PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text		comp_official_name	comp_offsetprotein_name	organism	prot_offset
33713839-6	2021	Via both PPAR-dependent and PPAR-independent manner cooperatively, OAG shuts down the catabolism of glucose and promotes fatty acids oxidation to generate acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.	Fatty Acids	121-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-13	
33578161-0	2021	Exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins inhibited PPARalpha-mediated fatty acid oxidation and stimulated aerobic glycolysis in vitro in human cells.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-65	
33578161-4	2021	But in HepG2 cells, exposure to C10-13-CPs (56.5% Cl) at the human internal exposure level (100 mug/L) down-regulated expressions of most of the tested hPPARalpha target genes, which encode for enzymes that oxidize fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	215-226	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-162	
33578161-7	2021	Overall, the results revealed that SCCPs could inhibit hPPARalpha-mediated fatty acid oxidation, and stimulated aerobic glycolysis in HepG2 cells.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	55-65	
34010603-3	2021	PPARalpha activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARgamma results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARbeta/delta activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis.	Fatty Acids	179-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	143-151	
33713839-6	2021	Via both PPAR-dependent and PPAR-independent manner cooperatively, OAG shuts down the catabolism of glucose and promotes fatty acids oxidation to generate acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.	Fatty Acids	121-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-32	
33946267-2	2021	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	73-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-46	
33946267-2	2021	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), activated by some fatty acids or their derivatives, and the carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), activated by glucose-derived metabolites, play a key role in metabolic homeostasis, especially in glucose and lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	73-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-52	
33926085-5	2021	For example, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and conversely releases fatty acids as ligands for PPARalpha, therefore, demonstrating the interdependency of nuclear receptors and lipases.	Fatty Acids	149-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	176-185	
33137899-10	2020	The expression of PPARalpha is high in tissues with effective fatty acid catabolism, including skeletal muscle.	Fatty Acids	62-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-27	
33981729-6	2021	Treated cardiomyocytes exhibited decreased mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and transcription factors PPARalpha and ERRalpha, which regulate mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, whereas genes that encode for glycolysis-related proteins were significantly upregulated.	Fatty Acids	234-244	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	181-190	
33554726-6	2021	More importantly, the adipocyte proteome exhibiting persulfidation was characterized, disclosing that different proteins involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism, the citrate cycle, insulin signalling, several adipokines and PPAR experienced the most dramatic persulfidation (85-98%).	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	228-232	
33580458-9	2021	Conclusions: These results demonstrate that high concentrations of CLA-mix protect against hepatic steatosis and play a role in regulating fatty acid oxidation and bile excretion through the PPARalpha pathway.	Fatty Acids	139-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	191-200	
33719831-8	2021	We hypothesize that maternal fatty acid status may influence the miRNA regulation of PPAR genes in the placenta in women delivering LBW babies.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-89	
33505308-3	2020	Its ability to bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, a nuclear receptor key regulator of fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses, partly mediates these beneficial effects.	Fatty Acids	116-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	23-78	
33238129-2	2020	Here, we find that BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma persister cells tolerant to BRAF/MEK inhibitors switch their metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative respiration supported by peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) that is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	185-195	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	256-304	
33238129-2	2020	Here, we find that BRAF(V600E) mutant melanoma persister cells tolerant to BRAF/MEK inhibitors switch their metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative respiration supported by peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) that is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	185-195	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	306-315	
33754023-16	2021	Conclusion: In summary, Rap1 may link telomere biology to fatty acid metabolism and aging-related cardiac pathologies via modulating the p53/PPARalpha signaling pathway, which could represent a therapeutic target in preventing/attenuating cardiac aging.	Fatty Acids	58-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	141-150	
33159388-3	2021	In addition, miR-22 directly targets peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, Pgc-1alpha, PPARalpha, and Sirt1, which are important factors involved in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	156-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-103	
32791172-1	2021	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are fatty acid-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that regulate energy metabolism.	Fatty Acids	56-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-43	
33037071-0	2020	CDKN2A/p16INK4a suppresses hepatic fatty acid oxidation through the AMPKalpha2-SIRT1-PPARalpha signaling pathway.	Fatty Acids	35-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-94	
32122992-4	2020	These effects enabled PPAR activation and facilitated fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and induced M2 polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME).	Fatty Acids	87-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-26	
33086073-5	2020	Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha responds to the fatty acids delivered by TDEs, resulting in excess lipid droplet biogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), culminating in a metabolic shift toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which drives DC immune dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-72	
33086073-5	2020	Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha responds to the fatty acids delivered by TDEs, resulting in excess lipid droplet biogenesis and enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO), culminating in a metabolic shift toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which drives DC immune dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	89-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-72	
32534989-3	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis as well as the inflammation control in the liver.	Fatty Acids	196-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
32534989-3	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis as well as the inflammation control in the liver.	Fatty Acids	196-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
32628541-7	2020	In silico analysis and subsequent experimental validation confirmed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha gene (PPARA) a key gene in fatty acid oxidation, as a direct miR-21 target.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-127	
32628541-7	2020	In silico analysis and subsequent experimental validation confirmed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha gene (PPARA) a key gene in fatty acid oxidation, as a direct miR-21 target.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	134-139	
32863950-8	2020	These metabolic changes are accompanied by alterations in the expression of the SLC16A1-AS1:E2F1-responsive gene PPARA, a key mediator of fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	138-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	113-118	
32376995-1	2020	Small-molecule agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a ligand-activated transcriptional factor involved in regulating fatty acid metabolism, is an important approach for treating dyslipidemia.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-74	
32376995-1	2020	Small-molecule agonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a ligand-activated transcriptional factor involved in regulating fatty acid metabolism, is an important approach for treating dyslipidemia.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-85	
33205029-0	2020	PPARalpha Ligand-Binding Domain Structures with Endogenous Fatty Acids and Fibrates.	Fatty Acids	59-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
33205029-3	2020	Here we show thirty-four X-ray crystallographic structures of the PPARalpha ligand-binding domain, which are composed of a "Center" and four "Arm" regions, in complexes with five endogenous fatty acids, six fibrates in clinical use, and six synthetic PPARalpha agonists.	Fatty Acids	190-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-75	
33205029-3	2020	Here we show thirty-four X-ray crystallographic structures of the PPARalpha ligand-binding domain, which are composed of a "Center" and four "Arm" regions, in complexes with five endogenous fatty acids, six fibrates in clinical use, and six synthetic PPARalpha agonists.	Fatty Acids	190-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	251-260	
32710562-6	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is essential for normal metabolic homeostasis, and in particular for the regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO).	Fatty Acids	148-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
32507013-0	2020	A novel microRNA boosts hyper-beta-oxidation of fatty acids in liver by impeding CEP350-mediated sequestration of PPARalpha and thus restricts chronic hepatitis C. Imbalance in lipid metabolism induces steatosis in liver during Chronic hepatitis C (CHC).	Fatty Acids	48-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-123	
32516358-10	2020	Briefly, that AOP identifies PPARalpha antagonist binding as the molecular initiating event (MIE) leading to a series of key events (KEs) including inhibition of nuclear transactivation for genes controlling lipid metabolism and ketogenesis, inhibition of fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis dynamics, negative energy budget, and ultimately the adverse outcome (AO) of body-weight loss.	Fatty Acids	256-266	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-38	
32299444-10	2020	Expression of fatty acid oxidation related gene PPAR-alpha was increased and expression of lipid synthesis related gene SREBP-1 was decreased in the miR-30b-5p overexpressed Huh-7 cells.	Fatty Acids	14-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-58	
32160325-9	2020	Modification of CYPs, PPAR-alpha, and SLCO1B1 by palm oil might increase the risk of fatty acid accumulation with associated oxidative stress.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-32	
32381429-9	2020	Functional analysis indicated PPAR-fatty acids metabolism pathways, neural-hormone regulations, circadian entrainment were the three mostly appeared pathways.	Fatty Acids	35-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-34	
32381429-10	2020	For PPAR-fatty acids metabolism pathways, the expression of seven randomly selected genes, including ACSBG1, ACOT2), CYP27A1, ELOVL3, FABP7, FADS2 and PPARG were all significantly decreased in psoriasis lesions.	Fatty Acids	9-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8	
32381429-14	2020	CONCLUSION: Our results revealed transcriptome changes of psoriasis, and indicated three important pathways involved in psoriasis, including PPAR-fatty acids metabolism pathways, neural-hormone regulations, circadian entrainment.	Fatty Acids	146-157	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	141-145	
32170673-3	2020	PPAR-alpha and other receptors from this family, such as PPAR-beta/delta and PPAR-gamma are expressed in the brain and other organs and play a significant role in oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, mitochondrial fatty acids metabolism and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	215-226	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
32170673-3	2020	PPAR-alpha and other receptors from this family, such as PPAR-beta/delta and PPAR-gamma are expressed in the brain and other organs and play a significant role in oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, mitochondrial fatty acids metabolism and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	215-226	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-72	
32170673-10	2020	PPAR-alpha downregulation may decrease anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory processes and could be responsible for the alteration of fatty acid transport, lipid metabolism and disturbances of mitochondria function in the brain of AD patients.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
32190036-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that are involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism and have also been associated with DR. Three PPAR isoforms are known: PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49	
32027126-6	2020	It significantly regulated the target genes of PPARalpha involved in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation, exhibiting cellular anti-inflammatory activity.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-56	
32190036-2	2020	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that are involved in carbohydrate and fatty-acid metabolism and have also been associated with DR. Three PPAR isoforms are known: PPARG, PPARA, and PPARD.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	211-216	
31733829-4	2020	We hypothesize that mitochondrial interaction of proximal tubule cyclophilin D and the transcription factor PPARalpha modulate fatty acid beta-oxidation in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.	Fatty Acids	127-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-117	
31871304-6	2020	Profiling expression of PPAR target genes showed upregulation of several genes involved in lipid uptake, transport, and storage as well as fatty acid synthesis by GW9662.	Fatty Acids	139-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
31916705-3	2020	During times of limited caloric intake and high energy needs, the liver acts as the central metabolic hub in which PPARalpha is crucial to coordinate the breakdown of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	167-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	115-124	
31916705-5	2020	We demonstrate that sepsis leads to a starvation response that is hindered by the rapid decline of hepatic PPARalpha levels, causing excess free fatty acids, leading to lipotoxicity, and glycerol.	Fatty Acids	145-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-116	
31733829-7	2020	Mitochondrial translocation of PPARalpha, its binding to cyclophilin D, and sequestration led to inhibition of its nuclear translocation and transcription of PPARalpha-regulated fatty acid oxidation genes during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.	Fatty Acids	178-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40	
31733829-7	2020	Mitochondrial translocation of PPARalpha, its binding to cyclophilin D, and sequestration led to inhibition of its nuclear translocation and transcription of PPARalpha-regulated fatty acid oxidation genes during cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.	Fatty Acids	178-188	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	158-167	
31733829-10	2020	Thus, our results indicate that proximal tubule cyclophilin D elicits impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation via mitochondrial interaction between cyclophilin D and PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	93-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	170-179	
30898012-4	2020	PPARA/PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and activates hepatic autophagy.	Fatty Acids	126-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5	
31730885-8	2020	Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which is involved in fatty acid oxidation, were significantly reduced.	Fatty Acids	127-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-92	
31730885-8	2020	Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which is involved in fatty acid oxidation, were significantly reduced.	Fatty Acids	127-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-103	
30898012-4	2020	PPARA/PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and activates hepatic autophagy.	Fatty Acids	126-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-15	
30898012-4	2020	PPARA/PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and activates hepatic autophagy.	Fatty Acids	126-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-65	
31589122-7	2020	Some of the natural AR inhibitors have been reported to attenuate hepatic steatosis through the regulation of PPARalpha-mediated fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	129-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-119	
31223033-7	2019	SREBP1c activates genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis while PPARalpha activates CPT1, a rate limiting enzyme for controlling entry and oxidation of fatty acids into mitochondria.	Fatty Acids	168-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89	
31668392-4	2019	METHODS: We generated fluorescent and luminescent-based genetically-encoded sensors based upon the ligand-dependent interaction between PPARalpha and SRC-1 to image and detect cellular dynamics of fatty acid trafficking.	Fatty Acids	197-207	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-145	
31627352-4	2019	The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), currently recognized as one of the master regulators of ketogenesis, integrates nutritional signals to the activation of transcriptional networks regulating fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-69	
31627352-4	2019	The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), currently recognized as one of the master regulators of ketogenesis, integrates nutritional signals to the activation of transcriptional networks regulating fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketogenesis.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-80	
31534839-9	2019	Conclusion: We used WGCNA approach to reveal a gene network that regulate HER2-negative breast cancer treatment with taxane-anthracycline neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which enriched in pathways of estrogen signaling, apelin signaling, cAMP signaling, the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	279-289	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	252-256	
31319591-1	2019	BACKGROUND: PPARalpha is a transcriptional factor that controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid transport, uptake by the cells, intracellular binding, and activation, as well as catabolism (particularly mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) or storage.	Fatty Acids	100-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-21	
31319591-1	2019	BACKGROUND: PPARalpha is a transcriptional factor that controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid transport, uptake by the cells, intracellular binding, and activation, as well as catabolism (particularly mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) or storage.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-21	
31319591-1	2019	BACKGROUND: PPARalpha is a transcriptional factor that controls the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, including fatty acid transport, uptake by the cells, intracellular binding, and activation, as well as catabolism (particularly mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) or storage.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-21	
31403341-0	2020	PPAR Receptors Expressed from Vectors Containing CMV Promoter Can Enhance Self-Transcription in the Presence of Fatty Acids from CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks-A Novel Method for Studies of PPAR Ligands.	Fatty Acids	112-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
31403341-0	2020	PPAR Receptors Expressed from Vectors Containing CMV Promoter Can Enhance Self-Transcription in the Presence of Fatty Acids from CLA-Enriched Egg Yolks-A Novel Method for Studies of PPAR Ligands.	Fatty Acids	112-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	182-186	
31403341-4	2020	This model allowed us to confirm our previous results indicating that fatty acids of CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLAs) are efficient PPAR ligands that can specifically upregulate the expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma leading to downregulation of MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation.	Fatty Acids	70-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	133-137	
31403341-4	2020	This model allowed us to confirm our previous results indicating that fatty acids of CLA-enriched egg yolks (EFA-CLAs) are efficient PPAR ligands that can specifically upregulate the expression of PPARalpha and PPARgamma leading to downregulation of MCF-7 cancer cell proliferation.	Fatty Acids	70-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	197-206	
31351920-6	2019	In MDA-MB-231 cells, fatty acid oxidation increased nearly three-fold upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, PPARA) overexpression, and four-fold upon TTA-treatment.	Fatty Acids	21-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	75-123	
31351920-6	2019	In MDA-MB-231 cells, fatty acid oxidation increased nearly three-fold upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, PPARA) overexpression, and four-fold upon TTA-treatment.	Fatty Acids	21-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	125-134	
31351920-6	2019	In MDA-MB-231 cells, fatty acid oxidation increased nearly three-fold upon peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, PPARA) overexpression, and four-fold upon TTA-treatment.	Fatty Acids	21-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-141	
31639005-10	2019	By qPCR analysis, it was revealed that myriocin corrected the expression pattern of fatty acid metabolism associated genes including Fabp1, Pparalpha, Cpt-1alpha and Acox-2.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	140-149	
31211449-12	2019	Molecular mechanism exploration indicated that these genes were involved in the steroid metabolic process, the PPAR signaling pathway, and fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	139-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115	
31467530-5	2019	Further KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the greatest proportion of DEGs are involved in thermogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism including fatty acid degradation, elongation, and biosynthesis.	Fatty Acids	200-210	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-150	
31467530-5	2019	Further KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the greatest proportion of DEGs are involved in thermogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism including fatty acid degradation, elongation, and biosynthesis.	Fatty Acids	200-210	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-156	
31467530-5	2019	Further KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the greatest proportion of DEGs are involved in thermogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism including fatty acid degradation, elongation, and biosynthesis.	Fatty Acids	232-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-150	
31467530-5	2019	Further KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the greatest proportion of DEGs are involved in thermogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, carbon metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism including fatty acid degradation, elongation, and biosynthesis.	Fatty Acids	232-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-156	
31074682-5	2019	Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the bilirubin-PPAR-alpha transcriptome mediates pathways for oxidation-reduction processes, mitochondrial function, response to nutrients, fatty acid oxidation, and lipid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	177-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-62	
30927048-2	2019	PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response.	Fatty Acids	62-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
30745182-3	2019	Fatty acids (FAs) upregulate GSK-3alpha, which phosphorylates PPARalpha at Ser280 in the ligand-binding domain (LBD).	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	62-71	
30745182-3	2019	Fatty acids (FAs) upregulate GSK-3alpha, which phosphorylates PPARalpha at Ser280 in the ligand-binding domain (LBD).	Fatty Acids	13-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	62-71	
30770587-2	2019	PPARs are categorized into three subtypes, PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma, encoded by different genes, expressed in diverse tissues and participate in various biological functions and can be activated by their metabolic derivatives in the body or dietary fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	257-268	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	43-52	
30974901-2	2019	It mediates fatty acid metabolism by inducing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and increasing peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha expression through adiponectin receptor (AdipoR)1 and AdipoR2, respectively, which in turn activate PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), increase the phosphorylation of acyl CoA oxidase, and upregulate the uncoupling proteins involved in energy consumption.	Fatty Acids	12-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	113-169	
31102342-8	2019	These findings point toward interesting associations between sepsis-associated AKI and PPARalpha-driven fatty acid metabolism that merit further investigation.	Fatty Acids	104-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	87-96	
30690257-11	2019	Moreover, activation of PPAR isoforms differentially affected the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis, fatty acid binding, and PG transport in studied cells.	Fatty Acids	115-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
30968022-7	2019	By contrast, pharmacologic and genetic activation of PPARalpha, a major regulator of cardiac fatty acid metabolism, induced fatty acid beta-oxidation and initially promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation rate in infant mice.	Fatty Acids	93-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-62	
30968022-9	2019	As a consequence, activation of PPARalpha-mediated fatty acid beta-oxidation did not alter the total number of cardiomyocytes in infant mice.	Fatty Acids	51-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-41	
30639234-6	2019	Overexpression of activated ATF6alpha transcriptionally downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), the master regulator of lipid metabolism, leading to reduced activity of fatty acid beta-oxidation and cytosolic accumulation of lipid droplets in a human PTC line (HK-2).	Fatty Acids	205-215	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-118	
30639234-6	2019	Overexpression of activated ATF6alpha transcriptionally downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), the master regulator of lipid metabolism, leading to reduced activity of fatty acid beta-oxidation and cytosolic accumulation of lipid droplets in a human PTC line (HK-2).	Fatty Acids	205-215	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	120-129	
