PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 3944656-3 1986 The major choline-containing compounds of human milk (unesterified choline, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) were measured in samples obtained from mothers of full-term infants. Choline 10-17 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 48-52 9493099-0 1998 Milk choline secretion as an indirect indicator of postruminal choline supply. Choline 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-0 1998 Milk choline secretion as an indirect indicator of postruminal choline supply. Choline 63-70 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-3 1998 Choline infusion increased milk choline secretion from 1.95 to 3.95 g/d during the 2-wk choline infusion period. Choline 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 27-31 9493099-3 1998 Choline infusion increased milk choline secretion from 1.95 to 3.95 g/d during the 2-wk choline infusion period. Choline 32-39 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 27-31 9493099-3 1998 Choline infusion increased milk choline secretion from 1.95 to 3.95 g/d during the 2-wk choline infusion period. Choline 88-95 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 27-31 9493099-5 1998 Milk choline secretion was 2.56, 3.62, 3.72, and 3.82 g/d for the respective choline treatments. Choline 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-5 1998 Milk choline secretion was 2.56, 3.62, 3.72, and 3.82 g/d for the respective choline treatments. Choline 77-84 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-7 1998 Milk choline secretion was increased from 2.12 to 2.99 g/d with the supplemental choline. Choline 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-7 1998 Milk choline secretion was increased from 2.12 to 2.99 g/d with the supplemental choline. Choline 81-88 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 9493099-8 1998 Results of these experiments demonstrated that milk choline is responsive to postruminal choline supply and can be used as a qualitative indicator of choline absorption. Choline 52-59 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 47-51 9493099-8 1998 Results of these experiments demonstrated that milk choline is responsive to postruminal choline supply and can be used as a qualitative indicator of choline absorption. Choline 89-96 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 47-51 9493099-8 1998 Results of these experiments demonstrated that milk choline is responsive to postruminal choline supply and can be used as a qualitative indicator of choline absorption. Choline 89-96 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 47-51 1880270-1 1991 Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of graded amounts of rumen-protected choline on milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cows fed 40% corn silage and 60% concentrate diets (DM basis). Choline 88-95 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 99-103 1880270-3 1991 Increasing choline had no effect on DMI and tended to increase milk yield only from 1 to 2.2 kg/d. Choline 11-18 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 63-67 1880270-4 1991 Milk fat percentage was reduced in the .078% choline treatment and increased to control levels thereafter with .156 and .234% choline. Choline 45-52 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 1880270-4 1991 Milk fat percentage was reduced in the .078% choline treatment and increased to control levels thereafter with .156 and .234% choline. Choline 126-133 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 1880270-8 1991 Increasing dietary choline to .24% linearly increased milk yield 2.6 kg/d, although it had no consistent effects on milk fat or protein percentage. Choline 19-26 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 54-58 1880270-9 1991 There was only a slight tendency for greater responses in milk yield to dietary choline with lower dietary CP. Choline 80-87 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 58-62 1880270-10 1991 Data from these experiments confirm earlier results with postruminal choline infusions, suggesting that choline may be a limiting nutrient for milk production. Choline 104-111 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 143-147 3944656-0 1986 Choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in human and bovine milk and infant formulas. Choline 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 67-71 3944656-3 1986 The major choline-containing compounds of human milk (unesterified choline, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin) were measured in samples obtained from mothers of full-term infants. Choline 67-74 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 48-52 3944656-9 1986 Milk contained no phospholipase activity capable of forming free choline from phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Choline 65-72 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 31426430-2 2019 Supplementation of rumen-protected choline (RPC) has attracted major research efforts during the last decade, assuming that choline improves liver function by increasing very low-density lipoprotein exportation from the liver, thereby improving metabolic profiles, milk production, and reproduction. Choline 35-42 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 265-269 25157578-0 2014 Choline and choline metabolite patterns and associations in blood and milk during lactation in dairy cows. Choline 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 70-74 25157578-0 2014 Choline and choline metabolite patterns and associations in blood and milk during lactation in dairy cows. Choline 12-19 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 70-74 25157578-1 2014 Milk and dairy products are an important source of choline, a nutrient essential for human health. Choline 51-58 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 25157578-2 2014 Infant formula derived from bovine milk contains a number of metabolic forms of choline, all contribute to the growth and development of the newborn. Choline 80-87 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 35-39 25157578-3 2014 At present, little is known about the factors that influence the concentrations of choline metabolites in milk. Choline 83-90 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 106-110 25157578-4 2014 The objectives of this study were to characterize and then evaluate associations for choline and its metabolites in blood and milk through the first 37 weeks of lactation in the dairy cow. Choline 85-92 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 126-130 21787937-12 2011 We found that choline supplementation increased DM intake from 14.4 to 16.0 kg/d and, hence, net energy intake from 98.2 to 109.1 MJ/d at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 day in milk (DIM), but the effect of choline on milk protein yield gradually decreased during the course of the study. Choline 14-21 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 187-191 21787937-12 2011 We found that choline supplementation increased DM intake from 14.4 to 16.0 kg/d and, hence, net energy intake from 98.2 to 109.1 MJ/d at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 day in milk (DIM), but the effect of choline on milk protein yield gradually decreased during the course of the study. Choline 14-21 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 228-232 21787937-12 2011 We found that choline supplementation increased DM intake from 14.4 to 16.0 kg/d and, hence, net energy intake from 98.2 to 109.1 MJ/d at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 day in milk (DIM), but the effect of choline on milk protein yield gradually decreased during the course of the study. Choline 217-224 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 187-191 21787937-14 2011 Milk protein yield was increased from 1.13 to 1.26 kg/d at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 DIM, but the effect of choline on milk protein yield gradually decreased during the course of the study. Choline 124-131 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 135-139 21787937-15 2011 Choline supplementation was associated with decreased milk fat concentration at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 DIM, but the effect of choline on milk fat concentration gradually decreased as lactation progressed. Choline 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 54-58 21787937-15 2011 Choline supplementation was associated with decreased milk fat concentration at the intercept of the lactation curve at 1 DIM, but the effect of choline on milk fat concentration gradually decreased as lactation progressed. Choline 145-152 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 156-160 22444010-0 2008 Effects of rumen-protected choline supplementation on milk production and choline supply of periparturient dairy cows. Choline 27-34 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 54-58 22444010-8 2008 Milk yield was 4.4 kg higher for the group of cows receiving supplementary choline during the 60 days experimental period and 4% fat-corrected milk production was also increased by 2.5 kg/day. Choline 75-82 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 22444010-11 2008 Milk choline content increased in both groups after calving as the lactating period advanced. Choline 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 22444010-12 2008 However, milk choline content and choline yield were significantly higher in the RPC group than in the control group. Choline 14-21 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 9-13 22444010-13 2008 The improved milk choline and choline yield provide evidence that some of the applied RPC escaped ruminal degradation, was absorbed from the small intestine and improved the choline supply of the cows and contributed to the changes of production variables. Choline 18-25 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 13-17