PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
29061958-0	2017	alpha-Linolenic Acid Inhibits Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB Ligand Induced (RANKL-Induced) Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Inflammatory Bone Loss via Downregulation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB-Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases (NF-kappaB-iNOS) Signaling Pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	78-83
29061958-0	2017	alpha-Linolenic Acid Inhibits Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB Ligand Induced (RANKL-Induced) Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Inflammatory Bone Loss via Downregulation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB-Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases (NF-kappaB-iNOS) Signaling Pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	236-240
29061958-3	2017	We investigated the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation, LPS-induced and ovariectomized bone loss in mice models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-55	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	60-65
29061958-6	2017	RESULTS ALA intervention inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclasts proliferation and differentiation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	35-40
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	19-24
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	52-57
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	59-64
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	69-75
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	osteoclast associated receptor	Mus musculus	126-131
29061958-8	2017	ALA suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclast markers c-Fos, c-Jun and NFATc1 together with transcription factor proteins TRAP, OSCAR, cathepsin K and beta3-integrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	cathepsin K	Mus musculus	133-144
29061958-9	2017	ALA also suppressed the RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT as well as NF-kappaB and BCL-2 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	24-29
29061958-9	2017	ALA also suppressed the RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT as well as NF-kappaB and BCL-2 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	60-63
29061958-9	2017	ALA also suppressed the RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT as well as NF-kappaB and BCL-2 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	65-68
29061958-9	2017	ALA also suppressed the RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT as well as NF-kappaB and BCL-2 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	74-77
29061958-9	2017	ALA also suppressed the RANKL-stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and AKT as well as NF-kappaB and BCL-2 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	103-108
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	174-182
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	184-188
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	190-194
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	196-200
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	202-211
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	216-221
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	226-230
29061958-11	2017	ALA (100 and 300 mg/kg) intervention to estrogen-deficiency induced bone loss mice (ovariectomized) showed reductions in TRAP+ osteoclasts count, CTX-I expression, levels of IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL10, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and iNOS and COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	235-240
29061958-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS ALA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevents inflammatory bone loss via downregulation of NF-kappaB-iNOS-COX-2 signaling.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	27-32
29061958-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS ALA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevents inflammatory bone loss via downregulation of NF-kappaB-iNOS-COX-2 signaling.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	136-140
29061958-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS ALA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and prevents inflammatory bone loss via downregulation of NF-kappaB-iNOS-COX-2 signaling.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	141-146
29064409-7	2017	Serum CTX was negatively associated with red blood cell membrane linoleic acid and ALA and positively associated with membrane DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-86	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
28772063-0	2017	The omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan via NHR-49/PPARalpha and oxidation to oxylipins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-43	NR LBD domain-containing protein;Nuclear hormone receptor family member nhr-49	Caenorhabditis elegans	88-94
28772063-2	2017	Additionally, long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans glp-1 germ line-less mutant animals show a number of changes in lipid metabolism including the increased production of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	191-211	glp-1/Notch intracellular domain	Caenorhabditis elegans	48-53
28772063-2	2017	Additionally, long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans glp-1 germ line-less mutant animals show a number of changes in lipid metabolism including the increased production of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	213-216	glp-1/Notch intracellular domain	Caenorhabditis elegans	48-53
28772063-6	2017	Specifically, NHR-49 was activated by ALA to promote the expression of genes involved in the beta-oxidation of lipids, whereas SKN-1 is not directly activated by ALA, but instead, the exposure of ALA to air results in the oxidation of ALA to a group of compounds termed oxylipins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	NR LBD domain-containing protein;Nuclear hormone receptor family member nhr-49	Caenorhabditis elegans	14-20
28772063-6	2017	Specifically, NHR-49 was activated by ALA to promote the expression of genes involved in the beta-oxidation of lipids, whereas SKN-1 is not directly activated by ALA, but instead, the exposure of ALA to air results in the oxidation of ALA to a group of compounds termed oxylipins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	162-165	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	127-132
28772063-6	2017	Specifically, NHR-49 was activated by ALA to promote the expression of genes involved in the beta-oxidation of lipids, whereas SKN-1 is not directly activated by ALA, but instead, the exposure of ALA to air results in the oxidation of ALA to a group of compounds termed oxylipins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	162-165	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	127-132
28772063-6	2017	Specifically, NHR-49 was activated by ALA to promote the expression of genes involved in the beta-oxidation of lipids, whereas SKN-1 is not directly activated by ALA, but instead, the exposure of ALA to air results in the oxidation of ALA to a group of compounds termed oxylipins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	162-165	BZIP domain-containing protein;Protein skinhead-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	127-132
29050261-0	2017	Alpha-linolenic acid stabilizes HIF-1 alpha and downregulates FASN to promote mitochondrial apoptosis for mammary gland chemoprevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	32-43
27960561-0	2017	Dietary essential alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid differentially modulate TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity in FADS2-deficient HEK-293 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-89
27960561-0	2017	Dietary essential alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid differentially modulate TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity in FADS2-deficient HEK-293 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	98-106
27960561-0	2017	Dietary essential alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid differentially modulate TNFalpha-induced NFkappaB activity in FADS2-deficient HEK-293 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
27960561-1	2017	The pro- or anti-inflammatory bioactivity of dietary essential linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is mainly attributed to rate-limiting delta-6 desaturase (D6D) activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	86-106	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	171-174
27960561-1	2017	The pro- or anti-inflammatory bioactivity of dietary essential linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is mainly attributed to rate-limiting delta-6 desaturase (D6D) activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-111	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	171-174
27960561-2	2017	The aim of this study was to analyze mechanisms of D6D-substrates ALA, LA and D6D-product gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) under D6D-deficient conditions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	66-69	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	51-54
29050261-0	2017	Alpha-linolenic acid stabilizes HIF-1 alpha and downregulates FASN to promote mitochondrial apoptosis for mammary gland chemoprevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	62-66
28270444-4	2017	ALA-Sed rats had increased microsomal-triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), a protein required for lipoprotein assembly/secretion, as well as modestly increased PL content in the absence of improvements in mitochondrial content, lipid accumulation, or insulin sensitivity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Rattus norvegicus	27-67
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	228-232
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	256-259
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	228-232
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	256-259
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	228-232
28504119-4	2017	Moreover, low or high concentrations of ALA, but not LA, and different ratios of LA/ALA resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Hes1 and Ki-67, and the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP) and oligodendrocytes (MBP), but not neurons (beta-III Tubulin), with the highest increase being for LA/ALA ratio of 1:3, in comparison to controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	256-259
28270444-4	2017	ALA-Sed rats had increased microsomal-triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), a protein required for lipoprotein assembly/secretion, as well as modestly increased PL content in the absence of improvements in mitochondrial content, lipid accumulation, or insulin sensitivity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
28555106-5	2017	The Nrf2 expression was increased dose-dependently in cells administered with increasing concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-157	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	4-8
28520897-12	2017	Combined treatment with ALA also reduced CC apoptosis, partially recovered CC expansion, abrogated the reduction in MMP in the CCs but not in the oocytes, and reduced BiP and HSP70 expression in CCs, compared with PSO only (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B	Bos taurus	175-180
28017961-5	2017	Treatment with a omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 50 mumol/L) produced moderate reduction in LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and NO production (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 46% and 42%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	163-172
28643621-4	2017	The addition of LA and ALA to PCLS culture media increased oxidative damage to lipids as suggested by higher concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 target genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-26	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Bos taurus	199-242
28441756-2	2017	METHODS: This study used alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for UFA and HepG2 cells for hepatocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-45	albumin	Homo sapiens	72-85
28294699-1	2017	Chia oil has the highest recognized alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
28294699-1	2017	Chia oil has the highest recognized alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
27878518-4	2017	Concomitant administration of ALA and GLA with VPA demonstrated a marked cutdown in the Pgp 9.5 expression with GLA having more pronounced effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	88-95
28503432-8	2017	Factor 2 was characterized by oleic acid, monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats, linoleic acid, trans fatty acid, linolenic acid, vitamin E and saturated fats (fatty acid pattern).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-133	transcription termination factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
28017961-5	2017	Treatment with a omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 50 mumol/L) produced moderate reduction in LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and NO production (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 46% and 42%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	177-181
28017961-5	2017	Treatment with a omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 50 mumol/L) produced moderate reduction in LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and NO production (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 46% and 42%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	163-172
28017961-5	2017	Treatment with a omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 50 mumol/L) produced moderate reduction in LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and NO production (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 46% and 42%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	177-181
28017961-6	2017	Pre-incubation with Rb2 (1 or 10 mumol/L) for 12 h before ALA treatment dramatically amplified the inhibitory effects of ALA (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 74% and 86%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Mus musculus	20-23
28017961-6	2017	Pre-incubation with Rb2 (1 or 10 mumol/L) for 12 h before ALA treatment dramatically amplified the inhibitory effects of ALA (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 74% and 86%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-124	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Mus musculus	20-23
28017961-6	2017	Pre-incubation with Rb2 (1 or 10 mumol/L) for 12 h before ALA treatment dramatically amplified the inhibitory effects of ALA (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 74% and 86%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-124	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	126-135
28017961-6	2017	Pre-incubation with Rb2 (1 or 10 mumol/L) for 12 h before ALA treatment dramatically amplified the inhibitory effects of ALA (TNF-alpha and IL-6 were decreased by 74% and 86%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-124	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	140-144
28017961-7	2017	Compared to the treatment with ALA alone, pre-incubation with Rb2 resulted in a more prominent reduction in LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS and COX-2 and LPS-stimulated IKK/NF-kappaB phosphorylation and MAPK pathway activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-34	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Mus musculus	62-65
28017961-7	2017	Compared to the treatment with ALA alone, pre-incubation with Rb2 resulted in a more prominent reduction in LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS and COX-2 and LPS-stimulated IKK/NF-kappaB phosphorylation and MAPK pathway activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-34	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	137-141
27903595-6	2017	In the hippocampus, an ALA-enriched diet decreased AEA content and NAPE-PLD expression, and reduced 2-AG content while increasing MAG lipase expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-26	N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
27527582-3	2017	Delta-5 and Delta-6 desaturase enzymes, encoded for by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key desaturation enzymes involved in the bioconversion of essential fatty acids (alphaLNA and linoleic acid (LA)) to longer chained PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	163-171	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
28197106-0	2017	Inhibition of Intermediate-Conductance Calcium-Activated K Channel (KCa3.1) and Fibroblast Mitogenesis by alpha-Linolenic Acid and Alterations of Channel Expression in the Lysosomal Storage Disorders, Fabry Disease, and Niemann Pick C. The calcium/calmodulin-gated KCa3.1 channel regulates normal and abnormal mitogenesis by controlling K+-efflux, cell volume, and membrane hyperpolarization-driven calcium-entry.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-126	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
28197106-6	2017	Considering modulation by omega-3 fatty acids we found that alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA) and docosahexanenoic acid (DHA) inhibit KCa3.1 currents and strongly reduce fibroblast growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-80	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
28197106-6	2017	Considering modulation by omega-3 fatty acids we found that alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA) and docosahexanenoic acid (DHA) inhibit KCa3.1 currents and strongly reduce fibroblast growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-90	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
28129739-10	2017	The gene family members corresponding to differentially expressed proteins, including lipoxygenase (CmLOX01-18) and alcohol acetyltransferase (CmAAT1-4) involved in the alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathway, were verified with real-time qPCR.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	169-189	benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase-like	Cucumis melo	100-141
28129739-10	2017	The gene family members corresponding to differentially expressed proteins, including lipoxygenase (CmLOX01-18) and alcohol acetyltransferase (CmAAT1-4) involved in the alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathway, were verified with real-time qPCR.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	169-189	benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase-like	Cucumis melo	143-151
27527582-3	2017	Delta-5 and Delta-6 desaturase enzymes, encoded for by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key desaturation enzymes involved in the bioconversion of essential fatty acids (alphaLNA and linoleic acid (LA)) to longer chained PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	163-171	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	65-70
27527582-3	2017	Delta-5 and Delta-6 desaturase enzymes, encoded for by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key desaturation enzymes involved in the bioconversion of essential fatty acids (alphaLNA and linoleic acid (LA)) to longer chained PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	163-171	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	214-218
27527582-4	2017	In general, carriers of FADS minor alleles tend to have higher habitual plasma and tissue levels of LA and alphaLNA, and lower levels of arachidonic acid, EPA and also to a lesser extent DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	107-115	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	24-28
27826761-5	2017	Fatty acid profiling demonstrated a decline in stearic acid and an increase in linolenic acid in acbp4 and acbp4acbp5 buds, respectively, over Col-0.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-93	acyl-CoA binding protein 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-102
27865506-4	2017	Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta13-desaturation of vaccenic acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with alpha-linolenic acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	232-252	fatty acid desaturase 3	Bos taurus	12-17
27865506-4	2017	Because the FADS3 gene has already been reported in bovine animals, we hypothesized in the present study that an alternative direct FADS3-catalyzed Delta13-desaturation of vaccenic acid in mammary tissue may therefore co-exist with alpha-linolenic acid biohydrogenation to explain the final ruminant milk trans-11,cis-13 CLA presence.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	232-252	fatty acid desaturase 3	Bos taurus	132-137
27106529-8	2016	Application of 5 muM ALA after BChE transfection to HepG2 cells resulted in increased expression of BChE.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	31-35
27500884-4	2016	Here, we demonstrate that a mutation of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 can decrease the ratio of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LA) in seed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	101-121	general control non-repressible 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-74
27500884-4	2016	Here, we demonstrate that a mutation of the histone acetyltransferase GCN5 can decrease the ratio of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LA) in seed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	123-126	general control non-repressible 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-74
27500884-6	2016	Notably, the GCN5-dependent H3K9/14 acetylation of FAD3 determined the expression levels of FAD3 in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, and the ratio of ALA/LA in the gcn5 mutant was rescued to the wild-type levels through the overexpression of FAD3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-148	general control non-repressible 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
27500884-6	2016	Notably, the GCN5-dependent H3K9/14 acetylation of FAD3 determined the expression levels of FAD3 in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, and the ratio of ALA/LA in the gcn5 mutant was rescued to the wild-type levels through the overexpression of FAD3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-148	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
27500884-6	2016	Notably, the GCN5-dependent H3K9/14 acetylation of FAD3 determined the expression levels of FAD3 in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, and the ratio of ALA/LA in the gcn5 mutant was rescued to the wild-type levels through the overexpression of FAD3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-148	histone acetyltransferase of the GNAT family 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	159-163
27106529-8	2016	Application of 5 muM ALA after BChE transfection to HepG2 cells resulted in increased expression of BChE.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	100-104
27106529-11	2016	Application of ALA, on the other hand, led to an overall increase in cell numbers, BChE expression and activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	83-87
27106529-12	2016	Our results indicate that BChE expression might be regulated by ALA in HepG2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	26-30
27430386-0	2016	Alpha Linolenic Acid-enriched Diacylglycerol Enhances Postprandial Fat Oxidation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trail.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	139-144
27491336-0	2016	Effect of alpha-linolenic acid-modified low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate on atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-30	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	103-107
27300155-3	2016	alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	SUB1 regulator of transcription	Homo sapiens	78-82
27300155-3	2016	alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content increased up to 1.81, 2.19 and 2.39g/100g (SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3 products) as compared to the Control (0.35g/100g), implying an increment in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supply (up to 10.3%) and reductions in omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (75, 82 and 84%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	SUB1 regulator of transcription	Homo sapiens	78-82
27556399-11	2016	While specific dietary fatty acid concentrations and balances and antioxidant supplementation may need further attention, the use of an oil with a high content of DHA and ALA can enhance tissue deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA in relation to a commercially used oil blend.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	171-174	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	215-219
27535180-0	2016	15-Lipoxygenase metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid, [13-(S)-HPOTrE and 13-(S)-HOTrE], mediate anti-inflammatory effects by inactivating NLRP3 inflammasome.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-51	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	137-142
27535180-5	2016	The present study evaluates the effects of 15-LOX metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 PUFA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-85	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	43-49
27535180-5	2016	The present study evaluates the effects of 15-LOX metabolites of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, omega-3 PUFA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-90	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	43-49
27934292-7	2016	We also demonstrated that RKE contained linolenic acid (LIA), oleic acid (OA), and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), which activate PPARalpha, using LC-MS analysis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	136-145
27934292-7	2016	We also demonstrated that RKE contained linolenic acid (LIA), oleic acid (OA), and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), which activate PPARalpha, using LC-MS analysis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	136-145
28078067-0	2016	alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces TNF-Induced Apoptosis in C2C12 Myoblasts by Regulating Expression of Apoptotic Proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-32
28078067-6	2016	The results demonstrated that ALA protective effect on C2C12 myoblasts was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 activity and an increase of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	105-114
28078067-6	2016	The results demonstrated that ALA protective effect on C2C12 myoblasts was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 activity and an increase of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	147-152
28078067-6	2016	The results demonstrated that ALA protective effect on C2C12 myoblasts was associated with a decrease in caspase-3 activity and an increase of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	153-156
28078067-7	2016	Indeed, the effect of ALA was directed to rescuing Bcl-2 expression and to revert Bax translocation to mitochondria both affected in an opposite way by TNF, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in damaged skeletal muscle.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	51-56
28078067-7	2016	Indeed, the effect of ALA was directed to rescuing Bcl-2 expression and to revert Bax translocation to mitochondria both affected in an opposite way by TNF, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in damaged skeletal muscle.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	82-85
28078067-7	2016	Indeed, the effect of ALA was directed to rescuing Bcl-2 expression and to revert Bax translocation to mitochondria both affected in an opposite way by TNF, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in damaged skeletal muscle.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	152-155
27378407-0	2016	Molecular cloning and functional characterization of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5), and its expression in response to the ratio of linolenic acid to linoleic acid in diets of large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-151	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	53-80
27378407-0	2016	Molecular cloning and functional characterization of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5), and its expression in response to the ratio of linolenic acid to linoleic acid in diets of large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-151	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	82-87
27378407-1	2016	This study was conducted to clone and functionally characterize a full-length cDNA encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) from large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) and investigate its gene expression in response to graded dietary ratio of linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LNA) (0.03, 0.06, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.51).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-264	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	92-119
27378407-1	2016	This study was conducted to clone and functionally characterize a full-length cDNA encoding arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) from large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea) and investigate its gene expression in response to graded dietary ratio of linolenic acid (ALA) to linoleic acid (LNA) (0.03, 0.06, 0.45, 0.90 and 1.51).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-264	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Larimichthys crocea	121-126
27466433-11	2016	5 muM of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid and 250 muM palmitic acid repressed CCK expression significantly.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	cholecystokinin	Columba livia	101-104
27466433-12	2016	A higher concentration (250 muM) of oleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid can up-regulate CCK mRNA level significantly.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-70	cholecystokinin	Columba livia	87-90
29235833-6	2016	Research of lipoxygenase substrate dependence indicated that the enzyme  catalysed with the maximum velocity of the reaction of arachidonic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 4.5 mM at pH 7.2, the reaction of linoleic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 4.5 mM at pH 7.2 and the reaction of linolenic acid oxidation at a substrate concentration of 9.0 mM at pH 8.0.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	314-328	LOC543232	Triticum aestivum	12-24
27733139-4	2016	Previously, we generated soybean lines with knockout mutations within fatty acid desaturase 2-1A (FAD2-1A) and FAD2-1B genes, resulting in oil with increased levels of monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1) and decreased levels of linoleic (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	246-260	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	111-118
27733139-5	2016	Here, we stack mutations within FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B with mutations in fatty acid desaturase 3A (FAD3A) to further decrease levels of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-147	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	44-51
27733139-5	2016	Here, we stack mutations within FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B with mutations in fatty acid desaturase 3A (FAD3A) to further decrease levels of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-147	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	70-94
27733139-5	2016	Here, we stack mutations within FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B with mutations in fatty acid desaturase 3A (FAD3A) to further decrease levels of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-147	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	96-101
27733139-7	2016	RESULTS: Oil from fad2-1a fad2-1b fad3a plants had significantly lower levels of linolenic acid (2.5 %), as compared to fad2-1a fad2-1b plants (4.7 %).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-95	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	26-33
27733139-7	2016	RESULTS: Oil from fad2-1a fad2-1b fad3a plants had significantly lower levels of linolenic acid (2.5 %), as compared to fad2-1a fad2-1b plants (4.7 %).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-95	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	34-39
26399745-0	2016	Chronic alpha-linolenic acid treatment alleviates age-associated neuropathology: Roles of PERK/eIF2alpha signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	90-94
26399745-0	2016	Chronic alpha-linolenic acid treatment alleviates age-associated neuropathology: Roles of PERK/eIF2alpha signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	95-104
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	19-23
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	24-33
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	198-229
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	231-236
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	265-302
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	304-308
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	339-372
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	374-378
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	434-464
26399745-7	2016	ALA suppressed the PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which may be responsible for multifaceted memory-deteriorating and neurodegenerative mechanisms, including inhibition of Abeta production by suppressing beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression, enhancement of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) function via down-regulating activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and suppression of Tau phosphorylation by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	466-475
26399745-8	2016	Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the link between ALA and PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which could contribute to a better understanding of an ALA-mediated protective effect in aging-associated neuropathology.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	80-84
26399745-8	2016	Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the link between ALA and PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which could contribute to a better understanding of an ALA-mediated protective effect in aging-associated neuropathology.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	85-94
26399745-8	2016	Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the link between ALA and PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which could contribute to a better understanding of an ALA-mediated protective effect in aging-associated neuropathology.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	161-164	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	80-84
26399745-8	2016	Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the link between ALA and PERK/eIF2alpha signaling, which could contribute to a better understanding of an ALA-mediated protective effect in aging-associated neuropathology.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	161-164	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Homo sapiens	85-94
27941179-4	2016	Alpha-linolenic acid consumption has a negative correlation with the insulin resistance, which in turn is negatively correlated with the remaining beta-cell function.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
26914447-6	2016	The polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid facilitated opening of the human M-channel, comprised of the heteromeric human KV 7.2/3 channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes, by shifting the conductance-vs.-voltage curve towards more negative voltages (by -7.4 to -11.3 mV by 70 mum).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-74	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2	Homo sapiens	180-188
26328539-0	2016	Long-Term Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplement Alleviates Cognitive Impairment Correlate with Activating Hippocampal CREB Signaling in Natural Aging Rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
26328539-8	2016	Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	226-229	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	42-77
26328539-8	2016	Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	226-229	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
26328539-8	2016	Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	226-229	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
26328539-10	2016	Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
26328539-10	2016	Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
26328539-10	2016	Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
26328539-10	2016	Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
26328539-10	2016	Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
27368132-1	2016	Recent research has demonstrated that colon cancer cell proliferation can be suppressed in the cells that overexpress COX-2 via generating 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (a free radical byproduct) during dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, an omega-6 fatty acid) peroxidation from knocking down cellular delta-5-desaturase (D5D, the key enzyme for converting DGLA to the downstream omega-6, arachidonic acid).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	208-223	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	118-123
27368132-1	2016	Recent research has demonstrated that colon cancer cell proliferation can be suppressed in the cells that overexpress COX-2 via generating 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (a free radical byproduct) during dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, an omega-6 fatty acid) peroxidation from knocking down cellular delta-5-desaturase (D5D, the key enzyme for converting DGLA to the downstream omega-6, arachidonic acid).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	208-223	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	295-313
26987422-7	2016	The expression levels of FADS2a(Delta6), ELOVL5 and ELOVL2 were highest when diets were high in ALA, with no added EPA or DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2	Oncorhynchus mykiss	52-58
26584822-8	2016	Expression analyses of genes in blastocysts revealed lesser transcript abundances for Bax gene, and higher transcript abundances for Bcl-2 gene in 50 muM ALA group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	154-157	apoptosis regulator Bcl-2	Capra hircus	133-138
26584822-9	2016	Expression of p53 gene was also less observed in ALA-treated blastocysts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-52	cellular tumor antigen p53	Capra hircus	14-17
27144909-1	2016	Considerable evidence supports an association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms and the efficiency of converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via the desaturation-elongation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-153	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	54-77
27144909-1	2016	Considerable evidence supports an association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms and the efficiency of converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via the desaturation-elongation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-153	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
27144909-1	2016	Considerable evidence supports an association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms and the efficiency of converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via the desaturation-elongation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-158	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	54-77
27144909-1	2016	Considerable evidence supports an association between fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) polymorphisms and the efficiency of converting alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) via the desaturation-elongation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-158	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	79-84
27179851-0	2016	Effectiveness of rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil to enhance the alpha-linolenic acid content in milk from dairy cows.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-85	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	97-101
27179851-6	2016	Compared with the CON, milk concentration of ALA was substantially higher in cows receiving RO or RFO, and was doubled in cows receiving FO.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-48	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	23-27
27179851-7	2016	The ALA yield (g/d) increased by 31.0, 70.3, and 33.4% in milk from cows fed RO, FO, or RFO, respectively, compared with the CON.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	4-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	58-62
27179851-13	2016	These results indicate that rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil will increase milk production and the concentration of functional fatty acids (ALA, vaccenic acid, and CLA) in milk fat while decreasing the content of saturated fatty acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-143	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	172-176
28330183-4	2016	The purified LOX has molecular mass of approximately 97 kDa and showed high activity with linoleic acid than linolenic acid and arachidonic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-123	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-like	Vigna radiata	13-16
27142734-8	2016	Conversely, ALA exerted an independent immunomodulatory effect from EPA/DHA and all n-3 FA increased LPS-stimulated IL-10 production versus LA and AA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	116-121
27164694-9	2016	Higher intake levels of alpha-linolenic acid were associated with slower global cognitive decline, but also only in APOE epsilon4 carriers.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	116-120
26991769-7	2016	After adjustment for age and examination year, the only statistically significant association among the n-3 and n-6 PUFA was observed between the n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid and risk of haemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio in the highest v. the lowest quartile 0 33; 95 % CI 0 13, 0 86; P trend=0 03).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-175	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	116-120
26991769-7	2016	After adjustment for age and examination year, the only statistically significant association among the n-3 and n-6 PUFA was observed between the n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid and risk of haemorrhagic stroke (hazard ratio in the highest v. the lowest quartile 0 33; 95 % CI 0 13, 0 86; P trend=0 03).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-175	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	150-154
26694605-0	2016	A High-Fat, High-Oleic Diet, But Not a High-Fat, Saturated Diet, Reduces Hepatic alpha-Linolenic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Content in Mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-101	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	7-10
27173340-10	2016	The DGAT1 GC/GC allele was associated with lower milk fat and protein content, lower saturated fatty acid levels, and higher polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), n-3 and n-6 FA, and a linolenic acid to cholesterolemic FA ratios, which implied a healthier FA profile.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	174-188	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	4-9
27173340-11	2016	The SCD1 CC genotype was associated with a low cholesterolemic FA content, a high ratio of linolenic acid to cholesterolemic FA, and lower conjugated-linolenic acid and PUFA content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-105	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	4-8
27173340-11	2016	The SCD1 CC genotype was associated with a low cholesterolemic FA content, a high ratio of linolenic acid to cholesterolemic FA, and lower conjugated-linolenic acid and PUFA content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	150-164	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	4-8
26593488-4	2016	Overexpression of AtJMT in the seeds resulted in decreased amounts of tryptophan, palmitic acid, linolenic acid, and stachyose, but increased levels of gadoleic acid and genistein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	97-111	jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-23
27101009-9	2016	The purified CmLOX10 and CmLOX13 recombinant enzymes exhibited maximum activity at different temperature and pH and both had higher affinity for linoleic acid than linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	164-178	linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 2-1, chloroplastic-like	Cucumis melo	13-20
27101009-9	2016	The purified CmLOX10 and CmLOX13 recombinant enzymes exhibited maximum activity at different temperature and pH and both had higher affinity for linoleic acid than linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	164-178	linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase 2-1, chloroplastic-like	Cucumis melo	25-32
26912497-0	2016	Adipose tissue alpha-linolenic acid is inversely associated with insulin resistance in adults.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
26912497-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Higher adipose tissue ALA was inversely associated with insulin resistance in this cohort of healthy adult men and women.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	69-76
26889941-8	2016	Results showed that adrenal microsomal CYP21 activity was decreased by docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, AA, and linoleic acid, and CYP17 activity was inhibited by DPA, DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and AA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	151-171	cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
27066063-8	2016	The location of the FAD3A gene is the same as was previously determined for the fan allele, that conditions low linolenic acid content and several linolenic acid QTL, including Linolen 3-3, mapped previously with the RG10 x OX948 population and confirmed in the PI 361088B x OX948 population as Linolen-PO (FAD3A).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-126	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	20-25
27066063-0	2016	Microsomal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes in Low Linolenic Acid Soybean Line RG10 and Validation of Major Linolenic Acid QTL.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-68	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	0-40
27066063-8	2016	The location of the FAD3A gene is the same as was previously determined for the fan allele, that conditions low linolenic acid content and several linolenic acid QTL, including Linolen 3-3, mapped previously with the RG10 x OX948 population and confirmed in the PI 361088B x OX948 population as Linolen-PO (FAD3A).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-161	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	20-25
27066063-3	2016	The level of linolenic acid in seed oil is determined by the activities of microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturases (FAD3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-27	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	118-122
27066063-9	2016	The FAD3B gene-based marker, developed previously, was mapped to the chromosome Gm02 (D1b) in a region containing a newly detected linolenic acid QTL [Linolen-RO(FAD3B)] in the RG10 x OX948 genetic map and corresponds well with the in silico position of the FAD3B gene sequences.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	131-145	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	4-9
27066063-9	2016	The FAD3B gene-based marker, developed previously, was mapped to the chromosome Gm02 (D1b) in a region containing a newly detected linolenic acid QTL [Linolen-RO(FAD3B)] in the RG10 x OX948 genetic map and corresponds well with the in silico position of the FAD3B gene sequences.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	131-145	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	162-167
27066063-9	2016	The FAD3B gene-based marker, developed previously, was mapped to the chromosome Gm02 (D1b) in a region containing a newly detected linolenic acid QTL [Linolen-RO(FAD3B)] in the RG10 x OX948 genetic map and corresponds well with the in silico position of the FAD3B gene sequences.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	131-145	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	162-167
27066063-11	2016	Association of linolenic acid QTL with the desaturase genes FAD3A and FAD3B, their validation in an independent population, and development of FAD3 gene-specific markers should simplify and accelerate breeding for low linolenic acid soybean cultivars.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-29	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	60-65
27066063-11	2016	Association of linolenic acid QTL with the desaturase genes FAD3A and FAD3B, their validation in an independent population, and development of FAD3 gene-specific markers should simplify and accelerate breeding for low linolenic acid soybean cultivars.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-29	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	70-75
27066063-11	2016	Association of linolenic acid QTL with the desaturase genes FAD3A and FAD3B, their validation in an independent population, and development of FAD3 gene-specific markers should simplify and accelerate breeding for low linolenic acid soybean cultivars.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-29	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	60-64
26912161-7	2016	RESULTS: ALA significantly decreased plasma TG, FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-gamma, G0S2, and GPR120 in PBMC, compared with the untreated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	63-67
26958841-10	2016	We also performed an in vitro proliferation assay to determine the effect of ALA in survival of classical human PCa cell lines LNCaP and PC3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	77-80	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	137-140
26440049-0	2016	Alpha-linolenic acid regulates Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase pathway and decreases the expression of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7 through restoration of p53 and Rb expression in human cervical cancer cell lines.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	31-35
26440049-0	2016	Alpha-linolenic acid regulates Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase pathway and decreases the expression of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7 through restoration of p53 and Rb expression in human cervical cancer cell lines.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	36-40
26440049-0	2016	Alpha-linolenic acid regulates Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase pathway and decreases the expression of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7 through restoration of p53 and Rb expression in human cervical cancer cell lines.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	138-141
26440049-4	2016	ALA significantly modulated the growth kinetics of the cells and reduced cell migration with concomitant decrease in the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	135-139
26440049-4	2016	ALA significantly modulated the growth kinetics of the cells and reduced cell migration with concomitant decrease in the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	141-146
26440049-4	2016	ALA significantly modulated the growth kinetics of the cells and reduced cell migration with concomitant decrease in the expression of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	152-157
26440049-5	2016	Besides this, ALA significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated p38, pERK1/2, c-JUN, NFkappaB, and COX2, proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	75-78
26440049-5	2016	Besides this, ALA significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated p38, pERK1/2, c-JUN, NFkappaB, and COX2, proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
26440049-5	2016	Besides this, ALA significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated p38, pERK1/2, c-JUN, NFkappaB, and COX2, proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	96-104
26440049-5	2016	Besides this, ALA significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated p38, pERK1/2, c-JUN, NFkappaB, and COX2, proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	110-114
26440049-6	2016	Most importantly, ALA reduced the expression of HPV onco-proteins E6 and E7, resulting into restoration of expression of tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rb.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	148-151
26912161-0	2016	alpha-Linolenic acid increases the G0/G1 switch gene 2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from obese patients: a pilot study.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	35-54
26912161-4	2016	The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the effect of ALA on G0S2 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of obese patients and the potential influence of G0S2 gene expression in ALA-induced inhibition of lipolysis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
26912161-4	2016	The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the effect of ALA on G0S2 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of obese patients and the potential influence of G0S2 gene expression in ALA-induced inhibition of lipolysis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	210-213	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
26912161-7	2016	RESULTS: ALA significantly decreased plasma TG, FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-gamma, G0S2, and GPR120 in PBMC, compared with the untreated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-82
26912161-7	2016	RESULTS: ALA significantly decreased plasma TG, FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-gamma, G0S2, and GPR120 in PBMC, compared with the untreated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	134-144
26912161-7	2016	RESULTS: ALA significantly decreased plasma TG, FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-gamma, G0S2, and GPR120 in PBMC, compared with the untreated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	146-150
26912161-7	2016	RESULTS: ALA significantly decreased plasma TG, FFA, glycerol, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-gamma, G0S2, and GPR120 in PBMC, compared with the untreated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
26912161-8	2016	In obese patients from the ALA-treated group, decreased plasma FFA (a biomarker for lipolysis) level was significantly correlated with increased PPAR-gamma (a functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) and G0S2 (a direct target gene of PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression in PBMC, while decreased plasma FFA level was not correlated with increased GPR120 (another functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) mRNA expression in PBMC.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	145-155
26912161-8	2016	In obese patients from the ALA-treated group, decreased plasma FFA (a biomarker for lipolysis) level was significantly correlated with increased PPAR-gamma (a functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) and G0S2 (a direct target gene of PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression in PBMC, while decreased plasma FFA level was not correlated with increased GPR120 (another functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) mRNA expression in PBMC.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	204-208
26912161-8	2016	In obese patients from the ALA-treated group, decreased plasma FFA (a biomarker for lipolysis) level was significantly correlated with increased PPAR-gamma (a functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) and G0S2 (a direct target gene of PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression in PBMC, while decreased plasma FFA level was not correlated with increased GPR120 (another functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) mRNA expression in PBMC.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	234-244
26912161-8	2016	In obese patients from the ALA-treated group, decreased plasma FFA (a biomarker for lipolysis) level was significantly correlated with increased PPAR-gamma (a functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) and G0S2 (a direct target gene of PPAR-gamma) mRNA expression in PBMC, while decreased plasma FFA level was not correlated with increased GPR120 (another functional omega-3 fatty acids receptor) mRNA expression in PBMC.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	338-344
26912161-9	2016	CONCLUSION: This study shows that ALA increases G0S2 gene expression in PBMC in parallel with the decrease of plasma FFA level in obese patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-37	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
26912161-10	2016	Increased G0S2 gene expression might contribute to the beneficial anti-lipolytic effect of ALA in obese patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-94	G0/G1 switch 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
26941581-11	2016	ALA reduced TNF-induced apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and prevented the TNF-induced inhibition of myogenesis, as demonstrated by the increased expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain and caveolin-3, while promoting myotube fusion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	12-15
26892399-1	2016	BACKGROUND: A plant-based strategy to improve long-chain (LC) omega (n)-3 PUFA supply in humans involves dietary supplementation with oils containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) alone or in combination with stearidonic acid (SDA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	150-170	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
26892399-1	2016	BACKGROUND: A plant-based strategy to improve long-chain (LC) omega (n)-3 PUFA supply in humans involves dietary supplementation with oils containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) alone or in combination with stearidonic acid (SDA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
26941581-11	2016	ALA reduced TNF-induced apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and prevented the TNF-induced inhibition of myogenesis, as demonstrated by the increased expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain and caveolin-3, while promoting myotube fusion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
26941581-11	2016	ALA reduced TNF-induced apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and prevented the TNF-induced inhibition of myogenesis, as demonstrated by the increased expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain and caveolin-3, while promoting myotube fusion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	myogenin	Homo sapiens	166-174
26941581-11	2016	ALA reduced TNF-induced apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and prevented the TNF-induced inhibition of myogenesis, as demonstrated by the increased expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain and caveolin-3, while promoting myotube fusion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	caveolin 3	Homo sapiens	199-209
26941581-12	2016	The in silico investigation revealed that FAK pathways may play a central role in the protective effects of ALA on myogenesis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-111	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
27642591-2	2016	The main goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) against NASH and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-107	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals, 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
26869086-3	2016	alpha-linolenic acid (n-3 PUFA precursor) levels were higher in the plasma PL of C-allele carriers, whereas levels of the n-3 LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were unchanged in erythrocyte membrane and plasma PL.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	26-30
27642591-2	2016	The main goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the perilla oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) against NASH and gain a deep insight into its potential mechanisms.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-112	SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals, 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
