PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 15481746-7 2004 In analyses based on tertiles of alcohol consumption in the last 30 days, differences in GGT mean values between the two races tended to amplify with increasing amounts of consumption. Alcohols 33-40 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 89-92 17045579-4 2007 It is postulated here that the diagnosis of alcohol use disorders could be markedly improved by a more systematic use of specific questionnaires and laboratory tests, including blood ethanol, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV). Alcohols 44-51 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 198-223 17098749-4 2007 RESULTS: Changes in GGT occurring with changes in alcohol consumption were similar regardless of ethnicity. Alcohols 50-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 20-23 17098749-5 2007 Although alcohol-associated changes were similar in these ethnic groups, African Americans had the highest average GGT at any given level of alcohol use. Alcohols 141-148 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 115-118 16714057-4 2006 In multivariate analysis across 12 variables, waist circumference, sex, complement C3, moderate alcohol intake and uric acid were significant independent covariates of serum GGT. Alcohols 96-103 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 174-177 16910310-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: An increase in the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration has been regarded as a marker of alcohol drinking or liver disease. Alcohols 116-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 37-62 16910310-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: An increase in the serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration has been regarded as a marker of alcohol drinking or liver disease. Alcohols 116-123 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 64-67 16203871-2 2005 GGT is a marker of alcohol consumption, but it is also related to the infiltration of fat in the liver (fatty liver). Alcohols 19-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 16099340-9 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Applying a new statistical analysis to this retrospective cohort study of 5 years, we revealed the health influences of alcohol consumption, smoking and eating habits on increased serum GGT. Alcohols 133-140 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 199-202 17636103-8 2007 Significant positive associations of GGT and ALT with diabetes were seen within each stratified category of risk factors, namely fasting insulin, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and alcohol consumption. Alcohols 212-219 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 37-40 16483579-7 2006 Further adjustment for hypertension, TC/HDL ratio, diabetes, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, education years and BMI attenuated the association; comparing the highest versus lowest quartile of GGT the HR for a first-ever coronary event was then 2.34 (95% CI, 1.23-4.44). Alcohols 89-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 205-208 16231758-1 2005 Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies have revealed that alcohol consumption is closely related to an increase in blood pressure, which is known to be associated with an elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, rather than to the volume of alcohol consumed. Alcohols 64-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 192-217 16231758-1 2005 Many cross-sectional epidemiological studies have revealed that alcohol consumption is closely related to an increase in blood pressure, which is known to be associated with an elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, rather than to the volume of alcohol consumed. Alcohols 64-71 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 219-222 15694941-4 2005 After adjustment for race, sex, age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and body mass index (BMI), serum concentration of GGT across all deciles was positively associated with serum concentrations of CRP (P for trend<0.01). Alcohols 56-63 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 122-125 14739909-4 2004 Elevations of serum GGT were positively associated with BP and HOMA-IR in both alcohol consumers and nonconsumers. Alcohols 79-86 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 20-23 14739909-5 2004 Multiple regression analyses in the subjects showed that elevated serum GGT was an independent contributor to HOMA-IR elevations, and both serum GGT and HOMA-IR were significantly related to BP elevations after adjusting for alcohol consumption, age, body mass index, cigarette consumption, and physical activity at leisure. Alcohols 225-232 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 145-148 14739909-6 2004 Although cross-sectional observations do not provide evidence of causal association, the results suggest that elevated serum GGT in alcohol consumers relates to elevations of IR and that the elevated insulin resistance relates, at least partly, to BP elevations in alcohol consumers. Alcohols 132-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 125-128 15163566-0 2004 Role of high normal gamma-glutamyltransferase level in identifying heavy alcohol use in young men. Alcohols 73-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 20-45 15051603-6 2004 RESULTS: After adjustment for nondietary factors and other food groups, GGT was positively associated with alcohol consumption and meat intake. Alcohols 107-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 72-75 15051603-12 