PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 8547187-4 1995 The stimulating influence of ACTH on cholesterol transport is inhibited by cytochalasins, by monospecific anti-actin and by DNase I demonstrating that the steroidogenic cell must possess a pool of monomeric actin available for polymerization to F actin if it is to respond to ACTH and cyclic AMP. Cholesterol 37-48 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 29-33 8547187-4 1995 The stimulating influence of ACTH on cholesterol transport is inhibited by cytochalasins, by monospecific anti-actin and by DNase I demonstrating that the steroidogenic cell must possess a pool of monomeric actin available for polymerization to F actin if it is to respond to ACTH and cyclic AMP. Cholesterol 37-48 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 276-280 1966691-6 1990 Serum cholesterol was the most markedly elevated in the adult animals belonging to the group ACTH + D2 + Al, form DAlc. Cholesterol 6-17 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 93-97 7577721-12 1995 These results indicate that exposure of ovine adrenocortical cells to glucocorticoids or ACTH enhances their steroidogenic potency not only by increasing the amount of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis but also by enhancing some step(s) involved in the transformation of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Cholesterol 168-179 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 89-93 7577721-12 1995 These results indicate that exposure of ovine adrenocortical cells to glucocorticoids or ACTH enhances their steroidogenic potency not only by increasing the amount of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis but also by enhancing some step(s) involved in the transformation of cholesterol into pregnenolone. Cholesterol 279-290 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 89-93 22217838-2 1992 Upon binding to its cell surface receptor ACTH activates adenylate cyclase leading to elevated levels of intracellular cAMP which in turn enhances transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the conversion of cholesterol to the steroid hormones. Cholesterol 225-236 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 42-46 3436298-4 1987 In the presence of 10(-7) M adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), the addition of either LDL or HDL to the culture medium at a cholesterol concentration of 100 micrograms/ml led to a significant increase in the daily secretion rates of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and aldosterone in the adenoma and nodular hyperplasia cells, as in the normal cells. Cholesterol 117-128 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 49-53 2544400-10 1989 In this respect, since the adrenal free cholesterol content was increased in groups treated with ACTH-aminoglutethimide, we postulate that free cholesterol could be one of the important components involved in the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase gene transcription. Cholesterol 40-51 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 97-101 2544400-10 1989 In this respect, since the adrenal free cholesterol content was increased in groups treated with ACTH-aminoglutethimide, we postulate that free cholesterol could be one of the important components involved in the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase gene transcription. Cholesterol 144-155 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 97-101 2544400-11 1989 As for the ACTH-cycloheximide-treated groups, the adrenal free cholesterol content was also increased, but the effect of ACTH on the reductase mRNA level was not prevented, presumably because this drug blocked the synthesis of a putative sterol regulatory protein that is required to repress HMG-CoA reductase gene transcription. Cholesterol 63-74 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 11-15 6100249-2 1984 The acute action of ACTH involves the mobilization of cholesterol and its binding to cytochrome P-450scc. Cholesterol 54-65 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 20-24 3034954-2 1987 We used human fetal adrenal cells to investigate the long term effect of physiological doses of ACTH on mRNAs for P450scc (the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) and P450c17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase). Cholesterol 127-138 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 96-100 3023427-6 1987 After ACTH treatment, increased accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a rate-determining enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, was found. Cholesterol 126-137 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 6-10 3005757-2 1986 During high dose etomidate we found inhibition of both 11 beta-hydroxylase and cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme with unresponsiveness of progesterone, 17 alpha OH-progesterone and 11-deoxycortisol to stimulation with ACTH. Cholesterol 79-90 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 223-227 3026781-2 1987 Increasing concentrations of membrane cholesterol (C/P) were associated with an increase in the number of ACTH receptors and, hence, production of cAMP and steroids without affecting the nature of binding (Kd) of ACTH to its receptor. Cholesterol 38-49 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 106-110 3026781-3 1987 Binding studies revealed spare ACTH receptors at all concentrations of membrane cholesterol. Cholesterol 80-91 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 31-35 3040299-5 1986 These results suggest that patients with FH lack cholesterol for corticosteroid biosynthesis under maximal ACTH stimulation and that mild chronic ACTH stimulation due to a deficit in the cholesterol supply to adrenal cells might increase the conversion of delta 5 to delta 4-steroids. Cholesterol 187-198 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 146-150 6100249-4 1984 Evidence is presented that cholesterol may have a role to play in this regulatory process as it does in the short-term action of ACTH, consistent with the concept that substrates of specific forms of cytochrome P-450 are frequently able to regulate