26677906-6	2016	Arachidonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid, which have been reported to exist in liver microsomes, inhibited S-777469 oxidation by CYP2C9, but serum albumin enhanced this reactions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	157-163
26521211-0	2016	Enhancement of alpha-linolenic acid content in transgenic tobacco seeds by targeting a plastidial omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (fad7) gene of Sesamum indicum to ER.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-35	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	129-133
26521211-1	2016	KEY MESSAGE: Expression of sesame plastidial FAD7 desaturase modified with the endoplasmic reticulum targeting and retention signals, enhances the alpha-linolenic acid accumulation in seeds of Nicotiana tabacum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-167	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplastic	Sesamum indicum	45-49
26526350-4	2015	In the present work, using cells transfected with this receptor, docosahexaenoic acid and alpha-linolenic acid increased intracellular calcium concentration and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	161-168
26643045-4	2015	Results show that, the major TAG species that comprised APA-HMFAs were rich in ALA and palmitic acid, which contained 64.52% total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and 97.05% PA at the sn-2 position.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-82	glutamyl aminopeptidase	Homo sapiens	56-59
26350254-7	2015	These results were supported by experiments in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2, where ALA supplementation was shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammation induced by IL-1beta by down-regulating mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-8, COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	184-192
25208630-7	2015	RESULTS: Based on covariate-adjusted analyses, intakes of n-3 PUFAs from vegetable sources were significantly correlated with RBC alpha-linolenic acid levels (rho = 0.23, P = 0.007), whereas n-3 PUFA intakes from marine sources correlated significantly with RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (rho = 0.29, P = 0.0008) and docosahexaenoic acid (rho = 0.41, P = 9.2 x 10(-7)) levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-150	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
26350254-7	2015	These results were supported by experiments in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2, where ALA supplementation was shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammation induced by IL-1beta by down-regulating mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-8, COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	260-264
26350254-7	2015	These results were supported by experiments in the human colonic epithelial cell line Caco-2, where ALA supplementation was shown to be effective in inhibiting inflammation induced by IL-1beta by down-regulating mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-8, COX2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	266-270
26675329-10	2015	Low ratio of LA/alpha-linolenic acid decreased the mRNA and protein levels of MMP13 but did not affect chondrocytes proliferation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-36	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
26268732-5	2015	ALA also increased mRNA expression of genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 4A10 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4a) involved in intestinal lipid oxidation and mRNA expression of TAG synthesis-related genes (monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2) in WT mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 10	Mus musculus	137-157
26584805-6	2015	Our results reveal robust genome-wide associations (p value <5 x 10(-8)) with ALA, all four n-6 PUFAs, and delta-6 desaturase activity at the FADS1/FADS2 locus.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
26329338-7	2015	The metabolic pathways for taurine, cholesterol ester, and the beta-oxidation of pristine acid, linolenic acid, and sphingolipid were activated more in RA SF than in OA SF.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-110	OAP	Homo sapiens	166-171
26439440-9	2015	Maternal FADS2 methylation was a predictor for the boys" alpha-linolenic acid intakes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	57-77	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	9-14
26271617-6	2015	Furthermore, estimated delta-5 desaturase (D5D) but not delta-6 desaturase (D6D) activity index was increased at 48 h. These results suggested that FX may enhance the conversion of ALA to longer chain n-3 PUFA through increasing D5D activity in the liver.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-184	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	23-41
26246425-10	2015	Elevated levels of putrescine and linolenate in Apc(Min/+) mice were significantly decreased by BRBs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-44	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	48-51
26275932-3	2015	One such receptor, free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4), previously described as GPR120, has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in response to PUFA such as ALA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	192-195	free fatty acid receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	19-45
26275932-3	2015	One such receptor, free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4), previously described as GPR120, has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in response to PUFA such as ALA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	192-195	free fatty acid receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
26275932-3	2015	One such receptor, free-fatty acid receptor-4 (FFAR4), previously described as GPR120, has been shown to modulate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in response to PUFA such as ALA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	192-195	free fatty acid receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
26268732-5	2015	ALA also increased mRNA expression of genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 4A10 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4a) involved in intestinal lipid oxidation and mRNA expression of TAG synthesis-related genes (monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2, diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2) in WT mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	297-376
26268732-6	2015	Consistent with these, expression levels of phosphorylated AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 were also increased in WT mice after ALA addition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	122-125	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	59-69
26268732-6	2015	Consistent with these, expression levels of phosphorylated AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 were also increased in WT mice after ALA addition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	122-125	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	74-84
26268732-9	2015	Our results suggest that AMPK is indispensable for the effects of ALA on intestinal lipid oxidation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	66-69	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	25-29
26282560-0	2015	alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, alone and combined with trastuzumab, reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell growth but differentially regulate HER2 signaling pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
26282560-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Together these data suggest that, while both ALA and its DHA metabolite can reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer growth with and without TRAS, they demonstrate for the first time that DHA is responsible for the effects of ALA-rich diets on HER2 signaling pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	257-261
26282560-0	2015	alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, alone and combined with trastuzumab, reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell growth but differentially regulate HER2 signaling pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
26282560-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Diets rich in the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) have been shown to reduce breast tumor growth, enhance the effectiveness of the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (TRAS) and reduce HER2 signaling in mouse models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	152-156
26282560-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Diets rich in the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) have been shown to reduce breast tumor growth, enhance the effectiveness of the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (TRAS) and reduce HER2 signaling in mouse models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	201-205
26282560-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Diets rich in the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) have been shown to reduce breast tumor growth, enhance the effectiveness of the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (TRAS) and reduce HER2 signaling in mouse models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	152-156
26282560-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Diets rich in the n-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) have been shown to reduce breast tumor growth, enhance the effectiveness of the HER2-targeted drug trastuzumab (TRAS) and reduce HER2 signaling in mouse models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	201-205
26282560-3	2015	METHODS: The ability of HER2-overexpressing BT-474 human breast cancer cells to convert ALA to long-chain n-3 fatty acids was determined by measurement of phospholipid fatty acids by gas chromatography following treatment with 100 muM ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	88-91	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
26282560-3	2015	METHODS: The ability of HER2-overexpressing BT-474 human breast cancer cells to convert ALA to long-chain n-3 fatty acids was determined by measurement of phospholipid fatty acids by gas chromatography following treatment with 100 muM ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	88-91	latexin	Homo sapiens	231-234
26282560-3	2015	METHODS: The ability of HER2-overexpressing BT-474 human breast cancer cells to convert ALA to long-chain n-3 fatty acids was determined by measurement of phospholipid fatty acids by gas chromatography following treatment with 100 muM ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	235-238	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
26282560-8	2015	ALA and DHA showed opposite effects on Akt and MAPK phosphorylation; ALA increased and DHA decreased phosphorylation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
26282560-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Together these data suggest that, while both ALA and its DHA metabolite can reduce HER2-overexpressing breast cancer growth with and without TRAS, they demonstrate for the first time that DHA is responsible for the effects of ALA-rich diets on HER2 signaling pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
26247968-0	2015	Modification of Docosahexaenoic Acid Composition of Milk from Nursing Women Who Received Alpha Linolenic Acid from Chia Oil during Gestation and Nursing.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-109	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	115-119
26247968-3	2015	Chia oil extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a plant native to some Latin American countries, is high in ALA (up to 60%) and thereby is an alternative to provide ALA with the aim to reduce DHA deficits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
26247968-3	2015	Chia oil extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a plant native to some Latin American countries, is high in ALA (up to 60%) and thereby is an alternative to provide ALA with the aim to reduce DHA deficits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	24-28
26247968-3	2015	Chia oil extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a plant native to some Latin American countries, is high in ALA (up to 60%) and thereby is an alternative to provide ALA with the aim to reduce DHA deficits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	169-172	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
26247968-3	2015	Chia oil extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a plant native to some Latin American countries, is high in ALA (up to 60%) and thereby is an alternative to provide ALA with the aim to reduce DHA deficits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	169-172	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	24-28
26247968-7	2015	The chia group, compared to the control group, showed (i) a significant increase in ALA ingestion and a significant reduction of linoleic acid (LA) ingestion, no showing modification of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA; (ii) a significant increase of erythrocyte ALA and EPA and a reduction of LA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	4-8
26247968-7	2015	The chia group, compared to the control group, showed (i) a significant increase in ALA ingestion and a significant reduction of linoleic acid (LA) ingestion, no showing modification of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA; (ii) a significant increase of erythrocyte ALA and EPA and a reduction of LA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	289-292	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	4-8
25715790-8	2015	Analysis of apoptosis-related genes in oocytes after IVM revealed lesser transcript abundances for Bax gene, and higher transcript abundances for Bcl-2 gene in ALA-treated oocytes as compared with the control oocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	160-163	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	146-151
25109672-0	2015	Maternal supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid in normal and protein-restricted diets modulate lipid metabolism, adipose tissue growth and leptin levels in the suckling offspring.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-48	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	141-147
25109672-8	2015	Serum leptin levels and relative WAT weights were lower (p < 0.01) in the pups of the ALA-supplemented normal and protein-deficient dams.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-92	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	6-12
25109672-9	2015	CONCLUSION: Maternal supplementation of ALA in normal and protein-restricted diets modulates n-3 PUFA levels, cholesterol, leptin levels and also adipose growth in the suckling offspring.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
26601489-3	2015	The development of a method for identifying FAD3 alleles, which control the level of linolenic acid in rapeseed oil, as well as of the design for new dCAPS markers, enabled the identification of plants homozygous for individual FAD3A and/or FAD3C genes in the F2-generation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-99	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Brassica napus	44-48
26005911-9	2015	In HCT116 and HT-29 cells, the alphaLA-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was partially inhibited by pretreatment with EGTA, phospholipase C inhibitor edelfosine, cADPR inhibitors 8-bro-cADPR or DAB, and abolished by pretreatment with Ca(2+)ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, but was not affected by Gi/o protein inhibitor PTX or IP3R inhibitor 2-APB.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-38	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	318-322
25933493-0	2015	Supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid improves serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	55-66
25933493-0	2015	Supplementation of alpha-linolenic acid improves serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
25933493-11	2015	In the ALA group, adiponectin was positively correlated with GIR (r = 0.76; P = 0.01) and M/FFM (r = 0.62; P = 0.06), and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = -0.61; P = 0.03).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	7-10	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	18-29
25740179-5	2015	In respect to fatty acids, PUFA were prevalent with the great contribution of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids among the different 32 detected fatty acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-112	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	27-31
25988762-7	2015	Chia seed oil supplementation compared to water alone in overnight fasted runners before and during prolonged, intensive running caused an elevation in plasma ALA, but did not enhance run time to exhaustion, alter RER, or counter elevations in cortisol and inflammatory outcome measures.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	159-162	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
25920465-5	2015	We now show that injection of three sequential doses of alpha-linolenic acid after soman exposure increases the endogenous expression of mature BDNF, activates Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), increases neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, increases retention latency in the passive avoidance task and increases animal survival.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-76	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	144-148
25920465-5	2015	We now show that injection of three sequential doses of alpha-linolenic acid after soman exposure increases the endogenous expression of mature BDNF, activates Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), increases neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, increases retention latency in the passive avoidance task and increases animal survival.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-76	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
25920465-5	2015	We now show that injection of three sequential doses of alpha-linolenic acid after soman exposure increases the endogenous expression of mature BDNF, activates Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), increases neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, increases retention latency in the passive avoidance task and increases animal survival.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-76	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	213-219
25920465-7	2015	Administration of the inhibitor of mTORC1, rapamycin, blocked the alpha-linolenic acid-induced neurogenesis and the enhanced retention latency but did not affect animal survival.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	66-86	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	35-41
25920465-8	2015	Our results suggest that alpha-linolenic acid induces a long-lasting neurorestorative effect that involves activation of mTORC1 possibly via a BDNF-TrkB-mediated mechanism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-45	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	121-127
25920465-8	2015	Our results suggest that alpha-linolenic acid induces a long-lasting neurorestorative effect that involves activation of mTORC1 possibly via a BDNF-TrkB-mediated mechanism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-45	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	143-147
25920465-8	2015	Our results suggest that alpha-linolenic acid induces a long-lasting neurorestorative effect that involves activation of mTORC1 possibly via a BDNF-TrkB-mediated mechanism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-45	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
25981324-7	2015	Furthermore, the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid (EPA/ALA), which reflects Delta5 desaturase activity, was markedly decreased in T2DM patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-68	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	101-112
28962422-9	2015	alpha-LA suppressed the expression of both ROS and 8-OHdG, simultaneously reversed 1,4-BQ-induced STAT3 hypomethylation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-8	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	98-103
26051035-4	2015	Recent studies with oil bodies from senescent Arabidopsis thaliana leaves identified two enzymes, peroxygenase (CLO3) and alpha-dioxygenase (alpha-DOX), which together catalyze a coupling reaction to produce an antifungal compound (2-hydroxy-octadecanoic acid) from alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	266-286	alpha dioxygenase	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-139
25496415-1	2014	BACKGROUND: There is a metabolic pathway by which mammals can convert the omega-3 (n-3) essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-129	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	194-198
25687496-1	2015	This paper presents a systematic review of human studies investigating the effect of altering dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) intakes on n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) status in adult humans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-168	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	142-146
25598214-7	2015	We demonstrate that ACBP deficiency alters the central LCFA-CoA profile and impairs unsaturated (oleate, linolenate) but not saturated (palmitate, stearate) LCFA metabolic fluxes in hypothalamic slices and astrocyte cultures.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	105-115	diazepam binding inhibitor	Mus musculus	20-24
25774202-6	2015	RESULTS: Our results showed an elevated serum adiponectin level and a decreased leptin and insulin level in WT mice fed HFD with ALA when compared with WT mice fed HFD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	129-132	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	46-57
25774202-10	2015	Moreover, lipogenesis was repressed by dietary ALA, indicated by that expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were decreased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	84-103
25774202-10	2015	Moreover, lipogenesis was repressed by dietary ALA, indicated by that expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were decreased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	105-108
25774202-10	2015	Moreover, lipogenesis was repressed by dietary ALA, indicated by that expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were decreased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	144-169
25774202-10	2015	Moreover, lipogenesis was repressed by dietary ALA, indicated by that expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) were decreased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	171-175
25774202-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ALA could improve adipose tissue function and its anti-adipogenic effects are dependent on AMPK.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	129-133
25573539-2	2015	Limited epidemiological and animal data suggest that flavonoids, and specifically anthocyanins, may increase EPA and DHA levels, potentially by increasing their synthesis from the shorter-chain n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	198-202
25889505-7	2015	ALA, DHA and EPA decreased Delta6 and SCD1 desaturase activities about 30%.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	38-42
25889505-9	2015	omega3 fatty acids reduce IR, ALA halts lipid accumulation whereas DHA and EPA only blunt it.ALA and DHA restore the increased SCD1 to normal.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	127-131
25585167-9	2015	In conclusion, our investigation indicates that UHR patients with higher levels of ALA may specifically benefit from omega-3 PUFA supplementation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-86	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	125-129
26788914-8	2015	Notably, Per3 was upregulated by ALA, whereas it was downregulated by SFA, compared to control diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-36	period circadian clock 3	Mus musculus	9-13
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	36-53
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	55-57
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	60-81
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	83-85
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	88-128
26134471-2	2015	Variation in cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and estrogen (E2) levels may alter ALA effectiveness.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-175	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
25764319-5	2015	Remarkably, senescent leaves develop oil bodies and accumulate alpha-dioxygenase1 (alpha-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3) on the oil-body membrane, which catalyze the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to the phytoalexin 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	175-195	Peroxidase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-81
25764319-5	2015	Remarkably, senescent leaves develop oil bodies and accumulate alpha-dioxygenase1 (alpha-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3) on the oil-body membrane, which catalyze the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to the phytoalexin 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	175-195	Peroxidase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-93
25764319-5	2015	Remarkably, senescent leaves develop oil bodies and accumulate alpha-dioxygenase1 (alpha-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3) on the oil-body membrane, which catalyze the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to the phytoalexin 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	175-195	Caleosin-related family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-108
25764319-5	2015	Remarkably, senescent leaves develop oil bodies and accumulate alpha-dioxygenase1 (alpha-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3) on the oil-body membrane, which catalyze the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to the phytoalexin 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	175-195	Caleosin-related family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	110-114
25496415-1	2014	BACKGROUND: There is a metabolic pathway by which mammals can convert the omega-3 (n-3) essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into longer-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	131-134	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	194-198
25496415-2	2014	As far as we know there are currently no studies that have specifically examined sex differences in the LC n-3 PUFA response to increased dietary ALA intake in humans, although acute studies with isotope-labelled ALA identified that women have a significantly greater capacity to synthesise EPA and DHA from ALA compared to men.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	146-149	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	111-115
25139230-5	2014	Transgenic over-expression of a fatty acid desaturase (fad3C) gene of soybean driven by 2S albumin promoter resulted in seed-specific enhanced level of alpha-linolenic acid in sesame.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-172	microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	55-60
25914592-6	2014	Microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) is responsible for the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-104	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	0-40
25914592-6	2014	Microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) is responsible for the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-104	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	42-46
25089794-4	2014	Data showed positive effects of n-3 PUFA on muscle fatty acid composition: ALA+137%, EPA+188%, DPA+51% and DHA+12%.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-78	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	36-40
24919766-5	2014	RESULTS: The most potent and selective GPR120 agonist tested was ALA (half maximum effective concentration 1.2 x 10(-8) mol/l) with a maximum stimulation of insulin secretion of 53% at 10(-4) mol/l (p < 0.001) in BRIN-BD11 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	free fatty acid receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
25139230-5	2014	Transgenic over-expression of a fatty acid desaturase (fad3C) gene of soybean driven by 2S albumin promoter resulted in seed-specific enhanced level of alpha-linolenic acid in sesame.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-172	2S seed storage albumin protein	Glycine max	88-98
25122651-5	2014	In placentas from the Fabp3-knockout mice (both sexes), the transport coefficients for linoleic acid (LA) were significantly reduced compared with those from wild-type mice by 25% and 44% at embryonic day (E) 15.5 and E18.5, respectively, whereas those for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were reduced by 19% and 17%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	257-277	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	22-27
25129649-0	2014	Alpha linolenic acid and oleic acid additively down-regulate malignant potential and positively cross-regulate AMPK/S6 axis in OE19 and OE33 esophageal cancer cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
25129649-7	2014	Also, we observed that OA and/or ALA positively cross-regulates the expression levels of AMPK/S6 axis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-36	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
25129649-8	2014	Moreover, OA and ALA up-regulated tumor suppressor genes (p53, p21, and p27) and these effects are abolished by AMPK siRNA administration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	58-61
25129649-8	2014	Moreover, OA and ALA up-regulated tumor suppressor genes (p53, p21, and p27) and these effects are abolished by AMPK siRNA administration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	63-66
25129649-8	2014	Moreover, OA and ALA up-regulated tumor suppressor genes (p53, p21, and p27) and these effects are abolished by AMPK siRNA administration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	72-75
25129649-8	2014	Moreover, OA and ALA up-regulated tumor suppressor genes (p53, p21, and p27) and these effects are abolished by AMPK siRNA administration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
25180479-5	2014	The serum concentration of YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein 39 or chitinase-3-like protein 1) decreased after the ALA diet when compared with the control diet (P< 0 05 for time x treatment interaction).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	118-121	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
25180479-5	2014	The serum concentration of YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein 39 or chitinase-3-like protein 1) decreased after the ALA diet when compared with the control diet (P< 0 05 for time x treatment interaction).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	118-121	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	41-66
25180479-5	2014	The serum concentration of YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein 39 or chitinase-3-like protein 1) decreased after the ALA diet when compared with the control diet (P< 0 05 for time x treatment interaction).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	118-121	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	70-96
25180479-9	2014	The high ALA intake led to a more pronounced reduction in the serum concentration of YKL-40 compared with the intake of the low-ALA control diet, indicating the existence of independent favourable physiological effects of ALA during weight loss.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
25180479-9	2014	The high ALA intake led to a more pronounced reduction in the serum concentration of YKL-40 compared with the intake of the low-ALA control diet, indicating the existence of independent favourable physiological effects of ALA during weight loss.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	128-131	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
25180479-9	2014	The high ALA intake led to a more pronounced reduction in the serum concentration of YKL-40 compared with the intake of the low-ALA control diet, indicating the existence of independent favourable physiological effects of ALA during weight loss.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	128-131	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
24972532-5	2014	PNPLA3 (I148M) minor allele carriers had an increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) alpha-linolenic acid content and reductions in several n-6 PUFAs in the liver TAG fraction.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	92-112	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
24972532-7	2014	In a multivariate model including liver fat content, PNPLA3 genotype and fatty acid composition, two significant differences could be exclusively attributed to the PNPLA3 (I148M) minor allele: reduced stearic acid and increased alpha-linolenic acid content in the hepatic TAG fraction.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	228-248	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	164-170
25122651-5	2014	In placentas from the Fabp3-knockout mice (both sexes), the transport coefficients for linoleic acid (LA) were significantly reduced compared with those from wild-type mice by 25% and 44% at embryonic day (E) 15.5 and E18.5, respectively, whereas those for alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) were reduced by 19% and 17%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	279-282	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	22-27
25122651-6	2014	The accumulation of LA (18% and 27% at E15.5 and E18.5) and ALA (16% at E15.5) was also significantly less in the Fabp3-knockout fetuses than in wild-type fetuses.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart	Mus musculus	114-119
25122651-8	2014	Incorporation of LA (51% and 52% at 1 and 60 min, respectively) and ALA (23% at 60 min), but not PA, was significantly less in FABP3-knockdown BeWo cells than in controls, whereas glucose uptake was significantly upregulated by 51%, 50%, 31%, and 33% at 1, 20, 40, and 60 min, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	fatty acid binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	127-132
25255382-6	2014	There was a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma gene expression and downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in the ST muscle for the high alpha-linolenic acid group compared with the low alpha-linolenic acid group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-201	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Capra hircus	54-63
25252789-6	2014	In addition, the thrombosis on A-V bypass and platelet aggregation of rats will be reduced after treated with ALA or its mixture, and the expression level of Akt and PI3K protein decreased 26% and 31%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	110-113	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
25252789-7	2014	CONCLUSIONS: We designed and optimized a very simple and high-yield procedure to isolate ALA and linoleic acid mixture from seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and demonstrated that such mixture can obtain a good anti-thrombotic effect through the modulation of PI3K/Akt signaling.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	268-271
25255382-6	2014	There was a significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma gene expression and downregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene in the ST muscle for the high alpha-linolenic acid group compared with the low alpha-linolenic acid group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-201	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	68-77
25255382-7	2014	The results of the present study show that flaxseed oil as a source of alpha-linolenic acid can be incorporated into the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with n-3 fatty acids, upregulate the PPARalpha and PPARgamma, and downregulate the SCD gene expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-91	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Capra hircus	193-202
25255382-7	2014	The results of the present study show that flaxseed oil as a source of alpha-linolenic acid can be incorporated into the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with n-3 fatty acids, upregulate the PPARalpha and PPARgamma, and downregulate the SCD gene expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-91	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	207-216
24964401-1	2014	The intake of the mainly plant-derived n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of CHD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-68	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
24964401-1	2014	The intake of the mainly plant-derived n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been reported to be associated with a lower risk of CHD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	70-73	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	43-47
24467527-4	2014	Our data showed that thf1 had higher levels of basal alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LeA), and methyl jasmonate (JA)-induced alpha-LeA and 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) than the wild type (WT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	53-73	photosystem II reaction center PSB29 protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
25019675-5	2014	The main component of CSE, linolenic acid, was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-41	choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity)	Homo sapiens	22-25
24467527-4	2014	Our data showed that thf1 had higher levels of basal alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LeA), and methyl jasmonate (JA)-induced alpha-LeA and 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) than the wild type (WT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-130	photosystem II reaction center PSB29 protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
25008580-7	2014	A borderline interaction was observed between the alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3)-to-linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) intake ratio and FADS1 genotype on CVD incidence (P = 0.06).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	136-141
25008580-9	2014	When excluding participants reporting unstable food habits in the past (35%), the interaction between the ALA-to-LA intake ratio and FADS1 genotype on CVD incidence was strengthened and statistically significant (P = 0.04).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-109	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
25056921-3	2014	Accordingly, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing RD20 accumulate the product 13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid, a linolenate-derived hydroxide.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	142-152	Caleosin-related family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-74
25167929-0	2014	Development and characterization of low alpha-linolenic acid Brassica oleracea lines bearing a novel mutation in a "class a" FATTY ACID DESATURASE 3 gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-60	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Brassica napus	125-148
25167929-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Given the additive nature of FAD3 mutations on ALA content and the ease with which B. napus can be re-synthesized from its progenitor species, the mutant isolated here has the potential to be used for the future development of B. napus cultivars exhibiting further reductions in ALA content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Brassica napus	42-46
24866706-7	2014	Mecp2 DNA methylation was decreased by maternal ALA deficiency during gestation, with a more robust effect in the lactation-deficient group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	0-5
24866706-11	2014	The Mecp2 epigenetic status was correlated with ALA availability during gestation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	methyl CpG binding protein 2	Mus musculus	4-9
24467527-4	2014	Our data showed that thf1 had higher levels of basal alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LeA), and methyl jasmonate (JA)-induced alpha-LeA and 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) than the wild type (WT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-84	photosystem II reaction center PSB29 protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
24919687-3	2014	In most animals, the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids (ELOVL) enzyme ELOVL2 is essential for conversion of dietary ALA to DHA because only ELOVL2 and not ELOVL5 can elongate docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n-3) to 24:5n-3, the precursor of DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-127	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2	Meleagris gallopavo	78-84
24094087-10	2014	An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-6	ribosomal protein S6	Gallus gallus	147-167
24438755-0	2014	Whole-body retention of alpha-linolenic acid and its apparent conversion to other n-3 PUFA in growing pigs are reduced with the duration of feeding alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	86-90
24438755-0	2014	Whole-body retention of alpha-linolenic acid and its apparent conversion to other n-3 PUFA in growing pigs are reduced with the duration of feeding alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-168	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	86-90
24639012-0	2014	Anti-inflammatory potential of alpha-linolenic acid mediated through selective COX inhibition: computational and experimental data.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-51	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-69
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-95
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	109-123
24639012-2	2014	The binding affinity of ALA and LA was appraised for cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) using AutoDock 4.2 and AutoDock Vina 1.1.2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	lysyl oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
24639012-9	2014	Following CFA-induced arthritis, ALA and LA were tested for their inhibitory proficiency against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX in vitro.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-36	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
24639012-10	2014	The present study commends that the anti-inflammatory potential of ALA could be attributed to COX inhibition, in particular, COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
24639012-10	2014	The present study commends that the anti-inflammatory potential of ALA could be attributed to COX inhibition, in particular, COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
24740000-6	2014	In addition, we found that targeting of BnACBP to the endoplasmic reticulum resulted in FA compositional changes that were similar to those seen in lines expressing cytosolic BnACBP, with the most prominent exception being a relative reduction in alpha-linolenic acid (18:3cisDelta9,12,15) in both the acyl-CoA pool and seed oil of the former (48.4%-48.9% and 5.3%-10.4%, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	247-267	acyl-CoA-binding protein	Brassica napus	40-46
24842322-2	2014	Two desaturase steps (Delta6, encoded by FADS2 and Delta5, encoded by FADS1) are rate limiting in the conversion of dietary essential 18 carbon PUFAs (18C-PUFAs) such as LA (18:2, n-6) to AA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3) to EPA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	195-215	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
24842322-2	2014	Two desaturase steps (Delta6, encoded by FADS2 and Delta5, encoded by FADS1) are rate limiting in the conversion of dietary essential 18 carbon PUFAs (18C-PUFAs) such as LA (18:2, n-6) to AA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3) to EPA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	195-215	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
24842322-2	2014	Two desaturase steps (Delta6, encoded by FADS2 and Delta5, encoded by FADS1) are rate limiting in the conversion of dietary essential 18 carbon PUFAs (18C-PUFAs) such as LA (18:2, n-6) to AA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3) to EPA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	217-220	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	41-46
24842322-2	2014	Two desaturase steps (Delta6, encoded by FADS2 and Delta5, encoded by FADS1) are rate limiting in the conversion of dietary essential 18 carbon PUFAs (18C-PUFAs) such as LA (18:2, n-6) to AA and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3) to EPA and DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	217-220	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
24524826-2	2014	alpha-Linolenic acid-low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate polymers(alpha-LNA-LMCS) were successfully synthesized, and characterized by FTIR, (1)HNMR, TGA/DSC, TEM, laser light scattering and zeta potential.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	tenomodulin	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
24005871-1	2014	PURPOSE: There is an increased interest in the benefits of conjugated alpha-linolenic acid (CLNA) on obesity-related complications such as insulin resistance and diabetes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	70-90	insulin	Sus scrofa	139-146
24094087-10	2014	An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-6	insulin	Gallus gallus	33-40
24094087-10	2014	An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-6	insulin	Gallus gallus	96-103
24094087-10	2014	An ALA-enriched diet may improve insulin sensitivity in muscles, with greater activation of the insulin-induced 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase/ribosomal protein S6 pathway involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins, thereby potentially increasing muscle protein synthesis and growth.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-6	ribosomal protein S6	Gallus gallus	119-139
24101555-4	2014	Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with alpha-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-gamma, CEBP-alpha, LPL, and resistin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-62	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	113-123
24322369-2	2014	RECENT FINDINGS: The DNA methylation status of the Fads2 promoter was increased in the liver of the offspring of mice fed an alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet during pregnancy.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-145	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	51-56
24101555-4	2014	Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with alpha-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-gamma, CEBP-alpha, LPL, and resistin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-62	CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha	Capra hircus	125-135
24101555-4	2014	Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with alpha-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-gamma, CEBP-alpha, LPL, and resistin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-62	lipoprotein lipase	Capra hircus	137-140
24360505-6	2014	Dietary ALA depletion led to significant reductions in frontal cortex docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition in DEF (-26%, p = 0.0001) and DEF + FLX (-32%, p = 0.0001) rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
24360505-6	2014	Dietary ALA depletion led to significant reductions in frontal cortex docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition in DEF (-26%, p = 0.0001) and DEF + FLX (-32%, p = 0.0001) rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
23796520-5	2013	Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the isolated JcFAD2 and JcFAD3 proteins could catalyze LA and ALA synthesis, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	154-157	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Jatropha curcas	116-122
24520357-3	2014	Subsequently we investigated the effect of GPR120 receptor stimulation with the long chain fatty acid alpha linolenic acid (ALA) on GLP-1 secretion in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	102-122	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
24520357-3	2014	Subsequently we investigated the effect of GPR120 receptor stimulation with the long chain fatty acid alpha linolenic acid (ALA) on GLP-1 secretion in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-127	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
24239485-4	2014	Cell stimulation with docosahexaenoic acid or alpha-linolenic acid induced concentration-dependent increases in intracellular calcium and GPR120 phosphorylation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	138-144
24214535-8	2014	alpha-DOX1 catalyzes the reaction from alpha-linolenic acid (a major fatty acid component of oil bodies) to an unstable compound, 2-hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HPOT).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-59	Peroxidase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-10
24214535-9	2014	Intriguingly, a combination of alpha-DOX1 and CLO3 produced a stable compound, 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT), from alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-145	Peroxidase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-41
24214535-9	2014	Intriguingly, a combination of alpha-DOX1 and CLO3 produced a stable compound, 2-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid (2-HOT), from alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-145	Caleosin-related family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
24042018-3	2013	The present study has been carried out to investigate (i) the potential anti-apoptotic effects induced by the n-3 polyunsaturated alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in experimental models of cardiac diseases characterized by high levels of TNF, and (ii) the potential role of caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in the mechanisms involved in this process.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-155	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	232-235
24042018-3	2013	The present study has been carried out to investigate (i) the potential anti-apoptotic effects induced by the n-3 polyunsaturated alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in experimental models of cardiac diseases characterized by high levels of TNF, and (ii) the potential role of caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in the mechanisms involved in this process.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-155	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	268-278
24042018-3	2013	The present study has been carried out to investigate (i) the potential anti-apoptotic effects induced by the n-3 polyunsaturated alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in experimental models of cardiac diseases characterized by high levels of TNF, and (ii) the potential role of caveolin-3 (Cav-3) in the mechanisms involved in this process.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-155	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	280-285
24042018-6	2013	ALA pre-treatment greatly enhanced Cav-3 expression hampering the internalization of the caveolar TNF receptor and, thus, determining the abortion of the apoptotic vs. survival cascade.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	35-40
24042018-6	2013	ALA pre-treatment greatly enhanced Cav-3 expression hampering the internalization of the caveolar TNF receptor and, thus, determining the abortion of the apoptotic vs. survival cascade.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-101
23269653-7	2013	The addition of ALA or DHA/EPA into the diet resulted in a protection against fructose effects except for the decreased expression of PPARs in the liver that was not counterbalanced by n-3 PUFA suggesting that n-3 PUFA and fructose act independently on the expression of PPARs and PGC1 alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-19	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	281-291
24126178-11	2013	Circulating alpha-linolenic acid levels correlated with SBP and DBP, and lignan levels correlated with changes in DBP.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-32	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
24240437-7	2014	Adjusting for HLA, diabetes family history, ethnicity, energy intake and questionnaire type, ALA intake was significantly more protective for IA in the presence of an increasing number of minor alleles at FADS1 rs174556 (pinteraction = 0.017), at FADS2 rs174570 (pinteraction = 0.016) and at FADS2 rs174583 (pinteraction = 0.045).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	205-210
24240437-7	2014	Adjusting for HLA, diabetes family history, ethnicity, energy intake and questionnaire type, ALA intake was significantly more protective for IA in the presence of an increasing number of minor alleles at FADS1 rs174556 (pinteraction = 0.017), at FADS2 rs174570 (pinteraction = 0.016) and at FADS2 rs174583 (pinteraction = 0.045).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	247-252
24240437-7	2014	Adjusting for HLA, diabetes family history, ethnicity, energy intake and questionnaire type, ALA intake was significantly more protective for IA in the presence of an increasing number of minor alleles at FADS1 rs174556 (pinteraction = 0.017), at FADS2 rs174570 (pinteraction = 0.016) and at FADS2 rs174583 (pinteraction = 0.045).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	292-297
24368335-2	2014	The fad3-2 mutant with impaired alpha-linolenic acid synthesis developed significantly smaller crown galls under normal, but not under high, relative humidity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-52	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
24222669-5	2014	Addition of GW-9508 (a GPR120 chemical agonist) and alpha-linolenic acid (a natural ligand for GPR120) inhibited the secretion of ghrelin by ~50 and 70%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	free fatty acid receptor 4	Mus musculus	95-101
24222669-5	2014	Addition of GW-9508 (a GPR120 chemical agonist) and alpha-linolenic acid (a natural ligand for GPR120) inhibited the secretion of ghrelin by ~50 and 70%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	ghrelin	Mus musculus	130-137
24616824-6	2014	ALP was able to reduce oxidative damage by scavenging lipid peroxidation against erythrocyte ghost (85.50 +- 6.25%), linolenic acid (87.67 +- 3.14%) at 4.33  mu M, ABTS anion (88 +- 3.22%), and DNA damage (83 +- 4.20%) at 3.44  mu M in a dose-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-131	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
24349086-0	2013	Effect of alpha linolenic acid supplementation on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA): results from the alpha omega trial.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-30	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	56-81
24349086-0	2013	Effect of alpha linolenic acid supplementation on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA): results from the alpha omega trial.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-30	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	83-86
24349086-3	2013	We examined the effect of ALA supplementation on serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker for prostate cancer.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	73-104
24349086-8	2013	T-tests and logistic regression were used to assess the effects of ALA supplementation on changes in serum PSA (both continuously and as a dichotomous outcome, cut-off point: >4 ng/mL).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	107-110
24349086-9	2013	FINDINGS: Mean serum PSA increased by 0.42 ng/mL on placebo (n = 815) and by 0.52 ng/mL on ALA (n = 807), a difference of 0.10 (95% confidence interval: -0.02 to 0.22) ng/mL (P = 0 12).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-94	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
24349086-10	2013	The odds ratio for PSA rising above 4 ng/mL on ALA versus placebo was 1.15 (95% CI: 0.84-1.58).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	19-22
24349086-11	2013	INTERPRETATION: An additional amount of 2 g of ALA per day increased PSA by 0.10 ng/mL, but the confidence interval ranged from -0.02 to 0.22 ng/mL and included no effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	69-72
23138267-0	2013	alpha-Linolenic acid suppresses cholesterol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway by suppressing SREBP-2, SREBP-1a and -1c expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	sterol regulatory element binding factor 2	Mus musculus	100-107
23138267-0	2013	alpha-Linolenic acid suppresses cholesterol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis pathway by suppressing SREBP-2, SREBP-1a and -1c expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	109-125
23138267-5	2013	Furthermore, ALA significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2, SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	sterol regulatory element binding factor 2	Mus musculus	108-116
23138267-5	2013	Furthermore, ALA significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2, SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	118-126
23138267-5	2013	Furthermore, ALA significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2, SREBP-1a, SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	128-136
23138267-6	2013	On the other hand, the average levels of the gene expressions of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT-1a) and leptin in 300 muM ALA treatment were increased by 1.7- and 2.9-fold, respectively, followed by an increase in the intracellular ATP content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-133	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	100-106
24184455-0	2013	A mutant of the Arabidopsis thaliana TOC159 gene accumulates reduced levels of linolenic acid and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-93	translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts 159	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-43
24088297-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Dietary supplementation with botanical oils that contain n-6 and n-3 eighteen carbon chain (18C)-PUFA such as gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) have been shown to impact PUFA metabolism, alter inflammatory processes including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and improve inflammatory disorders.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	195-215	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	109-113
24088297-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Dietary supplementation with botanical oils that contain n-6 and n-3 eighteen carbon chain (18C)-PUFA such as gamma linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) have been shown to impact PUFA metabolism, alter inflammatory processes including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and improve inflammatory disorders.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	217-220	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	109-113
23414551-2	2013	Delta6-Desaturase (D6D) and Delta5-desaturase (D5D) are involved in the metabolism of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid to polyunsaturated metabolites.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-119	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	6-17
24120388-3	2013	Hence, the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid, on oxidative stress, inflammatory indices and production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy indices in vivo was studied.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	134-168
24120388-5	2013	RESULTS: STZ-induced diabetic rats had significantly higher levels of VEGF in the serum and retina and IL-6 in the serum, whereas BDNF was lower in the serum, all of which reverted to near normal in ALA-treated diabetic animals.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	199-202	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
24120388-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: STZ-induced changes in serum glutathione peroxidase, BDNF, VEGF and IL-6 that reverted to near control by ALA treatment, especially in ALA + STZ group, lending support to the concept that both oxidative stress and inflammation participate in DR and ALA treatment is of benefit in its prevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