2004 CONCLUSIONS: Serum GGT activity increased in a dose-response manner as alcohol and meat consumption increased and fruit consumption decreased. Alcohols 71-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 19-22 15163566-7 2004 High normal GGT level in young men is indicative of heavy alcohol use or being overweight; when present, subjects should be screened further for potential concomitant drinking problems. Alcohols 58-65 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 12-15 14738322-3 2004 The AST, ALT and GGT were positively correlated with alcohol intake (p<0.001), as well as age and body mass index (BMI); the relations to alcohol were statistically significant even when controlling for age, BMI and smoking habit. Alcohols 53-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 14738322-3 2004 The AST, ALT and GGT were positively correlated with alcohol intake (p<0.001), as well as age and body mass index (BMI); the relations to alcohol were statistically significant even when controlling for age, BMI and smoking habit. Alcohols 141-148 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 12798968-0 2003 Relation among alcohol dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism, alcohol consumption, and levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Alcohols 15-22 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 88-113 12930239-8 2003 From stratified analyses by body mass index (BMI) and alcohol intake, a stronger linear association between serum GGT and development of IFG or type 2 diabetes was found in men with a BMI >/=23.2 kg m-2 in both those who drank <46 and >/=46 g day-1 of ethanol. Alcohols 54-61 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 114-117 14627068-0 2003 Differential responses of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase to alcohol intake in Japanese males. Alcohols 61-68 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 32-57 14627068-2 2003 A positive correlation between daily alcohol consumption and biochemical markers, such as log GGT (r = 0.432), log AST (r = 0.244) or log LAP (r = 0.246), was seen in all drinkers. Alcohols 37-44 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 94-97 13677978-0 2003 [The activity of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in the serum of alcohol dependent people hospitalised after a long-lasting drinking period]. Alcohols 92-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 50-75 13677978-1 2003 AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the activity of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (HEX) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum of alcohol dependent people hospitalised after a long-lasting drinking period. Alcohols 144-151 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 96-121 13677978-1 2003 AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the activity of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase (HEX) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum of alcohol dependent people hospitalised after a long-lasting drinking period. Alcohols 144-151 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 123-126 13677978-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The activity of HEX and GGT in the serum significantly increases during long-lasting drinking period in alcohol dependent people. Alcohols 117-124 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 37-40 12798968-3 2003 The aim of this study was to assess the relation among ADH2 polymorphism, alcohol consumption, and levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Alcohols 74-81 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 109-134 12798968-6 2003 The relations between the polymorphism and alcohol consumption and between alcohol consumption and GGT levels according to the polymorphism were assessed with the use of descriptive statistics and contingency table analysis. Alcohols 75-82 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 99-102 12798968-8 2003 Median levels of GGT increased with increasing levels of alcohol consumption. Alcohols 57-64 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 11926857-9 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Levels of CDT and GGT may be indicators of factors behind the curvilinear association between alcohol consumption and CHD risk. Alcohols 107-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 31-34 12608486-8 2003 The association of alcohol consumption to laboratory markers is weak in the general population: strongest for GGT, followed by CDT and MCV For CDT and MCV it is weaker in women than in men. Alcohols 19-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 110-113 12760341-1 2003 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is widely used as a marker of alcohol intake, although it is documented that other factors are also associated with serum levels of GGT. Alcohols 62-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 12760341-1 2003 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is widely used as a marker of alcohol intake, although it is documented that other factors are also associated with serum levels of GGT. Alcohols 62-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 12760341-8 2003 The use of GGT as a marker of alcohol consumption in middle-aged persons should take into account sex, BMI and drinking of boiled coffee. Alcohols 30-37 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 11-14 12198396-0 2002 Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohols 101-108 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-64 12198396-1 2002 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the