PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 6508878-9 1984 During the first week of alcohol abstinence the mean morning values for serum cortisol and ACTH were reduced by 18 and 42%, respectively. Alcohols 25-32 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 91-95 3064540-2 1988 In animal experiments, administration of certain drugs, e.g. alcohol, barbiturates and chlorpromazine, retards the vestibular compensation, while others, e.g. caffeine, amphetamine and ACTH, accelerate the compensation. Alcohols 61-68 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 185-189 2852883-3 1988 Antialcoholic treatment in conditions of complete alcohol abstinence leads to the normalization of ACTH levels in the peripheral blood whereas the steroidogenesis fails to be fully recovered. Alcohols 4-11 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 99-103 6260475-0 1980 [Effect of alcohol on ACTH secretion--observations in Cushing and pseudo-Cushing syndromes]. Alcohols 11-18 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-26 6284787-0 1982 Central deficiency of beta-endorphin in alcohol addicts. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-36 6284787-3 1982 Although no significant differences existed in peripheral concentrations of the 3 peptides, alcohol addicts had beta-endorphin levels in CSF (mean +/- SE, 29.4 +/- 4.5 fmol/ml) that were 3-fold lower than those of the controls (98.4 +/- 10.5 fmol/ml; P less than 0.001) and ACTH levels 4 times higher than control values (30.0 +/- 1.8 vs. 7.4 +/- 1.1 fmol/ml in controls; P less than 0.001), while no difference was found in beta-lipotropin levels. Alcohols 92-99 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 112-126 33665551-4 2021 We focus on alcohol addiction, where the HPA axis is activated and secretes beta-endorphin, causing euphoria and analgesia. Alcohols 12-19 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 76-90 184314-0 1976 [Isolated ACTH deficiency manifested in alcohol-induced hypoglycemicacoma]. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 10-14 32994116-5 2020 In studies applying nonsocial stress tasks, alcohol-dependent patients were reported to show a blunted stress response compared with healthy controls in the majority of studies applying markers of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol. Alcohols 44-51 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 197-224 32304714-8 2020 These results suggest that ethanol has concentration-dependent modulatory effects on ArcN POMC neuronal activity, which may be relevant to treatments for alcohol use disorders that target endogenous opioid systems. Alcohols 154-161 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 90-94 31247290-4 2020 The elevated release of beta-endorphin and reduced cerebrovascular pulsatility after acute alcohol administration may account for the impairment of the glymphatic function. Alcohols 91-98 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 24-38 29359279-6 2019 RESULTS: ACTH blood levels were significantly higher in the group of alcohol-dependent patients compared to controls. Alcohols 69-76 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 9-13 32378631-4 2020 That is, alcohol stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptides such as beta-endorphin and dynorphin in the brain. Alcohols 9-16 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 78-92 31329297-1 2019 BACKGROUND: We have recently shown that binge or heavy levels of alcohol drinking increase deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and reduce gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) in adult human subjects (Gangisetty et al., Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 2019, 212). Alcohols 65-72 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 161-180 31329297-1 2019 BACKGROUND: We have recently shown that binge or heavy levels of alcohol drinking increase deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and reduce gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) in adult human subjects (Gangisetty et al., Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 2019, 212). Alcohols 65-72 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 182-186 31329297-5 2019 RESULTS: We found pregnant women who consumed moderate-to-high levels of alcohol and gave birth to PAE children had higher DNA methylation of POMC and PER2. Alcohols 73-80 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 142-146 29424043-2 2019 Because low basal plasma levels of beta-endorphin (beta-E) and an increased beta-E response to alcohol are evident in genetically at-risk human populations, this peptide is thought to contribute to the susceptibility for disordered drinking. Alcohols 95-102 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 76-82 30597578-0 2019 Hypermethylation of Proopiomelanocortin and Period 2 Genes in Blood Are Associated with Greater Subjective and Behavioral Motivation for Alcohol in Humans. Alcohols 137-144 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 20-39 30597578-7 2019 Increased PER2 and POMC DNA methylation was also significantly predictive of both increased levels of subjective alcohol craving immediately following imagery (p < 0.0001), and with presentation of the alcohol (2 beers) (p < 0.0001) prior to the ATT, as well as with alcohol amount consumed during the ATT (p < 0.003). Alcohols 113-120 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 19-23 30597578-7 2019 Increased PER2 and POMC DNA methylation was also significantly predictive of both increased levels of subjective alcohol