24120388-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: STZ-induced changes in serum glutathione peroxidase, BDNF, VEGF and IL-6 that reverted to near control by ALA treatment, especially in ALA + STZ group, lending support to the concept that both oxidative stress and inflammation participate in DR and ALA treatment is of benefit in its prevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
24120388-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: STZ-induced changes in serum glutathione peroxidase, BDNF, VEGF and IL-6 that reverted to near control by ALA treatment, especially in ALA + STZ group, lending support to the concept that both oxidative stress and inflammation participate in DR and ALA treatment is of benefit in its prevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-151	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
24120388-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: STZ-induced changes in serum glutathione peroxidase, BDNF, VEGF and IL-6 that reverted to near control by ALA treatment, especially in ALA + STZ group, lending support to the concept that both oxidative stress and inflammation participate in DR and ALA treatment is of benefit in its prevention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-151	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
23896563-7	2013	Co-treatment with ALA significantly eliminated these changes induced by DOX except further reduction of Keap1 and elevation of Nrf2 and SOD mRNA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
23896563-7	2013	Co-treatment with ALA significantly eliminated these changes induced by DOX except further reduction of Keap1 and elevation of Nrf2 and SOD mRNA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
23414551-2	2013	Delta6-Desaturase (D6D) and Delta5-desaturase (D5D) are involved in the metabolism of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid to polyunsaturated metabolites.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-119	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	19-22
23414551-2	2013	Delta6-Desaturase (D6D) and Delta5-desaturase (D5D) are involved in the metabolism of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid to polyunsaturated metabolites.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-119	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	34-45
23801636-0	2013	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the platelet count in ApoE-/- mice by reducing clearance.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	61-65
23933981-11	2013	The severity of EAE was attenuated in mice given the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug riluzole or fed a diet enriched with linseed oil (which contains the TREK-1 activating omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	194-214	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	157-163
22463497-8	2013	The effect of ALA intake on n-3 LC PUFA was suppressed by LA intake.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	35-39
23757205-5	2013	(a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) production was the lowest in MC3T3-L1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	64-92
23757205-5	2013	(a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) production was the lowest in MC3T3-L1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	insulin-like growth factor 1	Mus musculus	94-99
23757205-5	2013	(a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) production was the lowest in MC3T3-L1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	105-126
23757205-5	2013	(a) The optimal effect was found at the 4:1 LNA:ALA ratio where insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) production was the lowest in MC3T3-L1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3	Mus musculus	128-135
23995083-2	2013	The synthesis of ALA is highly responsive to the level of fatty acid desaturase3 (FAD3) expression, which is strongly upregulated during embryogenesis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-80
23995083-2	2013	The synthesis of ALA is highly responsive to the level of fatty acid desaturase3 (FAD3) expression, which is strongly upregulated during embryogenesis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-86
23995083-7	2013	We conclude that a transcriptional complex containing L1L, NF-YC2, and bZIP67 is induced by LEC1 during embryogenesis and specifies high levels of ALA production for storage oil by activating FAD3 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	nuclear factor Y, subunit B6	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-57
23995083-7	2013	We conclude that a transcriptional complex containing L1L, NF-YC2, and bZIP67 is induced by LEC1 during embryogenesis and specifies high levels of ALA production for storage oil by activating FAD3 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	nuclear factor Y, subunit C2	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-65
23995083-7	2013	We conclude that a transcriptional complex containing L1L, NF-YC2, and bZIP67 is induced by LEC1 during embryogenesis and specifies high levels of ALA production for storage oil by activating FAD3 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	Histone superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-96
23995083-7	2013	We conclude that a transcriptional complex containing L1L, NF-YC2, and bZIP67 is induced by LEC1 during embryogenesis and specifies high levels of ALA production for storage oil by activating FAD3 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	192-196
23861910-0	2013	Alpha-linolenic acid exerts an endothelial protective effect against high glucose injury via PI3K/Akt pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
23861910-4	2013	ALA significantly improved concentration-dependent vasorelaxation to ACh in diabetic aortic segments and inhibited endothelial inflammation as evidenced by decreased soluble P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in diabetic rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
23861910-4	2013	ALA significantly improved concentration-dependent vasorelaxation to ACh in diabetic aortic segments and inhibited endothelial inflammation as evidenced by decreased soluble P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in diabetic rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-222
23861910-4	2013	ALA significantly improved concentration-dependent vasorelaxation to ACh in diabetic aortic segments and inhibited endothelial inflammation as evidenced by decreased soluble P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in diabetic rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	224-230
23861910-6	2013	Treatment with ALA (50 micromol/L) increased Akt phosphorylation, attenuated P-selectin and ICAM-1 expressions and thus inhibited neutrophils adhesion in HUVECs exposed to high glucose, all of which was blocked by the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
23861910-6	2013	Treatment with ALA (50 micromol/L) increased Akt phosphorylation, attenuated P-selectin and ICAM-1 expressions and thus inhibited neutrophils adhesion in HUVECs exposed to high glucose, all of which was blocked by the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
23861910-6	2013	Treatment with ALA (50 micromol/L) increased Akt phosphorylation, attenuated P-selectin and ICAM-1 expressions and thus inhibited neutrophils adhesion in HUVECs exposed to high glucose, all of which was blocked by the PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
23861910-8	2013	The anti-adhesive effect of ALA against high glucose injury may partially be mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-31	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
24396573-4	2013	Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARalpha and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-75
24396573-4	2013	Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARalpha and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
24396573-4	2013	Alpha Linolenic Acid (LA), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the PPARalpha and ACAT1 mRNA expression by Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	150-155
23946803-0	2013	alpha-linolenic acid inhibits human renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation through PPAR-gamma activation and COX-2 inhibition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	84-94
23946803-0	2013	alpha-linolenic acid inhibits human renal cell carcinoma cell proliferation through PPAR-gamma activation and COX-2 inhibition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
23946803-4	2013	The activity and gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the OS-RC-2 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR, respectively, following ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	224-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	43-91
23946803-4	2013	The activity and gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the OS-RC-2 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR, respectively, following ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	224-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	93-103
23746194-0	2013	Oils rich in alpha-linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the Delta6-desaturase null mouse.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-33	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	116-127
23946803-5	2013	ALA (20-80 muM) dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of the OS-RC-2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	latexin	Homo sapiens	11-14
23946803-6	2013	PPAR-gamma activity and gene expression were significantly increased by ALA at 20 and 40 muM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
23946803-6	2013	PPAR-gamma activity and gene expression were significantly increased by ALA at 20 and 40 muM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	latexin	Homo sapiens	89-92
23946803-7	2013	COX-2 activity and gene expression levels were significantly decreased by ALA from 20 muM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-77	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
23946803-7	2013	COX-2 activity and gene expression levels were significantly decreased by ALA from 20 muM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-77	latexin	Homo sapiens	86-89
23946803-13	2013	PPAR-gamma activation and COX-2 inhibition serve as two signaling pathways for the inhibitory effects of ALA on RCC cell proliferation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	105-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-10
23946803-13	2013	PPAR-gamma activation and COX-2 inhibition serve as two signaling pathways for the inhibitory effects of ALA on RCC cell proliferation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	105-108	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
23746194-2	2013	Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) initiates the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA to arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	76-79	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	0-18
23746194-2	2013	Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) initiates the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA to arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	76-79	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	20-23
23721366-4	2013	There is a deletion [T/-] in the promoter region of the Delta6 -desaturase gene (FADS2, rs 3834458), which has a direct inhibitory influence on production of PUFA from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-201	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	62-74
23721366-4	2013	There is a deletion [T/-] in the promoter region of the Delta6 -desaturase gene (FADS2, rs 3834458), which has a direct inhibitory influence on production of PUFA from linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-201	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	81-86
22463497-9	2013	Dietary ALA suppressed the concentration of n-6 LC PUFA in blood plasma by more than 50%.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	51-55
24649190-3	2013	However, there is limited knowledge regarding the non-marine omega-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
24649190-3	2013	However, there is limited knowledge regarding the non-marine omega-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
23648351-0	2013	[Alpha-linolenic acid improves insulin sensitivity in obese patients].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	1-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
23148256-1	2013	In spite of the difficulties in delivering PUFA to ruminants, studies have generally indicated that the PUFA of the omega-6 (linoleic acid) and omega-3 [alpha-linolenic acid; eicosapentaenoic (EPA), C20:5 omega-3; docosahexaenoic (DHA), C22:6 omega-3] families are the most beneficial to improving reproduction in cows.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	153-173	PUFA	Bos taurus	104-108
22902330-2	2013	Alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolites including eicosapentaenoic acid and decosahexaenoic acid induced a dramatic decrease in the production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner, as well as mRNA expression of their genes, in activated MC/9 mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	167-171
22902330-2	2013	Alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolites including eicosapentaenoic acid and decosahexaenoic acid induced a dramatic decrease in the production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in a dose-dependent manner, as well as mRNA expression of their genes, in activated MC/9 mast cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	176-181
23579035-6	2013	Hepatic Delta6-desaturase activity was activated with both diets, and Delta5-desaturase activity only with the ALA diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-114	fatty acid desaturase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-87
23403053-6	2013	alpha-Linolenic acid, an endogenous ligand of FFA1, induces GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells and in primary fetal mouse intestinal cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	zinc finger, GATA-like protein 1	Mus musculus	60-65
23370677-7	2013	GLP-2 secretion was enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acid- and monounsaturated fatty acid-rich dietary oils, dietary carbohydrates, and some kinds of sweeteners in rats; this effect was reproduced in NCI-H716 cells using alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA), glucose, and sweeteners.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	222-242	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23370677-7	2013	GLP-2 secretion was enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acid- and monounsaturated fatty acid-rich dietary oils, dietary carbohydrates, and some kinds of sweeteners in rats; this effect was reproduced in NCI-H716 cells using alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA), glucose, and sweeteners.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	244-251	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23402498-4	2013	Likewise conjugated (9E,11E) methyl linoleate (CLA) reacts with 3.3 x 10(7) L mol(-1) s(-1), 30 times more efficient than previously found for methyl alpha-linolenate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	150-166	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	47-50
23648351-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of alpha-linolenic acid on insulin sensitivity in obese patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
23648351-9	2013	CONCLUSION: alpha-linolenic acid increases peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese patients and it may aid the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic vascular diseases.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
23221573-0	2013	Dietary oils and FADS1-FADS2 genetic variants modulate [13C]alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and plasma fatty acid composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-80	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
23221573-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Desaturation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to omega-3 (n-3) long-chain fatty acids (FAs) is mediated through FA desaturases (FADS1-FADS2) and may be influenced by dietary FA composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
23221573-0	2013	Dietary oils and FADS1-FADS2 genetic variants modulate [13C]alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and plasma fatty acid composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-80	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
23221573-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Desaturation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to omega-3 (n-3) long-chain fatty acids (FAs) is mediated through FA desaturases (FADS1-FADS2) and may be influenced by dietary FA composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
23221573-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Desaturation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to omega-3 (n-3) long-chain fatty acids (FAs) is mediated through FA desaturases (FADS1-FADS2) and may be influenced by dietary FA composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	145-150
24011944-12	2013	The HF diet was rich in forages and resulted in greater concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk (0.57 g/100g of FA) than the other systems and thus led to an increase in milk FA supplementary premium.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	73-81	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	85-89
23221573-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Desaturation of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to omega-3 (n-3) long-chain fatty acids (FAs) is mediated through FA desaturases (FADS1-FADS2) and may be influenced by dietary FA composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-61	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
22997227-2	2013	This study describes the association between maternal ALA availability during gestation and lactation, and alterations in the Fads2 DNA methylation in both maternal and offspring livers, at the end of lactation period.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-57	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	126-131
22997227-3	2013	Both Fads2 promoter and intron 1 DNA methylation were increased in the groups receiving postnatal flaxseed oil containing 50% ALA (mothers or pups), while bivariate analysis indicated a significant association of the Fads2 epigenetic status in the liver between each mother and its offspring.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	126-129	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	5-10
22997227-3	2013	Both Fads2 promoter and intron 1 DNA methylation were increased in the groups receiving postnatal flaxseed oil containing 50% ALA (mothers or pups), while bivariate analysis indicated a significant association of the Fads2 epigenetic status in the liver between each mother and its offspring.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	126-129	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	217-222
24011944-12	2013	The HF diet was rich in forages and resulted in greater concentration of C18:3n-3 in milk (0.57 g/100g of FA) than the other systems and thus led to an increase in milk FA supplementary premium.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	73-81	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	164-168
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	306-312
22984144-3	2012	We sought to characterize the substrate specificity of 12-LOX against six essential fatty acids: AA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosadienoic acid (EDA), and linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	166-186	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type	Homo sapiens	55-61
22984144-3	2012	We sought to characterize the substrate specificity of 12-LOX against six essential fatty acids: AA, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosadienoic acid (EDA), and linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	188-191	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S type	Homo sapiens	55-61
23053988-1	2012	The main purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system of porcine primary hepatocytes with or without growth hormone (GH) or insulin and the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and -gamma (PPARalpha/gamma) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23053988-1	2012	The main purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system of porcine primary hepatocytes with or without growth hormone (GH) or insulin and the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and -gamma (PPARalpha/gamma) pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	124-135
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	137-140
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	143-159
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	161-163
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	166-187
23053988-7	2012	Moreover, GW6471 prevented the IGF-I promoting effect of ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	57-60	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	189-195
23053988-2	2012	We found that 1 muM ALA increased IGF-I secretion from hepatocytes at 48 and 72 h. Expression of hepatocytes IGF-I, IGF-II, GH receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (IR), IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and IGFBP4 mRNAs was up-regulated by ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-23	insulin like growth factor binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	202-208
23053988-8	2012	This suggests that the IGF-I promoting effect of ALA may be mediated by the PPARalpha pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-52	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
23053988-8	2012	This suggests that the IGF-I promoting effect of ALA may be mediated by the PPARalpha pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-85
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	100-103
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	108-114
22289134-8	2012	Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and linolenic acid (LA) stimulated the activity of ZmCPK11 as well as induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and other wound-responsive genes, lipoxygenase 1 (ZmLOX1) and proteinase inhibitor 1 (ZmWIP1).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase1	Zea mays	162-176
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	insulin like growth factor binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	141-147
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	100-102
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	269-275
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	280-283
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	insulin like growth factor binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	317-323
23053988-3	2012	GH (15 nM) alone or co-treated with ALA increased hepatocytes IGF-I secretion and the expression of GHR and IGFBP1 mRNAs, but down-regulated IGFBP5 mRNA compared with appropriate control across ALA. GH also enhanced the ALA-induced increase in the transcript levels of IGF-II and GHR, but tended to attenuate that of IGFBP4.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	194-197	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	92-98
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	170-177
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	214-217
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	219-221
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	223-229
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	235-241
23053988-4	2012	Insulin (1 muM) alone or co-treated with ALA improved IGF-I secretion and the expression of IGFBP3 mRNA, but decreased IGFBP1 mRNA versus appropriate control across ALA. Insulin also up-regulated the expression of GHR, IR, IGFBP3, and IGFBP4 mRNAs, and tended to prevent the transcript levels of IGF-I and IGFBP4 improved by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	296-301
22913587-9	2012	An important regioselectivity was observed; the C-12,13 double bond of these unsaturated fatty acids being the least favored unsaturation epoxidized by PXG4, linolenic acid preferentially yielded the 9,10-15,16-diepoxide.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-172	Caleosin-related family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	152-156
22973228-4	2012	Kv1.5 channels are blocked by n-3 PUFAs of marine [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid] and plant origin (alpha-linolenic acid, ALA) at physiological concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	123-143	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
23478711-9	2012	RESULTS: The excretions of total lipid and the PUFA alpha-linolenic acid were higher in FS group (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
22459553-6	2012	RESULTS: Among the PUFAs, the ALA and omega-6 PUFA intakes were inversely associated with the MetS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	19-23
22289134-8	2012	Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and linolenic acid (LA) stimulated the activity of ZmCPK11 as well as induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and other wound-responsive genes, lipoxygenase 1 (ZmLOX1) and proteinase inhibitor 1 (ZmWIP1).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase10	Zea mays	178-184
22289134-8	2012	Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and linolenic acid (LA) stimulated the activity of ZmCPK11 as well as induced the expression of ZmCPK11 and other wound-responsive genes, lipoxygenase 1 (ZmLOX1) and proteinase inhibitor 1 (ZmWIP1).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	Bowman-Birk type wound-induced proteinase inhibitor WIP1	Zea mays	214-220
22678998-6	2012	In short-term-cultured pure Ghr-GFP cells, the LCFAs docosadienoic acid, linolenic acid, and palmitoleic acid significantly suppressed ghrelin secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	73-87	ghrelin	Mus musculus	135-142
22584027-7	2012	Notably, LT-97 cells were shown to convert conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) to CLA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-68	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	79-82
22476873-3	2012	Therefore, a study was conducted to incorporate one or two mutant FAD3 genes into the high oleic acid background to further reduce the linolenic acid content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	135-149	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	66-70
22189865-1	2012	A recombinant enzyme from Lysinibacillus fusiformis was expressed, purified, and identified as an oleate hydratase because the hydration activity of the enzyme was the highest for oleic acid (with a k                         (cat) of 850 min(-1) and a K                         (m) of 540 muM), followed by palmitoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, myristoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	384-404	oleate hydratase	Lysinibacillus fusiformis	98-114
22534790-0	2012	Identification of FAD2 and FAD3 genes in Brassica napus genome and development of allele-specific markers for high oleic and low linolenic acid contents.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	129-143	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Brassica napus	18-22
22476873-5	2012	While oleic acid content of these HOLL lines was stable across two testing environments, the reduction of linolenic acid content varied depending on the number of mutant FAD3 genes combined with mutant FAD2-1 genes, on the severity of mutation in the FAD2-1A gene, and on the testing environment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-120	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	170-174
22476873-5	2012	While oleic acid content of these HOLL lines was stable across two testing environments, the reduction of linolenic acid content varied depending on the number of mutant FAD3 genes combined with mutant FAD2-1 genes, on the severity of mutation in the FAD2-1A gene, and on the testing environment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-120	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum isozyme 1	Glycine max	202-208
22476873-5	2012	While oleic acid content of these HOLL lines was stable across two testing environments, the reduction of linolenic acid content varied depending on the number of mutant FAD3 genes combined with mutant FAD2-1 genes, on the severity of mutation in the FAD2-1A gene, and on the testing environment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-120	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	202-206
22476873-6	2012	Combination of two mutant FAD2-1 genes and one mutant FAD3 gene resulted in less than 2 % linolenic acid content in Portageville, Missouri (MO) while four mutant genes were needed to achieve the same linolenic acid in Columbia, MO.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-104	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	54-58
21889886-7	2012	Higher intake of ALA (an anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acid) was associated with lower TNFalpha concentrations [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.46; P=.049].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-97
22637474-8	2012	Structural determinations of Co(3+)-protoporphyrin IX-reconstituted muCOX-2 with alpha-linolenic acid and G533V muCOX-2 with AA indicate that proper bisallylic carbon alignment is the major determinant for efficient substrate oxygenation by COX-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-101	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	70-75
22668831-11	2012	The previously recognized capability of alpha-linolenic acid to stimulate the generation of adiponectin was lost when calcium permeability in the channels was disrupted.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-60	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	92-103
22781401-15	2012	ALA suppressed high-glucose-induced VEGF secretion by RF/6A cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Macaca mulatta	36-40
22669722-11	2012	The ALA inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was associated with a significant reduction of I-kappaBalpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	4-7	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-113
22588205-0	2012	Bioconversion of alpha-linolenic acid to n-3 LCPUFA and expression of PPAR-alpha, acyl Coenzyme A oxidase 1 and carnitine acyl transferase I are incremented after feeding rats with alpha-linolenic acid-rich oils.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	181-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
22261574-3	2012	Therefore, we evaluated whether dietary ALA would decrease the expression of adhesion molecules by inducing the protective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a rat colitis model.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-146
22261574-3	2012	Therefore, we evaluated whether dietary ALA would decrease the expression of adhesion molecules by inducing the protective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a rat colitis model.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
22261574-7	2012	RESULTS: The ALA-rich diet significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 compared the TNBS group, but it did not affect the expression of HO-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-75
22261574-7	2012	RESULTS: The ALA-rich diet significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 compared the TNBS group, but it did not affect the expression of HO-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
22261574-7	2012	RESULTS: The ALA-rich diet significantly decreased the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 compared the TNBS group, but it did not affect the expression of HO-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-96
22261574-8	2012	CONCLUSION: A vegetal ALA-rich formula decreases the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 and independently of HO-1 in rats with TNBS-induced colitis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
22261574-8	2012	CONCLUSION: A vegetal ALA-rich formula decreases the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 and independently of HO-1 in rats with TNBS-induced colitis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
22261574-8	2012	CONCLUSION: A vegetal ALA-rich formula decreases the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGFR-2 and independently of HO-1 in rats with TNBS-induced colitis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
22279140-2	2012	The simplest member of this family, alpha-linolenic acid, can be converted to the more biologically active very long-chain (n-3) PUFA EPA and DHA; this process occurs by a series of desaturation and elongation reactions, with stearidonic acid being an intermediate in the pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	129-133
22451038-1	2012	Because FADS converts alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid into PUFAs, we investigated the interaction between different PUFA intakes and the FADS polymorphism rs174547 (T>C) on fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-42	flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
22451038-1	2012	Because FADS converts alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid into PUFAs, we investigated the interaction between different PUFA intakes and the FADS polymorphism rs174547 (T>C) on fasting blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-47	flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
22642787-5	2012	However, a potential confounder in this model is the production of novel Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) derived fatty acids when D6KO mice are fed diets containing LA and ALA, but void of arachidonic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-168	fatty acid desaturase 1	Mus musculus	73-91
22332921-6	2012	Immunocytochemistry revealed a reduction in the number of insulin-containing granules in cells treated with alpha-linolenic acid, which was correlated with an increase in cellular expression of GPR40.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-128	free fatty acid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
22113248-7	2012	Statistically significant inverse associations were also observed with the total serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentration and with the individual long-chain n-3 PUFAs docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, but not with eicosapentaenoic acid or with the intermediate-chain n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	289-309	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	102-106
22113248-7	2012	Statistically significant inverse associations were also observed with the total serum long-chain n-3 PUFA concentration and with the individual long-chain n-3 PUFAs docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, but not with eicosapentaenoic acid or with the intermediate-chain n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	289-309	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	160-164
22535424-8	2012	Moreover, heterologous expression of SynAas in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutants lacking the major yeast fatty acid import protein Fat1p (Deltafat1) led to the restoration of wild-type sensitivity against exogenous alpha-linolenic acid of the otherwise resistant Deltafat1 mutant, indicating that SynAas is functionally equivalent to Fat1p.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	222-242	long-chain fatty acid transporter FAT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	138-143
21658928-0	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid increases cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells by decreasing stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 expression: evidence for a farnesoid-X-receptor mechanism of action.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	97-122
21658928-5	2012	This study investigated the mechanisms by which ALA regulated SCD1 and subsequent effect on cholesterol storage and transport in MDFCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	62-66
21658928-7	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid treatment and SCD1 siRNA significantly decreased SCD1 expression in MDFCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	70-74
21658928-9	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid activated the nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor, which in turn increased its target gene small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression, and decreased liver-X-receptor dependent sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c transcription, ultimately resulting in repressed SCD1 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Homo sapiens	141-144
21658928-9	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid activated the nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor, which in turn increased its target gene small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression, and decreased liver-X-receptor dependent sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c transcription, ultimately resulting in repressed SCD1 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	293-297
21658928-10	2012	In conclusion, repression of SCD1 by ALA favorably increased cholesterol efflux and decreased cholesterol accumulation in foam cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	29-33
22611923-2	2012	METHODS: The proliferation of LLC-PK1 induced by high glucose was tested by CCK-8 and the apoptosis rat and the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of LLC-PK1 damaged by high glucose was observed by flow cytometry after administration of different concentration alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	268-288	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
22611923-2	2012	METHODS: The proliferation of LLC-PK1 induced by high glucose was tested by CCK-8 and the apoptosis rat and the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of LLC-PK1 damaged by high glucose was observed by flow cytometry after administration of different concentration alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	268-288	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
22611923-2	2012	METHODS: The proliferation of LLC-PK1 induced by high glucose was tested by CCK-8 and the apoptosis rat and the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of LLC-PK1 damaged by high glucose was observed by flow cytometry after administration of different concentration alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	290-293	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
22611923-2	2012	METHODS: The proliferation of LLC-PK1 induced by high glucose was tested by CCK-8 and the apoptosis rat and the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of LLC-PK1 damaged by high glucose was observed by flow cytometry after administration of different concentration alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	290-293	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
22611923-3	2012	RESULT: High glucose could obviously inhibit the proliferation of LLC-PK1 The apoptotic rates of LLC-PK1 intervened by ALA (50-100 micromol/L) in the preconditioning group and the persistent intervention group were lower than those in the positive control group (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
22611923-3	2012	RESULT: High glucose could obviously inhibit the proliferation of LLC-PK1 The apoptotic rates of LLC-PK1 intervened by ALA (50-100 micromol/L) in the preconditioning group and the persistent intervention group were lower than those in the positive control group (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
22611923-4	2012	The contents of ROS of LLC-PK1 in the persistent intervention group were lower than those in the positive control group when the concentration of ALA were from 10 micromol/L to 100 micromol/L (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	146-149	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
22611923-5	2012	The contents of ROS of LLC-PK1 in the preconditioning group were lower than those in the positive control group when the concentration of ALA was 50 micromol/L (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	138-141	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
22611923-8	2012	Decreasing the active oxygen generation may be one of the mechanism of the protective effects on LLC-PK1 by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-111	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
22745569-2	2012	Seeds from 30 species mainly of Boraginaceae and Primulaceae were analysed in order to identify potential new sources of the n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) and of the n-6 PUFA gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	134-154	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	129-133
22436184-7	2012	Competition between the n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways was evidenced by reductions of ARA (>40%) at high ALA intakes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	39-43
22436184-12	2012	ALA strongly affects the conversion of both hepatic n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	Polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	67-71
22153152-7	2012	RESULTS: Serum CRP concentration was positively associated with palmitic acid (P for trend=0.002) and inversely with alpha-linolenic acid (P for trend=0.01) in men, and positively with dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (P for trend in men or women=0.01) and inversely with delta-5-desaturase (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) (P for trend in men and women=0.05 and 0.002, respectively) in men and women.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-137	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	15-18
22153152-7	2012	RESULTS: Serum CRP concentration was positively associated with palmitic acid (P for trend=0.002) and inversely with alpha-linolenic acid (P for trend=0.01) in men, and positively with dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (P for trend in men or women=0.01) and inversely with delta-5-desaturase (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) (P for trend in men and women=0.05 and 0.002, respectively) in men and women.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	122-137	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	15-18
22745569-2	2012	Seeds from 30 species mainly of Boraginaceae and Primulaceae were analysed in order to identify potential new sources of the n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) and of the n-6 PUFA gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	156-159	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	129-133
21429727-0	2012	Lipid redistribution by alpha-linolenic acid-rich chia seed inhibits stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and induces cardiac and hepatic protection in diet-induced obese rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
21429727-1	2012	Chia seeds contain the essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
21429727-0	2012	Lipid redistribution by alpha-linolenic acid-rich chia seed inhibits stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and induces cardiac and hepatic protection in diet-induced obese rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	69-94
21429727-8	2012	Thus, chia seeds as a source of ALA induce lipid redistribution associated with cardioprotection and hepatoprotection.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
21429727-1	2012	Chia seeds contain the essential fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
22253709-6	2012	Thus, ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and the activity of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) involved in the conversion of ALA to DHA were positively associated with openness factor scores.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-158	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	93-116
22062949-8	2012	Supplementation with adequate ALA or EPA+DHA increased SOD2 activity in the liver and uterus, while only the DHA diet increased SOD2 activity in the cerebrum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
22122200-0	2012	Studies of reaction variables for lipase-catalyzed production of alpha-linolenic acid enriched structured lipid and oxidative stability with antioxidants.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-85	lipase	Zea mays	34-40
22122200-1	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) enriched structured lipid (SL) was produced by lipase-catalyzed interesterification from perilla oil (PO) and corn oil (CO).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	lipase	Zea mays	74-80
22122200-1	2012	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) enriched structured lipid (SL) was produced by lipase-catalyzed interesterification from perilla oil (PO) and corn oil (CO).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	lipase	Zea mays	74-80
23061909-4	2012	The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	137-179
23061909-4	2012	The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	181-185
23061909-4	2012	The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	201-217
23061909-4	2012	The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	219-222
23061909-4	2012	The gene expression response of ALA in the mouse breast cancer cell line TM2H indicates this molecule has multiple cellular targets with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes, liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) target genes being affected.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	251-254
23061909-6	2012	When examined separately, walnut components ALA and beta-sitosterol were the most efficacious activators of FXR.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-47	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	108-111
22768248-13	2012	Addition of octanoic acid or alpha-linolenic acid to MGN3-1 cells increased and decreased octanoyl ghrelin levels, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-49	ghrelin	Mus musculus	99-106
23285256-7	2012	Seven previously identified SNPs associated with delta-6 desaturase activity (rs99780, rs174537, rs174545, rs174572, rs498793, rs3834458 and rs968567) were tested for associations with prostatic ALA, PSA and Ki67.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	195-198	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	49-67
23285256-9	2012	In unadjusted analysis, there were significant positive associations between prostatic ALA and PSA (rho = 0.191, p = 0.028) and Ki67 (rho = 0.186, p = 0.037).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-90	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	95-98
23285256-10	2012	After adjusting for covariates (flaxseed, age, race, BMI and statin-use) the association between ALA and PSA remained (p = 0.004) but was slightly attenuated for Ki67 (p = 0.051).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	97-100	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	105-108
23285256-11	2012	We did not observe associations between any of the SNPs studied and prostatic ALA; however, in models for PSA there was a significant interaction between rs498793 and ALA and for Ki67 there were significant interactions with ALA and rs99780 and rs174545.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-170	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	106-109
23285256-11	2012	We did not observe associations between any of the SNPs studied and prostatic ALA; however, in models for PSA there was a significant interaction between rs498793 and ALA and for Ki67 there were significant interactions with ALA and rs99780 and rs174545.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-170	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	106-109
22493899-6	2012	Treatment with ALA significantly decreased TNF-alpha, sP-selectin and slCAM-1 to compare with diabetic group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
22253709-6	2012	Thus, ratios of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and the activity of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) involved in the conversion of ALA to DHA were positively associated with openness factor scores.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-158	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	118-123
21964326-7	2011	Interestingly, ALA supplementation also increased the concentration of dihomo gamma-linolenic acid (a omega-6 species) in the P19 brains, but not in maternal livers or serum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	126-129
21285075-10	2011	The high ALA diet reduced plaque area by 50% and decreased plaque T cell content as well as expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and TNFalpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	106-139
21848868-5	2011	In both cases, the duplications encompass the FAD3 locus, which encodes the linoleate desaturase responsible for the biosynthesis of linolenic acid for accumulation in seed storage oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-147	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
21848868-7	2011	They also show that increasing the dosage of the FAD3-containing genomic region results in an increase in the linolenic acid content of seed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	110-124	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
21848868-8	2011	Consequently, screening methods for duplication of FAD3 orthologues in oil crops may be an appropriate approach for the identification of germplasm for breeding varieties with increased proportions of linolenic acid in the oil that they produce.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	201-215	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
22031167-0	2011	The alpha linolenic acid content of flaxseed is associated with an induction of adipose leptin expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	4-24	leptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	88-94
22031167-8	2011	Changes in leptin expression were strongly and positively correlated with adipose ALA levels and inversely correlated with levels of en face atherosclerosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-85	leptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	11-17
21285075-10	2011	The high ALA diet reduced plaque area by 50% and decreased plaque T cell content as well as expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and TNFalpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	144-152
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	99-103
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	183-203
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	205-208
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	99-103
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	183-203
21871057-9	2011	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids found in walnuts, recaptured SCD1 reduction in MDFC, a mechanism mediated through activation of nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	205-208
21294872-6	2011	Linolenate-consuming LOX activity, on the contrary, was significantly stimulated in P. putida BTP1-inoculated plants before and two days after infection by B. cinerea.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-10	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase A	Solanum lycopersicum	21-24
21878731-1	2011	Previously, we noted that the dietary restriction of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) for 4 weeks after weaning brought about significant decreases in the BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the striatum of mice, but not in the other regions of the brain, compared with an ALA- and linoleic acid (LNA, n-6)-adequate diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	53-73	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	154-158
21878731-1	2011	Previously, we noted that the dietary restriction of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) for 4 weeks after weaning brought about significant decreases in the BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the striatum of mice, but not in the other regions of the brain, compared with an ALA- and linoleic acid (LNA, n-6)-adequate diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	53-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	171-174
21878731-1	2011	Previously, we noted that the dietary restriction of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) for 4 weeks after weaning brought about significant decreases in the BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the striatum of mice, but not in the other regions of the brain, compared with an ALA- and linoleic acid (LNA, n-6)-adequate diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-78	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	154-158
21878731-1	2011	Previously, we noted that the dietary restriction of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3) for 4 weeks after weaning brought about significant decreases in the BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the striatum of mice, but not in the other regions of the brain, compared with an ALA- and linoleic acid (LNA, n-6)-adequate diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-78	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	171-174
21878731-6	2011	These data indicate that the biochemical changes induced by the dietary restriction of ALA have a time lag in the striatum and cortex, suggesting that the signal is transmitted through decreased p38 MAPK activity and BDNF content and ultimately decreased PKC activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-90	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	195-198
21878731-6	2011	These data indicate that the biochemical changes induced by the dietary restriction of ALA have a time lag in the striatum and cortex, suggesting that the signal is transmitted through decreased p38 MAPK activity and BDNF content and ultimately decreased PKC activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-90	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	217-221
21046125-7	2011	Unsaturated fatty acids (100 mumol/l in complexed with BSA) such as palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, significantly repressed the basal as well as LPS-induced A-FABP expression, whereas palmitic acid did not elicit the same effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	113-127	fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte	Mus musculus	213-219
21593353-8	2011	Similarly, the association between the FADS1 rs174546 polymorphism and serum phospholipid concentrations of ALA or EPA was not modified by dietary ALA intake (all P-interaction > 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-111	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
21593353-10	2011	These results suggest that dietary ALA intake modulates the association between FADS1 rs174546 and serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations at a young age.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-38	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
21829377-6	2011	We observed a weaker association between ALA and EPA among carriers of the minor allele of a representative SNP in FADS2 (rs1535), suggesting a lower rate of ALA-to-EPA conversion in these subjects.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
21829377-6	2011	We observed a weaker association between ALA and EPA among carriers of the minor allele of a representative SNP in FADS2 (rs1535), suggesting a lower rate of ALA-to-EPA conversion in these subjects.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-161	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
21722811-9	2011	Moreover, ALA intake not only significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations but reduced the increase in superoxide production and malonaldialdehyde formation and simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic hearts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	52-79
21722811-9	2011	Moreover, ALA intake not only significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations but reduced the increase in superoxide production and malonaldialdehyde formation and simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic hearts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	81-90
21722811-9	2011	Moreover, ALA intake not only significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations but reduced the increase in superoxide production and malonaldialdehyde formation and simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic hearts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	96-109
21722811-9	2011	Moreover, ALA intake not only significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations but reduced the increase in superoxide production and malonaldialdehyde formation and simultaneously enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the diabetic hearts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
21571683-0	2011	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid inhibits arterial thrombus formation, tissue factor expression, and platelet activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	67-80
21571683-6	2011	Dietary ALA impaired arterial tissue factor (TF) expression, TF activity, and nuclear factor-kappaB activity (n=7; P<0.05); plasma clotting times and plasma thrombin generation did not differ (n=5; P=not significant).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	30-43
21571683-6	2011	Dietary ALA impaired arterial tissue factor (TF) expression, TF activity, and nuclear factor-kappaB activity (n=7; P<0.05); plasma clotting times and plasma thrombin generation did not differ (n=5; P=not significant).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	45-47
21571683-6	2011	Dietary ALA impaired arterial tissue factor (TF) expression, TF activity, and nuclear factor-kappaB activity (n=7; P<0.05); plasma clotting times and plasma thrombin generation did not differ (n=5; P=not significant).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	61-63
21571683-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: ALA impairs arterial thrombus formation, TF expression, and platelet activation and thereby represents an attractive nutritional intervention with direct dual antithrombotic effects.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	54-56
21593353-0	2011	FADS1 genetic variability interacts with dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake to affect serum non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations in European adolescents.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-69	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21593353-4	2011	We assessed whether dietary linoleic acid (LA) or alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) modulate the association between the FADS1 rs174546 polymorphism and concentrations of PUFA, other lipids, and lipoproteins in adolescents.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
21829377-3	2011	Minor alleles of SNPs in FADS1 and FADS2 (desaturases) were associated with higher levels of ALA (p = 3 x 10-64) and lower levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, p = 5 x 10-58) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, p = 4 x 10-154).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
21829377-3	2011	Minor alleles of SNPs in FADS1 and FADS2 (desaturases) were associated with higher levels of ALA (p = 3 x 10-64) and lower levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, p = 5 x 10-58) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, p = 4 x 10-154).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
21294872-9	2011	After challenging with B. cinerea, the increase of transcription of these two LOX genes and higher linolenic acid-consuming LOX activity were associated with a more rapid accumulation of free 13-hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic and 13-hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acids, two antifungal oxylipins, in bacterized plants.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-113	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase A	Solanum lycopersicum	124-127
22216341-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Delta6-Desaturase (Fads2) is widely regarded as rate-limiting in the conversion of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-123	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
21217124-9	2011	Furthermore, the expression levels of AtGA3ox1 and AtGA20ox1 were significantly decreased in wild-type Arabidopsis treated with linoleic acid, linolenic acid or methyl jasmonate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-157	gibberellin 3-oxidase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-46