biological marker of heavy alcohol use, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), in contrast to the older and more widely used gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) for the detection and monitoring of heavy alcohol use. Alcohols 86-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 214-217 12198396-2 2002 METHODS: In this report, CDT and GGT sensitivity and specificity for heavy alcohol intake are examined in a large multisite study in which 444 recently admitted inpatient alcoholics were compared with 204 matched social drinker controls. Alcohols 75-82 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 33-36 12198396-9 2002 CONCLUSIONS: These results support the utility of CDT, especially when used in conjunction with GGT, as an aid in detecting and monitoring heavy alcohol consumption. Alcohols 145-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 96-99 12170116-5 2002 RESULTS: The alcohol-dependent drinkers presented higher levels of AST, GGT, AC, CDT, and BAL than the nondrinkers and drinkers, whose levels were similar. Alcohols 13-20 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 72-75 12062783-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is widely used as a marker of alcohol intake, although it is documented that other factors are also associated with serum levels of GGT. Alcohols 62-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 12062783-1 2002 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is widely used as a marker of alcohol intake, although it is documented that other factors are also associated with serum levels of GGT. Alcohols 62-69 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 12062783-8 2002 The use of GGT as a marker of alcohol consumption in middle-aged persons should take into account sex, BMI and drinking of boiled coffee. Alcohols 30-37 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 11-14 9660326-11 1998 The interpretation of GGT should take age and BMI into account when suspecting subclinical alcohol problems in young men. Alcohols 91-98 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 22-25 11129058-2 2000 From the Cox proportional hazards model without serum GGT at entry, significant correlates with the incidence of increased (> or = 60 U/L) serum GGT levels were the slope of body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, cigarette smoking and coffee drinking (negative). Alcohols 200-207 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 148-151 10997828-4 2000 From the linear regression analysis, coffee intake was inversely related to serum GGT levels independently of age, body mass index, alcohol intake, and cigarette smoking. Alcohols 132-139 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 82-85 10829432-3 2000 From the logistic regression analysis, lifestyle factors showing a positive association with high serum GGT (> or = 60 U/l) were body mass index, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and snacking between meals. Alcohols 149-156 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 104-107 10829432-6 2000 Influences of snacking between meals on serum GGT are likely to be indirectly mediated through coping mechanisms of less alcohol drinking and more coffee drinking. Alcohols 121-128 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 46-49 10829432-7 2000 Our findings support the conclusions that alcohol drinking, obesity, and cigarette smoking are positively associated with raised serum GGT and that coffee consumption is inversely related to raised serum GGT. Alcohols 42-49 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 135-138 10528819-6 1999 Mean alcohol consumption in the 30 days prior to the blood test had a significant effect on CDT and GGT, but not on MCV. Alcohols 5-12 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 100-103 10487727-0 1999 Characteristics of alcohol dependent subjects with very elevated levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT). Alcohols 19-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-100 10487727-0 1999 Characteristics of alcohol dependent subjects with very elevated levels of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT). Alcohols 19-26 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 102-105 10487727-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: This article examines characteristics of a subgroup of alcohol dependent men with very elevated serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Alcohols 66-73 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 113-138 10487727-1 1999 OBJECTIVE: This article examines characteristics of a subgroup of alcohol dependent men with very elevated serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Alcohols 66-73 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 140-143 10487727-2 1999 METHOD: GGT was measured in 196 men soon after admission to an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment program. Alcohols 73-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 8-11 10487727-10 1999 CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with very high GGT seem to demonstrate a more intense vulnerability to alcohol, a characteristic which appears to be stable over time. Alcohols 93-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 37-40 10976859-6 1999 The inverse coffee-GGT relation was most prominent among men drinking > or = 30 ml of ethanol and smoking > or = 15 cigarettes daily; and positive associations of alcohol and smoking with GGT were attenuated by coffee drinking, more clearly among men with BMI > or = 25.00 kg/m2. Alcohols 169-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 19-22 