craving immediately following imagery (p < 0.0001), and with presentation of the alcohol (2 beers) (p < 0.0001) prior to the ATT, as well as with alcohol amount consumed during the ATT (p < 0.003). Alcohols 202-209 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 19-23 30597578-7 2019 Increased PER2 and POMC DNA methylation was also significantly predictive of both increased levels of subjective alcohol craving immediately following imagery (p < 0.0001), and with presentation of the alcohol (2 beers) (p < 0.0001) prior to the ATT, as well as with alcohol amount consumed during the ATT (p < 0.003). Alcohols 202-209 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 19-23 30597578-8 2019 CONCLUSIONS: These data establish significant association between binge or heavy levels of alcohol drinking and elevated levels of methylation and reduced levels of expression of POMC and PER2 genes. Alcohols 91-98 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 179-183 30597578-9 2019 Furthermore, elevated methylation of POMC and PER2 genes is associated with greater subjective and behavioral motivation for alcohol. Alcohols 125-132 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 37-41 29669731-5 2018 Addiction to specific drugs such as alcohol, psychostimulants, and opioids shares some common direct or downstream effects on the brain"s stress-responsive systems, including arginine vasopressin and its V1b receptors, dynorphin and the kappa-opioid receptors, pro-opiomelanocortin/beta-endorphin and the mu-opioid receptors, and the endocannabinoids. Alcohols 36-43 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 261-281 29763783-0 2018 Sex differences in the ACTH and cortisol response to pharmacological probes are stressor-specific and occur regardless of alcohol dependence history. Alcohols 122-129 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 23-27 30322771-0 2018 OPRM1 A118G and serum beta-endorphin interact with sex and digit ratio (2D:4D) to influence risk and course of alcohol dependence. Alcohols 111-118 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-36 30322771-1 2018 Activation of mesolimbic mu-opioid receptors by their endogenous ligand, beta-endorphin, can mediate the rewarding effects of alcohol. Alcohols 126-133 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 73-87 29669731-5 2018 Addiction to specific drugs such as alcohol, psychostimulants, and opioids shares some common direct or downstream effects on the brain"s stress-responsive systems, including arginine vasopressin and its V1b receptors, dynorphin and the kappa-opioid receptors, pro-opiomelanocortin/beta-endorphin and the mu-opioid receptors, and the endocannabinoids. Alcohols 36-43 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 282-296 25581210-5 2016 The proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene controls neuroendocrine-immune functions and is imprinted by fetal alcohol exposure. Alcohols 103-110 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 4-23 27916140-7 2016 After a mental stressor, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were 100% and 176% more reduced at 60 min (P = 0.012 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 92% and 60% more reduced at 90 min (P < 0.001 and P = 0.056, respectively) after beer consumption as compared to alcohol-free beer consumption. Alcohols 290-297 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 38-65 27916140-7 2016 After a mental stressor, cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were 100% and 176% more reduced at 60 min (P = 0.012 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 92% and 60% more reduced at 90 min (P < 0.001 and P = 0.056, respectively) after beer consumption as compared to alcohol-free beer consumption. Alcohols 290-297 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 67-71 27916140-10 2016 In conclusion, consumption of a moderate dose of alcohol after a mental stressor may facilitate recovery of the endocrine stress response as reflected by decreasing plasma ACTH and cortisol. Alcohols 49-56 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 172-176 25581210-5 2016 The proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) gene controls neuroendocrine-immune functions and is imprinted by fetal alcohol exposure. Alcohols 103-110 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 25-29 25581210-7 2016 Additionally, the alcohol epigenetic marks on the Pomc gene are maintained in the male but not in the female germline during this transgenerational transmission. Alcohols 18-25 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 50-54 25069392-11 2014 Identifying specific epigenetic factors in hypothalamic POMC neurons that are modulated by fetal alcohol and target Pomc gene could be potentially useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat stress-related diseases in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohols 260-267 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 56-60 24929109-6 2014 Addictions to specific drugs such as alcohol, psychostimulants and opiates (e.g., heroin) have some common direct or downstream effects on several brain stress-responsive systems, including vasopressin and its receptor system (Section II), POMC and mu opioid receptor system (Section III) and dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor systems (Section IV). Alcohols 37-44 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 240-244 25069392-0 2014 Fetal alcohol programming of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin system by epigenetic mechanisms and later life