21217124-9	2011	Furthermore, the expression levels of AtGA3ox1 and AtGA20ox1 were significantly decreased in wild-type Arabidopsis treated with linoleic acid, linolenic acid or methyl jasmonate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-157	2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-60
22216341-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Delta6-Desaturase (Fads2) is widely regarded as rate-limiting in the conversion of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) to the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-123	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
21991326-11	2011	In contrast, alpha-linolenic acid decreased the proliferation and the survival of CML cell lines as well as BCL-2 and OB-R expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-33	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	108-113
21991326-11	2011	In contrast, alpha-linolenic acid decreased the proliferation and the survival of CML cell lines as well as BCL-2 and OB-R expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-33	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	118-122
21991326-12	2011	The effect of alpha-linolenic acids seemed to be due to PI3K pathway and Bcl-2 inhibition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-35	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	73-78
21991326-14	2011	In the presence of leptin, the effect of alpha-linolenic acid on proliferation, survival, OB-R and BCl-2 expression was reduced.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-61	leptin receptor	Homo sapiens	90-94
21991326-14	2011	In the presence of leptin, the effect of alpha-linolenic acid on proliferation, survival, OB-R and BCl-2 expression was reduced.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-61	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	99-104
20558833-3	2010	Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, FADS1 and FADS2, respectively, influence the serum, plasma and membrane phospholipid levels of LA, ALA and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, and may influence an infant"s IQ, atopy and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-135	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
20826537-8	2010	The two shorter chain n-3 PUFAs, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, n-3) and stearidonic acid (18:4, n-3), induced a small but significant increase in PGE(2) output, while the longest chain n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (22:6, n-3) inhibited PGE(2) synthesis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-53	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	26-30
21151462-2	2010	This study uses a real time RT-PCR technique to investigate the role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the regulation of the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) and liver X receptor alpha (LXR) genes, which are involved in cholesterol homeostasis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	104-124	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	188-211
20837030-9	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: A relatively short-term feeding of an alpha-linolenic acid-restricted, linoleic acid-adequate diet was found to lower the DHA content, BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the mouse striatum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	149-153
20837030-9	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: A relatively short-term feeding of an alpha-linolenic acid-restricted, linoleic acid-adequate diet was found to lower the DHA content, BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the mouse striatum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	166-169
20837030-9	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: A relatively short-term feeding of an alpha-linolenic acid-restricted, linoleic acid-adequate diet was found to lower the DHA content, BDNF content and p38 MAPK activity in the mouse striatum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	170-174
20724486-11	2010	The beneficial effect of ALA supplementation on oxidative stress was reflected by lower urinary 8-IP levels (P < 0.05), a normalized colon GSH concentration (P < 0.01), and reduced colon iNOS expression (P < 0.05) compared with the TNBS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-28	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	193-197
20724486-12	2010	ALA also protected against colon inflammation as assessed by lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and mRNA level (P < 0.05), reduced NF-kappaB activation (P = 0.01), and lower colon lipid mediator concentrations such as LTB(4) and COX-2 (P < 0.05) compared with the TNBS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-94
20724486-12	2010	ALA also protected against colon inflammation as assessed by lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and mRNA level (P < 0.05), reduced NF-kappaB activation (P = 0.01), and lower colon lipid mediator concentrations such as LTB(4) and COX-2 (P < 0.05) compared with the TNBS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	241-246
20357027-7	2010	Dilations of the basilar artery to alpha-linolenic acid, an activator of TREK-1, were not affected by the absence of TREK-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-55	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	73-79
20357027-9	2010	alpha-linolenic acid or arachidonic acid increased whole cell currents in CVSMCs from both WT and TREK-1 KO mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	98-104
20463041-0	2010	High habitual dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake is associated with decreased plasma soluble interleukin-6 receptor concentrations in male twins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-42	interleukin 6 receptor	Homo sapiens	94-116
20463041-7	2010	RESULTS: A 1-g increment in habitual dietary ALA intake was associated with 11.0% lower concentrations of sIL-6R (P = 0.004) but not of IL-6 (P = 0.31), TNF-alpha (P = 0.16), or hsCRP (P = 0.36) after adjustment for energy intake, nutritional factors, known cardiovascular disease risk factors, and medications.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	107-111
20463041-7	2010	RESULTS: A 1-g increment in habitual dietary ALA intake was associated with 11.0% lower concentrations of sIL-6R (P = 0.004) but not of IL-6 (P = 0.31), TNF-alpha (P = 0.16), or hsCRP (P = 0.36) after adjustment for energy intake, nutritional factors, known cardiovascular disease risk factors, and medications.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-162
20463041-8	2010	After further control for shared genetic and common environmental factors by comparison of brothers within a twin pair, a twin with a 1-g higher ALA intake was likely to have 10.9% (95% CI: 3.7%, 17.6%; P = 0.004) lower sIL-6R concentrations than his co-twin with a low intake, whereas ALA intake was not significantly associated with plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, or hsCRP.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-148	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	221-225
20463041-8	2010	After further control for shared genetic and common environmental factors by comparison of brothers within a twin pair, a twin with a 1-g higher ALA intake was likely to have 10.9% (95% CI: 3.7%, 17.6%; P = 0.004) lower sIL-6R concentrations than his co-twin with a low intake, whereas ALA intake was not significantly associated with plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, or hsCRP.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-148	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	366-375
20558833-3	2010	Delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, FADS1 and FADS2, respectively, influence the serum, plasma and membrane phospholipid levels of LA, ALA and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy, lactation, and may influence an infant"s IQ, atopy and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-135	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
20199997-4	2010	Through different mechanisms, some components of nuts such as magnesium, fiber, alpha-linolenic acid, L-arginine, antioxidants and MUFA may protect against inflammation and insulin resistance.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	80-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
20471368-0	2010	Agonism with the omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid mediates phosphorylation of both the short and long isoforms of the human GPR120 receptor.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-57	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	157-163
20471368-5	2010	Using a clonal HEK293 cell model, we examined agonist-mediated phosphorylation of GPR120-S and GPR120-L with the omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-153	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
20471368-5	2010	Using a clonal HEK293 cell model, we examined agonist-mediated phosphorylation of GPR120-S and GPR120-L with the omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-153	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
20471368-5	2010	Using a clonal HEK293 cell model, we examined agonist-mediated phosphorylation of GPR120-S and GPR120-L with the omega-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	155-158	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
22435614-8	2010	In experiments with surface NOX proteins released from HeLa cells, spectrophotometric measurements of the oxidation of NADH revealed inhibition of the cancer-specific ENOX2 activity by CLA and the omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and alpha-linolenic acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	257-278	ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
20382895-5	2010	To address this possibility, we have overexpressed the omega-3 fatty acid desaturases FAD3 and FAD7 that catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), the precursor of hexenals and its derived alcohols.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	156-170	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase	Solanum lycopersicum	95-99
20156199-9	2010	Consistent with this, although NTL6 processing was stimulated by pharmacological agents that reduce membrane fluidity and thus mimic cold, it was inhibited when plants were treated with a 18:3 unsaturated fatty acid, linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	217-231	NAC domain containing protein 62	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
20206485-0	2010	Elevated plasma fibrinogen caused by inadequate alpha-linolenic acid intake can be reduced by replacing fat with canola-type rapeseed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-68	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	16-26
20378851-5	2010	Induction of Angptl4 by the fatty acid linolenic acid was specifically abolished in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta(-/-) and not PPARalpha(-/-) mice and was blunted on siRNA-mediated PPARbeta/delta knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-53	angiopoietin-like 4	Mus musculus	13-20
20378851-5	2010	Induction of Angptl4 by the fatty acid linolenic acid was specifically abolished in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta(-/-) and not PPARalpha(-/-) mice and was blunted on siRNA-mediated PPARbeta/delta knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	84-126
20378851-5	2010	Induction of Angptl4 by the fatty acid linolenic acid was specifically abolished in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)beta/delta(-/-) and not PPARalpha(-/-) mice and was blunted on siRNA-mediated PPARbeta/delta knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	128-132
20378851-6	2010	Consistent with these data, linolenic acid stimulated binding of PPARbeta/delta but not PPARalpha to the Angptl4 gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	65-73
20378851-6	2010	Consistent with these data, linolenic acid stimulated binding of PPARbeta/delta but not PPARalpha to the Angptl4 gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	angiopoietin-like 4	Mus musculus	105-112
20211645-0	2010	Higher dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid is associated with lower insulin resistance in middle-aged Japanese.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
20338445-1	2010	Increasing the alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15) content of milk fat might help promote consumers" health.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-35	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	79-83
20814437-1	2010	This study aimed to determine the effect of varying dietary intake of the major n-3 PUFA in human diets, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3), on expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	105-125	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
20814437-1	2010	This study aimed to determine the effect of varying dietary intake of the major n-3 PUFA in human diets, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3), on expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	127-130	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	84-88
20814437-4	2010	Increasing dietary ALA content resulted in altered expression of SREBP1c, FAS and G3PDH mRNA in both adipose depots.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-22	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-72
20814437-4	2010	Increasing dietary ALA content resulted in altered expression of SREBP1c, FAS and G3PDH mRNA in both adipose depots.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-22	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
20814437-4	2010	Increasing dietary ALA content resulted in altered expression of SREBP1c, FAS and G3PDH mRNA in both adipose depots.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-22	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
19916943-1	2009	To improve its stability and lipophilicity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was chemically modified with linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids using two different methods.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-140	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	44-70
19765573-8	2009	Salubrinal (a phosphatase inhibitor) causes increased levels of the phosphorylated form of eIF2alpha - this effect was partially reversed by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	141-161	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
19679157-9	2009	Secondly, we found that linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids added to HG/FF reduced the specific activity of D6D.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-58	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
19916943-1	2009	To improve its stability and lipophilicity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was chemically modified with linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids using two different methods.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-140	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
19648503-9	2009	Alpha-linolenic acid content increased with increasing chia content of the diet; however, only the effect of the 20% ration was significantly (P < 0.05) different from that of the control.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	chitinase acidic	Sus scrofa	55-59
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	155-163
19641487-5	2009	Three sequential injections with a neuroprotective dose of ALA increased neurogenesis and expression of key proteins involved in synaptic functions, namely, synaptophysin-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-25, as well as proteins supporting glutamatergic neurotransmission, namely, V-GLUT1 and V-GLUT2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	vesicle-associated membrane protein 2	Mus musculus	174-180
19641487-5	2009	Three sequential injections with a neuroprotective dose of ALA increased neurogenesis and expression of key proteins involved in synaptic functions, namely, synaptophysin-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-25, as well as proteins supporting glutamatergic neurotransmission, namely, V-GLUT1 and V-GLUT2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	synaptosomal-associated protein 25	Mus musculus	186-193
19641487-5	2009	Three sequential injections with a neuroprotective dose of ALA increased neurogenesis and expression of key proteins involved in synaptic functions, namely, synaptophysin-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-25, as well as proteins supporting glutamatergic neurotransmission, namely, V-GLUT1 and V-GLUT2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	269-274
19641487-5	2009	Three sequential injections with a neuroprotective dose of ALA increased neurogenesis and expression of key proteins involved in synaptic functions, namely, synaptophysin-1, VAMP-2, and SNAP-25, as well as proteins supporting glutamatergic neurotransmission, namely, V-GLUT1 and V-GLUT2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	281-286
19641487-6	2009	These effects were correlated with an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels, both in vitro using neural stem cells and hippocampal cultures and in vivo, after subchronic ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	200-203	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	50-83
19641487-6	2009	These effects were correlated with an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels, both in vitro using neural stem cells and hippocampal cultures and in vivo, after subchronic ALA treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	200-203	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	85-89
19725980-5	2009	METHODS: This study examined effects of c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid(c9, t11-CLA), alpha linolenic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the PPARalpha and ACAT1 genes expression by using Real time PCR and cholesterol homeostasis in THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	149-158
19667161-13	2009	The simultaneous treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 partially antagonised the DHA- and alpha-linolenicacid (ALA)-induced up-regulation of PPAR expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	130-134
19667161-13	2009	The simultaneous treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 partially antagonised the DHA- and alpha-linolenicacid (ALA)-induced up-regulation of PPAR expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	130-134
19667161-15	2009	Simultaneous treatment with the PPAR ligands bezafibrate or ALA resulted in an up to 6-fold reduction of the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced elevation of the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-36
19667161-15	2009	Simultaneous treatment with the PPAR ligands bezafibrate or ALA resulted in an up to 6-fold reduction of the 1,25(OH)2D3-induced elevation of the 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	192-199
19794119-4	2009	Dark-treated pxa1 plants showed a decrease in photosystem II efficiency early on and accumulation of free fatty acids, mostly alpha-linolenic acid [18:3(n-3)] and pheophorbide a, a phototoxic chlorophyll catabolite causing the rapid bleaching.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	126-146	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
19794119-5	2009	Isolated wild-type and pxa1 chloroplasts challenged with comparable alpha-linolenic acid concentrations both showed an 80% reduction in photosynthetic electron transport, whereas intact pxa1 plants were more susceptible to the toxic effects of alpha-linolenic acid than the wild type.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
19794119-5	2009	Isolated wild-type and pxa1 chloroplasts challenged with comparable alpha-linolenic acid concentrations both showed an 80% reduction in photosynthetic electron transport, whereas intact pxa1 plants were more susceptible to the toxic effects of alpha-linolenic acid than the wild type.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	244-264	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
19664246-6	2009	Therefore, this review will assess our current understanding of the differential effects of ALA, EPA and DHA on cancer, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	92-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
19576517-8	2009	In ALA-supplemented cells, estradiol increased while testosterone decreased the long-chain n-3 PUFA content (+17% and -15%, respectively) and the mRNA expression of the Delta5-desaturase (+11% and -9%), these two events being strongly correlated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-6	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	175-186
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	165-169
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	224-243
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	155-163
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	165-169
19723085-6	2009	We found that omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6) and inhibited the activation of transcription factor activator protein-1 in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	224-243
19723085-7	2009	DHA and ALA inhibited DNA fragmentation, inhibited the decrease in cell viability, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic genes (p53, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor) induced by hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	132-135
19723085-7	2009	DHA and ALA inhibited DNA fragmentation, inhibited the decrease in cell viability, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic genes (p53, Bax, apoptosis-inducing factor) induced by hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic acinar cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	137-140
21291825-5	2009	Effects of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mRNA levels of SCD, fatty acid elongases 5 and 6 (Elovl5 and Elovl6), fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and sterol response element binding protein-1c were investigated in Hep G2 cells after 24-hour incubations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-51	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	109-112
21291825-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Diets enriched in LA, ALA, and by metabolic inference EPA, can regulate SCD activity at the level of transcription, a nutritional intervention that may be useful in the management of increased levels of serum triglycerides in cardiometabolic disorders.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-38	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	85-88
21291825-5	2009	Effects of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mRNA levels of SCD, fatty acid elongases 5 and 6 (Elovl5 and Elovl6), fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and sterol response element binding protein-1c were investigated in Hep G2 cells after 24-hour incubations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	53-56	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	109-112
21291825-5	2009	Effects of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on mRNA levels of SCD, fatty acid elongases 5 and 6 (Elovl5 and Elovl6), fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and sterol response element binding protein-1c were investigated in Hep G2 cells after 24-hour incubations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	53-56	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5	Homo sapiens	144-150
19649246-0	2009	Punicic acid a conjugated linolenic acid inhibits TNFalpha-induced neutrophil hyperactivation and protects from experimental colon inflammation in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-58
18503724-6	2009	Calculated from the relative percentages of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and linolenic acid (18:3n-3), the ratio of 18:2n-6 to 18:3n-3 PUFA was 1.0:3.4 to 1.0:8.9.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-86	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	130-134
19480565-6	2009	Results of Western blot analyses revealed that ALA and LA enhanced the ligand-induced IGF-IR phosphorylation and, in addition, increased receptor phosphorylation in an IGF-I independent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	86-92
19480565-6	2009	Results of Western blot analyses revealed that ALA and LA enhanced the ligand-induced IGF-IR phosphorylation and, in addition, increased receptor phosphorylation in an IGF-I independent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
19480565-8	2009	In addition, FACS analysis and apoptosis measurements indicated that ALA and LA have a potential mitogenic effect on HCT116 cells, as reflected by the number of cells in S phase and by a reduction of PARP cleavage, implying a reduction in apoptotic activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	69-72	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	200-204
19437483-5	2009	Treatment with oleic acid, linoleic acid (LA), or linolenic acid increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes and the production of prostaglandin E(2 )and nitric oxide (NO) in RPE, whereas the saturated fatty acid stearic acid had little effect on these genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-64	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
19437483-5	2009	Treatment with oleic acid, linoleic acid (LA), or linolenic acid increased the expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes and the production of prostaglandin E(2 )and nitric oxide (NO) in RPE, whereas the saturated fatty acid stearic acid had little effect on these genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-64	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	102-107
19211827-8	2009	alpha-Linolenic acid in the liver was higher and the ratios of long-chain PUFA:essential FA precursors were lower for (n-3) and (n-6) PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	134-138
19244211-6	2009	Cloning of ts1 and identification of the TS1 protein as an enzyme involved in jasmonate synthesis have revealed that jasmonate, an oxylipin plant hormone derived from linolenic acid, is an essential signal in determining male identity in the maize tassel.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-181	linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase8	Zea mays	41-44
19144731-0	2009	Does genetic variation in the Delta6-desaturase promoter modify the association between alpha-linolenic acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome?	alpha-Linolenic Acid	88-108	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	36-47
19144731-2	2009	The Delta(6)-desaturase enzyme converts ALA into EPA and DHA, and genetic variation in the Delta(6)-desaturase gene (FADS2) may affect this conversion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	4-23
19144731-2	2009	The Delta(6)-desaturase enzyme converts ALA into EPA and DHA, and genetic variation in the Delta(6)-desaturase gene (FADS2) may affect this conversion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	91-110
19144731-2	2009	The Delta(6)-desaturase enzyme converts ALA into EPA and DHA, and genetic variation in the Delta(6)-desaturase gene (FADS2) may affect this conversion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
19144731-3	2009	OBJECTIVES: We hypothesize that high ALA is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and that genetic variation in FADS2 modifies this association.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	135-140
19144731-8	2009	Higher concentrations of adipose tissue ALA were associated with a lower PR among homozygote (0.67; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86) and heterozygote (0.84; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99) carriers of the FADS2 T allele, but not among homozygote carriers of the deletion variant allele (0.99; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.27; P for interaction: 0.08).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-43	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
19144731-10	2009	A lack of association among homozygote carriers of the FADS2 deletion allele suggests that this association may be due in part to the conversion of ALA into EPA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-151	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	55-60
19234585-2	2009	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing older adults with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during a resistance training program, based on the hypothesis that ALA decreases the plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, which in turn would improve muscle size and strength.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	251-284
19228394-7	2009	CONCLUSION: Formation of EPA and DHA was highest at an administered LA/ALA ratio of 1:1, although gene expression of PPARalpha, SREBP-1c and D5D involved in ALA elongation were higher in the presence of ALA solely.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	157-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-126
19228394-7	2009	CONCLUSION: Formation of EPA and DHA was highest at an administered LA/ALA ratio of 1:1, although gene expression of PPARalpha, SREBP-1c and D5D involved in ALA elongation were higher in the presence of ALA solely.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	157-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-126
19234585-2	2009	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing older adults with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during a resistance training program, based on the hypothesis that ALA decreases the plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, which in turn would improve muscle size and strength.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-109	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	289-307
19234585-2	2009	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing older adults with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during a resistance training program, based on the hypothesis that ALA decreases the plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, which in turn would improve muscle size and strength.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-114	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	251-284
19234585-2	2009	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing older adults with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during a resistance training program, based on the hypothesis that ALA decreases the plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, which in turn would improve muscle size and strength.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	183-186	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	251-284
19234585-2	2009	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing older adults with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during a resistance training program, based on the hypothesis that ALA decreases the plasma concentration of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6, which in turn would improve muscle size and strength.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	183-186	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	289-307
19234585-5	2009	Males supplementing with ALA decreased IL-6 concentration over the 12 weeks (62 +/- 36% decrease; p = 0.003), with no other changes in inflammatory cytokines.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	25-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	39-43
19234585-8	2009	ALA supplementation lowers the IL-6 concentration in older men but not women, but had minimal effect on muscle mass and strength during resistance training.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
18949503-4	2009	AtLOX-2, AtLOX-3, AtLOX-4 and AtLOX-6 displayed a selective oxygenation of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-89	lipoxygenase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-7
19120447-9	2009	CYP77A4 was also able to catalyze the in vitro formation of the three mono-epoxides of alpha-linolenic acid (cis,cis,cis-Delta(9),Delta(12),Delta(15)C(18:3)), previously described as antifungal compounds.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-107	cytochrome P450, family 77, subfamily A, polypeptide 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-7
19164679-20	2009	Supplementing C(18:3) (linolenic acid) as a Ca salt of flax oil to the corn and soybean meal-based diet of dairy calves less than 3 mo old resulted in increased ADG and feed efficiency.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-37	ADG	Bos taurus	161-164
18949503-4	2009	AtLOX-2, AtLOX-3, AtLOX-4 and AtLOX-6 displayed a selective oxygenation of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-89	lipoxygenase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-16
18949503-4	2009	AtLOX-2, AtLOX-3, AtLOX-4 and AtLOX-6 displayed a selective oxygenation of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-89	PLAT/LH2 domain-containing lipoxygenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-25
18949503-4	2009	AtLOX-2, AtLOX-3, AtLOX-4 and AtLOX-6 displayed a selective oxygenation of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-89	PLAT/LH2 domain-containing lipoxygenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-37
18585430-9	2008	However, the hepatic expression level of Abcd2 and Abcd3 genes was found to be significantly higher in the n-3-deficient rats than in the rats fed the ALA diet or the DHA supplemented diets.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	151-154	ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
19491530-3	2009	In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary ALA on ACE to clarify the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
19491530-9	2009	The ACE activity and mRNA expression levels in the ALA group were significantly lower than in the control only in the aorta.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-54	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
19491530-10	2009	In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the blood pressure-lowering mechanism of dietary ALA may be involved in the reduction of ACE activity and mRNA expression levels in the aorta of SHR.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	98-101	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
18842780-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, encoded by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism that catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) into arachidonic acid (AA) and that of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	237-257	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
18842780-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, encoded by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism that catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) into arachidonic acid (AA) and that of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	237-257	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
18842780-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, encoded by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism that catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) into arachidonic acid (AA) and that of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	259-262	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
18842780-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases, encoded by FADS1 and FADS2 genes, are key enzymes in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism that catalyze the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) into arachidonic acid (AA) and that of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	259-262	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
18585430-9	2008	However, the hepatic expression level of Abcd2 and Abcd3 genes was found to be significantly higher in the n-3-deficient rats than in the rats fed the ALA diet or the DHA supplemented diets.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	151-154	ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 3	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
18481133-5	2008	TRPV1 was activated by hexane extract of wheat flour, and its functional compounds were 1-monoacylglycerols containing oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-161	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18256901-4	2008	The FAD3 enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acids (18:3) in the polyunsaturated fatty acid pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-73	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	4-8
18565938-9	2008	The mRNA of CPT1A (2.5- to 1.4-fold) was significantly increased by fatty acids in the order of palmitate > linolenate > linoleate > conjugated linoleate, and oleate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-121	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Bos taurus	12-17
18389471-5	2008	The COX-2/COX-1 ratio was 0.007 for linoleic acid and 0.2 for alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-82	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	4-9
18389471-5	2008	The COX-2/COX-1 ratio was 0.007 for linoleic acid and 0.2 for alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-82	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	10-15
18389471-6	2008	Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid contribute to the COX-1 and -2 inhibitory activity of rose hip.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	57-69
18501118-10	2008	Alpha-LA treatment significantly reversed the increased level of malondialdehyde and reduced the activities of both superoxide dismutase and catalase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-8	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	141-149
18803934-7	2008	Exposure to TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappaB, COX-2, and PGE(2), which were all amplified by preenrichment with linoleic acid but blocked or reduced by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	257-277	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	12-21
18803934-7	2008	Exposure to TNF-alpha induced oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappaB, COX-2, and PGE(2), which were all amplified by preenrichment with linoleic acid but blocked or reduced by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	257-277	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	83-86
18803934-10	2008	Caveolin-1 was significantly induced by TNF-alpha, which was further amplified by linoleic acid and blocked by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-131	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
18803934-10	2008	Caveolin-1 was significantly induced by TNF-alpha, which was further amplified by linoleic acid and blocked by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-131	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-49
18663470-6	2008	Due to transfer of electrons that can occur between NADPH reductase and cytochrome b (5), this could favor fatty acid desaturation in Tradition, explaining why linolenic acid accumulation was more pronounced in this variety.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	160-174	LOC106368940	Brassica napus	72-84
18339646-9	2008	TREK-1-mediated vasodilator responses to alpha-linolenic acid, ISOFL, or ACh were increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-61	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	0-6
19326346-0	2008	Alpha-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil ingestion increases plasma adiponectin level in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
19326346-2	2008	The effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on adiponectin has not been revealed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	44-55
18389471-0	2008	Isolation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids as COX-1 and -2 inhibitors in rose hip.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-47	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	51-63
18389471-4	2008	The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of linoleic acid (the IC50 for COX-1 was 85 microm and 0.6 microM for COX-2) and alpha-linolenic acid (the IC50 for COX-1 was 52 microM and 12 microM for COX-2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	136-156	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	171-176
18389471-4	2008	The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of linoleic acid (the IC50 for COX-1 was 85 microm and 0.6 microM for COX-2) and alpha-linolenic acid (the IC50 for COX-1 was 52 microM and 12 microM for COX-2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	136-156	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	209-214
18174233-0	2008	Tumor angiogenesis suppression by alpha-eleostearic acid, a linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	119-167
18451539-1	2008	Recently, we found that unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (such as alpha-linolenic acid) promote the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) via G protein-coupled receptor GPR120, which is expressed predominantly in the colon.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	glucagon	Homo sapiens	115-138
18451539-1	2008	Recently, we found that unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (such as alpha-linolenic acid) promote the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) via G protein-coupled receptor GPR120, which is expressed predominantly in the colon.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	glucagon	Homo sapiens	140-145
18451539-1	2008	Recently, we found that unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (such as alpha-linolenic acid) promote the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) via G protein-coupled receptor GPR120, which is expressed predominantly in the colon.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	178-184
18320172-5	2008	In addition, alpha-LA provoked a transient increase in [Ca2+]i levels in HEK293 cells expressing rGPR120.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-21	free fatty acid receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	97-104
18400717-8	2008	IL-8 production was significantly decreased by troglitazone, ALA, DHA, EPA, and GLA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	61-64	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
18314499-3	2008	Here, we demonstrate that LT-treated vte2 has a distinct composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): lower levels of linolenic acid (18:3) and higher levels of linoleic acid (18:2) compared with the wild type.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-139	homogentisate phytyltransferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
18339314-1	2008	Methyl esters of gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid were epoxidised using m-chloroperbenzoic acid to achieve nine cis-monoepoxy-C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), including novel methyl cis-monoepoxy derivatives of stearidonic acid and a cis-6,7-epoxy derivative of gamma-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-59	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	157-160
18272375-6	2008	In this context, we will discuss the crystal structure of AOC2 of Arabidopsis thaliana with respect to putative binding sites of the instable substrate, 12,13-epoxy-9(Z),11,15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (12,13-EOT), as well as possible intermolecular rearrangements during the cyclization reaction.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	179-200	allene oxide cyclase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
18268213-7	2008	Additionally, ALA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in CD11b(+) cell number, expression of corneal IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, and conjunctival TNF-alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	74-79
18268213-7	2008	Additionally, ALA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in CD11b(+) cell number, expression of corneal IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, and conjunctival TNF-alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	118-127
18268213-7	2008	Additionally, ALA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in CD11b(+) cell number, expression of corneal IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, and conjunctival TNF-alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-141
18268213-7	2008	Additionally, ALA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in CD11b(+) cell number, expression of corneal IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha, and conjunctival TNF-alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	160-169
18155022-0	2008	Modulation of the atrial specific Kv1.5 channel by the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-107	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	34-39
18155022-3	2008	Using electrophysiology, protein biochemistry and fluorescence anisotropy measurements, we tested the effects of ALA on the atrial specific Kv1.5 channel.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	113-116	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	140-145
18155022-4	2008	In stably transfected Ltk(-) cells, ALA blocked Kv1.5 channels in a time- and voltage-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 3.7+/-0.3 microM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	22-25
18155022-4	2008	In stably transfected Ltk(-) cells, ALA blocked Kv1.5 channels in a time- and voltage-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 3.7+/-0.3 microM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-39	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	48-53
18155022-5	2008	ALA at 2.5 microM inhibited the Kv1.5 current, shifted the midpoint of the activation curve by -8.8+/-4.3 mV (p<0.05), accelerated the activation kinetics of Kv1.5 due to a negative shift in its voltage dependency and slowed its deactivation process.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	32-37
18155022-5	2008	ALA at 2.5 microM inhibited the Kv1.5 current, shifted the midpoint of the activation curve by -8.8+/-4.3 mV (p<0.05), accelerated the activation kinetics of Kv1.5 due to a negative shift in its voltage dependency and slowed its deactivation process.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	161-166
18155022-8	2008	These results demonstrate that ALA directly blocks atria-specific Kv1.5 channels without modifying their expression or the bilayer order.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-34	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	66-71
18234128-2	2008	In mammals the n-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA) can be converted into longer-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA such as EPA and DHA via a series of desaturase and elongase enzymes that are mainly active in the liver.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-60	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
18234128-2	2008	In mammals the n-3 essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA) can be converted into longer-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA such as EPA and DHA via a series of desaturase and elongase enzymes that are mainly active in the liver.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-66	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	112-116
17912567-11	2008	E2 significantly favored EPA and DPA production in cells grown for 72 h. Enhanced synthesis of ALA-elongation products in neuroblastoma cells treated with E2 supports the hypothesis that neurosteroids could modulate the metabolism of PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	95-98	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	234-238
18097614-3	2008	The present investigation was aimed at evaluating whether and to what extent the ALA-enriched diet affects the remodeling of CMPH cardiomyocyte intercalated disks and the expression of molecules, including N-cadherin, catenins and connexin 43 (CX43), involved in their organization.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	206-216
18097614-3	2008	The present investigation was aimed at evaluating whether and to what extent the ALA-enriched diet affects the remodeling of CMPH cardiomyocyte intercalated disks and the expression of molecules, including N-cadherin, catenins and connexin 43 (CX43), involved in their organization.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	231-242
18097614-3	2008	The present investigation was aimed at evaluating whether and to what extent the ALA-enriched diet affects the remodeling of CMPH cardiomyocyte intercalated disks and the expression of molecules, including N-cadherin, catenins and connexin 43 (CX43), involved in their organization.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	gap junction protein alpha 1	Homo sapiens	244-248
18075218-0	2008	Interaction between alpha-linolenic acid-enriched oil and ACE inhibitor concerning the decrease in blood pressure in SHR.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-40	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
17716867-0	2007	Alpha-linolenic acid attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
17475460-4	2007	In archived tissues from dietary studies, COX-2 protein and gene expression was up-regulated in diseased pcy mouse and Han:SPRD-cy rat kidneys when given diets containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not those containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), compared to control diets with linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	259-279	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
17475460-4	2007	In archived tissues from dietary studies, COX-2 protein and gene expression was up-regulated in diseased pcy mouse and Han:SPRD-cy rat kidneys when given diets containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not those containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), compared to control diets with linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	281-284	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
19568326-1	2008	The developmental transition from vegetative growth to flowering in Arabidopsis is associated with a precipitous decline in the activity of leaf ascorbate peroxidase (APx), an enzymatic scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, and an increase in specific lipid peroxidation leading to the accumulation of 13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15 (Z,E,Z) octadecatrienoic acid (13 HOO-FA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	327-348	peroxidase	Arabidopsis thaliana	155-165
17971455-8	2007	The first step in the desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid to arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, is catalyzed by Delta6-desaturase (encoded by Fads2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-85	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	168-179
17971455-8	2007	The first step in the desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid and linolenic acid to arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, respectively, is catalyzed by Delta6-desaturase (encoded by Fads2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-85	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	192-197
18060754-7	2007	Dietary alpha-LNA deficiency also promoted accumulation of brain docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6), and upregulated expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes, including cytosolic and secretory phospholipases A(2) and cyclooxygenase-2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-17	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	211-227
17716867-0	2007	Alpha-linolenic acid attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells via PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	127-131
17716867-8	2007	CONCLUSION: ALA exerts an antiapoptotic effect by the phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway in HUVECs exposed to high glucose and thus may represent a candidate therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiovascular complications.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
17716867-8	2007	CONCLUSION: ALA exerts an antiapoptotic effect by the phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase/Akt/eNOS pathway in HUVECs exposed to high glucose and thus may represent a candidate therapeutic agent for diabetic cardiovascular complications.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
17697863-0	2007	Adiponectin levels are reduced, independent of polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene, after supplementation with alpha-linolenic acid among healthy adults.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	113-133	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
17623225-3	2007	AIM OF THE STUDY: We examined the effect of increased dietary intake of ALA on plasma concentration of adiponectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-75	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	103-114
17697863-1	2007	Our first aim was to determine whether an isocaloric intervention using alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the form of flaxseed oil would alter adiponectin levels among overweight, otherwise healthy, males and females, and our second aim was to test for any potential modification of this intervention by 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (276 and 45) in the adiponectin gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-92	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	139-150
17697863-1	2007	Our first aim was to determine whether an isocaloric intervention using alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the form of flaxseed oil would alter adiponectin levels among overweight, otherwise healthy, males and females, and our second aim was to test for any potential modification of this intervention by 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (276 and 45) in the adiponectin gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	94-97	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	139-150
17697863-1	2007	Our first aim was to determine whether an isocaloric intervention using alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the form of flaxseed oil would alter adiponectin levels among overweight, otherwise healthy, males and females, and our second aim was to test for any potential modification of this intervention by 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (276 and 45) in the adiponectin gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	94-97	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	354-365
17697863-7	2007	We found significant decreases (P = .02) in adiponectin (10.12 microg/mL pre, 9.23 microg/mL post) in the ALA group as compared with the control group (7.93 microg/mL pre, 8.10 microg/mL post) after the intervention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-109	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	44-55
17697863-10	2007	In conclusion, this study suggests that supplementing with ALA for 8 weeks may lower adiponectin levels among healthy individuals, and this effect appears to be independent of polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	85-96
17564735-0	2007	Moderate dietary intake of myristic and alpha-linolenic acids increases lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in humans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-61	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	72-108
17564735-5	2007	The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moderate intakes of MA associated with recommended intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on LCAT activity in humans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	116-136	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	146-150
17564735-5	2007	The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moderate intakes of MA associated with recommended intake of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on LCAT activity in humans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	138-141	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	146-150
17564735-10	2007	These results suggest that ALA (from rapeseed oil, mainly in sn-2 position) and MA (from dairy fat, mainly in sn-2 position) favor LCAT activity, by respective increases of 83 and 38%.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	131-135
17564735-13	2007	In conclusion, our results suggest that moderate supply of MA (1.8% TE) associated with the recommended intake of ALA (0.9% TE) contributes to improve LCAT activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	114-117	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	151-155
17409318-0	2007	Competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for Delta 6 desaturase may limit the accumulation of DHA in HepG2 cell membranes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	40-58
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-83	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	11-29
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-83	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-88	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	11-29
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-88	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	241-244	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	11-29
17409318-1	2007	The use of Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) twice in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) suggests that this enzyme may play a key regulatory role in the synthesis and accumulation of DHA from ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	241-244	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
17409318-4	2007	The accumulation of the post-D6D products of 22:5n-3, 24:6n-3 and DHA, in cell phospholipids was saturated at concentrations of >18 microM ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	142-145	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	29-32
17409318-6	2007	The parallel pattern of accumulation of 24:6n-3 and DHA in response to increasing concentrations of ALA suggests that the competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for D6D may contribute to the limited accumulation of DHA in cell membranes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	162-165
17409318-6	2007	The parallel pattern of accumulation of 24:6n-3 and DHA in response to increasing concentrations of ALA suggests that the competition between 24:5n-3 and ALA for D6D may contribute to the limited accumulation of DHA in cell membranes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	154-157	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	162-165
17008073-6	2007	CONCLUSION: The findings of this pilot study indicate that plant ALA in appropriate food items favourably affects the n-3 LC-PUFA status.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-68	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	125-129
17542608-0	2007	Anti-inflammatory effect of alpha-linolenic acid and its mode of action through the inhibition of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression via NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-48	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	126-157
17542608-0	2007	Anti-inflammatory effect of alpha-linolenic acid and its mode of action through the inhibition of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression via NF-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-48	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	178-187
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	19-50
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	52-56
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	59-75
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	77-82
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	89-116
17542608-4	2007	ALA also inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expressions induced by LPS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	118-127
17542608-5	2007	To explore the mechanisms associated with the inhibition of iNOS gene expression by ALA, we investigated its effect on LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	60-64
17542608-5	2007	To explore the mechanisms associated with the inhibition of iNOS gene expression by ALA, we investigated its effect on LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-87	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	154-163
17542608-6	2007	Treatment with ALA reduced a translocation of NF-kappaB subunit and NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	46-55
17542608-6	2007	Treatment with ALA reduced a translocation of NF-kappaB subunit and NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	68-77