10976859-6 1999 The inverse coffee-GGT relation was most prominent among men drinking > or = 30 ml of ethanol and smoking > or = 15 cigarettes daily; and positive associations of alcohol and smoking with GGT were attenuated by coffee drinking, more clearly among men with BMI > or = 25.00 kg/m2. Alcohols 169-176 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 194-197 10976859-8 1999 CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that coffee consumption may weaken GGT-induction by alcohol, and possibly by smoking. Alcohols 92-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-78 11880216-8 2002 CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that elevated GGT could be a predictor for hypertension in drinkers and the relationship between alcohol consumption and hypertension was shown only among those with GGT >or= 30 U/L at baseline. Alcohols 128-135 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 197-200 11880216-9 2002 These findings suggest that increased serum GGT levels may reflect individual susceptibility to the blood pressure raising effect of alcohol. Alcohols 133-140 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 44-47 9560971-4 1998 Both GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) and CDT levels were significantly higher in high alcohol consumers than in low consumers. Alcohols 86-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 5-8 9698132-0 1998 Coffee consumption and decreased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and aminotransferase activities among male alcohol drinkers. Alcohols 108-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 39-64 9698132-5 1998 RESULTS: Increased coffee consumption was strongly and independently associated with decreased GGT activity among males (P trend < 0.0001); the inverse association between coffee and serum GGT was more evident among heavier alcohol consumers (P < 0.0001), and was absent among non-alcohol drinkers. Alcohols 227-234 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 192-195 9698132-5 1998 RESULTS: Increased coffee consumption was strongly and independently associated with decreased GGT activity among males (P trend < 0.0001); the inverse association between coffee and serum GGT was more evident among heavier alcohol consumers (P < 0.0001), and was absent among non-alcohol drinkers. Alcohols 287-294 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 192-195 9698132-9 1998 CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that coffee may inhibit the induction of GGT in the liver by alcohol consumption, and may possibly protect against liver cell damage due to alcohol. Alcohols 94-101 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 9589232-10 1998 This association was independent of serum glucose and BMI and of other predictors of NIDDM with which GGT is associated, including alcohol intake and physical activity level (adjusted upper to lower fifth relative risk: 4.8 [2.0-11.8], trend P < 0.0001]). Alcohols 131-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 102-105 9560971-4 1998 Both GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) and CDT levels were significantly higher in high alcohol consumers than in low consumers. Alcohols 86-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 10-35 1362076-4 1992 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urate are sensitive enough to detect people who take in alcohol regularly and yet may be regarded as normal and not alcohol dependent. Alcohols 127-134 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 8817181-5 1996 In sex-specific multiple regression analysis, GGT showed a positive association with body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, total serum cholesterol (T-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and age, and a negative one with coffee consumption and physical activity in males, while in females the enzyme was positively associated with BMI, alcohol use, age, T-C, ApoB, TG and cigarette smoking. Alcohols 108-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 46-49 8817181-5 1996 In sex-specific multiple regression analysis, GGT showed a positive association with body mass index (BMI), alcohol use, total serum cholesterol (T-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and age, and a negative one with coffee consumption and physical activity in males, while in females the enzyme was positively associated with BMI, alcohol use, age, T-C, ApoB, TG and cigarette smoking. Alcohols 369-376 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 46-49 8817181-6 1996 The negative association between coffee drinking and serum GGT observed in males suggests that coffee may inhibit the inducing effects of other factors, particularly alcohol use, on GGT in the liver. Alcohols 166-173 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 59-62 8817181-6 1996 The negative association between coffee drinking and serum GGT observed in males suggests that coffee may inhibit the inducing effects of other factors, particularly alcohol use, on GGT in the liver. Alcohols 166-173 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 182-185 8817181-8 1996 This study confirms the importance of GGT as a strong marker for alcohol use; but a number of variables, ranging from life-style to biological characteristics, are also important determinants of its plasma values in the "normal" population. Alcohols 65-72 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 38-41 7909403-4 1994 Lower levels of serum GGT associated with coffee drinking were more evident among heavier alcohol drinkers and also among heavier smokers. Alcohols 90-97 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 