vulnerability to stress. Alcohols 6-13 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 42-61 25069392-1 2014 Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, one of the major regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune functions, and energy homeostasis, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of fetal alcohol exposure (FAE). Alcohols 216-223 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-32 25069392-1 2014 Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, one of the major regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, immune functions, and energy homeostasis, are vulnerable to the adverse effects of fetal alcohol exposure (FAE). Alcohols 216-223 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 34-38 25069392-10 2014 Thus, prenatal environmental influences, such as alcohol exposure, could epigenetically modulate POMC neuronal circuits and function to shape adult behavioral patterns. Alcohols 49-56 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 97-101 25069392-11 2014 Identifying specific epigenetic factors in hypothalamic POMC neurons that are modulated by fetal alcohol and target Pomc gene could be potentially useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat stress-related diseases in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohols 260-267 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 116-120 25069392-11 2014 Identifying specific epigenetic factors in hypothalamic POMC neurons that are modulated by fetal alcohol and target Pomc gene could be potentially useful for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat stress-related diseases in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohols 97-104 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 56-60 20191296-4 2010 We analysed the DNA methylation of the 5" promoter of the POMC gene that is embedded in a CpG island using bisulfite sequencing in 145 alcohol-dependent patients and 37 healthy controls taken from the Franconian Alcoholism Research Studies. Alcohols 135-142 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 58-62 24936803-8 2014 DISCUSSION: The study revealed blunted cortisol and attenuated ACTH responses to naltrexone in early alcohol withdrawal. Alcohols 101-108 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 63-67 24271034-0 2014 CAGn repeat of the androgen receptor is linked to proopiomelanocortin promoter methylation-relevance for craving of male alcohol-dependent patients? Alcohols 121-128 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 50-69 24271034-1 2014 RATIONALE: Previous findings of the Franconian Alcoholism Research Studies showed that both the CAGn of the androgen receptor (AR) and the promoter methylation of the hypothalamic peptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were associated with craving of male alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohols 252-259 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 188-207 24271034-1 2014 RATIONALE: Previous findings of the Franconian Alcoholism Research Studies showed that both the CAGn of the androgen receptor (AR) and the promoter methylation of the hypothalamic peptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were associated with craving of male alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohols 252-259 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 209-213 24271034-9 2014 CONCLUSIONS: This work shows that the AR and the POMC gene might functionally interact with each other and subsequently mediate craving in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohols 139-146 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 49-53 21187108-2 2011 It is well documented that in humans a genetic deficit of beta-endorphin is often associated with alcohol addiction as alcohol consumption elevates the level of this peptide. Alcohols 98-105 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 58-72 21187108-4 2011 We observed a noticeable increase in the levels of beta-endorphin in rats with free access to alcohol whether in a prolonged levetiracetam-treated or vehicle-treated group. Alcohols 94-101 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 51-65 24035285-2 2013 In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms within the genes for mu (OPRM1) and kappa (OPRK1) opioid receptors and precursors of their ligands - proopiomelanocortin (POMC), coding for beta-endorphin and prodynorphin (PDYN) coding for dynorphins, were analyzed in a case-control study that included 354 male alcohol-dependent and 357 male control subjects from Croatian population. Alcohols 310-317 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 148-167 24035285-2 2013 In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms within the genes for mu (OPRM1) and kappa (OPRK1) opioid receptors and precursors of their ligands - proopiomelanocortin (POMC), coding for beta-endorphin and prodynorphin (PDYN) coding for dynorphins, were analyzed in a case-control study that included 354 male alcohol-dependent and 357 male control subjects from Croatian population. Alcohols 310-317 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 169-173 22724395-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Evidence obtained in humans and rodents indicates that beta-endorphin (encoded by the proopiomelanocortin [POMC] gene) is critical in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior. Alcohols 164-171 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 67-81 22724395-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Evidence obtained in humans