17542608-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that ALA downregulates inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha gene expressions through the blocking of NF-kappaB and MAPKs activations in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which may be the mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	74-78
17542608-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that ALA downregulates inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha gene expressions through the blocking of NF-kappaB and MAPKs activations in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which may be the mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	80-85
17542608-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that ALA downregulates inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha gene expressions through the blocking of NF-kappaB and MAPKs activations in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which may be the mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
17542608-11	2007	Taken together, these results suggest that ALA downregulates inflammatory iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-alpha gene expressions through the blocking of NF-kappaB and MAPKs activations in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, which may be the mechanistic basis for the anti-inflammatory effect of ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	142-151
17205339-5	2007	A tobacco endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (NtFAD3) is the main enzyme for production of alpha-linolenic acid of root membrane lipids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	108-128	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	63-69
17507388-2	2007	At 22 degrees C, fad2 mitochondria exhibited a low polyunsaturated fatty acid content and low protein to lipid ratio, while mitochondria from FAD3+ were enriched in linolenic acid and in total membrane protein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-179	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	142-146
17545695-6	2007	RESULTS: CRP was significantly and inversely related to the intakes of oleic acid (p=0.008) and alpha-linolenic acid (p=0.026) in women after adjustment for confounding factors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-116	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	9-12
17545695-7	2007	A multiple regression analysis showed that, especially in the middle tertile of long-chain n-3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) intake, CRP was inversely related to the intake of oleic acid and linoleic acid in both sexes and to the intake of alpha-linolenic acid in women.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	265-285	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	158-161
17545695-8	2007	CONCLUSION: Intakes of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid would reduce serum CRP, especially when the intake of long-chain n-3 PUFAs is at a moderate level in Japanese.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-74	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	94-97
17556656-9	2007	Altogether these data indicate that TREK-1 activation elicits a robust dilation that probably accounts for the increase of cerebral blood flow induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid or docosahexanoic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	190-210	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	36-42
17205339-6	2007	Tobacco hairy roots transformed with the RNAi vectors against the NtFAD3 gene showed a decrease in alpha-linolenic acid content.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-119	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	66-72
17406927-2	2007	Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) is the delta-6 desaturase product of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), and when fed to humans, increases red blood cell (RBC) content of EPA to a greater extent than does ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	69-89	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	39-57
17406927-2	2007	Stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) is the delta-6 desaturase product of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), and when fed to humans, increases red blood cell (RBC) content of EPA to a greater extent than does ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-94	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	39-57
17284757-2	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test whether the common deletion [T/-] in the promoter of FADS2 affects the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and consequently modifies the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on myocardial infarction (MI).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	168-188	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
17284757-2	2007	OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test whether the common deletion [T/-] in the promoter of FADS2 affects the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and consequently modifies the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on myocardial infarction (MI).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	190-193	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
17284757-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The FADS2 deletion may prevent the conversion of ALA into very-long-chain PUFAs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-65	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	17-22
16927335-5	2007	Among the n-3, n-6, and n-9 fatty acid families, only eicosapentaenoic acid was able to lower SR-BI protein expression on both sides, whereas apical alpha-linolenic acid decreased SR-BI abundance and basolateral arachidonic acid (AA) raised it.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	149-169	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
17059813-0	2007	Differential sensitivities of the NCX1.1 and NCX1.3 isoforms of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger to alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-110	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	34-38
17059813-0	2007	Differential sensitivities of the NCX1.1 and NCX1.3 isoforms of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger to alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-110	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	45-49
17059813-7	2007	The effect of 25 microM ALA on NCX1.1 and NCX1.3 activity was also assessed in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by measuring [Ca(2+)](i) following substitution of [Na(+)](o) with Li(+).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	31-35
17059813-9	2007	ALA and EPA (25 microM) reduced the Ni(2+)-sensitive forward NCX1.1 current (at -100 mV) by 64% and reverse current (at +60 mV) by 57%, and inhibited the Ni(2+)-sensitive NCX1.3 forward and reverse currents by 79% and 76%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	61-65
17059813-9	2007	ALA and EPA (25 microM) reduced the Ni(2+)-sensitive forward NCX1.1 current (at -100 mV) by 64% and reverse current (at +60 mV) by 57%, and inhibited the Ni(2+)-sensitive NCX1.3 forward and reverse currents by 79% and 76%, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	171-175
17059813-11	2007	Inhibition of NCX1.3 by ALA occurred at a much lower IC(50) ( approximately 19 nM) than for NCX1.1 ( approximately 120 nM).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	14-18
17059813-13	2007	CONCLUSIONS: NCX1.3 is more sensitive to inhibition by ALA than NCX1.1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-58	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Homo sapiens	13-17
17898500-5	2007	Levels of plasma vasodilators, such as prostaglandin I(2) metabolite, nitric oxide metabolites, and bradykinin, in the ALA group were significantly higher than those in the control group, but levels of vasoconstrictors, such as angiotensin II and thromboxane A(2) metabolite, did not differ significantly.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	228-242
17892040-2	2007	To EFA-s belongs: linoleic acid (LA) (18:2,cis detla(9,12), omega6)--precursor o f gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3,cisA6,9,12, )6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)(18:3,cisdelta(9, 12, 15), omega3)--product of dehydrogenation of linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	164-184	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	105-108
17284733-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Increased intakes of dietary ALA elicit antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in cultured PBMCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	92-96
17284733-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Increased intakes of dietary ALA elicit antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in cultured PBMCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	98-106
17284733-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Increased intakes of dietary ALA elicit antiinflammatory effects by inhibiting IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production in cultured PBMCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	112-121
17284733-11	2007	Changes in PBMC ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (derived from dietary ALA) are associated with beneficial changes in TNF-alpha release.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
17284733-11	2007	Changes in PBMC ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid (derived from dietary ALA) are associated with beneficial changes in TNF-alpha release.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
17098406-5	2007	MUFA, LA and ALA accumulation in the non-lipogenic tissues of BKS-db/db mice was associated with reduced liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	111-136
17284733-7	2007	RESULTS: IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production by PBMCs and serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.08, respectively) with the ALA diet than with the LA diet or AAD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-161	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	9-13
17284733-7	2007	RESULTS: IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production by PBMCs and serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.08, respectively) with the ALA diet than with the LA diet or AAD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-161	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	15-23
17284733-7	2007	RESULTS: IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production by PBMCs and serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.08, respectively) with the ALA diet than with the LA diet or AAD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-161	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
17284733-7	2007	RESULTS: IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha production by PBMCs and serum TNF-alpha concentrations were lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.08, respectively) with the ALA diet than with the LA diet or AAD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-161	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
17284733-8	2007	PBMC production of TNF-alpha was inversely correlated with ALA (r = -0.402, P = 0.07) and with eicosapentaenoic acid (r = -0.476, P = 0.03) concentrations in PBMC lipids with the ALA diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
17284733-8	2007	PBMC production of TNF-alpha was inversely correlated with ALA (r = -0.402, P = 0.07) and with eicosapentaenoic acid (r = -0.476, P = 0.03) concentrations in PBMC lipids with the ALA diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	179-182	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
17284733-9	2007	Changes in serum ALA were inversely correlated with changes in TNF-alpha produced by PBMCs (r = -0.423, P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-72
17892040-2	2007	To EFA-s belongs: linoleic acid (LA) (18:2,cis detla(9,12), omega6)--precursor o f gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) (18:3,cisA6,9,12, )6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)(18:3,cisdelta(9, 12, 15), omega3)--product of dehydrogenation of linoleic acid (LA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	186-189	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	105-108
17892040-12	2007	delta6-desaturase (transformes linolenic acid into gamma-linolenic acid by making additional double bond) is the slowest step of the fatty acid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-45	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	0-17
16234304-6	2006	Lower alpha-linolenic acid was associated with higher C-reactive protein and IL-1ra, and lower eicosapentaenoic acid was associated with higher IL-6 and lower TGFbeta.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	6-26	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	54-72
17134970-3	2006	HYPOTHESIS: The molecular mechanism by which ALA inhibits breast cancer cell growth and metastasis formation may involve a direct regulation of HER2, a well-characterized oncogene playing a key role in the etiology, progression and response to some chemo- and endocrine therapies in approximately 20% of breast carcinomas.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-48	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
17134970-7	2006	RESULTS: ALA treatment dramatically suppressed the expression of HER2-coded p185Her-2/neu oncoprotein as determined by ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting techniques.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
17134970-7	2006	RESULTS: ALA treatment dramatically suppressed the expression of HER2-coded p185Her-2/neu oncoprotein as determined by ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting techniques.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	9-12	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	76-89
17134970-8	2006	Interestingly, ALA-induced down-regulation of p185Her-2/neu correlated with a transcriptional response as no HER2 mRNA signal could be detected by RT-PCR upon treatment with optimal concentrations of ALA (up to 20 microM).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	46-59
17134970-8	2006	Interestingly, ALA-induced down-regulation of p185Her-2/neu correlated with a transcriptional response as no HER2 mRNA signal could be detected by RT-PCR upon treatment with optimal concentrations of ALA (up to 20 microM).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	200-203	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	46-59
17134970-9	2006	Consistent with these findings, ALA exposure was found to dramatically repress the activity of a Luciferase reporter gene driven by the HER2 promoter.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-35	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
16955349-0	2006	Fractionation and identification of 9c, 11t, 13t-conjugated linolenic acid as an activator of PPARalpha in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	94-103
16955349-6	2006	Based on Mass, NMR, and IR spectroscopy, 9cis, 11trans, 13trans-conjugated linolenic acid (9c, 11t, 13t-CLN) was identified as a PPARalpha activator in wild bitter gourd.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	129-138
17032029-2	2006	The peroxidation of free linoleic or linolenic acid by action of lipoxygenase and then the lysis of the resulting hydroperoxides, through a reaction catalyzed by the hydroperoxide lyase, are the most determinant steps of this pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-51	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-77
17032029-2	2006	The peroxidation of free linoleic or linolenic acid by action of lipoxygenase and then the lysis of the resulting hydroperoxides, through a reaction catalyzed by the hydroperoxide lyase, are the most determinant steps of this pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-51	lyase	Arabidopsis thaliana	180-185
16963244-2	2006	We evaluated this hypothesis in an extended series of experiments on rats chronically diet-deficient in alpha-linolenic acid, the precursor of long-chain n-3 PUFA, in which we studied several parameters of these neurotransmission systems.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	104-124	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	158-162
16963244-5	2006	We also demonstrated that (i) a reversal diet with adequate n-6 and n-3 PUFA given during the lactating period to rats originating from alpha-linolenic acid-deficient dams was able to restore both the fatty acid composition of brain membranes and several parameters of the dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission, and (ii) when given from weaning, this reversal diet allowed partial recovery of biochemical parameters, but no recovery of neurochemical factors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	136-156	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
16899083-4	2006	StAOS3 is distinguished from the other two AOS isoforms in potato by its high substrate specificity for 9-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acid, compared with 13-hydroperoxides, which are only poor substrates.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-151	9-divinyl ether synthase-like	Solanum tuberosum	0-6
16482073-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In healthy elderly subjects, ALA might affect concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and apoB more favorably than EPA/DHA, whereas EPA/DHA seems to affect TFPI more beneficially.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	97-101
16767448-13	2006	These markers will be highly useful for direct selection of desirable fad2 and fad3c alleles during marker-assisted trait introgression and breeding of canola with high oleic and low linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	183-197	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Brassica napus	70-74
16356474-2	2006	We found that an unsaturated long-chain FFA, alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA), resulted in increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels when administered into the colon.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	glucagon	Mus musculus	107-112
16356474-2	2006	We found that an unsaturated long-chain FFA, alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA), resulted in increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin levels when administered into the colon.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-75	glucagon	Mus musculus	107-112
16430627-7	2006	The PSA level was significantly positively correlated with ALA level in prostate tissue (r = 0.42, P < 0.01) but there was no significant correlation between PSA level and EPA and DHA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	4-7
16430627-11	2006	This is in accordance with the strong positive association between PSA and ALA levels in prostate tissue.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-78	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	67-70
17134970-0	2006	HER2 (erbB-2)-targeted effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), in breast cancer cells: the "fat features" of the "Mediterranean diet" as an "anti-HER2 cocktail".	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
17134970-0	2006	HER2 (erbB-2)-targeted effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), in breast cancer cells: the "fat features" of the "Mediterranean diet" as an "anti-HER2 cocktail".	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
17134970-0	2006	HER2 (erbB-2)-targeted effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), in breast cancer cells: the "fat features" of the "Mediterranean diet" as an "anti-HER2 cocktail".	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
17134970-0	2006	HER2 (erbB-2)-targeted effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), in breast cancer cells: the "fat features" of the "Mediterranean diet" as an "anti-HER2 cocktail".	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-99	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	6-12
17134970-2	2006	A recent pilot clinical trial assessing the effects of ALA-rich dietary flaxseed on tumor biological markers in postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer demonstrated significant reductions in tumor growth and in HER2 (erbB-2) oncogene expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-58	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	222-226
17134970-2	2006	A recent pilot clinical trial assessing the effects of ALA-rich dietary flaxseed on tumor biological markers in postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer demonstrated significant reductions in tumor growth and in HER2 (erbB-2) oncogene expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-58	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	228-234
16716580-9	2006	The increased ALA and reduced DHA proportions in the animals re-fed ALA in later life are consistent with a dysfunction or down-regulation of the conversion of ALA to 18:4n-3 by the delta-6 desaturase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-200
16716580-9	2006	The increased ALA and reduced DHA proportions in the animals re-fed ALA in later life are consistent with a dysfunction or down-regulation of the conversion of ALA to 18:4n-3 by the delta-6 desaturase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-200
16716580-9	2006	The increased ALA and reduced DHA proportions in the animals re-fed ALA in later life are consistent with a dysfunction or down-regulation of the conversion of ALA to 18:4n-3 by the delta-6 desaturase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-200
16823888-5	2006	It exhibited omega3 fatty acid desaturase activity in S. cerevisiae when expressed under the control of ADH1 promoter in the presence of the exogenous substrate linoleic acid and produced alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	188-208	alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	104-108
16499938-0	2006	Spray-dried milk supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decreases HMG Co A reductase activity and increases biliary secretion of lipids in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-55	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	116-134
16234304-6	2006	Lower alpha-linolenic acid was associated with higher C-reactive protein and IL-1ra, and lower eicosapentaenoic acid was associated with higher IL-6 and lower TGFbeta.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	6-26	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	77-83
16441943-3	2006	An important question is whether dietary intake of the precursor n-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLNA), can provide sufficient amounts of tissue EPA and DHA by conversion through the n-3 PUFA elongation-desaturation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-101	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	197-201
16441943-3	2006	An important question is whether dietary intake of the precursor n-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLNA), can provide sufficient amounts of tissue EPA and DHA by conversion through the n-3 PUFA elongation-desaturation pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-111	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	197-201
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	actin, beta	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
16289892-8	2006	Alpha-linolenic acid- and riluzole treatment were associated with a reduction in cytopathological features of cell injury, including DNA fragmentation and Bax expression in the cortex and the caudate putamen.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	155-158
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	HNF1 homeobox A	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
16290114-4	2005	Both linoleic acid- and linolenic acid-enriched diets induced a decrease of beta-actin, AFP, PCNA, c-myc and of hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha mRNA levels in tumor tissue whereas HNF-3beta expression was induced by both dietary treatments.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	forkhead box A2	Rattus norvegicus	201-210
16290114-7	2005	It was found that alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet did not enhance the C/EBPalpha mRNA content in hepatoma tissue while inducing C/EBPalpha protein expression with an isoform pattern similar to the hepatic phenotype.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
16290114-8	2005	This evidence implies that alpha-linolenic acid or one of its metabolic products induce albumin synthesis in hepatoma cells by modulating C/EBPalpha gene expression at post-transcriptional level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-47	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
16332649-11	2005	Eicosapentaenoic acid in phospholipids (P = 0.06) and CEs (P < 0.05) and linolenic acid in CEs (P < 0.05) were inversely related to C-reactive protein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	76-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	138-156
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-44
16106053-6	2005	With the present method, we, for the first time, determined the lipid alkyl radicals generated from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid via soybean lipoxygenase-1 or the radical initiator 2,2"-azobis(2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	115-129	seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1	Glycine max	164-178
16571856-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To assess whether dietary linolenic acid is associated with fasting insulin and glucose.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
16571856-5	2006	RESULTS: From the lowest to the highest sex-specific quartile of dietary linolenic acid, means +/- standard error for logarithmic transformed fasting insulin were 4.06 +/- 0.02 (reference), 4.09 +/- 0.02, 4.13 +/- 0.02, and 4.17 +/- 0.02 pM, respectively (trend, p < 0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	73-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
16571856-8	2006	DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that higher consumption of dietary linolenic acid is associated with higher plasma insulin, but not glucose levels, in non-diabetic subjects.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	46-54
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-68
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	111-137
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	168-216
16169525-4	2005	In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	218-227
15825825-1	2005	This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of modifying 18-carbon PUFA [18-C PUFA: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6)] in the diets of term and preterm infants on DHA (22:6n-3) status, growth, and developmental outcomes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	110-130	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
16052483-7	2005	These results suggest that a supply of ALA and LA is responsible for BF-induced oxidative stress via PKCalpha-NADPH oxidase pathway, and that enhanced antiproliferative effects in OBF treated cells is essentially determined by RA-induced pro-apoptotic activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	101-109
16104814-3	2005	Here, we examined the effects of LOX 3 on hexenal formation from linolenic acid homogenized with watermelon 13-hydroperoxide lyase (HL)-overexpressing Nicotiana tabacum leaves and soybean acetone powder.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-79	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	33-36
15921978-3	2005	Chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, respectively) has been performed using hydrogen peroxide and immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	76-90	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	165-171
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	98-113
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	115-118
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	131-149
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	151-154
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	167-203
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
15678256-6	2005	In addition, ALA supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the serum concentration of serum amyloid A (SAA) (p=0.014), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.013), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) (p<0.001), and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.028).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	229-247
15961301-0	2005	Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-73	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	113-119
15961301-0	2005	Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-73	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	121-124
15961301-0	2005	Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	129-138
15927976-3	2005	METHODS AND RESULTS: To examine the association between dietary linolenic acid measured by food frequency questionnaire and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries (CAC) measured by cardiac CT, we studied 2004 white participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study aged 32 to 93 years.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-78	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	183-186
15927976-5	2005	We used generalized estimating equations to estimate odds ratios for the presence of CAC across quintiles of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-123	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	85-88
15927976-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of dietary linolenic acid is associated with a lower prevalence of CAC in a dose-response fashion in white men and women.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	92-95
15774482-7	2005	We first found that linolenic acid potently activated ERK and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt) in STC-1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	54-57
15774482-7	2005	We first found that linolenic acid potently activated ERK and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt) in STC-1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-34	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	62-65
15774482-7	2005	We first found that linolenic acid potently activated ERK and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt) in STC-1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-34	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	84-87
15774482-7	2005	We first found that linolenic acid potently activated ERK and Akt/protein kinase B (Akt) in STC-1 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-34	stanniocalcin 1	Mus musculus	92-97
15774482-8	2005	ERK kinase inhibitors significantly reduced the anti-apoptotic effects of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-3
15777688-5	2005	The expression of RsPHGPx in a yeast PHGPx-deletion mutant significantly rescued the mutant sensitivity to oxidation-sensitive linolenic acid, just as the yeast PHGPx3 gene did.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	127-141	probable glutathione peroxidase 3, mitochondrial	Raphanus sativus	20-25
16094853-8	2005	An increase in total CLA in milk fat was observed, and total CLA remained elevated during the weeks of enriched alpha-linolenate feeding.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-128	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	61-64
15763545-7	2005	In conclusion, LA, alpha-LNA and SA are differentially metabolized in THP-1 and in HepG2 cells and their increased conversion by simvastatin is lower in HepG2 than in THP-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-28	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	70-75
15763545-7	2005	In conclusion, LA, alpha-LNA and SA are differentially metabolized in THP-1 and in HepG2 cells and their increased conversion by simvastatin is lower in HepG2 than in THP-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-28	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	167-172
15740054-2	2005	The most determinant steps of this pathway are the peroxidation of free linoleic or linolenic acid by the action of lipoxygenase and then the lysis of the resulting hydroperoxides through a reaction catalyzed by the hydroperoxide lyase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-98	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	116-128
15825825-1	2005	This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of modifying 18-carbon PUFA [18-C PUFA: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6)] in the diets of term and preterm infants on DHA (22:6n-3) status, growth, and developmental outcomes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	110-130	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	104-108
15825825-1	2005	This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of modifying 18-carbon PUFA [18-C PUFA: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6)] in the diets of term and preterm infants on DHA (22:6n-3) status, growth, and developmental outcomes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-135	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
15825825-1	2005	This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of modifying 18-carbon PUFA [18-C PUFA: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6)] in the diets of term and preterm infants on DHA (22:6n-3) status, growth, and developmental outcomes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-135	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	104-108
15776817-6	2005	Linolenic acid (C18:3) produced greater permeability of insulin through epidermis than did other fatty acids during passive (44.45 x 10(-4) cm/h) and iontophoretic (78.03 x 10(-4) cm/h) transport.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	56-63
15776817-7	2005	Lispro insulin flux was significantly (p<0.05) greater through linolenic acid and limonene pretreated epidermis compared to untreated controls during both passive and iontophoretic transports.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	66-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
15347800-6	2004	Addition of linoleic or linolenic acid to fruit homogenates significantly increased the levels of flavor volatiles, but the increase with the TomloxC-depleted transgenic fruit extracts was much lower than with the wild-type control.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-38	lipoxygenase	Solanum lycopersicum	142-149
15741054-1	2005	The bioactivity of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production has not been evaluated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-75	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	94-110
15741054-1	2005	The bioactivity of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production has not been evaluated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-75	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	112-117
15618643-0	2004	The 9cis,11trans,13cis isomer of conjugated linolenic acid reduces apolipoprotein B100 secretion and triacylglycerol synthesis in HepG2 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-58	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	67-86
15672469-1	2004	The two essential fatty acids linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, precursors of the n-6 and n-3 PUFA family, respectively, are known to play a strong regulatory function on cells via their incorporation into membrane phospholipids, and also on microcirculation by the production of eicosanoids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-64	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	96-100
15514264-4	2004	The ALA Diet decreased C-reactive protein (CRP, P < 0.01), whereas the LA Diet tended to decrease CRP (P = 0.08).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	4-7	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	23-41
15514264-4	2004	The ALA Diet decreased C-reactive protein (CRP, P < 0.01), whereas the LA Diet tended to decrease CRP (P = 0.08).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	4-7	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	43-46
15514264-6	2004	Changes in CRP and VCAM-1 were inversely associated with changes in serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.496, P = 0.016; r = -0.418, P = 0.047), or EPA plus docosapentaenoic acid (r = -0.409, P = 0.053; r = -0.357, P = 0.091) after subjects consumed the ALA Diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	259-262	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	11-14
15514264-6	2004	Changes in CRP and VCAM-1 were inversely associated with changes in serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (r = -0.496, P = 0.016; r = -0.418, P = 0.047), or EPA plus docosapentaenoic acid (r = -0.409, P = 0.053; r = -0.357, P = 0.091) after subjects consumed the ALA Diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	259-262	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	19-25
15356262-6	2004	The binding curve of the LTP1-linolenic acid complex to purified tobacco plasma membranes is comparable to the curve obtained with LTP1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-44	non-specific lipid-transfer protein 1	Nicotiana tabacum	25-29
15307955-4	2004	In a conventional FXR binding assay, arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DA, 22:6), and linolenic acid (LA, 18:3) had an affinity of 2.6, 1.5, and 3.5 microM, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-117	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
15327985-3	2004	A tobacco endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (NtFAD3) catalyzes the formation of alpha-linolenate (18:3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	98-114	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	63-69
15481543-3	2004	Delta6-fatty acid desaturase (D6D) is the rate-limiting enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to GLA and octadecatetraenoic acid (OTA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-141	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	151-154
15481543-3	2004	Delta6-fatty acid desaturase (D6D) is the rate-limiting enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to GLA and octadecatetraenoic acid (OTA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-146	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	151-154
15170673-0	2004	Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPARgamma expression and alteration of lipid composition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-50	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	153-162
15304743-8	2004	Moreover, conjugated linolenic acid from bitter gourd at lower concentrations that was without effects by itself synergistically stimulated TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	140-149
15220952-0	2004	Increased alpha-linolenic acid intake lowers C-reactive protein, but has no effect on markers of atherosclerosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-30	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	45-63
15220952-7	2004	After 1 and 2 y, ALA users had a lower CRP level than LA users (net differences -0.53 and -0.56 mg/l, respectively, P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	39-42
15220952-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: A six-fold increased ALA intake lowers CRP, when compared to a control diet high in LA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-37	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	52-55
15226473-5	2004	The intake of alpha-linolenic acid was inversely related to plasma concentrations of CRP (beta = -0.55, P = 0.02), Il-6 (beta = -0.36, P = 0.01), and E-selectin (beta = -0.24, P = 0.008) after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and intake of linoleic acid (n-6) and saturated fat.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-34	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	85-88
15226473-5	2004	The intake of alpha-linolenic acid was inversely related to plasma concentrations of CRP (beta = -0.55, P = 0.02), Il-6 (beta = -0.36, P = 0.01), and E-selectin (beta = -0.24, P = 0.008) after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and intake of linoleic acid (n-6) and saturated fat.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-34	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	115-119
15226473-5	2004	The intake of alpha-linolenic acid was inversely related to plasma concentrations of CRP (beta = -0.55, P = 0.02), Il-6 (beta = -0.36, P = 0.01), and E-selectin (beta = -0.24, P = 0.008) after controlling for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and intake of linoleic acid (n-6) and saturated fat.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-34	selectin E	Homo sapiens	150-160
13130515-0	2003	Docosahexaenoic acid membrane content and mRNA expression of acyl-CoA oxidase and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta are modulated in Y79 retinoblastoma cells differently by low and high doses of alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	213-233	acyl-CoA oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	61-77
15157896-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a short-term isocaloric exchange of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n3) for linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n6) on fasting levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL6R), and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors 1 and 2 (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) in healthy normal weight and overweight/obese adult males.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	interleukin 6 receptor	Homo sapiens	169-191
15138577-4	2004	Of the omega-3 PUFAs tested, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dramatically reduced FAS activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 61%).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-49	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	77-80
15138577-4	2004	Of the omega-3 PUFAs tested, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) dramatically reduced FAS activity in a dose-dependent manner (up to 61%).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-54	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	77-80
15138577-8	2004	Western blotting studies showed that down-regulation of FAS protein expression tightly correlated with previously observed inhibition of FAS activity, suggesting that ALA-, DHA-, and GLA-induced changes in FAS activity resulted from effects at the protein level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-170	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	56-59
15138577-8	2004	Western blotting studies showed that down-regulation of FAS protein expression tightly correlated with previously observed inhibition of FAS activity, suggesting that ALA-, DHA-, and GLA-induced changes in FAS activity resulted from effects at the protein level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-170	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	137-140
15138577-8	2004	Western blotting studies showed that down-regulation of FAS protein expression tightly correlated with previously observed inhibition of FAS activity, suggesting that ALA-, DHA-, and GLA-induced changes in FAS activity resulted from effects at the protein level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-170	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	137-140
15138577-12	2004	In the presence of anti-oxidants (vitamin E), ALA and GLA dramatically lost their ability to inhibit FAS activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-49	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	101-104
15217016-12	2004	Addition of alpha-LA numerically increased (P = 0.16) the LPL mRNA concentration 48% at 1 microM alpha-LA compared with the control.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-20	lipoprotein lipase	Bos taurus	58-61
15173404-2	2004	Shorter-chain dietary (n-3) PUFA such as alpha-linolenic acid from vegetable oils are inefficiently converted to EPA and DHA and do not possess the hypotriglyceridemic properties attributed to fish oils.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-61	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
15971598-5	2004	delta6-fatty acid desaturase is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of PUFAs, which catalyses the conversion of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to gamma-linolenic acid and stearidonic acid respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-160	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
15270551-2	2004	After optimization, the standard in vitro conditions for the measurement of delta6-desaturase activity were as follows: 60 micromol x L(-1) alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), reaction time of 20 min and protein content of 0.4 mg. Data showed that cell treatment with 0.5 mmol x L(-1) myristic acid during 43 h specifically increased delta6-desaturase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-160	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-93
14677858-10	2003	To determine whether a component of flax, alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA), was directly responsible for IGF-I mRNA down-regulation, we incubated primary cultures of bovine satellite cells, from implanted and nonimplanted steers, in two concentrations of alphaLA (10 nM and 1 microM).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-71	IGFI	Bos taurus	103-108
14563831-0	2004	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid reduces COX-2 expression and induces apoptosis of hepatoma cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
14563831-9	2004	Conversely, it was observed that apoptosis induced by the alpha-linolenic acid-enriched diet correlated with a decrease in arachidonate content in hepatoma cells and decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-78	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	176-192
15455656-7	2004	In contrast, ALA intake is associated with inhibitory effects on the clotting activity of platelets, on their response to thrombin, and on the regulation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	122-130
13130515-0	2003	Docosahexaenoic acid membrane content and mRNA expression of acyl-CoA oxidase and of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta are modulated in Y79 retinoblastoma cells differently by low and high doses of alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	213-233	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	85-133
14584603-1	2003	Cyclic FA monomers (CFAM) formed during heating of alpha-linolenic acid have been reported to interfere in hepatic metabolism in a putatively peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	142-190
14669969-0	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the n-3 PUFA content of sow"s milk and the tissues of the suckling piglet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
14584603-1	2003	Cyclic FA monomers (CFAM) formed during heating of alpha-linolenic acid have been reported to interfere in hepatic metabolism in a putatively peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	192-201
14682619-4	2003	RP-HPLC and GC-MS analysis showed that the purified LOX converts alpha-linolenic acid into 13-hydroperoxylinolenic acid and 9-hydroperoxylinolenic acid in a 6:4 ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	65-85	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase1	Zea mays	52-55
12837953-1	2003	Genetic analysis of the wound response pathway in tomato indicates that systemin and its precursor protein, prosystemin, are upstream components of a defensive signaling cascade that involves the synthesis and subsequent action of the octadecatrienoic acid (18:3)-derived plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	235-256	systemin	Solanum lycopersicum	72-80
12826254-1	2003	In the present study, the carbon-centered radicals formed from two omega-3 PUFAs (linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) resulting from their reactions with soybean lipoxygenase in the presence of alpha-[4-pyridyl 1-oxide]-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) were investigated using the combination of LC/ESR and LC/MS techniques.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-96	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	167-179
12840180-1	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) can be converted to long-chain (n-3) PUFA in humans and may potentially reproduce the beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
12840180-1	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) can be converted to long-chain (n-3) PUFA in humans and may potentially reproduce the beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids on risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
12713571-1	2003	Delta-6 desaturase, also known as fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2), is a component of a lipid metabolic pathway that converts the essential fatty acids linoleate and alpha-linolenate into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-181	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	0-18
12713571-1	2003	Delta-6 desaturase, also known as fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2), is a component of a lipid metabolic pathway that converts the essential fatty acids linoleate and alpha-linolenate into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-181	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	34-57
12713571-1	2003	Delta-6 desaturase, also known as fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2), is a component of a lipid metabolic pathway that converts the essential fatty acids linoleate and alpha-linolenate into long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-181	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
12818406-0	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	39-57
12818406-0	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	59-74
12818406-0	2003	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	79-92
12818406-9	2003	RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with ALA decreased significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	66-69
12818406-9	2003	RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with ALA decreased significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	71-74
12818406-9	2003	RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with ALA decreased significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	79-83
12818406-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation with ALA for 3 months decreases significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	83-86
12818406-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation with ALA for 3 months decreases significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	88-91
12818406-13	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary supplementation with ALA for 3 months decreases significantly CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels in dyslipidaemic patients.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
12414865-7	2002	Thus, it is proposed that serum leptin levels were affected by the high amount of alpha-linolenic acid in rapeseed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-102	leptin	Homo sapiens	32-38
12667383-7	2003	Treatment of HUVECs with PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and prostaglandin J(2), but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34
12667383-7	2003	Treatment of HUVECs with PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and prostaglandin J(2), but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-I mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
12482451-3	2003	Enzymatic formation of these C5 volatiles was found to be dependent on alpha-linolenic acid or the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of alpha-linolenic acid [13(S)-HPOT] and blocked by LOX inhibitors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-91	seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-3	Glycine max	171-174
12482451-3	2003	Enzymatic formation of these C5 volatiles was found to be dependent on alpha-linolenic acid or the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of alpha-linolenic acid [13(S)-HPOT] and blocked by LOX inhibitors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	122-142	seed linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-3	Glycine max	171-174
12617463-3	2002	The main role of ALA was assumed to be as a precursor to the longer-chain n-3 PUFA, EPA and DHA, and particularly for supplying DHA for neural tissue.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	78-82
12364559-0	2002	Leptin levels in rat offspring are modified by the ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid in the maternal diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-92	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
11988075-1	2002	The recently cloned Delta6-desaturase is known to catalyse the first step in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, i.e. the desaturation of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	172-193	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
12906165-6	2002	Treatment of HUVECs with PPARalpha and PPAR gamma activators--linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and prostaglandin J2 respectively, but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34
12906165-6	2002	Treatment of HUVECs with PPARalpha and PPAR gamma activators--linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and prostaglandin J2 respectively, but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	39-49
12906165-6	2002	Treatment of HUVECs with PPARalpha and PPAR gamma activators--linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and prostaglandin J2 respectively, but not with stearic acid could augment PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-76	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
12042419-3	2002	In the presence of linoleic acid as substrate, cells treated with 25 micromol/L of trans-10,cis-12 CLA had lower ratios of dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid to linoleic acid and of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid in phospholipids than control cells; with alpha-linolenic acid as substrate, they had a lower ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in phospholipids than control cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-270	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	99-102
12042419-3	2002	In the presence of linoleic acid as substrate, cells treated with 25 micromol/L of trans-10,cis-12 CLA had lower ratios of dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid to linoleic acid and of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid in phospholipids than control cells; with alpha-linolenic acid as substrate, they had a lower ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in phospholipids than control cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	336-356	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	99-102
12213493-4	2002	Here we show by oxylipin profiling that potato plants react to pathogen infection with increases in the amounts of the 9-LOX-derived 9,10,11- and 9,12,13-trihydroxy derivatives of linolenic acid (LnA), the divinyl ethers colnelenic acid (CnA) and colneleic acid (CA) as well as 9-hydroxy linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	180-194	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	121-124
12172844-6	2002	Furthermore, the activities of LOX forms metabolizing linolenic acid were detected by measuring the accumulation of volatile aldehydes and the allene oxide synthase-derived metabolite jasmonic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-68	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5-like	Cucumis sativus	31-34
11801360-4	2002	Neuronal degeneration, assessed by analysis of neuronal density on Cresyl Violet-stained hippocampal sections, was significantly reduced in linolenic acid-treated rats (94-85% of cell survival in the ischemic model and 99-79% of cell survival in the epileptic model in respective CA1 and CA3 subfields).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-154	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	280-283
12058962-15	2002	For comparison, the effects of other UFAs were examined on VNR chemosensitivity: GLA was the most potent at enhancing VNR activity, followed by docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3) and alpha-linolenic acid (18: 3n-3), whereas linoleic acid (18: 2n-6) and arachidonic acid (20: 4n-6) did not increase VNR chemosensitivity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	214-234	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	81-84
11801360-4	2002	Neuronal degeneration, assessed by analysis of neuronal density on Cresyl Violet-stained hippocampal sections, was significantly reduced in linolenic acid-treated rats (94-85% of cell survival in the ischemic model and 99-79% of cell survival in the epileptic model in respective CA1 and CA3 subfields).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-154	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	288-291
11801360-5	2002	The neuroprotection observed following the injection of linolenic acid 3 days prior to induction of a severe ischemic or epileptic challenge was associated with the induction of the neuroprotective HSP70 heat shock protein within the time window of protection.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-70	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	198-203
11801360-6	2002	The injection of 500 nmol/kg of linolenic acid induced a maximal HSP70 expression of 387% at 72 h. In contrast, the overexpression of one well-known protein inducer of neuronal cell death, Bax, which is induced by both ischemic and kainic acid-induced epileptic insults, was prevented by linolenic acid in the 3-day window of protection.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-46	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
11801360-6	2002	The injection of 500 nmol/kg of linolenic acid induced a maximal HSP70 expression of 387% at 72 h. In contrast, the overexpression of one well-known protein inducer of neuronal cell death, Bax, which is induced by both ischemic and kainic acid-induced epileptic insults, was prevented by linolenic acid in the 3-day window of protection.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-46	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
11801360-6	2002	The injection of 500 nmol/kg of linolenic acid induced a maximal HSP70 expression of 387% at 72 h. In contrast, the overexpression of one well-known protein inducer of neuronal cell death, Bax, which is induced by both ischemic and kainic acid-induced epileptic insults, was prevented by linolenic acid in the 3-day window of protection.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	288-302	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
11483627-7	2001	The inefficiency of the conversion of 18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 indicates that the biosynthesis of long-chain n-3 PUFA from alpha-linolenic acid is limited in healthy individuals.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-137	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	107-111
11595796-2	2001	The defects were rescued by the exogenous application of jasmonic acid (JA) or linolenic acid, which is consistent with the reduced accumulation of JA in the dad1 flower buds.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-93	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	158-162
11432467-1	2001	Seed from maize (corn) Zea mays provides a ready source of 9-lipoxygenase that oxidizes linoleic acid and linolenic acid into 9(S)-hydroperoxy-10(E),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid and 9(S)-hydroperoxy-10(E),12(Z),15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-120	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase4	Zea mays	61-73
11425894-3	2001	A sublethal 3 min ischemia, a dose of 5 mg/kg kainic acid (KA5) or 500 nmol of linolenic acid (LIN500) led to a rapid increase of NFkappaB DNA-binding activity and nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NFkappaB in neurons.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-93	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
11469652-1	2001	We investigated the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) of laying hens on the fatty acid composition of liver microsomes and activity of delta-6 desaturase in hatched chicks.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-59	fatty acid desaturase 2	Gallus gallus	156-174
11439130-2	2001	The Thi 2.1 thionin gene of Arabidopsis thaliana has been shown to be inducible by jasmonic acid (JA), an oxylipin-like hormone derived from oxygenated linolenic acid and synthesized via the octadecanoid pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	152-166	thionin 2.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-11