22-25 7909403-5 1994 The findings suggest that coffee may inhibit the inducing effects of alcohol and possibly of smoking upon GGT in the liver. Alcohols 69-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 106-109 8097894-5 1993 We conclude that, even if alcohol drinking has some impact on GGT, MCV, HDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol (males), these tests are neither specific nor sensitive enough to be used as screening tests for heavy drinking in young students. Alcohols 26-33 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 9144754-5 1997 The factors most strongly related to serum GGT were self-reported alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes, and hypertension, but relations of GGT levels were also found with nationality, occupation, and smoking. Alcohols 66-73 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 43-46 7572939-4 1995 However, GGT was significantly (positively) associated with alcohol intake, body mass index, smoking, preexisting ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive medication, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, heart rate, and blood glucose, and negatively associated with physical activity and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)). Alcohols 60-67 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 7572939-9 1995 In summary, many factors other than alcohol intake are associated with increased levels of GGT, in particular body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and serum total cholesterol. Alcohols 36-43 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 91-94 1362076-4 1992 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urate are sensitive enough to detect people who take in alcohol regularly and yet may be regarded as normal and not alcohol dependent. Alcohols 127-134 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 1349817-11 1992 GGT, AST and ALT activities were increased in all alcohol-abusing women, regardless whether the infant had FAE or not. Alcohols 50-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 1349817-12 1992 GGT was the best of these markers, GGT activities above the 95th normal centile were found in 33% of the samples from all alcohol-abusing women. Alcohols 122-129 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 35-38 2567544-4 1989 The relationship between blood pressure and GGT is the same in males and females although the females show a higher GGT for the same amount of alcohol consumed; in both, males and females, the steepest increase is just in the low GGT range between 9 and 25 U/l. Alcohols 143-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 44-47 34874804-9 2022 Average alcohol-related effects on GGT in smokers and non-smokers were given by 3.8 (2.7, 4.9)% and 2.1 (0.9, 3.2)% per g ethanol/day, and by 0.9 (0.4, 1.4)% and 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7)% for AST. Alcohols 8-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 35-38 2567544-4 1989 The relationship between blood pressure and GGT is the same in males and females although the females show a higher GGT for the same amount of alcohol consumed; in both, males and females, the steepest increase is just in the low GGT range between 9 and 25 U/l. Alcohols 143-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 116-119 2567544-4 1989 The relationship between blood pressure and GGT is the same in males and females although the females show a higher GGT for the same amount of alcohol consumed; in both, males and females, the steepest increase is just in the low GGT range between 9 and 25 U/l. Alcohols 143-150 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 116-119 6127196-8 1982 Alcohol-related admissions were seven times as many in men with GGT values in the highest quintile compared with those who had values in the lowest quintile. Alcohols 0-7 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 64-67 2869572-4 1986 The low level of GGT matched well with the low mortality of cirrhosis and the modest use of alcohol in Norway. Alcohols 92-99 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-20 2862882-4 1985 Furthermore, GGT seems to be a new and strong indicator of alcohol-related disabilities and short term mortality in the male population. Alcohols 59-66 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 13-16 6135365-3 1983 The subjects in the intervention group were further investigated and 75% of them were judged to have elevated GGT values caused by alcohol consumption. Alcohols 131-138 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 110-113 6137054-2 1983 The alcohol non-user groups and the individuals with low GGT had significantly lower mean values of relative body weight, pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, haematocrit, serum urate, triglyceride, cholesterol, and zero and 120 min blood glucose than individuals with elevated GGT and alcohol overconsumption. Alcohols 4-11 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 287-290 6137054-2 1983 The alcohol non-user groups and the individuals with low GGT had significantly lower mean values of relative body weight, pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, haematocrit, serum urate, triglyceride, cholesterol, and zero and 120 min blood glucose than individuals with elevated GGT and alcohol overconsumption. Alcohols 295-302 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 57-60 6119025-1 1981 In an on-going population study in Malmo, serum-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is utilized both in biochemical screening of high alcohol consumption and as a tool in further investigation, treatment