the synthesis of these specific forms. Cholesterol 27-38 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 129-133 6100256-1 1984 A rate-determining step in the cAMP-dependent action of ACTH on adrenal steroid biosynthesis is the interaction of cholesterol substrate with the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 in the mitochondrion. Cholesterol 115-126 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 56-60 6100256-1 1984 A rate-determining step in the cAMP-dependent action of ACTH on adrenal steroid biosynthesis is the interaction of cholesterol substrate with the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 in the mitochondrion. Cholesterol 146-157 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 56-60 6280982-6 1982 When separated zones of HFA tissue were maintained in culture in the presence or absence of ACTH, the rates of de novo synthesis, as determined by the rate of incorporation of tritium from [3H]water into cholesterol, were stimulated to a similar extent by ACTH in both fetal zone and neocortex tissues. Cholesterol 204-215 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 92-96 6313163-3 1983 In the first part of the review, the acute action of ACTH will be discussed with emphasis on present hypotheses as to the roles of calcium, phospholipids, sterol carrier proteins, and a "labile protein" activator of cholesterol side-chain cleavage. Cholesterol 216-227 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 53-57 6313163-4 1983 The presumptive role of these factors to increase the binding of cholesterol to the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme will be discussed in the light of the concept that such binding is the step in steroidogenesis which is activated during the acute response of the adrenal cell to ACTH. Cholesterol 65-76 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 300-304 6313163-4 1983 The presumptive role of these factors to increase the binding of cholesterol to the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme will be discussed in the light of the concept that such binding is the step in steroidogenesis which is activated during the acute response of the adrenal cell to ACTH. Cholesterol 98-109 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 300-304 6283000-4 1982 These results provide in vivo evidence to support the view that plasma LDLs serve as an important source of cholesterol for adrenal corticosteroid synthesis during prolonged stimulation with ACTH but show that a total absence of LDL does not impair adrenal steroidogenesis in the basal state. Cholesterol 108-119 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 191-195 6288518-5 1982 The existence of an impairment in adrenal function after cyproterone acetate plus ethynyl estradiol therapy at the given dose seems to be evident only in the case of directly ACTH-dependent adrenal enzymatic activities responsible for cholesterol cleavage to pregnenolone. Cholesterol 235-246 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 175-179 6264282-0 1981 ACTH stimulation on cholesterol side chain cleavage activity of adrenocortical mitochondria. Cholesterol 20-31 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-4 6264282-2 1981 Adrenocortical mitochondrial cholesterol side chain cleavage reactions are regulated by the influence of pituitary ACTH. Cholesterol 29-40 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 115-119 6257561-0 1981 [Effect of iodinated, hypocholesteremic preparations, and ACTH on incorporation of labeled cholesterol into the adrenal glands]. Cholesterol 91-102 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 58-62 6268397-6 1981 Presumably, the action of ACTH causes an increase in the activity of cholesterol side chain cleavage, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones. Cholesterol 69-80 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 26-30 6268397-6 1981 Presumably, the action of ACTH causes an increase in the activity of cholesterol side chain cleavage, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones. Cholesterol 146-157 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 26-30 6268397-7 1981 We suggest that once the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage system is fully activated by ACTH, the supply of cholesterol to the mitochondria becomes rate-limiting for steroidogenesis. Cholesterol 39-50 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 100-104 6268397-7 1981 We suggest that once the mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage system is fully activated by ACTH, the supply of cholesterol to the mitochondria becomes rate-limiting for steroidogenesis. Cholesterol 120-131 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 100-104 6268397-8 1981 To meet this demand for cholesterol, a further action of ACTH results in an increase in the number of LDL receptors. Cholesterol 24-35 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 57-61 6268397-13 1981 In addition, ACTH stimulates the activity of HMG CoA reductase and, thus, the rate of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. Cholesterol 94-105 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-17 6280982-8 1982 In summary, fetal zone tissues of the HFA gland have a larger number of LDL-binding sites and higher rates of de novo synthesis of cholesterol than do neocortex tissues, and ACTH stimulates LDL binding and de novo synthesis of cholesterol in both zones of the HFA gland. Cholesterol 227-238 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 174-178 27242666-4 2016 Both acute and chronic ACTH treatments can modulate SR-B1 function, including its transcription, posttranscriptional stability, phosphorylation and dimerization status, as well as the interaction with other protein partners, all of which result in changes in the ability of SR-B1 to mediate HDL-CE uptake and the supply of cholesterol for conversion to steroids. Cholesterol 323-334 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 23-27 1262443-3 1976 The inhibition of cholesterol cleavage by metyrapone (26 and 62%, at 0.1 and 1.0 mM concentrations, respectively) was also demonstrable in adrenal mitochondria from a patient with hypercorticism