11015469-3	2000	Stearidonic acid [SDA, 18:4(n-3)], the Delta6-desaturase product of ALA, which is readily metabolized to EPA, has not been evaluated previously for antitumorigenic efficacy.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	45-56
11361131-4	2001	The recombinant lipoxygenases were then characterized as to substrate preference, pH profiles for the most common plant lipoxygenase substrates, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, and the reaction products with the substrates linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and the triacylglycerol trilinolein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	164-184	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	16-28
11354256-2	2001	Most of LC-PUFA are derived from linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-71	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	11-15
11352654-3	2001	We expressed the Brassica napus FAD3 gene, which encodes an enzyme for synthesis of linolenic acid, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and observed a temperature-dependent increase in linolenic acid production at cooler growth temperatures.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-98	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Brassica napus	32-36
11352654-3	2001	We expressed the Brassica napus FAD3 gene, which encodes an enzyme for synthesis of linolenic acid, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and observed a temperature-dependent increase in linolenic acid production at cooler growth temperatures.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	177-191	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Brassica napus	32-36
11352654-7	2001	Taken together, the results suggest that the increase in linolenic acid content in cells containing Fad3 was not due to enhanced physiological demand for polyunsaturated fatty acids by yeast, but rather a cold-inducible, post-transcriptional increase in steady-state amount of plant desaturase enzyme.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	57-71	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum-like	Brassica napus	100-104
11403653-1	2001	A procedure was developed for acylation of Bowman-Birk soybean proteinase inhibitor (BBI) by N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids in a dimethyl sulfoxide-dioxane-pyridine mixture.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-166	Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor	Glycine max	43-83
11403653-1	2001	A procedure was developed for acylation of Bowman-Birk soybean proteinase inhibitor (BBI) by N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of oleic, linoleic, and alpha-linolenic acids in a dimethyl sulfoxide-dioxane-pyridine mixture.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	145-166	Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor	Glycine max	85-88
10814818-1	2000	The plastid omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD7) catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid to linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	94-108	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	43-47
10854433-2	2000	Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that recombinant human B-FABP clearly exhibits high affinity for the polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and for monounsaturated n-9 oleic acid (K(d) from 28 to 53 nm) over polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid (K(d) from 115 to 206 nm).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-167	fatty acid binding protein 7	Homo sapiens	69-75
10889255-1	2000	Several lines of evidence indicate that phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) plays a crucial role in plant cellular responses through production of linolenic acid, the precursor of jasmonic acid, from membrane phospholipids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	139-153	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	60-66
10889255-9	2000	This membrane-associated and Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) is suggested to play an important role in the release of linolenic acid, the precursor of jasmonic acid, through a signal transduction pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-126	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	48-54
10775263-5	2000	Our data suggest that the opening of background K(+) channels, like TREK-1 and TRAAK, which are activated by arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid, is a significant factor in this neuroprotective effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	197-211	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	68-74
10775263-5	2000	Our data suggest that the opening of background K(+) channels, like TREK-1 and TRAAK, which are activated by arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid and linolenic acid, is a significant factor in this neuroprotective effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	197-211	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
10370194-4	1999	Iontophoretic flux of LHRH through 5% linolenic acid/EtOH and 5% limonene/EtOH treated epidermis was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced in comparison to iontophoretic flux through the control epidermis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-52	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
10487216-3	1999	Calmodulin mRNA and protein levels were found to increase in leaves of young wild-type tomato plants after wounding, or treatment with systemin, methyl jasmonate, or linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	166-180	calcium-binding protein CP1	Solanum lycopersicum	0-10
10416955-5	1999	IL-6 is released by a range of tissues in response to stimulation by the monocyte-derived cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor; by suppressing production of these cytokines, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid, and pentoxifylline can reduce IL-6 synthesis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	197-217	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
10370194-2	1999	5% linolenic acid/EtOH or 5% limonene/EtOH significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the passive flux of LHRH through human epidermis in comparison to the control (no enhancer treated epidermis).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	3-17	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
10370194-7	1999	Thus, linolenic acid/EtOH or limonene/EtOH in combination with iontophoresis increased the flux of LHRH through human epidermis by disrupting keratin pattern as well as loosening and swelling of SC cell layers.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	6-20	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
10327618-9	1999	The present results indicate that alpha-linolenic acid exhibits a larger hypocholesterolemic effect than gamma-linolenic acid, and it may be displayed mainly through the repression of the activity and mRNA expression of HMG-CoA reductase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-54	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Rattus norvegicus	220-237
9927708-2	1999	The first step in JA biosynthesis involves lipoxygenase (LOX) introducing molecular oxygen at the C-13 position of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	115-129	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	43-55
9927708-2	1999	The first step in JA biosynthesis involves lipoxygenase (LOX) introducing molecular oxygen at the C-13 position of linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	115-129	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	57-60
10359023-1	1999	Freshly isolated fetal hepatocytes transformed 4.3, 8.5 and 19.2 pmol/min/10(6) cells of stearic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, respectively, complexed to albumin or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), to more unsaturated derivatives.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-132	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	172-189
10359023-5	1999	When AFP was used as the carrier the amount of hexaene fatty acid derivatives of alpha-linolenic acid recovered in cells was reduced up to 50% by albumin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-101	alpha-fetoprotein	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
10319918-3	1999	AA, EPA and DHA decreased the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) both in the cytosol and particulate fractions whereas ALA and GLA enhanced the PKA activity in the particulate fractions; all the fatty acids except ALA reduced cyclic AMP levels and an enhanced phosphorylation of about 13 proteins of the nuclear fraction and about eight proteins of the plasma membrane fraction was noted in c-UFA treated AK-5 cells in vitro.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	214-217	adenylate kinase 5	Homo sapiens	405-409
10416023-3	1999	In this study the effect of 1 mM linolenic acid on levels of Q6 and Q6H2 is assessed in both wild-type and respiration-deficient (atp2 delta) strains.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-47	F1F0 ATP synthase subunit beta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	130-134
10188594-0	1999	Dietary alpha-linolenate suppresses endotoxin-induced platelet-activating factor production in rat kidney.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-24	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-80
10188594-7	1999	In agreement with in vitro study, our present study demonstrates that dietary high alpha-linolenate suppresses PAF production in rat kidney during systemic endotoxemia, and which is mainly due to the decrease in alkylacyl-GPC content, altered fatty acid compositions of the precursor lipids and lower CoA-independent transacylase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-99	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
9930700-2	1999	Most attention has focused on inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger produced by PLC from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; however, PLC also generates diacylglycerol, a potential precursor for several polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	275-289	Phospholipase C at 21C	Drosophila melanogaster	91-94
9930700-2	1999	Most attention has focused on inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger produced by PLC from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; however, PLC also generates diacylglycerol, a potential precursor for several polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	275-289	Phospholipase C at 21C	Drosophila melanogaster	148-151
9614698-9	1998	The CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) activity in the homogenate was lower in the n-3 PUFA groups, the reduction being more prominent in the eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid groups than in the alpha-linolenic acid group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	214-234	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1A, choline	Rattus norvegicus	4-44
9765545-0	1998	Characterization of transgenic tobacco with an increased alpha-linolenic acid level Microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the conversion of 18:2 (linoleic acid) to 18:3 (alpha-linolenic acid) in phospholipids, which are the main constituents of extrachloroplast membranes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	57-77	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	85-125
9765545-0	1998	Characterization of transgenic tobacco with an increased alpha-linolenic acid level Microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase catalyzes the conversion of 18:2 (linoleic acid) to 18:3 (alpha-linolenic acid) in phospholipids, which are the main constituents of extrachloroplast membranes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	184-204	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	85-125
9830005-3	1998	E-ring dinor isoprostane formation from linolenate was found to be catalyzed by soybean lipoxygenase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-50	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	88-100
9812904-8	1998	In contrast, addition of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid resulted in a significant increase in PAI-1 secretion from both cell types.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-66	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
9812904-10	1998	Transfection experiments demonstrated that addition of linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid significantly increased PAI-1 transcription.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-69	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	120-125
9880919-6	1998	The NtFAD3 gene under the control of CaMV35S promoter stably expressed in the transgenic rice plants and modified the proportions of linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) in fatty acids; the content of 18:2 decreased and that of 18:3 increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	158-172	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	4-10
9480827-4	1998	Substrate specificity of the purified recombinant protein revealed LOX activity towards linoleic, linolenic acid, arachidonic acids as substrates with linoleic acid being the best substrate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	98-112	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 2	Solanum tuberosum	67-70
9548900-3	1998	The permeability coefficient of LHRH was significantly (p < 0.05) greater through EtOH, lauric acid/EtOH, palmitic acid/EtOH, oleic acid/EtOH, linoleic acid/EtOH, and linolenic acid/EtOH treated epidermis than the control (untreated epidermis).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	170-184	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
9548900-8	1998	Also, pretreatment of epidermis with 5% linolenic acid/propylene glycol (PG) resulted in greater (p < 0.05) iontophoretic flux of LHRH in comparison to 5% linolenic acid/EtOH.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-54	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
9548900-10	1998	Reversibility studies revealed that the postrecovery passive flux of LHRH through 5% linolenic acid in combination with EtOH or PG/iontophoresis treated epidermis was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced than the prerecovery value but could not completely recover to the baseline flux (i.e., flux of LHRH through untreated epidermis).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-99	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
9548900-10	1998	Reversibility studies revealed that the postrecovery passive flux of LHRH through 5% linolenic acid in combination with EtOH or PG/iontophoresis treated epidermis was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced than the prerecovery value but could not completely recover to the baseline flux (i.e., flux of LHRH through untreated epidermis).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-99	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	299-303
9610840-0	1998	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases TNF-alpha, and decreases IL-6, IL-10 in response to LPS: effects of sesamin on the delta-5 desaturation of omega6 and omega3 fatty acids in mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	39-48
9610840-0	1998	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases TNF-alpha, and decreases IL-6, IL-10 in response to LPS: effects of sesamin on the delta-5 desaturation of omega6 and omega3 fatty acids in mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	64-68
9610840-0	1998	Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases TNF-alpha, and decreases IL-6, IL-10 in response to LPS: effects of sesamin on the delta-5 desaturation of omega6 and omega3 fatty acids in mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-28	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	70-75
9466797-8	1998	Interestingly, we found that P. pastoris produced linolenic acid (C18:3) because it was detected in rHSA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-64	CD24 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
9246607-4	1997	We also found that the mitogenic response induced by IGF-1 was not enhanced in those conditions when PKC becomes activated by linoleate and alpha-linolenate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-156	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
9575575-16	1998	LPAAT-alpha transfection increases linolenate incorporation into PA at the expense of linoleate incorporation, which is reversed by LSF.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-45	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
9575575-17	1998	LPAAT-beta increases both linoleate and linolenate incorporation into PA, which is also reduced by LSF.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-50	1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	0-10
24394781-2	1997	Most of the functions of the EFAs require the conversion of LA and ALA to their metabolites including, gammalinolenic (GLA), dihomogammalinolenic (DGLA), arachidonic (AA) (n-6) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (n-3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	galactosidase, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
9430084-1	1997	OBJECTIVE: A mutant soybean line (A16) low in linolenic acid content (2% of oil by weight) was developed to increase oil oxidative stability.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-60	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-31 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	34-37
9891776-6	1998	The signal transduction pathway that mediates systemin signaling involves linolenic acid release from membranes and subsequent conversion to jasmonic acid, a potent activator of defense gene transcription.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-88	systemin	Solanum lycopersicum	46-54
9246607-4	1997	We also found that the mitogenic response induced by IGF-1 was not enhanced in those conditions when PKC becomes activated by linoleate and alpha-linolenate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	140-156	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	101-104
9246607-6	1997	They suggest that linoleate and alpha-linolenate could control the biological response of MCF-7 cells to IGF-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	32-48	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
9176199-7	1997	However, among the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid was the least effective and linolenic acid was the most effective in stimulating apo A-I secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-97	apolipoprotein A1	Sus scrofa	136-143
9203563-1	1997	This study examined the possible effects of a novel mixture of fatty acids, SR-3 (a specific ratio of alpha-linolenic acids), on brain biochemistry and on learning deficits induced by injection of an agent that induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	102-123	Stress response QTL 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
22060755-6	1996	The alpha-linolenic content in the IMF increased from 1.2% to 2.3% for the barrows and from 1.4% to 2.9% for the gilts with increasing alphalinolenic acid content in the feed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	135-154	IMF	Sus scrofa	35-38
9037020-5	1997	When expressed in transgenic plants, fat-1 resulted in a 90% increase in the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid in root lipids.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-111	Omega-3 fatty acid desaturase fat-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	37-42
8938408-5	1996	In cell cultures LOX gene expression could also be induced by linolenic acid, a LOX substrate, and by methyl jasmonate, one of the products derived from the action of LOX on linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-76	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Nicotiana tabacum	17-20
8938408-5	1996	In cell cultures LOX gene expression could also be induced by linolenic acid, a LOX substrate, and by methyl jasmonate, one of the products derived from the action of LOX on linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	174-188	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Nicotiana tabacum	17-20
9113419-9	1997	Here we show that oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid both dose-dependently inhibited solubilized membrane PLD (65% inhibition at 4 mM), whereas stearic acid (4 mM) had no effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-53	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	107-110
9029220-4	1997	Lungs of rats given IL-1 intratracheally also had increased unsaturated phosphatidic acid and free acyl (linoleate, linolenate) concentrations compared with untreated rats, and these lipid responses were prevented by pretreatment of LSF.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	116-126	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	20-24
7757958-3	1995	In addition, both ALA and EPA enhanced the formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides, and caused a reduction in the levels of antioxidant enzymes: SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and induced significant damage to DNA in SP 2/0 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	catalase	Mus musculus	179-187
24162342-3	1996	By means of biochemical experiments, we have established that the induced variation in linolenic acid content is associated with the fad3 gene encoding the microsomal Delta(15) desaturase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-101	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
8607881-4	1996	The insulin-stimulated expression of SCD1 mRNA was significantly blunted when the induction medium was supplemented with linolenic acid (18:2n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	121-135	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
7503550-8	1995	The formation of Schiff"s base fluorescent conjugates between SLO-oxidized linoleic or linolenic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also inhibited by .NO via reaction with lipid hydroperoxyl radicals (LOO.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	87-101	albumin	Homo sapiens	113-126
8609913-1	1995	The first rate limiting step in the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid is catalyzed by the delta-6-desaturase enzyme.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-70	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-109
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-164	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	231-238
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-164	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	243-250
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-164	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	307-314
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	252-268	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	231-238
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	252-268	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	243-250
7642610-4	1995	Comparisons of kcat/Km values indicate that the order of efficiency of oxygenation is arachidonate > dihomo-gamma-linolenate > linoleate > alpha-linolenate for both isozymes; while the order of efficiency was the same for hPGHS-1 and hPGHS-2, alpha-linolenate was a particularly poor substrate for hPGHS-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	252-268	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	307-314
7643237-5	1995	Among fatty acids tested, all unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) were able to enhance CRBP II mRNA levels by 54-63% within 6 h, whereas a medium-chain fatty acid (caprylic acid) and a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) elicited little effect on the CRBP II mRNA levels; palmitic acid produced only a small elevation (16%) of the CRBP II mRNA level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-96	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	119-126
7643237-5	1995	Among fatty acids tested, all unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) were able to enhance CRBP II mRNA levels by 54-63% within 6 h, whereas a medium-chain fatty acid (caprylic acid) and a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) elicited little effect on the CRBP II mRNA levels; palmitic acid produced only a small elevation (16%) of the CRBP II mRNA level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-96	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	283-290
7643237-5	1995	Among fatty acids tested, all unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) were able to enhance CRBP II mRNA levels by 54-63% within 6 h, whereas a medium-chain fatty acid (caprylic acid) and a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) elicited little effect on the CRBP II mRNA levels; palmitic acid produced only a small elevation (16%) of the CRBP II mRNA level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	75-96	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	283-290
7488075-2	1995	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) conversion to higher metabolites was greater than linoleic acid (LA) conversion, according to the higher affinity of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme for the n-3 than for the n-6 EFAs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-166
7488075-2	1995	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) conversion to higher metabolites was greater than linoleic acid (LA) conversion, according to the higher affinity of the delta-6-desaturase enzyme for the n-3 than for the n-6 EFAs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	148-166
7642600-4	1995	In primary rat hepatocytes and Fa-32 hepatoma cells C-ACS mRNA increased after treatment with fenofibric acid, alpha-bromopalmitate, tetradecylthioacetic acid, or alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	163-183	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
11607466-1	1994	Gene-specific probes corresponding to different HMGR genes (hmg1 and hmg2) were used to study HMGR expression in potato tissue following treatment with methyl jasmonate, a lipoxygenase product of linolenic acid, or arachidonic acid, an elicitor present in the lipids of the potato late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	196-210	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	172-184
7744366-4	1995	When alpha-linolenic acid was emulsified with HCO-60 and subcutaneously injected in the peripheral region of the transplanted tumor, complete cure rates for MKN-1, MKN-28, NOC-S and PL-14 human tumors were 100, 57, 25 and 75% respectively at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day for four days once a day, although it was not effective on GCH-nu and SKG-III.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	5-25	nocturnin	Homo sapiens	172-175
7533019-1	1994	We examined the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 (n-3)) pretreatment on the metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and histamine content and release of RBL-2H3 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-46	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
7841950-0	1994	Gastric emptying-limited oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid administered as a milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM) emulsion in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-64	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	83-108
7841950-0	1994	Gastric emptying-limited oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid administered as a milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM) emulsion in rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-64	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
7841950-1	1994	As a study to assess the potential application of milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM), which is of natural origin and expected to be a safer alternative to synthetic emulsifiers, to pharmaceutical dosage forms, the oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid was evaluated by the analysis of gastrointestinal disposition after oral administration as an MFGM emulsion to rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	231-251	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	50-75
7841950-1	1994	As a study to assess the potential application of milk fat-globule membrane (MFGM), which is of natural origin and expected to be a safer alternative to synthetic emulsifiers, to pharmaceutical dosage forms, the oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid was evaluated by the analysis of gastrointestinal disposition after oral administration as an MFGM emulsion to rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	231-251	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
7841950-5	1994	These results suggest that the oral absorption of alpha-linolenic acid administered as MFGM emulsion is gastric emptying-limited and, hence, any change in the intestinal absorption process would only modestly affect its oral absorption.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-70	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
7979387-7	1994	Linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid were determined by mass spectrometry as being hydroxylated primarily at the C-9 and C-13 positions, whereas linolenic acid was hydroxylated primarily at the C-12 and C-16 positions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-33	complement C9	Homo sapiens	110-113
7979387-7	1994	Linoleic and gamma-linolenic acid were determined by mass spectrometry as being hydroxylated primarily at the C-9 and C-13 positions, whereas linolenic acid was hydroxylated primarily at the C-12 and C-16 positions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-33	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	118-122
7943384-6	1994	Linolenic acid, which is also a lipoxygenase substrate, caused the same effects as arachidonic acid in the presence of lipoxygenase, whereas oleic and stearic acid, which do not function as lipoxygenase substrates, did not.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	32-44
8086487-4	1994	A less pronounced concentration-dependent inhibitory response was observed with the C18 fatty acids linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and gamma-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	115-135	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	84-87
7916376-3	1994	The dietary alpha-linolenate to linoleate balance was reflected in the proportion of (n-3) and (n-6) highly unsaturated fatty acids with 20- and 22-carbon chains in spleen phospholipids, but the ratio did not affect the proportion of T lymphocyte subsets expressing CD4 and CD8 antigens in splenic leukocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-28	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	266-269
7920450-6	1994	In addition, it was shown that the AUC, as well as the absorption in the intestinal loop, was decreased for a MFGM emulsion in which the droplet size was reduced by sonication, presumably because of the observed decrease in alpha-linolenic acid concentration in the water phase, which was assumed to be the result of an increased distribution of alpha-linolenic acid, due to its amphipathic nature, to the increased oil-water interface.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	224-244	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
7920450-6	1994	In addition, it was shown that the AUC, as well as the absorption in the intestinal loop, was decreased for a MFGM emulsion in which the droplet size was reduced by sonication, presumably because of the observed decrease in alpha-linolenic acid concentration in the water phase, which was assumed to be the result of an increased distribution of alpha-linolenic acid, due to its amphipathic nature, to the increased oil-water interface.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	346-366	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
8022751-6	1994	The addition of a mixture of 10 mM linoleic acid (18:2, omega 6) and 5 mM linolenic acid (18:3, omega 3), to basal glucose perifusate stimulated insulin secretion from a mean basal rate of 61 +/- 2 to 220 +/- 21 pg/islet/min (p < 0.001, n = 5).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	145-152
7913655-1	1994	Nervous tissues and the retina are rich in docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, C22: 6(n-3)], an essential fatty acid which is the product of the elongation and desaturation of alpha-linolenic acid [alpha-LnA, C18:3(n-3)].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	167-187	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	200-203
8484105-5	1993	The phenomenon of binding to aggregated IgG was extended to other modified proteins such as maleylated human serum albumin (mHSA), acetyl low density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) and BSA reacted with oxidized linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	201-215	albumin	Homo sapiens	109-122
8053940-3	1994	Other polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic or linolenic acid also reduced tissue factor expression whereas palmitic acid was ineffective.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-68	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	82-95
12297644-2	1992	We show here that when proposed octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid, i.e., linolenic acid, 13(S)-hydroperoxylinolenic acid, and phytodienoic acid, were applied to the surfaces of tomato leaves, these compounds also served as powerful inducers of proteinase inhibitor I and II synthesis, a simulation of a wound response.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	80-94	proteinase inhibitor I	Solanum lycopersicum	251-280
8318513-6	1993	Univariate regression analyses suggested that the increased capacity of HDL3 to promote cellular [3H]free cholesterol efflux was in part due to its greater fluidity, higher cholesteryl ester content, elevated linoleic to linolenic acid ratio in phospholipids, and its smaller size.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	221-235	HDL3	Homo sapiens	72-76
16653005-9	1992	In the in vivo lipoxygenase substrate pool, the linoleic acid level declined and the relative level of linolenic acid increased.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-117	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	15-27
7680370-1	1993	Increasing the dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3n - 3)/linoleate (18:2n - 6) ratio results in an increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in mouse resident and casein-induced peritoneal macrophages [3].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	142-163
7680370-1	1993	Increasing the dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3n - 3)/linoleate (18:2n - 6) ratio results in an increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in mouse resident and casein-induced peritoneal macrophages [3].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	165-168
7680370-10	1993	However, a significant portion of the TNF production in casein-induced macrophages is regulated by a factor(s) other than PGE2 and LPS receptor; advanced activation/maturation stages induced by the diet high in alpha-linolenate may underlie the enhanced TNF production in casein-induced macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	211-227	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	38-41
7680370-10	1993	However, a significant portion of the TNF production in casein-induced macrophages is regulated by a factor(s) other than PGE2 and LPS receptor; advanced activation/maturation stages induced by the diet high in alpha-linolenate may underlie the enhanced TNF production in casein-induced macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	211-227	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	254-257
1495956-3	1992	5-cis-Octenoyl-CoA, a putative metabolite of linolenic acid, was efficiently dehydrogenated by medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.3) to 2-trans-5-cis-octadienoyl-CoA, which was isomerized to 3,5-octadienoyl-CoA either by mitochondrial delta 3,delta 2-enoyl-CoA isomerase (EC 5.3.3.8) or by peroxisomal trifunctional enzyme.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-59	enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-282
1320939-16	1992	Linolenate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate at 1 mM also produced small (7-10%) decreases in PAP-2 activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-10	regenerating islet-derived 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
1625600-5	1992	The primary adverse metabolic action of trans unsaturated fatty acids is the competitive inhibition of delta-6-desaturase, the hepatic enzyme responsible for the initial metabolic desaturation of the essential fatty acids cis linoleic and cis alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	243-263	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	103-121
1679081-0	1991	Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate on platelet-activating factor production in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-34	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-64
27320985-0	1992	Lipoxygenase Activity Increment in Infected Tomato Leaves and Oxidation Product of Linolenic Acid by Its In Vitro Enzyme Reaction.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-97	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase A	Solanum lycopersicum	0-12
1679081-1	1991	The effects of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3, n-3) and linoleate (18:2, n-6) on platelet-activating factor (PAF) production were examined.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-39	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	81-107
1679081-1	1991	The effects of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3, n-3) and linoleate (18:2, n-6) on platelet-activating factor (PAF) production were examined.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-39	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
1679081-7	1991	These results demonstrate that PAF production is modulated in some as yet unknown way by changing the alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance of the diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	102-118	PCNA clamp associated factor	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
34929479-7	2022	The western blot results showed that ALA down-regulate the FcepsilonRI/Lyn/Syk signaling pathway by suppressing Lyn kinase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	71-74
1675843-0	1991	Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on endotoxin-induced production of tumor necrosis factor by peritoneal macrophages in horses.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-38	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	74-95
1675843-1	1991	A study was conducted to determine whether dietary supplements with alpha-linolenic acid altered the ability of equine peritoneal macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in response to endotoxin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	153-174
1675843-1	1991	A study was conducted to determine whether dietary supplements with alpha-linolenic acid altered the ability of equine peritoneal macrophages to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in response to endotoxin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	176-179
1675843-7	1991	Endotoxin-induced macrophage production of TNF, as determined by measurement of TNF activity, was significantly less after horses were fed the alpha-linolenic acid-rich ration for 8 weeks.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-163	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	43-46
1675843-7	1991	Endotoxin-induced macrophage production of TNF, as determined by measurement of TNF activity, was significantly less after horses were fed the alpha-linolenic acid-rich ration for 8 weeks.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-163	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	80-83
33770440-4	2021	HD is a homeodomain-like transcriptional regulator that may regulate the expression level of microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) genes responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid into ALA in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	200-203	microsomal omega-3-fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	93-133
33770440-4	2021	HD is a homeodomain-like transcriptional regulator that may regulate the expression level of microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) genes responsible for the conversion of linoleic acid into ALA in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	200-203	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Glycine max	135-139
24220118-8	2013	Interestingly, ALA intake enhanced eNOS but inhibited iNOS activity in diabetic vessels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
24220118-10	2013	On the other hand, gp91phox and iNOS overexpression were reduced moderately with ALA intake in diabetic vessels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
34890887-4	2022	The CYP74L1 possessed mainly hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) activity towards the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of alpha-linolenic acids (13-HPOT) and nearly equal HPL and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities towards the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acids (13-HPOD).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	99-120	allene oxide synthase, chloroplastic	Selaginella moellendorffii	4-11
1899344-0	1991	Double hydroperoxidation of alpha-linolenic acid by potato tuber lipoxygenase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-48	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	65-77
1899344-1	1991	The potato tuber lipoxygenase preparations convert alpha-linolenic acid not only to 9(S)-HPOTE, but also to some more polar metabolites.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-71	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Solanum tuberosum	17-29
2034031-0	1991	Effect of dietary alpha-linolenate/linoleate balance on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in mouse macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-34	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	83-104
2034031-1	1991	We examined the effect of dietary alpha-linolenate (18:3n-3)/linoleate (18:2n-6) balance on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in mouse macrophages.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-50	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	125-146
2034031-2	1991	Resident and casein-induced peritoneal macrophages from mice fed a high alpha-linolenate diet produced a higher amount of TNF than in the high linoleate diet group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	72-88	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	122-125
2034031-4	1991	Serum TNF levels of mice intraperitoneally injected with LPS was also higher in the high alpha-linolenate group than in the high linoleate group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-105	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	6-9
2034031-6	1991	Thus, the dietary enrichment with alpha-linolenate was found to enhance TNF production of macrophages isolated under limited conditions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-50	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	72-75
1977367-2	1990	Concentrations of the main dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), were consistently modestly above normal; concentrations of the delta 6-desaturase metabolites of both linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, however, were consistently and often significantly below normal.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	233-254	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	181-199
24220118-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that ALA prevents diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction by enhancing eNOS activity and attenuates oxidative/nitrative stress by inhibiting iNOS and NADPH oxidase expression and ONOO- production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-34	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
34929479-7	2022	The western blot results showed that ALA down-regulate the FcepsilonRI/Lyn/Syk signaling pathway by suppressing Lyn kinase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	spleen associated tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	75-78
34929479-7	2022	The western blot results showed that ALA down-regulate the FcepsilonRI/Lyn/Syk signaling pathway by suppressing Lyn kinase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	112-115
34882959-0	2022	Colonic delivery of alpha-linolenic acid by an advanced nutrient delivery system prolongs glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and inhibits food intake in mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	20-40	glucagon	Mus musculus	90-113
34758193-6	2022	RESULTS: Dietary high-ALA was able to reduce the number of sickle cells in blood smear, liver fibrosis, and the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium of aorta, lungs, liver and kidneys (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and vWF).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	200-206
34758193-6	2022	RESULTS: Dietary high-ALA was able to reduce the number of sickle cells in blood smear, liver fibrosis, and the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium of aorta, lungs, liver and kidneys (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and vWF).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	208-214
34758193-6	2022	RESULTS: Dietary high-ALA was able to reduce the number of sickle cells in blood smear, liver fibrosis, and the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium of aorta, lungs, liver and kidneys (VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and vWF).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	Von Willebrand factor	Mus musculus	219-222
34758193-7	2022	Specific parameters of platelet activation were blunted after high-ALA feeding, notably P-selectin exposure and the formation of neutrophil-platelet aggregates, along with a correspondingly reduced expression of PSGL-1 on neutrophils.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	88-98
34758193-7	2022	Specific parameters of platelet activation were blunted after high-ALA feeding, notably P-selectin exposure and the formation of neutrophil-platelet aggregates, along with a correspondingly reduced expression of PSGL-1 on neutrophils.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-70	selectin, platelet (p-selectin) ligand	Mus musculus	212-218
34635360-6	2022	Plasma ALA concentrations were higher in n-3 PUFA than control cows, following a linear relation with supplement ingestion, resulting in a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in plasma.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	7-10	PUFA	Bos taurus	45-49
34882959-6	2022	In vitro characterization, and in vivo effects of alphaLA loaded particles on GLP-1 secretion and food intake were studied in mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	50-57	glucagon	Mus musculus	78-83
33724164-0	2021	alpha- Linolenic acid modulates phagocytosis and endosomal pathways of extracellular Tau in microglia.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-21	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	85-88
34909830-5	2021	Most of the compounds identified in Hex-Mn were alpha-linolenic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol and linolenic acid ethyl ester, while in Chlor-Mn, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, palmitic acid and alpha-linolenic acid were mainly identified.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-68	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
33724164-8	2021	In this study, we have observed the phagocytosis of extracellular Tau in the presence of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-109	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	66-69
33724164-8	2021	In this study, we have observed the phagocytosis of extracellular Tau in the presence of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-114	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	66-69
33724164-9	2021	The increased phagocytosis of extracellular Tau monomer and aggregates have been observed upon ALA exposure to microglia cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	95-98	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	44-47
33724164-14	2021	The data indicate that the dietary fatty acids ALA could significantly enhance phagocytosis and intracellular degradation of internalized Tau.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-50	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	138-141
34530175-3	2021	Homeostasis of the cellular of omega3-and omega6- PUFA-pool is maintained by the synthesis of omega3-and omega6-PUFAs from essential fatty acids (EFA) (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid) and their dietary supply.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-185	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	50-54
34569089-8	2021	The concentrations of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid in the LD group were increased significantly (p < 0.05) than those in the CTR and SD groups.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	40-60	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	135-138
34944172-10	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA,18:3n-3) is enzymatically broken-down de-novo by delta-6 desaturase and lengthened into a long-chain carbon molecule such as eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	75-93
34791007-13	2022	CONCLUSION: ALA supplementation with camelina oil did not improve vascular function but adversely affected glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome Whether this adverse effect on insulin sensitivity is related to gondoic acid enrichment, remains to be elucidated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	206-213
34535977-6	2021	In particular, binding was predicted between R264 of the FFAR4 and the oxygen of the carboxylate group in ALA, and between E249 of the FFAR4 and the oxygen of the hydroxy group at the C4-position in PHS.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-109	free fatty acid receptor 4	Meleagris gallopavo	57-62
34535977-7	2021	Alanine substitution at E249 (E249A) dramatically reduced PHS-induced FFAR4 activation but displayed a weaker effect on ALA-induced FFAR4 activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	120-123	free fatty acid receptor 4	Meleagris gallopavo	132-137
34600695-2	2021	Herein, it was used a chia oil containing over than 62% of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a compound widely related to anti-inflammatory actions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-79	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	22-26
34600695-2	2021	Herein, it was used a chia oil containing over than 62% of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a compound widely related to anti-inflammatory actions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	22-26
34819792-13	2021	Among the identified compounds, oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and gamma-tocopherol exhibited the highest docking score as PPARgamma activator posing them as a potential anti-NAFLD drug leads.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-64	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
34465121-5	2021	LC-PUFA synthesis implies complex desaturation and elongation processes on their principal precursors, linoleic acid (LA) (18:3 n-6) (series n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) (20:3 n-3) (series n-3), where fatty acid desaturases (FADS) and elongases (ELOVL) are competing.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	150-170	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	3-7
34293124-0	2021	Oils Rich in alpha-Linolenic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Have Distinct Effects on Plasma Oxylipin and Adiponectin Concentrations and on Monocyte Bioenergetics in Women with Obesity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	103-114
34131514-0	2021	The combination of lactoferrin and linolenic acid inhibits colorectal tumor growth through activating AMPK/JNK-related apoptosis pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-49	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	67-90
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	92-96
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	129-157
34272854-6	2021	Further, our study suggested that elevated levels of eight lipids, mainly TG species containing linolenic acid, were independent risk factors for IgAN progression and also reported the prospective association of circulating lipids with treatment outcomes in IgAN.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-110	IGAN1	Homo sapiens	146-150
34638573-1	2021	13-lipoxygenases (13-LOX) catalyze the dioxygenation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), of which alpha-linolenic acid (LeA) is converted to 13-S-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9, 11, 15-trienoic acid (13-HPOT), the precursor for the prostaglandin-like plant hormones cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	110-130	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34638573-1	2021	13-lipoxygenases (13-LOX) catalyze the dioxygenation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), of which alpha-linolenic acid (LeA) is converted to 13-S-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9, 11, 15-trienoic acid (13-HPOT), the precursor for the prostaglandin-like plant hormones cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-135	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	21-24
34638573-5	2021	The apparent maximal velocity (Vmax&nbsp;app) values for LOX-catalyzed LeA oxidation were highest for LOX4 (128 nmol s-1 mg protein-1), with a Km value of 5.8 microM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-74	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	57-60
34638573-5	2021	The apparent maximal velocity (Vmax&nbsp;app) values for LOX-catalyzed LeA oxidation were highest for LOX4 (128 nmol s-1 mg protein-1), with a Km value of 5.8 microM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-74	PLAT/LH2 domain-containing lipoxygenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	102-106
34638573-8	2021	As demonstrated for LOX4, 12-OPDA inhibited enzymatic LeA hydroperoxidation, with half-maximal enzyme inhibition at 48 microM.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	54-57	PLAT/LH2 domain-containing lipoxygenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	159-164
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	170-186
34571925-4	2021	According to our findings, ALA markedly reduced ROS production and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-2 erythroid-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice treated with CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	188-192
34571925-5	2021	Most importantly, the molecular docking study revealed that ALA allosterically decreases the overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and inhibited the detrimental effect against CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	111-134
34571925-5	2021	Most importantly, the molecular docking study revealed that ALA allosterically decreases the overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity and inhibited the detrimental effect against CdCl2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	136-139
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	39-70
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	72-76
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	79-101
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	103-112
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	119-136
34571925-6	2021	Moreover, ALA suppressed CdCl2-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor-kappa b (NF-kappaB), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	138-146
34571925-7	2021	Further, we also checked the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, which were regulated in the cortex of ALA co-treated mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-146	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	78-81
34571925-7	2021	Further, we also checked the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, which were regulated in the cortex of ALA co-treated mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-146	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	83-88
34571925-7	2021	Further, we also checked the pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3, which were regulated in the cortex of ALA co-treated mouse brain.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	143-146	caspase 3	Mus musculus	94-103
34226503-7	2021	Tet2 KO was associated with a change in metabolic pathways like retinol, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway in the cisplatin-induced mice model.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-105	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
34169045-8	2021	We hypothesize that walnut intake will increase omega-3 PUFA tissue availability (particularly ALA) to a level that enhances the neuropsychological development during adolescence.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	95-98	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	56-60
34131514-0	2021	The combination of lactoferrin and linolenic acid inhibits colorectal tumor growth through activating AMPK/JNK-related apoptosis pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	107-110
34131514-9	2021	Furthermore, the lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination activated p-AMPK and p-JNK, thereby inducing apoptosis of HT29 cells (p < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	70-74
34131514-9	2021	Furthermore, the lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination activated p-AMPK and p-JNK, thereby inducing apoptosis of HT29 cells (p < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	81-84
34131514-10	2021	The present study was the first to show that lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited HT29 tumor formation by activating AMPK/JNK related pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
34131514-10	2021	The present study was the first to show that lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited HT29 tumor formation by activating AMPK/JNK related pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-73	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	136-139
35537354-3	2022	The nutritionally essential precursors alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA) are subjected to desaturation by Delta6D/Delta5D desaturases and elongation by elongases 2/5, enzymes that are induced by insulin and repressed by PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	231-238
35421603-5	2022	We found that D6D inhibition blocked the conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) when ALA was supplemented, while no changes in n-3 PUFA content were observed in cells treated with the D6D inhibitor alone.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-58	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	14-17
35421603-5	2022	We found that D6D inhibition blocked the conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) when ALA was supplemented, while no changes in n-3 PUFA content were observed in cells treated with the D6D inhibitor alone.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	55-58	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	229-232
35421603-5	2022	We found that D6D inhibition blocked the conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) when ALA was supplemented, while no changes in n-3 PUFA content were observed in cells treated with the D6D inhibitor alone.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-133	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	14-17
35421603-5	2022	We found that D6D inhibition blocked the conversion of ALA to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) when ALA was supplemented, while no changes in n-3 PUFA content were observed in cells treated with the D6D inhibitor alone.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-133	fatty acid desaturase 2	Mus musculus	229-232
35411365-7	2022	Otherwise, our data suggested significant positive relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, EPA, ALA) and nhr-80, fat-5, fat-6 and fat-7.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	Nuclear Hormone Receptor family	Caenorhabditis elegans	121-127
35411365-7	2022	Otherwise, our data suggested significant positive relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, EPA, ALA) and nhr-80, fat-5, fat-6 and fat-7.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	Delta(9)-fatty-acid desaturase fat-5	Caenorhabditis elegans	129-134