and control of middle-aged men with screening GGT in the top decile of the distribution. Alcohols 130-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 42-73 6119025-1 1981 In an on-going population study in Malmo, serum-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is utilized both in biochemical screening of high alcohol consumption and as a tool in further investigation, treatment and control of middle-aged men with screening GGT in the top decile of the distribution. Alcohols 130-137 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 75-78 26356841-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Observational studies and small intervention studies suggest alcohol raises gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Alcohols 73-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 88-113 31241820-10 2020 Higher GGT at week 12 was associated with high BMI, age >70 years, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, alcohol consumption, opioid substitution and non-SVR. Alcohols 97-104 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 7-10 30848805-11 2019 In factorial MR analyses, considering the high BMI/high alcohol group as the reference, mean circulating ALT and GGT levels were lowest in the low BMI/low alcohol group (ALT: -2.32%; 95% CI, -4.29% to -0.35%, and GGT: -3.56%; 95% CI, -5.88% to -1.24%). Alcohols 155-162 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 113-116 25500903-13 2016 Despite non-specificity to excessive alcohol consumption, GGT may be a useful general marker for hypertension development and mortality, also due to its significant association with self-reported alcohol intake. Alcohols 196-203 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 58-61 6107142-6 1980 Measurement of GGT provided an objective index of alcohol consumption, though the full clinical importance of a raised value needs further assessment. Alcohols 50-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 6106999-1 1980 Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum which are associated with an enhancement of GGT activities in the liver. Alcohols 8-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 61-86 6106999-1 1980 Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum which are associated with an enhancement of GGT activities in the liver. Alcohols 8-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 88-91 6106999-1 1980 Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the serum which are associated with an enhancement of GGT activities in the liver. Alcohols 8-15 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 150-153 29207447-9 2017 Especially in women who were frequent drinkers, AST, ALT, and GGT showed a significant increase, with a significant synergistic effect of Hg and alcohol consumption. Alcohols 145-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 62-65 27512925-1 2016 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohols 261-268 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 27512925-1 2016 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohols 261-268 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 26372100-13 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis provides evidence that a high level of GGT is significantly associated with increased risk of stroke independently of alcohol intake. Alcohols 149-156 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 70-73 26356841-7 2015 Using IV analysis alcohol use increased GGT by 10.60 U/L per alcohol unit (10 gram ethanol) per day (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.58 to 14.62). Alcohols 18-25 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 40-43 26356841-7 2015 Using IV analysis alcohol use increased GGT by 10.60 U/L per alcohol unit (10 gram ethanol) per day (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.58 to 14.62). Alcohols 61-68 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 40-43 26356841-8 2015 The estimate was lower in observational multivariate regression: 3.48 U/L GGT per alcohol unit per day (95% CI 2.84 to 4.11) adjusted for age, education, physical activity and smoking. Alcohols 82-89 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 26356841-10 2015 CONCLUSION: In Mendelian randomization, we found confirmative evidence that alcohol use increases GGT among Southern Chinese men. Alcohols 76-83 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 98-101 26356841-12 2015 Taken together our findings strongly suggest that alcohol increases GGT, although we cannot rule out the possibility that other unknown factors may cause a different relation between alcohol and GGT in other populations. Alcohols 50-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 68-71 26356841-12 2015 Taken together our findings strongly suggest that alcohol increases GGT, although we cannot rule out the possibility that other unknown factors may cause a different relation between alcohol and GGT in other populations. Alcohols 50-57 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 195-198 26356841-12 2015 Taken together our findings strongly suggest that alcohol increases GGT, although we cannot rule out the possibility that other unknown factors may cause a different relation between alcohol and GGT in other populations. Alcohols 183-190 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 195-198 26356841-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Observational studies and small intervention studies suggest alcohol raises gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Alcohols 73-80 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 115-118 26356841-2 2015 We used Mendelian