30611723-8	2019	In OA-loaded HepaRG cells, FOH increased fatty acid oxidation, which was accompanied by up-regulation of PPARalpha target genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, including hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase and acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 2.	Fatty Acids	154-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	105-114	
29631413-1	2019	AIMS: Metabolic remodeling of cardiac muscles during pathological hypertrophy is characterized by downregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	116-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	154-202	
30611723-11	2019	These findings show that FOH treatment increases fatty acid oxidation and decreases TG accumulation in steatotic HepaRG cells, which is likely attributable to PPARalpha-mediated induction of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	49-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	159-168	
30611723-11	2019	These findings show that FOH treatment increases fatty acid oxidation and decreases TG accumulation in steatotic HepaRG cells, which is likely attributable to PPARalpha-mediated induction of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	205-215	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	159-168	
30318340-2	2019	The process occurs primarily in liver mitochondria and is initiated by fatty-acid-mediated stimulation of the ligand-operated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha).	Fatty Acids	71-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	148-196	
30568000-5	2019	Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that ZNF300 directly binds to and regulates the PPARalpha expression, thus promoting fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	138-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	101-110	
30568000-8	2019	These results suggested that ZNF300 plays an important role in hepatic lipid metabolism via PPARalpha promoting fatty acid oxidation and this effect might be blocked by DNMT3a-mediated methylation of ZNF300.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-101	
30809553-6	2019	The activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) protein and its downstream proteins involved in fatty acid translocase (CD36) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and the fatty acid beta-oxidation rate corresponding to FFA metabolism were also markedly increased by mangiferin in HepG2 and C2C12 cells.	Fatty Acids	129-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79	
30809553-6	2019	The activity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) protein and its downstream proteins involved in fatty acid translocase (CD36) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and the fatty acid beta-oxidation rate corresponding to FFA metabolism were also markedly increased by mangiferin in HepG2 and C2C12 cells.	Fatty Acids	211-221	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79	
30452912-5	2019	Doxorubicin impairs the lipogenesis through PPARgamma and augments lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation through ATGL and PPARalpha in adipose tissue.	Fatty Acids	81-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-128	
30318340-2	2019	The process occurs primarily in liver mitochondria and is initiated by fatty-acid-mediated stimulation of the ligand-operated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha).	Fatty Acids	71-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	198-208	
30400386-5	2018	Recent studies on animal models and patients suggest that PPAR agonists can normalize lipid metabolism by stimulating fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	118-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-62	
29331071-5	2018	PAQR3 deficiency enhanced the fasting-induced expression of PPARalpha target genes, including those involved in fatty acid oxidation and fibroblast growth factor 21, a key molecule that mediates the metabolism-modulating effects of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-69	
30143538-0	2018	PPAR-Induced Fatty Acid Oxidation in T Cells Increases the Number of Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cells and Facilitates Anti-PD-1 Therapy.	Fatty Acids	13-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
29331071-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a key transcriptional factor that regulates hepatic lipid catabolism by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in an adaptive response to nutrient starvation.	Fatty Acids	148-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
29983595-2	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a crucial role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver.	Fatty Acids	103-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
29331071-1	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a key transcriptional factor that regulates hepatic lipid catabolism by stimulating fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in an adaptive response to nutrient starvation.	Fatty Acids	148-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
29764933-2	2018	PPARalpha is mainly expressed in the liver, where it activates fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein metabolism and improves plasma lipid profiles.	Fatty Acids	63-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
29983595-2	2018	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a crucial role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver.	Fatty Acids	103-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
29678953-4	2018	In some highland populations, there has also been a selection of variants in PPARA, encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	77-82	
29678953-4	2018	In some highland populations, there has also been a selection of variants in PPARA, encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	93-141	
29678953-4	2018	In some highland populations, there has also been a selection of variants in PPARA, encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a transcriptional regulator of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	143-152	
29678953-5	2018	In one such population, the Sherpas, lower muscle PPARA expression is associated with a decreased capacity for fatty acid oxidation, potentially improving the efficiency of oxygen utilisation.	Fatty Acids	111-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-55	
28665150-6	2017	N-acylethanolamides (NAEs) are endogenous fatty acid substances that bind to PPAR-alpha and -gamma.	Fatty Acids	42-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	77-87	
29896284-5	2018	Gene set enrichment analysis showed that the high-risk group with lower expression levels of the three genes was enriched in bladder cancer and cell cycle pathway, whereas the low-risk group with higher expression levels of the three genes was enriched in drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid and histidine metabolisms.	Fatty Acids	313-323	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	289-293	
28894292-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bariatric surgery initiates a novel metabolic shift in subcutaneous adipose tissue to oxidize fatty acids independently from the beiging process through regulation of PPAR isoforms.	Fatty Acids	134-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	207-211	
28413978-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are nuclear receptors activated by endogenous fatty acids and prostaglandins that are classified into three types: alpha, gamma and delta, which have different functions and tissue distribution.	Fatty Acids	109-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-55	
28413978-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are nuclear receptors activated by endogenous fatty acids and prostaglandins that are classified into three types: alpha, gamma and delta, which have different functions and tissue distribution.	Fatty Acids	109-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
28483457-3	2017	Under conditions of metabolic stress such as fasting or glucose deprivation, PPARalpha is upregulated in order to control gene expression necessary for processing alternate fuel sources (e.g. fatty acid oxidation) and thereby promote maintenance of cell viability.	Fatty Acids	192-202	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	77-86	
29018241-8	2017	This effect was mediated mainly through inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexs and the expression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) proteins including PPARalpha, MCAD and CPT1C by downregulating c-Myc/PGC-1beta/ERRalpha pathway and decreasing oxidative stress in MCF10A-ras cells.	Fatty Acids	117-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-172	
29022907-5	2017	On the other hand, p38alpha MAPK promoted fatty acid (FA) beta-oxidation via upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and its transcriptional target genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme aoxidase 1 (ACOX1).	Fatty Acids	42-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-138	
29022907-5	2017	On the other hand, p38alpha MAPK promoted fatty acid (FA) beta-oxidation via upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and its transcriptional target genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme aoxidase 1 (ACOX1).	Fatty Acids	42-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	140-149	
28483457-13	2017	We believe that PPARalpha antagonists will be beneficial in diseases such as ovarian cancer and melanoma where PPARalpha and fatty acid oxidation may be involved.	Fatty Acids	125-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	16-25	
28428362-3	2017	By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis.	Fatty Acids	84-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-55	
28545035-0	2017	Novel PPARalpha agonist MHY553 alleviates hepatic steatosis by increasing fatty acid oxidation and decreasing inflammation during aging.	Fatty Acids	74-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-15	
28428362-3	2017	By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis.	Fatty Acids	84-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
28077274-2	2017	PPARalpha is activated by fatty acids and various other lipid species, as well as by a class of chemicals referred to as peroxisome proliferators.	Fatty Acids	26-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Fatty Acids	118-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-14	
27979751-0	2017	PARP1-mediated PPARalpha poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suppresses fatty acid oxidation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.	Fatty Acids	59-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	15-24	
27916646-2	2017	All three PPAR isotypes, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, are activated by a variety of molecules, including fatty acids, eicosanoids and phospholipids, and regulate a spectrum of genes involved in development, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, and proliferation and differentiation of many cell types in different tissues.	Fatty Acids	118-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34	
28323206-2	2017	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) can be activated by endogenous saturated fatty acids to regulate astrocytic lipid metabolism and functions.	Fatty Acids	92-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
28323206-2	2017	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) can be activated by endogenous saturated fatty acids to regulate astrocytic lipid metabolism and functions.	Fatty Acids	92-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
27979751-8	2017	This poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PPARalpha inhibits its recruitment to target gene promoters and its interaction with SIRT1, a key regulator of PPARalpha signaling, resulting in suppression of fatty acid oxidation upregulation induced by fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	191-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40	
27979751-8	2017	This poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PPARalpha inhibits its recruitment to target gene promoters and its interaction with SIRT1, a key regulator of PPARalpha signaling, resulting in suppression of fatty acid oxidation upregulation induced by fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	191-201	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-151	
27979751-8	2017	This poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PPARalpha inhibits its recruitment to target gene promoters and its interaction with SIRT1, a key regulator of PPARalpha signaling, resulting in suppression of fatty acid oxidation upregulation induced by fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	236-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40	
27979751-8	2017	This poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PPARalpha inhibits its recruitment to target gene promoters and its interaction with SIRT1, a key regulator of PPARalpha signaling, resulting in suppression of fatty acid oxidation upregulation induced by fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	236-247	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-151	
27979751-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that PARP1 is activated in fatty liver, which prevents maximal activation of fatty acid oxidation by suppressing PPARalpha signaling.	Fatty Acids	108-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	144-153	
28157411-9	2017	The decrease in LPC(16:0) in HL and CVD is consistent with its role in regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, an approved HL drug target that impacts the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	203-214	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-133	
28287408-2	2017	PPARalpha activation induces fatty acid oxidation, while FXR controls bile acid homeostasis, but both nuclear receptors also regulate numerous other metabolic pathways relevant to liver energy balance.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
27926461-2	2016	Three isoforms of PPARs have been identify, namely, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PPARgamma, which are able to bind long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFAs), n-3 LCPUFAs being bound with greater affinity to achieve activation.	Fatty Acids	144-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-61	
27766867-1	2017	Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) and endocannabinoids (ECs) have been shown to alleviate pain and inflammation, regulate motility and appetite, and produce anticancer, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective efficacies via cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) or type 2 (CB2) or via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) stimulation.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	271-319	
27766867-1	2017	Fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) and endocannabinoids (ECs) have been shown to alleviate pain and inflammation, regulate motility and appetite, and produce anticancer, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective efficacies via cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) or type 2 (CB2) or via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) stimulation.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	321-331	
27738012-5	2016	Activation of the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-fatty acid oxidation pathway promotes expansion of Tie2+ HSCs through enhanced Parkin recruitment in mitochondria.	Fatty Acids	68-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-22	
27738012-5	2016	Activation of the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)-fatty acid oxidation pathway promotes expansion of Tie2+ HSCs through enhanced Parkin recruitment in mitochondria.	Fatty Acids	68-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-66	
27644403-0	2016	Activation of PPARalpha by Fatty Acid Accumulation Enhances Fatty Acid Degradation and Sulfatide Synthesis.	Fatty Acids	27-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
27779188-4	2016	Data analysis suggested bladder cancer (BCa) was significantly associated with fatty acid/lipid metabolism via PPAR signalling pathway.	Fatty Acids	79-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115	
27490779-9	2016	Swertiamarin effectively modulated PPAR-alpha, a major potential regulator of carbohydrate metabolism which, in turn, decreased the levels of the gluconeogenic enzyme PEPCK, further restricting hepatic glucose production and fatty acid synthesis.	Fatty Acids	225-235	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-45	
27644403-4	2016	The accumulation of fatty acids may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a master regulator of fatty acid metabolism and a potent nuclear receptor for free fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	20-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	89-93	
27644403-6	2016	We then found that the expression levels of three enzymes involved in fatty acid degradation, including long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS), were increased in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Fatty Acids	70-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-172	
27644403-0	2016	Activation of PPARalpha by Fatty Acid Accumulation Enhances Fatty Acid Degradation and Sulfatide Synthesis.	Fatty Acids	60-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
27644403-11	2016	These results indicate that PPARalpha activation plays defensive and compensative roles by reducing cellular toxicity associated with fatty acids and sulfuric acid.	Fatty Acids	134-145	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-37	
27644403-4	2016	The accumulation of fatty acids may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a master regulator of fatty acid metabolism and a potent nuclear receptor for free fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	20-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-87	
27644403-4	2016	The accumulation of fatty acids may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a master regulator of fatty acid metabolism and a potent nuclear receptor for free fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	20-31	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	89-93	
27644403-4	2016	The accumulation of fatty acids may activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a master regulator of fatty acid metabolism and a potent nuclear receptor for free fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	20-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-87	
27611371-1	2016	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
27611371-1	2016	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
27351284-4	2016	In this study, we find that cyclin D1 inhibits the activity of a key metabolic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a member of nuclear receptor family that induces fatty acid oxidation and may play an anti-neoplastic role.	Fatty Acids	212-222	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	101-149	
26994748-2	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
26994748-2	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
26994748-2	2016	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha, NR1C1), the target of lipid lowering fibrate drugs, primarily regulates fatty acid catabolism and energy-homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-70	
27351284-4	2016	In this study, we find that cyclin D1 inhibits the activity of a key metabolic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a member of nuclear receptor family that induces fatty acid oxidation and may play an anti-neoplastic role.	Fatty Acids	212-222	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-160	
27270405-5	2016	High concentrations of fatty acids significantly induced excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in L-02 cells, which could only be reversed with 50 muMu WY14643 (the PPARalpha agonist).	Fatty Acids	23-34	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	177-186	
26502898-1	2016	PPARalpha is a ligand activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor subfamily, involved in fatty acid metabolism in tissues with high oxidative rates such as muscle, heart and liver.	Fatty Acids	110-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
26860983-6	2016	Certain fatty acids and lipid-derived moieties are the natural activating PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	8-19	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-78	
26968898-10	2016	A common feature is that all are agonists for one or more of the three PPAR isoforms that are expressed in metabolically active tissue, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue where they play a critical role in regulating energy balance and the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, the main energy sources.	Fatty Acids	273-284	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-75	
26874397-1	2016	Thio-ether fatty acids (THEFAs), including the parent 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid (TTA), are modified fatty acids (FAs) that have profound effects on lipid metabolism given that they are blocked for beta-oxidation, and able to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Fatty Acids	11-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	236-278	
26874397-1	2016	Thio-ether fatty acids (THEFAs), including the parent 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid (TTA), are modified fatty acids (FAs) that have profound effects on lipid metabolism given that they are blocked for beta-oxidation, and able to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Fatty Acids	11-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	280-284	
26874397-1	2016	Thio-ether fatty acids (THEFAs), including the parent 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid (TTA), are modified fatty acids (FAs) that have profound effects on lipid metabolism given that they are blocked for beta-oxidation, and able to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Fatty Acids	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	236-278	
26874397-1	2016	Thio-ether fatty acids (THEFAs), including the parent 2-(tetradecylthio)acetic acid (TTA), are modified fatty acids (FAs) that have profound effects on lipid metabolism given that they are blocked for beta-oxidation, and able to act as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists.	Fatty Acids	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	280-284	
26206209-2	2016	The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-47	
26206209-2	2016	The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-53	
26206209-2	2016	The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	159-163	
27040342-8	2016	In such cases, the attenuation of alternative fatty acid oxidation pathways could have some beneficial effects on mitochondrial injury, since fibrates (PPAR-alpha ligands) are potent enough to stimulate neutral fat consumption through the activation of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	46-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-162	
26814431-0	2016	Fatty acid activated PPARgamma promotes tumorigenicity of prostate cancer cells by up regulating VEGF via PPAR responsive elements of the promoter.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-25	
28042289-4	2016	Next, we discuss the interactions of dietary bioactive molecules, such as fatty acids and phytochemicals, with PPARs for the modulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional activities and metabolic consequences.	Fatty Acids	74-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115	
27040342-8	2016	In such cases, the attenuation of alternative fatty acid oxidation pathways could have some beneficial effects on mitochondrial injury, since fibrates (PPAR-alpha ligands) are potent enough to stimulate neutral fat consumption through the activation of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	265-275	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-162	
26282199-1	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activates the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver.	Fatty Acids	93-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
26282231-8	2015	On the other hand, CD147 downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and its transcriptional target genes CPT1A and ACOX1 by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	209-219	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	39-87	
26282231-8	2015	On the other hand, CD147 downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and its transcriptional target genes CPT1A and ACOX1 by activating the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	209-219	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	89-98	
26409040-2	2015	Activation of PPARalpha by ligands including fatty acids and their derivatives as well as some synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues.	Fatty Acids	45-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
26282199-1	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activates the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver.	Fatty Acids	93-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
25810260-5	2015	The specific PPARalpha inhibitor GW6471, as well as a siRNA specific to PPARalpha, attenuates the enhanced fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation associated with glycolysis inhibition, and PPARalpha antagonism also blocks the enhanced glycolysis that has been observed in RCC cells; this effect did not occur in normal human kidney epithelial cells.	Fatty Acids	107-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
26617775-0	2015	Fenofibrate, a PPARalpha agonist, protect proximal tubular cells from albumin-bound fatty acids induced apoptosis via the activation of NF-kB.	Fatty Acids	84-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	15-24	
26617775-1	2015	Albumin-bound fatty acids is the main cause of renal damage, PPARalpha is responsible in the metabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	107-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	61-70	
26617775-2	2015	Previous study found that PPARalpha played a protective role in fatty acids overload associated tubular injury.	Fatty Acids	64-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-35	
26617775-3	2015	The aim of the present study is to investigate whether fenofibrate, a PPARalpha ligands, could contribute to the renoprotective action in fatty acids overload proximal tubule epithelial cells.	Fatty Acids	138-149	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79	
25874594-1	2015	Fatty acid ethanolamides such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) are lipid-derived mediators that potently inhibit pain and inflammation by ligating type-alpha peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-alpha).	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	230-240	
26241474-1	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor, plays an important role in the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism through heterodimerization with the retinoid x receptor (RXR).	Fatty Acids	148-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
26241474-1	2015	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor, plays an important role in the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism through heterodimerization with the retinoid x receptor (RXR).	Fatty Acids	148-158	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
26241474-5	2015	The vague PPRE sequence definition poses an obstacle to understanding how PPARalpha regulates fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	94-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-83	
26116825-2	2015	We report here for the first time an ubiquitin ligase (muscle ring finger-1/MuRF1) that inhibits fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting PPARalpha, but not PPARbeta/delta or PPARgamma in cardiomyocytes in vitro.	Fatty Acids	97-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	132-141	
26116825-4	2015	MuRF1 directly interacts with PPARalpha, mono-ubiquitinates it, and targets it for nuclear export to inhibit fatty acid oxidation in a proteasome independent manner.	Fatty Acids	109-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-39	