35411365-7	2022	Otherwise, our data suggested significant positive relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, EPA, ALA) and nhr-80, fat-5, fat-6 and fat-7.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	Delta(9)-fatty-acid desaturase fat-6	Caenorhabditis elegans	136-141
35411365-7	2022	Otherwise, our data suggested significant positive relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (ARA, EPA, ALA) and nhr-80, fat-5, fat-6 and fat-7.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	112-115	Delta(9)-fatty-acid desaturase fat-7	Caenorhabditis elegans	146-151
35362049-1	2022	Oils Rich in alpha-Linolenic Acid or Docosahexaenoic Acid Have Distinct Effects on Plasma Oxylipin and Adiponectin Concentrations and on Monocyte Bioenergetics in Women with Obesity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-33	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	103-114
35404431-7	2022	Finally, protein stability of DAD1 was influenced by wounding, alpha-linolenic acid, and mutation in its catalytic site.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-83	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-34
35565936-7	2022	The strategies include dietary supplementation of alpha-Linolenic acid (ALA) or n-3 LC-PUFA, or enhancing n-3 LC-PUFA by improving the LA (Linoleic acid)/ALA ratio and antioxidant concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	154-157	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	113-117
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	190-195
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	197-210
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	212-216
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	222-235
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	237-241
35563819-10	2022	The infiltration of T cells into the epidermis was reduced when ALA was added to the culture medium, and significant decreases in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consequently measured in psoriatic substitutes supplemented with this n-3 PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-67	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	322-326
35566090-0	2022	alpha-Linolenic Acid Suppresses Proliferation and Invasion in Osteosarcoma Cells via Inhibiting Fatty Acid Synthase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	96-115
35566090-3	2022	The present study was designed to reveal the effects of alpha-linolenic acid on osteosarcoma and to reveal whether the mechanism of alpha-linolenic acid in anticancer activity may be related to FASN inhibition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	132-152	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	194-198
35566090-9	2022	The results showed that alpha-linolenic acid downregulated FASN expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-44	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	59-63
35566090-12	2022	The findings of the present study suggested that alpha-linolenic acid suppresses osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting FASN expression, which provides a basis as a potential target for osteosarcoma treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-69	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	142-146
35531334-15	2022	Results of qRT-PCR showed significant differences between groups in the expression of Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and Acyl-CoA Oxidase 2 (ACOX2) related to ALA metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	222-225	fatty acid desaturase 1	Mus musculus	111-116
35531334-15	2022	Results of qRT-PCR showed significant differences between groups in the expression of Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 (ACOX1), and Acyl-CoA Oxidase 2 (ACOX2) related to ALA metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	222-225	acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl	Mus musculus	172-177
35565661-5	2022	Walnuts are a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential n3-fatty acid and the precursor for n3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), which might potentially improve mitochondrial function.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-49	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	152-156
35565661-5	2022	Walnuts are a rich source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential n3-fatty acid and the precursor for n3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), which might potentially improve mitochondrial function.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	51-54	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	152-156
35399062-7	2022	MeJA- and HDA6-dependent histone modifications on genes for specialized metabolism; linolenic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways; and abiotic and biotic stress responses were identified.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	84-98	histone deacetylase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-14
35406959-4	2022	Linolenic acid, a precursor in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, is converted to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid through oxygenation with LOX, allene oxide synthase, and allene oxide cyclase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	134-137
35173269-2	2022	Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Delta5- (FADS1) and Delta6-desaturase (FADS2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-34	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	199-205
35343247-5	2022	The mutant acp1 plants have reduced levels of linolenic acid (18:3), which is the primary precursor for the biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA), and a corresponding decrease in the abundance of JA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-60	acyl carrier protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-15
35343247-7	2022	Moreover, the methyl JA and linolenic acid treatments cause an apparently enhanced decrease of resistance against Pto in acp1 mutants than that in wild-type plants.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-42	acyl carrier protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	121-125
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5	Homo sapiens	134-140
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	146-155
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5	Homo sapiens	177-183
35138848-3	2022	Correspondingly, in the fish fed diet with high ALA levels, the mRNA levels of genes related to LC-PUFA biosynthesis including fads2, elovl5, and pparalpha in the intestine and elovl5 in the liver were increased, and the muscular n-3 LC-PUFA levels and textures were improved.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	237-241
35328004-1	2022	The omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	97-117	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	4-33
35328004-1	2022	The omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) gene encodes a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	97-117	omega-3 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Nicotiana tabacum	35-39
35173269-2	2022	Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Delta5- (FADS1) and Delta6-desaturase (FADS2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-34	elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5	Oryctolagus cuniculus	214-220
35173269-2	2022	Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Delta5- (FADS1) and Delta6-desaturase (FADS2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-34	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fatty acid desaturase 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	235-240
35173269-2	2022	Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Delta5- (FADS1) and Delta6-desaturase (FADS2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-34	acyl-CoA 6-desaturase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	265-270
35211495-3	2021	Interactions are particularly relevant with the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, which encode key fatty acid desaturases in the pathway that converts LA and ALA to their long chain (>=20 carbons), highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) counterparts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
35211495-3	2021	Interactions are particularly relevant with the FADS1 and FADS2 genes, which encode key fatty acid desaturases in the pathway that converts LA and ALA to their long chain (>=20 carbons), highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) counterparts.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-150	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
35044402-1	2022	Among vegetable oils, chia oil has been gaining interest in recent years due to its high linolenic acid content (ALA, 18:3 omega3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-103	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	22-26
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	4-27
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	29-34
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	49-67
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	131-134
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	270-274
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	279-283
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	396-399
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	448-453
35300779-1	2022	The fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene encodes delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and is a member of the fatty acid desaturase gene family.D6D is the key enzyme catalyzing the transformation of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA).LC-PUFA play a crucial role in regulating the glycolipid metabolism of living organisms.In recent years,the activity of D6D and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FADS2 gene have become a hot topic in the research on glycolipid metabolism.This article reviews the role of FADS2 gene in glycolipid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-224	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	557-562
2765249-3	1989	The CCl4 poisoning cuts down the linoleic-arachidonic acids and the alpha-linolenic acid throughout the development of the rat"s brain; after the growth, CCl4 increases triene, ac.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-88	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
34986656-6	2022	We observed the significant increases (p<0.05) of the levels of CCK between n-3 (ALA, at 60th min; EPA, at 30th and 60th min and DHA, at 60 min) and n-6 (LA) supplemented rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
34986656-7	2022	The highest GLP-1 levels were in ALA (0.70 ng/mL) and DHA (0.67 ng/mL) supplemented groups at 60th and 120th min indicating n-3 fatty acids efficiency on satiety compared to LA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-36	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
34986656-9	2022	The only significant change in AUC values among all hormones was in the CCK of the ALA group (p=0.004).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-86	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
35071379-6	2021	Further association analysis also indicated that individuals with the AG genotype (g.14211090 G > A) of ACSF3 were significantly associated with the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat (higher content of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid), and that CTCAG haplotype individuals were significantly related to the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat (higher linoleic acid content).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	227-247	acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3	Bos taurus	104-109
34708542-3	2022	METHODS AND RESULTS: After intervening mice with different doses of ALA for 30 days, it is found that ALA (0.5 g kg-1 ) promotes small intestinal and villus growth by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway to stimulate the proliferation of ISCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	186-198
34708542-3	2022	METHODS AND RESULTS: After intervening mice with different doses of ALA for 30 days, it is found that ALA (0.5 g kg-1 ) promotes small intestinal and villus growth by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway to stimulate the proliferation of ISCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	102-105	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	186-198
34708542-8	2022	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that SCFAs produced by Ruminococcaceae mediate ALA promote ISCs proliferation by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and suggest the possibility of ALA as a prebiotic agent for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-85	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	135-147
2576722-5	1989	Alpha-linolenic acid deficiency alters membrane composition and fluidity, changes the fluidizing effect of ethanol, reduces some enzymatic activities (ATP ase, 5" nucleotidase), diminishes the efficiency of the blood-brain barrier, affects electroretinogram, reduces learning capacities and makes the animals more fragile in the presence of neurotoxins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	151-158
2569867-1	1989	While incubation of soybean lipoxygenase with alpha-linolenic acid resulted in the gradual decrease of lipoxygenase activity, the incubation with linoleic acid had no change.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	28-40
2569867-1	1989	While incubation of soybean lipoxygenase with alpha-linolenic acid resulted in the gradual decrease of lipoxygenase activity, the incubation with linoleic acid had no change.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	103-115
2569867-2	1989	The inactivation of soybean lipoxygenase during incubation with alpha-linolenic acid was markedly observed at pH 6.5, but not at pH 9.0.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-84	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	28-40
2569867-3	1989	Among the lipoxygenation products of alpha-linolenic acid, only 9(S)-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid caused the inactivation of lipoxygenase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-57	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	129-141
2698891-6	1989	Genetic analyses using plasmids carrying the genes, PHO5 and PHO3, that code for repressible APase and constitutive APase, respectively, showed that linolenic acid induced the formation of repressible APase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	149-163	acid phosphatase PHO5	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	52-56
2698891-6	1989	Genetic analyses using plasmids carrying the genes, PHO5 and PHO3, that code for repressible APase and constitutive APase, respectively, showed that linolenic acid induced the formation of repressible APase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	149-163	acid phosphatase PHO3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
2570573-1	1989	The first and rate limiting step in the conversion of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid is catalyzed by the delta - 6 - desaturase (D6D) enzyme.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-87	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-130
2570573-1	1989	The first and rate limiting step in the conversion of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid is catalyzed by the delta - 6 - desaturase (D6D) enzyme.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-87	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
2570573-2	1989	Rat liver microsomal D6D activity decreases on linolenic acid at a rate proportional to the animal age; on alpha-linolenic acid the decrease in D6D activity begins only later than on linoleic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	47-61	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
2570573-2	1989	Rat liver microsomal D6D activity decreases on linolenic acid at a rate proportional to the animal age; on alpha-linolenic acid the decrease in D6D activity begins only later than on linoleic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	107-127	fatty acid desaturase 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
3918571-4	1985	Fatty acid competition studies using EL4 microsomes demonstrate that [14C]palmitoyl-CoA synthesis (Km = 13 +/- 1 microM, Vmax = 7 +/- 1 nmol/mg per min) is inhibited by unlabeled palmitate, oleate, linoleate or linolenate (Ki = 15-25 microM) and weakly by arachidonate (Ki greater than 100 microM).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	211-221	epilepsy 4	Mus musculus	37-40
3153127-1	1988	Fats are important constituents of the human diet since on the one hand, they contribute to the caloric density of the diet, and on the other, they serve as vehicles of essential nutrients such as linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, as well as fat-soluble vitamins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	210-231	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	0-4
3731106-2	1986	Unsaturated free fatty acids (oleate, linoleate, linolenate, palmitoleate, myristoleate, and arachidonate) inhibited metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-resistant, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient and 6-thioguanine-sensitive, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-proficient V79 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-59	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	172-218
2874801-5	1986	The activity of PEG-hemin in 1,1,1-trichloroethane was greater than that in an aqueous solution; k1 values in 1,1,1-trichloroethane were 2.3 X 10(3) M-1 sec-1 with hydrogen peroxide and 7.0 X 10(2) M-1 sec-1 with peroxidized linolenic acid, and the value in an aqueous solution was 3.0 X 10 M-1 sec-1 with hydrogen peroxide.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	225-239	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	16-19
3937844-1	1985	Linolenic acid hydroperoxide, enzymatically produced by soybean lipoxygenase from linolenic acid, was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Supelco LC-8 (5 microns), 22 cm X 4.6 mm I.D.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-96	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	64-76
6518109-0	1984	[Alpha-linolenic acid and its metabolic derivatives in the tissues of rats treated with CCl4].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	1-21	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
6525269-2	1984	The research shows that the saturated fatty acids decreased in this tissue of the rats injected with CCl4, even if the linolenic and alpha-linolenic acids are present in the diet.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	133-154	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
2870604-1	1985	The effect of insulin on the oxidative desaturation of 1-14C palmitic acid to palmitoleic acid (delta 9 desaturase) 1-14C linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid (delta 6 desaturase) on rat liver microsomes and 1-14C eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid to arachidonic acid (delta 5 desaturase) on rat liver microsomes and hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells was studied.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	139-159	fatty acid desaturase 1	Rattus norvegicus	265-283
6518109-3	1984	CCl4 was seen to increase in the liver and in the muscle the docosahexaenoic acid; the dietetic alpha-linolenic acid inhibits, in muscle, lungs and pancreas, the conversion of linoleic in arachidonic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-116	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
6426317-6	1984	And second, alpha-linolenic acid, which cannot be converted to arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid, but not saturated fatty acids of equal chain length, stimulated 45Ca efflux and prolactin secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	12-32	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	180-189
6295066-2	1982	PGE1, PGE2 and PGD2 were essentially equipotent as stimulators of cyclic AMP accumulation (threshold at about 10(-8)M and EC50 about 0.15 microM), PGF2 alpha was about 20 times less potent, while PGG2, 12L-HETE, 15-HPETE, PGA1 and linolenic acid were inactive.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	231-245	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	15-19
6661463-4	1983	Linolenic acid almost completely inhibits the activation of adenylate cyclase by calmodulin; palmitic acid has no such effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	81-91
6686276-5	1983	The tissue contents of FAS, ME and CCE, measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, were found to be significantly reduced in liver by linoleate, linolenate and columbinate but were not significantly altered in mammary gland.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	144-154	ATP citrate lyase	Mus musculus	35-38
402268-2	1977	A practical method for a one-stage purification of soybean lipoxygenase-1, with a purification factor of 16, is described, using either linolenate or docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoate as ligands.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	136-146	seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1	Glycine max	59-73
34048647-6	2021	Catalytically deuterated isotopologues D5-7 linolenic acid (D5-7 LnA), D6-8 arachidonic acid (D6-8 ARA), D7-9 eicosapentaenoic acid (D7-9 EPA), and D9-11 docosahexaenoic acid (D9-11 DHA) incorporate 80-98, 95-100, 81-100, and 83-100% D at their bis-allylic positions, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-58	atypical chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
933724-4	1976	When the safflower oil content of the basal diet was reduced to 1%, the addition of 3% 18:2 or linolenate 18:3 significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed hepatic FAS, G6PD, and in vivo fatty acid synthesis by 50%.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	95-105	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
13952251-3	1963	Linolenic acid and corn oil can also replace albumin, while oleic acid and esters of linoleic and linolenic acids cannot.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	albumin	Cricetulus griseus	45-52
33545323-8	2021	Conclusions: the increased brain DHA levels induced by maternal dietary ALA during pregnancy-lactation, together with the up-regulated levels of Mfsd2a, may indicate a mode for greater DHA uptake with long-term impact on better memory in ALA offspring.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	238-241	major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A	Mus musculus	145-151
34022075-10	2021	ALA could increase the expression of the ZO-2 protein in the intestinal wall of EMS mice, reduce the level of LPS in the abdominal cavity (P < 0.05) and reduce the aggregation of peritoneal macrophages (P < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tight junction protein 2	Mus musculus	41-45
33545323-6	2021	Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 ALA fatty acids in liver, RBC, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a), compared to Controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A	Mus musculus	249-299
33545323-6	2021	Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 ALA fatty acids in liver, RBC, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (Mfsd2a), compared to Controls.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A	Mus musculus	301-307
33857488-5	2021	ALA decreased keratinocyte proliferation and improved PS epidermal differentiation, as measured by decreased Ki67 staining and increased protein expression of filaggrin and loricrin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein	Homo sapiens	173-181
33857488-8	2021	Furthermore, the signal transduction mediator ERK1/2 was the kinase the most activated after ALA supplementation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	93-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	46-52
33897360-7	2021	Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the metabolomics dataset identified two modules influenced by LPS administration and ABCA7 haplodeficiency, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were identified as major pathways.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	235-255	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 7	Mus musculus	141-146
33963430-1	2022	The role of the major plant-derived n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) remains unclear, but most studies have reported no association.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	40-44
33963430-1	2022	The role of the major plant-derived n-3 PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) remains unclear, but most studies have reported no association.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	40-44
33915355-11	2021	RESULTS: High ALA-fed animals displayed decreased circulating TNF-alpha levels and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratios at 18 months.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
33915355-13	2021	Coherently to the reduced stroke size, functional BBB integrity and occludin endothelial expression were maintained by high ALA supplementation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-127	occludin	Homo sapiens	68-76
33915355-15	2021	Finally, high ALA diet reduced the expression of BBB-degrading and neurotoxic MMP-3 and MMP-9.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	78-83
33915355-15	2021	Finally, high ALA diet reduced the expression of BBB-degrading and neurotoxic MMP-3 and MMP-9.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	88-93
32725293-1	2021	PURPOSE: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-137	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	171-192
32725293-1	2021	PURPOSE: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-137	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	194-198
32725293-1	2021	PURPOSE: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	139-142	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	171-192
32725293-1	2021	PURPOSE: Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) can be synthesised endogenously from linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in a pathway involving the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	139-142	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	194-198
33548080-0	2021	The FADS1 Genotype Modifies Metabolic Responses to the Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid Containing Plant Oils - Genotype Based Randomized Trial FADSDIET2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	73-93	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
33548080-1	2021	SCOPE: We investigated the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and markers of low-grade inflammation and glucose-insulin homeostasis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	120-140	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
33548080-1	2021	SCOPE: We investigated the FADS1 rs174550 genotype interaction with dietary intakes of high linoleic acid (LA) and high alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on the response of fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids (PLs), and markers of low-grade inflammation and glucose-insulin homeostasis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	142-145	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
33097936-10	2021	DHA compared with ALA supplementation also resulted in higher concentrations of 4 individual arachidonic acids, 1 linoleic acid, and 1 dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid oxylipin, despite not increasing the concentrations of these fatty acids, further demonstrating that oxylipins do not always reflect their precursor PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	312-316
33618966-8	2021	We also found that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhanced the negative association between VO2max and CRP, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory response to VO2max capacity is associated with ALA and DHA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	19-39	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	130-133
33670720-1	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and punicic acid (PunA) are claimed to influence several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
33670720-1	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), rumenic acid (RmA), and punicic acid (PunA) are claimed to influence several physiological functions including insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
33566044-0	2021	Plant sterol ester of alpha-linolenic acid ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice: association with regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress via activating AMPK signaling.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	209-213
33566044-1	2021	The present study was designed to explore the beneficial mitochondrial effects and anti-oxidative activities of plant sterol ester of alpha-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using in vivo and in vitro models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	134-154	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	172-200
33566044-1	2021	The present study was designed to explore the beneficial mitochondrial effects and anti-oxidative activities of plant sterol ester of alpha-linolenic acid (PS-ALA) through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using in vivo and in vitro models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	134-154	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
33664446-6	2021	In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-77	transmembrane serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	102-109
33664446-6	2021	In addition, eicosapentaenoic acid showed higher efficacy than linolenic acid in reducing activity of TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L proteases, but neither of the fatty acids affected their expression at the protein level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-77	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	114-125
33618966-8	2021	We also found that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhanced the negative association between VO2max and CRP, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory response to VO2max capacity is associated with ALA and DHA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	130-133
33618966-8	2021	We also found that alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) enhanced the negative association between VO2max and CRP, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory response to VO2max capacity is associated with ALA and DHA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	220-223	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	130-133
33526157-3	2021	The minor allele of various FADS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with increased maternal concentrations of the precursors linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	173-193	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	28-32
33526157-3	2021	The minor allele of various FADS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with increased maternal concentrations of the precursors linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and lower concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	195-198	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	28-32
33341509-10	2021	Fish fed the ALA-enriched diet seemed to be the least affected by the Cd exposure, as they showed a higher detoxifying ability against Cd with an early upregulation of protective metallothionein a (MTa) and apoptosis regulator BCL2-Like1 (BCLx) genes, an increased long-term phospholipid synthesis and turnover and fatty acid bioconversion efficiency, as well as a lower long-term accumulation of Cd in their liver.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	metallothionein A	Oncorhynchus mykiss	179-196
33341509-10	2021	Fish fed the ALA-enriched diet seemed to be the least affected by the Cd exposure, as they showed a higher detoxifying ability against Cd with an early upregulation of protective metallothionein a (MTa) and apoptosis regulator BCL2-Like1 (BCLx) genes, an increased long-term phospholipid synthesis and turnover and fatty acid bioconversion efficiency, as well as a lower long-term accumulation of Cd in their liver.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	metallothionein A	Oncorhynchus mykiss	198-201
33038487-1	2021	Prostaglandins are a diverse family of biological active molecules that are synthesized after liberation of arachnidonic or linolenic acid from the plasma membrane by phospholipase A2 (PLA2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-138	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	167-183
33038487-1	2021	Prostaglandins are a diverse family of biological active molecules that are synthesized after liberation of arachnidonic or linolenic acid from the plasma membrane by phospholipase A2 (PLA2).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-138	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	185-189
33169127-1	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), abundant in chia seed oil, are useful polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with numerous health benefits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	63-67
33169127-1	2021	Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), abundant in chia seed oil, are useful polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with numerous health benefits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	63-67
33169127-2	2021	The objectives of the present study were to explore the optimum extraction condition of chia seed oil and the possibilities of direct analysis of ALA and LA in chia seed oil by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	146-149	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	160-164
33169127-4	2021	The results showed that the proposed HPLC-UV method allowed the quantification of ALA and LA in chia seed oil.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-85	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	96-100
33131719-11	2021	Linolenic acid decreased cGMP formation and eNOS phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
33530084-7	2021	In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	214-235	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
33530084-7	2021	In addition, genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2, ELOV-2, and ELOV-5 lead to a more efficient biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), e.g., of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (ARA), and (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), leading to higher ARA levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	214-235	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
33113502-0	2021	alpha-Linolenic acid attenuates pseudo-allergic reactions by inhibiting Lyn kinase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	72-75
33113502-10	2021	In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 mug/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCgamma-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	255-258
33113502-10	2021	In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 mug/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCgamma-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	268-272
33113502-10	2021	In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 mug/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCgamma-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	282-285
33113502-10	2021	In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 mug/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCgamma-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	286-289
33113502-10	2021	In addition, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) reduced Compound 48/80 (C48/80) (30 mug/ml)-or Substance P (SP) (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx, mast cell degranulation and cytokines and chemokine release in Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) cells via Lyn-PLCgamma-IP3R-Ca2+ and Lyn-p38/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	290-299
33113502-11	2021	Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) inhibited C48/80 (30 mug/ml)- and SP (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	MAS related GPR family member X2	Homo sapiens	114-162
33113502-11	2021	Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) inhibited C48/80 (30 mug/ml)- and SP (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	MAS related GPR family member X2	Homo sapiens	164-169
33113502-11	2021	Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) inhibited C48/80 (30 mug/ml)- and SP (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	256-259
33113502-11	2021	Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) inhibited C48/80 (30 mug/ml)- and SP (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	226-229	MAS related GPR family member X2	Homo sapiens	114-162
33113502-11	2021	Moreover, ALA (0, 50, 100, and 200 muM) inhibited C48/80 (30 mug/ml)- and SP (4 mug/ml)-induced calcium influx in Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MrgX2)-HEK293 cells and in vitro kinase assays confirmed that ALA inhibited the activity of Lyn kinase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	226-229	MAS related GPR family member X2	Homo sapiens	164-169
33113502-12	2021	In response to 200 muM of ALA, the activity of Lyn kinase by (7.296 +- 0.03751) x 10-5 units/mul and decreased compared with C48/80 (30 mug/ml) by (8.572 +- 0.1365) x10-5 units/mul.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	47-50
33113502-13	2021	CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that ALA might be a potential Lyn kinase inhibitor, which could be used to treat pseudo-allergic reaction-related diseases such as urticaria.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	66-69
33451004-5	2021	The obtained coefficients (R2) for some FA, such as alpha-linolenic acid with a R2 = 0.96 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) with R2 = 0.93, demonstrate that FT-MIR spectroscopy is a valid technique to estimate the content of FA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-72	membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8	Homo sapiens	172-175
32431176-6	2021	But, efficiency of conversion of ALA to n-3 LC-PUFAs in humans is limited due to a rate-limiting step in the n-3 pathway catalyzed by Delta6-desaturase.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	33-36	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	140-151
33271280-9	2021	Notably, LOX-mediated HETEs decreased whereas LOX-mediated HDHAs were elevated in both tissues and plasma of ALA-enriched diets compared to ISO.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-112	lysyl oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
33271280-9	2021	Notably, LOX-mediated HETEs decreased whereas LOX-mediated HDHAs were elevated in both tissues and plasma of ALA-enriched diets compared to ISO.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-112	lysyl oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
33271280-11	2021	ALA-enriched diets particularly flaxseed reduced gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines namely IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha and prevented the down regulation of antioxidant catalase in the heart tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	99-107
33271280-11	2021	ALA-enriched diets particularly flaxseed reduced gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines namely IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha and prevented the down regulation of antioxidant catalase in the heart tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
33271280-11	2021	ALA-enriched diets particularly flaxseed reduced gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines namely IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha and prevented the down regulation of antioxidant catalase in the heart tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-126
33130263-0	2021	alpha-Linolenic acid inhibits tau aggregation and modulates tau conformation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	30-33
33130263-0	2021	alpha-Linolenic acid inhibits tau aggregation and modulates tau conformation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	60-63
33027715-9	2021	Besides, shikonin, TUG891 and ALA could induce ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in HT-29 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
33027715-9	2021	Besides, shikonin, TUG891 and ALA could induce ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in HT-29 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-33	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-61
33298236-2	2020	In the context of de novo omega-3 (n-3) PUFA biosynthesis, it was thought that most animals lack the fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzymes that convert stearic acid (18:0) into alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), the main FA precursor for n-3 long-chain PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	174-194	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	101-127
33298236-2	2020	In the context of de novo omega-3 (n-3) PUFA biosynthesis, it was thought that most animals lack the fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzymes that convert stearic acid (18:0) into alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), the main FA precursor for n-3 long-chain PUFA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	196-199	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	101-127
32535311-3	2020	Results showed that PEE as well as volatile-rich fractions of linolenic acid and linolenic acid ethyl ester significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16 melanoma cells model.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-76	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	141-151
32998057-6	2020	Previously, we demonstrated that these cell lines exhibit different response to alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA)-induced GLP-1 secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	80-100	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-124
32998057-6	2020	Previously, we demonstrated that these cell lines exhibit different response to alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA)-induced GLP-1 secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	102-109	glucagon	Homo sapiens	119-124
33255510-1	2020	DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-123	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-32
33255510-1	2020	DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	103-123	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
33255510-1	2020	DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-128	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-32
33255510-1	2020	DEFECTIVE IN ANTHER DEHISCENCE 1 (DAD1), a phospholipase A1, utilizes galactolipids (18:3) to generate alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in the initial step of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-128	alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
32679125-0	2020	alpha-Linolenic acid inhibits the migration of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by attenuating twist1 expression and suppressing twist1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	104-110
33182324-2	2020	15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX), a linolenic acid and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme, induces both pro- and antitumorigenic effects in different cancer types.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-44	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	0-17
33182324-2	2020	15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX), a linolenic acid and arachidonic acid metabolizing enzyme, induces both pro- and antitumorigenic effects in different cancer types.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-44	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	19-25
32679125-0	2020	alpha-Linolenic acid inhibits the migration of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by attenuating twist1 expression and suppressing twist1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	138-144
32679125-4	2020	Treatment with 100 uM ALA and Twist1 siRNA markedly decreased the Twist1 protein level and cell migration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
32679125-5	2020	Moreover, ALA transiently attenuated the nuclear accumulation of STAT3alpha as well as Twist1 mRNA expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	10-13	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	87-93
32679125-6	2020	Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	67-70
32679125-6	2020	Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
32679125-6	2020	Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
32679125-6	2020	Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	121-127
32679125-7	2020	ALA accelerated Twist1 degradation in the presence of cycloheximide, whereas the ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1 by ALA was suppressed by MG-132.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
32679125-7	2020	ALA accelerated Twist1 degradation in the presence of cycloheximide, whereas the ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1 by ALA was suppressed by MG-132.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	125-128	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	31-37
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	108-118
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	190-196
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	snail family transcriptional repressor 2	Homo sapiens	198-204
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	206-216
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	vimentin	Homo sapiens	218-226
32679125-8	2020	Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-21	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	232-243
32914810-5	2020	The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that these differentially expressed genes were related to AMPK signaling pathway, linoleic acid metabolism, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	185-205	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
32464332-4	2020	MsHPL, StHPL, and CsHPL converted the 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic (13-HPOD) and alpha-linolenic acids (13-HPOT) primarily to the chain cleavage products.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-103	fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase	Solanum tuberosum	7-12
32464332-4	2020	MsHPL, StHPL, and CsHPL converted the 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic (13-HPOD) and alpha-linolenic acids (13-HPOT) primarily to the chain cleavage products.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-103	allene oxide synthase, chloroplastic-like	Cucumis sativus	18-23
32378329-8	2020	RESULTS: We demonstrate here that HYVIA , ALA, and LA inhibit PP2A demethylation, boosting PP2A activity, while most other CCSEs do not.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	62-66
32554222-2	2020	The  5 and  6 desaturases are responsible for producing long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) through their precursors alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in organisms lacking or with very low ability to synthesize LC-PUFA by themselves.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-150	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
32554222-2	2020	The  5 and  6 desaturases are responsible for producing long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) through their precursors alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in organisms lacking or with very low ability to synthesize LC-PUFA by themselves.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	130-150	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	232-236
32378329-8	2020	RESULTS: We demonstrate here that HYVIA , ALA, and LA inhibit PP2A demethylation, boosting PP2A activity, while most other CCSEs do not.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	42-45	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	91-95
32573846-0	2020	Ultra-High alpha-Linolenic Acid Accumulating Developmental Defective Embryo was Rescued by Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase 2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	11-31	lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-130
32875209-0	2020	The Combination of Two Bioactive Constituents, Lactoferrin and Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Mouse Xenograft Esophageal Tumor Growth by Downregulating Lithocholyltaurine and Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-Related Pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-77	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	184-188
32875209-0	2020	The Combination of Two Bioactive Constituents, Lactoferrin and Linolenic Acid, Inhibits Mouse Xenograft Esophageal Tumor Growth by Downregulating Lithocholyltaurine and Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3-Related Pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-77	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	189-194
32875209-7	2020	The results demonstrated that lactoferrin, the three unsaturated fatty acids, and their combinations inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of KYSE450 cells and induced apoptosis and the lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination exhibited the strongest activity in suppressing KYSE450 tumor formation in vivo.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	211-225	lactotransferrin	Mus musculus	30-41
32875209-8	2020	The lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited phosphorylation in the JAK2/STAT3-related pathway by downregulating the special metabolite lithocholyltaurine, thereby suppressing formation of KYSE450 tumors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-32	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	78-82
31818531-8	2020	CONCLUSION: A high intake of ALA, about 3-5 times the recommended daily intake, for 12 weeks decreased fasting FFA and TNF-alpha plasma concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
32875209-8	2020	The lactoferrin + linolenic acid combination inhibited phosphorylation in the JAK2/STAT3-related pathway by downregulating the special metabolite lithocholyltaurine, thereby suppressing formation of KYSE450 tumors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	18-32	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	83-88
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	130-158
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
32832007-4	2020	In the current study, we investigated whether alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), as a natural product, would increase insulin and IGF-I (insulin-like growth factor I) release from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	130-158
32832007-6	2020	The results showed that ALA induced insulin and IGF-I secretion from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
32832007-6	2020	The results showed that ALA induced insulin and IGF-I secretion from astrocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	24-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
31943072-2	2020	The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes also influence PUFA status, with the FADS genes controlling how much product (eg, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) is metabolized from the precursor molecules linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-270	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	4-25
31943072-2	2020	The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes also influence PUFA status, with the FADS genes controlling how much product (eg, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) is metabolized from the precursor molecules linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-270	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	27-31
31943072-2	2020	The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes also influence PUFA status, with the FADS genes controlling how much product (eg, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) is metabolized from the precursor molecules linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	250-270	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	76-80
32448919-3	2020	Fatty acid desaturase 2 gene, FAD2, is a key player that affects three major fatty acids, namely oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, in oilseed plants.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-131	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum	Brassica napus	30-34
32905142-4	2020	MTT test revealed IC50 values of 230 and 255 muM for ALA and GLA, respectively, at 72 h. After 24 h of incubation, both ALA and GLA induced apoptosis on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells according to the caspase-3 assay and microscopy images.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	120-123	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	200-209
32243527-0	2020	Prenatal Administration of Oleic Acid or Linolenic Acid Reduces Neuromorphological and Cognitive Alterations in Ts65dn Down Syndrome Mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-55	reciprocal translocation, Chr 16, cytogenetic band C3-4; and Chr 17, cytogenetic band A2, Davisson 65	Mus musculus	112-118
32722017-7	2020	In the HC group, there was a relationship between FAs in serum and GPR120 concentration (p < 0.05): alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (R = -0.46), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (R = -0.54), omega-3 PUFAs (R = -0.41), arachidonic acid (AA) (R = -0.44).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-120	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
32722017-9	2020	In the HC group, ALA and DHA serum concentrations were independently associated with GPR120 (p < 0.05) in the model adjusted for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and accounted for 38.59% of GPR120 variability (p < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
32722017-9	2020	In the HC group, ALA and DHA serum concentrations were independently associated with GPR120 (p < 0.05) in the model adjusted for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and accounted for 38.59% of GPR120 variability (p < 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	17-20	free fatty acid receptor 4	Homo sapiens	185-191
32678126-4	2020	To this end, we generated transgenic flies expressing Caenorhabditis elegans Delta12 fatty acid desaturase (FAT-2), which converts mono-unsaturated fatty acids to PUFAs such as linoleic acid [C18:2 (n-6)] and linolenic acid [C18:3 (n-3)].	alpha-Linolenic Acid	209-223	Delta(12) fatty acid desaturase fat-2	Caenorhabditis elegans	108-113
32359993-5	2020	Gas chromatography analysis of fatty acid composition showed that the contents of alpha-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, and cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid were altered due to changes in the level of expression of the CD44 gene.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-102	CD44 molecule	Bos taurus	217-221
32273086-13	2020	The joint pathway analysis integrating metabolomics, lipidomics and transcriptomics indicated that Ccdc80-knockout could down-regulate arachidonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	156-176	coiled-coil domain containing 80	Mus musculus	99-105
32058033-6	2020	EA.hy926 cells were exposed to ALA, SDA, EPA or DHA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-111
32058033-10	2020	ALA, SDA and DHA (50 muM) all reduced adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	latexin	Homo sapiens	21-24
32058033-10	2020	ALA, SDA and DHA (50 muM) all reduced adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	50-55
31439672-3	2020	In this study, we investigated the impact of alpha-linolenic acid on human platelet binding to vWF under high-shear flow conditions (mimicking blood flow in stenosed arteries).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	95-98
31439672-4	2020	Pre-incubation of fresh human blood from healthy donors with alpha-linolenic acid at dietary relevant concentrations reduced platelet binding and rolling on vWF-coated microchannels at a shear rate of 100 dyn/cm2.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	61-81	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
31439672-7	2020	This study provides novel findings on the rapid local rearrangement of the glycoprotein Ib complexes in response to high-shear flow and highlights the mechanism of in vitro inhibition of platelet binding to and rolling on vWF by alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	229-249	von Willebrand factor	Homo sapiens	222-225
32243527-10	2020	Between PD30 and PD45, TS mice prenatally treated with oleic or linolenic acid showed better cognitive abilities (+28% and +25%, P < 0.01) and a higher density of the postsynaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) (+65% and +44%, P < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated TS animals.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-78	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	187-192
32243527-10	2020	Between PD30 and PD45, TS mice prenatally treated with oleic or linolenic acid showed better cognitive abilities (+28% and +25%, P < 0.01) and a higher density of the postsynaptic marker PSD95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) (+65% and +44%, P < 0.05) than the vehicle-treated TS animals.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-78	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	194-225
32502762-9	2020	Higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acid were found for T-allele carriers of FADS1 SNP.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	30-44	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
32430018-7	2020	RESULTS: Dietary chia supplementation induced an increase in plasma ALA concentration (75%) and dietary fiber (55%) consumption.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	68-71	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	17-21
32486008-9	2020	Among the tested unsaturated FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid exhibited substantial URAT1-inhibitory activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 6.0, 14.2, and 15.2 muM, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	57-77	solute carrier family 22 member 12	Homo sapiens	126-131
32348174-7	2020	Forskolin and ALA selectively preserved caveolin-3 in T2D cells, whereas PKCb2 and FAK inhibition increased caveolin-3 under all conditions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	caveolin 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
32348174-9	2020	In summary: caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCb2 and FAK activities repress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA, AC activation and PKCbeta2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling and extent of apoptosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	211-214	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
32348174-9	2020	In summary: caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCb2 and FAK activities repress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA, AC activation and PKCbeta2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling and extent of apoptosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	332-335	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-29
32348174-9	2020	In summary: caveolin-1 and -3 are strongly repressed with simulated T2D, with caveolin-3 particularly sensitive to palmitate; intrinsic PKCb2 and FAK activities repress caveolin-3 in healthy and stressed cells; ALA, AC activation and PKCbeta2 inhibition preserve caveolin-3 under T2D conditions; and caveolin-3 changes with T2D and ALA appear unrelated to inflammatory signaling and extent of apoptosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	332-335	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
31980223-4	2020	The efficacy of ALA-NS was further affirmed using more stringent markers for inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NFkappaB-p65), milk quality (sterol response element-binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c), and bacterial resistance (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1, UCHL-1) in milk samples.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-19	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	155-167
32430018-3	2020	Chia is a seed rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, and fiber; therefore, it could be useful to treat NAFLD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	23-43	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