and rodents indicates that beta-endorphin (encoded by the proopiomelanocortin [POMC] gene) is critical in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior. Alcohols 164-171 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 98-117 22724395-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Evidence obtained in humans and rodents indicates that beta-endorphin (encoded by the proopiomelanocortin [POMC] gene) is critical in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior. Alcohols 164-171 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 119-123 22966761-2 2012 The resultant POMC with a small amount of P doping is demonstrated as a metal-free electrode with excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), coupled with much enhanced stability and alcohol tolerance compared to those of platinum via four-electron pathway in alkaline medium. Alcohols 212-219 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 14-18 22622000-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Neurons containing proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, known to control stress axis, metabolic, and immune functions, have a lower function in patients with a family history of alcoholism, raising the possibility that alcohol effects on the POMC system may transmit through generations. Alcohols 198-205 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 31-50 22622000-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Neurons containing proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, known to control stress axis, metabolic, and immune functions, have a lower function in patients with a family history of alcoholism, raising the possibility that alcohol effects on the POMC system may transmit through generations. Alcohols 198-205 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 52-56 22622000-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Neurons containing proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, known to control stress axis, metabolic, and immune functions, have a lower function in patients with a family history of alcoholism, raising the possibility that alcohol effects on the POMC system may transmit through generations. Alcohols 198-205 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 262-266 18034691-2 2007 The brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system which has important mediating roles in alcohol intake also has important functions in prolactin regulation and energy homeostasis. Alcohols 84-91 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 10-30 19302084-8 2009 CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that the ethanol-induced increase of beta-endorphin release at the level of midbrain/VTA may influence alcohol reinforcement. Alcohols 145-152 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 79-93 17884019-6 2008 RESULTS: Prenatal alcohol exposed carriers of the s allele exhibited increased neonatal irritability and increased ACTH and CORT compared with FA-exposed monkeys homozygous for the l allele and monkeys that were not FA-exposed regardless of genotype. Alcohols 18-25 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 115-119 18584566-4 2008 RESULTS: Alcohol"s physiological and subjective effects are associated with enhanced beta-endorphin release. Alcohols 9-16 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 85-99 19217079-0 2009 Pro-opiomelanocortin gene variation related to alcohol or drug dependence: evidence and replications across family- and population-based studies. Alcohols 47-54 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-20 18034691-2 2007 The brain pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) system which has important mediating roles in alcohol intake also has important functions in prolactin regulation and energy homeostasis. Alcohols 84-91 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 32-36 18034691-5 2007 Consequently, the POMC system may have a role in integrating regulation of alcohol effects and these seemingly disparate regulatory systems. Alcohols 75-82 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 18-22 17349749-8 2007 The alcohol drink prevented the stress-induced increases in plasma ACTH and cortisol of all groups of participants. Alcohols 4-11 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 67-71 17386066-14 2007 CONCLUSIONS: In concurrence with previous reports showing alterations of the HPA axis in the central nervous system in alcohol-dependent subjects, these data show a defect of the neuroendocrine mechanism(s) underlying the ACTH/cortisol response to physical exercise for at least a month after alcohol withdrawal, with reconstitution of a normal hormonal response at 8 weeks. Alcohols 119-126 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 222-226 17386066-14 2007 CONCLUSIONS: In concurrence with previous reports showing alterations of the HPA axis in the central nervous system in alcohol-dependent subjects, these data show a defect of the neuroendocrine mechanism(s) underlying the ACTH/cortisol response to physical exercise for at least a month after alcohol withdrawal, with reconstitution of a normal hormonal response at 8 weeks. Alcohols 293-300 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 222-226 16934320-10 2006 It is likely that effectiveness of naltrexone in reducing craving for alcohol results from the attenuation of the rewarding properties of ethanol and restoring the beta-endorphin deficit in reward system. Alcohols 70-77 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 164-178 16574767-7 2006 Investigation of