25810260-5	2015	The specific PPARalpha inhibitor GW6471, as well as a siRNA specific to PPARalpha, attenuates the enhanced fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation associated with glycolysis inhibition, and PPARalpha antagonism also blocks the enhanced glycolysis that has been observed in RCC cells; this effect did not occur in normal human kidney epithelial cells.	Fatty Acids	107-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-81	
25810260-5	2015	The specific PPARalpha inhibitor GW6471, as well as a siRNA specific to PPARalpha, attenuates the enhanced fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation associated with glycolysis inhibition, and PPARalpha antagonism also blocks the enhanced glycolysis that has been observed in RCC cells; this effect did not occur in normal human kidney epithelial cells.	Fatty Acids	107-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-81	
25450203-2	2015	Many PPARalpha target genes are involved in fatty acid metabolism in tissues with high oxidative rates such as muscle, heart and liver.	Fatty Acids	44-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	5-14	
25575492-4	2015	Interestingly, we have seen that this master regulator is regulated at the transcriptional level in the hippocampus by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear hormone receptor family transcription factor that is known to control the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver, underlying a possible crosstalk between fat and memory.	Fatty Acids	279-290	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	119-167	
25575492-4	2015	Interestingly, we have seen that this master regulator is regulated at the transcriptional level in the hippocampus by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear hormone receptor family transcription factor that is known to control the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver, underlying a possible crosstalk between fat and memory.	Fatty Acids	279-290	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-178	
25510248-2	2015	PPARalpha activation enhances fatty acid oxidation and decreases the levels of circulating and cellular lipids in obese diabetic patients.	Fatty Acids	30-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
25768320-10	2015	Pathway analysis showed that significant pathways included fatty acid metabolism, butanoate metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway.	Fatty Acids	59-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-112	
25448051-0	2015	Cloning and characterization of SREBP-1 and PPAR-alpha in Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus, and their gene expressions in response to different dietary fatty acid profiles.	Fatty Acids	158-168	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-54	
25614670-2	2015	Our laboratory and others have shown that adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) increases the activity of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha, a PGC-1alpha binding partner, to promote fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	177-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	124-134	
25614670-3	2015	Fatty acids bind and activate PPAR-alpha; therefore, it has been presumed that fatty acids derived from ATGL-catalyzed lipolysis act as PPAR-alpha ligands.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-40	
25614670-3	2015	Fatty acids bind and activate PPAR-alpha; therefore, it has been presumed that fatty acids derived from ATGL-catalyzed lipolysis act as PPAR-alpha ligands.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-146	
25614670-3	2015	Fatty acids bind and activate PPAR-alpha; therefore, it has been presumed that fatty acids derived from ATGL-catalyzed lipolysis act as PPAR-alpha ligands.	Fatty Acids	79-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-40	
25614670-3	2015	Fatty acids bind and activate PPAR-alpha; therefore, it has been presumed that fatty acids derived from ATGL-catalyzed lipolysis act as PPAR-alpha ligands.	Fatty Acids	79-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-146	
26305387-2	2015	Herein, we investigated whether a negative energy balance (NEB) induced by feed restriction (about 18% lower feed and energy intake) during lactation by increasing the release of fatty acids, which act as PPARalpha agonists, causes a disruption of hepatic lipid metabolism and thereby impairs milk TAG production in sows.	Fatty Acids	179-190	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	205-214	
26411415-3	2015	Activation of PPARalpha plays an important role in the metabolism of multiple lipids, including high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, phospholipid, bile acids, and fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	204-215	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
26305387-4	2015	The mRNA concentrations of several sterol regulatory element-binding protein target genes involved in lipid synthesis in the liver and the plasma concentration of TAG were reduced in the feed-restricted sows, whereas the mRNA concentrations of PPARalpha target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle were not different between groups.	Fatty Acids	279-289	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	244-253	
26305387-6	2015	The finding that PPARalpha target genes involved in fatty acid utilisation in liver and muscle of sows are not induced by the NEB during lactation may explain that fatty acid availability in the mammary gland is sufficient to maintain milk TAG production and to allow normal litter gain.	Fatty Acids	52-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-26	
25332241-6	2015	This mitochondrial action sensitizes tested glioblastoma cells to the PPARalpha-dependent metabolic switch from glycolysis to fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	126-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79	
25255786-0	2014	Fatty acid chain length and saturation influences PPARalpha transcriptional activation and repression in HepG2 cells.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
25525399-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The PPARalpha gene encodes the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor alpha, a central regulator of expression of other genes involved in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	154-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	16-25	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	7-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-87	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	7-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-76	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	7-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-178	
25232450-10	2014	Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha.	Fatty Acids	52-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	153-208	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	7-18	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-178	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	154-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-87	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	154-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-178	
25255786-1	2014	SCOPE: Fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity, however, most studies evaluated the binding ability of fatty acids to PPARalpha, which does not necessarily result in PPARalpha transactivation.	Fatty Acids	154-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-178	
25255786-2	2014	We therefore examined dose-response relationships between fatty acids and PPARalpha transactivation in HepG2 cells.	Fatty Acids	58-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-83	
25255786-11	2014	CONCLUSION: We found that fatty acids, reported to bind strongly to PPARalpha, could even repress PPARalpha transactivation illustrating that these binding assays should be interpreted with caution.	Fatty Acids	26-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-77	
25255786-11	2014	CONCLUSION: We found that fatty acids, reported to bind strongly to PPARalpha, could even repress PPARalpha transactivation illustrating that these binding assays should be interpreted with caution.	Fatty Acids	26-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	98-107	
25043817-4	2014	Therefore, JNK causes decreased expression of PPARalpha target genes that increase fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis and promote the development of insulin resistance.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55	
25244504-2	2014	Oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides is under the control of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha.	Fatty Acids	27-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	126-130	
24976416-10	2014	Genetic analysis of PPARA rs135549 might help identify those individuals who are more likely to benefit from reducing the saturated fatty acid content of their diet.	Fatty Acids	122-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	20-25	
24932972-4	2014	PS normalised fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations completely after 20 d and were also able to normalise serum TAG and NEFA concentrations after 40 d. HFD feeding caused microvesicular steatosis and impaired the expression of key genes related to fatty acid oxidation such as PPARA, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-Ialpha (CPT1A) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) in the liver.	Fatty Acids	252-262	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	281-286	
24585388-0	2014	The role of albumin and PPAR-alpha in differentiation-dependent change of fatty acid profile during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells.	Fatty Acids	74-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-34	
24856059-6	2014	The expressions of PPAR-alpha and its target genes and proteins in fatty acid uptake and oxidation were significantly up-regulated as well.	Fatty Acids	67-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-29	
24534255-5	2014	Lipid vesicles stained by Oil-Red O and triglycerides accumulation caused by oleic acid overload, were decreased, by up to 50%, while fatty acid oxidation was induced after 2-week co-treatment with PPAR agonists.	Fatty Acids	134-144	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	198-202	
25120762-7	2014	We found 848 down-regulated DEGs were associated with 16 significant dysfunctional pathways, including PPAR signaling fatty acid metabolism, and 1584 up-regulated DEGs were related to 6 significant dysfunctional pathways, like cell cycle, protein export, and antigen processing and presentation in BC samples.	Fatty Acids	118-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-107	
24987006-1	2014	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARalpha, PPARbeta, and PPARgamma, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites.	Fatty Acids	171-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-58	
24987006-1	2014	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARalpha, PPARbeta, and PPARgamma, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites.	Fatty Acids	171-181	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-58	
25116118-7	2014	The hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, together with its target genes responsible for fatty acid beta-oxidation were upregulated by ruscogenin.	Fatty Acids	128-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-79	
26110145-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) -alpha, -delta/beta and -gamma are the ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the regulation of fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism, energy balance, cell proliferation and differentiation and atherosclerosis, etc.	Fatty Acids	176-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	16-98	
24330163-8	2013	Theca cells are the sole ovarian site of synthesis of DHEA, which is both a precursor of androstenedione and an essential ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), the key promoter of genes affecting fatty acid metabolism and fat transport and genes critical to mitochondrial function.	Fatty Acids	231-241	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	133-181	
24371263-6	2014	Fatty acid beta-oxidation pathways including PPAR-alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, acyl-CoA oxidase, and L-FABP were downregulated.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-55	
23546614-7	2014	Fatty acid supplementation/n3 PUFA supplementation was associated with a downregulated expression of the genes encoding PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha (P < 0.001), and an upregulated expression of the genes encoding PPARalpha (P < 0.007) and SREBP1 (P < 0.021).	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	213-222	
24944896-5	2014	The map puts PPARalpha at the center of a regulatory hub impacting fatty acid uptake, fatty acid activation, intracellular fatty acid binding, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride turnover, lipid droplet biology, gluconeogenesis, and bile synthesis/secretion.	Fatty Acids	67-77	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
24944896-5	2014	The map puts PPARalpha at the center of a regulatory hub impacting fatty acid uptake, fatty acid activation, intracellular fatty acid binding, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride turnover, lipid droplet biology, gluconeogenesis, and bile synthesis/secretion.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
24944896-5	2014	The map puts PPARalpha at the center of a regulatory hub impacting fatty acid uptake, fatty acid activation, intracellular fatty acid binding, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride turnover, lipid droplet biology, gluconeogenesis, and bile synthesis/secretion.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
24944896-5	2014	The map puts PPARalpha at the center of a regulatory hub impacting fatty acid uptake, fatty acid activation, intracellular fatty acid binding, mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, triglyceride turnover, lipid droplet biology, gluconeogenesis, and bile synthesis/secretion.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
24291192-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) modulates the activities of all three interlinked hepatic fatty acid oxidation systems, namely mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation and microsomal omega-oxidation pathways.	Fatty Acids	119-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
24291192-1	2014	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) modulates the activities of all three interlinked hepatic fatty acid oxidation systems, namely mitochondrial and peroxisomal beta-oxidation and microsomal omega-oxidation pathways.	Fatty Acids	119-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
24291192-2	2014	Hyperactivation of PPARalpha, by both exogenous and endogenous activators up-regulates hepatic fatty acid oxidation resulting in excess energy burning in liver contributing to the development of liver cancer in rodents.	Fatty Acids	95-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-28	
24291192-3	2014	Sustained PPARalpha signaling disproportionately increases H2O2-generating fatty acid metabolizing enzymes as compared to H2O2-degrading enzymes in liver leading to enhanced generation of DNA damaging reactive oxygen species, progressive endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-19	
24524207-4	2014	PPARalpha mainly influences fatty acid metabolism and its activation lowers lipid levels, while PPARgamma is mostly involved in the regulation of the adipogenesis, energy balance, and lipid biosynthesis.	Fatty Acids	28-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
24330163-8	2013	Theca cells are the sole ovarian site of synthesis of DHEA, which is both a precursor of androstenedione and an essential ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), the key promoter of genes affecting fatty acid metabolism and fat transport and genes critical to mitochondrial function.	Fatty Acids	231-241	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	183-192	
24161390-0	2013	The mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (mtFASII) pathway is capable of mediating nuclear-mitochondrial cross talk through the PPAR system of transcriptional activation.	Fatty Acids	18-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	126-130	
23821302-3	2013	PPARalpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids, carcinogenesis, and differentiation.	Fatty Acids	99-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
23866789-11	2013	Burn injury increased fatty acid metabolism gene expression (P < 0.05 versus sham), downstream of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.	Fatty Acids	22-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	101-149	
23814018-6	2013	However, the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which regulates fatty acid oxidation, was also increased by DEX, and adipocyte-derived lipids, lipoproteins, and propionic acid protected CLL cells from DEX.	Fatty Acids	108-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89	
23943624-9	2013	Co-treatment with compound C attenuated PPARalpha activator-inducible fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver.	Fatty Acids	70-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-49	
24199160-2	2013	Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, cellular differentiation, and immune response such as inflammation or vascularization related to diabetic complication.	Fatty Acids	151-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-76	
24199160-2	2013	Recent data have shown that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, cellular differentiation, and immune response such as inflammation or vascularization related to diabetic complication.	Fatty Acids	151-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-88	
23747418-2	2013	At the transcriptional level, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) has been reported to strongly increase the ability of hormone nuclear receptors PPARalpha and ERRalpha to drive transcription of fatty acid oxidation enzymes.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	191-200	
22092351-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, regulates fatty acid metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
22092351-1	2013	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, regulates fatty acid metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
23318274-0	2013	The human liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) gene is activated by FOXA1 and PPARalpha; and repressed by C/EBPalpha: Implications in FABP1 down-regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.	Fatty Acids	16-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	82-91	
23485470-4	2013	It also increased the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the expression of CPT-1 mRNA and PPARalpha, suggesting that it promotes the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	168-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-116	
23365010-0	2013	Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their precursor fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes and major peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing target genes in HepG2 cell model.	Fatty Acids	53-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-116	
23497718-8	2013	The PPARalpha mediated up-regulation of genes involved in carnitine synthesis and uptake in the liver of lactating sows may be regarded as an adaptive mechanism to maintain hepatic carnitine levels at a level sufficient to transport excessive amounts of fatty acids into the mitochondrion.	Fatty Acids	254-265	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-13	
23295386-1	2013	The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha is known primarily as a regulator of fatty acid metabolism, energy balance, and inflammation, but evidence suggests a wider role in regulating the biotransformation of drugs and other lipophilic chemicals.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-75	
23394525-4	2013	Accordingly, OEA and PEA synthesis is affected when adding low concentrations of fatty acids (endogenous PPARalpha ligands), most likely through activation of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	81-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	105-114	
23394525-4	2013	Accordingly, OEA and PEA synthesis is affected when adding low concentrations of fatty acids (endogenous PPARalpha ligands), most likely through activation of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	81-92	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	159-168	
23497718-4	2013	FINDINGS: Transcript levels of several PPARalpha target genes involved in fatty acid uptake (FABP4, SLC25A20), fatty acid oxidation (ACOX1, CYP4A24) and ketogenesis (HMGCS2, FGF21) were elevated in the liver of lactating compared to non-lactating sows (P < 0.05).	Fatty Acids	74-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	39-48	
23497718-4	2013	FINDINGS: Transcript levels of several PPARalpha target genes involved in fatty acid uptake (FABP4, SLC25A20), fatty acid oxidation (ACOX1, CYP4A24) and ketogenesis (HMGCS2, FGF21) were elevated in the liver of lactating compared to non-lactating sows (P < 0.05).	Fatty Acids	111-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	39-48	
23365010-7	2013	Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-bearing genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes.	Fatty Acids	24-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-118	
23365010-8	2013	This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE.	Fatty Acids	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-71	
23365010-8	2013	This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE.	Fatty Acids	60-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-96	
22902323-1	2013	Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-86	
21133850-2	2013	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is activated by nutrients (fatty acids and their derivatives) and influences these metabolic pathways acting antagonistically to oncogenic Akt and c-Myc.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
21133850-2	2013	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is activated by nutrients (fatty acids and their derivatives) and influences these metabolic pathways acting antagonistically to oncogenic Akt and c-Myc.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-60	
21133850-4	2013	This idea is based on hitting the cancer cell metabolic weak points through PPAR alpha mediated stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis with simultaneous reduction of glucose and glutamine consumption.	Fatty Acids	125-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86	
24304723-8	2013	Fatty acids can act as a ligand of G protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR41 and GPR43, and nuclear receptor PPARalpha, which bear crucial roles in the regulation of energy expenditure.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-119	
22902323-1	2013	Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-97	
22902323-1	2013	Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-86	
22902323-1	2013	Fatty acids are endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), which is linked to the regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism and breast cancer cell growth.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-97	
22902323-2	2013	This study was designed to screen candidate fatty acids from breast cancer tissue and to investigate the effects of these candidate fatty acids on PPARalpha expression, cell growth and cell cycle progression in breast cancer cell lines.	Fatty Acids	132-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	147-156	
22978398-10	2012	This review therefore presents the current knowledge on the PPARalpha/HNF4alpha interplay in diversified DNA responsive elements and its relevance in the regulation fatty acid catabolism.	Fatty Acids	165-175	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-69	
23497599-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) are involved in cellular uptake and metabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	164-175	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-101	
23497599-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) are involved in cellular uptake and metabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	164-175	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-112	
23497599-2	2012	Polymorphism of FABP2 and PPARalpha may influence plasma levels of fatty acids in those who take supplemental eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).	Fatty Acids	67-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-35	
23497599-3	2012	The purpose of this study was to study the potential associations between the Ala54/Thr polymorphism in FABP2 protein and the Leu162/Val in exon 5 and G/C in intron 7 of PPARalpha with plasma fatty acids composition after EPA supplementation.	Fatty Acids	192-203	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	170-179	
22885103-0	2012	Coenzyme Q10 increases the fatty acid oxidation through AMPK-mediated PPARalpha induction in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.	Fatty Acids	27-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79	
22978398-13	2012	The current data indicate the requirement of PPARalpha and HNF4alpha for regulation in the liver of peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, lipoprotein metabolism and consequently the prevention of liver steatosis.	Fatty Acids	130-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-54	
22978398-15	2012	To show the interplay of PPARalpha and HNF4alpha in the regulation of liver fatty acid metabolism, different strategies are proposed.	Fatty Acids	76-86	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-34	
22531971-4	2012	The sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) are two key transcription factors involved, respectively, in fatty acid synthesis and degradation in liver.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-112	
22531971-4	2012	The sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) are two key transcription factors involved, respectively, in fatty acid synthesis and degradation in liver.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-123	
22531971-10	2012	These results suggest that the hepatotoxicity induced by divalproex sodium may be related with fatty acid synthesis and degradation mediated by SREBP-1c and PPARalpha in hepatocytes.	Fatty Acids	95-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-166	
22748507-8	2012	Downregulation of cholesterolgenic genes and upregulation of fatty acid oxidative genes were consistent with SREBP-2 and PPARalpha control, respectively.	Fatty Acids	61-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	121-130	
22871568-6	2012	We conclude that ATRA treatment enhances fatty acid catabolism in hepatocytes through RXR-mediated mechanisms that likely involve the transactivation of the PPARalpha:RXR heterodimer.	Fatty Acids	41-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-166	
22732497-3	2012	Fenofibrate-induced PPARalpha transcriptional activity is expected to shift energy metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid beta-oxidation, which in the long-term, could target weak metabolic points of glycolysis-dependent glioblastoma cells.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	20-29	
22902876-0	2012	A PML-PPAR-delta pathway for fatty acid oxidation regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-10	
23165534-6	2012	Besides, interactions between soy components, such as standard amino acids, polyunsaturated fat, and the isoflavonoid-enriched fraction, are believed to improve fatty acid oxidation in the liver parenchyma by increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-regulated genes, thus decreasing lipid accumulation in the liver.	Fatty Acids	161-171	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	238-286	
22560376-4	2012	Recently, experimental data have suggested that PPAR-alpha activation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory and vascular responses, and might regulate various metabolic and intracellular signalling pathways that lead to diabetic microvascular complications.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-58	
