitution in the transthyretin (prealbumin) molecule.	Alanine	33-40	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	75-88
2211632-9	1990	One of them, Trp-864----Ala, creates a LEU3 molecule that is largely unmodulated and also is a better transcriptional activator than is wild type LEU3 ("hyperactivator").	Alanine	24-27	leucine-responsive transcriptional regulator LEU3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
2211632-9	1990	One of them, Trp-864----Ala, creates a LEU3 molecule that is largely unmodulated and also is a better transcriptional activator than is wild type LEU3 ("hyperactivator").	Alanine	24-27	leucine-responsive transcriptional regulator LEU3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	146-150
2241916-6	1990	NEM inactivated Na(+)-dependent alanine transport as a result of the inhibition of both system A and ASC transport activities.	Alanine	32-39	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
2241916-12	1990	Na+ did not protect A or ASC carriers against NEM inactivation; however, the presence of Na+ (100 mM-NaCl) and L-alanine (10 mM) during the exposure of the vesicles to NEM protected against inactivation of system A and ASC transport activities.	Alanine	111-120	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
2241916-15	1990	IA also diminished Na(+)-dependent alanine transport by inhibition of A and ASC transport activities.	Alanine	35-42	PYD and CARD domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2201686-2	1990	The requirement of an L-aspartate in the P-1 position was confirmed together with the need for a small hydrophobic residue in the P-1" position (Gly or Ala).	Alanine	152-155	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	130-133
2165127-5	1990	Analyses of the gD genes by dideoxy-sequencing techniques identified a base difference in the coding sequences and predicted that the ANG gD gene codes for alanine (GCC codon) at amino acid position 84 in the open reading frame and the ANG path gD gene codes for glycine (GGC codon) at this site.	Alanine	156-163	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	16-18
2165127-5	1990	Analyses of the gD genes by dideoxy-sequencing techniques identified a base difference in the coding sequences and predicted that the ANG gD gene codes for alanine (GCC codon) at amino acid position 84 in the open reading frame and the ANG path gD gene codes for glycine (GGC codon) at this site.	Alanine	156-163	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	138-140
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	30-33
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	34-37	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	30-33
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2275974-1	1990	The isomeric decapeptides Boc-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-OMe (II) and Boc-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-Aib-Leu-Aib-OMe (III), are predominantly alpha-helical with little effect on the conformation with interchange of Aib/Ala residues or Aib/Leu residues.	Alanine	42-45	ANIB1	Homo sapiens	46-49
2078309-4	1990	Furthermore, in the DAT cases significant decreases were observed in the ratio between CSF and plasma (CSF/P) levels for alanine, glutamine, glycine, phenylalanine and valine, when compared with controls.	Alanine	121-128	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	20-23
24571549-2	2014	We examined the structure-function relationships of 17 conserved charged residues on the surface of the ectodomain of human gamma-ENaC subunit by alanine mutagenesis and co-expression with alpha- and beta-ENaC subunits in Xenopus oocytes.	Alanine	146-153	sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma	Homo sapiens	124-134
8269939-4	1993	Alanine substitution for individual amino acids in the carboxy-terminal region of big ET-1(19-34) demonstrated that His27, Val29, Pro30, Tyr31, Gly32, Leu33 and Gly34 are more important than Asn23, Thr24, Pro25, Glu26 and Val28 for eliciting efficient hydrolysis of the Trp21-Val22 bond, even though the former residues are located at more distant positions from the cleavage sites than are the latter.	Alanine	0-7	endothelin 1	Bos taurus	86-90
34953094-4	2022	Cathepsin B digests Val-Ala-02 and Val-Ala-Chalcone linkers efficiently, enabling cleavage of oligonucleotides into two components or release of small-molecule payloads.	Alanine	39-43	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	0-11
34937426-9	2022	The uptake of T4 by SLC17A4 was Na+- and Cl--independent, stimulated by low extracellular pH, and reduced by various iodothyronines and metabolites thereof, particularly those that contain at least 3 iodine moieties irrespective of the presence of modification at the alanine side-chain.	Alanine	268-275	solute carrier family 17 member 4	Homo sapiens	20-27
34535564-9	2021	Significance Statement Ozanimod, a selective human S1P1/5 modulator, displays reduced potency for rodent and dog S1P5 compared with human, which results from mutation of threonine to alanine at position 120.	Alanine	183-190	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	115-149
34375775-17	2021	Finally, ELISA revealed that the property of ALA-PDT to stimulate transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibit IL (interleukin) -1beta and IL-6 outweighed that of hUC-MSCs, and this function of the combination overwhelmed that of any single therapy.	Alanine	45-48	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	151-155
34652163-5	2021	The alanine molecules contributed to multiple transport pathways, leading to experimentally observable spin polarization.	Alanine	4-11	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
34137858-5	2021	Inhibition of alanine aminotransferases (AlaAT) when MPC1 is absent resulted in extremely retarded phenotypes in Arabidopsis, suggesting all pyruvate-supplying enzymes work synergistically to support the TCA cycle for sustained plant growth.	Alanine	14-21	Uncharacterized protein family (UPF0041)	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
34346218-6	2021	TC uptake was reduced in the COS-7 cells expressing recombinant ASBT whose cysteine residues were mutated to alanine.	Alanine	109-116	solute carrier family 10 member 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
34252457-8	2021	In addition, site-directed mutagenesis of PDE3A to replace S654 with alanine yielded a mutant protein that was insensitive to PKG-dependent regulation.	Alanine	69-76	phosphodiesterase 3A, cGMP inhibited	Mus musculus	42-47
34372598-6	2021	Further studies were conducted to determine the roles of specific phosphorylation sites on NS1 proteins by site-directed mutagenesis with alanine substitution.	Alanine	138-145	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	91-94
34358170-4	2021	We performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis on the preS1 (aa 19-34, genotype C) and the heavy (HCDR) and light (LCDR) chain complementarity-determining regions.	Alanine	13-20	large envelope protein;middle envelope protein;small envelope protein	Hepatitis B virus	49-54
35605507-2	2022	The SLC1A4 gene encodes proteins that transport amino acids such as serine, alanine, threonine and glutamate into neurons.	Alanine	76-83	solute carrier family 1 member 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
35341808-7	2022	Using structure-guided molecular modeling combined with alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we observed that 4A3 bound to a highly conserved continuous epitope (residues 216 to 220) within the receptor-binding domain of glycoprotein D (gD) that is essential for viral infection and the triggering of membrane fusion.	Alanine	56-63	atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group)	Homo sapiens	214-228
35006623-1	2022	Mutation of an invariant aspartate residue in the binding pocket of 14-3-3$\zeta$ isoform to alanine dramatically reduced phosphopeptide binding and induced opening of the binding pocket.	Alanine	93-100	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta	Homo sapiens	68-81
35585910-6	2022	Exon 4 of the TSPO gene containing the polymorphism rs6971 (Ala or Thr at position 147) was polymerase chain reaction amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method.	Alanine	60-63	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	14-18
34997988-5	2022	In this work, we investigated a possible correlation between the GCG repeat polymorphism present in the first exon of GPx1 gene encoding a tract of five to seven alanine residues (ALA5, ALA6, and ALA7) and ASD.	Alanine	162-169	glutathione peroxidase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
35106457-3	2022	Here we screened DNA-interacting amino acid residues in the zinc-finger domain of KLF4 for enhanced reprogramming efficiency using alanine-substitution scanning methods.	Alanine	131-138	Kruppel like factor 4	Homo sapiens	82-86