the underlying mechanism for the alcohol action showed that alcohol significantly increased endogenous beta-endorphin production and induced mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression in PBL and CEMX174 cells. Alcohols 50-57 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 120-134 16782270-0 2006 Effects of treatment with acamprosate on beta-endorphin plasma concentration in humans with high alcohol preference. Alcohols 97-104 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 41-55 16782270-1 2006 Treatment with acamprosate, a compound used for relapse prevention treatment of alcoholism, was recently shown to be associated with increased plasma concentration of beta-endorphin in rats selectively bred for high alcohol preference. Alcohols 80-87 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 167-181 16782270-9 2006 Since beta-endorphin deficiency was earlier associated with alcohol craving and anxiety during withdrawal, abstinence maintaining effects of acamprosate might at least be partially related with the ability to modulate opioidergic activity especially in the subsample of HP patients with an attenuated opioidergic activity during this state. Alcohols 60-67 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 6-20 16574767-7 2006 Investigation of the underlying mechanism for the alcohol action showed that alcohol significantly increased endogenous beta-endorphin production and induced mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression in PBL and CEMX174 cells. Alcohols 77-84 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 120-134 16574767-8 2006 The role of beta-endorphin in alcohol-mediated enhancement of HIV infection was indicated by the observations that naltrexone and CTAP antagonized ether alcohol- or exogenous beta-endorphin-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. Alcohols 30-37 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 12-26 16574767-8 2006 The role of beta-endorphin in alcohol-mediated enhancement of HIV infection was indicated by the observations that naltrexone and CTAP antagonized ether alcohol- or exogenous beta-endorphin-mediated enhancement of HIV infection. Alcohols 30-37 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 175-189 16088999-6 2005 Klaus Junghanns presented his work demonstrating that a blunted ACTH or cortisol response to subjective stressors (social stressor or alcohol exposure) is predictive of a return to early drinking. Alcohols 134-141 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 64-68 16340453-12 2005 Thus, alcohol dependence decreased the basal plasma beta-endorphin levels in LR only, as well as the stress induced increase in plasma beta-endorphin levels of participants without, but not of those with, a family history of alcoholism. Alcohols 6-13 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 135-149 16340453-13 2005 Alcohol prior to stress attenuated the stress-induced increase in plasma beta-endorphin levels of all four groups of participants. Alcohols 0-7 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 73-87 16340453-15 2005 Thus, in HR individuals a dysfunction in the activity of the pituitary beta-endorphin system predates the development of alcoholism, while in LR individuals it develops following alcohol dependence. Alcohols 121-128 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 71-85 16340453-0 2005 Differences in the peripheral levels of beta-endorphin in response to alcohol and stress as a function of alcohol dependence and family history of alcoholism. Alcohols 70-77 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 40-54 16340453-0 2005 Differences in the peripheral levels of beta-endorphin in response to alcohol and stress as a function of alcohol dependence and family history of alcoholism. Alcohols 106-113 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 40-54 16340453-3 2005 METHODS: The response of the pituitary beta-endorphin to a placebo or an alcohol (0.50 g ethanol/kg) drink and to a stress task performed 30 min following ingestion of either the placebo or the alcohol drink was measured in social and heavy drinkers with [high risk (HR)] and without [low risk (LR)] a family history of alcoholism. Alcohols 73-80 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 39-53 16340453-12 2005 Thus, alcohol dependence decreased the basal plasma beta-endorphin levels in LR only, as well as the stress induced increase in plasma beta-endorphin levels of participants without, but not of those with, a family history of alcoholism. Alcohols 6-13 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 52-66 15318117-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Patients with alcohol problems often develop postoperative confusion and have impaired cortisol, ACTH, and norepinephrine. Alcohols 26-33 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 109-113 15752586-3 2005 Consumption of alcohol results in an increase in beta-endorphin level in those regions of the human brain, which are associated with a reward system. Alcohols 15-22 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 49-63 15752586-4 2005 However, it has also been observed that habitual alcohol consumption leads to a beta-endorphin deficiency. Alcohols 49-56 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 80-94 15752586-6 2005 The plasma level of beta-endorphin in subjects genetically at high risk of excessive alcohol consumption shows lower basal activity of this peptide. Alcohols 85-92 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 20-34 15369760-4 2004 Specifically, alcohol acts as