22437669-5	2012	RESULTS: PPARgamma, alone or in combination with PPARalpha agonists, mediated upregulation of genes involved in the TCA cycle, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, AMPK and cAMP signaling, and insulin signaling pathways, and downregulation of genes in antigen processing and presentation, and immune and inflammatory response in adipose tissue.	Fatty Acids	172-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-58	
22437669-5	2012	RESULTS: PPARgamma, alone or in combination with PPARalpha agonists, mediated upregulation of genes involved in the TCA cycle, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, AMPK and cAMP signaling, and insulin signaling pathways, and downregulation of genes in antigen processing and presentation, and immune and inflammatory response in adipose tissue.	Fatty Acids	172-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-13	
22503288-7	2012	Furthermore, the putatively advantageous PPARA haplotype is correlated with serum free fatty acid concentrations, suggesting a possible decrease in the activity of fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	87-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-46	
22040870-1	2012	Unsaturated fatty acids are ligands of PPAR-gamma, which up-regulates genes involved in fatty acid transport and TAG synthesis and the insulin-sensitising adipokine adiponectin, which activates fatty acid beta-oxidation via PPAR-alpha action in liver.	Fatty Acids	12-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	224-234	
21778351-10	2011	These results suggest that a PPARalpha-independent pathway could participate to limit lipogenesis and emphasize the role of hepatocytes in the fatty acid omega-hydroxylation pathway.	Fatty Acids	143-153	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-38	
23077903-3	2012	PPARalpha stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids and controls plasma lipid transport through the mediated action upon the triglycerides and fatty acids metabolism and by modulation of biosynthesis and catabolism of bile acids in the liver.	Fatty Acids	55-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
22131314-2	2011	Activation of PPAR-alpha isoform by its natural ligands, fatty acids (FA) and eicosanoids, promotes mitochondrial FA oxidation as the primary ATP-generating pathway.	Fatty Acids	57-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24	
21778043-6	2011	Initially, roles were identified for PPARalpha in fatty acid catabolism.	Fatty Acids	50-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46	
22783064-7	2012	We illustrate our approach on microarray experiments that focused on the identification of candidate target genes and biological processes governed by the fatty acid sensing transcription factor PPARalpha in liver.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	195-204	
21104312-7	2012	Although never used therapeutically in clinical heart failure, PPARalpha agonists have been shown to enhance fatty acid oxidation, improve endothelial cell function, and decrease myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in animal models of heart failure.	Fatty Acids	109-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	63-72	
22675471-5	2012	The expression of PPARalpha was increased in LSDP5-deficient cells and required for the increase in the level of fatty acid beta-oxidation in LSDP5-deficient cells.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-27	
21923202-19	2011	PPARalpha is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation, lipid metabolism and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
21502324-3	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha expression also induces fatty acid beta-oxidation and endogenous HMGCS2 expression.	Fatty Acids	80-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-42	
21447747-6	2011	This was mediated via the recruitment of transcripts of muscle lipid mobilization (LIPE, FABP3, and FABP4) and fatty acid-sensitive transcription factors (PPARA, PPARG) to the metabolic network.	Fatty Acids	111-121	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	155-160	
21502324-3	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha expression also induces fatty acid beta-oxidation and endogenous HMGCS2 expression.	Fatty Acids	80-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48	
21448070-3	2011	In-vivo and in-vitro studies suggest that bile acids by binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activate fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and increase hepatic fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	182-192	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-115	
20354356-0	2011	PPARalpha agonist prevented the apoptosis induced by glucose and fatty acid in neonatal cardiomyocytes.	Fatty Acids	65-75	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
21443859-0	2011	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha enhances fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes.	Fatty Acids	72-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-62	
21443859-7	2011	On the other hand, PPARalpha activation by GW7647 treatment induced the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as CPT-1B and AOX in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Fatty Acids	91-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-28	
21443859-7	2011	On the other hand, PPARalpha activation by GW7647 treatment induced the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes such as CPT-1B and AOX in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Fatty Acids	91-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	154-163	
21443859-8	2011	Moreover, PPARalpha activation increased the production of CO(2) and acid soluble metabolites, which are products of fatty acid oxidation, and increased oxygen consumption rate in human adipocytes.	Fatty Acids	117-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-19	
21443859-9	2011	The data indicate that activation of PPARalpha stimulates both adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes, suggesting that PPARalpha agonists could improve insulin resistance without lipid accumulation in adipocytes.	Fatty Acids	93-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46	
21443859-9	2011	The data indicate that activation of PPARalpha stimulates both adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid oxidation in human adipocytes, suggesting that PPARalpha agonists could improve insulin resistance without lipid accumulation in adipocytes.	Fatty Acids	93-103	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-160	
21282101-2	2011	The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is an important regulator of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and has been shown to protect against lipid-induced beta-cell dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-73	
21282101-2	2011	The transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is an important regulator of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and has been shown to protect against lipid-induced beta-cell dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	75-84	
21282101-9	2011	In conclusion, this work shows that ChREBP is a critical and direct mediator of glucose repression of PPARalpha gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells, suggesting that ChREBP may be important for glucose suppression of the fatty acid oxidation capacity of beta-cells.	Fatty Acids	225-235	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	102-111	
21493923-2	2011	This PPAR-RXR transcriptional complex plays a critical role in energy balance, including triglyceride metabolism, fatty acid handling and storage, and glucose homeostasis: processes whose dysregulation characterize obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.	Fatty Acids	114-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	5-9	
21224484-7	2011	Moreover, AAPDs decreased transcriptional activity of PPARalpha, a critical transcriptional regulator for controlling hepatic fatty acid oxidation, via an AMPK-dependent manner.	Fatty Acids	126-136	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
21695021-6	2011	Fatty acids activate PPARs and studies have shown that PPAR activation stimulates keratinocyte differentiation.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-25	
20354356-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of peroxisome proliferator activator receptors alpha (PPARalpha) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by glucose and fatty acid, and if high glucose levels could increase fatty acid-induced apoptosis.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-101	
20354356-8	2011	CONCLUSION: These results suggested that in neonatal cardiomyocytes, fatty acid and glucose in combination with fatty acid induced apoptosis via NF-kappaB formation and activation of apoptosis pathways; glucose in combination with fatty acid induce more apoptosis rate for the more NF- kappaB formation, activation of the PPARalpha can reverse such apoptosis effect.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	322-331	
20354356-8	2011	CONCLUSION: These results suggested that in neonatal cardiomyocytes, fatty acid and glucose in combination with fatty acid induced apoptosis via NF-kappaB formation and activation of apoptosis pathways; glucose in combination with fatty acid induce more apoptosis rate for the more NF- kappaB formation, activation of the PPARalpha can reverse such apoptosis effect.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	322-331	
20354356-8	2011	CONCLUSION: These results suggested that in neonatal cardiomyocytes, fatty acid and glucose in combination with fatty acid induced apoptosis via NF-kappaB formation and activation of apoptosis pathways; glucose in combination with fatty acid induce more apoptosis rate for the more NF- kappaB formation, activation of the PPARalpha can reverse such apoptosis effect.	Fatty Acids	112-122	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	322-331	
20920566-1	2011	activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and regulates expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism in human HepG2 cells.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-58	
21383142-6	2011	In turn, the fatty acids act as ligands for PPARalpha, and the activated PPARalpha receptor then stimulates the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the uptake and/or metabolism of lipids, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism.	Fatty Acids	13-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-53	
21383142-6	2011	In turn, the fatty acids act as ligands for PPARalpha, and the activated PPARalpha receptor then stimulates the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the uptake and/or metabolism of lipids, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism.	Fatty Acids	13-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	73-82	
20620111-1	2011	The PPARalpha gene code for transcriptional factor that is a central regulator of expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and is believed to be a one of the genes of health-related fitness phenotype.	Fatty Acids	114-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-13	
21519405-1	2011	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha is a fatty acid activated transcription factors that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family.	Fatty Acids	61-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-55	
21774778-9	2011	Hence, the use of peroxisome proliferator  activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists to reduce fatty acid oxidation, of trace elements such as selenium as antioxidant and other antioxidants such as vitamins E and C, contributes to the prevention of these dysfunctions.	Fatty Acids	99-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-67	
21774778-9	2011	Hence, the use of peroxisome proliferator  activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists to reduce fatty acid oxidation, of trace elements such as selenium as antioxidant and other antioxidants such as vitamins E and C, contributes to the prevention of these dysfunctions.	Fatty Acids	99-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-78	
20057369-7	2010	Because PPARA plays a central role in fatty acid homeostasis, and in the transcriptional regulation of genes that are necessary for maintenance of the redox balance during the oxidative catabolism of fatty acids, we suggest that PPARA loss and miR-519d overexpression could be associated with metabolic imbalance and subsequent adipocyte hypertrophy in SAT during obesity.	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	8-13	
21207516-2	2011	The reason for these effects became clear when recently it was shown that thermo-oxidized fats contain characteristic substances such as hydroxylated fatty acids and cyclic fatty acid monomers which are potent ligands and activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha - a transcription factor controlling genes involved in fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism.	Fatty Acids	150-160	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	236-284	
20874678-8	2010	Hence, the use of PPARalpha agonist to reduce fatty acid oxidation and of trace elements such as selenium as antioxidant and other antioxidants such as vitamins E and C, contribute to the prevention of diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	46-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-27	
20628144-0	2010	Glucose regulates fatty acid binding protein interaction with lipids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.	Fatty Acids	18-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	73-121	
20057369-7	2010	Because PPARA plays a central role in fatty acid homeostasis, and in the transcriptional regulation of genes that are necessary for maintenance of the redox balance during the oxidative catabolism of fatty acids, we suggest that PPARA loss and miR-519d overexpression could be associated with metabolic imbalance and subsequent adipocyte hypertrophy in SAT during obesity.	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	229-234	
20057369-7	2010	Because PPARA plays a central role in fatty acid homeostasis, and in the transcriptional regulation of genes that are necessary for maintenance of the redox balance during the oxidative catabolism of fatty acids, we suggest that PPARA loss and miR-519d overexpression could be associated with metabolic imbalance and subsequent adipocyte hypertrophy in SAT during obesity.	Fatty Acids	200-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	229-234	
20811644-8	2010	The flavonoid activates PPAR response element (PPRE) while suppressing LXRalpha response element (LXRE) in human hepatocytes, translating into the induction of PPAR-regulated fatty acid oxidation genes such as CYP4A11, ACOX, UCP1 and ApoAI, and inhibition of LXRalpha-regulated lipogenesis genes, such as FAS, ABCA1, ABCG1, and HMGR.	Fatty Acids	175-185	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	160-164	
20509837-2	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and nuclear liver X receptors (LXR) are members of this family known to be activated by lipid derived endogenous ligands (such as fatty acids, eicosanoids and cholesterol) and pharmacological ones.	Fatty Acids	181-192	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-43	
20509837-2	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and nuclear liver X receptors (LXR) are members of this family known to be activated by lipid derived endogenous ligands (such as fatty acids, eicosanoids and cholesterol) and pharmacological ones.	Fatty Acids	181-192	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49	
20421589-5	2010	Therefore, fatty acids are likely to be the PPAR-alpha ligands generated by VLDL lipolysis.	Fatty Acids	11-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-54	
20421589-6	2010	Indeed, unbound fatty acid concentration determined PPAR-alpha activation regardless of fatty acid source, with PPAR-alpha activation occurring only at unbound fatty acid concentrations that are unachievable under physiological conditions without lipase action.	Fatty Acids	16-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-62	
20421589-9	2010	These data suggest that the PPAR-alpha response is generated by unbound fatty acids released locally by lipase activity and not by circulating plasma fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	72-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-38	
20458637-8	2010	Hence, the use of PPARalpha agonist to reduce fatty acid oxidation and of trace elements such as zinc and selenium as antioxidants, and physical exercise to induce mitochondrial adaptation, contribute to the prevention of diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction.	Fatty Acids	46-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-27	
20569465-3	2010	Fenofibrate is a potent agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) that can switch energy metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid beta-oxidation, and has low systemic toxicity.	Fatty Acids	149-159	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-83	
20569465-3	2010	Fenofibrate is a potent agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) that can switch energy metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid beta-oxidation, and has low systemic toxicity.	Fatty Acids	149-159	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-94	
19933841-6	2010	These results establish the fundamental role of dynamic regulatory interactions between HNF4alpha, Hes6, PPARalpha, and PPARgamma in the coordinated expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and metabolism.	Fatty Acids	181-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	105-114	
20426853-4	2010	Genetic association was assessed between measured and latent LVDF traits and 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-complex genes involved in the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	238-248	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-170	
20426853-4	2010	Genetic association was assessed between measured and latent LVDF traits and 64 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-complex genes involved in the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	238-248	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	172-176	
20500791-5	2010	In vivo experiments involving portal vein infusion of 16/18-GPC induced PPARalpha-dependent expression of the fatty acid metabolism genes acyl CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase.	Fatty Acids	110-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-81	
19941851-6	2010	An up-regulation of OCTN by PPARalpha activation could be regarded as a means to supply cells with sufficient carnitine required for transport of excessive amounts of fatty acids into the mitochondrion during fasting, and therefore plays an important role in the adaptive response of the metabolism to fasting.	Fatty Acids	167-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-37	
20936127-3	2010	Furthermore, PPARalpha binds and is activated by numerous fatty acids and fatty acid-derived compounds.	Fatty Acids	58-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
19789836-8	2010	Levels of mRNA and protein of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which regulates beta-oxidation of fatty acid, were lower in patients with steatosis than in patients without steatosis.	Fatty Acids	114-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	30-78	
20936127-3	2010	Furthermore, PPARalpha binds and is activated by numerous fatty acids and fatty acid-derived compounds.	Fatty Acids	58-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
19725980-0	2009	Modulation peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase1 (ACAT1) gene expression by fatty acids in foam cell.	Fatty Acids	151-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	62-72	
21461045-4	2010	These results suggest that isoflavones have other mechanisms of action, potentially those involving regulation of fatty acid metabolism via the nuclear receptors PPARalpha and PPARgamma.	Fatty Acids	114-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	162-171	
19162510-2	2009	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family is an important group of transcription factors that regulates immune surveillance, cell proliferation, fatty acid regulation, and angiogenesis--functions which have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.	Fatty Acids	164-174	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-46	
19162510-2	2009	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family is an important group of transcription factors that regulates immune surveillance, cell proliferation, fatty acid regulation, and angiogenesis--functions which have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.	Fatty Acids	164-174	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-52	
20814439-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, beta (also known as delta), and gamma function as sensors for fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives and control important metabolic pathways involved in the maintenance of energy balance.	Fatty Acids	118-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-54	
20814439-1	2010	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, beta (also known as delta), and gamma function as sensors for fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives and control important metabolic pathways involved in the maintenance of energy balance.	Fatty Acids	118-128	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-54	
20847941-2	2010	It is a sensor for changes in levels of fatty acids and their derivatives that responds to ligand binding with PPAR target gene transcription, inasmuch as it can influence physiological homeostasis, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in various tissues.	Fatty Acids	40-51	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-115	
20003344-4	2009	We have focused on PPARalpha, a ligand-activated transcription factor functioning as fatty acid sensor controlling the gene expression regulation of a large set of genes in various metabolic organs such as liver, small intestine or heart.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-28	
19823578-2	2009	In particular, PPARalpha is involved in regulation of fatty acid metabolism, cell growth and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	54-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	15-24	
19823578-3	2009	PPARalpha mediates the cardiac fasting response, increasing fatty acid metabolism, decreasing glucose utilisation, and is the target for the fibrate lipid-lowering class of drugs.	Fatty Acids	60-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
19725980-3	2009	Fatty acids are important ligands of PPARalpha and the concentration of them can effect expression of ACAT1.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46	
19569716-0	2009	Human urinary metabolomic profile of PPARalpha induced fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	55-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46	
19637155-1	2009	The fatty acid ethanolamides are a class of signaling lipids that include agonists at cannabinoid and alpha type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	4-14	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	158-167	
19585164-1	2009	Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are natural ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor that modulates expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-101	
19585164-1	2009	Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are natural ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor that modulates expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-112	
19569716-1	2009	Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is associated with increased fatty acid catabolism and is commonly targeted for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.	Fatty Acids	108-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-66	
19569716-1	2009	Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is associated with increased fatty acid catabolism and is commonly targeted for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.	Fatty Acids	108-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-77	
19386311-3	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk.	Fatty Acids	231-241	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
19622862-2	2009	Although the three PPAR subtypes display different tissue distribution patterns and distinct pharmacological profiles, they all are essentially related to fatty-acid and glucose metabolism.	Fatty Acids	155-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-23	
19646654-2	2009	PPARalpha is expressed predominantly in tissues that have a high level of fatty acid catabolism, such as liver, heart, and muscle.	Fatty Acids	74-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
19646654-5	2009	PPARalpha activators have been shown to regulate obesity in rodents by both increasing hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreasing the levels of circulating triglycerides responsible for adipose cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.	Fatty Acids	95-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
19386311-3	2009	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a member of this nuclear receptor family, has emerged as an important player in this scenario, with evidence supporting a central co-ordinated role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory and vascular responses, all of which would be predicted to reduce atherosclerotic risk.	Fatty Acids	231-241	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
19318113-3	2009	PPARalpha is expressed predominantly in the liver, kidney and heart, and is primarily involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	98-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
19266045-1	2009	Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have the potential to regulate gene expression via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha); therefore, genetic variations in this gene may impact its transcriptional activity on target genes.	Fatty Acids	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	81-129	
19207680-5	2009	RESULTS: Concurrent with PPARgamma and SREBP-1 gene activation, steatosis extent was larger when cells were treated with oleic than with palmitic acid; the latter fatty acid was associated with increased PPARalpha expression.	Fatty Acids	163-173	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	204-213	
19267708-11	2009	These effects may occur through mechanisms involving PPAR-alpha and PPAR-delta activation, resulting in increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	128-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-63	
19706994-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this review to collate current leading scientific advances of molecular mechanisms in alcoholic liver diseases and to propose a working "hypothesis of seven balances" in relation to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which has important roles in fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and possibly liver fibrosis.	Fatty Acids	300-310	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	209-257	
19636418-6	2009	Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha, PPARgamma, PPARdelta) regulate lipoprotein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, glucose homeostasis and inflammation, and therefore are used as anti-diabetic drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia and insulin insistence.	Fatty Acids	123-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-66	
18971326-6	2009	The induction of several known PPARalpha target genes involved with fatty acid metabolism were observed, reflecting the expected pharmacology associated with PPARalpha activation.	Fatty Acids	68-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40	
18971326-6	2009	The induction of several known PPARalpha target genes involved with fatty acid metabolism were observed, reflecting the expected pharmacology associated with PPARalpha activation.	Fatty Acids	68-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	158-167	