randomization to assess the causal effect of alcohol use on GGT in older Chinese people. Alcohols 63-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 26543300-1 2015 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-established serum marker for alcohol-related liver disease. Alcohols 71-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 25545230-8 2015 After correction for age, sex, smoking and alcohol consumption, serum GGT was positively associated with uric acid (r=0.42, P<0.001), SBP (r=0.22, P<0.001), and DBP (r=0.19, P<0.001). Alcohols 43-50 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 70-73 26543300-1 2015 Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a well-established serum marker for alcohol-related liver disease. Alcohols 71-78 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 24493465-2 2014 Recent studies suggest that serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, a conventional marker of excessive alcohol consumption, predicts the CKD incidence. Alcohols 108-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 34-59 23945039-7 2014 In multivariable-adjusted models, adjustment for sex, age, BMI, cigarette smoking and alcohol intake yielded the strongest, significant associations between GGT and all markers of IR/IS and glycemia excluding glucose insulin ratio. Alcohols 86-93 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 157-160 24493465-2 2014 Recent studies suggest that serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, a conventional marker of excessive alcohol consumption, predicts the CKD incidence. Alcohols 108-115 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 61-64 24493465-7 2014 In both gender an association between alcohol consumption and proteinuria was in a J-shaped fashion with the lowest PRR of mild drinkers with <=19 g/day of ethanol consumption, whereas an association between serum GGT level and proteinuria was linear. Alcohols 38-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 217-220 24493465-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The subjects with higher serum GGT level had a higher probability of proteinuria, regardless of alcohol consumption, suggesting that GGT has a clinically greater impact on CKD than alcohol consumption. Alcohols 109-116 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 44-47 24493465-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The subjects with higher serum GGT level had a higher probability of proteinuria, regardless of alcohol consumption, suggesting that GGT has a clinically greater impact on CKD than alcohol consumption. Alcohols 194-201 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 44-47 25360830-7 2014 Multiple logistic regression analysis (adjusting for age, gender, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking habits, and components of metabolic syndrome) with GGT or ALT as the dependent variable revealed that there was a significant association between periodontal pockets and GGT (odds ratio, OR=1.48), but not ALT. Alcohols 89-96 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 276-279 25368491-3 2014 GGT levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), current smoking status and alcohol intake (SBP, beta=1.28, P<0.001; DBP, beta=1.41, P<0.001). Alcohols 241-248 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 25368491-4 2014 GGT levels were also associated with 4-yr change in BP after adjusting for age, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, current smoking status, alcohol intake and SBP (SBP, beta=1.08, P=0.001; DBP, beta=0.64, P=0.003). Alcohols 145-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 24693503-6 2013 RESULTS: Higher means of serum GGT in smokers than in nonsmokers at baseline, and a higher incidence of elevated serum GGT in smokers than in nonsmokers during the 6-year period were recognized only for alcohol consumers. Alcohols 203-210 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 119-122 24693503-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of serum GGT in smokers, to a large extent, depends on the associated alcohol consumption. Alcohols 93-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 32-35 23552170-12 2013 GGT and UA were positively associated with prediabetes in men and women, independent of age, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, physical labor, and other confounders. Alcohols 113-120 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 23492307-0 2013 Dose- and gender-dependent interactions between coffee consumption and serum GGT activity in alcohol consumers. Alcohols 93-100 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 77-80 23492307-2 2013 To explore the relationship and dose response, we assessed the impacts of coffee and alcohol intake on serum GGT activity in apparently healthy men and women with varying levels of coffee and alcohol consumption. Alcohols 85-92 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 109-112 22749559-0 2013 High-sensitivity gamma-glutamyltransferase fraction pattern in alcohol addicts and abstainers. Alcohols 63-70 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-42 21512179-8 2011 CONCLUSIONS: In men with above GGT median, alcohol drinking even with light-to-moderate consumption could be a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Alcohols 43-50 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 31-34 22266633-5 2012 Subgroup analyses showed a stronger association between GGT and prehypertension in Koreans; men, current alcohol drinkers and subjects with pre-diabetes. Alcohols 105-112 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 56-59 22753786-0 2012 Effect of