a crucial regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby modulating the release of hormones, particularly adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT). Alcohols 14-21 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 157-184 15369760-4 2004 Specifically, alcohol acts as a crucial regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, thereby modulating the release of hormones, particularly adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT). Alcohols 14-21 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 186-190 15318117-5 2004 Plasma cortisol and ACTH responses to surgery in patients with alcohol problems were not significantly increased compared with preoperative values. Alcohols 63-70 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 20-24 15159175-6 2004 Persons who differ in family history of alcoholism have been shown to also differ in basal beta-endorphin activity, beta-endorphin response to alcohol, and subjective and HPA axis hormonal response to opioid antagonists. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 91-105 15203290-9 2004 Compared to placebo, alcohol administration significantly attenuated maximum ACTH concentration in PHA but not FHN subjects, and decreased AVP measured in the same samples in PHA but not FHN subjects. Alcohols 21-28 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 77-81 15203290-11 2004 Secretion of both ACTH and AVP suggest that alcohol attenuates the stress response selectively in PHA but not FHN subjects. Alcohols 44-51 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 18-22 15159175-6 2004 Persons who differ in family history of alcoholism have been shown to also differ in basal beta-endorphin activity, beta-endorphin response to alcohol, and subjective and HPA axis hormonal response to opioid antagonists. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 116-130 12198391-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental factors, such as stress, are important for the initiation and maintenance of heavy drinking, whereas beta-endorphin may be important in controlling alcohol consumption. Alcohols 186-193 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 139-153 12824821-0 2003 Interaction between alcohol and nitric oxide on ACTH release in the rat. Alcohols 20-27 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 48-52 14634483-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse may involve an altered neuroendocrine response that mediates lymphocyte-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC) production and inflammation. Alcohols 12-19 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 106-125 14634483-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Alcohol abuse may involve an altered neuroendocrine response that mediates lymphocyte-derived proopiomelanocortin (POMC) production and inflammation. Alcohols 12-19 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 127-131 12824821-1 2003 BACKGROUND: This work was designed to determine whether alcohol increased nitric oxide (NO) levels within the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis, whether endogenous NO participated in the known ability of alcohol to release ACTH and, conversely, whether prior alcohol treatment altered the ACTH response to NO. Alcohols 203-210 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 222-226 12824821-1 2003 BACKGROUND: This work was designed to determine whether alcohol increased nitric oxide (NO) levels within the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) axis, whether endogenous NO participated in the known ability of alcohol to release ACTH and, conversely, whether prior alcohol treatment altered the ACTH response to NO. Alcohols 203-210 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 222-226 12824821-4 2003 The role of endogenous NO then was studied by blocking the activity of NO synthase, the enzyme responsible for formation of this gas, and determining whether this treatment altered the ACTH response to alcohol. Alcohols 202-209 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 185-189 12824821-5 2003 Finally, we investigated the influence of alcohol on the ACTH response to NO. Alcohols 42-49 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 57-61 12824821-8 2003 The ACTH response to acute intragastric alcohol injection was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by the arginine derivative N omega-nitro-L-arginine-methylester, which nonspecifically blocks NOS activity, as well as by the specific neuronal NOS antagonist 7-nitroindazole. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 4-8 12824821-9 2003 A 5 but not 1 or 3 day exposure to intermittent alcohol vapors interfered with the ACTH response to the intracerebroventricular injection of the NO donor 3-morpholino-sydnonimine. Alcohols 48-55 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 83-87 12824821-10 2003 CONCLUSION: Acute alcohol injection increases NO levels in blood and the HP axis, and these responses seem to facilitate the ACTH response to alcohol. Alcohols 18-25 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 125-129 12824821-10 2003 CONCLUSION: Acute alcohol injection increases NO levels in blood and the HP axis, and these responses seem to facilitate the ACTH response to alcohol. Alcohols 142-149 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 125-129 12658106-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and of the endogenous opioid system, such as beta-endorphin (beta-END), influence alcohol consumption, whereas chronic alcohol abuse alters the activity of