19929038-1	2009	Fenofibric acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to modify fatty acid and lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-74	
19266045-1	2009	Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have the potential to regulate gene expression via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha); therefore, genetic variations in this gene may impact its transcriptional activity on target genes.	Fatty Acids	21-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	131-140	
18782619-4	2008	PPAR and LXR are nuclear receptors activated by fatty acid and cholesterol derivatives respectively that control the expression of an array of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	48-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
19049593-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a drug/fatty acid-activated trans cription factor involved in the starvation response, and is thus relevant to the ketogenic diet (KD).	Fatty Acids	71-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
19049593-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a drug/fatty acid-activated trans cription factor involved in the starvation response, and is thus relevant to the ketogenic diet (KD).	Fatty Acids	71-81	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
19050303-2	2008	An unusually large ligand-binding pocket is a distinguishing feature of PPAR gamma and two related receptors, PPAR alpha and PPAR beta (also known as PPAR delta), which allows these receptors to interact with diverse chemical ligands including various fatty acids, fibrates, and the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs.	Fatty Acids	252-263	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120	
18586686-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) has been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease cytokine levels and has been implicated in insulin production.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
18586686-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) has been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation and decrease cytokine levels and has been implicated in insulin production.	Fatty Acids	84-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-55	
18812576-1	2008	As natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) ligands, high levels of fatty acids and glucose could lead to hyperactivation of PPARalpha, like that seen in diabetes.	Fatty Acids	96-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	11-59	
18812576-1	2008	As natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) ligands, high levels of fatty acids and glucose could lead to hyperactivation of PPARalpha, like that seen in diabetes.	Fatty Acids	96-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	61-70	
18812576-1	2008	As natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) ligands, high levels of fatty acids and glucose could lead to hyperactivation of PPARalpha, like that seen in diabetes.	Fatty Acids	96-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	153-162	
20409905-2	2008	PPARalpha has effects on fatty acid metabolism and its activation by fibrates results in reduction of triglyceride concentrations in blood.	Fatty Acids	25-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
18191967-7	2008	Monounsaturated fatty acids are also very effective in binding PPARs, whereas saturated fatty acids are poor PPAR binders.	Fatty Acids	6-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	63-67	
18518955-8	2008	Pathway analysis showed that genes in fatty acid metabolism, primarily in beta-oxidation were up-regulated upon activation of PPARalpha with WY14,643, and genes in several amino acid metabolism pathways were down-regulated.	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	126-135	
18518955-9	2008	CONCLUSION: This study shows that PPARalpha in human PBMCs regulates fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	34-43	
18541586-6	2008	PPARA-specific effects of variation were assessed by including genotype-by-fatty acid interaction terms in each statistical model.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5	
18477307-5	2008	This review also focuses on transcription factors such as sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, which promote either hepatic fatty acid synthesis or oxidation.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-155	
18191967-10	2008	Furthermore, human intervention studies comparing the effects of natural versus synthetic ligands side-by-side may reveal specific fatty acids that exert beneficial PPAR-mediated metabolic effects.	Fatty Acids	131-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	165-169	
18584037-2	2008	PPARalpha is mainly expressed in the liver, where it activates fatty acid catabolism.	Fatty Acids	63-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
18445885-3	2008	PPAR-gammais a member of nuclear receptor super family and regulates mRNA expression level of target genes by binding to fatty acid derivatives and thiazolidinediones.	Fatty Acids	121-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
19776627-3	2008	Since fatty acids, including n-3 PUFAs, are natural ligands of PPARalpha, a gene-diet interaction effect could be observed.	Fatty Acids	6-17	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	63-72	
18509489-5	2008	PPARalpha activation can target cancer cells energy balance by blocking fatty acid synthesis and by promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	72-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
18509489-5	2008	PPARalpha activation can target cancer cells energy balance by blocking fatty acid synthesis and by promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	110-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
18055466-3	2008	Glucose decreased PPARalpha interaction with fatty acid metabolites and steroid receptor coactivator-1 while increasing PPARalpha interaction with DNA.	Fatty Acids	45-55	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-27	
18288281-4	2008	The PPARalpha-PGC-1alpha complex controls the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in cardiac fatty acid and glucose metabolism as well as mitochondrial biogenesis.	Fatty Acids	103-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-13	
18815630-2	2008	In physiological situations such as fasting and physical exercise, one PPAR subtype, PPARdelta, triggers a transcriptional program in skeletal muscle leading to a switch in fuel usage from glucose/fatty acids to solely fatty acids, thereby drastically increasing its oxidative capacity.	Fatty Acids	197-208	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-75	
19112823-3	2008	Depending on the number of double bonds and carbon chain length, fatty acids may inhibit or activate expression of defined genes through either direct regulation of activity of nuclear receptors including PPAR, LXR and HNF-4 alpha or transcription factors mainly SREBP, ChREBP and NF kappa B; or indirectly, through physicochemical changes in membrane properties and activation of signal transduction pathways.	Fatty Acids	65-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	205-209	
18815630-2	2008	In physiological situations such as fasting and physical exercise, one PPAR subtype, PPARdelta, triggers a transcriptional program in skeletal muscle leading to a switch in fuel usage from glucose/fatty acids to solely fatty acids, thereby drastically increasing its oxidative capacity.	Fatty Acids	219-230	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-75	
17970749-9	2007	These observations indicate that PPARalpha and RXR regulate beta-cell susceptibility to long-chain fatty acid toxicity by increasing the rates of beta-oxidation and by involving peroxisomes in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	99-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	33-42	
17690133-2	2008	In hPPAR alpha PAC mice, the human PPAR alpha gene is expressed in tissues with high fatty acid catabolism and induced upon fasting, similar to mouse PPAR alpha in wild-type (Wt) mice.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	3-8	
17690133-3	2008	Upon treatment with the PP fenofibrate, hPPAR alpha PAC mice exhibited responses similar to Wt mice, including peroxisome proliferation, lowering of serum triglycerides, and induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in liver, kidney, and heart, suggesting that human PPAR alpha (hPPAR alpha) functions in the same manner as mouse PPAR alpha in regulating fatty acid metabolism and lowering serum triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-45	
17690133-3	2008	Upon treatment with the PP fenofibrate, hPPAR alpha PAC mice exhibited responses similar to Wt mice, including peroxisome proliferation, lowering of serum triglycerides, and induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in liver, kidney, and heart, suggesting that human PPAR alpha (hPPAR alpha) functions in the same manner as mouse PPAR alpha in regulating fatty acid metabolism and lowering serum triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	187-197	
17690133-3	2008	Upon treatment with the PP fenofibrate, hPPAR alpha PAC mice exhibited responses similar to Wt mice, including peroxisome proliferation, lowering of serum triglycerides, and induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in liver, kidney, and heart, suggesting that human PPAR alpha (hPPAR alpha) functions in the same manner as mouse PPAR alpha in regulating fatty acid metabolism and lowering serum triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	240-250	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-51	
17690133-3	2008	Upon treatment with the PP fenofibrate, hPPAR alpha PAC mice exhibited responses similar to Wt mice, including peroxisome proliferation, lowering of serum triglycerides, and induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in liver, kidney, and heart, suggesting that human PPAR alpha (hPPAR alpha) functions in the same manner as mouse PPAR alpha in regulating fatty acid metabolism and lowering serum triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	401-411	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-45	
17690133-3	2008	Upon treatment with the PP fenofibrate, hPPAR alpha PAC mice exhibited responses similar to Wt mice, including peroxisome proliferation, lowering of serum triglycerides, and induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism in liver, kidney, and heart, suggesting that human PPAR alpha (hPPAR alpha) functions in the same manner as mouse PPAR alpha in regulating fatty acid metabolism and lowering serum triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	401-411	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-51	
18751906-3	2008	Two transcription factors, namely SREBP1-c and PPARalpha, appear to be the main players controlling synthesis and degradation of fatty acids respectively.	Fatty Acids	129-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-56	
18751906-6	2008	The second part reviews the evidence for the involvement of PPARalpha in the control of fatty acid degradation and the key features of this nuclear receptor.	Fatty Acids	88-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-69	
17963722-7	2007	These results suggest that HIF-1 may be involved in hypoxia-induced suppression of fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes by reducing the DNA binding activity of PPARalpha/RXR.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-172	
18047848-4	2007	Preclinical in vitro data show that activation of PPAR-delta, like PPAR-alpha, results in enhancement of fatty acid oxidation, leading to increased energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate and of energy uncoupling.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-77	
17978304-0	2007	PPARalpha protects proximal tubular cells from acute fatty acid toxicity.	Fatty Acids	53-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17646210-14	2007	The induction of GyK by PGC-1 alpha and PPARalpha may promote a futile cycle of triglyceride hydrolysis and fatty acid reesterification.	Fatty Acids	108-118	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-49	
17991667-11	2007	Many of those genes were involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and are known PPARalpha target genes.	Fatty Acids	37-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	77-86	
17854140-4	2007	Conversely, ethanol consumption causes a general down-regulation of lipid (fatty acid) oxidation, a reflection of inactivation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	134-182	
17854140-4	2007	Conversely, ethanol consumption causes a general down-regulation of lipid (fatty acid) oxidation, a reflection of inactivation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	229-239	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	134-182	
17854140-4	2007	Conversely, ethanol consumption causes a general down-regulation of lipid (fatty acid) oxidation, a reflection of inactivation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) that regulates genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	229-239	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	184-194	
18938701-6	2007	The main cellular effect of PPAR activation lies on fatty acid oxidation and mobilization (PPARalpha) as well as they act as insulin sensitizers on peripheral tissues (PPARgamma).	Fatty Acids	52-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	28-32	
18938701-6	2007	The main cellular effect of PPAR activation lies on fatty acid oxidation and mobilization (PPARalpha) as well as they act as insulin sensitizers on peripheral tissues (PPARgamma).	Fatty Acids	52-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	91-100	
17991667-4	2007	Fatty acids are nutrients that regulate gene expression by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	141-150	
17991667-7	2007	Furthermore, we focused on the specific role of PPARalpha in regulation of PBMC gene expression during fasting, when plasma free fatty acids are elevated.	Fatty Acids	129-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-57	
17530276-1	2007	UNLABELLED: Fatty acid metabolism is influenced by training and diet with exercise training mediating this through activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in skeletal muscle.	Fatty Acids	12-22	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	204-213	
17356846-5	2007	PPARalpha has been shown to control transcriptional expression of key enzymes that are involved in fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation, triglyceride synthesis, mitochondrial respiration uncoupling, and glucose metabolism.	Fatty Acids	99-109	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17671740-6	2007	Fatty acid oxidation-related genes, LCAD, HADHalpha, UCP2, ACOX, BOX, CYP2E1, and CYP4A11, were all overexpressed, indicating that oxidation was enhanced in NAFLD, whereas the expression of CTP1a and PPARalpha was decreased.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	200-209	
17400022-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta and PPARgamma, are fatty acid activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family.	Fatty Acids	90-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-54	
17631413-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha is a nuclear receptor activated by natural ligands such as fatty acids as well as by synthetic ligands such as fibrates currently used to treat dyslipidemia.	Fatty Acids	114-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-54	
17631413-2	2007	PPARalpha regulates the expression of genes encoding proteins that are involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis, thereby improving markers for atherosclerosis and insulin resistance.	Fatty Acids	101-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17317762-1	2007	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, regulates fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	127-137	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-55	
17130488-0	2006	OXPAT/PAT-1 is a PPAR-induced lipid droplet protein that promotes fatty acid utilization.	Fatty Acids	66-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-21	
18220654-6	2007	PPARalpha is believed to participate in fatty acid uptake (beta- and omega-oxidation) mainly in the liver and heart.	Fatty Acids	40-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17007889-0	2006	Selectivity of fatty acid ligands for PPARalpha which correlates both with binding to cis-element and DNA binding-independent transactivity in Caco-2 cells.	Fatty Acids	15-25	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-47	
17007889-1	2006	It is thought that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a major regulator for fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-67	
17007889-1	2006	It is thought that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a major regulator for fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-78	
17007889-2	2006	Long-chain fatty acids have been shown to induce expression of the genes related to fatty acid metabolism through PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	11-21	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-123	
17007889-4	2006	In this study, we compared various fatty acids in the capability of PPARalpha activation by differential protease sensitivity assay (DPSA), electrophoretic mobility shift assay and GAL4-PPAR chimera reporter assay in intestinal cell line, Caco-2.	Fatty Acids	35-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-77	
17007889-4	2006	In this study, we compared various fatty acids in the capability of PPARalpha activation by differential protease sensitivity assay (DPSA), electrophoretic mobility shift assay and GAL4-PPAR chimera reporter assay in intestinal cell line, Caco-2.	Fatty Acids	35-46	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-72	
17007889-7	2006	The GAL4-PPAR chimera reporter assay revealed that the DNA binding-independent transactivity of PPARalpha was induced by various fatty acids with a wide spectrum of intensity which correlated with the conformational change of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	129-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-13	
17007889-7	2006	The GAL4-PPAR chimera reporter assay revealed that the DNA binding-independent transactivity of PPARalpha was induced by various fatty acids with a wide spectrum of intensity which correlated with the conformational change of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	129-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	96-105	
17007889-7	2006	The GAL4-PPAR chimera reporter assay revealed that the DNA binding-independent transactivity of PPARalpha was induced by various fatty acids with a wide spectrum of intensity which correlated with the conformational change of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	129-140	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	226-235	
16859815-6	2006	Both fatty acids raised PPAR activation, caspase 3 and 6 activities and TNF-alpha production.	Fatty Acids	5-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
16698033-1	2006	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs: PPARalpha, gamma and delta) regulate fatty acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	89-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-61	
17132851-7	2006	PPARalpha is expressed at high levels in organs with significant catabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	79-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
16936205-8	2006	Taken together, these results suggest that adiponectin stimulates fatty acid oxidation in muscle cells by the sequential activation of AMPK, p38 MAPK, and PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	66-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	155-164	
16768463-1	2006	Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are potent inducers of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha, a nuclear receptor that enhances transcription of peroxisomal enzymes mediating beta-oxidation of these potentially toxic fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	16-27	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	144-153	
16513421-1	2006	Studies in advanced heart failure show down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation genes, possibly due to decreased expression of the nuclear transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha).	Fatty Acids	58-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	160-208	
16513421-1	2006	Studies in advanced heart failure show down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation genes, possibly due to decreased expression of the nuclear transcription factors peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha).	Fatty Acids	58-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	210-219	
17086933-3	2006	PPARalpha activation enhances free fatty acid oxidation and potentiates anti-inflammatory effects, while PPARgamma is essential for normal adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, as well as fatty acid uptake and storage.	Fatty Acids	35-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
16731822-8	2006	In primary human pancreatic islets, PPARalpha agonist treatment prevented fatty acid-induced impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, apoptosis, and triglyceride accumulation.	Fatty Acids	74-84	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	36-45	
16603729-10	2006	PPAR-alpha, a receptor for peroxisome proliferators, functions as a sensor for fatty acids (lipid sensor), and ineffective PPAR-alpha sensing can lead to reduced energy burning resulting in hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis.	Fatty Acids	79-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
16556736-3	2006	For example, PPARalpha and PPARdelta regulate fatty acid catabolism, whereas PPARgamma controls lipid storage and adipogenesis.	Fatty Acids	46-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
16424352-3	2006	PPAR-alpha is activated by natural ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as the lipid-lowering fibrates.	Fatty Acids	52-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
16377806-7	2006	Gene expression analysis for peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolizing enzymes revealed that both hPPARalpha and mPPARalpha were functional.	Fatty Acids	59-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120	
16307905-7	2006	CONCLUSION: Elevated cardiac PPARalpha levels followed by an induction of cardiac CPT-1 expression may result in increased fatty acid metabolism for cardiac energy production in DCM, suggesting a specific cardiac metabolic program in human DCM compared to other types of cardiomyopathy.	Fatty Acids	123-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-38	
16506057-1	2006	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for skeletal and heart muscle fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	119-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
16506057-1	2006	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for skeletal and heart muscle fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	119-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
15910175-4	2006	In most of the experimental studies the activation of PPAR-alpha in rodents leads to improvement of insulin sensitivity by multiple mechanisms including improvement of insulin signaling due to a decrease of ectopic lipids in non-adipose tissues and decrease of circulating fatty acids and triglycerides.	Fatty Acids	273-284	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-64	
16574478-1	2006	We and others showed earlier that liver-type, epidermal-type and adipocyte-type (A-) fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) mediate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) dependent gene expression by channelling their ligand (fatty acid or drug) to the nuclear receptors via direct protein/protein interaction.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	129-171	
16574478-1	2006	We and others showed earlier that liver-type, epidermal-type and adipocyte-type (A-) fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) mediate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) dependent gene expression by channelling their ligand (fatty acid or drug) to the nuclear receptors via direct protein/protein interaction.	Fatty Acids	85-95	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	173-177	
16574478-1	2006	We and others showed earlier that liver-type, epidermal-type and adipocyte-type (A-) fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) mediate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) dependent gene expression by channelling their ligand (fatty acid or drug) to the nuclear receptors via direct protein/protein interaction.	Fatty Acids	234-244	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	129-171	
16574478-1	2006	We and others showed earlier that liver-type, epidermal-type and adipocyte-type (A-) fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) mediate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) dependent gene expression by channelling their ligand (fatty acid or drug) to the nuclear receptors via direct protein/protein interaction.	Fatty Acids	234-244	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	173-177	
16637234-1	2006	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPARalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and participates in the regulation of key proteins involved in lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, homeostasis, and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	186-196	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55	
17685022-4	2006	PPAR-alpha receptors play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism: they decrease circulating fatty acids and triglyceride levels.	Fatty Acids	109-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
16640656-6	2006	Our data suggest that naturally occurring PPAR ligands like fatty acids and fatty acid derivates have anti-inflammatory effects by redirecting DC into a less stimulatory mode.	Fatty Acids	60-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	42-46	
16640656-6	2006	Our data suggest that naturally occurring PPAR ligands like fatty acids and fatty acid derivates have anti-inflammatory effects by redirecting DC into a less stimulatory mode.	Fatty Acids	60-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	42-46	
16503871-5	2005	PPARalpha is expressed mainly in the liver, kidney and skeletal muscle and is involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	90-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17150915-3	2006	PPARalpha activates fatty acid catabolism, stimulates gluconeogenesis and ketone body synthesis and is involved in the control of lipoprotein assembly.	Fatty Acids	20-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
17150915-7	2006	These results suggest that PPARalpha regulates fatty acid metabolism and body water homeostasis in this cell line.	Fatty Acids	47-57	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	27-36	
16271724-8	2005	These results corroborate the hypothesis that PPARalpha regulates the limiting step in the oxidation of fatty acids in liver mitochondria.	Fatty Acids	104-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55	
15976920-1	2005	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), first identified in 1990 as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has a central role in the regulation of numerous target genes encoding proteins that modulate fatty acid transport and catabolism.	Fatty Acids	234-244	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
16271155-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, betadelta and gamma are nuclear receptors activated by fatty acid metabolites.	Fatty Acids	124-134	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-67	
16251601-4	2005	PUFA activate PPARalpha by direct binding, leading to the induction of hepatic fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	79-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
16203972-5	2005	Also correlated with these events are C75-induced increases in the expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a transcriptional activator of fatty acid oxidizing enzymes, and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), a thermogenic mitochondrial uncoupling protein.	Fatty Acids	190-200	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	147-156	