age and gender on the relationship between alcohol consumption and serum GGT: time to recalibrate goals for normal ranges. Alcohols 53-60 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 83-86 22753786-8 2012 CONCLUSION: The data pertaining to the present population sample indicate that rather low levels of reported regular ethanol consumption lead to elevated levels of GGT and that age over 40 markedly enhances the impact of alcohol consumption on GGT activity. Alcohols 221-228 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 244-247 22698421-11 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that GGT levels are positively associated with risk of MetS independently of alcohol intake. Alcohols 107-114 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 35-38 21626151-1 2012 The aim of this cross-sectional study was to present nationally representative findings on the co-occurrence of obesity and specific patterns of alcohol use associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among adults in the United States. Alcohols 145-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 258-283 21626151-1 2012 The aim of this cross-sectional study was to present nationally representative findings on the co-occurrence of obesity and specific patterns of alcohol use associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) among adults in the United States. Alcohols 145-152 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 285-288 19922966-7 2010 A longitudinal increase in GGT as a time-dependent variable as well as a non-time-dependent variable was significantly related to MetS after adjusting for age plus the elapsed time from visit 1 to visit 2, baseline MetS traits, uric acid, regular exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Alcohols 257-264 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 20729011-7 2011 The risk of alcohol problems using AUDIT score was positively associated with the levels of biomarkers (GGT, MCV, and TG) in men, while the relationship was significant only for MCV in women. Alcohols 12-19 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 104-107 20539015-4 2010 In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for standard risk factors and alcohol consumption as time-varying covariates (updated every 4 years), each SD increase in log-GGT was associated with a 1.39-fold risk of heart failure (95% CI, 1.20 to 1.62). Alcohols 100-107 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 196-199 19929269-0 2010 Gamma-glutamyltransferase in alcohol use disorders: Modification of decision limits in relation to treatment goals? Alcohols 29-36 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-25 19929269-1 2010 Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is recommended as a marker for alcohol use disorders by the Swedish National Guidelines for Addiction, although it has a low sensitivity and specificity. Alcohols 69-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 6-31 19929269-1 2010 Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is recommended as a marker for alcohol use disorders by the Swedish National Guidelines for Addiction, although it has a low sensitivity and specificity. Alcohols 69-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 33-36 19929269-2 2010 GGT is inexpensive and easily accessible but additional knowledge is required on how to use the marker in patients with various levels of alcohol intake. Alcohols 138-145 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 19929269-5 2010 Mean serum activity of GGT, in former alcohol-dependent males, was 0.26 microkat/L with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.85. Alcohols 38-45 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 23-26 20150721-1 2010 AIM: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to correlate well with alcohol consumption; however, the relation between GGT and diabetes and that between alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus (DM) is inconsistent. Alcohols 69-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 5-30 20150721-1 2010 AIM: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to correlate well with alcohol consumption; however, the relation between GGT and diabetes and that between alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus (DM) is inconsistent. Alcohols 69-76 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 32-35 20150721-1 2010 AIM: Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known to correlate well with alcohol consumption; however, the relation between GGT and diabetes and that between alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus (DM) is inconsistent. Alcohols 154-161 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 32-35 19943812-3 2010 This review examines evidence for an association of high normal serum GGT enzyme activity, mostly within the reference range, with the risk of mortality and major vascular (i.e., cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) and non-vascular outcomes (i.e., incident type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cancer), independent of alcohol consumption and other prognostic factors. Alcohols 329-336 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 70-73 18557801-9 2008 In contrast, GGT was significantly associated with alcohol in both genders (P < 0.0005). Alcohols 51-58 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 13-16 18316395-9 2008 At every level of GGT, moderate or heavy alcohol drinkers (>or=42.7 g ethanol/day) had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes than nondrinkers. Alcohols 41-48 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 18-21