both systems. Alcohols 191-198 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 154-168 12658106-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicates that components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and of the endogenous opioid system, such as beta-endorphin (beta-END), influence alcohol consumption, whereas chronic alcohol abuse alters the activity of both systems. Alcohols 191-198 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 170-178 12658106-3 2003 The objective of the present studies was to investigate the hypothesis that chronic alcohol consumption alters the activity of the HPA axis and pituitary beta-END as a function of severity of alcohol abuse, gender, and age. Alcohols 84-91 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 154-162 12198391-12 2002 Alcohol before stress attenuated the stress-induced increase in plasma beta-endorphin in both LR and HR subjects. Alcohols 0-7 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 71-85 12188097-0 2002 Alcohol urge and plasma beta-endorphin change after alcohol challenge with naltrexone pretreatment in social drinkers. Alcohols 52-59 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 24-38 12188097-12 2002 Basal plasma beta-endorphin levels were not different, but in the case of NTX pretreatment, the increasing degree of plasma beta-endorphin during 20 min after alcohol challenge was significantly (P=.039) higher than with placebo pretreatment. Alcohols 159-166 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 124-138 10832917-3 2000 Individuals with high familial loading for developing alcoholism have lower levels of beta-endorphin and demonstrate a more pronounced increase in beta-endorphin levels in response to alcohol administration compared with individuals who do not have alcoholic relatives. Alcohols 54-61 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 86-100 11557167-7 2001 High-dose alcohol ingestion increased heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, skin temperature, ACTH, cortisol and liking of drink effects; responses following the moderate alcohol dose were less consistent. Alcohols 10-17 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 94-98 11704624-7 2001 The finding that beta-EP deficiency continued despite withdrawal symptoms subsiding in patients suggests that their beta-EP deficiency is independent of the withdrawal syndrome and that reduced beta-EP activity may be a trait contributing to alcohol craving. Alcohols 242-249 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 17-24 11411461-10 2001 The elevated cortisol response, which occurred primarily along the descending limb of the response curve, was paralleled by a nonsignificant statistical trend for alcohol-dependent men to also exhibit a greater ACTH response to fenfluramine at the 210-min (p < 0.07) and 240-min (P < 0.09) time points as compared with non-alcohol-dependent men. Alcohols 163-170 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 211-215 11411461-14 2001 We also observed a nonsignificant statistical trend for plasma ACTH levels to be elevated among alcohol-dependent men along the descending limb of the response curve. Alcohols 96-103 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 63-67 10832917-3 2000 Individuals with high familial loading for developing alcoholism have lower levels of beta-endorphin and demonstrate a more pronounced increase in beta-endorphin levels in response to alcohol administration compared with individuals who do not have alcoholic relatives. Alcohols 54-61 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 147-161 10688896-10 2000 Because the inhibition caused by the higher concentration of EtOH could not be reduced by bicuculline (10(-4) M) but was blocked by naltroxone (10(-6) M), the action of alcohol can be accounted for by stimulation of beta-endorphin neurons that inhibit LHRH release by inhibition of activation of NOS and stimulation of GABA release. Alcohols 169-176 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 216-230 10776662-4 2000 METHODS: The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-endorphin (beta-E), cortisol (CORT), and prolactin (PRL) responses to alcohol were examined in male and female identical (monozygotic or MZ) and fraternal (dizygotic or DZ) twin pairs. Alcohols 124-131 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 65-71 10776662-11 2000 RESULTS: Resting plasma levels of all four hormones were within the expected range, and the beta-E, ACTH, and PRL responses to the alcohol challenge evidenced good test-retest reliability. Alcohols 131-138 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 92-98 10776662-11 2000 RESULTS: Resting plasma levels of all four hormones were within the expected range, and the beta-E, ACTH, and PRL responses to the alcohol challenge evidenced good test-retest reliability. Alcohols 131-138 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 100-104 10776662-12 2000 Of the four hormones examined, the only one that showed significant heritability after alcohol drinking was beta-E. Alcohols 87-94 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 108-114 10776662-14 2000 CONCLUSIONS: Taken together with other recent findings, the results suggest that the beta-E response to alcohol may represent a new biomarker that can be used to identify individuals who are at elevated genetic risk for developing alcoholism. Alcohols 104-111 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 85-91 9920063-0 1999 Adrenocorticotropin responses to naloxone in sons of alcohol-dependent men. Alcohols 53-60 