16162940-8	2005	Activation of PPARalpha could lead to increased hepatic oxidation of fatty acids and less synthesis of TG for VLDL assembly.	Fatty Acids	69-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23	
16162941-4	2005	Because OxLDLs contain natural activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a fatty acid-activated nuclear receptor, the regulation of NPC1 and NPC2 by PPARalpha and the consequences on cholesterol trafficking were further studied.	Fatty Acids	109-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-93	
16162941-4	2005	Because OxLDLs contain natural activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a fatty acid-activated nuclear receptor, the regulation of NPC1 and NPC2 by PPARalpha and the consequences on cholesterol trafficking were further studied.	Fatty Acids	109-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	95-104	
15976920-1	2005	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), first identified in 1990 as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has a central role in the regulation of numerous target genes encoding proteins that modulate fatty acid transport and catabolism.	Fatty Acids	234-244	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
16101570-8	2005	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the induction of human, but not rat, hepatic SULT2A gene transcription, thus implicating a role for fatty acids as endogenous regulators of hepatic sulfonation in humans.	Fatty Acids	170-181	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
18220606-4	2005	The PPAR family, which includes PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta, are receptors for fatty acids and their metabolites.	Fatty Acids	87-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-8	
18220606-4	2005	The PPAR family, which includes PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and PPARdelta, are receptors for fatty acids and their metabolites.	Fatty Acids	87-98	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-41	
16101570-8	2005	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the induction of human, but not rat, hepatic SULT2A gene transcription, thus implicating a role for fatty acids as endogenous regulators of hepatic sulfonation in humans.	Fatty Acids	170-181	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
15774422-7	2005	Circular dichroism demonstrated that high affinity ligands (long chain fatty acyl-CoAs, unsaturated fatty acids), but not weak affinity ligands (saturated fatty acids), elicited conformational changes in PPAR alpha structure, a hallmark of ligand-activated nuclear receptors.	Fatty Acids	90-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	204-214	
15920037-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: We show that TTA has the ability to attenuate tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated endothelial cell activation, further supporting antiinflammatory effects of this fatty acid, possibly involving both PPAR-alpha-dependent and -independent pathways.	Fatty Acids	177-187	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	213-223	
15890193-1	2005	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta is the most widely expressed member of the PPAR family of nuclear receptor fatty acid sensors.	Fatty Acids	131-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-42	
15890193-1	2005	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta is the most widely expressed member of the PPAR family of nuclear receptor fatty acid sensors.	Fatty Acids	131-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48	
15890193-1	2005	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) delta is the most widely expressed member of the PPAR family of nuclear receptor fatty acid sensors.	Fatty Acids	131-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	99-103	
15914105-0	2005	Fatty acid oxidation inhibition with PPARalpha activation (FOXIB/PPARalpha) for normalizing gene expression in heart failure?	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46	
15914105-0	2005	Fatty acid oxidation inhibition with PPARalpha activation (FOXIB/PPARalpha) for normalizing gene expression in heart failure?	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-74	
15949696-1	2005	The effects of fatty acids and retinoic acid (carotene) on brown adipose tissue differentiation are mediated by activation of the transcription factors PPARgamma and PPARalpha in combination with RXR.	Fatty Acids	15-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	166-175	
15774422-10	2005	Furthermore, the finding that saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, rather than saturated fatty acids, are high affinity PPAR alpha ligands provides a mechanism accounting for saturated fatty acid transactivation in cell-based assays.	Fatty Acids	69-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120	
15774422-10	2005	Furthermore, the finding that saturated fatty acyl-CoAs, rather than saturated fatty acids, are high affinity PPAR alpha ligands provides a mechanism accounting for saturated fatty acid transactivation in cell-based assays.	Fatty Acids	69-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-120	
15828240-4	2005	PPARalpha is highly expressed in liver and its activation by agonists leads to augmented fatty acid oxidation and protects against steatosis.	Fatty Acids	89-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
15868283-9	2005	The results further suggest that the short-term antiproliferative effect of PUFAs may involve PPAR activation in hOB cells, resulting in a cell cycle withdrawal favorable for the long-term differentiating effects of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	216-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-98	
15855325-7	2005	The expression of PPAR-alpha, a transcriptional regulator of genes encoding mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, was higher after pioglitazone treatment.	Fatty Acids	110-120	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	18-28	
16187707-3	2005	It has been demonstrated that consumption of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs decreases blood triglycerides by increasing fatty acid oxidation through activation of PPARalpha or by reducing the activation of SREBP-1 inhibiting lipogenesis.	Fatty Acids	107-117	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	150-159	
15828230-3	2005	While PPARalpha potentiates fatty acid catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates, PPARgamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, and mediates the activity of the insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones.	Fatty Acids	28-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-15	
15292029-1	2004	Cardiac and skeletal muscle both respond to elevated fatty acid availability by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha).	Fatty Acids	53-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	149-197	
15776359-2	2005	Due to a decreased expression of the transcription factor PPARalpha, fatty acid oxidation is reduced.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-67	
15776359-6	2005	As lead compound of these "fatty acid oxidation inhibitors with PPARalpha activation", the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor etomoxir was characterized.	Fatty Acids	27-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-73	
15722453-2	2005	They are found to be of cross-talk function in that LXR regulates fatty acid synthesis and PPAR controls fatty acid degradation.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	91-95	
15677519-2	2005	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha is a master regulator of fatty acid catabolism, and PPARalpha activators delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.	Fatty Acids	80-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-54	
15623829-1	2005	We reported previously that genistein enhances the expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha in HepG2 cells, suggesting that genistein holds great promise for therapeutic applications to lipid abnormalities such as obesity and hyperlipidemia in humans.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	127-169	
16485601-4	2005	The different steps of the catabolism may be submitted to biochemical or gene regulation control (such as that mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase I or fatty acid regulation of gene transcription via PPAR).	Fatty Acids	159-169	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	207-211	
15374828-4	2005	PPAR-alpha is involved in fatty acid oxidation and expressed in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, whereas PPAR-gamma is involved in fat cell differentiation, lipid storage, and insulin sensitivity.	Fatty Acids	26-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
15699244-0	2005	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha Leu162Val polymorphism influences the metabolic response to a dietary intervention altering fatty acid proportions in healthy men.	Fatty Acids	145-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
15292029-1	2004	Cardiac and skeletal muscle both respond to elevated fatty acid availability by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha).	Fatty Acids	53-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	199-209	
15292029-1	2004	Cardiac and skeletal muscle both respond to elevated fatty acid availability by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha).	Fatty Acids	91-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	149-197	
15292029-1	2004	Cardiac and skeletal muscle both respond to elevated fatty acid availability by increasing fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated in large part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha).	Fatty Acids	91-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	199-209	
15299082-5	2004	Treatment with fenofibrate, an activating ligand for PPARalpha, significantly reduced proliferation and increased cell death, suggesting that altered expression of nuclear hormone receptors involved with fatty acid metabolism leads to deregulated cellular proliferation and apoptosis.	Fatty Acids	204-214	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-62	
15380819-2	2004	This activity is catalyzed by numerous structurally related and unrelated enzymes, of which several acyl-CoA thioesterases have been shown to be regulated via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, strongly linking them to fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	238-248	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-211	
15497675-2	2004	PPAR-alpha regulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation and is a major regulator of energy homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	57-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
15497675-8	2004	This review paper will focus on the functions of PPAR-alpha in fatty acid beta-oxidation, lipid metabolism, and vascular inflammation.	Fatty Acids	63-73	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-59	
15525607-1	2004	Fatty acids are an important ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-82	
15525607-1	2004	Fatty acids are an important ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-88	
15333740-5	2004	The effects of fatty acids are mediated either directly owing to their specific binding to various nuclear receptors (PPAR, LXR, HNF-4alpha) leading to changes in the trans-activating activity of these transcription factors, or indirectly as the result of changes in the abundance of regulatory transcription factors (SREBP-1c, ChREBP, etc.).	Fatty Acids	15-26	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	118-122	
15177943-1	2004	The three subtypes of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARalpha, delta and gamma) control the storage and metabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	133-144	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-76	
15209628-4	2004	One of the mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), PPAR-alpha, regulates the transcriptional expression of the enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-64	
15209628-4	2004	One of the mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), PPAR-alpha, regulates the transcriptional expression of the enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-70	
15209628-4	2004	One of the mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), PPAR-alpha, regulates the transcriptional expression of the enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	153-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	73-83	
15056802-9	2004	Because rodent CYP4A is reportedly regulated by fatty acids through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and CYP2E1 is induced by high fat diets, we examined the effects of a medium chain fatty acid, palmitate on CYP2E1 mRNA content.	Fatty Acids	48-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-116	
15056802-9	2004	Because rodent CYP4A is reportedly regulated by fatty acids through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and CYP2E1 is induced by high fat diets, we examined the effects of a medium chain fatty acid, palmitate on CYP2E1 mRNA content.	Fatty Acids	48-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	118-127	
14769484-2	2004	Special emphasis is placed on the fasting-, fatty acid- and drug-activated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	44-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-145	
15196699-0	2004	Genistein enhances expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism through activation of PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	51-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	95-104	
15196699-7	2004	Taken together, this study provides a picture of the regulatory action of genistein, as an activator of PPARalpha in fatty acid catabolism and potential use of genistein as lipid-lowering agent.	Fatty Acids	117-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	104-113	
15612519-9	2004	Finally, it shows the target genes activated by the different isoforms of PPARs, the metabolic integration between the different PPAR isoforms to maintain a balance between fatty acid synthesis and oxidation and the association with the development of obesity and insulin resistance.	Fatty Acids	173-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-78	
14769484-2	2004	Special emphasis is placed on the fasting-, fatty acid- and drug-activated transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	44-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	147-156	
14519597-1	2004	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a key regulator of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, but few data exist from humans in vivo.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
14519597-1	2004	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a key regulator of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, but few data exist from humans in vivo.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
14999402-3	2004	Here we review the involvement of PPARalpha in peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, microsomal fatty acid hydroxylation, lipoprotein, bile and amino acid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, biotransformation, inflammation control, hepato-carcinogenesis and other pathways, through a detailed analysis of the different known or putative PPARalpha target genes.	Fatty Acids	77-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	34-43	
15319530-2	2004	Oxidation of certain fatty acids in peroxisomes is under PPARalpha control.	Fatty Acids	21-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-66	
14749265-8	2004	PPAR-delta is ubiquitous and could also favor fatty acid oxidation in tissues in which PPAR-alpha is absent or less expressed.	Fatty Acids	46-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	87-97	
14749269-2	2004	We have attempted to analyze the role of PPAR-alpha-linked fatty acid metabolism in islet function in health and in insulin-resistant states linked to lifestyle factors, in particular pregnancy and a diet inappropriately high in saturated fat.	Fatty Acids	59-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	41-51	
15030793-2	2004	How fatty acids promote vascular disease is poorly understood, but lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-physiologically related proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism-may be involved.	Fatty Acids	4-14	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-138	
15030793-2	2004	How fatty acids promote vascular disease is poorly understood, but lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-physiologically related proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism-may be involved.	Fatty Acids	4-14	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	140-149	
15230153-7	2004	Both of the receptors activate AMPK and PPAR alpha metabolic pathways leading to an increase in fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake and a decreased rate of gluconeogenesis, thus enhancing insulin sensitivity.	Fatty Acids	96-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-50	
14688309-8	2004	Therefore, the relative amount of oxidized fatty acids and LPC influences the immunological functions of oxLDL on DC, in part by regulating the PPAR pathway.	Fatty Acids	43-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	144-148	
12874098-3	2003	Although PPAR-alpha is mainly involved in fatty acid oxidation and expressed in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle, and PPAR-gamma is mainly involved in fat cell differentiation and insulin sensitivity, both are expressed in smooth muscle cells and myocardium, although PPAR-gamma are scarce in the latter.	Fatty Acids	42-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-19	
14525954-1	2003	Lipid homeostasis is controlled by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma) that function as fatty acid-dependent DNA-binding proteins that regulate lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	137-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-93	
12874098-4	2003	Activators of PPAR-alpha such as fatty acids and fibrates, and PPAR-gamma such as thiazolidinediones have been shown to exert antiproliferative effects, antagonize angiotensin II actions in vivo and in vitro, and exert antioxidant actions inhibiting generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of inflammatory mediators on blood vessels and the heart.	Fatty Acids	33-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24	
12798359-1	2003	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in regulating fatty acid metabolism by regulating expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	96-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
12962497-1	2003	The nuclear receptor (NR) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the effects of several hypolipidemic drugs, endogenous fatty acids, and peroxisome proliferators.	Fatty Acids	151-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	26-74	
12962497-1	2003	The nuclear receptor (NR) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the effects of several hypolipidemic drugs, endogenous fatty acids, and peroxisome proliferators.	Fatty Acids	151-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-85	
14566384-3	2003	PPARalpha plays a significant role in the regulation of nutrient metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	87-97	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
12957742-4	2003	PPAR alpha are activated by fatty acids, eicosanoids and fibrates, while PPAR gamma activators include arachidonic acid metabolites, oxidized low density lipoprotein and thiazolidinediones.	Fatty Acids	28-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
12730331-0	2003	Cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and liver X receptor (LXR) in nutritional regulation of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	131-141	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-74	
12730331-3	2003	These nuclear receptors play crucial roles in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism: LXRs activate expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), a dominant lipogenic gene regulator, whereas PPARalpha promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation genes.	Fatty Acids	64-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	217-226	
12730331-3	2003	These nuclear receptors play crucial roles in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism: LXRs activate expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), a dominant lipogenic gene regulator, whereas PPARalpha promotes fatty acid beta-oxidation genes.	Fatty Acids	236-246	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	217-226	
12746275-5	2003	PPARalpha potentiates fatty acid catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates (e.g. fenofibrate and gemfibrozil), whereas PPARgamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and mediates the activity of the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones (e.g. rosiglitazone and pioglitazone).	Fatty Acids	22-32	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
12843208-2	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and PPARdelta (also known as PPARbeta) mediate human UCP3 gene regulation by fatty acids through a direct-repeat (DR-1) element in the promoter.	Fatty Acids	132-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-54	
12843208-11	2003	Therefore the convergence of MyoD and PPAR-dependent pathways provides a molecular mechanism for skeletal muscle specificity and fatty acid regulation of human UCP3 gene.	Fatty Acids	129-139	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-42	
12798359-1	2003	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in regulating fatty acid metabolism by regulating expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	96-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
12798359-1	2003	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in regulating fatty acid metabolism by regulating expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	164-174	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
12798359-1	2003	The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in regulating fatty acid metabolism by regulating expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	164-174	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
12408750-6	2003	As expected, other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily also bind to this element and repress the activation mediated by PPARalpha, thus showing that the interplay between several nuclear receptors may regulate the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria, a crucial step in their metabolism.	Fatty Acids	231-242	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-137	
12470296-1	2003	Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha/PPARGC1) plays an important role in energy metabolism by co-ordinating transcriptional programmes of mitochondrial biogenesis, adaptive thermogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	244-254	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-48	
12574149-1	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear receptor activated by fatty acid derivatives and hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class.	Fatty Acids	96-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
12574149-1	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear receptor activated by fatty acid derivatives and hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class.	Fatty Acids	96-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
12655356-8	2003	This study indicates that the decrease in cardiac PPARalpha transcription factor gene expression observed in the failing human heart could play an important role in a reduction in fatty acid utilisation by the adult heart during cardiac hypertrophy.	Fatty Acids	180-190	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
12441342-1	2003	Fenofibrate is clinically successful in treating hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia presumably through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent induction of genes that control fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	217-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-162	
12441342-1	2003	Fenofibrate is clinically successful in treating hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia presumably through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-dependent induction of genes that control fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	217-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	164-173	
12506134-4	2003	This study has examined the ability of fatty acids to interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells.	Fatty Acids	39-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	113-117	
12506134-8	2003	Both fatty acid-induced PPAR activation and apoptosis in these cells can be blocked by PPAR response element decoy oligonucleotides.	Fatty Acids	5-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
12506134-4	2003	This study has examined the ability of fatty acids to interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells.	Fatty Acids	39-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-111	
12506134-8	2003	Both fatty acid-induced PPAR activation and apoptosis in these cells can be blocked by PPAR response element decoy oligonucleotides.	Fatty Acids	5-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	87-91	
14671562-2	2003	PPAR alpha is a key regulator of fatty acid beta-oxidation, participates in development of inflammatory reaction and atherosclerosis formation.	Fatty Acids	33-43	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
12693455-1	2003	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in response to extracellular fatty acids and their metabolites.	Fatty Acids	162-173	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49	
12361685-4	2002	PPAR (alpha, beta, and gamma) and RXR (alpha, beta, and gamma) isoforms are nuclear hormone receptors that are known to regulate gene transcription and protein expression levels of fatty acid transport and metabolism mediating proteins through the formation of a DNA binding heterodimer complex.	Fatty Acids	181-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-61	
12852255-6	2003	In addition, PPAR natural ligands, such as leukotriene B4 for PPAR alpha, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 for PPAR gamma, and prostacyclin for PPAR delta, are known to be eicosanoids and fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	193-204	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-17	
12505311-1	2002	The induction of P450 4A enzymes by peroxisome proliferators (PPs) and fatty acids is mediated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) that binds to response elements in target genes as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Fatty Acids	71-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	102-150	
12505311-1	2002	The induction of P450 4A enzymes by peroxisome proliferators (PPs) and fatty acids is mediated by the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) that binds to response elements in target genes as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Fatty Acids	71-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-162	
12419306-2	2002	Fatty acids have been shown to bind to and transactivate PPARs; it is not known whether fatty acids act as generalized agonists for PPARs in different cell types, and thus, stimulate the expression of PPAR-regulated target genes.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
12440976-6	2002	The induction of desaturases by PPs is enigmatic because the major effect of PPs is induction of fatty acid oxidation enzymes by activating PP-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa).	Fatty Acids	97-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	169-174	
12440979-6	2002	Many PPAR-regulated genes encode proteins that regulate fatty acid oxidation and storage.	Fatty Acids	56-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	5-9	