resulting from an ACTH-independent adrenal adenoman (AA). Cholesterol 18-29 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 213-217 1262443-6 1976 Since ACTH has a major stimulatory effect on cholesterol cleavage but not on 11beta-hydroxylation, the outcome of metyrapone administration is thus determined by whether a change in ACTH level ensues: while 11beta-hydroxylation is inhibited by metyrapone under any circumstances, total steroid output rises when a compensatory ACTH increase overcomes metyrapone inhibition of cholesterol conversion into pregnenolone and falls when metyrapone inhibition of this reaction is unopposed. Cholesterol 45-56 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 6-10 166732-2 1975 Treating chicks, from 1 d or 5 weeks of age with ACTH three times weekly for 3 weeks depresses growth and causes adrenal hypertrophy at dose rates of 30 IU/kg or more, and depletion of adrenal cholesterol (greater than 10 IU/kg). Cholesterol 193-204 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 49-53 178853-0 1975 HCG + ACTH stimulation of in vitro dehydroepiandrosterone production in human fetal adrenals from precursor cholesterol and delta5-pregnenolone. Cholesterol 108-119 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 6-10 4373892-0 1974 Observations on the influence of ACTH on adrenal cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol 49-60 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 33-37 4375424-0 1973 Cholesterol metabolism in the adrenal cortex: studies on the mode of action of ACTH. Cholesterol 0-11 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 79-83 4338119-11 1972 The equilibration of plasma and adrenal cholesterol can proceed unmodified under conditions of ACTH suppression. Cholesterol 40-51 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 95-99 13212222-0 1954 Simultaneous administration of cortical steroids and ACTH; the effect on adrenal weight and cholesterol concentration. Cholesterol 92-103 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 53-57 30817990-2 2019 The molecular basis of adrenal resistance to ACTH includes defects in ligand binding, MC2R/MRAP receptor trafficking, cellular redox balance, cholesterol synthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. Cholesterol 142-153 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 45-49 221527-6 1979 On the basis of these findings, it is concluded (1) that the human fetal adrenal can synthesize steroid hormones de novo from cholesterol, (2) that ACTH is an important stimulant of steroidogenesis by the human fetal adrenal, and (3) that plasma lipoproteins are a major source of the cholesterol utilized by the human fetal adrenal for steroidogenesis. Cholesterol 126-137 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 148-152 221527-6 1979 On the basis of these findings, it is concluded (1) that the human fetal adrenal can synthesize steroid hormones de novo from cholesterol, (2) that ACTH is an important stimulant of steroidogenesis by the human fetal adrenal, and (3) that plasma lipoproteins are a major source of the cholesterol utilized by the human fetal adrenal for steroidogenesis. Cholesterol 285-296 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 148-152 220040-4 1979 The characteristic features observed in ACTH-unresponsive adenoma were the largest amount of the basal corticosteroids production and esterified cholesterol content, and the lowest content cAMP. Cholesterol 145-156 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 40-44 215475-2 1978 Greater production of pregnenolone from endogenous cholesterol was observed (after washing to remove aminoglutethimide) in mitochondria from cells incubated with aminoglutethimide and ACTH than in those from cells incubated with aminoglutethimide alone. Cholesterol 51-62 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 184-188 4365000-0 1974 [The role of ACTH in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the adrenal cortex]. Cholesterol 39-50 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-17 4309323-0 1968 [The effect of ACTH on cholesterol metabolism and blood proteins]. Cholesterol 23-34 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 15-19 4286484-0 1965 [The effect of ACTH and adrenaline on changes in the cholesterol content of the blood in different functional states of the thyroid gland]. Cholesterol 53-64 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 15-19 12989254-0 1952 [Modifications induced by ACTH in experimental atheroma produced by cholesterin]. Cholesterol 68-79 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 26-30 25905342-11 2000 Type 1 familial glucocorticoid deficiency is the result of mutations of the MC2 receptor itself.ACTH stimulates cortisol synthesis and secretion by regulating multiple steps in the steroidogenetic pathway including an increase of the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and the cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol converting it to pregnenolone, the first and rate-limiting step in cortisol production. Cholesterol 322-333 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 96-100 29541701-7 2018 Improvement in the male patient"s hypothyroid symptoms, including afternoon fatigue, constipation, alopecia, dry skin and high cholesterol, was documented after initiating thyroid hormone replacement.ACTH stimulation resulted in an average decrease of 17% in TSH between time 0 and 60 minutes post stimulation. Cholesterol 127-138 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 200-204 22549400-7 2012 Cortisol and ACTH responses to the Dex/CRH test were negatively associated with measures of central adiposity (p<0.001) and blood pressure (p<0.01), and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (p<0.01). Cholesterol 190-201 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-17 25923461-7 2015 In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). Cholesterol 131-142 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-17 25923461-7 2015 In children, POMC rs28932472(C) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001), higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.014), and higher risk in overweight