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-19 8837929-3 1996 In human studies, plasma levels of subjects genetically at high risk for excessive alcohol consumption showed lower basal activity of beta-endorphin, and more pronounced release of beta-endorphin in response to ethanol. Alcohols 83-90 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 134-148 9449021-2 1997 The goal of this investigation was to determine whether differences in basal plasma beta-endorphin concentrations could be confirmed in prepubertal children naive to alcohol and drugs, yet at parental risk for alcoholism, or drug dependence. Alcohols 166-173 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 84-98 9161608-7 1997 The desensitization of beta-EP neurons 12 hr after treatment with alcohol did not seem to be related to the loss of viable cells, because chronic ethanol exposures did not produce any effect on cell viability. Alcohols 66-73 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 23-30 8986201-9 1996 Nonalcoholic males with high levels of ethanol-induced heart-rate increase also produced significantly more plasma beta-endorphin after consuming alcohol. Alcohols 3-10 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 115-129 8837929-3 1996 In human studies, plasma levels of subjects genetically at high risk for excessive alcohol consumption showed lower basal activity of beta-endorphin, and more pronounced release of beta-endorphin in response to ethanol. Alcohols 83-90 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 181-195 1335722-6 1992 These data indicate that acute alcohol consumption induces significant alterations in plasma beta-endorphin, but not met-enkephalin levels, which are reversed after 5 weeks of abstinence. Alcohols 31-38 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 93-107 7695050-0 1994 Effects of chronic alcohol on immunoreactive beta-endorphin secretion from hypothalamic neurons in primary cultures: evidence for alcohol tolerance, withdrawal, and sensitization responses. Alcohols 19-26 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 45-59 2016494-2 1991 Biochemical mechanisms that may contribute to alcohol craving include the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, the endogenous opiate beta-endorphin system, neurotransmitter synthesis and release, hypoglycemia, and nutrient deficiencies. Alcohols 46-53 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 156-170 1650797-3 1991 Mamillary body beta-endorphin concentrations were significantly increased in those with the syndrome compared with controls, and those controls with high alcohol intake showed increased mamillary body beta-endorphin compared with controls with low alcohol intake. Alcohols 154-161 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 201-215 34884397-3 2021 beta-Endorphin, in particular, is also involved in abstinence from alcohol. Alcohols 67-74 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-14 2222843-1 1990 In order to test the possible relationship between the chronic consumption of alcohol and the opioid system, we have measured the plasma levels of beta-endorphin in a group of 31 alcoholic patients and compared the results with those of a control group of 16 subjects. Alcohols 78-85 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 147-161 2222843-2 1990 Our results show that chronic consumption of alcohol induces a significant decrease in beta-endorphin (beta-end) plasma levels regardless of either the disease suffered by the alcoholic patient or of the time of abstinence studied (one month maximum). Alcohols 45-52 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 87-101 2222843-2 1990 Our results show that chronic consumption of alcohol induces a significant decrease in beta-endorphin (beta-end) plasma levels regardless of either the disease suffered by the alcoholic patient or of the time of abstinence studied (one month maximum). Alcohols 45-52 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 87-95 2140769-0 1990 Cortisol and beta-endorphin response in alcoholics and alcohol abusers following a high naloxone dosage. Alcohols 40-47 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-27 2526916-0 1989 Physostigmine induced beta-endorphin release as a mechanism for physostigmine management of early alcohol withdrawal. Alcohols 98-105 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-36 35592377-7 2022 Results: Results indicated that the POMC rs2071345 polymorphism significantly moderated anxiety symptoms associated with alcohol dependence. Alcohols 121-128 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 36-40 35592377-10 2022 Conclusions: This study suggested that the SNP in POMC rs2071345 was associated with alcohol dependence in anxiety symptoms of male problem drinkers and further provided evidence in support of the diathesis-stress hypothesis of alcohol dependence in terms of anxiety symptoms. Alcohols 85-92 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 50-54 35592377-10 2022 Conclusions: This study suggested that the SNP in POMC rs2071345 was associated with alcohol dependence in anxiety symptoms of male problem drinkers and further provided evidence in support of the diathesis-stress hypothesis of alcohol dependence in terms of anxiety symptoms. Alcohols 228-235 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 50-54 2526916-1 1989 It is suggested that the mechanism involved in physostigmine management of early alcohol withdrawal may lie in physostigmine induced beta-endorphin release. Alcohols 81-88 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 133-147