12440979-8	2002	Using these genetic and pharmacological approaches, it has been shown that PPARalpha predominantly regulates pathways of fatty acid oxidation, whereas PPARgamma modifies fatty acid synthesis and storage in adipose tissues.	Fatty Acids	121-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	75-84	
12401884-6	2002	It also induced differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, an established PPARgamma effect, and caused up-regulation of liver fatty acid binding protein in HepG-2 cells, a PPARalpha-mediated effect.	Fatty Acids	116-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	162-171	
12161442-0	2002	Fatty acid regulation of liver X receptors (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha ) in HEK293 cells.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-101	
12161442-0	2002	Fatty acid regulation of liver X receptors (LXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha ) in HEK293 cells.	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	103-112	
12161442-1	2002	Fatty acids bind to and regulate the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR).	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-88	
12161442-10	2002	Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the rate of assimilation of exogenously added fatty acids and their metabolites into complex lipids plays an important role in regulating PPARalpha and LXRalpha activity.	Fatty Acids	94-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	186-195	
12361685-10	2002	Our work provides a framework for the further investigation of PPAR and RXR isoform specific regulation of placental fatty acid uptake, transport and metabolism.	Fatty Acids	117-127	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	63-67	
12185990-9	2002	PPAR-alpha plays a major role in triggering fatty acid utilization and the adaptive response to dietary lipids in the kidney.	Fatty Acids	44-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
12006382-3	2002	PPARalpha is highly expressed in tissues such as liver, muscle, kidney, and heart, where it stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
12095700-1	2002	We have previously reported that several genes related to intestinal fatty acid and vitamin A metabolism are coordinately regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) [Arch.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	135-177	
12095700-1	2002	We have previously reported that several genes related to intestinal fatty acid and vitamin A metabolism are coordinately regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) [Arch.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	179-183	
11875072-1	2002	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma play key roles in the transcriptional control of contrasting metabolic pathways such as adipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	176-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-47	
11875072-1	2002	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma play key roles in the transcriptional control of contrasting metabolic pathways such as adipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	176-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-53	
12006394-1	2002	Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, extracellular lipid metabolism, hemostasis, and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	144-154	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-55	
12006382-7	2002	PPARalpha controls plasma lipid transport by acting on triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism and by modulating bile acid synthesis and catabolism in the liver.	Fatty Acids	72-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
12007538-3	2002	PPARalpha is mainly present in liver where it has an important role in the regulation of nutrient metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	120-130	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
12088279-3	2002	In this review, we discuss how fatty acids affect PPAR functions in the cell.	Fatty Acids	31-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-54	
11988641-3	2002	Studies aimed at the characterization of transcriptional control mechanisms governing FAO enzyme gene expression in the cardiac myocyte have defined a central role for the fatty acid-activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR(alpha)).	Fatty Acids	172-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	260-271	
11916905-0	2002	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha regulates fatty acid utilization in primary human skeletal muscle cells.	Fatty Acids	59-69	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
11864924-4	2002	Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for myocardial fatty acid oxidation and is downregulated during cardiac hypertrophy, concomitant with the switch from fatty acid to glucose utilization.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-49	
11864924-4	2002	Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for myocardial fatty acid oxidation and is downregulated during cardiac hypertrophy, concomitant with the switch from fatty acid to glucose utilization.	Fatty Acids	105-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	51-60	
11864924-4	2002	Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for myocardial fatty acid oxidation and is downregulated during cardiac hypertrophy, concomitant with the switch from fatty acid to glucose utilization.	Fatty Acids	208-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-49	
11864924-4	2002	Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes responsible for myocardial fatty acid oxidation and is downregulated during cardiac hypertrophy, concomitant with the switch from fatty acid to glucose utilization.	Fatty Acids	208-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	51-60	
12134632-5	2002	PPAR alpha is highly expressed in tissues such as liver, muscle, kidney and heart, where it stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
12134632-3	2002	Furthermore, fatty acids and eicosanoids are natural PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	13-24	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57	
12664659-5	2002	The CYP gene products such as CYP3A, CYP2B and PPAR are essential for metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones, fatty acids and various xenobiotics including drugs.	Fatty Acids	113-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-51	
11886504-1	2001	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are members of a nuclear receptor superfamily, which were initially described in the context of fatty acid degradation and adipocyte differentiation.	Fatty Acids	147-157	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49	
11606578-1	2001	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of a number of genes critical for fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	172-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
11606578-1	2001	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of a number of genes critical for fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	172-182	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-63	
11606578-5	2001	Feeding a bile acid-enriched diet significantly reduced the degree of hepatomegaly and induction of target genes encoding enzymes of fatty acid beta-oxidation caused by treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wyeth-14,643.	Fatty Acids	133-143	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	195-204	
11577087-1	2001	The expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO), the principal source of energy production in the adult mammalian heart, is controlled at the transcriptional level via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	211-259	
11577087-1	2001	The expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO), the principal source of energy production in the adult mammalian heart, is controlled at the transcriptional level via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	261-270	
11712864-2	2001	Activated PPAR-alpha stimulates the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and lipoprotein metabolism.	Fatty Acids	68-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-20	
11550996-4	2001	PPARalpha and PPARgamma are activated by the pharmacological agents fibrates and glitazones respectively, and by natural fatty acid derivatives, including inflammation mediators.	Fatty Acids	121-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
11724468-12	2001	One mechanism is induction of genes for fatty acid oxidation, which is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha.	Fatty Acids	40-50	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	83-131	
11550996-2	2001	PPARalpha enhances fatty acid oxidation whereas PPARgamma promotes adipogenesis and fatty acid storage in adipose tissue.	Fatty Acids	19-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
11421489-3	2001	PPAR-alpha is predominantly expressed in brown adipose tissue, liver, kidney, duodenum, heart, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelial cells and is involved in the control of lipoprotein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the cellular uptake of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	201-211	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
11371553-5	2001	These data suggest that humans retain a capacity for PPARalpha regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis.	Fatty Acids	91-101	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-62	
11375115-4	2001	PPARs are activated by fatty-acid derivatives and pharmacological agents such as fibrates and glitazones which are specific for PPARalpha and PPARgamma respectively.	Fatty Acids	23-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-137	
11587644-2	2001	The roles of PPARalpha in fatty acid oxidation and PPARgamma in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage have been characterized extensively.	Fatty Acids	26-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
11371554-0	2001	Hypoxia inhibits the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/retinoid X receptor gene regulatory pathway in cardiac myocytes: a mechanism for O2-dependent modulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	192-202	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-69	
11411341-8	2001	PPAR alpha, mainly expressed in liver, plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	66-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
11226238-1	2001	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a key regulator of lipid homeostasis in hepatocytes and target for fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs.	Fatty Acids	131-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
11226238-1	2001	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is a key regulator of lipid homeostasis in hepatocytes and target for fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs.	Fatty Acids	131-142	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
11226238-9	2001	This correlation constitutes a nucleus-directed signaling by fatty acids and hypolipidemic drugs where L-FABP acts as a cytosolic gateway for these PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists.	Fatty Acids	61-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	148-157	
11421489-3	2001	PPAR-alpha is predominantly expressed in brown adipose tissue, liver, kidney, duodenum, heart, skeletal muscle, and vascular endothelial cells and is involved in the control of lipoprotein metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and the cellular uptake of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	250-261	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
11474570-4	2001	PPAR(s) are activated by fatty acids and eicosanoids.	Fatty Acids	25-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
11208679-2	2001	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor family member, regulates gene expression in response to certain fatty acids and fibric acid derivatives.	Fatty Acids	145-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
11208679-2	2001	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor family member, regulates gene expression in response to certain fatty acids and fibric acid derivatives.	Fatty Acids	145-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
11158930-0	2001	A potent PPARalpha agonist stimulates mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle.	Fatty Acids	52-62	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-18	
11139385-2	2001	Fatty acids bind to the ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of PPARalpha and PPARgamma and activate these receptors.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-66	
11149279-8	2000	Moreover, the article points at the role of these fatty acids in activating genes via the PPAR-receptor system essential for enzyme and transport proteins in the lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	50-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-94	
11374025-2	2001	PPAR alpha is highly expressed in liver, muscle, kidney and heart, where it stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	121-132	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
11374025-6	2001	Furthermore, fatty acid-derivatives and eicosanoids are natural PPAR ligands: PPAR alpha is activated by leukotriene B4, whereas prostaglandin J2 is a PPAR gamma ligand, as well as some components of oxidized LDL, such as 9- and 13-HODE.	Fatty Acids	13-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-68	
11374025-6	2001	Furthermore, fatty acid-derivatives and eicosanoids are natural PPAR ligands: PPAR alpha is activated by leukotriene B4, whereas prostaglandin J2 is a PPAR gamma ligand, as well as some components of oxidized LDL, such as 9- and 13-HODE.	Fatty Acids	13-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-88	
11374025-6	2001	Furthermore, fatty acid-derivatives and eicosanoids are natural PPAR ligands: PPAR alpha is activated by leukotriene B4, whereas prostaglandin J2 is a PPAR gamma ligand, as well as some components of oxidized LDL, such as 9- and 13-HODE.	Fatty Acids	13-23	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	78-82	
11071880-0	2000	Less extrahepatic induction of fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes by PPAR alpha.	Fatty Acids	31-41	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-78	
11071880-1	2000	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally regulates mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes in the liver.	Fatty Acids	151-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-52	
11071880-1	2000	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) is a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally regulates mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes in the liver.	Fatty Acids	151-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-64	
11071880-3	2000	PPARalpha activation leads to predictable pleiotropic responses in liver including peroxisome proliferation, increased fatty acid oxidation, and hepatocellular carcinoma.	Fatty Acids	119-129	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
11060349-9	2000	Because induction of PPARalpha occurs at ligand concentrations comparable to the levels found for phytanic acid and pristanic acid in human plasma, these fatty acids should be seen as naturally occurring ligands for PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	154-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	21-30	
11060349-9	2000	Because induction of PPARalpha occurs at ligand concentrations comparable to the levels found for phytanic acid and pristanic acid in human plasma, these fatty acids should be seen as naturally occurring ligands for PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	154-165	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	216-225	
11237216-1	2001	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha, gamma, delta) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that have central roles in the storage and catabolism of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	221-232	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-58	
11074598-6	2000	Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth.	Fatty Acids	29-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-68	
11007963-3	2000	PPAR have profound effects on the metabolism of lipoproteins and fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	65-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
11007963-5	2000	Both PPAR are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives.	Fatty Acids	27-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	5-9	
11007963-6	2000	Activation of PPAR alpha increases the catabolism of fatty acids at several levels.	Fatty Acids	53-64	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24	
11074598-6	2000	Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth.	Fatty Acids	29-40	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-101	
11074598-6	2000	Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	64-68	
11074598-6	2000	Furthermore, the addition of fatty acids to IMR-32 cells led to PPAR activation, suggesting that PPAR activation may be an important event in fatty acid modulation of IMR-32 cell growth.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-101	
10855543-1	2000	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism, haemostasis and inflammation, in response to fatty acids and fibrates, making it a candidate gene for risk of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.	Fatty Acids	169-180	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-65	
11122762-2	2000	Known PPAR isoforms include PPAR gamma, important in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, PPAR alpha, implicated in fatty acid metabolism, and PPAR delta, about which the least is known.	Fatty Acids	114-124	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-10	
10955810-2	2000	PPARalpha is activated by peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids and has been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	55-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
10955810-2	2000	PPARalpha is activated by peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids and has been shown to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	55-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
10955810-10	2000	The role of PPARalpha may be to integrate dietary fatty acid and steroid hormone signaling pathways, and its overexpression in advanced prostate cancer may indicate a role in tumor progression with the potential involvement of dietary factors.	Fatty Acids	50-60	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	12-21	
11282301-4	2000	Among the ligand activators of PPARalpha are long-chain fatty acids; therefore, increased uptake of fatty acid substrate into the cardiac myocyte induces a transcriptional response leading to increased expression of FAO enzymes.	Fatty Acids	56-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-40	
10855543-1	2000	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) regulates genes involved in lipid metabolism, haemostasis and inflammation, in response to fatty acids and fibrates, making it a candidate gene for risk of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.	Fatty Acids	169-180	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-76	
10855543-2	2000	Plasma non-esterified fatty acids are increased in subjects with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, suggesting that PPARalpha could link Type II diabetes and dyslipidaemia, and affect response to fibrates.	Fatty Acids	22-33	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	132-141	
10760508-2	2000	Fatty acids and eicosanoids are natural PPARalpha ligands.	Fatty Acids	0-11	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-49	
10777541-0	2000	The murine and human cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase gene promoters are differentially responsive to regulation by fatty acids mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.	Fatty Acids	114-125	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	139-187	
10777541-1	2000	We determined if fatty acids can regulate the murine Cyp7a1 and human CYP7A1 gene promoters via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)/9-cis-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RXRalpha).	Fatty Acids	17-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	96-144	
10777541-1	2000	We determined if fatty acids can regulate the murine Cyp7a1 and human CYP7A1 gene promoters via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)/9-cis-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RXRalpha).	Fatty Acids	17-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	146-155	
10776058-8	2000	Moreover, the article points at the role of these fatty acids in activating genes via the PPAR-receptor system essential for enzyme and transport proteins in the lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	50-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-94	
10760508-5	2000	Using specific inhibitors, it is shown that oxLDL-mediated PPARalpha activation requires phospholipase A2 activity and that the oxidized fatty acids 9- and 13-HODE activate PPARalpha directly.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	173-182	
10438511-1	1999	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)is a nuclear receptor for various fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic drugs.	Fatty Acids	94-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
10725467-4	2000	The specificity of ligands, such as fatty acids, eicosanoids, fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZD), is described for each of the three PPAR isotypes, alpha (NR1C1), beta (NR1C2) and gamma (NR1C3), so as the differential tissue distribution of these isotypes.	Fatty Acids	36-47	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-140	
10725467-5	2000	Finally, general and specific functions of the PPAR isotypes are discussed, namely their implication in the control of inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and differentiation, the roles of PPARalpha in fatty acid catabolism and of PPARgamma in adipogenesis.	Fatty Acids	209-219	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-51	
10997287-3	2000	The PPAR alpha receptor is activated by hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class, and regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in fatty acid catabolism.	Fatty Acids	141-151	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-14	
10669761-0	2000	The coactivator PGC-1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes.	Fatty Acids	154-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-86	
10669761-1	2000	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in the transcriptional control of genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) enzymes.	Fatty Acids	141-151	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
10669761-1	2000	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) plays a key role in the transcriptional control of genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (FAO) enzymes.	Fatty Acids	141-151	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
10707558-2	2000	PPAR has been shown to be regulated the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism by various compounds such as fibrates, thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins, and fatty acids that is important in adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	168-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4	
10438511-1	1999	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)is a nuclear receptor for various fatty acids, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic drugs.	Fatty Acids	94-105	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
9712703-1	1998	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) control discrete genes involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-43	
10428978-8	1999	Also, (9Z,11E)-CLA is one of the most avid fatty acids yet described as a PPARalpha ligand.	Fatty Acids	43-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-83	
10347167-10	1999	Similarly, in transient transfection of DU145 cells, cotransfection of PPARgamma and ARA70 induces transcription from reporter constructs driven by either three copies of an isolated PPAR response element or the natural promoter of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 in the absence of exogenous 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2.	Fatty Acids	246-256	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	71-75	
10431661-2	1999	All PPARs are, albeit to different extents, activated by fatty acids and derivatives; PPAR-alpha binds the hypolipidemic fibrates whereas antidiabetic glitazones are ligands for PPAR-gamma.	Fatty Acids	57-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-96	
10431661-4	1999	PPAR-alpha activators increase hepatic uptake and the esterification of free fatty acids by stimulating the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase expression.	Fatty Acids	77-87	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
10231366-12	1999	These studies suggest that fatty acid or its analogue may regulate CRBPII gene expression through PPAR/RXR heterodimer bound to the nuclear receptor response element(s) of the CRBPII genes.	Fatty Acids	27-37	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	98-102	
10471119-5	1999	PPARalpha is required for the PUFA induction of mRNAs encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	83-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
10548883-8	1999	We and others have recently shown that various naturally occurring fatty acids and eicosanoids serve as PPAR ligands, suggesting a novel regulatory mechanism whereby dietary lipids and their metabolites can regulate gene transcription and impact overall energy balance.	Fatty Acids	67-78	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	104-108	
10403814-1	1999	The alpha isoform of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) is activated by fatty acids, their metabolites, and the fibrate class of lipid-lowering agents.	Fatty Acids	88-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-70	
10403814-5	1999	This study provides the direct evidence that human PPARalpha is activated through the direct binding of fatty acids and eicosanoids, as well as of a fibrate, to its ligand-binding domain.	Fatty Acids	104-115	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	51-60	
10377075-3	1999	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a member of the nuclear receptor family, regulates gene expression in response to certain fatty acids and fibric acid derivatives.	Fatty Acids	152-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-48	
10377075-3	1999	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), a member of the nuclear receptor family, regulates gene expression in response to certain fatty acids and fibric acid derivatives.	Fatty Acids	152-163	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	50-59	
10327283-4	1999	It is likely that these actions of PPAR alpha activators on lipid, glucose and energy metabolism are, at least in part, due to the increase of hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation resulting in an enhanced fatty acid flux and degradation in the liver.	Fatty Acids	151-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	35-45	
10064336-9	1999	This signaling molecule has been deemed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and has been extensively examined in regard to its response to xenobiotic, fatty acid-like chemicals (peroxisome proliferators, PP).	Fatty Acids	169-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	44-86	
10064336-9	1999	This signaling molecule has been deemed the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and has been extensively examined in regard to its response to xenobiotic, fatty acid-like chemicals (peroxisome proliferators, PP).	Fatty Acids	169-179	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-92	
10064336-10	1999	PP, like fatty acids, activate PPAR and modulate tissue-specific responses.	Fatty Acids	9-20	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-35	
10064336-11	1999	The goal of this review is to describe a potential role for PPAR in mediating the effects of fatty acids on gene expression, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis.	Fatty Acids	93-104	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-64	