children of altered total cholesterol (OR=7.35, P=0.006). Cholesterol 210-221 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 13-17 22781364-10 2012 Cortisol increases < 250 mM in exogenous ACTH were associated with relatively low baseline (HDL-) cholesterol, and high endogenous ACTH with low cortisol/ACTH ratio, independent of etomidate. Cholesterol 101-112 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 44-48 26038201-1 2015 Adrenal steroidogenesis is a dynamic process, reliant on de novo synthesis from cholesterol, under the stimulation of ACTH and other regulators. Cholesterol 80-91 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 118-122 19485904-4 2010 Previous reports suggested an important role of ACTH and cortisol in the modulation of atherosclerotic plaque progression by removal of excess free cholesterol from macrophages. Cholesterol 148-159 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 48-52 19828468-9 2010 Inhibition of hepatic MENK expression by cholesterol-conjugated antisense S-oligodeoxynucleotide increased liver metastasis of CRC cells even when the cells did not express CD10. Cholesterol 41-52 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-26 15222631-1 2004 In humans, treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has well-documented plasma cholesterol lowering and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering effects. Cholesterol 89-100 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 56-60 16306078-1 2006 In the human adrenal cortex, ACTH activates steroid hormone biosynthesis by acutely increasing cholesterol delivery to the mitochondrion and chronically increasing the transcription of steroidogenic genes (including CYP17) via a cAMP-dependent pathway. Cholesterol 95-106 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 29-33 15748889-1 2005 Y1 adrenocortical cells respond to ACTH with a characteristic rounding-up that facilitates cAMP signaling, critical for transport of cholesterol to the mitochondria and increase in steroid secretion. Cholesterol 133-144 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 35-39 18713819-10 2008 ACTH, Ang II, and forskolin also increased expression of mRNA, encoding all enzymes needed for cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis, namely steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol side-chain cleavage, cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase-17, 20-lyase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II, 21-hydroxylase, 11beta-hydroxylase, and 11beta-aldosterone synthase. Cholesterol 181-192 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-4 16839559-4 2007 As expected, fasting plasma levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (-25%) and ApoB (-17%) decreased after ACTH, but not after betamethasone administration. Cholesterol 69-80 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 120-124 15998354-7 2005 ACTH treatment at the dose of 1.0 mg daily lowered the serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B by 28% and 22%, respectively, which is similar to previous observations. Cholesterol 109-120 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-4 15998354-11 2005 During the ACTH administration at four-days intervals, the serum concentrations of LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B reached the lowest values at 48 hr after an injection, remained there at 72 hr but were rising again at 96 hr. Cholesterol 87-98 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 11-15 15222631-5 2004 Surprisingly, the total cholesterol level and LDL-cholesterol level were increased in plasma after ACTH administration, displaying an opposite effect of ACTH in humans. Cholesterol 24-35 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 99-103 15222631-5 2004 Surprisingly, the total cholesterol level and LDL-cholesterol level were increased in plasma after ACTH administration, displaying an opposite effect of ACTH in humans. Cholesterol 50-61 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 99-103 11514556-10 2001 In conclusion, ACTH directly and selectively down-regulated the production and secretion of apoB in HepG2 cell cultures, suggesting that a principal mechanism behind the cholesterol-lowering effect of ACTH in vivo may be a decreased production rate of apoB-containing lipoproteins from the liver. Cholesterol 170-181 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 15-19 11514556-10 2001 In conclusion, ACTH directly and selectively down-regulated the production and secretion of apoB in HepG2 cell cultures, suggesting that a principal mechanism behind the cholesterol-lowering effect of ACTH in vivo may be a decreased production rate of apoB-containing lipoproteins from the liver. Cholesterol 170-181 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 201-205 11502818-9 2001 Because P450scc is normally a slow and inefficient enzyme, we propose that P450scc haploinsufficiency results in subnormal responses to ACTH, so that recurrent ACTH stimulation leads to a slow accumulation of adrenal cholesterol, eventually causing cellular damage. Cholesterol 217-228 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 160-164 11465344-1 2001 Treatment with adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) has a well-documented cholesterol-lowering effect. Cholesterol 73-84 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 45-49 11465344-9 2001 Since apo E binds strongly to the LDL receptor, the present results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of ACTH may be mediated by facilitated hepatic uptake of apo E-enriched apo B-containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol 85-96 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 116-120 8840283-5 1996 Treatment with ACTH led to 20 to 50% reductions in serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Apo B as well as of Lp(a). Cholesterol 90-101 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 15-19 8840283-5 1996 Treatment with ACTH led to 20 to 50% reductions in serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and Apo B as well as of Lp(a). Cholesterol 107-118 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 15-19