32430018-3	2020	Chia is a seed rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), antioxidants, and fiber; therefore, it could be useful to treat NAFLD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-48	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
31917888-6	2020	ALA-HFD significantly reduced liver weight, hepatic cholesterol levels and expression of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FDPS) relative to HFD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	farnesyl diphosphate synthetase	Mus musculus	122-153
31917888-6	2020	ALA-HFD significantly reduced liver weight, hepatic cholesterol levels and expression of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FDPS) relative to HFD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	farnesyl diphosphate synthetase	Mus musculus	155-159
31917888-7	2020	ALA further increased expression of acetyl-coA oxidase (Acox1)-associated proteins and suppressed PPARalpha-induced proteins relative to HFD.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	98-107
32169807-4	2020	Both ALA and long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation also reversed the fructose-induced upregulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) gene, which is involved in the generation of active glucocorticoids in tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	5-8	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5	Rattus norvegicus	100-155
31980223-4	2020	The efficacy of ALA-NS was further affirmed using more stringent markers for inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NFkappaB-p65), milk quality (sterol response element-binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c), and bacterial resistance (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1, UCHL-1) in milk samples.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-19	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	228-236
31980223-4	2020	The efficacy of ALA-NS was further affirmed using more stringent markers for inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, NFkappaB-p65), milk quality (sterol response element-binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c), and bacterial resistance (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-1, UCHL-1) in milk samples.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	16-19	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	306-312
32158433-7	2020	Both ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA reduced the CCND2 expression and cis-9, trans-11 CLA induced apoptosis.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	5-8	cyclin D2	Bos taurus	45-50
32158433-8	2020	ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP19A1, FSHR, LHCGR and decreased the 17beta-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Bos taurus	75-79
32158433-8	2020	ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP19A1, FSHR, LHCGR and decreased the 17beta-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	aromatase	Bos taurus	81-88
32158433-8	2020	ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP19A1, FSHR, LHCGR and decreased the 17beta-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Bos taurus	90-94
32158433-8	2020	ALA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of STAR, CYP19A1, FSHR, LHCGR and decreased the 17beta-Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor	Bos taurus	96-101
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-108
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	110-119
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	122-135
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	137-141
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	147-164
32084579-7	2020	ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	166-174
32084579-8	2020	Moreover, we found that the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were highly increased in LPS-induced ALI, while the activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased, which were reversed by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	240-243	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	38-53
32084579-8	2020	Moreover, we found that the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were highly increased in LPS-induced ALI, while the activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased, which were reversed by ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	240-243	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	55-58
32084579-10	2020	Furthermore, ALA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB (p65) activation in ALI.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	64-76
32084579-10	2020	Furthermore, ALA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB (p65) activation in ALI.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	92-95
32054109-6	2020	ID4-correlated mRNAs of the TCGA and E-GEOD-18295 datasets were analyzed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-49	inhibitor of DNA binding 4	Mus musculus	0-3
32015327-0	2020	alpha-Linolenic acid but not linolenic acid protects against hypertension: critical role of SIRT3 and autophagic flux.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	92-97
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	100-112
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	114-122
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	15-18	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	128-134
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-49	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	100-112
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-49	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	114-122
31980223-5	2020	Treatment with ALA-NS (at 2 concentrations of ALA, F1 and F2) significantly decreased expression of NFkappaB-p65, SREBP-1c, and UCHL-1 after d 10 of treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-49	ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1	Homo sapiens	128-134
32015327-3	2020	Our data showed that ALA but not LA supplementation alleviated systolic blood pressure elevation and improved ACh-induced, endothelium-dependent vasodilation in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and AngII-induced hypertensive mice.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
32015327-4	2020	In addition, SHRs displayed reduced vascular Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, subsequent superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) hyperacetylation and mitochondrial ROS overproduction, all of which were ameliorated by ALA but not LA supplementation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-207	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	86-108
32015327-4	2020	In addition, SHRs displayed reduced vascular Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression, subsequent superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) hyperacetylation and mitochondrial ROS overproduction, all of which were ameliorated by ALA but not LA supplementation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	204-207	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	110-114
32015327-5	2020	In primary cultured endothelial cells, ALA treatment directly inhibited SIRT3 reduction, SOD2 hyperacetylation, mitochondrial ROS overproduction and alleviated autophagic flux impairment induced by AngII plus TNFalpha treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	72-77
32015327-5	2020	In primary cultured endothelial cells, ALA treatment directly inhibited SIRT3 reduction, SOD2 hyperacetylation, mitochondrial ROS overproduction and alleviated autophagic flux impairment induced by AngII plus TNFalpha treatment.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	89-93
32015327-6	2020	However, these beneficial effects of ALA were completely blocked by silencing SIRT3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	78-83
32015327-9	2020	Our findings suggest that ALA but not LA supplementation improves endothelial dysfunction and diminishes experimental hypertension by rescuing SIRT3 impairment to restore autophagic flux and mitochondrial redox balance in endothelial cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	143-148
31763194-4	2019	We validated the protocol providing a mean concentration of 4E + 04 PFU mL-1 lytic bacteriophages for the fish-pathogen bacterium Vibrio ordalii.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-62	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	72-76
31890165-14	2019	The Low-ALA (150 mg/kg) exhibited protective effects against the TNBS-induced colitis via the Th1/Th2/Th17 pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	94-97
31890165-14	2019	The Low-ALA (150 mg/kg) exhibited protective effects against the TNBS-induced colitis via the Th1/Th2/Th17 pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	8-11	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	98-101
31689934-7	2019	Further, our in silico results predicted the higher affinity and good inhibition of DEHP, glyceryl linolenate, and lucenin 2 to the MDM2-p53 interface compared to the standard reference 15 a compound.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-109	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
31689934-7	2019	Further, our in silico results predicted the higher affinity and good inhibition of DEHP, glyceryl linolenate, and lucenin 2 to the MDM2-p53 interface compared to the standard reference 15 a compound.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	90-109	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
31521716-0	2019	Inorganic mesoporous particles for controlled alpha-linolenic acid delivery to stimulate GLP-1 secretion in vitro.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	46-66	glucagon	Mus musculus	89-94
31521716-4	2019	alpha-Linolenic acid (alphaLA) has been shown to stimulate GLP-1 secretion, however, chemical instability and fast uptake in the small intestine hinder its use in body weight management.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	glucagon	Mus musculus	59-64
31521716-4	2019	alpha-Linolenic acid (alphaLA) has been shown to stimulate GLP-1 secretion, however, chemical instability and fast uptake in the small intestine hinder its use in body weight management.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-29	glucagon	Mus musculus	59-64
31521716-9	2019	alphaLA loaded THCPSi significantly and dose dependently stimulated GLP-1 secretion from STC-1 cells, whereas empty particles did not.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-7	glucagon	Mus musculus	68-73
31521716-9	2019	alphaLA loaded THCPSi significantly and dose dependently stimulated GLP-1 secretion from STC-1 cells, whereas empty particles did not.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-7	stanniocalcin 1	Mus musculus	89-94
30940325-5	2019	In addition, alpha-LA inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 and its pharmacological properties were facilitated via the inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	75-78
30887939-8	2019	Consumption of plant n-3 PUFA mainly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is highly variable depending on the country.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-57	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	25-29
30887939-8	2019	Consumption of plant n-3 PUFA mainly alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is highly variable depending on the country.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-62	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	25-29
31695426-9	2019	Overexpression of S100A11 also significantly downregulated E-caherin, and upregulated N-caherin, beta-catenin, and c-Myc in C33A cells (P &lt; 0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	59-68	S100 calcium binding protein A11	Homo sapiens	18-25
31590339-3	2019	Oilextracted from the seeds of Plukenetia volubilis (green nut oil; GNO) is also expected to have DHA like effectsas it contains approximately 50% alpha-linolenic acid, a precursor of DHA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	147-167	NUT midline carcinoma, family member 1	Mus musculus	59-62
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	61-76
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	78-81
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	84-100
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	102-106
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	109-125
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	127-132
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	138-169
31372877-10	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid significantly reduced the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the ALA + CIS group compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	184-187	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	61-76
31372877-11	2019	Furthermore, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) quantities were significantly elevated in the ALA + CIS group when compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	135-138	catalase	Mus musculus	13-21
31372877-11	2019	Furthermore, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) quantities were significantly elevated in the ALA + CIS group when compared to the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	135-138	catalase	Mus musculus	23-26
31372877-12	2019	ALA significantly decreased the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while significantly increasing the level of bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the ALA + CIS group than in the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	42-45
31372877-12	2019	ALA significantly decreased the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while significantly increasing the level of bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the ALA + CIS group than in the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	113-118
31372877-12	2019	ALA significantly decreased the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while significantly increasing the level of bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, in the ALA + CIS group than in the CIS group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	154-157	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	113-118
31557890-3	2019	To investigate whether PUFAs, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, n-3 PUFA) and linoleic acid (LA, n-6 PUFA), could enhance the impermeability of a three-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, skin substitutes were produced according to the self-assembly method using culture media supplemented with either 10 muM ALA or 10 muM LA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-55	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	23-27
31638497-6	2019	FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism and different FADS2 genotypes were associated with higher concentrations of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in children; moreover, some FADS2 genotypes determined lower AA concentrations in children"s cheek cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-138	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31807666-3	2019	Delta -6-desaturase is a membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha -linolenic acid (C18:3 n -3) and linoleic acid (C18:2 n -6) to stearidonic acid (18:4 n -3) and gamma -linolenic acid (18:3 n -6).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	80-101	fatty acid desaturase 2	Bos taurus	0-19
31638497-6	2019	FADS1 rs174556 polymorphism and different FADS2 genotypes were associated with higher concentrations of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids in children; moreover, some FADS2 genotypes determined lower AA concentrations in children"s cheek cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	117-138	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
31489674-9	2019	The hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of chia may be correlated to its high content of alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and phenolics.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	96-116	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	50-54
31216727-8	2019	Milk from G cows was richer in saturated fatty acids, likely because of the contribution of palmitic acid present in the grazed barley grass, and also showed higher contents of some healthy fatty acids, such as rumenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	228-248	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31077382-8	2019	CONCLUSION: The present study found that linolenic acid content is related to significantly increased expression levels of the FAD3C and FAD3D genes in the endoplasmic reticulum, which was uncovered by radiation mutation breeding of soybean.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-55	microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	127-132
31207257-0	2019	Alpha-linolenic acid based nano-suspension protect against lipopolysaccharides induced mastitis by inhibiting NFkappaBp65, HIF-1alpha, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in albino Wistar rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
30959179-2	2019	Previously, we have reported that alpha linolenic acid (ALA), induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines and reduced expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins with simultaneous decrease in Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-54	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	189-193
30959179-2	2019	Previously, we have reported that alpha linolenic acid (ALA), induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines and reduced expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins with simultaneous decrease in Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-54	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	194-198
30959179-2	2019	Previously, we have reported that alpha linolenic acid (ALA), induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines and reduced expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins with simultaneous decrease in Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-59	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	189-193
30959179-2	2019	Previously, we have reported that alpha linolenic acid (ALA), induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines and reduced expression of E6 and E7 oncoproteins with simultaneous decrease in Cox2/VEGF/MAP kinase proteins.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	56-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	194-198
31138624-9	2019	ech2 seedlings accumulate 3-hydroxyoctenoate (C8:1-OH) and 3-hydroxyoctanoate (C8:0-OH), putative hydrolysis products of catabolic intermediates for alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, respectively.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	149-169	enoyl-CoA hydratase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
31340443-0	2019	Interaction of Dietary Linoleic Acid and alpha-Linolenic Acids with rs174547 in FADS1 Gene on Metabolic Syndrome Components among Vegetarians.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-62	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
31340443-3	2019	This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the interaction of rs174547 in FADS1 gene with LA and ALA on metabolic syndrome (MetS) components.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	100-103	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
31307375-0	2019	Demonstration of highly efficient dual gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the homeologous GmFAD2-1A and GmFAD2-1B genes to yield a high oleic, low linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid phenotype in soybean.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	153-173	omega-6 fatty acid desaturase	Glycine max	97-106
31006410-11	2019	Several oxylipins derived from 18-carbon PUFA (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) were elevated in UVC-treated milk.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	60-81	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	41-45
30848861-9	2019	In addition, ALA down-regulated Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in both monocytes and ASCs, which resulted in decreased interactions between ob-ASCs and MNCs, and inhibition of IL-17A secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	199-205
31030167-7	2019	Walnuts also reduced TNFalpha-induced diabetic adipocyte production of IL-6 (-48%, P=.0006) and IL-8 (-30%, P=.01), changes inversely correlated with levels of alpha-linolenic acid-derived epoxides but not alpha-linolenic acid itself.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	160-180	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-29
31030167-7	2019	Walnuts also reduced TNFalpha-induced diabetic adipocyte production of IL-6 (-48%, P=.0006) and IL-8 (-30%, P=.01), changes inversely correlated with levels of alpha-linolenic acid-derived epoxides but not alpha-linolenic acid itself.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	206-226	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-29
30848861-4	2019	METHODS AND RESULTS: The n-3 PUFA precursor, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or its derivatives, eicosapentaenoic, or docosahexaenoic acid, is added to co-cultures of human ob-ASCs and mononuclear cells (MNCs).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	45-65	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	29-33
30848861-7	2019	ALA also inhibited IL-17A secretion mediated by adipocytes differentiated from ob-ASCs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	19-25
30848861-10	2019	CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated herein that ALA inhibits Th17 cell promotion, through decreased ICAM-1expression in both ob-ASCs and monocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	43-46	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
30848861-8	2019	Toll-like-receptor 4 is shown to be involved in ob-ASC-mediated-IL-17A secretion, and to be inhibited by ALA, together with Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 and Signal-Transducer-and-Activator-of-transcription-3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	105-108	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	0-20
31245005-10	2019	Conversely, women with high palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels had reduced odds (>=2-fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) for having higher IL-8, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-66	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	139-143
30848861-9	2019	In addition, ALA down-regulated Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in both monocytes and ASCs, which resulted in decreased interactions between ob-ASCs and MNCs, and inhibition of IL-17A secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	32-65
30848861-9	2019	In addition, ALA down-regulated Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in both monocytes and ASCs, which resulted in decreased interactions between ob-ASCs and MNCs, and inhibition of IL-17A secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	67-73
31245005-10	2019	Conversely, women with high palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels had reduced odds (>=2-fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) for having higher IL-8, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	145-149
31245005-10	2019	Conversely, women with high palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid levels had reduced odds (>=2-fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) for having higher IL-8, IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-180
31088622-7	2019	Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI, DHA, smoking status, and smoking status*ALA interaction significantly predicted SBP (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.44) and DBP (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.33), while ethnicity had no effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	86-89	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
31088622-7	2019	Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI, DHA, smoking status, and smoking status*ALA interaction significantly predicted SBP (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.44) and DBP (p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.33), while ethnicity had no effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	86-89	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	158-161
30583361-3	2019	Linolenic acid contents of heated chia seed oils varied between 66.84% (900 W) and 68.71% (control).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	34-38
30975378-8	2019	ALA incubated larvae at 10 microM and 20 microM concentrations also showed a significant reduction in c-fos mRNA level.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	102-107
30935000-11	2019	Due to the positive association between concentrations of n-3 LC PUFA (ALA and DHA) and beta-carotene in breastmilk and infant motor development, it is important to provide these nutrients with breastmilk.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	71-74	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	65-69
30925775-8	2019	The GPX1 (r2 = 0.319, p = 0.002) and SOD2 (r2 = 0.244, p = 0.009) enzyme activities were positively related to ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-114	glutathione peroxidase 1	Ovis aries	4-8
30925775-8	2019	The GPX1 (r2 = 0.319, p = 0.002) and SOD2 (r2 = 0.244, p = 0.009) enzyme activities were positively related to ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	111-114	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial	Ovis aries	37-41
30925775-9	2019	There was a positive linear relationship between muscle gpx1 (r2 = 0.102, p = 0.017) or sod2 (r2 = 0.049, p = 0.09) mRNA expressions and ALA concentration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-140	glutathione peroxidase 1	Ovis aries	56-60
30925775-9	2019	There was a positive linear relationship between muscle gpx1 (r2 = 0.102, p = 0.017) or sod2 (r2 = 0.049, p = 0.09) mRNA expressions and ALA concentration.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	137-140	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial	Ovis aries	88-92
30560457-5	2019	We used phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) as a readout to monitor brush cell responses to the LCFAs oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	156-176	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	31-73
30560457-5	2019	We used phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) as a readout to monitor brush cell responses to the LCFAs oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	156-176	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	75-81
30221357-7	2019	It was concluded that ALA persuaded the mitochondrial stress, activation of downstream cholinergic anti-inflammatory markers, and favorable regulation of hypoxia microenvironment through inhibition of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase	Caenorhabditis elegans	201-220
30221357-7	2019	It was concluded that ALA persuaded the mitochondrial stress, activation of downstream cholinergic anti-inflammatory markers, and favorable regulation of hypoxia microenvironment through inhibition of fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	22-25	BHLH domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	225-266
30715388-8	2019	Compound-specific isotope analysis indicated that 310% more liver DHA in the DHA-ALA group compared with the DHA group is derived from dietary ALA, and this was accompanied by a 123% and 93% higher expression of elongation of very long-chain (Elovl)2 and Elovl5, respectively, in the DHA-ALA group compared with the ALA group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2	Rattus norvegicus	243-250
30715388-8	2019	Compound-specific isotope analysis indicated that 310% more liver DHA in the DHA-ALA group compared with the DHA group is derived from dietary ALA, and this was accompanied by a 123% and 93% higher expression of elongation of very long-chain (Elovl)2 and Elovl5, respectively, in the DHA-ALA group compared with the ALA group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	81-84	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5	Rattus norvegicus	255-261
30871233-14	2019	Our findings demonstrate that, in the context of a low-fat vegan diet, decreased intake of saturated and trans fats and increased relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids, are associated with decreased fat mass and insulin resistance, and enhanced insulin secretion.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	205-226	insulin	Homo sapiens	271-278
30502680-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Chia seed oil is the richest source of plant-based omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid, but its potential and mechanisms of action to treat obesity are unclear.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-102	chitinase, acidic 1	Mus musculus	11-15
31156785-4	2019	Treated S groups with dexamethasone and both concentrations of ALA lead to significant decrease in TR to methacholine and OA, BALF levels of TP, PLA2, IgE and IL-4 compared to group S (P&lt;0.001 for all case).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-66	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
31156785-4	2019	Treated S groups with dexamethasone and both concentrations of ALA lead to significant decrease in TR to methacholine and OA, BALF levels of TP, PLA2, IgE and IL-4 compared to group S (P&lt;0.001 for all case).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	63-66	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
31156785-5	2019	The effects of all concentrations of ALA on INF-gamma, IL-4 and INF-gamma/IL4 ratio and also the effect of its highest concentration on TP and IgE level were significantly higher than dexamethasone treatment (P&lt;0.001 for all cases).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
31156785-5	2019	The effects of all concentrations of ALA on INF-gamma, IL-4 and INF-gamma/IL4 ratio and also the effect of its highest concentration on TP and IgE level were significantly higher than dexamethasone treatment (P&lt;0.001 for all cases).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
31156785-6	2019	Conclusion: Results showed an immune modulatory effect of the ALA that increased INF-gamma, INF-gamma/IL4 ratio (as an index of Th1/Th2) and decreased IL-4 in sensitized rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-65	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
31156785-6	2019	Conclusion: Results showed an immune modulatory effect of the ALA that increased INF-gamma, INF-gamma/IL4 ratio (as an index of Th1/Th2) and decreased IL-4 in sensitized rats.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	62-65	interleukin 4	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
31353554-1	2019	The estreification of chrysin with alpha-Linolenic acid (complex I) and linoleic acid (complex II) poly unsaturated fatty acids resulted to design of new mushroom tyrosinase (MT) inhibitors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	35-55	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	163-173
30653193-6	2019	RESULTS: Fat-1 mice, relative to WT mice, showed increased n-3 LCPUFAs levels (alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid, p &lt; 0.05) and decreased arachidonic acid levels (p &lt; 0.05) in the ileum.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	79-99	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Mus musculus	9-14
30680329-6	2018	However, expression of gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1, cumulus expansion-related gene), delta-6 desaturase (FADS1, fatty acid metabolism-related gene), and delta-5 desaturase (FADS2) mRNA in cumulus cells were reduced by 50 muM ALA treatment (p&lt;0.05).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	232-235	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	180-185
30661600-8	2019	Cells incubated with ALA had a statistically significantly lower production of VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 compared to cells incubated without additional ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	79-83
30661600-8	2019	Cells incubated with ALA had a statistically significantly lower production of VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 compared to cells incubated without additional ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	85-91
30661600-8	2019	Cells incubated with ALA had a statistically significantly lower production of VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 compared to cells incubated without additional ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	93-99
30661600-8	2019	Cells incubated with ALA had a statistically significantly lower production of VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 compared to cells incubated without additional ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	111-115
30661600-10	2019	Cells incubated with low LA:ALA ratios had lower production of VEGF, RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared with a LA:ALA ratio of 19:1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-31	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	63-67
30661600-10	2019	Cells incubated with low LA:ALA ratios had lower production of VEGF, RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared with a LA:ALA ratio of 19:1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-31	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	69-75
30661600-10	2019	Cells incubated with low LA:ALA ratios had lower production of VEGF, RANTES, MCP-1 and IL-6 when compared with a LA:ALA ratio of 19:1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	28-31	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	87-91
30661600-11	2019	These findings suggest that a low LA:ALA ratio exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering the production VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells compared to a high ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	107-111
30661600-11	2019	These findings suggest that a low LA:ALA ratio exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering the production VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells compared to a high ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5	Mus musculus	113-119
30661600-11	2019	These findings suggest that a low LA:ALA ratio exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering the production VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells compared to a high ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	121-127
30661600-11	2019	These findings suggest that a low LA:ALA ratio exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering the production VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells compared to a high ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	139-143
30661600-11	2019	These findings suggest that a low LA:ALA ratio exerts anti-inflammatory effects by lowering the production VEGF, RANTES, ICAM-1, MCP-1 and IL-6 in TNF-alpha stimulated endothelial cells compared to a high ratio.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	37-40	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	147-156
30599958-2	2019	Chia seeds constitute a promising source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	44-64	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
30599958-2	2019	Chia seeds constitute a promising source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	66-69	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	0-4
30191311-1	2019	KEY MESSAGE: The transcriptomic profile in the leaves of miR482b-overexpressing tomato plants revealed that miR482b may suppress alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and the MAPK pathway to reduce resistance to Phytophthora infestans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	129-149	MIR482b	Solanum lycopersicum	57-64
30191311-1	2019	KEY MESSAGE: The transcriptomic profile in the leaves of miR482b-overexpressing tomato plants revealed that miR482b may suppress alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, and the MAPK pathway to reduce resistance to Phytophthora infestans.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	129-149	MIR482b	Solanum lycopersicum	108-115
30195166-2	2018	The recombinant CYP74M2 protein was active towards 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic and a-linolenic acids (13-HPOD and 13-HPOT, respectively).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	85-102	CYP74M2	Selaginella moellendorffii	16-23
30488034-4	2018	Co-incubation of RSV with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) also induced FADS1 and FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-46	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
30488034-4	2018	Co-incubation of RSV with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) also induced FADS1 and FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-46	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
30488034-4	2018	Co-incubation of RSV with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) also induced FADS1 and FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
30488034-4	2018	Co-incubation of RSV with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) also induced FADS1 and FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-51	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
30475967-11	2018	Participants in the nut group showed an increase in the consumption of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, vitamin E, alpha-linolenic acid, total omega-3 (n-3) and omega-3:omega-6 ratio intake during the intervention.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	162-182	NUT midline carcinoma family member 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
29913272-3	2018	The lipopolymer, based on the lipid alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA) substitution on low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI), was used to deliver siRNA against the BCR-ABL gene and, the resultant therapeutic effect was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo CML models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	36-56	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	167-174
30041907-10	2018	When FADS2AT2 was transiently transfected into MCF7 cells stably expressing FADS2, delta-6 desaturation (D6D) of alpha-linolenic acid 18:3n-3   18:4n-3 was suppressed as were downstream products 20:4n-3 and 20:5n-3.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	113-133	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	5-10
30204475-1	2018	Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) contains high amounts of n-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and has been associated with many health benefits.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	83-86	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30101962-0	2018	Effects of a low and a high dietary LA/ALA ratio on long-chain PUFA concentrations in red blood cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	63-67
29913272-3	2018	The lipopolymer, based on the lipid alpha-linolenic acid (alphaLA) substitution on low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI), was used to deliver siRNA against the BCR-ABL gene and, the resultant therapeutic effect was evaluated in in vitro and in vivo CML models.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	58-65	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	167-174
30110883-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Chia seed is an ancient seed with the richest plant source of alpha-linolenic acid, which has been demonstrated to improve metabolic syndrome associated risk factors.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	74-94	chitinase, acidic 1	Mus musculus	12-16
32734050-6	2018	Numerous studies have shown that dietary ALA increases n-3 LC-PUFA levels of edible tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	41-44	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
32734050-7	2018	However, other studies concluded that ALA rich supplementation led to no differences in tissue FA profiles because of extensive biohydrogenation of dietary ALA, limited conversion from ALA to n-3 LC-PUFA and low incorporation of n-3 LC-PUFA into edible tissues.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	38-41	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	236-240
32734050-9	2018	It is proposed that supplementing ruminants with ALA-rich sources at or below 6% can promote n-3 PUFA profiles in lamb and is unlikely to have negative effects on feed intake, growth, carcass and sensory properties.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-52	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	97-101
29727591-9	2018	Most notably, ALA supplementation reduced Angptl4 gene expression compared with obese control and obese-LA supplemented rats and reduced circulating ANGPTL4 serum concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	angiopoietin-like 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-49
29750879-4	2018	The study examines whether challenge of astrocytes with VA, prior 24-h treatment with palmitic acid (PA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has the effect on the FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	106-126	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
29750879-4	2018	The study examines whether challenge of astrocytes with VA, prior 24-h treatment with palmitic acid (PA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has the effect on the FADS2 expression.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	128-131	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
29652550-2	2018	Chia seed is an ancient seed and is the richest plant source of alpha-linolenic acid.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	64-84	chitinase, acidic 1	Mus musculus	0-4
29727591-9	2018	Most notably, ALA supplementation reduced Angptl4 gene expression compared with obese control and obese-LA supplemented rats and reduced circulating ANGPTL4 serum concentrations.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	14-17	angiopoietin-like 4	Rattus norvegicus	149-156
29727591-10	2018	ALA also influenced Angptl4 gene expression and ANGPTL4 secretion from differentiated rat L6 myotubes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	angiopoietin-like 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-27
29727591-10	2018	ALA also influenced Angptl4 gene expression and ANGPTL4 secretion from differentiated rat L6 myotubes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	angiopoietin-like 4	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
29698923-4	2018	We find that ALA treatment leads to a reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	108-144
30029467-1	2018	Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) provide an unusually high content of alpha-linolenic acid with several potential health benefits, but few studies have examined the long-term intake of n-3 fatty acid-rich plant foods such as chia.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	67-87	chitinase, acidic	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
30092058-10	2018	Multivariate analysis showed that the intake of linolenic acid was negatively associated with DKD (OR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.35-0.93; P = 0.024), adjusted for gender, smoking, cardiovascular disease, ACE inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blocker use, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and HDL cholesterol.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	48-62	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	194-197
30505053-2	2018	In the present study, the effect of the extract of the plant and its constituent, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), on oxidant and antioxidant markers of PHA/non-stimulated human mononuclear cells was evaluated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	82-102	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	148-151
30505053-2	2018	In the present study, the effect of the extract of the plant and its constituent, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), on oxidant and antioxidant markers of PHA/non-stimulated human mononuclear cells was evaluated.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	104-107	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	148-151
30505053-6	2018	However, the levels of NO and MDA due to dexamethasone and 160 mug/ml of the extract and 15 and 45 mug/ml of ALA treatment were also reduced in PHA-stimulated cells (P &lt; 0.001 for all cases).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-112	lamin B receptor	Homo sapiens	144-147
29448064-8	2018	Linolenic acid also caused a significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	acetylcholinesterase	Culex quinquefasciatus	53-73
29668263-0	2018	Neuroprotective Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid against Abeta-Mediated Inflammatory Responses in C6 Glial Cell.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-46	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	55-60
29115671-6	2018	Furthermore, the exogenous alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3n-3), strengthened the binding of SP1 to the ELOVL7 proximal promoter, resulting in the accumulation of lipid droplets in bMECs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-47	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7	Bos taurus	104-110
29115671-6	2018	Furthermore, the exogenous alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18: 3n-3), strengthened the binding of SP1 to the ELOVL7 proximal promoter, resulting in the accumulation of lipid droplets in bMECs.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	49-52	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7	Bos taurus	104-110
29115671-7	2018	In conclusion, these data suggest that the transcription of bovine ELOVL7 is affected by the binding of SP1 and the treatment of ALA, moreover, enlightening us the profound role of SP1 in modulating lipid synthesis of the mammary gland in cattle.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	129-132	ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7	Bos taurus	67-73
29752697-8	2018	In the present work, ALA production was achieved successfully in safflower seeds by transforming safflower hypocotyls with Arabidopsis specific delta 15 desaturase (FAD3) driven by truncated seed specific promoter.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	fatty acid desaturase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	165-169
29668263-6	2018	Inhibitory effect of ALA on generation of NO and cytokines was mediated by down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein and mRNA expressions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	21-24	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	130-146
29668263-7	2018	In addition, ALA treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species generation induced by Abeta25-35 through the enhancement of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) protein levels and subsequent induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in C6 glial cells dose- and time-dependently.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	125-168
29668263-7	2018	In addition, ALA treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species generation induced by Abeta25-35 through the enhancement of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) protein levels and subsequent induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in C6 glial cells dose- and time-dependently.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	170-175
29668263-7	2018	In addition, ALA treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species generation induced by Abeta25-35 through the enhancement of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) protein levels and subsequent induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in C6 glial cells dose- and time-dependently.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	220-236
29668263-7	2018	In addition, ALA treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species generation induced by Abeta25-35 through the enhancement of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) protein levels and subsequent induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in C6 glial cells dose- and time-dependently.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-16	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	238-242
29668263-8	2018	Furthermore, the levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme protein expressions, which contribute to degradation of Abeta, were also increased by treatment of ALA compared to Abeta25-35-treated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	166-169	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	27-37
29668263-8	2018	Furthermore, the levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme protein expressions, which contribute to degradation of Abeta, were also increased by treatment of ALA compared to Abeta25-35-treated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	166-169	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	42-66
29668263-8	2018	Furthermore, the levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme protein expressions, which contribute to degradation of Abeta, were also increased by treatment of ALA compared to Abeta25-35-treated control group.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	166-169	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	123-128
29668263-9	2018	In conclusion, effects of ALA on Abeta degradation were shown to be mediated through inhibition of inflammatory responses and activation of antioxidative system, Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway, in C6 glial cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	33-38
29668263-9	2018	In conclusion, effects of ALA on Abeta degradation were shown to be mediated through inhibition of inflammatory responses and activation of antioxidative system, Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway, in C6 glial cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	162-167
29668263-9	2018	In conclusion, effects of ALA on Abeta degradation were shown to be mediated through inhibition of inflammatory responses and activation of antioxidative system, Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway, in C6 glial cells.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	26-29	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
29486965-3	2018	This study reports an in vitro enzymatic method for synthesizing OPDA-Ile, which is catalyzed by reactions of lipoxygenase (LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS), and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) using isoleucine conjugates of alpha -linolenic acid (LA-Ile) as the substrate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	221-242	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	110-122
29867815-12	2018	Microbial FA correlated with microbial taxa and levels of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid in milk.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	91-111	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	115-119
29523747-2	2018	Here, a potential process involving the catalytic actions of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is proposed for ALA enrichment in triacylglycerol (TAG).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	157-160	acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
29523747-2	2018	Here, a potential process involving the catalytic actions of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is proposed for ALA enrichment in triacylglycerol (TAG).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	157-160	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
29486965-3	2018	This study reports an in vitro enzymatic method for synthesizing OPDA-Ile, which is catalyzed by reactions of lipoxygenase (LOX), allene oxide synthase (AOS), and allene oxide cyclase (AOC) using isoleucine conjugates of alpha -linolenic acid (LA-Ile) as the substrate.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	221-242	lipoxygenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	124-127
29393345-6	2018	In particular, three downregulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-1268b, hsa-miR-1273d, hsa-miR-3187-5p, were involved in a-linolenic acid metabolism.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	109-123	microRNA 1268b	Homo sapiens	43-56
29629025-5	2018	Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	104-138
29629025-5	2018	Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
29629025-5	2018	Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	155-171
29629025-5	2018	Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	173-178
29629025-5	2018	Moreover, we determined whether PO and ALA regulated the apoptosis-related protein expressions, such as cleaved-poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), cleaved caspase-9 and -3, BCL-2 and BAX.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	39-42	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	183-186
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	35-51
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	119-122	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	163-168
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	215-218	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	35-51
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	215-218	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	159-162
29629025-8	2018	Furthermore, cleaved-PARP, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 activations were significantly decreased in the presence of PO and ALA, and the H2O2-mediated up-regulated BAX/BCL-2 ratio was blocked after treatment with PO and ALA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	215-218	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	163-168
29459911-6	2018	ALA concentrations significantly (p &lt; 0.001) increased from 1.44 +- 0.10 (week 0) to 4.65 +- 0.22 (week 1), 5.47 +- 0.23 (week 3), 6.25 +- 0.24 (week 6), and 5.80 +- 0.28 (week 12) mug mL-1.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	188-192
29459911-10	2018	ALA- and EPA-derived hydroxy- and dihydroxy-PUFA increased similarly to their PUFA precursors, although in the case of ALA-derived oxylipins, the concentrations increased less rapidly and to a lesser extent compared to the concentrations of their precursor FA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-3	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	44-48
29459911-15	2018	The PUFA levels in RBCs reflect the concentration and its changes in plasma hydroxy- and dihydroxy-PUFA concentrations for ALA and EPA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	123-126	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	4-8
29459911-15	2018	The PUFA levels in RBCs reflect the concentration and its changes in plasma hydroxy- and dihydroxy-PUFA concentrations for ALA and EPA.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	123-126	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	99-103
29342901-5	2018	At 1, 3, 48 and 96 h ALA alone and 24 h animal ratio treatments significantly reduced MCF-7 cell viability, while 1 and 3 h ALA alone and human and animal ratio treatments all significantly reduced miR-21 expression, and 24 h animal ratio treatment reduced miR-21 expression; these effects were not associated with changes in PTEN gene or protein expressions.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	124-127	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	198-204
29452425-1	2018	Context: Chia seed is a popular dietary supplement, taken mainly for its high content of alpha-linolenic acid, vegetable protein, and dietary fiber, yet information about its clinical effects is lacking.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	89-109	chitinase acidic	Homo sapiens	9-13
28962890-14	2018	The GC-MS analysis results showed that RhA contained a large number of unsaturated fatty acids, such as octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecatrienoic acid (linolenic acid), and oleate, which might represent the anticancer components of the extract.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	142-163	HCL2	Homo sapiens	39-42
28962890-14	2018	The GC-MS analysis results showed that RhA contained a large number of unsaturated fatty acids, such as octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecatrienoic acid (linolenic acid), and oleate, which might represent the anticancer components of the extract.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	165-179	HCL2	Homo sapiens	39-42
29107850-5	2018	The increase of interleukin-6 during the 24h after implantation was associated with higher levels of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and lower levels of alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 N3).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-168	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	16-29
29342901-6	2018	We showed for the first time that ALA alone or combined with EPA and DHA at levels seen in human and animal blood post-ALA consumption can significantly reduce cell viability and modulate miR-21 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with the animal ratio containing higher DHA having a greater effect.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	34-37	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	188-194
28904023-3	2018	BMDCs were stimulated with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h, and significant increases in M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg1) were observed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	arginase, liver	Mus musculus	153-163
29424439-5	2018	LNA, ALA, GLA, and PLA upregulated Ucp1 expression and tended to upregulate Pgc1a expression in murine primary adipocytes, but not in 10T1/2, 3T3-L1, and porcine primary adipocytes.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	5-8	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	35-39
28918545-10	2017	Linolenic acid was the most important fatty acid consumed by lipoxygenase in both turning and pink stages of ripening.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-14	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase A	Solanum lycopersicum	61-73
28993193-5	2017	Grb2 levels were restored in alpha-LA-treated cells by transfection of a plasmid carrying Grb2 and were reduced in NSCLC cells via specific siRNA-mediated knockdown.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-37	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
28993193-5	2017	Grb2 levels were restored in alpha-LA-treated cells by transfection of a plasmid carrying Grb2 and were reduced in NSCLC cells via specific siRNA-mediated knockdown.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	29-37	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
28993193-6	2017	RESULTS: alpha -LA dramatically decreased NSCLC cell proliferation by downregulating Grb2; in contrast, Grb2 overexpression significantly prevented alpha-LA-induced decrease in cell growth in vitro.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-156	growth factor receptor bound protein 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
28993193-9	2017	In addition, alpha-LA exerted greater inhibitory effects than gefitinib on NSCLC cells by preventing EGF-induced EGFR activation.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	13-21	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	113-117
29080057-8	2017	Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) pathway activity (estimated using the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha-linolenic acid) was higher in men (p &lt; 0.01).	alpha-Linolenic Acid	98-118	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	0-21
28904023-0	2018	alpha-Linolenic acid-derived metabolites from gut lactic acid bacteria induce differentiation of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through G protein-coupled receptor 40.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	0-20	free fatty acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	138-167
28904023-3	2018	BMDCs were stimulated with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h, and significant increases in M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg1) were observed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	68-72
28904023-3	2018	BMDCs were stimulated with ALA, 13-OH, or 13-oxo in the presence of IL-4 or IL-13 for 24 h, and significant increases in M2 macrophage markers CD206 and Arginase-1 (Arg1) were observed.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	27-30	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	76-81
29137111-3	2017	We examined the effect of marine n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and plant-derived alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on plasma FGF23 levels in post-myocardial infarction patients with chronic kidney disease.	alpha-Linolenic Acid	148-151	fibroblast growth factor 23	Homo sapiens	163-168