9776557-1	1998	Fibrates modify the expression of genes implicated in lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARalpha), leading to reductions in serum triglycerides and cholesterol.	Fatty Acids	70-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-148	
9776557-1	1998	Fibrates modify the expression of genes implicated in lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARalpha), leading to reductions in serum triglycerides and cholesterol.	Fatty Acids	70-80	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	149-158	
9712703-1	1998	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) control discrete genes involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-49	
9655393-2	1998	Whereas PPARgamma promotes lipid storage by regulating adipocyte differentiation, PPARalpha stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	82-91	
9702044-3	1998	These receptors are transcription factors that control the beta-oxidation and transport pathways of fatty acids and adipocyte differentiation containing fatty acid synthesis under the modification of PPAR activation with CBP and its analogs.	Fatty Acids	100-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	200-204	
9702044-3	1998	These receptors are transcription factors that control the beta-oxidation and transport pathways of fatty acids and adipocyte differentiation containing fatty acid synthesis under the modification of PPAR activation with CBP and its analogs.	Fatty Acids	100-110	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	200-204	
9535828-5	1998	These results show that PPAR regulates the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria, which is a crucial step in their metabolism, especially in tissues like heart, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in which fatty acids are a major source of energy.	Fatty Acids	52-63	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
9535828-5	1998	These results show that PPAR regulates the entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria, which is a crucial step in their metabolism, especially in tissues like heart, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in which fatty acids are a major source of energy.	Fatty Acids	216-227	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	24-28	
9113986-6	1997	We show here that specific FAs, eicosanoids, and hypolipidemic drugs are ligands for PPARalpha or PPARdelta.	Fatty Acids	27-30	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	85-94	
9496708-10	1998	In conclusion, our data suggested that the CRBP(II) gene expression may be enhanced by an activation of PPARalpha-RXRalpha heterodimer through some putative metabolite(s) formed via fatty acid-related metabolic pathway in the clofibrc acid-treated cells.	Fatty Acids	182-192	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	104-113	
9540977-5	1998	Furthermore, physiologic doses of the fatty acids oleic acid, linoleic acid, and eicosatetraynoic acid, which are also activators of PPARalpha, also induced involucrin and transglutaminase protein and mRNA.	Fatty Acids	38-49	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	133-142	
9540977-9	1998	This study demonstrates that PPARalpha activators, including putative endogenous ligands such as fatty acids, induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation in keratinocytes, and suggests a regulatory role for the PPARalpha in epidermal homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	97-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-38	
9540977-9	1998	This study demonstrates that PPARalpha activators, including putative endogenous ligands such as fatty acids, induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation in keratinocytes, and suggests a regulatory role for the PPARalpha in epidermal homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	97-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	216-225	
9699859-9	1998	This so-called CARLA assay has allowed the identification of fatty acids and eicosanoids as PPAR ligands.	Fatty Acids	61-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-96	
9464279-1	1998	We have recently shown that the gene for the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase is a target for PPAR and that this receptor mediates the induction of this gene by fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	159-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-96	
9449199-5	1997	Short chain fatty acids (FAs) appeared more selective for PPARalpha than for hNUC1, whereas the very long chain FA, erucic acid (C22:1) was more selective for hNUC1.	Fatty Acids	25-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-67	
9449199-6	1997	Using erucic acid as a probe, we conducted a topological similarity search of the Merck Chemical Collection and identified a fatty acid-like compound, L-631,033 4-(2-acetyl-6-hydroxyundecyl) cinnamic acid, that was a selective activator of hNUC1 (EC50 of 2 microM), but was much less selective for PPARalpha or PPARgamma (EC50s of > 100 microM).	Fatty Acids	125-135	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	298-307	
8695669-5	1996	PPAR alpha is involved in stimulating beta-oxidation of fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	56-67	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10	
9209701-12	1997	The aim of this note is to review recent developments on PPARs, to present members up to now recognized to belong to the PPAR family, their characterization, functions, regulation and mechanisms of activation as well as their involvement in lipid metabolism regulation such as control of beta-oxidation, ketogenesis, fatty acid synthesis and lipoprotein metabolism.	Fatty Acids	317-327	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
9361824-7	1997	A different story emerges when fatty acids activate PPAR.	Fatty Acids	31-42	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-56	
9361824-17	1997	Clearly, more studies are required to assess the role PPAR plays in the fatty acid regulation of gene transcription and its contribution to chronic disease.	Fatty Acids	72-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	54-58	
8900274-3	1996	Because PPARalpha regulates the oxidative degradation of fatty acids and their derivatives, like this lipid mediator, a feedback mechanism is proposed that controls the duration of an inflammatory response and the clearance of leukotriene B4 in the liver.	Fatty Acids	57-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	8-17	
8695669-6	1996	In rodents, a PPAR alpha-mediated change in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism lies at the basis of the phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation, a pleiotropic cellular response, mainly limited to liver and kidney and which can lead to hepatocarcinogenesis.	Fatty Acids	80-90	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24	
8695669-7	1996	In addition to their role in peroxisome proliferation in rodents, PPAR is also involved in the control of HDL cholesterol levels by fibrates and fatty acids in rodents and humans.	Fatty Acids	145-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	66-70	
8809736-1	1996	Peroxisome proliferator-response elements (PPRE) are cis-acting regulatory elements that confer responsiveness to peroxisome proliferators and various fatty acids by serving as target sites for ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers.	Fatty Acids	151-162	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	255-259	
8831913-0	1996	Transcriptional control of triglyceride metabolism: fibrates and fatty acids change the expression of the LPL and apo C-III genes by activating the nuclear receptor PPAR.	Fatty Acids	65-76	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	165-169	
8725145-0	1996	Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression.	Fatty Acids	103-114	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-60	
7592593-5	1995	This assay was employed to compare the activation of PPAR family members by known PPAR activators including peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57	
8538617-9	1995	Although it remains to be determined whether fatty acids and peroxisome proliferators bind directly to any PPAR these data suggest that the natural role of PPARs in man is to regulate lipid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	45-56	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-111	
8642441-3	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-115	
8642441-3	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-121	
8642441-3	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator- activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	152-156	
8729087-5	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-114	
8729087-5	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	116-120	
8729087-5	1996	With the recent cloning of a fatty acid-activated nuclear factor termed peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) has come the suggestion that PPAR may be the PUFA response factor.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-155	
7592593-5	1995	This assay was employed to compare the activation of PPAR family members by known PPAR activators including peroxisome proliferators and fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	137-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	82-86	
8384714-6	1993	In conclusion, our data demonstrate a convergence of the PPAR and RXR signaling pathways in the regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids by fatty acids and retinoids.	Fatty Acids	144-155	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
7626496-0	1995	Fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-67	
7626496-0	1995	Fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR).	Fatty Acids	0-10	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-73	
7626496-7	1995	To test whether a common PPAR binding metabolite might be formed from free fatty acids we tested the effects of differentially beta-oxidizable fatty acids and inhibitors of fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	75-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-29	
7776972-4	1995	The promoter of the gene encoding the acyl-coenzyme-A oxidase (ACO), the rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids, is a target site of PPAR action.	Fatty Acids	127-138	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	160-164	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	89-100	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-57	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8056148-8	1994	Interestingly, a variety of fatty acids can activate PPAR supporting the suggestion that fatty acids, or their acyl CoA derivatives, may be the natural ligands of PPAR and that the physiological role of PPAR is to regulate fatty acid homeostasis.	Fatty Acids	28-38	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	163-167	
8274151-5	1993	The omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids were slightly more potent PPAR activators in vitro than saturated fatty acids.	Fatty Acids	14-35	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	62-66	
8274151-6	1993	The peroxisomal proliferation-inducing, non-beta-oxidizable, tetradecylthioacetic acid activated PPAR to the same extent as the strong peroxisomal proliferator WY 14,643, whereas the homologous beta-oxidizable tetradecylthiopropionic acid was only as potent as a non-substituted fatty acid.	Fatty Acids	279-289	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-101	
7635967-12	1995	Apo A-II expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by fibrates and fatty acids via the interaction of PPAR with the AII-PPRE, thereby demonstrating the pivotal role of PPAR in controlling human lipoprotein metabolism.	Fatty Acids	78-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	113-117	
7635967-12	1995	Apo A-II expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by fibrates and fatty acids via the interaction of PPAR with the AII-PPRE, thereby demonstrating the pivotal role of PPAR in controlling human lipoprotein metabolism.	Fatty Acids	78-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	179-183	
7644988-8	1995	The finding that fatty acids are PPAR activators suggests that fatty acids or their acyl CoA-derivatives may regulate the lipid metabolism via this receptor.	Fatty Acids	17-28	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	33-37	
7644988-8	1995	The finding that fatty acids are PPAR activators suggests that fatty acids or their acyl CoA-derivatives may regulate the lipid metabolism via this receptor.	Fatty Acids	63-74	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	33-37	
8033830-1	1994	Activators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) regulate fatty acid metabolism and can induce adipocyte differentiation.	Fatty Acids	73-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-56	
8033830-1	1994	Activators of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) regulate fatty acid metabolism and can induce adipocyte differentiation.	Fatty Acids	73-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-62	
8384714-6	1993	In conclusion, our data demonstrate a convergence of the PPAR and RXR signaling pathways in the regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids by fatty acids and retinoids.	Fatty Acids	159-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	57-61	
22792086-6	2012	Generally, hepatic PPARalpha of mPPARalpha mice was more strongly activated than that of hPPARalpha mice when several target genes involving beta-oxidation of fatty acids were evaluated.	Fatty Acids	159-170	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	89-99	
33801983-7	2021	The latter option involves using PPAR agonists and drugs that modulate the transport of fatty acids via carnitine into the interior of the mitochondria or the redirection of long-chain fatty acids to peroxisomes.	Fatty Acids	88-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	33-37	
23304111-2	2012	Liver PPAR-alpha downregulation with parallel PPAR-gamma and SREBP-1c up-regulation may trigger major metabolic disturbances between de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation favouring the former, in association with the onset of steatosis in obesity-induced oxidative stress and related long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid n-3 (LCPUFA n-3) depletion, insulin resistance, hypoadiponectinemia, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.	Fatty Acids	157-167	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-16	
33813326-10	2021	After the lymphocytes were infected with REV, the exogenous fatty acids were preferentially used; genes involved in fatty acid utilization were upregulated via the PPAR pathway, whereas genes involved in lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis were downregulated.	Fatty Acids	60-71	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	164-168	
33813326-10	2021	After the lymphocytes were infected with REV, the exogenous fatty acids were preferentially used; genes involved in fatty acid utilization were upregulated via the PPAR pathway, whereas genes involved in lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis were downregulated.	Fatty Acids	60-70	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	164-168	
22654897-3	2012	These novel findings suggest that the fatty acid accumulation and the resulting PPARalpha activation are major causes of the increase in the beta-oxidation ability as probable compensation for fatty acid metabolism in the patients" fibroblasts, and that enhanced cell proliferation and increased oxidative stress due to the PPARalpha activation relate to the development of specific clinical features such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, slight hepatomegaly, and skeletal myopathy.	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89	
22654897-3	2012	These novel findings suggest that the fatty acid accumulation and the resulting PPARalpha activation are major causes of the increase in the beta-oxidation ability as probable compensation for fatty acid metabolism in the patients" fibroblasts, and that enhanced cell proliferation and increased oxidative stress due to the PPARalpha activation relate to the development of specific clinical features such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, slight hepatomegaly, and skeletal myopathy.	Fatty Acids	38-48	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	324-333	
22654897-3	2012	These novel findings suggest that the fatty acid accumulation and the resulting PPARalpha activation are major causes of the increase in the beta-oxidation ability as probable compensation for fatty acid metabolism in the patients" fibroblasts, and that enhanced cell proliferation and increased oxidative stress due to the PPARalpha activation relate to the development of specific clinical features such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, slight hepatomegaly, and skeletal myopathy.	Fatty Acids	193-203	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89	
34383332-7	2022	There was also a decrease in PPARgamma expression and an increase in the fatty acid catabolism gene PPARalpha, causing lipid oxidation, free fatty acid releaseas and an upsurge in IL-1, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 expression, which could be abrogated by GPR40 inhibitor.	Fatty Acids	73-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	100-109	
34785106-9	2022	Furthermore, ISL promoted fatty acid metabolism via induction in the expression of PGC-1alpha-target genes PPARalpha, CPT1alpha, and ACADs, and inhibited the ROS, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression.	Fatty Acids	26-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-116	
34127848-2	2021	PPARalpha increases cellular fatty acid uptake, esterification and trafficking, and regulates lipoprotein metabolism genes.	Fatty Acids	29-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
34664288-5	2021	Mechanism studies found that the activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway by sesamol intervention up-regulated gene and protein expressions related to fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol efflux and catabolism, thus accelerating lipid consumption and reducing intracellular lipid accumulation in the process of NAFLD.	Fatty Acids	189-199	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-92	
34867358-9	2021	Based on its effects on hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation signaling via the PPARalpha-FGF21 axis, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol isolated from A. frigida could be a useful early lead compound for developing new drugs for NAFLD prevention.	Fatty Acids	48-58	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	87-96	
34228977-8	2021	In CD, as a result of PPARalpha down-regulation, liver mitochondrial fatty acid-derived acetyl-CoA would, like glucose-derived acetyl-CoA, be used for lipid anabolism and fuel nuclear acetylation events which might trigger aralar-1 re-activation as seen in non-CD HCC.	Fatty Acids	69-79	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-31	
34687092-4	2022	Redox imbalance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion, lipogenic factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c upregulation, fatty acid oxidation-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha downregulation, low antioxidant factor Nrf2 and insulin resistance, a phenomenon that is exacerbated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis triggering an inflammatory response.	Fatty Acids	188-198	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	219-267	
34768927-3	2021	We analyzed in primary human T cells the in vitro effect of PPARbeta/delta activation on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and on their differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs).	Fatty Acids	89-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-74	
34252412-9	2021	PFOA also modified fatty acid and TG homeostasis-related gene expression in liver, in a hPPARalpha-dependent manner, but not in adipose.	Fatty Acids	19-29	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	88-98	
34480827-6	2021	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) consist of a nuclear receptor family for lipid sensing, and one of the family members PPARalpha is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, energy homeostasis and regulation of immune cell functions.	Fatty Acids	167-177	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	138-147	
34445672-0	2021	Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	51-61	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-89	
34505013-4	2021	PPARalpha activation enhanced the fatty acid beta-oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, thus promoting proliferation and differentiation of Sox9+ hepatocytes along periportal (PP)-perivenous (PV) axis.	Fatty Acids	34-44	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
34445261-5	2021	This review summarizes the recent mechanistic insights into the antidiabetic effects of the PPARbeta/delta-AMPK pathway, including the upregulation of glucose uptake, muscle remodeling, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and autophagy, as well as the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation.	Fatty Acids	195-205	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	92-100	
34298981-3	2021	Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites.	Fatty Acids	28-39	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	11-15	
34359615-5	2021	APAs displayed activation of lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid beta-oxidation regulated by PPARalpha, and glycolysis.	Fatty Acids	58-68	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	97-106	
34298981-3	2021	Endogenous PPAR ligands are fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites.	Fatty Acids	44-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	11-15	
34182904-2	2021	The roles of PPARalpha in fatty acid oxidation and PPARgamma in adipocyte differentiation and lipid storage have been widely characterized.	Fatty Acids	26-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-22	
34286232-0	2021	Programmed PPAR-alpha downregulation induces inflammaging by suppressing fatty acid catabolism in monocytes.	Fatty Acids	73-83	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	11-21	
34168538-5	2021	Combinational verification with transcriptome and gene expression analysis of different cell types revealed fatty acids-related PPAR signaling pathway and pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) as key markers of neuronal cells in response to OGD/R.	Fatty Acids	108-119	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-132	
34471048-3	2021	Recently, we have developed the "ligand-exchange soaking method," which crystallizes the recombinant PPARalpha ligand-binding domain (LBD) as a complex with intrinsic fatty acids derived from an expression host Escherichia (E.) coli and thereafter replaces them with other higher-affinity ligands by soaking.	Fatty Acids	167-178	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	101-110	
35525025-7	2022	Then, our functional experiments confirmed that these exogenous FAs subsequently activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which further facilitates lipid droplets generation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO).	Fatty Acids	208-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-138	
35525025-7	2022	Then, our functional experiments confirmed that these exogenous FAs subsequently activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), which further facilitates lipid droplets generation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO).	Fatty Acids	208-218	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	140-149	
35602098-4	2022	Silymarin induces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a fatty acid sensor, which promotes the transcription of genes that are required for the enzymes involved in lipid oxidation in hepatocytes.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-70	
35632821-11	2022	This is not surprising since PEA activates PPAR-alpha, a transcription factor that, once activated, generates a cascade of events that leads to the disruption of fatty acid droplets, thereby bringing about lipid droplet degradation through beta-oxidation.	Fatty Acids	162-172	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	43-53	
35568871-7	2022	And the effect of CSE on expression of SIRT1, SOD2, mitochondrial NOX4 (mtNOX4), fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-related protein PPARalpha and CPT1a and LF activation marker Collagen I and alpha-SMA were detected.	Fatty Acids	81-91	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	124-133	
35602098-4	2022	Silymarin induces the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a fatty acid sensor, which promotes the transcription of genes that are required for the enzymes involved in lipid oxidation in hepatocytes.	Fatty Acids	86-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-81	
35460276-9	2022	Translationally, GW6471 reduced human PPARA-driven intestinal fatty acid uptake and improved obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in PPARA-humanized, but not Ppara-null, mice.	Fatty Acids	62-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-43	
35046108-8	2022	In summary, our data revealed that acidosis could significantly trigger fatty acid synthesis to promote liver tumorigenesis by upregulating SCD1 in a PI3K/AKT activation dependent manner and simultaneously promote SCD1 binding to PPARalpha.	Fatty Acids	72-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	230-239	
35159062-5	2022	In contrast, using pre-miR-21 transfection, miR-21 overexpression decreased PPAR-alpha expression and transcriptional activity mediated by PPAR-alpha, whereas the anti-miR-21 (LNA-21) strategy increased PPAR-alpha expression, but also the expression of its targets involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	277-287	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86	
35159062-5	2022	In contrast, using pre-miR-21 transfection, miR-21 overexpression decreased PPAR-alpha expression and transcriptional activity mediated by PPAR-alpha, whereas the anti-miR-21 (LNA-21) strategy increased PPAR-alpha expression, but also the expression of its targets involved in fatty acid oxidation.	Fatty Acids	277-287	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	203-213	
35517820-3	2022	PPARalpha, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-beta/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid beta-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases.	Fatty Acids	123-133	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-9	
35396346-5	2022	In particular, ROCK2 serves as a suppressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARalpha), which rewires cellular programs to negatively control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and consequently induce podocyte apoptosis.	Fatty Acids	203-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-96	
35396346-5	2022	In particular, ROCK2 serves as a suppressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARalpha), which rewires cellular programs to negatively control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and consequently induce podocyte apoptosis.	Fatty Acids	203-213	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	98-107	
35325615-3	2022	Specifically, we find that peroxisome-proliferator-associated receptor (PPAR) signaling regulates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in an isoform-specific manner.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	27-70	
35325615-3	2022	Specifically, we find that peroxisome-proliferator-associated receptor (PPAR) signaling regulates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in an isoform-specific manner.	Fatty Acids	113-123	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-76	
34525916-5	2022	Data reported for hydroxytyrosol suggest that the activation of the hepatic PPAR-alpha-FGF21-AMPK-PGC-1alpha signaling cascade is associated with fatty acid oxidation enhancement, de novo lipogenesis diminution and recovery of mitochondrial function, a contention that is supported by the actions of several polyphenols on specific components of this signaling pathway.	Fatty Acids	146-156	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86