PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 29463559-8 2018 Prior treatment of a responder PDX with 5-FU increased expression of thymidylate synthase and decreased efficacy of capecitabine. Fluorouracil 40-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 30510364-2 2018 5-FU acts by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), and high levels of TS correlate with resistance to treatment with fluoropyrimidines. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-44 30510364-2 2018 5-FU acts by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), and high levels of TS correlate with resistance to treatment with fluoropyrimidines. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-48 30510364-3 2018 The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TS in GC patients, and its relation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 177-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 30510364-12 2018 In survival analysis, TS-high was associated with worse disease-free survival (DFS) in stage III GC patients who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy (P=0.007). Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 30013790-0 2018 Uridine triacetate for severe 5-fluorouracil toxicity in a patient with thymidylate synthase gene variation: Potential pharmacogenomic implications. Fluorouracil 30-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-92 30013790-3 2018 Genetic variations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase genes have been shown to increase the risk of 5-fluorouracil toxicity. Fluorouracil 129-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-82 29977534-0 2018 Thymidylate synthase expression in primary colorectal cancer as a predictive marker for the response to 5-fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy for liver metastases. Fluorouracil 104-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 29414586-3 2018 However, it also plays an active role in cancer treatment, through its contribution in the conversion of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to an irreversible inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS), responsible of the inhibition of the DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 126-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 180-200 28899623-0 2018 TYMS Gene Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving 5-Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 60-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 29414586-3 2018 However, it also plays an active role in cancer treatment, through its contribution in the conversion of the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to an irreversible inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS), responsible of the inhibition of the DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 142-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 180-200 29568368-0 2018 Trifluridine/tipiracil overcomes the resistance of human gastric 5-fluorouracil-refractory cells with high thymidylate synthase expression. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 29479997-1 2018 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and is associatedwith resistance of tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 29479997-1 2018 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and is associatedwith resistance of tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 29016350-9 2018 METase supplementation promoted the inhibition effect of 5-Fu on thymidylate synthetase (TS), as well as cell apoptosis. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-87 29117941-1 2018 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors including fluoropyrimidines [e.g., 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU, floxuridine)] and antifolates (e.g., pemetrexed) are widely used against solid tumors. Fluorouracil 72-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 29318904-0 2018 Thymidylate synthase: a predictive biomarker in resected colorectal liver metastases receiving 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 95-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 29318904-8 2018 CONCLUSION: TS appears to be a clinically relevant predictive biomarker in patients with resected CRLM receiving systemic 5-FU. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-14 28713155-6 2017 In 5-FU-treated HCC cells, hypoxia reduced the levels of basal thymidylate synthase (TS) and functional TS, leading to decreased dTMP synthesis and DNA replication. Fluorouracil 3-7 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 29794421-13 2018 Notably, cobimetinib appeared to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by decreasing TYMS expression, high expression of which is responsible for 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-97 29794421-13 2018 Notably, cobimetinib appeared to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by decreasing TYMS expression, high expression of which is responsible for 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-97 29794421-13 2018 Notably, cobimetinib appeared to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by decreasing TYMS expression, high expression of which is responsible for 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-97 28722177-4 2018 We show that this is due to global alterations in nucleotide metabolism, including elevated expression of thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase 1 (established 5-FU resistance mechanisms), which likely result in an increase in intracellular dTTP pools and a "dilution" of 5-FU anabolites. Fluorouracil 163-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-126 28722177-4 2018 We show that this is due to global alterations in nucleotide metabolism, including elevated expression of thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase 1 (established 5-FU resistance mechanisms), which likely result in an increase in intracellular dTTP pools and a "dilution" of 5-FU anabolites. Fluorouracil 275-279 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-126 29373881-0 2017 The Impact of Thymidylate Synthase and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genotypes on Sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil Treatment in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 29373881-2 2017 Given the known relationship between thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) activity and 5-FU metabolism, this study investigated the impact of selected functional polymorphisms of the TS and MTHFR genes on chemotherapy resistance in 5 human CRC cell lines. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 59-61 30082548-2 2017 Earlier studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) can significantly resensitize resistant colon cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by downregulating thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 134-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 158-178 28927061-1 2017 The mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) resistance was investigated, focusing on the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) ternary complex formed with fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 17-31 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-112 28927061-1 2017 The mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) resistance was investigated, focusing on the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) ternary complex formed with fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 17-31 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 29137332-0 2017 Long noncoding RNA XIST is a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer and inhibits 5-fluorouracil-induced cell cytotoxicity through promoting thymidylate synthase expression. Fluorouracil 81-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 140-160 28977993-4 2017 Here we show that tumoroid cultures from a CRC patient are highly sensitive to the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (adrucil) but less sensitive to the combination of nucleoside analog trifluridine and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor tipiracil (Lonsurf). Fluorouracil 114-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 83-103 28109077-6 2017 In contrast, the sequential combination of both folinate salts and 5-FU was antagonistic at 24 and 72 h. The simultaneous combination of 5-FU and NaLV or CaLV inhibited TYMS gene expression at 24 h, whereas the sequential combination reduced SLC19A1 gene expression. Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 169-173 28109077-6 2017 In contrast, the sequential combination of both folinate salts and 5-FU was antagonistic at 24 and 72 h. The simultaneous combination of 5-FU and NaLV or CaLV inhibited TYMS gene expression at 24 h, whereas the sequential combination reduced SLC19A1 gene expression. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 169-173 28977993-4 2017 Here we show that tumoroid cultures from a CRC patient are highly sensitive to the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (adrucil) but less sensitive to the combination of nucleoside analog trifluridine and thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor tipiracil (Lonsurf). Fluorouracil 130-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 83-103 27838412-4 2017 However, expression of intratumor thymidylate synthase (TS), a significant gene in cellular proliferation, is associated with poor outcome to 5-FU-based chemotherapeutic regimens. Fluorouracil 142-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-54 27187663-4 2017 However, 5-FU, but not MTX, lowered the presence of DHFR-TS complex in the nucleus by 2.5-fold. Fluorouracil 9-13 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 29324220-2 2017 The main mechanisms of 5-FU action are thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition which can be abrogated by thymidine and strengthened by calciumfolinate (CF) and incorporation of fluorouridinetriphosphate into RNA which can be abrogated by uridine. Fluorouracil 23-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-59 28222070-11 2017 This was mediated by reduced expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which further inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), the critical determinant of 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 204-208 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 147-167 28222070-11 2017 This was mediated by reduced expression of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which further inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), the critical determinant of 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 204-208 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 169-173 27009482-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the major target for fluoropyrimidine drugs like 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 27009482-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the major target for fluoropyrimidine drugs like 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 28521444-0 2017 MicroRNA-330 inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer by directly targeting thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 75-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-153 28521444-8 2017 Knockdown of TYMS inhibited CRC cell proliferation, and enhanced cell chemosensitivity to 5-FU by promoting cell apoptosis. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-17 28521444-9 2017 In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that miR-330 targeted TYMS to inhibit the proliferation and enhance the chemosensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by promoting cell apoptosis. Fluorouracil 163-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-84 28352348-10 2017 5-FU+GA further decreased P53, survivin and TS mRNA and protein levels in the two CRC cell lines compared with single drugs, whereas increased P53 protein levels were observed in HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 27821793-1 2017 PURPOSE: Tumor levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, have been studied as a predictive or prognostic biomarker with mixed results. Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 27821793-1 2017 PURPOSE: Tumor levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, have been studied as a predictive or prognostic biomarker with mixed results. Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-49 27821793-1 2017 PURPOSE: Tumor levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, have been studied as a predictive or prognostic biomarker with mixed results. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 27821793-1 2017 PURPOSE: Tumor levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, have been studied as a predictive or prognostic biomarker with mixed results. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-49 28027897-0 2017 Relevance of dihydropyrimidine-dehydrogenase and thymidylate-synthase in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-69 27929535-7 2016 Dual inhibition with BPTES and thymidylate synthase inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), elicits cell death synergistically through cell cycle arrest in NSCLC. Fluorouracil 63-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 27929535-7 2016 Dual inhibition with BPTES and thymidylate synthase inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), elicits cell death synergistically through cell cycle arrest in NSCLC. Fluorouracil 79-83 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 27798882-13 2016 CONCLUSION: The synergistic effect of vandetanib with 5-FU is related to vandetanib-induced reduction of TYMS via down-regulation of cyclin D1. Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 105-109 27906628-0 2016 Role of genomic factors beyond thymidylate synthase in the prediction of response to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 85-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 27569869-5 2016 In addition, variants in genes of the 5-FU metabolic pathway, including TYMS, MTHFR and DPYD also influenced capecitabine efficacy and toxicity. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-76 27423551-4 2016 Genetic polymorphisms affect the activity of thymidylate synthase, an enzyme involved in 5-Fluorouracil metabolism, which may account for observed differences in response to neoadjuvant treatment between patients. Fluorouracil 89-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 27423551-12 2016 RESULTS: Patients with at least 1 thymidylate synthase 3G allele were more likely to have a complete or partial pathologic response to 5-Fluorouracil neoadjuvant therapy (odds ratio 10.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-81.6; P = .01) than those without at least one 3G allele. Fluorouracil 135-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-54 27138786-13 2016 TS mRNA expression showed potentially predictive value in 5-fluorouracil treatment, and personalized treatment based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics proved to be clinically beneficial and is worthy of further clinical studies. Fluorouracil 58-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 27637357-3 2016 In the treatment of cancer with 5-fluorouracil, the administration of folates mechanistically leads to the formation of [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate, and the increased concentration of this molecule leads to stabilization of the ternary complex comprising thymidylate synthase, 2"-deoxy-uridine-5"-monophosphate, and [6R]-5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 32-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 264-284 26831819-0 2016 E2F1/TS Immunophenotype and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with 5FU-Based Adjuvant Therapy. Fluorouracil 85-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-7 27774364-0 2016 Pancytopenia and Severe Gastrointestinal Toxicities Associated with 5-Fluorouracil in a Patient with Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS) Polymorphism. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-121 27774364-0 2016 Pancytopenia and Severe Gastrointestinal Toxicities Associated with 5-Fluorouracil in a Patient with Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS) Polymorphism. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-127 27774364-10 2016 Our case report further underlines the fact that TYMS polymorphism not only predicts response to 5-FU by relating to intratumoral-TYMS mRNA expression but also the toxicity in these patients receiving fluoropyrimidines. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-53 27774364-10 2016 Our case report further underlines the fact that TYMS polymorphism not only predicts response to 5-FU by relating to intratumoral-TYMS mRNA expression but also the toxicity in these patients receiving fluoropyrimidines. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-134 27774364-11 2016 In brief, TYMS genotype variations present a dilemma in 5-FU-driven cancer therapy- overexpression leads to decreased drug sensitivity and poor prognosis, while underexpression leads to the manifestation of toxic drug effects that may halt therapy altogether. Fluorouracil 56-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 10-14 27752409-0 2016 The First Case of Severe Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Associated with 5-Fluorouracil in a Patient with Abnormalities of Both Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPYD) and Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS) Genes. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 164-184 27752409-0 2016 The First Case of Severe Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Associated with 5-Fluorouracil in a Patient with Abnormalities of Both Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPYD) and Thymidylate Synthase (TYMS) Genes. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 186-190 27752409-12 2016 In this paper, we describe the first case of cardiomyopathy related to DPD deficiency and homozygous polymorphism of TYMS in a patient with colon cancer following 5-FU containing regimen. Fluorouracil 163-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-121 27517750-1 2016 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdU, floxuridine) is active against multiple cancers through the inhibition of thymidylate synthase, which consequently introduces uracil and 5-FU incorporation into the genome. Fluorouracil 166-170 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-123 27338638-4 2016 By testing the synergistic effects of conventional therapeutics, BPTES combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an irreversible inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, significant effects were observed on cell growth arrest in NSCLC. Fluorouracil 85-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 27338638-4 2016 By testing the synergistic effects of conventional therapeutics, BPTES combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an irreversible inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, significant effects were observed on cell growth arrest in NSCLC. Fluorouracil 101-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 27685916-0 2016 Thymidylate synthase polymorphism in Mexican patients with colon cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 85-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 26831819-3 2016 The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between expression of both E2F1 and TS in CRCs and survival of patients administered adjuvant 5FU-based chemotherapy, in order to find a better predictor of treatment outcome than expression of TS or E2F1 alone. Fluorouracil 149-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-93 26831819-8 2016 The E2F1+TS+ immunophenotype may be a marker of poor prognosis (the worst DFS and OS) of patients with colon cancer treated with 5FU-based adjuvant therapy. Fluorouracil 129-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-11 27141384-1 2016 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a tumor-associated enzyme critical for DNA replication and main 5"-fluorouracil (5"-FU) target. Fluorouracil 93-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 27274438-7 2016 We examined the protein levels of 5-FU metabolism-related enzymes (TS, DPD, OPRT, and thymidine phosphorylase [TP]) in 14 cases RESULTS: High TS, DPD, OPRT, and TP expressions were seen in 28.6%, 71.4%, 85.7%, and 35.7% of patients, respectively. Fluorouracil 34-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-69 27274438-7 2016 We examined the protein levels of 5-FU metabolism-related enzymes (TS, DPD, OPRT, and thymidine phosphorylase [TP]) in 14 cases RESULTS: High TS, DPD, OPRT, and TP expressions were seen in 28.6%, 71.4%, 85.7%, and 35.7% of patients, respectively. Fluorouracil 34-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-135 27027355-0 2016 5-Fluorouracil targets thymidylate synthase in the selective suppression of TH17 cell differentiation. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 23-43 27027355-2 2016 We found that low dose 5-FU selectively suppresses TH17 and TH1 cell differentiation without apparent effect on Treg, TH2, and significantly suppresses thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in TH17 and TH1 cells but has a lesser effect in tumor cells and macrophages. Fluorouracil 23-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-172 27141384-1 2016 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a tumor-associated enzyme critical for DNA replication and main 5"-fluorouracil (5"-FU) target. Fluorouracil 110-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 30263026-2 2015 5-Fluorouracil, an anticancer agent clinically used against various cancers, including prostate cancer, inhibits DNA synthesis by binding TS. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 138-140 26142736-3 2015 As a target of 5-FU, thymidylate synthase (TS) expression level might be influenced by irinotecan. Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 26108995-0 2015 Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 61-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-142 26108995-7 2015 Our results indicate that SAHA and 5-FU act synergistically to inhibit cell growth and tumorigenicity in HCC via the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis through a mechanism involving the inhibition of thymidylate synthase, suggesting that combination treatment with 5-FU and SAHA may be beneficial for the treatment of inoperable HCC. Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 210-230 26142736-3 2015 As a target of 5-FU, thymidylate synthase (TS) expression level might be influenced by irinotecan. Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 26055341-0 2015 MicroRNA-197 influences 5-fluorouracil resistance via thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 24-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-74 26428513-5 2015 While both FTD and 5-FU inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS), a central enzyme in DNA synthesis, sufficient TS inhibition by FTD requires continuous infusion; therefore, it is not considered a clinically relevant mechanism with oral dosing. Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-52 26428513-5 2015 While both FTD and 5-FU inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS), a central enzyme in DNA synthesis, sufficient TS inhibition by FTD requires continuous infusion; therefore, it is not considered a clinically relevant mechanism with oral dosing. Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-56 26208739-0 2015 Gossypol sensitizes the antitumor activity of 5-FU through down-regulation of thymidylate synthase in human colon carcinoma cells. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 26416450-0 2015 Acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil via HSP90/Src-mediated increase in thymidylate synthase expression in colon cancer. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-93 26416450-2 2015 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) has been reported to be associated with the resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 104-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 26416450-2 2015 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) has been reported to be associated with the resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 104-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-44 26416450-5 2015 HCT116/R, a HCT116 colon cancer cell subline carrying acquired resistance to 5-FU, showed increased expression and activation of HSP90"s client proteins and transcriptional up-regulation of TYMS. Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 190-194 26722420-0 2015 Correlations between expression levels of thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 141-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-62 26722420-6 2015 Therefore, TS, TP, and DPD mRNA levels appear to be suitable indicators of the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy and prognosis of CRC. Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-13 25873048-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, and it is a target for 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 25873048-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis, and it is a target for 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 25423960-5 2015 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) involved in 5-FU metabolism was also examined in protein and mRNA levels. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 25112781-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT). Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-236 25112781-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT). Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 238-240 25112781-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT). Fluorouracil 44-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-236 25112781-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy, which remains the cornerstone of gastrointestinal cancer treatment, depends upon the expression of enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT). Fluorouracil 44-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 238-240 26166093-2 2015 These polymorphisms have been related to the risk of suffering different cancers, for example leukemia, breast or gastric cancer, and response to different drugs, among which are methotrexate glutamates, stavudine, and specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as TYMS is its direct target. Fluorouracil 232-246 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 258-262 26166093-2 2015 These polymorphisms have been related to the risk of suffering different cancers, for example leukemia, breast or gastric cancer, and response to different drugs, among which are methotrexate glutamates, stavudine, and specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as TYMS is its direct target. Fluorouracil 248-252 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 258-262 26166093-4 2015 Estimates of the extent to which these polymorphisms influence in TYMS expression have in the past been based on functional analysis by luciferase assays and quantification of TYMS mRNA, but both these studies, as the association studies with cancer risk or with toxicity or response to 5-FU, are very contradictory. Fluorouracil 287-291 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-70 26210704-0 2015 Long Survival and Severe Toxicity Under 5-Fluorouracil-Based Therapy in a Patient With Colorectal Cancer Who Harbors a Germline Codon-Stop Mutation in TYMS. Fluorouracil 40-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 151-155 25423960-5 2015 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) involved in 5-FU metabolism was also examined in protein and mRNA levels. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-44 25433307-9 2015 Furthermore, belinostat attenuated the 5-fluorouracil mediated induction of thymidylate synthase via HSP90 hyperacetylation. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 25433307-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: In combination with 5-fluorouracil the targeted inhibitor of histone deacetylase synergistically inhibited renal cancer cell growth by the blockade of thymidylate synthase induction and the induction of reactive oxygen species mediated DNA damage in vitro and in vivo. Fluorouracil 33-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 164-184 25744837-9 2015 Compared with HT-29 cells, HT-29/5-FU cells showed remarkable reduction of cell proliferation and colony formation, higher expressions of TS and DPD, higher percentage of cells in the S phase, and stronger ability of resistance to apoptosis induced by 5-FU. Fluorouracil 33-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 138-140 25881233-4 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a long-standing candidate as a biomarker for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment of cancer patients. Fluorouracil 85-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25881233-4 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a long-standing candidate as a biomarker for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment of cancer patients. Fluorouracil 85-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 25881233-4 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a long-standing candidate as a biomarker for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment of cancer patients. Fluorouracil 101-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25881233-4 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a long-standing candidate as a biomarker for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment of cancer patients. Fluorouracil 101-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 25881233-7 2015 5-FU sensitivity of the transformant cells significantly increased in response to downregulated TS expression, although being not examined in the full dynamic range because of the doxycycline toxicity. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-98 25881233-8 2015 Intriguingly, our in vitro data suggest that there is a linear relationship between TS expression and the 5-FU sensitivity in cells. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-86 25881233-10 2015 Thus, our in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that TS expression is a determinant of 5-FU sensitivity in cells, at least in this specific genetic background, and, therefore, support the possibility of TS expression as a biomarker for 5-FU-based cancer chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 25888862-0 2015 Retraction note: Joint detection of ERCC1, TUBB3, and TYMS guidance selection of docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (DDP) individual chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients. Fluorouracil 92-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-58 24434920-1 2015 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), the mainstay of solid tumor chemotherapy over the past 40 years, induces grade III-IV toxicities in up to 15% of patients with polymorphisms in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-231 24434920-1 2015 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), the mainstay of solid tumor chemotherapy over the past 40 years, induces grade III-IV toxicities in up to 15% of patients with polymorphisms in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 233-237 24434920-1 2015 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), the mainstay of solid tumor chemotherapy over the past 40 years, induces grade III-IV toxicities in up to 15% of patients with polymorphisms in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-231 24434920-1 2015 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), the mainstay of solid tumor chemotherapy over the past 40 years, induces grade III-IV toxicities in up to 15% of patients with polymorphisms in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD), thymidylate synthase (TYMS), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 233-237 25762627-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a role in DNA synthesis and is a target for 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 78-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25762627-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a role in DNA synthesis and is a target for 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 78-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 25581782-5 2015 Not surprisingly, several human cancers overexpress TSase, which makes it a common target for chemotherapy (e.g., 5-fluorouracil). Fluorouracil 114-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-57 25767396-2 2015 In this study, known antimetabolite drugs such as gemcitabine (ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor) and 5-fluorouracil (thymidylate synthase inhibitor) were compared with novel members of these two drug families in the treatment of a chemoresistant pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-139 25802497-3 2015 Gastrointestinal toxicity has been previously reported in the setting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy with abnormal thymidylate synthase or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activities. Fluorouracil 73-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 25802497-3 2015 Gastrointestinal toxicity has been previously reported in the setting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy with abnormal thymidylate synthase or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activities. Fluorouracil 89-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 25524944-9 2015 Based on TS-targeted drug use status, TS expression was significantly associated with OS in pemetrexed (HR=0.42) and 5-Fluorouracil subgroups (HR=0.34), but not in no TS-targeted drug subgroup. Fluorouracil 117-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 25482885-0 2015 miR-203 enhances chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by targeting thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 37-51 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 25482885-6 2015 Silencing of TYMS enhanced 5-FU chemosensitivity, similar to the roles of miR-203. Fluorouracil 27-31 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-17 25482885-8 2015 Overall, our data indicate that miR-203 enhances 5-FU chemosensitivity via the downregulation of TYMS in colorectal cancer and provide important insight into the mechanism of 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-101 25482885-8 2015 Overall, our data indicate that miR-203 enhances 5-FU chemosensitivity via the downregulation of TYMS in colorectal cancer and provide important insight into the mechanism of 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-101 25524944-9 2015 Based on TS-targeted drug use status, TS expression was significantly associated with OS in pemetrexed (HR=0.42) and 5-Fluorouracil subgroups (HR=0.34), but not in no TS-targeted drug subgroup. Fluorouracil 117-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 25468199-4 2015 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 5-FU target enzymes, TS was the only one that showed a significant difference in the level of gene expression between the high and low gene expression groups, for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), when patients were divided according to median values; 5-year DFS rates in high/low TS gene expression were 60.4% and 72.6%, respectively (p=0.050), 5-year OS rates were 78.1% and 88.6%, respectively (p=0.011). Fluorouracil 30-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 24647007-3 2015 The few proven genetic biomarkers of 5-FU toxicity are rare variants and polymorphisms, respectively, at candidate loci dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 163-183 24647007-3 2015 The few proven genetic biomarkers of 5-FU toxicity are rare variants and polymorphisms, respectively, at candidate loci dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 185-189 25232828-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies indicate associations between TSER (thymidylate synthase enhancer region) genotypes and clinical outcomes in patients receiving 5-FU based chemotherapy, but well-controlled prospective validation has been lacking. Fluorouracil 162-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 25453619-2 2014 Meanwhile, leucovorin enhances the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 25202077-11 2014 CONCLUSION: These findings indicate a possible prognostic role of TYMS mRNA expression and highlight a cluster of genes associated with nodal metastases that warrant further investigation in a larger cohort of patients with colorectal cancer treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 255-259 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-70 25223338-0 2014 Joint detection of ERCC1, TUBB3, and TYMS guidance selection of docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (DDP) individual chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients. Fluorouracil 75-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-41 24922653-0 2014 Cell-cycle distribution and Thymidilate Synthatase (TS) expression correlate with 5-FU resistance in head and neck carcinoma cells. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 24922653-2 2014 The main action of 5-FU is the suppression of DNA replication by inhibiting Thymidylate Synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 24922653-2 2014 The main action of 5-FU is the suppression of DNA replication by inhibiting Thymidylate Synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 24922653-7 2014 RESULTS: There was a remarkable increase in TS protein expression levels in UM-SCC-23/WR following 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-7 24751000-3 2014 METHODS: To elucidate the mechanisms of variations to 5-FU outcome, the authors investigated MTHFR, DHFR, TYMS and SLC19A1 folate genes expression for 5-FU response in laryngeal cancer cell line (Hep-2). Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-110 24751000-8 2014 Statistical analysis showed significant association between control group and increased expression for TYMS gene in cells treated with 100 ng/mL/5-FU chemotherapy (P<0.05). Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-107 24751000-9 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The authors found association between the highest 5-FU dose chemotherapy and increased expression levels for TYMS folate gene in laryngeal cancer cell line. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-126 24922653-9 2014 CONCLUSION: The cell-cycle perturbation or elevation of TS protein expression may be involved in acquired 5-FU resistance and identifies 5-FU resistance mechanisms in the two different 5-FU treatment regimens. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 24922653-9 2014 CONCLUSION: The cell-cycle perturbation or elevation of TS protein expression may be involved in acquired 5-FU resistance and identifies 5-FU resistance mechanisms in the two different 5-FU treatment regimens. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 24922653-9 2014 CONCLUSION: The cell-cycle perturbation or elevation of TS protein expression may be involved in acquired 5-FU resistance and identifies 5-FU resistance mechanisms in the two different 5-FU treatment regimens. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 24450514-1 2014 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target for pemetrexed and the prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that inhibit the protein by binding at its active site. Fluorouracil 69-83 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24772313-2 2014 In order to reveal the effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related metabolic enzymes, namely thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; a sole catabolic enzyme of 5-FU), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and thymidine phosphorylase, in oral squamous cell carcinomas, the mRNA expression of these enzymes was investigated in 29 surgical specimens and compared by the Brinkman index and drinking years. Fluorouracil 89-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-149 24450514-1 2014 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target for pemetrexed and the prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that inhibit the protein by binding at its active site. Fluorouracil 85-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24277474-0 2014 Thymidylate synthase expression and p21(WAF1)/p53 phenotype of colon cancers identify patients who may benefit from 5-fluorouracil based therapy. Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24277474-2 2014 Here, we assessed the prognostic significance of TS expression in Astler-Coller stage B2 and C CRCs defined by a p21(WAF1)/p53 immunophenotype in patients subjected to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based adjuvant therapy. Fluorouracil 168-182 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 24281197-1 2014 PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA expression levels and raltitrexed/pemetrexed/5-FU sensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-103 24277474-2 2014 Here, we assessed the prognostic significance of TS expression in Astler-Coller stage B2 and C CRCs defined by a p21(WAF1)/p53 immunophenotype in patients subjected to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based adjuvant therapy. Fluorouracil 184-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 24281197-1 2014 PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA expression levels and raltitrexed/pemetrexed/5-FU sensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 23968134-0 2013 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 23941814-9 2013 Simvastatin alone or plus 5-FU significantly suppressed E2F-1 and TS expressions in EGI-1 and MZ-ChA-1. Fluorouracil 26-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-68 24415354-0 2014 Thymidylate synthase polymorphism in sporadic colorectal and gastric cancer in Tunisian population: a predictive role in 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy treatment. Fluorouracil 121-135 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24415354-2 2014 Because thymidylate synthase provides an effective prediction of chemotherapy treatment based on 5-fluorouracil, our interest in this study was focused on finding an eventual interaction between thymidylate synthase polymorphism and treatment of sporadic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 8-28 24415354-2 2014 Because thymidylate synthase provides an effective prediction of chemotherapy treatment based on 5-fluorouracil, our interest in this study was focused on finding an eventual interaction between thymidylate synthase polymorphism and treatment of sporadic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 195-215 24415354-7 2014 Furthermore, we found a correlation of thymidylate synthase polymorphism with the fluorouracil-based therapy regimes and also with preoperatory radiation in patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 82-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-59 24100087-1 2014 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). Fluorouracil 12-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 24100087-1 2014 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 24100087-1 2014 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). Fluorouracil 121-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-150 24100087-1 2014 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cornerstone of chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), and the major targets of 5-FU are thymidylate synthase (TS), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1). Fluorouracil 121-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 23494117-0 2014 Enhancement of 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity by leucovorin in 5-fluorouracil-resistant gastric cancer cells with upregulated expression of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 15-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 23494117-0 2014 Enhancement of 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity by leucovorin in 5-fluorouracil-resistant gastric cancer cells with upregulated expression of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 23968134-1 2013 Limited studies indicate a possible association of 5"-UTR thymidylate synthase enhancer region polymorphism and treatment outcome in patients medicated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 157-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 23968134-1 2013 Limited studies indicate a possible association of 5"-UTR thymidylate synthase enhancer region polymorphism and treatment outcome in patients medicated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 23861589-0 2013 Clinical significance of the thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and thymidine phosphorylase mRNA expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based transarterial chemoembolization treatment. Fluorouracil 176-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 23760813-3 2013 Although several reports have shown the detrimental effect of some dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms in patients undergoing 5-FU-based treatment, they account for only a minority of toxicities. Fluorouracil 180-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 23760813-3 2013 Although several reports have shown the detrimental effect of some dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms in patients undergoing 5-FU-based treatment, they account for only a minority of toxicities. Fluorouracil 180-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-136 23861589-1 2013 PURPOSE: To determine whether 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity is associated with the mRNA expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with 5-FU-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 23915286-0 2013 MicroRNA-433 negatively regulates the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) responsible for 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in HeLa cells. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 23915286-0 2013 MicroRNA-433 negatively regulates the expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) responsible for 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in HeLa cells. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-78 23915286-2 2013 High TYMS expression levels in tumors are generally associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 82-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-9 23915286-2 2013 High TYMS expression levels in tumors are generally associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 98-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-9 23915286-4 2013 The purpose of this study is to identify novel microRNAs (miRNAs) which regulate the expression of TYMS and to determine whether miRNAs binding to the 3"-untranslated region (UTR) of TYMS mRNA affect the proliferation of HeLa cells treated with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 245-249 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-187 23915286-13 2013 This is the first report showing that a miRNA regulating TYMS expression has a significant impact on sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-61 24156021-1 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS), a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is significantly associated with prognosis in various cancers. Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24156021-1 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS), a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is significantly associated with prognosis in various cancers. Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 24156021-1 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS), a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is significantly associated with prognosis in various cancers. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 24156021-1 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS), a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is significantly associated with prognosis in various cancers. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 24156021-9 2013 The 5-FU treatment in KU-19-19 cells transfected with siRNA for TS gene (TYMS) inhibited cell growth more significantly than that for nontargeting control. Fluorouracil 4-8 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-66 24156021-9 2013 The 5-FU treatment in KU-19-19 cells transfected with siRNA for TS gene (TYMS) inhibited cell growth more significantly than that for nontargeting control. Fluorouracil 4-8 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-77 23861589-1 2013 PURPOSE: To determine whether 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity is associated with the mRNA expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with 5-FU-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-131 23861589-1 2013 PURPOSE: To determine whether 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity is associated with the mRNA expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with 5-FU-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Fluorouracil 30-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 23861589-1 2013 PURPOSE: To determine whether 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity is associated with the mRNA expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with 5-FU-based transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Fluorouracil 30-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-131 23438367-3 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5-FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5-FU"s efficacy. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 23645036-1 2013 Thymidylate synthetase is the major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 23645036-1 2013 Thymidylate synthetase is the major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is widely used for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 23438367-3 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5-FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5-FU"s efficacy. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-68 23438367-3 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5-FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5-FU"s efficacy. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 23438367-4 2013 We therefore hypothesized that RB-reactivating agents could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU, because the RB-reactivating agents could suppress the function of transcription factor E2F of TS gene promoter. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 184-186 23438367-3 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5-FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5-FU"s efficacy. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 23438367-3 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a direct target of 5-FU, and the low TS level has been generally supposed to sensitize 5-FU"s efficacy. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 23429291-1 2013 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first rationally designed antimetabolite, which achieves its therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), which is essential for the synthesis and repair of DNA. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 144-164 22958523-2 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the most important target of 5-fluorouracil; three main genetic polymorphisms of TS have been described. Fluorouracil 58-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 22958523-2 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the most important target of 5-fluorouracil; three main genetic polymorphisms of TS have been described. Fluorouracil 58-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 22958523-2 2013 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the most important target of 5-fluorouracil; three main genetic polymorphisms of TS have been described. Fluorouracil 58-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 23429291-1 2013 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first rationally designed antimetabolite, which achieves its therapeutic efficacy through inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), which is essential for the synthesis and repair of DNA. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 144-164 22633450-6 2012 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) has been associated with improved outcome following 5-FU based adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 92-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 22633450-6 2012 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) has been associated with improved outcome following 5-FU based adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 92-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 22998564-2 2012 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU and DPD which degrades the majority of 5-FU, are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 23265074-3 2012 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is one of the initial key enzymes in the 5-fluouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 23265074-3 2012 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is one of the initial key enzymes in the 5-fluouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 23265074-4 2012 Clinical studies showed that intratumoural TS level was related to the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in patients with several types of cancer such as gastroenterological and head and neck cancers. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 23170110-12 2012 The combination of a relatively low expression of TS and high expression of OPRT suggests an improved antitumor effect of 5-FU drugs in thymic carcinoma compared to in lung carcinoma. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-52 22560972-4 2012 We examined whether the effects of one TS inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), on FLT uptake require proliferating cells and whether the effects are limited to increasing TK1 activity. Fluorouracil 53-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 22560972-4 2012 We examined whether the effects of one TS inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), on FLT uptake require proliferating cells and whether the effects are limited to increasing TK1 activity. Fluorouracil 69-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 22998564-2 2012 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU and DPD which degrades the majority of 5-FU, are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 22998564-2 2012 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU and DPD which degrades the majority of 5-FU, are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 22998564-2 2012 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU and DPD which degrades the majority of 5-FU, are associated with poor prognosis in some cancers. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 22998564-7 2012 Furthermore, the association between their levels and the sensitivity to 5-FU was examined using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for TS and DPD. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 144-146 22819905-1 2012 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme for DNA-synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil whereas cyclin-D1 plays a critical role in the progression of cells through the G1 phase of the cell-cycle. Fluorouracil 93-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 22963400-9 2012 Concurrent ATO and 5-FU treatment of HepG2 cells was synergistic, leading to increased cytotoxicity due in part to modulation of thymidylate synthase levels by ATO. Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-149 22819905-1 2012 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme for DNA-synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil whereas cyclin-D1 plays a critical role in the progression of cells through the G1 phase of the cell-cycle. Fluorouracil 93-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 22766915-5 2012 To understand the mechanisms underlying the enhanced growth inhibitory effect of the administration sequence, DOC followed by 5-FU, we examined the expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), which were known to regulate the antitumor effect of 5-FU, by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Fluorouracil 162-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 193-213 22766915-5 2012 To understand the mechanisms underlying the enhanced growth inhibitory effect of the administration sequence, DOC followed by 5-FU, we examined the expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), which were known to regulate the antitumor effect of 5-FU, by real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Fluorouracil 162-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 193-213 22766915-6 2012 Downregulation of TS and DPD expression and upregulation of OPRT expression were induced by DOC treatment, suggesting that DOC enhanced the efficacy of 5-FU by altering the expression of its metabolic enzymes. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 22270332-1 2012 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are important enzymes in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil, which have been examined as possible predictive markers. Fluorouracil 120-134 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 22133572-2 2012 The aim of this trial was to determine the value of thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme of DNA synthesis and target of 5-FU, to predict response to chemotherapy of mCRC. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 22133572-2 2012 The aim of this trial was to determine the value of thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme of DNA synthesis and target of 5-FU, to predict response to chemotherapy of mCRC. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 22641663-1 2012 AIM: The activity of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is determined by the presence of several enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 53-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 221-241 22641663-1 2012 AIM: The activity of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is determined by the presence of several enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 53-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 243-245 22641663-1 2012 AIM: The activity of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is determined by the presence of several enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 69-73 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 221-241 22641663-1 2012 AIM: The activity of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is determined by the presence of several enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 69-73 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 243-245 22270332-1 2012 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are important enzymes in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil, which have been examined as possible predictive markers. Fluorouracil 120-134 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 22324043-8 2012 TS mRNA levels in RRC1 were significantly reversely correlated with 5-FU concentrations on day 2 (correlation coefficient = -0.867, P = 0.015). Fluorouracil 68-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 22139443-0 2012 Differentiation-inducing factor-1 enhances 5-fluorouracil action on oral cancer cells inhibiting E2F1 and thymidylate synthase mRNAs accumulation. Fluorouracil 43-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-126 22284030-0 2012 In regard to "Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism affects the response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil chemoradiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer" (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81:669-676). Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 22303938-3 2012 Their mode of action probably involves their ability to act as acceptors in a Michael-addition mechanism, while it was revealed that 5- fluorouracil nucleosides represent novel prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil targeting thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 189-203 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 214-234 21351099-5 2012 The CRPC specimens and C4-2 cells exhibited significantly lower thymidylate synthase (TS) expression, a target of 5-FU, than the ADPC specimens and LNCaP cells. Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-84 21167658-10 2012 Germline thymidylate synthase and XRCC1 polymorphisms might be useful as predictive markers of rectal tumor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 22006578-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS: High TS and DPD mRNA levels on FFPE specimens may predict distant recurrence of rectal cancer treated with 5-FU-based preoperative CRT followed by surgery. Fluorouracil 120-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 22740861-1 2012 Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is reported to be involved in the downregulation of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target molecule of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidine S-1. Fluorouracil 134-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 22740861-1 2012 Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is reported to be involved in the downregulation of thymidylate synthase (TS), a target molecule of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oral fluoropyrimidine S-1. Fluorouracil 150-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 23056627-0 2012 Transcriptional activation and cell cycle block are the keys for 5-fluorouracil induced up-regulation of human thymidylate synthase expression. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-131 23056627-1 2012 BACKGROUND: 5-fluorouracil, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, up-regulates expression of human thymidylate synthase (hTS). Fluorouracil 12-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-121 23056627-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Altogether, our data indicate that constitutive TYMS mRNA transcription, cell cycle-induced hTS regulation and hTS enzyme stability are the three key mechanisms responsible for 5-fluorouracil induced up-regulation of human thymidylate synthase expression in the two ovarian cancer cell lines studied. Fluorouracil 203-217 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-78 23056627-8 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Altogether, our data indicate that constitutive TYMS mRNA transcription, cell cycle-induced hTS regulation and hTS enzyme stability are the three key mechanisms responsible for 5-fluorouracil induced up-regulation of human thymidylate synthase expression in the two ovarian cancer cell lines studied. Fluorouracil 203-217 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 249-269 21374737-6 2011 siRNAs targeting TS or survivin or both could mimic the effect of CaSR activation in promoting sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-19 22496803-1 2012 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, inhibits the DNA replicative enzyme, thymidylate synthase (Tyms). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-116 22496803-1 2012 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, inhibits the DNA replicative enzyme, thymidylate synthase (Tyms). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-122 22496803-1 2012 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, inhibits the DNA replicative enzyme, thymidylate synthase (Tyms). Fluorouracil 16-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-116 22496803-1 2012 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, inhibits the DNA replicative enzyme, thymidylate synthase (Tyms). Fluorouracil 16-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-122 22496803-3 2012 Clinical associations between 5FU-related toxicity and the TYMS VNTR were reported, however, results were inconsistent, suggesting that additional genetic variation in the TYMS gene might influence Tyms expression. Fluorouracil 30-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 59-63 22143355-1 2012 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are important enzymes in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil and possible predictive markers. Fluorouracil 120-134 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 21550686-11 2011 A positive expression of TS, DPD and OPRT might be an important factor in predicting the effectiveness of 5-FU based chemotherapy in this disease. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-27 22496803-3 2012 Clinical associations between 5FU-related toxicity and the TYMS VNTR were reported, however, results were inconsistent, suggesting that additional genetic variation in the TYMS gene might influence Tyms expression. Fluorouracil 30-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 172-176 21868518-2 2011 The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers including TS expression, after pulmonary metastasectomy followed by 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 22110208-1 2011 AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative mRNA expressions of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) genes are associated with in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, respectively. Fluorouracil 226-240 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 22110208-1 2011 AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative mRNA expressions of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) genes are associated with in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, respectively. Fluorouracil 226-240 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-115 22110208-1 2011 AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative mRNA expressions of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) genes are associated with in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, respectively. Fluorouracil 242-246 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 22110208-1 2011 AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the relative mRNA expressions of the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) genes are associated with in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, respectively. Fluorouracil 242-246 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-115 22110208-6 2011 RESULTS: The mean level of TYMS mRNA expression in the groups with low and high response to 5-FU was 2.35x10(-3) +- 2.16x10(-3) 2(-(DeltaCt)) and 4.54x10(-3) +- 2.46x10(-3) 2(-(DeltaCt)), respectively. Fluorouracil 92-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-31 22110208-8 2011 Groups with high response to 5-FU and oxaliplatin had significantly higher expression of TYMS and ERCC1 mRNA, respectively (p<0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-93 22110208-9 2011 CONCLUSION: High expression of TYMS and ERCC1 mRNA was associated with better in vitro chemosensitivity to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, respectively, in patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-35 22202337-1 2011 It has been reported that thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and excision repair cross-complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were useful markers to predict the efficacy of anti cancer agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin for unresectable advanced colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 249-263 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 22202337-1 2011 It has been reported that thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and excision repair cross-complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were useful markers to predict the efficacy of anti cancer agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin for unresectable advanced colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 265-269 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 22202378-10 2011 There was negative findings of immunostaining with thymidylate synthetase (TS), which was target enzyme for 5-FU at a biopsy sample of the primary gastric tumor before chemotherapy of S-1. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-73 20932673-0 2011 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism affects the response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil chemoradiation therapy in patients with rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 76-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20932673-1 2011 PURPOSE: This study aims to correlate thymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms with the tumor response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 123-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 20932673-1 2011 PURPOSE: This study aims to correlate thymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms with the tumor response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 123-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-62 20932673-1 2011 PURPOSE: This study aims to correlate thymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms with the tumor response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 139-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 20932673-1 2011 PURPOSE: This study aims to correlate thymidylate synthase (TS) gene polymorphisms with the tumor response to preoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 139-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-62 20932673-11 2011 CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that SNPs within the TS enhancer region affect the tumor response to preoperative 5-FU-based CRT in rectal cancer. Fluorouracil 115-119 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-56 21811101-1 2011 The DNA replicative gene, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), is inhibited upon treatment with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 108-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 21811101-1 2011 The DNA replicative gene, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), is inhibited upon treatment with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 108-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-52 21811101-1 2011 The DNA replicative gene, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), is inhibited upon treatment with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 124-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 21811101-1 2011 The DNA replicative gene, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), is inhibited upon treatment with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 124-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-52 21965773-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolizing enzymes and are involved in the sensitivity of carcinoma patients to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 72-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21965773-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolizing enzymes and are involved in the sensitivity of carcinoma patients to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21965773-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolizing enzymes and are involved in the sensitivity of carcinoma patients to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 176-180 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21868535-9 2011 CONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time an important inhibitory effect of etodolac on TS expression leading to sensitization to 5-FU in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 134-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 21868535-9 2011 CONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time an important inhibitory effect of etodolac on TS expression leading to sensitization to 5-FU in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 142-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 21868535-10 2011 Our data suggest that TS inhibition can be accomplished by this routinely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and this may have a role as novel effective cancer treatment for 5-FU-resistant cancer. Fluorouracil 181-185 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 21868518-7 2011 CONCLUSION: Expression level of TS, OPRT, ERCC1, BRCA1 and MVD in resected colorectal lung metastases may play an important role for predicting outcome after 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy. Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-34 21791367-1 2011 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Fluorouracil 286-300 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 21791367-1 2011 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Pyrimidine antimetabolites" target molecules thymidylate synthase (TS) and flopropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) are known as biomarkers of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Fluorouracil 302-306 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 21536130-1 2011 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression levels appear to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Fluorouracil 107-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 21536130-1 2011 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression levels appear to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Fluorouracil 107-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 21536130-1 2011 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression levels appear to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 21536130-1 2011 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression levels appear to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil-(5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 21536130-3 2011 To evaluate the influence of TS expression and polymorphisms on clinical outcome of 5-FU-treated patients we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis on 63 CRC patients. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 21630057-2 2011 With this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of TS gene polymorphisms genotyping in therapy response in stage III colon carcinoma patients treated with 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 21919605-8 2011 Specific combinations of functional polymorphisms in DPYD and TYMS were demonstrated to be associated with DFS and overall survival in patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU-based treatment. Fluorouracil 163-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-66 21561529-0 2011 Calpain regulates thymidylate synthase-5-fluoro-dUMP complex levels associated with response to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 21561529-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a major role in the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by binding directly to the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21561529-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a major role in the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by binding directly to the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21561529-1 2011 Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a major role in the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by binding directly to the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21444628-2 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) belongs to antimetabolite chemotherapeutics, and its mechanism of cytotoxicity is involved in the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-154 21444628-2 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) belongs to antimetabolite chemotherapeutics, and its mechanism of cytotoxicity is involved in the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-154 21035287-0 2011 Thymidylate synthase expression as a predictor of clinical response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy in patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma. Fluorouracil 71-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21449674-4 2011 RESULTS: Of the 24 genes analyzed, 13 produced significant changes on the phenotype of sensitivity to 5-FU (DHFR, DPYS, DTYMK, DUT, FPGS, GGH, NME1, NT5C, RRM1, TYMS, UCK2, UNG and UMPS). Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 161-165 21471424-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that MTHFR activity and a specific combination of the MTHFR 1298A>C and TYMS 3"-UTR ins/del polymorphisms are possible predictors of 5-FU treatment-related toxicity. Fluorouracil 170-174 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 109-113 21742238-4 2011 Intratumoral expression of TS mRNA has been shown to be associated with prognosis and with the response to 5-FU therapy in patients with breast, colorectal, head and neck cancer types. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-29 21243325-0 2011 Hydroxyflutamide enhances cellular sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil by suppressing thymidylate synthase expression in bicalutamide-resistant human prostate cancer cells. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 21190322-1 2011 The prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), after activation into 5-F-dUMP, is an extensively used anticancer agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and leads to increases in dUTP and 5-F-dUTP levels in cells. Fluorouracil 12-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-141 21190322-1 2011 The prodrug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), after activation into 5-F-dUMP, is an extensively used anticancer agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and leads to increases in dUTP and 5-F-dUTP levels in cells. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-141 21222484-0 2011 Effect of the thymidylate synthase inhibitors on dUTP and TTP pool levels and the activities of DNA repair glycosylases on uracil and 5-fluorouracil in DNA. Fluorouracil 134-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 21222484-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-dUrd), and raltitrixed (RTX) are anticancer agents that target thymidylate synthase (TS), thereby blocking the conversion of dUMP into dTMP. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 21174056-0 2011 Combined therapy with a thymidylate synthase-inhibiting vector and S-1 has effective antitumor activity against 5-FU-resistant tumors. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-44 21222484-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-dUrd), and raltitrixed (RTX) are anticancer agents that target thymidylate synthase (TS), thereby blocking the conversion of dUMP into dTMP. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 20647221-1 2011 BACKGROUND: To assess the predictive value of polymorphism in nine genes, primarily thymidylate synthase (TS) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), which relates to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism, for toxicity in patients treated with oral uracil/tegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV). Fluorouracil 173-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-104 20647221-1 2011 BACKGROUND: To assess the predictive value of polymorphism in nine genes, primarily thymidylate synthase (TS) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), which relates to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism, for toxicity in patients treated with oral uracil/tegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV). Fluorouracil 189-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-104 21174056-1 2011 High levels of intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) expression are associated with resistance to 5-fluorourcil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 28-48 21174056-1 2011 High levels of intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) expression are associated with resistance to 5-fluorourcil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-52 21362378-0 2011 Associations between gene polymorphisms of thymidylate synthase with its protein expression and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-63 20387074-2 2011 Several studies have evaluated in patients with colon cancer, either the role of genes involved in the 5-FU pathway, such as thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) or the role of microsatellite instability (MSI) as prognostic or predictive markers for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy, with discordant results. Fluorouracil 103-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 125-145 20387074-2 2011 Several studies have evaluated in patients with colon cancer, either the role of genes involved in the 5-FU pathway, such as thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) or the role of microsatellite instability (MSI) as prognostic or predictive markers for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy, with discordant results. Fluorouracil 103-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 147-149 20387074-8 2011 CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective investigation suggests that TS gene expression at mRNA level can be a useful marker of better survival in patients (especially of those with cancers of stage II) receiving 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy, independently of the MSI status. Fluorouracil 204-208 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-62 20177420-4 2011 5-FU targets folate metabolism through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 20177420-4 2011 5-FU targets folate metabolism through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-79 21362378-3 2011 In this study, we investigated the associations between polymorphisms of the TS gene and its protein expression, and the implications on the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in pancreatic cancer cells. Fluorouracil 153-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 21362378-3 2011 In this study, we investigated the associations between polymorphisms of the TS gene and its protein expression, and the implications on the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in pancreatic cancer cells. Fluorouracil 169-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 21362378-12 2011 Cells with the 2R/2R and 2R/3R genotypes of TS were hypersensitive to 5-FU in vitro as compared with those with the 3R/3R cells. Fluorouracil 70-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 21362378-13 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in the TS gene influenced its protein expression and affected sensitivity of 5-FU in seven pancreatic cancer cell lines. Fluorouracil 104-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 21362378-15 2011 Cells of the 3R/3R genotype with high TS protein expression were shown lower 5-FU sensitivity than cells with the 2R/2R or 2R/3R genotypes. Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 21362378-16 2011 These data warrant large-scale clinical studies to assess the role of polymorphisms in the TS gene on its protein expression and chemosensitivity to 5-FU in pancreatic cancer. Fluorouracil 149-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-93 20880064-1 2011 AIMS: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes in the metabolism of 5-fluorouracil and have been implicated as possible prognostic markers for cancer patients. Fluorouracil 113-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-70 21196216-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-97 21196216-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-101 21196216-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-97 21196216-1 2011 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with tumor-cell proliferation by inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-101 21196216-3 2011 TS-TR variations were analyzed in 57 stage II-IV ESCC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy combined with 5-FU and cisplatinum (CDDP), and in 106 controls. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 20727673-0 2010 RAD001 shows activity against gastric cancer cells and overcomes 5-FU resistance by downregulating thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-119 22091436-4 2011 In addition, a factor that activates hENT1 is the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), one of the 5-FU metabolic enzymes; TS inhibition mediates depleting intracellular nucleotide pools, resulting in the activation of the salvage pathway mediated through hENT1. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-84 22091436-4 2011 In addition, a factor that activates hENT1 is the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), one of the 5-FU metabolic enzymes; TS inhibition mediates depleting intracellular nucleotide pools, resulting in the activation of the salvage pathway mediated through hENT1. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-88 22091436-4 2011 In addition, a factor that activates hENT1 is the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), one of the 5-FU metabolic enzymes; TS inhibition mediates depleting intracellular nucleotide pools, resulting in the activation of the salvage pathway mediated through hENT1. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 126-128 20727673-5 2010 Furthermore, RAD001 conferred sensitivity to 5-FU-resistant cell lines by downregulating thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 20727737-5 2010 Gain of TYMS DNA copy number was observed in 18% of the 5-FU exposed metastases, while only 4% of the unexposed metastases exhibited TYMS copy gain (p = 0.036). Fluorouracil 56-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 8-12 20727737-7 2010 Median survival time was similar in 5-FU-exposed patients with metastases containing TYMS amplification and those with no amplification. Fluorouracil 36-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-89 20727737-9 2010 These results suggest amplification of TYMS amplification as a putative mechanism for clinical resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy and may have important ramifications for the post-resection chemotherapy choices for metastatic colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 109-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-43 21224584-1 2010 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the expressions of excision repair cross-complementing-1 (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) predict the clinical outcome of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with CDDP/5-FU chemoradiotherapy. Fluorouracil 250-254 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 147-149 20727737-0 2010 Amplification of thymidylate synthetase in metastatic colorectal cancer patients pretreated with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-39 21084814-1 2010 We reported herein four resected cases with basaloid carcinoma of the esophagus and measured the activity of 5-FU related enzymes (TS, DPD, OPRT) in cancer tissue. Fluorouracil 109-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 131-133 21224630-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and excision repair complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were known to be important biomarkers to predict a tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, but the relationship between these expressions and tumor response were still unclear. Fluorouracil 140-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21224630-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and excision repair complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were known to be important biomarkers to predict a tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, but the relationship between these expressions and tumor response were still unclear. Fluorouracil 140-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 21224630-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and excision repair complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were known to be important biomarkers to predict a tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, but the relationship between these expressions and tumor response were still unclear. Fluorouracil 156-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21224630-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and excision repair complementing-1 (ERCC-1) were known to be important biomarkers to predict a tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin, but the relationship between these expressions and tumor response were still unclear. Fluorouracil 156-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 22870098-7 2010 TS and OPRT expression were not related to various clinicopathological factors, but patients with a high TS mRNA expression showed a significantly poorer prognosis in cases where 5-FU was not administered. Fluorouracil 179-183 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 105-107 20165956-0 2010 Thymidylate synthase germline polymorphisms in rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 122-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20165956-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS: The thymidylate synthase genotype might help to identify patients with stage II/III rectal cancer who could benefit from pre- and postoperative fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 157-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 22870098-8 2010 The efficacy of 5-FU was more significant when administered for more than 6 months in the group with a high TS mRNA expression. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-110 22870098-9 2010 These data suggest that TS mRNA expression in breast cancer tissue is an ideal predictor of outcomes for patients with no administration of 5-FU, and of the efficacy of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 140-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-26 22870098-9 2010 These data suggest that TS mRNA expression in breast cancer tissue is an ideal predictor of outcomes for patients with no administration of 5-FU, and of the efficacy of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 169-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-26 20837458-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway. Fluorouracil 134-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 20811661-0 2010 Irinotecan overcomes the resistance to 5-fluorouracil in human colon cancer xenografts by down-regulation of intratumoral thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-142 21036767-2 2010 To explore the predictability of TYMS polymorphisms for the sensitivity and toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in breast cancer patients, this study investigated the association between TYMS polymorphisms and TYMS protein expression in normal and tumour tissue specimens from 49 lymph node-positive breast cancer patients. Fluorouracil 104-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-37 21036767-5 2010 These findings suggest that breast cancer patients with the TYMS 3"-UTR +6 bp/+6 bp polymorphism whose tumours show a 6 bp deletion within TYMS 3"-UTR represent a group that may derive the most benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 207-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-64 21036767-5 2010 These findings suggest that breast cancer patients with the TYMS 3"-UTR +6 bp/+6 bp polymorphism whose tumours show a 6 bp deletion within TYMS 3"-UTR represent a group that may derive the most benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 207-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 139-143 20837458-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway. Fluorouracil 134-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 20837458-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway. Fluorouracil 150-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 20837458-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway. Fluorouracil 150-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 20628391-9 2010 CONCLUSION: TYMS and UGT1A polymorphisms influence on tumour response and toxicities derived from irinotecan/5FU treatment in CRC patients. Fluorouracil 109-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-16 21410037-8 2010 CONCLUSIONS: For the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-Fluorouracil, the specimen should be excised from the invasive front of the tumor, and TS expression should be evaluated in it. Fluorouracil 62-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 151-153 20628391-0 2010 UGT1A and TYMS genetic variants predict toxicity and response of colorectal cancer patients treated with first-line irinotecan and fluorouracil combination therapy. Fluorouracil 131-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 10-14 20571234-0 2010 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms effecting 5-FU response in breast cancer patients. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20500514-7 2010 COLM-5 cells showed expression pattern of 5-FU metabolizing enzymes such as high dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and low thymidylate synthase (TS)/orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 127-147 20706620-15 2010 TYMS has been reported as being associated with resistance to the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil, and we observed a copy number increase for this gene. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 20384633-6 2010 Both the mRNA and protein expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), which are associated with 5-FU sensitivity/response, were analyzed in the cells undergoing treatment. Fluorouracil 185-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 20384633-7 2010 5-Fluorouracil-resistant lung cancer cells displayed high expression of TS mRNA and protein. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 20384633-10 2010 We conclude that combination therapy with SAHA and S-1 in lung cancer may be promising due to its potential to overcome S-1 resistance via modulation of 5-FU/S-1 sensitivity-associated biomarker (TS) by HDAC inhibitor. Fluorouracil 153-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 196-198 20567103-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase(TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase(OPRT)are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20567103-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase(TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase(OPRT)are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20819423-0 2010 Variants in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase genes predict early toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 142-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 26-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 168-188 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 26-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 190-192 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 26-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 194-198 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 168-188 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 190-192 20819423-1 2010 Adverse drug reactions to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy have been reported to be due, in part, to genetic variants of the genes for the drug-related enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS; TYMS gene), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR gene) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; DPYD gene). Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 194-198 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19697054-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19697054-3 2010 In addition, increased interest has been focused on the biological roles of TS and DPD as the independent prognostic factors as well as responsive determinants for cancer patients with 5-FU based therapy. Fluorouracil 185-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-78 20515563-9 2010 A larger case series investigating the role of TS gene polymorphisms as predictors of sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is required. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-49 20647341-2 2010 TYMS expression levels have been identified as predictive biomarkers for 5-fluoruracil (FU) response in colorectal cancer, but their clinical utility remains controversial. Fluorouracil 73-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 20372793-6 2010 5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate (leucovorin; LV) stabilized the complex of thymidylate synthase (TS) and 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), increased the sensitivity to 5-FU of TP expressing AZ521 cells, but not of the parental cells. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 20530421-6 2010 A metabolite of 5-FU irreversibly binds thymidylate synthase (TS) thus inhibiting its activity. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 20530422-0 2010 Arsenic trioxide suppresses thymidylate synthase in 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cell line HT29 In Vitro re-sensitizing cells to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 28-48 20012317-0 2010 Expression of thymidylate synthase determines the response of gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy to 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 112-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 20012317-1 2010 PURPOSE: We investigated whether the intensity of thymidylate synthase (TS) staining in tissue samples obtained from gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing gastrectomy could predict response to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrectomy. Fluorouracil 195-199 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-70 20012317-1 2010 PURPOSE: We investigated whether the intensity of thymidylate synthase (TS) staining in tissue samples obtained from gastric cancer (GC) patients undergoing gastrectomy could predict response to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrectomy. Fluorouracil 195-199 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 20012317-6 2010 However, multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that low TS expression was independently associated with females and responders to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-88 20012317-9 2010 CONCLUSIONS: Low TS expression is significantly associated with female GC patients and responders to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 101-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-19 20012317-11 2010 The results suggest that prospective assessment of TS staining intensity in tissue samples obtained from GC patients undergoing gastrectomy would be useful to predict the patients who would be benefited from 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrectomy. Fluorouracil 208-212 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 20332484-7 2010 Patients with the highest level of TS expression (grade 3) had an improved clinical outcome following adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 111-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 20725619-0 2010 Analysis of the thymidylate synthase gene structure in colorectal cancer patients and its possible relation with the 5-Fluorouracil drug response. Fluorouracil 117-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-36 20725619-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP and it is the target for the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) activity. Fluorouracil 93-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20725619-1 2010 Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP and it is the target for the 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) activity. Fluorouracil 109-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 20966539-2 2010 With this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of TS gene polymorphisms genotyping in therapy response in stage III colon carcinoma patients treated with 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 20571234-2 2010 The target enzyme for 5- Fluorouracil is thymidylate synthase (TYMS) this enzyme is also involved in folate metabolism. Fluorouracil 22-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-61 20571234-2 2010 The target enzyme for 5- Fluorouracil is thymidylate synthase (TYMS) this enzyme is also involved in folate metabolism. Fluorouracil 22-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-67 20714149-2 2010 Toxicity from fluorouracil therapy is known to be associated with the individual genetic background of the enzymes, thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Fluorouracil 14-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-136 20714149-4 2010 To evaluate the genetic background of the fluorouracil-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy, analysis of the polymorphisms of the TYMS, DPYD and MTHFR genes was performed. Fluorouracil 42-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-138 20714149-6 2010 CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms of the TYMS gene would contribute to the 5-fluorouracil-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Fluorouracil 75-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-45 20205661-5 2010 Increased 5FU toxicity is associated with variations in the DPYD gene, TYMS gene and MTHFR gene. Fluorouracil 10-13 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-75 20407238-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) have been reported to be associated with tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 203-217 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 20407238-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) have been reported to be associated with tumor response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 219-223 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 19455332-9 2010 Estrogen depletion down-regulated the level of expression of one of the molecules related to 5-FU resistance, thymidylate synthase, as observed with 4-OH-TAM in our previous study. Fluorouracil 93-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 19694534-1 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), are amongst the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs available, although their efficacy is often limited by myelotoxicity. Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19694534-1 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), are amongst the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs available, although their efficacy is often limited by myelotoxicity. Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19694534-1 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), are amongst the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs available, although their efficacy is often limited by myelotoxicity. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19694534-1 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR), are amongst the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs available, although their efficacy is often limited by myelotoxicity. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19444465-2 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for CRC and high expression of this enzyme in tumor cells can influence the effect of therapy. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19722231-9 2009 CONCLUSION: TS genotyping on paraffin-embedded fixed tissues proved to be the most useful method for prediction of outcome of 5-FU treatment in patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-14 19306093-2 2009 TYMS is a key target of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based class of drugs, frequently considered in combination therapies in advanced RCC. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 19306093-2 2009 TYMS is a key target of the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based class of drugs, frequently considered in combination therapies in advanced RCC. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 19306093-3 2009 TYMS variants, such as the TYMS polymorphic 5"-untranslated region variable number tandem repeat sequence (VNTR), are under investigation to guide 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 147-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 19306093-3 2009 TYMS variants, such as the TYMS polymorphic 5"-untranslated region variable number tandem repeat sequence (VNTR), are under investigation to guide 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 147-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-31 19846930-2 2009 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We explored 2.5 microM 5-FU-induced DNA synthesis by testing 5-FU activity in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT)-containing medium, and its effect on thymidylate synthase (TS) activity and CD25 expression in interleukin (IL)-2-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the combined effects with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 179-199 19384949-2 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key determinant of resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 19384949-2 2009 Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key determinant of resistance to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-82 19528468-9 2009 CONCLUSION: The sequence dependency between SN-38 and 5-FU against colon cancer cells may be related to the dual action on cell cycle regulation by 5-FU and to the down-regulation of TS level by SN-38. Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-185 19822515-0 2009 Toxicity and efficacy of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in a patient with TYMS gene polymorphism: A challenge or a dilemma? Fluorouracil 25-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-79 19822515-12 2009 Pharmacogenetic testing revealed 2R/2R genotype of TYMS gene, which is associated with up to a 2.5-fold risk of toxicity to 5-FU therapy. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-55 19822515-15 2009 Genetic variations such as polymorphic abnormality of TYMS are potential causative factors for a significant portion of serious adverse reactions to 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 149-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-58 19384949-9 2009 These data demonstrate that HDACi repress TS expression at the level of transcription and provides the first evidence suggesting a direct mechanistic link between TS downregulation and the synergistic interaction observed between HDACi and 5-FU. Fluorouracil 240-244 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-44 19384949-10 2009 This study provides rationale for the continued clinical evaluation of HDACi in combination with 5-FU-based therapies as a strategy to overcome TS-mediated resistance. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 144-146 19147506-1 2009 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the basis of chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma, inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for DNA replication. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-116 19147506-1 2009 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the basis of chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma, inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for DNA replication. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-120 19147506-1 2009 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the basis of chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma, inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for DNA replication. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-116 19147506-1 2009 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents the basis of chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma, inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS), an essential enzyme for DNA replication. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-120 19147506-7 2009 This result possibly reflects a complex tumor response to 5-FU therapy, where TS is just one of the involved proteins. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 19444465-2 2009 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for CRC and high expression of this enzyme in tumor cells can influence the effect of therapy. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 19383851-4 2009 Although conflicting results have been reported, higher thymidylate synthase (TS) protein and mRNA expression levels in tumors have generally been associated with poor clinical outcome in patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimens. Fluorouracil 210-214 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 19426394-0 2009 Polymorphism of thymidylate synthase gene and chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil regimen in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-36 19426394-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To explore the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and chemosensitivity of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing regimen in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 99-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-62 19426394-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To explore the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and chemosensitivity of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing regimen in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 99-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-66 19426394-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To explore the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and chemosensitivity of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing regimen in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 115-119 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-62 19426394-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To explore the polymorphism of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and chemosensitivity of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing regimen in metastatic colorectal and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 115-119 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-66 19426394-12 2009 Patients with a TS polymorphism expressed as 2R/3R might be more sensitive to 5-FU regimen than those with a polymorphism expressed as 3R/3R. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-18 19383851-4 2009 Although conflicting results have been reported, higher thymidylate synthase (TS) protein and mRNA expression levels in tumors have generally been associated with poor clinical outcome in patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy regimens. Fluorouracil 210-214 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 19383851-5 2009 However, the cause of the variability in TS expression still remains not fully understood, although several germ-line polymorphisms seem to affect the expression of TS, some of which have been found to have an effect on prognosis and the probability of response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 265-269 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 165-167 19374805-2 2009 TS is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and involved in folate metabolism. Fluorouracil 27-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 21475840-6 2009 This resulted in the formation of much higher levels of the ternary complex with thymidylate synthase (TS) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine 5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) derived from 5-FU, leading to a prolonged inhibition of TS activity in combined administration with oral S-1. Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-101 18704422-0 2009 The polymorphisms of TS and MTHFR predict survival of gastric cancer patients treated with fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese population. Fluorouracil 91-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-23 18704422-1 2009 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms with the clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 228-232 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-93 18704422-8 2009 CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of TS 3"-UTR ins6/del6 and MTHFR C677T appear to be potential prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which may allow identification of gastric cancer patients who will benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 18704422-8 2009 CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of TS 3"-UTR ins6/del6 and MTHFR C677T appear to be potential prognostic factors in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, which may allow identification of gastric cancer patients who will benefit from 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 265-269 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 19288006-1 2009 The enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are involved in the metabolism of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (FU). Fluorouracil 177-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 19288006-1 2009 The enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are involved in the metabolism of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (FU). Fluorouracil 177-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 19288006-2 2009 Expression of TS, DPD and OPRT in cancer tissue has been reported to be associated with sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-FU therapy. Fluorouracil 121-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-16 19339911-0 2009 Association of thymidylate synthase variants with 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 19339911-3 2009 One of the known targets of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 19339911-3 2009 One of the known targets of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-89 19339911-3 2009 One of the known targets of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 19339911-3 2009 One of the known targets of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-89 19339911-4 2009 We hypothesized that genetic variants in TYMS would alter cytotoxicity because of 5-FU treatment using a LCL model system. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-45 19339911-9 2009 Two intronic SNPs in TYMS (rs2847153 and rs2853533) were significantly associated (P<0.01) with 5-FU cytotoxicity in the HapMap subset using the mixed models approach. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-25 19339911-11 2009 These results highlight the importance of the TYMS gene variants in response to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-50 19374805-2 2009 TS is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and involved in folate metabolism. Fluorouracil 43-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 19374805-3 2009 TS gene polymorphisms play an important role in the efficiency of fluorouracil activity in vivo. Fluorouracil 66-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 19374805-4 2009 This study investigated the allelic frequencies and distribution characters of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding region (cSNPs) of TS gene in Chinese children with acute leukemia (AL) and normal control children in order to explore the possible relationship between the cSNP in human TS gene and chemotherapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracils. Fluorouracil 340-355 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 147-149 19194123-1 2009 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase (TS) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) predict clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 291-295 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 19051292-10 2009 Gene panels assessing pretreatment TP, DPD, ERCC1, dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase gene expression may help improve the therapeutic potential of 5-FU- or other novel antifolate-based regimens. Fluorouracil 162-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 18618519-0 2009 Calcium and calcium sensing receptor modulates the expression of thymidylate synthase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and survivin in human colon carcinoma cells: promotion of cytotoxic response to mitomycin C and fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 216-228 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 18986760-3 2009 In this study, we determined the expression levels of 5-FU metabolism-related enzymes like thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylate (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM). Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-111 18986760-3 2009 In this study, we determined the expression levels of 5-FU metabolism-related enzymes like thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylate (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with laser capture microdissection (LCM). Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 113-115 19194123-1 2009 BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of the excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), thymidylate synthase (TS) and glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) predict clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 277-289 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 19194123-12 2009 CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical study of ERCC1 and TS may be useful for the prediction of clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with 5-FU and oxaliplatin. Fluorouracil 164-168 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 19082493-0 2009 Combination of polymorphisms within 5" and 3" untranslated regions of thymidylate synthase gene modulates survival in 5 fluorouracil-treated colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 120-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 19023200-0 2009 Correlations between thymidylate synthase expression and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, cell proliferation and clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Fluorouracil 77-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 19023200-3 2009 In this study, we examined whether TS expression is correlated with chemosensitivity to 5-FU, cell proliferation and clinical outcome in HNSCC. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 19023200-9 2009 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that TS expression plays an important role in the sensitivity of HNSCC to 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 19015148-2 2009 METHODS: We investigated the 5-FU-related gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), DPD, thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) in resected tumor specimens from 51 patients with adenocarcinomas and 47 with squamous cell carcinomas using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and compared those levels between the two histological types. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 19105824-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Over-expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumor tissue is associated with insensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 151-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 19105824-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Over-expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumor tissue is associated with insensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 167-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 19105824-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Over-expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumor tissue is associated with insensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 167-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 18661526-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a potentially valuable marker for therapy response since it is the molecular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18722050-0 2008 Thymidylate synthase genotypes and tumour regression in stage II/III rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based chemoradiation. Fluorouracil 110-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18794807-6 2008 Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) was higher in 5-FU-resistant cells, however, decreased significantly after pretreatment with PP2. Fluorouracil 109-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 19020767-1 2008 It has been reported that the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) may predict the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy in cancer patients. Fluorouracil 191-205 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-68 19020767-1 2008 It has been reported that the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) may predict the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy in cancer patients. Fluorouracil 207-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-64 19020767-1 2008 It has been reported that the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) may predict the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy in cancer patients. Fluorouracil 207-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-68 19020759-2 2008 The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and excision repair cross-complementing factor 1 (ERCC1) have been reported to be prognostic markers for patients with 5-FU/oxaliplatin chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 170-174 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 19020767-1 2008 It has been reported that the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) may predict the clinical efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based therapy in cancer patients. Fluorouracil 191-205 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-64 18661526-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a potentially valuable marker for therapy response since it is the molecular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 18661526-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a potentially valuable marker for therapy response since it is the molecular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18661526-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a potentially valuable marker for therapy response since it is the molecular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 18728661-0 2008 Liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer patients and thymidylate synthase polymorphisms for predicting response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 115-129 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 17684476-0 2008 Transcription factor-binding sites in the thymidylate synthase gene: predictors of outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin? Fluorouracil 150-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-62 17684476-5 2008 Our results indicate that this new genetic parameter (the number of USF-binding sites) could be considered when evaluating the role of TS genotype in the efficacy of the 5-FU-based regimens. Fluorouracil 170-174 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-137 18728661-1 2008 We investigated the association between thymidylate synthase (TS) germline polymorphisms and response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in 80 patients with liver-only metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Fluorouracil 105-119 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 18630453-1 2008 BACKGROUND: In advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) a low expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastases predicts a higher response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 138-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 18695887-13 2008 In contrast, IAB-1 decreased the activity of thymidylate synthase (TS), which is a target enzyme of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 100-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 18930000-2 2008 The commonly used anti-tumor drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), blocks the cell cycle by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, and is also known to induce TXNIP gene expression. Fluorouracil 35-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-114 18930000-2 2008 The commonly used anti-tumor drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), blocks the cell cycle by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, and is also known to induce TXNIP gene expression. Fluorouracil 51-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-114 18443433-0 2008 Evaluating the drug-target relationship between thymidylate synthase expression and tumor response to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 102-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 18443433-2 2008 Thymidylate synthase is a target of 5-fluoruracil, a pyrimidine analog used to treat gastrointestinal and other cancers. Fluorouracil 36-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18443433-3 2008 The 5-fluorouracil metabolite, fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate, forms a ternary complex with thymidylate synthase and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 4-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 95-115 18443433-4 2008 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time-honored connection between thymidylate synthase and 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 18443433-7 2008 The relationship between thymidylate synthase expression and 5-fluorouracil response was analyzed for the overall group, as well as for subsets. Fluorouracil 61-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 18443433-8 2008 Overall, the literature supported an approximately 2-fold inverse relationship between thymidylate synthase expression and response to 5-fluoruracil. Fluorouracil 135-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 87-107 18443433-12 2008 In sum, the connection between thymidylate synthase expression and patient response to 5-fluorouracil does not satisfy expectations for an effective drug-target relationship; and thus, studies of the thymidylate synthase tandem repeat status might only be clinically valuable in regards to patient toxicity. Fluorouracil 87-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 21136888-3 2008 Using proteome-fluorescence-based technology, we found that cetuximab is able to suppress the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), which is involved in the mechanism of 5-FU action. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-128 18245778-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Low tumour expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) have been linked with improved outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 231-245 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-64 18245778-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Low tumour expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) have been linked with improved outcome for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 247-251 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-64 18751392-1 2008 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that targets thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 12-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-93 18751392-1 2008 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that targets thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 12-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 95-97 18751392-1 2008 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that targets thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-93 18751392-1 2008 BACKGROUND: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug that targets thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 95-97 18442042-2 2008 TS messenger RNA and protein levels are predictive of response to 5-fluorouracil-containing therapy for patients with colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 18600533-1 2008 Fluorouracil (5FU) acts by RNA-incorporation and inhibition of thymidylate synthase; the first action is counteracted by uridine, and the second is enhanced by leucovorin (LV). Fluorouracil 0-12 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 18600533-1 2008 Fluorouracil (5FU) acts by RNA-incorporation and inhibition of thymidylate synthase; the first action is counteracted by uridine, and the second is enhanced by leucovorin (LV). Fluorouracil 14-17 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 18600534-0 2008 Functional inactivity and mutations of p53 differentially affect sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) by altering TS levels in colorectal cancer cells. Fluorouracil 80-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 162-164 18630453-1 2008 BACKGROUND: In advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) a low expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastases predicts a higher response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 138-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-92 18630453-1 2008 BACKGROUND: In advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) a low expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastases predicts a higher response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 18630453-1 2008 BACKGROUND: In advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) a low expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastases predicts a higher response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-92 17943475-2 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, being another potential mediator of therapeutic resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18473752-2 2008 The metabolism of 5FU requires the activity of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) among other enzymes. Fluorouracil 18-21 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 18473752-2 2008 The metabolism of 5FU requires the activity of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) among other enzymes. Fluorouracil 18-21 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 18357380-9 2008 The effects of 5-FU and SN-38 on thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression, an important determinant of 5-FU sensitivity, were assessed by Western blot analysis in H69 cells. Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 18357380-9 2008 The effects of 5-FU and SN-38 on thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression, an important determinant of 5-FU sensitivity, were assessed by Western blot analysis in H69 cells. Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-57 18357380-9 2008 The effects of 5-FU and SN-38 on thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression, an important determinant of 5-FU sensitivity, were assessed by Western blot analysis in H69 cells. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 18357380-9 2008 The effects of 5-FU and SN-38 on thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression, an important determinant of 5-FU sensitivity, were assessed by Western blot analysis in H69 cells. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-57 18357380-10 2008 Treatment with SN-38 for 24 h suppressed TS protein expression and this low level of TS was maintained for at least 72 h. Pretreatment with SN-38 inhibited the 5-FU-induced increase of TS protein. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 18357380-10 2008 Treatment with SN-38 for 24 h suppressed TS protein expression and this low level of TS was maintained for at least 72 h. Pretreatment with SN-38 inhibited the 5-FU-induced increase of TS protein. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-87 18357380-10 2008 Treatment with SN-38 for 24 h suppressed TS protein expression and this low level of TS was maintained for at least 72 h. Pretreatment with SN-38 inhibited the 5-FU-induced increase of TS protein. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-87 18357380-11 2008 The synergistic effect induced by the combination of SN-38 and 5-FU may be attributable to the SN-38-induced suppression of TS protein. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 124-126 18281538-1 2008 PURPOSE: The predictive role of the quantification of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors treated with antifolate drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been extensively reported in a variety of human tumors. Fluorouracil 129-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-74 18281538-1 2008 PURPOSE: The predictive role of the quantification of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors treated with antifolate drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been extensively reported in a variety of human tumors. Fluorouracil 129-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-78 18281538-1 2008 PURPOSE: The predictive role of the quantification of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors treated with antifolate drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been extensively reported in a variety of human tumors. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-74 18281538-1 2008 PURPOSE: The predictive role of the quantification of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors treated with antifolate drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been extensively reported in a variety of human tumors. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-78 18281538-9 2008 In patients with WD-NEC treated with 5-FU, high TS mRNA levels were associated with shorter time to progression (P = 0.002) and overall survival (P = 0.04). Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 18281538-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first time, (a) reports the differential TS expression in the spectrum of NETs and (b) indicates TS as a possible predictive marker of treatment efficacy in WD-NEC patients treated with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 219-223 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 18281538-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first time, (a) reports the differential TS expression in the spectrum of NETs and (b) indicates TS as a possible predictive marker of treatment efficacy in WD-NEC patients treated with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 219-223 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-132 18360075-1 2008 INTRODUCTION: Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidylate synthase (TS) are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 157-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 18360075-1 2008 INTRODUCTION: Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidylate synthase (TS) are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 157-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 18360075-1 2008 INTRODUCTION: Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidylate synthase (TS) are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 18360075-1 2008 INTRODUCTION: Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and thymidylate synthase (TS) are initial key enzymes in the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 18607850-2 2008 This study aimed to assess the range of gene copies per nucleus of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in colorectal cancer, and to evaluate its prognostic significance following adjuvant chemotherapy, since these enzymes are closely related to efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 314-328 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-87 18607850-2 2008 This study aimed to assess the range of gene copies per nucleus of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in colorectal cancer, and to evaluate its prognostic significance following adjuvant chemotherapy, since these enzymes are closely related to efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 314-328 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-93 18607850-2 2008 This study aimed to assess the range of gene copies per nucleus of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in colorectal cancer, and to evaluate its prognostic significance following adjuvant chemotherapy, since these enzymes are closely related to efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 330-333 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-87 18607850-2 2008 This study aimed to assess the range of gene copies per nucleus of thymidylate synthase (TYMS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in colorectal cancer, and to evaluate its prognostic significance following adjuvant chemotherapy, since these enzymes are closely related to efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 330-333 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-93 18425338-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a dNTP synthetic enzyme and is also a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 84-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18425338-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a dNTP synthetic enzyme and is also a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 84-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 18425338-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a dNTP synthetic enzyme and is also a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 100-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 18425338-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a dNTP synthetic enzyme and is also a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 100-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 18425338-5 2008 The elevated expression of TS in cancer cells is a serious obstacle in the clinical use of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-29 18425338-9 2008 Furthermore, the reduction of TS expression resulted in enhancement of the sensitivity to 5-FU in human colon cancer DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-32 17520254-0 2008 Expression level of thymidylate synthase mRNA reflects 5-fluorouracil sensitivity with low dose and long duration in primary colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 55-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-40 18357371-1 2008 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells is frequently suggested as an important prognostic factor for patients scheduled for chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 18357371-1 2008 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells is frequently suggested as an important prognostic factor for patients scheduled for chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 18357371-1 2008 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells is frequently suggested as an important prognostic factor for patients scheduled for chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 18357371-1 2008 Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumor cells is frequently suggested as an important prognostic factor for patients scheduled for chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 18507058-5 2008 TS mRNA levels in the supernatants were inversely correlated with the in vitro sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU in the gastrointestinal group (p = 0.002). Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 18507058-6 2008 CONCLUSION: The cell-free mRNA transcripts in malignant effusions were highly detectable and cell-free TS mRNA in gastrointestinal cancer patients were strongly associated with the sensitivity of primary cancer cells to 5-FU in vitro. Fluorouracil 220-224 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-105 18288408-2 2008 In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of the expression of the 5-FU metabolic enzyme genes, including orptate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidylate phosphorylate (TP) genes in CRC patients treated with oral 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 202-224 18288923-2 2008 Methotrexate {MTX, (1)} and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were among the first clinically useful DHFR and TS inhibitors, respectively. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 18288923-2 2008 Methotrexate {MTX, (1)} and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were among the first clinically useful DHFR and TS inhibitors, respectively. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 17942376-1 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target of several chemotherapeutic agents, including 5-FU and raltitrexed (Tomudex). Fluorouracil 95-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17943475-7 2008 TS-MMR expression was significantly (p=0.029 for whole series; p=0.004 for the 5-FU treated cases) related to response to treatment; tumours with low levels of both TS and MMR responded better (n=14/27, 51.8%) than those with high TS and MMR (n=3/18, 16.6%). Fluorouracil 79-83 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17943475-9 2008 CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that MSI patients with low TS and deficient MMR demonstrate a significantly shorter DFS and longer WMS than patients with high expression of both markers, and they are also more likely to obtain the greatest benefit from 5-FU based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 259-263 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-67 18607850-11 2008 CONCLUSION: Aberration of TYMS gene is of significance to expression of TYMS, which may influence the biology and 5-FU sensitivity of colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-30 18607850-11 2008 CONCLUSION: Aberration of TYMS gene is of significance to expression of TYMS, which may influence the biology and 5-FU sensitivity of colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-76 17943475-2 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, being another potential mediator of therapeutic resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17943475-2 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, being another potential mediator of therapeutic resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17943475-2 2008 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, being another potential mediator of therapeutic resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 18197934-2 2008 Gene expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), has recently been investigated in order to predict the 5-FU sensitivity of several cancers. Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-70 18197934-2 2008 Gene expression of 5-FU metabolic enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), has recently been investigated in order to predict the 5-FU sensitivity of several cancers. Fluorouracil 19-23 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 18197934-9 2008 TS and DPD mRNA expression levels may be useful indicators in predicting the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU in ESCC. Fluorouracil 100-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17854773-1 2007 Although the intratumoral expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are known to affect the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the importance of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) has remained unclear. Fluorouracil 161-175 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 21892263-7 2008 The main purpose of our study was to look for a correlation between the levels of expression of the genes for sensitivity to 5-FU (TS, TP, DPD) within the tumor and the clinical response observed after three courses of chemotherapy combining 5-FU/platinum salt in patients presenting with advanced cancer of the pharyngo-larynx. Fluorouracil 125-129 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 131-133 21892263-7 2008 The main purpose of our study was to look for a correlation between the levels of expression of the genes for sensitivity to 5-FU (TS, TP, DPD) within the tumor and the clinical response observed after three courses of chemotherapy combining 5-FU/platinum salt in patients presenting with advanced cancer of the pharyngo-larynx. Fluorouracil 242-246 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 131-133 17892912-0 2007 Quantitative double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry (qDFIHC), a novel technology to assess protein expression: a pilot study analyzing 5-FU sensitive markers thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and orotate phosphoribosyl transferases in gastric cancer tissue specimens. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 160-180 17854773-1 2007 Although the intratumoral expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are known to affect the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the importance of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) has remained unclear. Fluorouracil 177-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 17854149-0 2007 Thymidylate synthase and thymidine phosphorylase gene expression as predictive parameters for the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 110-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17854149-1 2007 AIM: To investigate the prognostic role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA levels in T3 or T4 gastric cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 154-168 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-63 17854149-1 2007 AIM: To investigate the prognostic role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) mRNA levels in T3 or T4 gastric cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 154-168 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-67 17854149-8 2007 CONCLUSION: Expression of TS and TP mRNA is a useful predictive parameter for the survival of postoperative gastric cancer patients after 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 138-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-28 18019677-1 2007 BACKGROUND/AIMS: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related metabolic enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidylate phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are initial, rate-limiting enzymes in the metabolism of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 17-31 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-139 17940834-11 2007 In NUGC-3/5FU/L, 5-FU-enhanced expression of TS mRNA was inhibited by the addition of CDHP. Fluorouracil 17-21 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-47 17896913-1 2007 Methotrexate {MTX, (1)} and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were among the first clinically useful DHFR and TS inhibitors, respectively. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 17896913-1 2007 Methotrexate {MTX, (1)} and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were among the first clinically useful DHFR and TS inhibitors, respectively. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 18019677-1 2007 BACKGROUND/AIMS: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related metabolic enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidylate phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are initial, rate-limiting enzymes in the metabolism of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 276-280 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-139 18019677-1 2007 BACKGROUND/AIMS: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related metabolic enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidylate phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are initial, rate-limiting enzymes in the metabolism of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 33-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-139 17377791-1 2007 PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) help in the prediction of the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo and in vitro in gastric cancers. Fluorouracil 176-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 17609664-3 2007 Interestingly, S3 cells were fourfold more susceptible to 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity due to downregulation of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 58-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-139 17609664-11 2007 Downregulation of thymidylate synthase in S3 cells renders them more susceptible to 5-fluorouracil-induced cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 84-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 17377791-1 2007 PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) help in the prediction of the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo and in vitro in gastric cancers. Fluorouracil 176-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 17377791-1 2007 PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) help in the prediction of the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo and in vitro in gastric cancers. Fluorouracil 192-196 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 17377791-1 2007 PURPOSE: It has been suggested that the gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) help in the prediction of the response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo and in vitro in gastric cancers. Fluorouracil 192-196 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 17377791-5 2007 In differentiated tumors, TS gene expression levels were higher in the tumors with relative resistance to 5-FU, while in undifferentiated cases, DPD mRNA levels were higher in tumors that showed resistance to 5-FU in vitro (P = 0.043 and 0.007, respectively). Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-28 17330233-0 2007 Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA expression after administration of 5-fluorouracil to patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17716232-1 2007 Several studies indicate that low thymidylate synthase (TS) protein levels in tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients are associated with better clinical response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and higher risk of toxicity. Fluorouracil 181-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-54 17716232-1 2007 Several studies indicate that low thymidylate synthase (TS) protein levels in tumor and normal tissues of colorectal cancer patients are associated with better clinical response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and higher risk of toxicity. Fluorouracil 181-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 17330233-1 2007 This study explores the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) exposure on mRNA levels of its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumors of colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 17330233-1 2007 This study explores the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) exposure on mRNA levels of its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumors of colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 17330233-1 2007 This study explores the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) exposure on mRNA levels of its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumors of colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 50-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 17330233-1 2007 This study explores the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) exposure on mRNA levels of its target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in tumors of colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 50-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 17119966-0 2007 Mechanisms of acquired chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil and tomudex: thymidylate synthase dependent and independent networks. Fluorouracil 42-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 17119966-1 2007 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) over-expression is widely accepted as a major molecular mechanism responsible for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tomudex (TDX) resistance. Fluorouracil 117-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 17119966-1 2007 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) over-expression is widely accepted as a major molecular mechanism responsible for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tomudex (TDX) resistance. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 17465714-3 2007 The most recent update regarding gastric cancer pharmacogenetics highlights a prominent role of genetic polymorphisms of thymidylate synthase and glutathione S-transferase in the pharmacological treatment with commonly used drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil and platinum derivatives. Fluorouracil 239-253 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-141 17278107-6 2007 This would severely decrease TS expression and may have implications for predicting efficacy and toxicity of therapy with commonly used fluorouracil-based therapy regimes. Fluorouracil 136-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 17425594-5 2007 Among these regions, 18p11.32 at the location of the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS) was strongly associated with resistance to 5-FU-based drugs. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 17482957-2 2007 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer agent used clinically against various cancers, including prostate cancer, inhibits DNA synthesis by binding TS. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 17482957-2 2007 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer agent used clinically against various cancers, including prostate cancer, inhibits DNA synthesis by binding TS. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 17425594-5 2007 Among these regions, 18p11.32 at the location of the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS) was strongly associated with resistance to 5-FU-based drugs. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-84 17425594-6 2007 A change in copy number of the TYMS gene was reflected in the TYMS expression level, and showed a significant negative correlation with sensitivity against 5-FU-based drugs. Fluorouracil 156-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-35 17425594-6 2007 A change in copy number of the TYMS gene was reflected in the TYMS expression level, and showed a significant negative correlation with sensitivity against 5-FU-based drugs. Fluorouracil 156-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-66 17417073-0 2007 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) polymorphisms in the Korean population for prediction of 5-fluorouracil-associated toxicity. Fluorouracil 128-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17417073-0 2007 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) polymorphisms in the Korean population for prediction of 5-fluorouracil-associated toxicity. Fluorouracil 128-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 17417073-1 2007 The important cellular proteins for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism are the major target enzymes, thymidylate synthase, and the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Fluorouracil 36-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-119 17417073-11 2007 These findings suggest that there may be an important relationship between the TYMS haplotypes examined and 5-FU toxicity. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-83 17417073-1 2007 The important cellular proteins for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism are the major target enzymes, thymidylate synthase, and the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation pathway, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-119 17417073-2 2007 Adverse drug reactions to 5-FU-based chemotherapy have been reported to be in part the result of polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genes. Fluorouracil 26-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 17417073-2 2007 Adverse drug reactions to 5-FU-based chemotherapy have been reported to be in part the result of polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genes. Fluorouracil 26-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 140-144 17220568-1 2006 Forty genetic variations including 14 novel ones were found in the human TYMS gene, which encodes thymidylate synthase, in 263 Japanese cancer patients who received 5-fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 165-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-77 17317154-1 2007 A significant association has been established, in clinical studies, between the expression or activity of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the efficiency of fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 157-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 17317154-1 2007 A significant association has been established, in clinical studies, between the expression or activity of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and the efficiency of fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 157-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-133 17203168-6 2007 Results show that TS genotype analysis clearly differentiates patients with a worst response to a 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 98-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 17660867-1 2007 The cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), however, at the same time 5-FU is catabolized by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 24-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 17660867-1 2007 The cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is mediated by the inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), however, at the same time 5-FU is catabolized by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 40-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 16929515-1 2006 We evaluated DNA polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TS) and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes for an association with response and survival in locally advanced gastric cancer treated with 5-FU based preoperative chemotherapy (CTx). Fluorouracil 218-222 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 16929515-1 2006 We evaluated DNA polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase (TS) and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes for an association with response and survival in locally advanced gastric cancer treated with 5-FU based preoperative chemotherapy (CTx). Fluorouracil 218-222 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-62 17275316-1 2007 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for a number of anticancer agents including the 5-fluorouracil metabolite, FdUMP. Fluorouracil 93-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17273745-4 2007 In the OXA + 5-FU group, patients with the TS 5" single nucleotide polymorphism and/or XRCC1 genotypes favourable to treatment had a better TTP (log-rank p=0.02). Fluorouracil 13-17 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 17096352-0 2007 The prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in colorectal cancer of 303 patients adjuvantly treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 149-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 17096352-1 2007 Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil 5-FU is mediated through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), and 5-FU is catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 20-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-94 17096352-1 2007 Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil 5-FU is mediated through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), and 5-FU is catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 20-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-98 17096352-1 2007 Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil 5-FU is mediated through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), and 5-FU is catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-94 17096352-1 2007 Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil 5-FU is mediated through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), and 5-FU is catabolised by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-98 17096352-2 2007 Efficacy of 5-FU may therefore depend on the TS and DPD activity of colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 12-16 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-47 16538493-1 2007 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme for DNA synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 107-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 16538493-1 2007 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme for DNA synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 107-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 16538493-1 2007 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme for DNA synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 16538493-1 2007 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important enzyme for DNA synthesis and the target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 17220568-1 2006 Forty genetic variations including 14 novel ones were found in the human TYMS gene, which encodes thymidylate synthase, in 263 Japanese cancer patients who received 5-fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 165-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-118 17172411-0 2006 Histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by down-regulating thymidylate synthase in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 17172411-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) overexpression is a key determinant of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17172411-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) overexpression is a key determinant of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17172411-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) overexpression is a key determinant of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17172411-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) overexpression is a key determinant of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17172411-2 2006 TS is also acutely up-regulated with 5-FU treatment, and, thus, novel strategies targeting TS down-regulation seem to be promising in terms of modulating 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17172411-2 2006 TS is also acutely up-regulated with 5-FU treatment, and, thus, novel strategies targeting TS down-regulation seem to be promising in terms of modulating 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17172411-2 2006 TS is also acutely up-regulated with 5-FU treatment, and, thus, novel strategies targeting TS down-regulation seem to be promising in terms of modulating 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-93 17172411-3 2006 Here, we report that histone deacetylase inhibitors can reverse 5-FU resistance by down-regulating TS. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-101 17172411-8 2006 Of note, combined treatment with low-dose trichostatin A and 5-FU enhanced 5-FU-mediated cytotoxicity in 5-FU-resistant cancer cells in accordance with TS protein down-regulation. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 17172411-8 2006 Of note, combined treatment with low-dose trichostatin A and 5-FU enhanced 5-FU-mediated cytotoxicity in 5-FU-resistant cancer cells in accordance with TS protein down-regulation. Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 17172411-8 2006 Of note, combined treatment with low-dose trichostatin A and 5-FU enhanced 5-FU-mediated cytotoxicity in 5-FU-resistant cancer cells in accordance with TS protein down-regulation. Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 16951200-1 2006 The thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) continues to play a pivotal role in the treatment of cancer. Fluorouracil 35-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 17214322-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17214322-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17016601-0 2006 Genotype of thymidylate synthase likely to affect efficacy of adjuvant 5-FU based chemotherapy in colon cancer. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 17016601-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase [TS, (EC 2.1.1.45)] is the target enzyme in 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17016601-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase [TS, (EC 2.1.1.45)] is the target enzyme in 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17016601-8 2006 In this prospective examination on a randomized controlled trial, the patients with colon cancer of the 2R/2R TS genotype may be good responders to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 148-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 17016601-9 2006 Furthermore, differences in the proportions of the TS genotypes can account for the interracial differences in the adverse effects of 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 134-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 17047489-8 2006 In-vitro results showed a higher sensitivity to 5-FU of cell lines with the lowest TS expression. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 83-85 17018589-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy. Fluorouracil 53-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17018589-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy. Fluorouracil 53-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17018589-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy. Fluorouracil 69-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 17018589-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapy. Fluorouracil 69-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 17108726-4 2006 PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of OPRT, DPD and TS in sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-78 16880781-1 2006 The sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported to be associated with target molecule thymidylate synthase (TS), fluoropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 19-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-117 16880781-1 2006 The sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported to be associated with target molecule thymidylate synthase (TS), fluoropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 19-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-121 16880781-1 2006 The sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported to be associated with target molecule thymidylate synthase (TS), fluoropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-117 16880781-1 2006 The sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been reported to be associated with target molecule thymidylate synthase (TS), fluoropyrimidine-metabolising enzymes such as orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-121 16951200-1 2006 The thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) continues to play a pivotal role in the treatment of cancer. Fluorouracil 51-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 16572420-1 2006 Gene expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) have been shown to be associated with response to 5-fluorouracil-based therapies. Fluorouracil 217-231 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 16943523-0 2006 Lymph node status and TS gene expression are prognostic markers in stage II/III rectal cancer after neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy. Fluorouracil 112-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16897968-6 2006 As one of the reasonable mechanism of antitumor synergism by the combination, CPT-11 and taxanes were found to reduce the expression of TS in human tumor resistant to 5-FU with high expression TS levels. Fluorouracil 167-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 136-138 16477629-3 2006 In this study, the mRNA expression levels of these 81 selected genes and the genes of 5-FU-related enzymes, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), were measured using real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays of surgically resected materials from primary colorectal tumors in 22 patients. Fluorouracil 86-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 16477629-3 2006 In this study, the mRNA expression levels of these 81 selected genes and the genes of 5-FU-related enzymes, including thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), were measured using real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays of surgically resected materials from primary colorectal tumors in 22 patients. Fluorouracil 86-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 140-142 16584912-5 2006 Furthermore, we measured the activity of the 5-FU metabolizing enzymes (thymidylate synthetase (TS), dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP)) in each cell line. Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-94 16187112-2 2006 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may play a central role in the action of 5-FU, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, by converting 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 85-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 17078208-1 2006 The major mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapies is thought to be inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 33-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-121 17078208-1 2006 The major mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapies is thought to be inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 33-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-125 17078208-1 2006 The major mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapies is thought to be inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 49-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-121 17078208-1 2006 The major mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based therapies is thought to be inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 49-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-125 16918130-7 2006 The cell lines without synergism between 5-FU +TDDP/CDDP had lower thymidylate synthase (TS) activities than those with synergism, suggesting TS might be attributable to the synergistic mechanism. Fluorouracil 41-45 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-87 16818496-8 2006 Recent pharmacogenetic studies focused on genes encoding proteins directly involved in drug activity, showing the role of thymidylate synthase and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 as prognostic factor in 5-fluorouracil- and gemcitabine-treated patients, respectively. Fluorouracil 216-230 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-142 16596248-0 2006 Thymidylate synthase expression pattern, expression level and single nucleotide polymorphism are predictors for disease-free survival in patients of colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 180-194 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16675565-2 2006 Given that thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, we studied the relationship between MSI and TS expression, and the prognostic effect of these and other markers (i.e., p53 and 17p allelic imbalance). Fluorouracil 53-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 16675565-2 2006 Given that thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited by 5-FU, we studied the relationship between MSI and TS expression, and the prognostic effect of these and other markers (i.e., p53 and 17p allelic imbalance). Fluorouracil 53-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 16596248-7 2006 Low TS expression levels, cytoplasmic expression pattern and C SNP arose as variables associated to longer progression-free survival (PFS) in patients treated with 5FU. Fluorouracil 164-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-6 16563096-3 2006 For example: 5-fluorouracil-derived agents would be used for tumors with a low expression of thymidylate synthase; gefitinib and erlotinib for tumors with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or increased EGFR gene copy numbers; cisplatin and carboplatin for tumors with a low expression of excision repair cross complementing-1; and gemcitabine for tumors with a low expression of ribonucleotide reductase. Fluorouracil 13-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 16809149-0 2006 Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase are related to histological effects of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary gastric cancer patients. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16809149-1 2006 UNLABELLED: Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 16809149-1 2006 UNLABELLED: Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 158-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 16809149-1 2006 UNLABELLED: Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 16809149-1 2006 UNLABELLED: Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 16809149-11 2006 CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary gastric cancer with one cycle of 5-FU and cisplatin was associated with histological findings in patients with low baseline TS and DPD. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 173-175 16609021-1 2006 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS), a critical target in fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, is a prognostic marker in colon carcinomas and a predictor of response to treatment. Fluorouracil 57-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 16609021-1 2006 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS), a critical target in fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, is a prognostic marker in colon carcinomas and a predictor of response to treatment. Fluorouracil 57-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 16612157-3 2006 Determination of the thymidylate synthase (TS) demonstrated a higher inhibition of the enzyme by adding CDDP to 5-FU, suggesting biochemical modulation. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 16575011-0 2006 Tumor thymidylate synthase 1494del6 genotype as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients receiving fluorouracil-based adjuvant treatment. Fluorouracil 108-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 6-26 16438929-2 2006 5-Fluorouracil is inactivated by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and targets thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-97 16619549-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are the major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and the impact of TS and DPD expression on prognosis and 5-FU efficacy has been studied in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16540728-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 133-147 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16619549-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are the major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and the impact of TS and DPD expression on prognosis and 5-FU efficacy has been studied in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16540728-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 133-147 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16540728-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 149-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16619549-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are the major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and the impact of TS and DPD expression on prognosis and 5-FU efficacy has been studied in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Fluorouracil 187-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16540728-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key regulatory enzyme in the cellular pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 149-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16540728-2 2006 Most clinical studies have shown that high levels of TS in tumors are associated with decreased sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 111-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 16619549-2 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are the major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and the impact of TS and DPD expression on prognosis and 5-FU efficacy has been studied in gastrointestinal carcinomas. Fluorouracil 187-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16512989-0 2006 Polymorphisms in the thymidylate synthase gene predict response to 5-fluorouracil therapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 67-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-41 16540728-11 2006 The results indicate that clinical studies of the significance of TS with regard to 5-FU-based chemotherapy should be based on assessment of TS activity at DNA, RNA, and protein levels. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-68 16251201-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are essential enzymes for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. Fluorouracil 106-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 16251201-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are essential enzymes for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. Fluorouracil 106-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 16251201-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are essential enzymes for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 16251201-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are essential enzymes for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 16251201-2 2006 In patients with advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC), retrospective studies have shown that low expression levels of TS and DPD correlated with response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-117 16251201-12 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Prospective selection of 5-FU/LV chemotherapy based on low TS and DPD expression in patients with ACRC did not confirm the high response rates reported in retrospective studies. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 16280240-7 2006 Maintenance adjuvant chemotherapy by oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly improved DFS and OS in patients with a TS 1+/2+ tumour (DFS: P = 0.0027, OS: P = 0.0398). Fluorouracil 42-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-119 16280240-7 2006 Maintenance adjuvant chemotherapy by oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly improved DFS and OS in patients with a TS 1+/2+ tumour (DFS: P = 0.0027, OS: P = 0.0398). Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-119 16280240-8 2006 These data suggest that the level of immunohistochemical TS expression is an independent prognosticator in patients with tongue SCC, and may be useful in the selection of patients who would benefit from oral 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 208-212 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 16391809-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are predictive markers for tumor response to 5-fluorouracil-based therapies. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16391809-1 2006 Thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are predictive markers for tumor response to 5-fluorouracil-based therapies. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16317430-11 2006 Testing for TS and GSTP1 polymorphisms may allow identification of gastric cancer patients who will benefit from 5-FU/cisplatin chemotherapy, sparing others the side effects of this chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-14 16424979-1 2006 To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, 106 cases of advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. Fluorouracil 167-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-119 16424979-1 2006 To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, 106 cases of advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. Fluorouracil 167-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-123 16424979-1 2006 To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, 106 cases of advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. Fluorouracil 183-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 99-119 16424979-1 2006 To investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the 3"-untranslated region (3"-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, 106 cases of advanced gastric cancer were analyzed. Fluorouracil 183-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-123 16424979-6 2006 These results show that the presence of the TS 3"-UTR 6 bp nucleotide fragment can be correlated with the sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, and that the TS 3"-UTR polymorphism profile can be used to guide the choice of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 139-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 16424979-6 2006 These results show that the presence of the TS 3"-UTR 6 bp nucleotide fragment can be correlated with the sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, and that the TS 3"-UTR polymorphism profile can be used to guide the choice of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 243-247 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 16424979-6 2006 These results show that the presence of the TS 3"-UTR 6 bp nucleotide fragment can be correlated with the sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, and that the TS 3"-UTR polymorphism profile can be used to guide the choice of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 243-247 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 177-179 17216005-5 2006 The main mechanisms of the resistance against 5-fluorouracil are due to the overexpression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, MRP8, thymidylate synthase, and NFkB p65. Fluorouracil 46-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-153 17065089-4 2006 TS is the main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity, and its overexpression is one of the mechanisms of 5-FU drug resistance; however, in some studies its absence is responsible for a worse response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 41-45 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 16617381-1 2006 AIM: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway, and represents a cellular target of antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-25 16617381-1 2006 AIM: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway, and represents a cellular target of antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-29 16617381-5 2006 Developing resistance against 5-fluorouracil (FURA) based drugs might be due to the failure of inhibition of thymidylate synthase enzyme function. Fluorouracil 30-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 109-129 16617381-5 2006 Developing resistance against 5-fluorouracil (FURA) based drugs might be due to the failure of inhibition of thymidylate synthase enzyme function. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 109-129 16617381-13 2006 This facts indicate that the analysis of promoter polymorphism of thymidylate synthase gene might be a useful target to examine before FURA-based chemotherapy, and might allow to go into the direction of individualized treatment of head and neck cancer. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 17065089-4 2006 TS is the main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity, and its overexpression is one of the mechanisms of 5-FU drug resistance; however, in some studies its absence is responsible for a worse response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 25-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17065089-4 2006 TS is the main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity, and its overexpression is one of the mechanisms of 5-FU drug resistance; however, in some studies its absence is responsible for a worse response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 17065089-4 2006 TS is the main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) activity, and its overexpression is one of the mechanisms of 5-FU drug resistance; however, in some studies its absence is responsible for a worse response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 15918040-5 2005 In this study, correlation between the polymorphic tandem repeat sequences of the TYMS gene and the antitumor activities of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FUdR) were investigated with 30 established human cell lines derived from solid tumors. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-86 17179731-0 2006 Predictive role of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidine phosphorylase expression in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 161-175 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 16739880-4 2006 The main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 19-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-74 16739880-4 2006 The main target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-74 16267625-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and methotrexate. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16267625-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and methotrexate. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 16267625-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and methotrexate. Fluorouracil 99-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16267625-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and methotrexate. Fluorouracil 99-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 15918040-5 2005 In this study, correlation between the polymorphic tandem repeat sequences of the TYMS gene and the antitumor activities of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FUdR) were investigated with 30 established human cell lines derived from solid tumors. Fluorouracil 140-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-86 16012177-1 2005 BACKGROUND: The predictive value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression on long-term survival by influencing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) effect were determined in primary tumours and node metastases of stage III colon cancer patients treated adjuvantly with 5-FU regimens (n=391). Fluorouracil 152-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 16282729-0 2005 [Expression of mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase of colorectal cancer--relationships among mRNA levels in association with response to 5-FU based treatment]. Fluorouracil 209-213 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-50 16249645-9 2005 Both patients were positive for genotypes of thymidylate synthase -- the target enzyme of 5-FU -- that are associated with improved drug response. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 16282729-3 2005 In 39 patients who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy with evaluable lesions, patients with low TS expression (n = 23) showed a higher response rate (52%) as compared to those with high TS expression (13%, p = 0.02). Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-96 16282729-3 2005 In 39 patients who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy with evaluable lesions, patients with low TS expression (n = 23) showed a higher response rate (52%) as compared to those with high TS expression (13%, p = 0.02). Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 184-186 16282729-6 2005 In conclusion, low TS expression followed by low DPD expression is important to predict the efficacy of 5-FU-based treatment for colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 104-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-21 16160472-2 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are known to be important biomarkers to predict tumor response to 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16160472-2 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are known to be important biomarkers to predict tumor response to 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16012177-1 2005 BACKGROUND: The predictive value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression on long-term survival by influencing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) effect were determined in primary tumours and node metastases of stage III colon cancer patients treated adjuvantly with 5-FU regimens (n=391). Fluorouracil 152-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-60 16012177-1 2005 BACKGROUND: The predictive value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression on long-term survival by influencing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) effect were determined in primary tumours and node metastases of stage III colon cancer patients treated adjuvantly with 5-FU regimens (n=391). Fluorouracil 168-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 16141798-1 2005 The present study aimed to prospectively investigate the influence of thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphisms (5"-TSER, 3"-TSUTR) on the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Fluorouracil 263-277 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 16141798-0 2005 Influence of thymidylate synthase gene polymorphisms on the survival of colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 118-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 16141798-1 2005 The present study aimed to prospectively investigate the influence of thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphisms (5"-TSER, 3"-TSUTR) on the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who were treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Fluorouracil 279-283 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 15993511-0 2005 The role of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in resistance to 5-fluorouracil in human lung cancer cells. Fluorouracil 86-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 16182121-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) intratumoural expression may be a prognostic marker and predict outcome of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16182121-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) intratumoural expression may be a prognostic marker and predict outcome of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16182121-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) intratumoural expression may be a prognostic marker and predict outcome of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 16182121-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) intratumoural expression may be a prognostic marker and predict outcome of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 16207145-1 2005 Folate metabolism is the target of two major drug groups: folate antagonists (for example, methotrexate) and thymidylate synthase inhibitors (for example, 5-fluorouracil). Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 109-129 16270533-2 2005 Metabolizing enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have long been known to be useful for predicting response and outcome in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 189-203 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 16270533-2 2005 Metabolizing enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have long been known to be useful for predicting response and outcome in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 189-203 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 16270533-2 2005 Metabolizing enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have long been known to be useful for predicting response and outcome in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 205-209 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 16270533-2 2005 Metabolizing enzymes such as thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have long been known to be useful for predicting response and outcome in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 205-209 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 15993511-1 2005 The expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) and intracellular metabolic enzymes have been reported to be associated with the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 159-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 15993511-1 2005 The expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) and intracellular metabolic enzymes have been reported to be associated with the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 159-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 15993511-1 2005 The expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) and intracellular metabolic enzymes have been reported to be associated with the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 15993511-1 2005 The expressions of thymidylate synthase (TS) and intracellular metabolic enzymes have been reported to be associated with the sensitivity and/or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 15993511-2 2005 However, since the role of these enzymes in the mechanism of resistance to 5-FU has not been fully examined in lung cancer, in the present study we measured the expression levels of TS, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) genes in lung cancer cell lines by real-time PCR, and the sensitivity to 5-FU using the MTS assay. Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 182-184 15993511-5 2005 In contrast, TS expression was dramatically higher in a 5-FU-resistant small-cell lung cancer cell line than in the parent cell line, whereas the expressions of DPD, TP, and OPRT genes were not markedly different. Fluorouracil 56-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-15 16077970-6 2005 A significant association was found between tumour TS expression and response to treatment with 5-FU plus FA with irinotecan (p=0.05). Fluorouracil 96-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 16077970-8 2005 Immunohistochemical TS expression levels might be used both as a prognostic marker and to help identify patients who would benefit from 5-FU based regime. Fluorouracil 136-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-22 16009948-7 2005 In the subgroup of patients treated with surgery alone, the expression of TS in lymph node metastases also had a prognostic value for OS (P = .04) and DFS (P = .03), but this was not the case for the other subgroup who received adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (OS, P = .5; DFS, P = .2). Fluorouracil 237-249 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 16055198-3 2005 Humoral immune response to TYMS is induced by chemotherapy using TYMS inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and may be associated with tumor burden. Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-31 16055198-3 2005 Humoral immune response to TYMS is induced by chemotherapy using TYMS inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and may be associated with tumor burden. Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-69 16055198-3 2005 Humoral immune response to TYMS is induced by chemotherapy using TYMS inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and may be associated with tumor burden. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-31 16055198-3 2005 Humoral immune response to TYMS is induced by chemotherapy using TYMS inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and may be associated with tumor burden. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-69 15890242-0 2005 Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene expression in breast cancer predicts 5-FU sensitivity by a histocultural drug sensitivity test. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19956517-0 2005 Thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase, VEGF and p53 protein expression in primary colorectal cancer for predicting response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 135-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 19956517-3 2005 The expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and p53 have been known to be associated with the clinical response to 5-FU-based therapy as well as the prognosis, and that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with poor survival. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15944938-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a major target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15944938-11 2005 The current study demonstrated that TS but not DPD expression was associated with both progression and prognosis in breast cancer receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 140-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 15944938-12 2005 TS expression in the primary tumor might be useful as a predictive parameter for the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 16030402-1 2005 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and has a polymorphic 28 bp tandem repeated sequence. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 16030402-1 2005 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and has a polymorphic 28 bp tandem repeated sequence. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 15890242-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS), Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP) gene expressions are reported to be predictive markers for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 157-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15890242-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS), Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP) gene expressions are reported to be predictive markers for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 157-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15890242-1 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS), Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP) gene expressions are reported to be predictive markers for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancer. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15890242-7 2005 The group of high TS and high DPD gene expression in Ca was resistant to 5-FU, and the group of low TS and low DPD gene expression in Ca was sensitive to 5-FU (P=0.048 chi-square test). Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 15890242-7 2005 The group of high TS and high DPD gene expression in Ca was resistant to 5-FU, and the group of low TS and low DPD gene expression in Ca was sensitive to 5-FU (P=0.048 chi-square test). Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 15890242-8 2005 TS and DPD mRNA expressions measured using LCM+RT-PCR might be useful predictive markers for 5-FU sensitivity in human breast cancer. Fluorouracil 93-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 15670580-0 2005 Modulation of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity through thymidylate synthase and NF-kappaB down-regulation and its application on the radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine therapy on human hepatoma cell. Fluorouracil 14-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-70 15897576-1 2005 PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic role of thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients treated with radical surgery and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 147-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 15897576-1 2005 PURPOSE: To investigate the prognostic role of thymidylate synthase (TS) polymorphisms in gastric cancer patients treated with radical surgery and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 147-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 15864374-1 2005 Response of colorectal cancers to 5-fluorouracil appears to be influenced by differences in thymidylate synthase (TS) expression. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-112 15864374-1 2005 Response of colorectal cancers to 5-fluorouracil appears to be influenced by differences in thymidylate synthase (TS) expression. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 15952572-10 2005 CONCLUSION: The NPC patients with LRP and TS expression may be less sensitive to chemotherapy with DDP + 5-FU. Fluorouracil 105-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-44 15735113-0 2005 Thymidylate synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism in normal tissue as predictors of fluorouracil sensitivity. Fluorouracil 113-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15735113-1 2005 PURPOSE: To analyze thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism with respect to fluorouracil (FU) sensitivity. Fluorouracil 128-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-40 15670580-1 2005 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was known to increase the incorporation of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 15670580-1 2005 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was known to increase the incorporation of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 15670580-1 2005 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was known to increase the incorporation of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 15546879-1 2005 The thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used widely for chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 35-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 15670580-1 2005 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was known to increase the incorporation of radiolabelled iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 15546879-1 2005 The thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used widely for chemotherapy of colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 51-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 15655543-6 2005 Quantitative expression levels of drug pathway genes were determined using TaqMan RT-PCR (5-fluorouracil (5-FU): TYMS, DPYD, ECGF1; oxaliplatin: GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi), ERCC1 and 2; irinotecan: ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, CES2, TOP1). Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 113-117 15770397-0 2005 Expression level of thymidylate synthase is a good predictor of chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 84-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-40 15770397-5 2005 RESULTS: A significant increase in the TS expression score was observed in 5-FU-sensitive colorectal cancers (0.57 +/- 0.19) compared to 5-FU-resistant ones (1.16 +/- 0.98; P = 0.029), whereas no significant differences in DPD expression scores were observed in 5-FU-sensitive colorectal cancers (0.86 +/- 1.19) compared to 5-FU-resistant ones (0.56 +/- 1.05; P = 0.603). Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-7 15655543-6 2005 Quantitative expression levels of drug pathway genes were determined using TaqMan RT-PCR (5-fluorouracil (5-FU): TYMS, DPYD, ECGF1; oxaliplatin: GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase pi), ERCC1 and 2; irinotecan: ABCB1, ABCG2, CYP3A4, UGT1A1, CES2, TOP1). Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 113-117 15727486-7 2005 Several studies confirm the influence of the activity of thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase on the outcome of fluorouracil therapy for colorectal cancer, with higher enzyme activities predicting lower treatment efficacy. Fluorouracil 157-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-77 15727486-8 2005 Although fewer studies are available regarding therapy of hepatic metastases, the same relationship between thymidylate synthase activity and outcome of fluorouracil therapy observed for primary colorectal cancer was found. Fluorouracil 153-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-128 16178783-4 2005 Thymidylate synthase (TS or ThyA) has long been considered as one of the best-known drug targets in the anti-cancer area, after which old and new drugs, such as 5-fluoro uracil and the anti-folate ZD1694, have been introduced into chemotherapy to treat solid tumours. Fluorouracil 161-176 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15638735-2 2005 TS was established as the principal target of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 78-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 15638735-2 2005 TS was established as the principal target of the widely used anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 94-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 15638735-5 2005 5FU is non-ideal as a TS-inhibitory drug because it is only inefficiently converted to FdUMP, while the remainder of the administered dose is converted to toxic metabolites. Fluorouracil 0-3 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15538739-3 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are thought to be important predictors for the efficiency of 5-FU-based treatment. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15999119-1 2005 The enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) are involved in the metabolism of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 208-222 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 15386371-0 2004 Single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5" tandem repeat sequences of thymidylate synthase gene predicts for response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 119-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 15386371-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15386371-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15386371-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15386371-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15386371-2 2004 A VNTR polymorphism in the TS promoter region is associated with the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-29 15386371-14 2004 The selection of patients who are likely to respond to 5-FU therapy may be considerably improved if the TS genotype were to include both the VNTR and the SNP located within the promoter region of the gene. Fluorouracil 55-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-106 15359285-3 2004 Mutants of two of these enzymes, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR F/S) and thymidylate synthase (TS G52S), were previously shown to confer resistance to methotrexate and 5-FU, respectively, and recently a fusion cDNA of both mutant enzymes (DHFR F/S-TS G52S) was shown to confer dual resistance to both antimetabolites. Fluorouracil 167-171 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-92 15571969-1 2004 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15571969-1 2004 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15571969-1 2004 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 107-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15571969-1 2004 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 107-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15571969-7 2004 As TS is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU), we can hypothesise that TS expression levels in the different histotypes of CRC could affect the potential responsiveness of these tumours to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with a low efficacy being expected in signet ring cell areas. Fluorouracil 71-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 3-5 15571969-7 2004 As TS is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU), we can hypothesise that TS expression levels in the different histotypes of CRC could affect the potential responsiveness of these tumours to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with a low efficacy being expected in signet ring cell areas. Fluorouracil 71-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-119 15571969-7 2004 As TS is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU), we can hypothesise that TS expression levels in the different histotypes of CRC could affect the potential responsiveness of these tumours to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with a low efficacy being expected in signet ring cell areas. Fluorouracil 87-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 3-5 15571969-7 2004 As TS is the key enzyme for DNA synthesis pathways and is inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5FU), we can hypothesise that TS expression levels in the different histotypes of CRC could affect the potential responsiveness of these tumours to fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy, with a low efficacy being expected in signet ring cell areas. Fluorouracil 87-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-119 15640503-0 2004 Prognostic implications of the expression of erbB2, topoisomerase II alpha and thymidylate synthase in metastatic gastric cancer after fluorouracil-based therapy. Fluorouracil 135-147 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 15538739-3 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are thought to be important predictors for the efficiency of 5-FU-based treatment. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15538739-4 2004 The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between TS-, TP-, and DPD-gene expression and the response to 5-FU-based long-term pre-operative chemoradiotherapy assessed by histopathological tumour regression. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-65 15538739-12 2004 In conclusion, this study shows that TS gene expression in a pretreatment biopsy predicts the response of local rectal cancer to neo-adjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy in a high percentage. Fluorouracil 142-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 15375535-0 2004 Thymidylate synthase expression pattern is a prognostic factor in patients of colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 109-123 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15688605-2 2004 An example of a drug for which clear predictive parameters have been identified is 5-fluorouracil (5FU): its antitumor activity is limited by either a high activity of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and/or a high activity of its degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 186-206 15688605-2 2004 An example of a drug for which clear predictive parameters have been identified is 5-fluorouracil (5FU): its antitumor activity is limited by either a high activity of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and/or a high activity of its degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 208-210 15688605-2 2004 An example of a drug for which clear predictive parameters have been identified is 5-fluorouracil (5FU): its antitumor activity is limited by either a high activity of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and/or a high activity of its degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 99-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 186-206 15688605-2 2004 An example of a drug for which clear predictive parameters have been identified is 5-fluorouracil (5FU): its antitumor activity is limited by either a high activity of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) and/or a high activity of its degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 99-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 208-210 15492820-9 2004 Vinorelbine suppressed the 5-FU-induced increase in TS protein in A549 cells. Fluorouracil 27-31 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 15549590-0 2004 Prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who receive protracted venous infusions of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 137-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 15549590-1 2004 BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in the tumor tissue of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who received protracted venous infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 233-247 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 15549590-1 2004 BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in the tumor tissue of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who received protracted venous infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 233-247 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 102-104 15549590-1 2004 BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in the tumor tissue of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who received protracted venous infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 249-253 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 102-104 15549590-5 2004 CONCLUSION: In patients with metastatic CRC who received protracted venous infusions of 5-FU, TS expression was related to survival independently of other established clinical prognostic factors. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-96 15500737-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma and between the TS expression and the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on advanced colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 184-198 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 15591457-0 2004 Immunohistochemical evaluation of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16INK4a in advanced colorectal cancer: implication of TS expression in 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-121 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-75 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-213 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-213 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-75 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-213 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 155-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 211-213 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 244-248 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-75 15591457-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Our previous analyses on the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16(INK4a) in colorectal cancer patients administered 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-operatively demonstrated that a high level of TS expression was a predictor of 5-FU resistance, and that the combination of a low level of TS expression and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy implicated chemosensitivity. Fluorouracil 244-248 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 15591457-2 2004 The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the biological behavior of advanced colorectal cancer treated post-operatively by 5-FU-based chemotherapy and the expression of TS and p16(INK4a) in primary tumors. Fluorouracil 141-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 187-189 15591457-10 2004 We suggest that, in the Dukes" C group, a 5-FU-based regimen can be chosen as a first-line chemotherapy for low TS expressors. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 112-114 15571286-1 2004 The action of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is mediated by inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), which is regulated by cell cycle proteins controlled by protein phosphorylation. Fluorouracil 14-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 15571286-1 2004 The action of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is mediated by inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS), which is regulated by cell cycle proteins controlled by protein phosphorylation. Fluorouracil 30-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 15500737-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma and between the TS expression and the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) on advanced colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 200-204 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 152-154 15353299-6 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) continues to be a critical target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrugs, UFT/LV (Orzel), capecitabine (Xeloda), and S-1, primarily because this enzyme is essential for the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidine-5-monophosphate, a precursor for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15353299-6 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) continues to be a critical target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrugs, UFT/LV (Orzel), capecitabine (Xeloda), and S-1, primarily because this enzyme is essential for the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidine-5-monophosphate, a precursor for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15353301-1 2004 Cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that target the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) have been and are still being widely used in cancer treatment, but as with other anti-cancer drugs, the majority of tumors do not respond to the treatment, whereas the patients still suffer drug-related toxicity. Fluorouracil 21-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 15353299-6 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) continues to be a critical target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrugs, UFT/LV (Orzel), capecitabine (Xeloda), and S-1, primarily because this enzyme is essential for the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidine-5-monophosphate, a precursor for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15353301-1 2004 Cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that target the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) have been and are still being widely used in cancer treatment, but as with other anti-cancer drugs, the majority of tumors do not respond to the treatment, whereas the patients still suffer drug-related toxicity. Fluorouracil 21-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 15353301-1 2004 Cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that target the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) have been and are still being widely used in cancer treatment, but as with other anti-cancer drugs, the majority of tumors do not respond to the treatment, whereas the patients still suffer drug-related toxicity. Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 15353299-6 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) continues to be a critical target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and its prodrugs, UFT/LV (Orzel), capecitabine (Xeloda), and S-1, primarily because this enzyme is essential for the synthesis of 2-deoxythymidine-5-monophosphate, a precursor for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15353301-1 2004 Cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) that target the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) have been and are still being widely used in cancer treatment, but as with other anti-cancer drugs, the majority of tumors do not respond to the treatment, whereas the patients still suffer drug-related toxicity. Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 15197779-0 2004 Topoisomerase-I, thymidylate synthase primary tumour expression and clinical efficacy of 5-FU/CPT-11 chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 89-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 15353301-5 2004 Thus, considerable interest was generated by data suggesting that the variable number of a 28 base-pair (bp) segment in the promoter region of the TS gene was associated with TS gene expression and/or protein expression, as well as with tumor response to 5-FU therapy, toxicity and patient survival. Fluorouracil 255-259 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 147-149 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 161-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 161-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15446554-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the TS expression level of cancer tissues is a potential predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 161-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 15446554-3 2004 Therefore, the TS polymorphism may also be a predictor of the response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 74-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-17 15446554-11 2004 These results suggest that the TS gene polymorphism and TS protein level may be independent predictors for 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 15446554-11 2004 These results suggest that the TS gene polymorphism and TS protein level may be independent predictors for 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 107-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-58 15355913-5 2004 RESULTS: We identified the following three genes coding for proliferation-related proteins: thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which is involved in chemoresistance (5-fluorouracil); 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleotide transfolmylase/inosinicase (AICRT/I); and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PKG1), which was secreted by tumor cells and involved in the angiogenic process. Fluorouracil 161-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-112 15355913-5 2004 RESULTS: We identified the following three genes coding for proliferation-related proteins: thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which is involved in chemoresistance (5-fluorouracil); 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleotide transfolmylase/inosinicase (AICRT/I); and phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PKG1), which was secreted by tumor cells and involved in the angiogenic process. Fluorouracil 161-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-118 15355913-9 2004 CONCLUSIONS: TYMS and PGK1, as well as their epitope peptides, might be appropriate target molecules for specific immunotherapy of HLA-A2(+) colon cancer patients because of the positive role of TYMS and PGK1 in chemoresistance (5-fluorouracil) and angiogenesis of tumor cells, respectively. Fluorouracil 229-243 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-17 15355920-0 2004 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism predicts toxicity in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15355920-1 2004 PURPOSE: The target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 31-45 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 15355920-1 2004 PURPOSE: The target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 31-45 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 15355920-1 2004 PURPOSE: The target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 47-51 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 15355920-1 2004 PURPOSE: The target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 47-51 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 15355920-3 2004 TS expression predicts response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, and the expression seems to be determined by the TYMS gene promoter. Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 15355920-4 2004 The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of determining these two TYMS gene polymorphisms to predict the toxicity and efficacy of 5-FU treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 142-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-82 15355920-5 2004 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The determination of TYMS genotypes was performed in tumor and normal tissues by PCR amplification from 90 patients with colorectal cancer who were treated with adjuvant or palliative 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 205-209 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-46 15355920-8 2004 RESULTS: Individuals who were homozygous for the double repeat in the TYMS promoter region had more severe side effects to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-74 15355920-10 2004 The TYMS promoter and TYMS 3"-UTR polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium, and the haplotype 2R/ins 6-bp was significantly associated with a high risk of severe side effects to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 182-186 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-8 15355920-10 2004 The TYMS promoter and TYMS 3"-UTR polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium, and the haplotype 2R/ins 6-bp was significantly associated with a high risk of severe side effects to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 182-186 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 15355920-12 2004 CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that TYMS genotyping could be of help in predicting toxicity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 101-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-46 15197779-1 2004 While several studies have reported that thymidylate synthase (TS) tumour expression can be a reliable predictive marker of clinical response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for advanced colorectal cancer patients, only a few studies that searched for predictive factors of irinotecan (CPT-11) clinical response are available. Fluorouracil 145-159 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-61 15197779-1 2004 While several studies have reported that thymidylate synthase (TS) tumour expression can be a reliable predictive marker of clinical response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for advanced colorectal cancer patients, only a few studies that searched for predictive factors of irinotecan (CPT-11) clinical response are available. Fluorouracil 161-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-61 15213713-2 2004 Functional polymorphisms in DNA-repair genes XPD, ERCC1, XRCC1, XPA, and metabolising genes glutathione S-transferase GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were assessed retrospectively in 106 patients with refractory stage IV disease who received 5-FU/oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy, using a polymerase chain reaction-based RFLP technique. Fluorouracil 261-265 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 143-163 15260847-1 2004 High expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is allegedly associated with the chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 15260847-1 2004 High expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is allegedly associated with the chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 15260847-1 2004 High expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is allegedly associated with the chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 15260847-1 2004 High expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) is allegedly associated with the chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 15260847-4 2004 We immunohistochemically evaluated the relationship between the expression of TS, p16(INK4a), CDK4 and cyclin D1 and the effect of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 131-135 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 15260847-12 2004 In conclusion, the combination of low expression of TS and induction of p16(INK4a) after chemotherapy can be important indicators of the sensitivity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 15205195-0 2004 5-Fluorouracil incorporation into RNA and DNA in relation to thymidylate synthase inhibition of human colorectal cancers. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-81 15205195-1 2004 BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and DNA, but limited data are available in human tumor tissue for the latter. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 15205195-1 2004 BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and DNA, but limited data are available in human tumor tissue for the latter. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 15205195-1 2004 BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and DNA, but limited data are available in human tumor tissue for the latter. Fluorouracil 55-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 15205195-1 2004 BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and DNA, but limited data are available in human tumor tissue for the latter. Fluorouracil 55-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 14689231-2 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of FUra, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme of pyrimidines, have both been reported to be predictors of the response to FUra-based chemotherapies. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15330198-0 2004 Thymidylate synthetase (TS) genotype and TS/dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA level as an indicator in determining chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in advanced gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil 138-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 15330198-1 2004 BACKGROUND: One of the target enzymes of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthetase (TS). Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-88 15330198-1 2004 BACKGROUND: One of the target enzymes of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is thymidylate synthetase (TS). Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-88 15222106-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been identified as a predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 119-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15222106-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been identified as a predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15060742-1 2004 PURPOSE: Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and uridine phosphorylase (UP), has been reported to be associated with the sensitivity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 311-315 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 23-43 15060742-1 2004 PURPOSE: Expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolic enzymes, including dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and uridine phosphorylase (UP), has been reported to be associated with the sensitivity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 311-315 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-47 15067352-9 2004 5-FU metabolism-associated genes (e.g., TYMS, DTYMK, UP) and DNA repair genes (e.g., FEN1, FANCG, RAD23B) were also up-regulated in one or both resistant derivatives, suggesting that the resistant derivatives might be able to overcome both 5-FU inhibition of thymidylate synthase and the DNA damage caused by 5-FU, respectively. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-44 15067352-9 2004 5-FU metabolism-associated genes (e.g., TYMS, DTYMK, UP) and DNA repair genes (e.g., FEN1, FANCG, RAD23B) were also up-regulated in one or both resistant derivatives, suggesting that the resistant derivatives might be able to overcome both 5-FU inhibition of thymidylate synthase and the DNA damage caused by 5-FU, respectively. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 259-279 15132128-2 2004 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking thymidylate synthase (TS) but is inactivated by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 15132128-2 2004 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking thymidylate synthase (TS) but is inactivated by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 15132128-3 2004 Favorable enzyme profiles (high TP and low DPD) generate high intratumor levels of 5-FU that are effective against many tumors, especially those with low TS. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 154-156 14689231-2 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of FUra, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme of pyrimidines, have both been reported to be predictors of the response to FUra-based chemotherapies. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 14689231-2 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of FUra, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme of pyrimidines, have both been reported to be predictors of the response to FUra-based chemotherapies. Fluorouracil 208-212 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14689231-2 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of FUra, and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the rate-limiting catabolic enzyme of pyrimidines, have both been reported to be predictors of the response to FUra-based chemotherapies. Fluorouracil 208-212 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 54-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 161-181 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 54-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-185 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 70-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 161-181 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 70-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-185 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 161-181 15114696-2 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) which catalyzes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), responsible for catalyzing doxifluridine to 5-FU, and thymidylate synthase (TS) were estimated for breast cancer. Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-185 14679120-1 2004 BACKGROUND: The level of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) is known to inversely correlate with the clinical activity of 5-fluorouracil (FU) in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 14735204-0 2004 Thymidylate synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms: relationships with 5-fluorouracil sensitivity. Fluorouracil 100-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15010882-2 2004 In this study we have investigated the association between the MSI status and the mRNA expression as well as the polymorphisms of the cellular target of 5-FU therapy, thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 153-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-187 14970324-0 2004 Digital karyotyping identifies thymidylate synthase amplification as a mechanism of resistance to 5-fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 98-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 14970324-4 2004 Analysis of TYMS by fluorescence in situ hybridization identified TYMS gene amplification in 23% of 31 5-FU-treated cancers, whereas no amplification was observed in metastases of patients that had not been treated with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 103-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-70 14970324-6 2004 These data suggest that genetic amplification of TYMS is a major mechanism of 5-FU resistance in vivo and have important implications for the management of colorectal cancer patients with recurrent disease. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-53 14962716-2 2004 In vitro studies have shown that irinotecan downregulates thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in tumour cells, leading to synergy between irinotecan and 5-FU that is maximal when irinotecan is given 24 h prior to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 154-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 14962716-2 2004 In vitro studies have shown that irinotecan downregulates thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in tumour cells, leading to synergy between irinotecan and 5-FU that is maximal when irinotecan is given 24 h prior to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 214-218 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 15025795-0 2004 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase polymorphisms and their association with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 98-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 14760062-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the fluoropyrimidine class of drugs, has a 28-bp repeat polymorphism in the promoter region that has been associated with response of tumors to 5-fluorouracil-based therapy. Fluorouracil 192-206 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14760062-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the fluoropyrimidine class of drugs, has a 28-bp repeat polymorphism in the promoter region that has been associated with response of tumors to 5-fluorouracil-based therapy. Fluorouracil 192-206 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 14726200-1 2004 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target in colon cancer therapeutic protocols utilizing such drugs as 5-fluorouracil and raltitrexed. Fluorouracil 102-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14654960-0 2004 The transfection of thymidylate synthase antisense suppresses oncogenic properties of a human colon cancer cell line and augments the antitumor effect of fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 154-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-40 14716816-0 2004 Correlation of thymidylate synthase, thymidine phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase with sensitivity of gastrointestinal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine. Fluorouracil 150-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 14716816-1 2004 AIM: To determine the expression levels of three metabolic enzymes of fluoropyrimidines: thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in seven human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, and to compare the enzyme levels with the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). Fluorouracil 295-309 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 14716816-1 2004 AIM: To determine the expression levels of three metabolic enzymes of fluoropyrimidines: thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in seven human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, and to compare the enzyme levels with the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). Fluorouracil 311-315 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 15224198-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) in combination have synergistic cytotoxicity against both murine and human neoplasms, the precise mechanism of the synergism, and the effects on thymidylate synthase and its percent inhibition, and the effects on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) remained to be elucidated. Fluorouracil 21-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 233-253 15224198-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) in combination have synergistic cytotoxicity against both murine and human neoplasms, the precise mechanism of the synergism, and the effects on thymidylate synthase and its percent inhibition, and the effects on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) remained to be elucidated. Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 233-253 14654960-3 2004 The aim of this study was to determine if antisense TS technology could augment the chemosensitivity of human cancer cells to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 14654960-8 2004 The 50% inhibition values of 5-FU on DLD-1/anti-TS were approximately one forth that on parental cells. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 14654960-10 2004 The tumor growth of DLD-1/anti-TS cells was suppressed significantly more than that of DLD-1 cells by the 5-FU. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 14654960-11 2004 The expression and activity of TS in human colon cancer cells were effectively inhibited by TS antisense treatment and the effect of 5-FU to cancer cells can be augmented. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 15539918-0 2004 Thymidylate synthase expression in normal colonic mucosa: a predictive marker of toxicity in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 130-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 15043163-3 2004 The magnitude and duration of TS inhibition following exposure of HT29 cells to FdUMP[10] at 1 x 10(-8) M was greater than that which occurred following exposure of these cells to 5FU at 1 x 10(-6) M. FdUMP[10] exposure also resulted in much more extensive DNA damage to HT29 cells than occurred following exposure to 100-fold higher concentrations of 5FU. Fluorouracil 180-183 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-32 15539918-1 2004 OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively evaluated the relevance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in normal colonic mucosa as a predictive factor of toxicity in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 204-216 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 15539918-1 2004 OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively evaluated the relevance of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in normal colonic mucosa as a predictive factor of toxicity in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 204-216 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-82 15539918-2 2004 METHODS: TS expression was immunohistochemically assessed on normal colonic mucosa from 50 patients with colorectal cancer Dukes" stages B (15 patients) and C (35 patients) treated with 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 186-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-11 15539918-6 2004 CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical TS expression in normal colonic mucosa may represent an important predictive parameter for identifying a subset of patients with a high risk of developing severe 5-FU-related toxicities. Fluorouracil 195-199 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 14576935-2 2003 In the present study, the associations among phenotypic marker expression of gastric carcinomas, tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) expression, and the chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined. Fluorouracil 178-192 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 125-127 14612954-1 2003 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) has been suggested to be sensitivity-limiting factors of 5-fluorouracil therapy in cancer patients. Fluorouracil 125-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14576935-2 2003 In the present study, the associations among phenotypic marker expression of gastric carcinomas, tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) expression, and the chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined. Fluorouracil 194-198 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-123 14576935-2 2003 In the present study, the associations among phenotypic marker expression of gastric carcinomas, tumor thymidylate synthase (TS) expression, and the chemotherapeutic response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined. Fluorouracil 194-198 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 125-127 14576935-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that postoperative chemotherapy with 5-FU could be effective for patients with the G-phenotype tumor, since the incidence of intratumoral expression of TS, the target enzyme of 5-FU, is significantly low in G-phenotype tumors. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 188-190 13680162-1 2003 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for predicting the efficacy of 5-FU in the treatment of malignant tumors. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-82 13680162-1 2003 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are key enzymes for predicting the efficacy of 5-FU in the treatment of malignant tumors. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-86 13680162-14 2003 Some HCC patients may be good candidates for 5-FU-based chemotherapy based on measurements of tumor levels of DPD and TS. Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-120 14576935-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that postoperative chemotherapy with 5-FU could be effective for patients with the G-phenotype tumor, since the incidence of intratumoral expression of TS, the target enzyme of 5-FU, is significantly low in G-phenotype tumors. Fluorouracil 213-217 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 188-190 14522928-1 2003 The variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene, mainly 2 repeat (2R) and 3 repeat (3R), is one of the genetic variations that can potentially predict the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 202-216 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 14570375-1 2003 Although the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) may be a better predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy than TS expression in primary CRC, this enzyme has not been well studied in tumor-draining regional lymph nodes. Fluorouracil 132-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 14570375-1 2003 Although the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) may be a better predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy than TS expression in primary CRC, this enzyme has not been well studied in tumor-draining regional lymph nodes. Fluorouracil 132-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 14570375-9 2003 Nodal expression of TS may be important in predicting response to 5-fluorouracil when a primary CRC is TS-negative. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-22 14570375-9 2003 Nodal expression of TS may be important in predicting response to 5-fluorouracil when a primary CRC is TS-negative. Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-105 14519634-0 2003 Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase mRNA expression levels: predictors for survival in colorectal cancer patients receiving adjuvant 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 154-168 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14519634-2 2003 In this study, we determined the prognostic value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression in colorectal cancer patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU. Fluorouracil 184-188 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 14519634-2 2003 In this study, we determined the prognostic value of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) expression in colorectal cancer patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU. Fluorouracil 184-188 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-77 14519634-7 2003 Among the patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU therapy, those with high TS survived longer than those with low TS, and in each TS subgroup, the ones with low DPD survived longer than the ones with high DPD levels. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-70 14519634-7 2003 Among the patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU therapy, those with high TS survived longer than those with low TS, and in each TS subgroup, the ones with low DPD survived longer than the ones with high DPD levels. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-109 14519634-7 2003 Among the patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU therapy, those with high TS survived longer than those with low TS, and in each TS subgroup, the ones with low DPD survived longer than the ones with high DPD levels. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-109 14519634-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that TS and DPD quantitation may be helpful to evaluate prognosis of patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU and that patients with high TS and low DPD may benefit from adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 198-202 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 157-159 14519641-0 2003 Thymidylate synthase expression predicts the response to 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 60-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 60-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 76-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 76-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 14519641-1 2003 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and TS expression may determine clinical response and survival after therapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 87-89 14519641-10 2003 This difference in survival among patients with low- and high-TS-expressing tumors became more significant when the analysis was restricted to the 73 patients receiving 5-FU-based adjuvant therapy (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.16-0.86; P = 0.0006). Fluorouracil 169-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-64 14522928-1 2003 The variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene, mainly 2 repeat (2R) and 3 repeat (3R), is one of the genetic variations that can potentially predict the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 202-216 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 14522928-12 2003 These results suggest that the double polymorphism in the TS tandem repeat sequence, the SNP and the VNTR, may provide a potential for more effective prediction of the clinical outcome of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 188-202 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-60 12845668-0 2003 Overexpression of thymidylate synthase mediates desensitization for 5-fluorouracil of tumor cells. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 12948860-4 2003 5-Fluorouracil is known to inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme that transfers a methyl group from 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate to dUMP during nucleotide biosynthesis. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-55 12948860-4 2003 5-Fluorouracil is known to inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS), a key enzyme that transfers a methyl group from 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate to dUMP during nucleotide biosynthesis. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 12948860-7 2003 In contrast, 5-fluorouracil inhibited TS activity by >90% but increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 13-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 12948860-7 2003 In contrast, 5-fluorouracil inhibited TS activity by >90% but increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 13-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-77 12948860-11 2003 These results suggest that synergy between methionine restriction and 5-fluorouracil is attributable to multiple factors, including depletion of reduced folates, selective inhibition of TS, and creation of an imbalanced nucleotide pool. Fluorouracil 70-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 186-188 12845668-2 2003 It has been suggested that the poor prognosis is partly due to a low sensitivity of TS-overexpressing tumors to TS-targeting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 125-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-86 12845668-2 2003 It has been suggested that the poor prognosis is partly due to a low sensitivity of TS-overexpressing tumors to TS-targeting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 125-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 112-114 12845668-2 2003 It has been suggested that the poor prognosis is partly due to a low sensitivity of TS-overexpressing tumors to TS-targeting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 141-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-86 12845668-2 2003 It has been suggested that the poor prognosis is partly due to a low sensitivity of TS-overexpressing tumors to TS-targeting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 141-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 112-114 12845668-3 2003 To investigate the relationship between TS expression and sensitivity to 5-FU, we used the TS-overexpressing cervical cancer cell line SKG-II/TS and SKG-I/TS that had been established by TS gene transfer. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 12845668-4 2003 The 50% growth inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 5-FU for SKG-II/TS was 24 +/- 6.0 microM, which was 6 times as high as that for the control (4.0 +/- 1.1 microM), showing significantly decreased sensitivity to 5-FU (p < 0.01). Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-70 12845668-5 2003 The IC(50) of 5-FU for SKG-I/TS was 90 +/- 15 microM, which was over 2 times as high as that for the control (40 +/- 0.6 microM), showing significantly decreased sensitivity to 5-FU (p < 0.05). Fluorouracil 14-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 12845668-5 2003 The IC(50) of 5-FU for SKG-I/TS was 90 +/- 15 microM, which was over 2 times as high as that for the control (40 +/- 0.6 microM), showing significantly decreased sensitivity to 5-FU (p < 0.05). Fluorouracil 177-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 12845668-6 2003 Thus, TS-overexpressing tumors have decreased sensitivity to 5-FU, which may be one of the factors that determine the prognosis of these tumors. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 6-8 12739060-10 2003 In a biopsy of an esophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis that had regressed, thymidylate synthase, the target of 5-FU, was inhibited 50%, but increased four- to tenfold after relapse in subsequent biopsies. Fluorouracil 111-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-95 12883718-2 2003 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited to form an inactive ternary complex by 5-fluoro-dUMP and is considered to be a target enzyme of 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12883718-2 2003 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is inhibited to form an inactive ternary complex by 5-fluoro-dUMP and is considered to be a target enzyme of 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12883718-3 2003 Two enzymes, DPD and TS, have been reported to be major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and it has been reported that TS mRNA levels are modified by 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 98-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-23 12883718-3 2003 Two enzymes, DPD and TS, have been reported to be major determinants of individual sensitivity to 5-FU, and it has been reported that TS mRNA levels are modified by 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-136 12883718-6 2003 Furthermore inter-individual variations of TS mRNA levels after 5-FU treatment were found, and the individual TS induction varied between patients (0.2-2.4). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-45 12883718-12 2003 These findings suggest that TS mRNA was induced by 5-FU treatment, and the overall induction level varied between individuals. Fluorouracil 51-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 28-30 12883718-13 2003 Therefore, the estimation of TS mRNA induction may be useful to predict the efficacy of 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 12707718-11 2003 Thymidylate synthase ternary complex formation was demonstrated in bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated 24 h after the first oral 5-FU dose; the average was 66.5% bound. Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12684658-2 2003 Overexpression of TS has been correlated to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-resistance. Fluorouracil 44-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12819937-3 2003 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized in 1957 and represents the first class of antineoplastic agents to be developed as inhibitors of TS. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-137 12819937-3 2003 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was synthesized in 1957 and represents the first class of antineoplastic agents to be developed as inhibitors of TS. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-137 12802789-1 2003 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a chemotherapeutic target for the fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and antifolate tomudex (TDX). Fluorouracil 96-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12684658-2 2003 Overexpression of TS has been correlated to 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-resistance. Fluorouracil 60-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12649104-2 2003 Phase II trials have shown that gemcitabine can be successfully combined with thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors such as continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 12870370-0 2003 Intratumoural thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activities are good predictors of 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 105-119 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 12870370-3 2003 The activities of TS and DPD were significantly lower in the tumours sensitive to 5-FU compared with those that were not sensitive to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12870370-3 2003 The activities of TS and DPD were significantly lower in the tumours sensitive to 5-FU compared with those that were not sensitive to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 134-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12870370-6 2003 Tumour sensitivity to 5-FU can be more precisely predicted by taking the activities of both TS and DPD into consideration than by using either alone. Fluorouracil 22-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 12649104-2 2003 Phase II trials have shown that gemcitabine can be successfully combined with thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors such as continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 12649104-2 2003 Phase II trials have shown that gemcitabine can be successfully combined with thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors such as continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 12649104-2 2003 Phase II trials have shown that gemcitabine can be successfully combined with thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors such as continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 12720098-8 2003 RESULTS: 5-FU sensitivity was high in the low-TS-activity group and in the high-OPRT-activity group. Fluorouracil 9-13 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-7 12684419-2 2003 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 12684419-2 2003 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 12684419-5 2003 We investigated the activity of TS in 68 RCCs and the association with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activities, which is a principal enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU and pyrimidine nucleotides. Fluorouracil 171-175 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-34 12684419-7 2003 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The levels of TS and DPD activities in nonfixed fresh-frozen RCC and normal kidney were determined biochemically by the 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine 5"-monophosphate binding assay and the 5-FU degradation assay, respectively. Fluorouracil 205-209 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 12684419-17 2003 TS activity in primary cultured RCC cells was positively correlated with their sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 94-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 12684419-18 2003 Furthermore, RCC cells with both high TS activity and low DPD activity were more sensitive to 5-FU, compared with those with either low TS activity or high DPD activity. Fluorouracil 94-98 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 12684419-19 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first study to demonstrate that the level of TS activity was correlated with both the progression of the stage and the increase of the grade of RCC, and that higher TS activity in primary cultured RCC predicted higher sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 271-275 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 203-205 12684419-20 2003 These results suggest that high TS activity may be associated with malignant potential of RCC, and that it may be possible to use 5-FU for RCC with high TS activity. Fluorouracil 130-134 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 153-155 12720098-0 2003 Relationships between the expression of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and cell proliferative activity and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 169-183 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 12610179-1 2003 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of quantitating thymidylate synthase (TS) in the primary tumor as a surrogate for metastatic disease sites to predict the likelihood of response and outcome to fluorouracil (FU) treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 222-234 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 12610179-1 2003 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of quantitating thymidylate synthase (TS) in the primary tumor as a surrogate for metastatic disease sites to predict the likelihood of response and outcome to fluorouracil (FU) treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 222-234 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 12569298-2 2003 The cytotoxic activity of the metabolized 5-FU depends on thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition, leading to defective DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-78 12536082-3 2003 Both dThdPase and TS levels seemed to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy in different types of human solid tumors. Fluorouracil 64-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12536082-3 2003 Both dThdPase and TS levels seemed to be related to response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy in different types of human solid tumors. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12536082-7 2003 These imply that immunohistochemical analysis of dThdPase and TS is available for selection of patients who will be received 5-FU based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 125-129 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-64 12488549-8 2003 Treatment of H630-C6 cells with 5-FU, FUrd, FUdR, TFT, AG331, AG337, ZD1694, and methotrexate up-regulated TS levels as determined by Western blot analysis, although TS mRNA levels remained unchanged as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Fluorouracil 32-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-109 12488549-8 2003 Treatment of H630-C6 cells with 5-FU, FUrd, FUdR, TFT, AG331, AG337, ZD1694, and methotrexate up-regulated TS levels as determined by Western blot analysis, although TS mRNA levels remained unchanged as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Fluorouracil 32-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 166-168 12469154-2 2003 On the other hand, variability of 5-FU sensitivity of the tumors is also presumed to depend on the enzymes of 5-FU metabolism (e.g. dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; DPD, rate limiting enzyme of catabolism) and action target (e.g. thymidylate synthase; TS). Fluorouracil 34-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 230-250 12469154-2 2003 On the other hand, variability of 5-FU sensitivity of the tumors is also presumed to depend on the enzymes of 5-FU metabolism (e.g. dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase; DPD, rate limiting enzyme of catabolism) and action target (e.g. thymidylate synthase; TS). Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 230-250 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 252-256 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 252-256 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 252-256 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-130 12616366-3 2003 METHODS: To predict tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in thymoma, we investigated the mRNA levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), the key enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate, and correlates with the resistance of 5-FU and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which degrades 5-FU in thymoma. Fluorouracil 252-256 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 12616366-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of measurements of TS and DPD mRNA levels using real-time RT-PCR analyses may provide an indication of the selective cytoxicity of 5-FU on thymoma. Fluorouracil 161-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 12453856-0 2002 Thymidylate synthase protein expression in colorectal cancer metastases predicts for clinical outcome to leucovorin-modulated bolus or infusional 5-fluorouracil but not methotrexate-modulated bolus 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 146-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12453856-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) schedules and/or biochemical modulators may result in different mechanisms of cytotoxicity, potentially affecting the correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and the clinical response to the fluoropyrimidine. Fluorouracil 22-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 182-202 12453856-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) schedules and/or biochemical modulators may result in different mechanisms of cytotoxicity, potentially affecting the correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and the clinical response to the fluoropyrimidine. Fluorouracil 22-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 204-206 12453856-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) schedules and/or biochemical modulators may result in different mechanisms of cytotoxicity, potentially affecting the correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and the clinical response to the fluoropyrimidine. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 182-202 12453856-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Different 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) schedules and/or biochemical modulators may result in different mechanisms of cytotoxicity, potentially affecting the correlation between thymidylate synthase (TS) expression and the clinical response to the fluoropyrimidine. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 204-206 12453856-6 2002 CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between intratumoral TS levels and the clinical response to 5-FU depends strongly on the schedule of administration/biochemical modulators that are used in different 5-FU regimens. Fluorouracil 89-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-52 12453856-6 2002 CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between intratumoral TS levels and the clinical response to 5-FU depends strongly on the schedule of administration/biochemical modulators that are used in different 5-FU regimens. Fluorouracil 195-199 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-52 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 62-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 12451472-1 2002 PURPOSE: Combinations of vinorelbine (VRB) and drugs targeting thymidylate synthase (TS) such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have proven clinical efficacy in the management of advanced breast cancer. Fluorouracil 97-111 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 12451472-1 2002 PURPOSE: Combinations of vinorelbine (VRB) and drugs targeting thymidylate synthase (TS) such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) have proven clinical efficacy in the management of advanced breast cancer. Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-83 12457437-13 2002 Future advances in the effective use of TS inhibitors may be forthcoming in the form of improved dosing, fewer untoward effects and increased tumour selectivity with novel fluorouracil prodrug formulations. Fluorouracil 172-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 62-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 164-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 12464897-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the first enzyme that metabolizes 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 164-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 12353234-4 2002 The antitumor effect of 5FU is enhanced by augmenting 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) converted from FUMP, which inhibits thymidylate synthetase (TS). Fluorouracil 24-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-155 12439919-15 2002 CONCLUSION: The continuous exposure of Bel(7402) cells to 5-FU led to overexpression of TS and MRP, as well as increased intracellular GSH content and total GST activity. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 12482336-0 2002 Combination of 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan on modulation of thymidylate synthase and topoisomerase I expression and cell cycle regulation in human colon cancer LoVo cells: clinical relevance. Fluorouracil 15-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-82 12482336-7 2002 The TS expression was decreased following 24 hours of 5-FU and it remained at reduced levels for > 24 hours after removal of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-6 12482336-7 2002 The TS expression was decreased following 24 hours of 5-FU and it remained at reduced levels for > 24 hours after removal of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 128-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-6 12422306-1 2002 In the last 50 years, 5-fluorouracil-based therapy has been the mainstay of adjuvant and palliative treatment for colorectal cancer but response rates and median survival have been dismal despite the introduction of thymidylate synthase modulators such as leucovorin. Fluorouracil 22-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-236 12460463-2 2002 The repeat length is associated with TS protein expression, which suggests that we may be able to predict the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy from a patient"s TS genotype determined through analysis of normal tissue obtained non-invasively. Fluorouracil 122-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 12460463-2 2002 The repeat length is associated with TS protein expression, which suggests that we may be able to predict the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy from a patient"s TS genotype determined through analysis of normal tissue obtained non-invasively. Fluorouracil 122-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 180-182 12460463-2 2002 The repeat length is associated with TS protein expression, which suggests that we may be able to predict the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy from a patient"s TS genotype determined through analysis of normal tissue obtained non-invasively. Fluorouracil 138-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 12460463-2 2002 The repeat length is associated with TS protein expression, which suggests that we may be able to predict the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy from a patient"s TS genotype determined through analysis of normal tissue obtained non-invasively. Fluorouracil 138-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 180-182 12437479-3 2002 There is compelling evidence that TS gene transcripts and TS polymorphisms could be used to decide which patients can best benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy approaches, especially in colorectal cancer, and not less importantly, to tailor chemotherapy in metastatic NSCLC when using drugs akin to fluorouracil, such as pemetrexed. Fluorouracil 297-309 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 12487851-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: To study target killing of 5-FU drug-fast cancer cells with thymidylate synthase (TS) and p16 gene promoters inducting TK gene expression. Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-91 12530000-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12147691-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP and is the target of cancer chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. 5-fluorouracil). Fluorouracil 122-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12147691-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes methylation of dUMP to dTMP and is the target of cancer chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. 5-fluorouracil). Fluorouracil 122-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12530000-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12530000-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12703544-13 2002 The antitumor effect of 5FU is enhanced by augmenting 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) converted from FUMP, which inhibits Thymidylate Synthetase (TS). Fluorouracil 24-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-155 12530000-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12530000-3 2002 TS polymorphism has been reported to link with the efficacy of 5-FU-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 12530000-12 2002 These results warrant further large-scale clinical study of the role of the TS genotyping for the prediction of efficacy using 5-FU-based chemotherapy and prognosis in gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 127-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-78 12102601-2 2002 As a consequence, TS is a target for anticancer chemotherapy by several drugs, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (Tomudex), in treatment of colorectal and other tumors. Fluorouracil 89-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12183426-10 2002 We hypothesize that potentiation of FUra cytotoxicity by rMETase may result from increased inhibition of thymidylate synthase, together with DNA hypomethylation and enhanced DNA repair that could be involved in cell responses to drug-induced damage. Fluorouracil 36-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 105-125 12102601-2 2002 As a consequence, TS is a target for anticancer chemotherapy by several drugs, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (Tomudex), in treatment of colorectal and other tumors. Fluorouracil 105-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 12102601-7 2002 These studies have revealed that targeting the 3" end of human TS mRNA downregulates TS mRNA and protein, inhibits cell proliferation, and sensitizes HeLa cells to raltitrexed, 5-FU, and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUdR) in vitro (Ferguson et al., Br. Fluorouracil 177-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-65 12084458-7 2002 Studies thus far involving colorectal tumors obtained from patients have focused predominantly on the predictive value of levels of TS expression and p53 mutations in determining response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 191-195 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 12118326-3 2002 In vitro studies have demonstrated that the resistance to 5-FU is correlated with increased activity of thymidylate synthase (TS), whose gene has a E2F binding site in its promoter region. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-124 11980662-0 2002 The role of thymidylate synthase induction in modulating p53-regulated gene expression in response to 5-fluorouracil and antifolates. Fluorouracil 102-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 12084458-14 2002 We have also generated mutants of both DHFR and TS that confer resistance to MTX as well as 5-FU by random as well as site-directed mutagenesis. Fluorouracil 92-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 12084461-0 2002 Induction of thymidylate synthase as a 5-fluorouracil resistance mechanism. Fluorouracil 39-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 12084461-2 2002 TS is an important target for chemotherapy; it is inhibited by folate and nucleotide analogs, such as by 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP), the active metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 153-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 12084461-2 2002 TS is an important target for chemotherapy; it is inhibited by folate and nucleotide analogs, such as by 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP), the active metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 169-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 12084461-13 2002 Treatment with 5FU or RTX rapidly induced TS levels two- to five-fold. Fluorouracil 15-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-44 12067974-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and the primary target of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 89-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12067974-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in folate metabolism and the primary target of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 89-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12090040-1 2002 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) in cancer are considered to play key roles in the sensitivity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-62 12085207-0 2002 Expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein1,P-glycoprotein, and thymidylate synthase in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection. Fluorouracil 136-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-95 12085207-2 2002 In a variety of malignancies, high expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein1 and P-glycoprotein has been associated with resistance to doxorubicin, whereas 5-fluorouracil resistance has correlated with the level of thymidylate synthase expression. Fluorouracil 169-183 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 228-248 11980662-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a critical target for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and antifolates such as tomudex (TDX),multitargeted antifolate, and ZD9331. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11980662-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a critical target for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and antifolates such as tomudex (TDX),multitargeted antifolate, and ZD9331. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11980662-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a critical target for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and antifolates such as tomudex (TDX),multitargeted antifolate, and ZD9331. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11980662-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a critical target for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and antifolates such as tomudex (TDX),multitargeted antifolate, and ZD9331. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12052139-1 2002 Folate metabolism is the target of two major drug groups: folate antagonists (e.g., methotrexate) and thymidylate synthase inhibitors (for example, 5-fluorouracil). Fluorouracil 148-162 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 102-122 12116375-2 2002 Thymidylate synthase expression was tested in vitro, in vivo, and clinically as a prognostic factor for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) sensitivity. Fluorouracil 104-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12116375-2 2002 Thymidylate synthase expression was tested in vitro, in vivo, and clinically as a prognostic factor for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) sensitivity. Fluorouracil 120-123 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12022983-2 2002 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been associated with resistance to 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 12022983-2 2002 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been associated with resistance to 5-FU in advanced colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 12022983-3 2002 The aim of this study was to investigate the association of TS and DPD mRNA levels with recurrence-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer who are receiving adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 60-62 12022983-8 2002 The TS mRNA level may be a useful marker to predict the time to recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer who are receiving adjuvant 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-6 11919227-0 2002 Thymidylate synthase expression in colorectal cancer: a prognostic and predictive marker of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 114-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11953901-0 2002 Thymidylate synthase polymorphism and survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11919227-8 2002 The study indicates that patients with high TS levels may benefit from adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 12023789-6 2002 5-FU is equally interesting because it permits investigation of thymidylate synthase (TS) levels as a genetic target for predicting response and survival. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 64-84 12023789-6 2002 5-FU is equally interesting because it permits investigation of thymidylate synthase (TS) levels as a genetic target for predicting response and survival. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-88 12014648-0 2002 Roles of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in tumor progression and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in human gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 106-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 12014648-1 2002 BACKGROUND: The role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activities in tumor progression and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated. Fluorouracil 150-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-48 12014648-1 2002 BACKGROUND: The role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activities in tumor progression and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated. Fluorouracil 166-170 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-44 12014648-1 2002 BACKGROUND: The role of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme activities in tumor progression and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were evaluated. Fluorouracil 166-170 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-48 11872345-13 2002 These results suggest that high TS levels in resected metastases of colorectal cancer are associated with a poor outcome after surgery and 5-FU adjuvant therapy; therefore, a prospective assessment of TS levels in resected colorectal metastases could be useful to define which patients will most likely benefit from 5-FU adjuvant therapy after metastasectomy. Fluorouracil 139-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-34 11836594-5 2002 The levels of TS and DPD activities in non-fixed fresh frozen bladder cancer specimens were determined biochemically by the 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine 5"-monophosphate binding assay and the 5-fluorouracil degradation assay, respectively. Fluorouracil 188-202 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-16 11862424-9 2002 The cytotoxicity of FUra alone or in combination with MCLR, but not that of PPIs alone, was abrogated almost completely by exogenous thymidine (dThd), suggesting that inhibition of thymidylate synthetase (TS) is the growth-limiting event in the cytotoxic action of FUra even in combination with MCLR. Fluorouracil 20-24 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 181-203 11914638-8 2002 Dipyridamole and p-nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), potent inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport, synergized with NB1011 selectively against 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant H630R10 colon carcinoma cells [combination index (CI)=0.75 and 0.35] and Tomudex-resistant MCF7TDX breast carcinoma cells (CI=0.51 and 0.57), both TS overexpressing cell lines. Fluorouracil 151-165 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 330-332 12027413-1 2002 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway and represents the cellular target of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra). Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12027413-1 2002 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway and represents the cellular target of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra). Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12027413-1 2002 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway and represents the cellular target of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra). Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12027413-1 2002 Thymidylate Synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the DNA synthetic pathway and represents the cellular target of the antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (FUra). Fluorouracil 159-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12027413-3 2002 In particular, five recent studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse correlation between the level of TS gene or protein expression measured in colorectal cancer metastases and the clinical response to either FUra or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR). Fluorouracil 217-221 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 12027413-7 2002 In this review preclinical and clinical data supporting the use of TS quantitation to predict for the clinical response to FUra will be described and unresolved problems including assays standardization, response prediction based on TS levels measured in primary tumors, intrapatient variations in TS levels and biological/biochemical limitations of this strategy will be discussed. Fluorouracil 123-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-69 12450420-3 2002 As the first TS inhibitor in clinical use, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains widely used for the treatment of colorectal, pancreatic, breast, head and neck, gastric, and ovarian cancers. Fluorouracil 43-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-15 12450420-3 2002 As the first TS inhibitor in clinical use, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains widely used for the treatment of colorectal, pancreatic, breast, head and neck, gastric, and ovarian cancers. Fluorouracil 59-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-15 12017314-6 2002 Furthermore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the 5-fluorouracil derivative UFT demonstrates a stronger suppression of increased activities of thymidylate synthase in the tumorous tissues than in the non-tumorous mucosa. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 141-161 11747337-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in DNA synthesis and is inhibited by metabolites of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 121-135 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11801545-1 2002 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts cytotoxic effects through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of metabolites into RNA. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 11801545-1 2002 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts cytotoxic effects through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of metabolites into RNA. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-93 11801545-1 2002 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts cytotoxic effects through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of metabolites into RNA. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 11801545-1 2002 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exerts cytotoxic effects through inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) and incorporation of metabolites into RNA. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-93 11801545-2 2002 TS inhibition may be greater for infusional 5-FU, with bolus regimens more likely to cause RNA effects. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 11801545-11 2002 Thus, both 5-FU regimens inhibit TS, and prolonged TS inhibition is achieved by CI 5-FU without significant toxicity. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 51-53 12018454-1 2002 Thymidylate synthase is a target enzyme for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine, its oral prodrug. Fluorouracil 76-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12381902-3 2002 Thymidylate synthase is the target enzyme of both raltitrexed and 5-FU; however, the two drugs have distinct sites of action on the enzyme and the combination of the two agents may be synergistic. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11747337-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in DNA synthesis and is inhibited by metabolites of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 121-135 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11747337-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in DNA synthesis and is inhibited by metabolites of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 137-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11747337-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme in DNA synthesis and is inhibited by metabolites of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Fluorouracil 137-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11714538-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activities in non-small cell lung cancer tissues: relationship with in vitro sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 149-163 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11751507-1 2001 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 11751507-1 2001 PURPOSE: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 11751507-11 2001 The results provide the rationale for comprehensive usage of TS genotyping with quantitation of TS mRNA or TS protein to predict the patient"s response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-63 11751507-11 2001 The results provide the rationale for comprehensive usage of TS genotyping with quantitation of TS mRNA or TS protein to predict the patient"s response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-98 11751507-11 2001 The results provide the rationale for comprehensive usage of TS genotyping with quantitation of TS mRNA or TS protein to predict the patient"s response to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-98 11731512-0 2001 ERCC1 and thymidylate synthase mRNA levels predict survival for colorectal cancer patients receiving combination oxaliplatin and fluorouracil chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 129-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 10-30 11731512-1 2001 PURPOSE: To test the hypotheses of whether the relative mRNA expression of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the excision cross-complementing (ERCC1) gene are associated with response to and survival of fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 208-220 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 11731512-1 2001 PURPOSE: To test the hypotheses of whether the relative mRNA expression of the thymidylate synthase (TS) gene and the excision cross-complementing (ERCC1) gene are associated with response to and survival of fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 208-220 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-103 11714538-1 2001 We examined enzymatic activities of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues to determine the relationship to tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 204-218 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 11714538-1 2001 We examined enzymatic activities of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues to determine the relationship to tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 220-224 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 12450430-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been identified as an important predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 98-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12467230-8 2001 This potentiation of tumor response was accompanied by a total change in the FUra anabolic pathway with a 5000% increase of cytosolic fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, a stronger and longer inhibition of thymidylate synthase, and 300% augmentation of DNA damage. Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 204-224 12450430-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been identified as an important predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 98-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12450430-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been identified as an important predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12450430-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been identified as an important predictor of response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12450430-9 2001 The discordant TS expression between primary and metastatic tumors is a critical factor that must be taken into account when TS is being used as a predictive biomarker for the antitumor effect of 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-17 12450430-9 2001 The discordant TS expression between primary and metastatic tumors is a critical factor that must be taken into account when TS is being used as a predictive biomarker for the antitumor effect of 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 125-127 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 81-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 81-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 138-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 12450432-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR), oral 5-FU prodrugs (e.g., uracil/tegafur [UFT], S-1, and capecitabine), and other novel folate-based drugs (e.g., raltitrexed, pemetrexed, and nolatrexed). Fluorouracil 138-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11604993-1 2001 The measurement of the intra-tumoral level of thymidylate synthetase (TS), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), may be useful in predicting tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 167-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-68 11705873-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is responsible for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair and which is an important target for fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and antifolates such as Tomudex (TDX), ZD9331, and multitargeted antifolate (MTA). Fluorouracil 193-207 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11705873-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is responsible for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair and which is an important target for fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and antifolates such as Tomudex (TDX), ZD9331, and multitargeted antifolate (MTA). Fluorouracil 193-207 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11705873-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is responsible for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair and which is an important target for fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and antifolates such as Tomudex (TDX), ZD9331, and multitargeted antifolate (MTA). Fluorouracil 209-213 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11705873-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is responsible for the de novo synthesis of thymidylate, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair and which is an important target for fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and antifolates such as Tomudex (TDX), ZD9331, and multitargeted antifolate (MTA). Fluorouracil 209-213 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11705873-3 2001 We have demonstrated that inducible expression of TS increased the IC(50) dose of the TS-targeted therapeutic agents 5-FU, TDX, and ZD9331 by 2-, 9- and 24-fold respectively. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-52 11705873-3 2001 We have demonstrated that inducible expression of TS increased the IC(50) dose of the TS-targeted therapeutic agents 5-FU, TDX, and ZD9331 by 2-, 9- and 24-fold respectively. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-88 11705873-6 2001 Cell cycle analyses revealed that IC(50) doses of 5-FU, TDX and MTA caused an S-phase arrest in cells that did not overexpress TS, and this arrest was overcome when TS was up-regulated. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 127-129 11705873-6 2001 Cell cycle analyses revealed that IC(50) doses of 5-FU, TDX and MTA caused an S-phase arrest in cells that did not overexpress TS, and this arrest was overcome when TS was up-regulated. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 165-167 11604993-1 2001 The measurement of the intra-tumoral level of thymidylate synthetase (TS), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), may be useful in predicting tumor sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 183-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-68 11604993-3 2001 Then we examined the correlation of the responsiveness of the patients with oral SCC to 5-FU with the intra-tumoral levels of DPD and TS mRNA. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-136 11505394-2 2001 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 11676864-0 2001 High expression of thymidylate synthase leads to resistance to 5-fluorouracil in biliary tract carcinoma in vitro. Fluorouracil 63-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 11556832-0 2001 A polymorphism in the enhancer region of the thymidylate synthase promoter influences the survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 142-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 11556832-1 2001 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression have been associated with poor survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 131-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 11556832-1 2001 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression have been associated with poor survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 131-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 11556832-1 2001 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression have been associated with poor survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 147-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 15-35 11556832-1 2001 High levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression have been associated with poor survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 147-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 11556832-5 2001 These results demonstrate that a polymorphism within the TS gene, probably through its effect on TS expression levels, can influence the survival benefit obtained by CRC patients from 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 184-188 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 11527696-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer xenografts in vivo. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11527696-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer xenografts in vivo. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11527696-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer xenografts in vivo. Fluorouracil 119-123 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11527696-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) may be involved in acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human cancer xenografts in vivo. Fluorouracil 119-123 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11527696-4 2001 A 2- to 3-fold increase in thymidylate synthase (TS) activity and 4- to 5-fold decrease in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity were observed in 5-FU-resistant KM12C tumours, while the activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) thymidine and uridine phosphorylases (TP,UP) and thymidine kinase (TK) were not markedly changed as a consequence of repeated treatment of KM12C tumours with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 148-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 11527696-4 2001 A 2- to 3-fold increase in thymidylate synthase (TS) activity and 4- to 5-fold decrease in ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity were observed in 5-FU-resistant KM12C tumours, while the activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) thymidine and uridine phosphorylases (TP,UP) and thymidine kinase (TK) were not markedly changed as a consequence of repeated treatment of KM12C tumours with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 148-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-51 11527696-5 2001 The expression of TS mRNA was also amplified in accordance with the increased TS activity in a 5-FU-treated tumour sub-line (KM12C/5-FU) compared with that in parental tumours, but changed expressions of both RNR-R1 and RNA-R2 mRNA could not be detected in the 5-FU-resistant tumour sub-line compared with the parental tumours, suggesting possible post-transcriptional regulation of RNR. Fluorouracil 95-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 11527696-5 2001 The expression of TS mRNA was also amplified in accordance with the increased TS activity in a 5-FU-treated tumour sub-line (KM12C/5-FU) compared with that in parental tumours, but changed expressions of both RNR-R1 and RNA-R2 mRNA could not be detected in the 5-FU-resistant tumour sub-line compared with the parental tumours, suggesting possible post-transcriptional regulation of RNR. Fluorouracil 131-135 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-20 11527696-7 2001 From these results, it may be concluded that RNR activity is one of the acquired or inherent resistant factors, including TS, to 5-FU in human cancer xenografts in vivo. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 122-124 11760216-2 2001 Over-expression or mutation of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, is strictly correlated with cancer cell resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 11760216-2 2001 Over-expression or mutation of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, is strictly correlated with cancer cell resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 11760216-2 2001 Over-expression or mutation of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, is strictly correlated with cancer cell resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 190-194 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 11760216-2 2001 Over-expression or mutation of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of the 5-FU metabolite, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, is strictly correlated with cancer cell resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 190-194 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 11760216-3 2001 On this basis we investigated whether TS is a potential target for active specific immunotherapy of human colon carcinoma, which acquires resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-40 11760216-6 2001 Specific CTL lines showed HLA-A2.1-restricted cytotoxicity in vitro to HLA-A2.1+ target cells pulsed with the specific TS peptide and to HLA-class I matching colon carcinoma target cells over-expressing TS enzyme after exposure to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 231-235 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-121 11760216-7 2001 Recognition by CTL lines suggests that these TS peptides may be potential candidates for use in a peptide-based vaccine against 5-FU resistant colon carcinoma. Fluorouracil 128-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-47 11676864-7 2001 TS content in the cell lines significantly correlated with 5-FU sensitivity, but DPD activity did not. Fluorouracil 59-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 11676864-8 2001 Therefore, in the present study, TS expression was concluded to influence the high resistance to 5-FU of biliary tract carcinoma in comparison with the carcinomas of the other digestive organs. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 11556832-5 2001 These results demonstrate that a polymorphism within the TS gene, probably through its effect on TS expression levels, can influence the survival benefit obtained by CRC patients from 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 184-188 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-99 11686531-1 2001 The enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that is utilized for the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 63-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 11686531-1 2001 The enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that is utilized for the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 63-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 11686531-1 2001 The enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that is utilized for the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 79-83 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 11686531-1 2001 The enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that is utilized for the treatment of disseminated colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 79-83 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 11686531-2 2001 One determinant of clinical response to FUra-based therapy is TS expression. Fluorouracil 40-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-64 11686531-8 2001 Two metastases with high TS expression were obtained from patients who received adjuvant therapy with FUra. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-27 12445371-2 2001 Treatment with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis after inhibition of thymidylate synthase is the most common strategy for adjuvant and systemic chemotherapy in this disease. Fluorouracil 15-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-126 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 140-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11445849-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the key enzyme in the 5-FU catabolic pathway. Fluorouracil 140-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11445854-0 2001 Apoptosis and thymidylate synthase inductions by 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cells with or without p53 mutation. Fluorouracil 49-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 11445854-1 2001 We studied apoptosis and thymidylate synthase (TS) inductions by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in gastric cancer cells with wild-type p53 (MKN-45 and MKN-74) and with mutated p53 (MKN-28 and KATO-III). Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 11445854-1 2001 We studied apoptosis and thymidylate synthase (TS) inductions by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in gastric cancer cells with wild-type p53 (MKN-45 and MKN-74) and with mutated p53 (MKN-28 and KATO-III). Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 11445856-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil and raltitrexed. Fluorouracil 80-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11445856-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil and raltitrexed. Fluorouracil 80-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11505394-2 2001 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 11283924-3 2001 Leucovorin (LV) is another biochemical modulator of 5-FU that potentiates inhibition of thymidylate synthase, the primary target of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-108 11325838-1 2001 Plasma levels of folates and thymidine in mice are about 10-fold higher than in humans and may influence the therapeutic efficacy of thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and the antifolates pemetrexed (MTA) and raltitrexed (RTX). Fluorouracil 179-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-153 11383215-0 2001 [Correlation between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity as measured by collagen gel droplet embedded culture drug sensitivity test (CD-DST) and expression of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT), thymidylate synthase (TS), and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in colorectal cancer]. Fluorouracil 37-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-220 11274973-1 2001 Potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by folinic acid (5-HCO-H4folate) is due to elevation of the methylene tetrahydrofolate (CH2-H4folate) level, which increases the stability of the ternary complex of thymidylate synthase (TS), fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, and CH2-H4folate that inactivates the TS. Fluorouracil 42-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 229-249 11274973-1 2001 Potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by folinic acid (5-HCO-H4folate) is due to elevation of the methylene tetrahydrofolate (CH2-H4folate) level, which increases the stability of the ternary complex of thymidylate synthase (TS), fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, and CH2-H4folate that inactivates the TS. Fluorouracil 58-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 229-249 11283924-3 2001 Leucovorin (LV) is another biochemical modulator of 5-FU that potentiates inhibition of thymidylate synthase, the primary target of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-108 11245445-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a crucial target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11245445-1 2001 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a crucial target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis, which is necessary for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11300326-1 2001 BACKGROUND: In vitro, thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces thymineless apoptosis possibly via Fas receptor Fas ligand interactions and cell-cycle arrest. Fluorouracil 62-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-42 11300326-1 2001 BACKGROUND: In vitro, thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induces thymineless apoptosis possibly via Fas receptor Fas ligand interactions and cell-cycle arrest. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-42 11201382-7 2001 In such situations, sufficient TS inhibition cannot be obtained if 5-FU is administered without supplementation of reduced folate. Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 11163332-5 2001 NB1011 was synthesized and found to be at least 10-fold more cytotoxic to 5-FU-resistant, TS-overexpressing colorectal tumor cells than to normal cells. Fluorouracil 74-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-92 11212266-3 2001 In the cell, 5-FU is metabolized to 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine 5"-monophosphate, a tight binding covalent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 13-17 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-137 11161374-0 2001 Expression of thymidylate synthase in gastric cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection. Fluorouracil 75-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 11161374-2 2001 TS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using TS106 monoclonal antibody in 103 locally advanced gastric cancer patients (stage IB-IV) who underwent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection. Fluorouracil 168-182 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 11161374-2 2001 TS expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using TS106 monoclonal antibody in 103 locally advanced gastric cancer patients (stage IB-IV) who underwent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection. Fluorouracil 184-188 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 11205269-6 2000 Now we report on the use of RT-PCR techniques to see if that variant TS form could be present in human samples from patients who underwent surgery for primary colorectal cancer and been previously untreated and to try to find relationships between that hypothetical variant TS form and the 5-Fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 290-304 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 11501504-0 2001 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity and thymidylate synthase level are associated with response to 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 104-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 11501504-1 2001 In the recent studies associated with the modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the development of new antifolates, attentions have been focused on the expression of the target enzymes, thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), that affect tumor sensitivity and resistance to drugs. Fluorouracil 56-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 188-208 11321346-7 2001 Immunohistochemically, the thymidylate synthase expression level was very low in the tumor tissues, which might account for the good response to the combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP observed in the present case. Fluorouracil 179-183 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 11076661-0 2000 Prolonged and enhanced suppression of thymidylate synthase by weekly 24-h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 11142426-4 2000 TS is also a major target for cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, especially the widely used 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 88-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 11156237-0 2000 Thymidylate synthase protein expression in primary colorectal cancer compared with the corresponding distant metastases and relationship with the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 167-181 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11156237-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in colorectal cancer metastases has been shown to predict for the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11156237-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in colorectal cancer metastases has been shown to predict for the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11913730-0 2001 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism determines response and toxicity of 5-FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11913730-9 2001 The data suggest that genotyping for the TS polymorphism may have the potential to identify patients more likely to respond to 5-FU based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 127-131 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 11205269-6 2000 Now we report on the use of RT-PCR techniques to see if that variant TS form could be present in human samples from patients who underwent surgery for primary colorectal cancer and been previously untreated and to try to find relationships between that hypothetical variant TS form and the 5-Fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 290-304 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 274-276 11054680-0 2000 Circadian organization of thymidylate synthase activity in normal tissues: a possible basis for 5-fluorouracil chronotherapeutic advantage. Fluorouracil 96-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 11092986-8 2000 The suppression of TS mRNA and TS activity by UCN-01 may lead to higher sensitivity of tumor cells to 5-FU and may explain the synergistic antitumor effect of UCN-01/5-FU. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-21 10785598-0 2000 Molecular downstream events and induction of thymidylate synthase in mutant and wild-type p53 colon cancer cell lines after treatment with 5-fluorouracil and the thymidylate synthase inhibitor raltitrexed. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 11000583-3 2000 From analyses on the amount of 5-FU incorporated into cellular RNA and the activity of thymidylate synthase (TS), suppression of TS and depletion of dTTP, a possible consequence of the former, was considered to be the major action of 5-FU in these cells. Fluorouracil 234-238 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 87-107 10995874-2 2000 Many reports have demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are biomarkers for the response and prognosis of patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 175-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 10995874-2 2000 Many reports have demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are biomarkers for the response and prognosis of patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 191-195 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 10891536-1 2000 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and 5-trifluorothymidine (F3(d)Thd) are antimetabolites which are metabolized to their corresponding active forms which inhibit DNA synthesis via inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-236 10891536-1 2000 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and 5-trifluorothymidine (F3(d)Thd) are antimetabolites which are metabolized to their corresponding active forms which inhibit DNA synthesis via inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 238-240 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-131 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 11038143-1 2000 PURPOSE: Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been associated with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene amplification and increased TS protein levels. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 129-131 11038143-2 2000 Increased TS protein expression has also been found to be a significant independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in patients treated with adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 183-187 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 10-12 11038143-5 2000 The influence of increased TS levels on cell cycle progression may provide insight into methods to overcome 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-29 10853017-0 2000 Intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 10785598-1 2000 Inhibition of the key enzyme in DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS), by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the novel antifolate raltitrexed (Tomudex; ZD1694), induces dTTP depletion, resulting in DNA strand breaks, which can initiate pathways leading to an apoptotic mode of cell death. Fluorouracil 77-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 10785598-1 2000 Inhibition of the key enzyme in DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS), by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the novel antifolate raltitrexed (Tomudex; ZD1694), induces dTTP depletion, resulting in DNA strand breaks, which can initiate pathways leading to an apoptotic mode of cell death. Fluorouracil 77-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 10785598-1 2000 Inhibition of the key enzyme in DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS), by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the novel antifolate raltitrexed (Tomudex; ZD1694), induces dTTP depletion, resulting in DNA strand breaks, which can initiate pathways leading to an apoptotic mode of cell death. Fluorouracil 93-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 10785598-1 2000 Inhibition of the key enzyme in DNA synthesis, thymidylate synthase (TS), by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the novel antifolate raltitrexed (Tomudex; ZD1694), induces dTTP depletion, resulting in DNA strand breaks, which can initiate pathways leading to an apoptotic mode of cell death. Fluorouracil 93-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 10785598-2 2000 We studied 5-FU- and ZD1694-induced TS inhibition in relation to the expression of p53, p21, Bcl-2 and Bax in six colon carcinoma cell lines, two with a wild-type (wt) p53 (Lovo, LS174T) and four with a mutant (mt) p53 (WiDr, WiDr/F, HT29 and SW948) phenotype. Fluorouracil 11-15 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 10785598-7 2000 After 5-FU treatment, TS was present both as the free enzyme and in the ternary complex; however, predominantly as the ternary complex between TS, FdUMP and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 6-10 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11092986-0 2000 UCN-01 (7-hydroxystaurosporine) enhances 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity through down-regulation of thymidylate synthetase messenger RNA. Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-118 11057323-1 2000 We studied dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS), key enzymes in regulating the pharmacokinetics and chemosensitivity to 5-FU, in 36 breast cancer patients as a control group and 18 patients as a 5-FU group, in which 5-FU was given orally for 2 weeks before surgery at a dose of 200 mg/day. Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 10853017-1 2000 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used widely, including in gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its efficacy has been reported to be associated with intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 221-241 10853017-1 2000 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used widely, including in gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its efficacy has been reported to be associated with intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 243-245 10853017-1 2000 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used widely, including in gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its efficacy has been reported to be associated with intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 221-241 10853017-1 2000 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used widely, including in gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and its efficacy has been reported to be associated with intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 243-245 10853017-6 2000 The Cox regression analysis of prognostic variables for NSCLC patients treated with 5-FU demonstrated that the simultaneous evaluation for both TS and DPD expression was found to be a significant indicator of a poor prognosis (P=0.0043). Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 144-146 10853017-7 2000 Our results demonstrated that the evaluation of intratumoral TS and DPD activity can be used to accurately predict responsiveness to 5-FU-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-63 10820149-13 2000 A study on a larger scale is ongoing to determine the role of TS as a predictive parameter in patients with colorectal cancer treated either with postoperative adjuvant 5FU/levamisole or with surgery only. Fluorouracil 169-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-64 10832438-0 2000 [Thymidylate synthase activity after preoperative administration of 5-FU in patients with gastric or colorectal cancer]. Fluorouracil 68-72 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 1-21 10778957-0 2000 Colorectal tumors responding to 5-fluorouracil have low gene expression levels of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine phosphorylase. Fluorouracil 32-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-135 10791849-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is regarded as a parameter of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity for colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 10791849-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is regarded as a parameter of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity for colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 68-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 10791849-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is regarded as a parameter of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity for colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 10791849-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is regarded as a parameter of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemosensitivity for colorectal carcinoma. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 10791849-2 2000 Recent researchers indicate that the chemosensitivity of 5-FU for colorectal carcinoma with low expression of TS is better than tumors with high expression of TS. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 10791849-11 2000 CONCLUSIONS: TS, itself, may be a prognostic factor for colon carcinoma; and 5-FU adjuvant chemotherapy may be appropriate for colon carcinoma with high expression of TS. Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 10796062-5 2000 The most promising agents were further studied by assessment of their ability to modulate intracellular activation of FUra to enhance thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by FUra and to increase the subsequent induction of apoptosis. Fluorouracil 118-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-154 10847455-2 2000 TS has been used as a target for cancer chemotherapy in the development of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and of novel folate-based TS inhibitors such as ZD1694 (Tomudex, Raltitrexed), ZD9331, LY231514 (ALIMTA, Pemetrexed), AG337 (Thymitaq, Nolatrexed) and AG331. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10847455-2 2000 TS has been used as a target for cancer chemotherapy in the development of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and of novel folate-based TS inhibitors such as ZD1694 (Tomudex, Raltitrexed), ZD9331, LY231514 (ALIMTA, Pemetrexed), AG337 (Thymitaq, Nolatrexed) and AG331. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10847455-8 2000 TS inhibition by either 5-FU or antifolates can also result in a depression of TS protein mediated inhibition of TS mRNA translation leading to induction of more TS protein synthesis, and p53 protein may further deregulate this process. Fluorouracil 24-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10847455-8 2000 TS inhibition by either 5-FU or antifolates can also result in a depression of TS protein mediated inhibition of TS mRNA translation leading to induction of more TS protein synthesis, and p53 protein may further deregulate this process. Fluorouracil 24-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 10847455-8 2000 TS inhibition by either 5-FU or antifolates can also result in a depression of TS protein mediated inhibition of TS mRNA translation leading to induction of more TS protein synthesis, and p53 protein may further deregulate this process. Fluorouracil 24-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 10847455-8 2000 TS inhibition by either 5-FU or antifolates can also result in a depression of TS protein mediated inhibition of TS mRNA translation leading to induction of more TS protein synthesis, and p53 protein may further deregulate this process. Fluorouracil 24-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-81 10796062-5 2000 The most promising agents were further studied by assessment of their ability to modulate intracellular activation of FUra to enhance thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by FUra and to increase the subsequent induction of apoptosis. Fluorouracil 174-178 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-154 10752654-0 2000 Changes in thymidylate synthase mRNA in blood leukocytes from patients with colorectal cancer after bolus administration of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-31 10639590-1 2000 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in human cancer tissues has been suggested to be a prognostic factor for patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 10639590-1 2000 The expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in human cancer tissues has been suggested to be a prognostic factor for patients receiving 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 10660804-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 10660804-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 10660804-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 10660804-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 10660804-2 2000 TS mRNA and protein levels in colorectal tumours are among the most important determinants for tumour response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 114-118 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10660804-3 2000 TS mRNA levels in blood leukocytes may give information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of 5-FU on TS as it has previously been shown that inhibition of TS levels by 5-FU in bone marrow leukocytes resembles the degree of TS inhibition in colorectal tumours. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10660804-3 2000 TS mRNA levels in blood leukocytes may give information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of 5-FU on TS as it has previously been shown that inhibition of TS levels by 5-FU in bone marrow leukocytes resembles the degree of TS inhibition in colorectal tumours. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 10660804-3 2000 TS mRNA levels in blood leukocytes may give information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of 5-FU on TS as it has previously been shown that inhibition of TS levels by 5-FU in bone marrow leukocytes resembles the degree of TS inhibition in colorectal tumours. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 10660804-3 2000 TS mRNA levels in blood leukocytes may give information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of 5-FU on TS as it has previously been shown that inhibition of TS levels by 5-FU in bone marrow leukocytes resembles the degree of TS inhibition in colorectal tumours. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 10660804-3 2000 TS mRNA levels in blood leukocytes may give information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of 5-FU on TS as it has previously been shown that inhibition of TS levels by 5-FU in bone marrow leukocytes resembles the degree of TS inhibition in colorectal tumours. Fluorouracil 181-185 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10791219-7 2000 Both thymidylate synthase and thymidine kinase activities were significantly inhibited in tumor tissue when the combination of 5-fluorouracil and IL-2 was administered. Fluorouracil 127-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-25 10791219-8 2000 CONCLUSIONS: IL-2 increases 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity through the inhibition of thymidylate synthase/thymidine kinase activities in the hepatic arterial infusion. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-102 10752654-4 2000 bolus 5-FU 500-600 mg/m2 on the 5-FU target enzyme, thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA, in blood leukocytes before and after courses 1 and 3 in 21 patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 6-10 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 10752654-4 2000 bolus 5-FU 500-600 mg/m2 on the 5-FU target enzyme, thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA, in blood leukocytes before and after courses 1 and 3 in 21 patients with colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 6-10 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 10766580-0 1999 [Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase activities in colonic cancer tissue and sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil]. Fluorouracil 113-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-57 11417748-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy and can be inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the antifolates, AG337 (Nolatrexed) and multitargeted antifolate (MTA or Pemetrexed). Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11417748-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy and can be inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the antifolates, AG337 (Nolatrexed) and multitargeted antifolate (MTA or Pemetrexed). Fluorouracil 90-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 11417748-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy and can be inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the antifolates, AG337 (Nolatrexed) and multitargeted antifolate (MTA or Pemetrexed). Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 11417748-1 2000 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an important target for chemotherapy and can be inhibited by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the antifolates, AG337 (Nolatrexed) and multitargeted antifolate (MTA or Pemetrexed). Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 10674003-6 1999 The differential responses to 5-FU alone were possibly determined by differences in substrate affinity and conversion rate of thymidylate synthase (K(m) of approximately 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5 microM and V0 of approximately 800, 200 and 2400 microM/h, respectively). Fluorouracil 30-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 126-146 10606255-2 1999 TS is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which has been used for cancer treatment for more than 40 years. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10606255-2 1999 TS is the primary target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which has been used for cancer treatment for more than 40 years. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10606259-4 1999 Second, IFN treatment leads to abrogation of an 5-FU-associated increase in the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), thus increasing tumor sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 87-107 10606259-4 1999 Second, IFN treatment leads to abrogation of an 5-FU-associated increase in the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), thus increasing tumor sensitivity to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 151-155 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 87-107 10635300-1 1999 The relationship of 5-FU-sensitivity to thymidylate synthase (TS) was investigated in a total of 82 gastric cancers of stage III or IV. Fluorouracil 20-24 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 10635300-1 1999 The relationship of 5-FU-sensitivity to thymidylate synthase (TS) was investigated in a total of 82 gastric cancers of stage III or IV. Fluorouracil 20-24 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-64 10635300-7 1999 In the present study, the ratio of patients negative for TS among the high 5-FU-sensitivity group both was 65.2%, both of which have been reported as producing high survival rates. Fluorouracil 75-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 57-59 10635300-8 1999 In contrast, the ratio of patients positive for TS in the low 5-FU-sensitivity group was 22.0%. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 10635300-9 1999 From these results, TS is considered to be responsible for approximately 40-50% of either high or low 5-FU-sensitivity, respectively, when the lower TS expression in the present study was taken into consideration and corrected. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-22 10555156-1 1999 Interaction between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and FdUMP[10], a novel pro-drug formulation of the thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitory nucleotide 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of using these two forms of fluorinated pyrimidine in combination chemotherapy regimens. Fluorouracil 36-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 10584579-6 1999 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which are enzymes in 5-FU metabolism, and the labeling index (ID) of DNA fragmentation in the tumor were estimated before and after UFT. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 10697629-2 1999 5-FU is metabolically converted to 5-fluorouracil-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate-(FdUMP) which is believed to inhibit DNA synthesis in neoplastic cells by forming a tightly bound ternary complex with thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 202-222 10697629-2 1999 5-FU is metabolically converted to 5-fluorouracil-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate-(FdUMP) which is believed to inhibit DNA synthesis in neoplastic cells by forming a tightly bound ternary complex with thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 224-226 10697629-8 1999 The effectiveness of adjuvant 5-FU derivatives chemotherapy was reflected in a higher disease-free survival rate in node (+) cases showing TS levels between 5 and 10 pmol/g (p < 0.1), but not in node (-) cases. Fluorouracil 30-34 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 139-141 10697629-10 1999 Breast cancers with extremely high TS levels were accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis; however, those with moderately high TS levels tended to respond to adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU derivatives. Fluorouracil 185-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 127-129 10622537-1 1999 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used worldwide, and the correlation between its effects and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been reported in gastrointestinal malignancy. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-111 10622537-1 1999 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used worldwide, and the correlation between its effects and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression has been reported in gastrointestinal malignancy. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-111 10499641-5 1999 Additionally, 5-FU revealed a drastically increased thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 14-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 10471740-2 1999 In the cell, 5-FU is metabolized to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-FdUMP), a tight binding covalent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 13-17 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-128 10471740-2 1999 In the cell, 5-FU is metabolized to 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate (5-FdUMP), a tight binding covalent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 13-17 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-132 10545786-3 1999 TS has been used as a target for cancer chemotherapy in the development of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and novel folate-based TS inhibitors such as ZD1694 (Tomudex, Raltitrexed), LY231514, AG337 (Thymitaq) and GW1843U89. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10545786-3 1999 TS has been used as a target for cancer chemotherapy in the development of fluoropyrimidines such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and novel folate-based TS inhibitors such as ZD1694 (Tomudex, Raltitrexed), LY231514, AG337 (Thymitaq) and GW1843U89. Fluorouracil 117-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 10499641-5 1999 Additionally, 5-FU revealed a drastically increased thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 14-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 10499641-5 1999 Additionally, 5-FU revealed a drastically increased thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 10499641-5 1999 Additionally, 5-FU revealed a drastically increased thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in 5-FU-resistant cells. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-76 10499641-6 1999 However, the increasing actions of CDDP and 5-FU on GSTpi, DPD, MRP, and TS expression varied according to the exposure time, concentration, and schedule. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-75 10499641-7 1999 A low concentration of CDDP (1 microg/ml, 30 min) followed by 5-FU (0.5 microg/ml, 72 h) was found to cause a less increased expression of DPD, MRP, GSTpi, and TS than either drug alone, thus resulting in synergistic cytotoxicity in 5-FU-resistant COLO201 and CDDP-resistant HCC-48 cells. Fluorouracil 62-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 160-162 10561213-0 1999 Immunohistochemical quantitation of thymidylate synthase expression in colorectal cancer metastases predicts for clinical outcome to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 133-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 10482907-0 1999 Antisense down-regulation of thymidylate synthase to suppress growth and enhance cytotoxicity of 5-FUdR, 5-FU and Tomudex in HeLa cells. Fluorouracil 97-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 10473077-0 1999 Thymidylate synthase protein expression in advanced colon cancer: correlation with the site of metastasis and the clinical response to leucovorin-modulated bolus 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 162-176 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 10473077-1 1999 Recently, we have demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression predicts for the clinical response to a regimen of infusional 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 10473077-1 1999 Recently, we have demonstrated that thymidylate synthase (TS) protein expression predicts for the clinical response to a regimen of infusional 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 143-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 58-60 10473077-4 1999 A secondary aim was to compare TS levels between liver metastases and abdominal recurrences from colon cancer, because these sites have a distinctly different responsiveness to 5FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 177-180 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 10473077-10 1999 The higher TS levels observed in abdominal compared with liver metastases may account for their different responsiveness to 5FU chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 124-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 11-13 10885904-3 1999 Several other enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism, i.e. thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine kinase (TK) and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which might be involved in the 5-FU action were also studied to elucidate their potential role in the modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 180-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 10885904-3 1999 Several other enzymes of pyrimidine metabolism, i.e. thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine kinase (TK) and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which might be involved in the 5-FU action were also studied to elucidate their potential role in the modulation of 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 265-269 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 10561213-1 1999 PURPOSE: To determine whether immunohistochemical thymidylate synthase (TS) quantitation predicts for clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated by fluorouracil (FUra)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 188-192 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 10212232-4 1999 The fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine are cytotoxic as a consequence of inhibition of TS by the metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine 5"-monophosphate (FdUMP). Fluorouracil 22-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-116 10645207-3 1999 Raltitrexed and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are specific and non-specific inhibitors, respectively, of thymidylate synthase, a critical enzyme in the de novo synthesis of DNA. Fluorouracil 16-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-117 10206306-0 1999 A multifactorial approach including tumoural epidermal growth factor receptor, p53, thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase to predict treatment outcome in head and neck cancer patients receiving 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 213-227 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-104 10024690-0 1999 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, multidrug resistance-associated protein, and thymidylate synthase gene expression levels can predict 5-fluorouracil resistance in human gastrointestinal cancer cells. Fluorouracil 134-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 10024690-2 1999 Although mRNA and protein levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) did not relate to the resistance, 5-FU treatment revealed a remarkable increase of TS expression. Fluorouracil 96-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 10024690-3 1999 Such enhanced TS expression was more significant than DPD and MRP, and observed less in 5-FU sensitive cells. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-16 10024690-4 1999 DPD and MRP expression levels can predict primary 5-FU resistance, and TS may be a potent predictor of cellular 5-FU resistance after 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-73 10024690-4 1999 DPD and MRP expression levels can predict primary 5-FU resistance, and TS may be a potent predictor of cellular 5-FU resistance after 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-73 10097740-3 1999 It has been determined that leucovorin (LV) potentiates the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU through prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 80-84 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 117-137 10370652-1 1999 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 10370652-1 1999 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 66-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 10370652-1 1999 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 10370652-1 1999 BACKGROUND/AIMS: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 10645207-3 1999 Raltitrexed and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are specific and non-specific inhibitors, respectively, of thymidylate synthase, a critical enzyme in the de novo synthesis of DNA. Fluorouracil 32-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-117 10051538-2 1999 The host-cell system used was phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells; dTMP and dTTP depletion were induced by single exposures to a low level of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or its deoxynucleoside, 2"-deoxy-5-fluorouridine. Fluorouracil 206-220 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 175-195 10030740-6 1999 The changes in free thymidylate synthetase (TS) concentration indicated TS synthesis after the administration of 5-FU to be more greatly suppressed in the combination group than in the 5-FU group. Fluorouracil 113-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 20-42 9890899-2 1999 This stem-loop structure is thought to be important in the regulation of TS translation, which is itself an important target for anticancer drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 155-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-75 10555123-3 1999 Gemcitabine may potentiate fluorouracil"s inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 27-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 10226579-3 1999 MCF-7 human breast and H630 human colon carcinoma cells selected for resistance to tomudex and 5-fluorouracil, respectively via thymidylate synthase (TS) amplification demonstrated only modest resistance to LY231514 compared to tomudex. Fluorouracil 95-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 9773807-6 1998 Furthermore, elevations of thymidylate synthase were seen in all cell lines with resistance to 24 h of 5-FU but also in one cell line with resistance to a bolus schedule. Fluorouracil 103-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 27-47 9951876-2 1998 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes involved in the biochemical functions of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 144-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9951876-2 1998 Thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) are key enzymes involved in the biochemical functions of the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9748254-1 1998 Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the methylation of dUMP to dTMP and is the target for the widely used chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 129-143 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9796967-5 1998 We had shown previously that high expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FUra, was also a predictor of nonresponse to 5-FUra (L. Leichman et al, J. Clin. Fluorouracil 96-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 9796967-5 1998 We had shown previously that high expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FUra, was also a predictor of nonresponse to 5-FUra (L. Leichman et al, J. Clin. Fluorouracil 96-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 9796967-5 1998 We had shown previously that high expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FUra, was also a predictor of nonresponse to 5-FUra (L. Leichman et al, J. Clin. Fluorouracil 143-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 9796967-5 1998 We had shown previously that high expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FUra, was also a predictor of nonresponse to 5-FUra (L. Leichman et al, J. Clin. Fluorouracil 143-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 9796967-7 1998 TP and TS expressions were found to be independent variables in these tumors, so that low expression levels of both TS and TP in tumors predicted a very high response rate (11 of 14) to 5-FUra/LV as well as a significantly longer survival, whereas none (0 of 24) of the patients with high expression of either TP or TS were responders. Fluorouracil 186-192 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-118 9796967-7 1998 TP and TS expressions were found to be independent variables in these tumors, so that low expression levels of both TS and TP in tumors predicted a very high response rate (11 of 14) to 5-FUra/LV as well as a significantly longer survival, whereas none (0 of 24) of the patients with high expression of either TP or TS were responders. Fluorouracil 186-192 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-118 9809460-6 1998 To date, the prediction of primary resistance to 5-FU in the clinic is limited to few studies focusing mainly on the key enzyme thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 9726090-3 1998 This trial demonstrated that intratumoral TS/beta-actin messenger RNA (mRNA) ratio can accurately predict which metastatic colorectal tumors will be resistant to a leucovorin-modulated 5-FU infusion and which have a high likelihood of responding to such a regimen. Fluorouracil 185-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 42-44 9726090-4 1998 Results of other studies of adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer also indicated that TS expression within the tumor is predictive of response of 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 165-169 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 105-107 9662252-0 1998 Thymidylate synthase expression and activity: relation to S-phase parameters and 5-fluorouracil sensitivity. Fluorouracil 81-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9698077-0 1998 5-fluorouracil-mediated thymidylate synthase induction in malignant and nonmalignant human cells. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-44 9596684-1 1998 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition causes cell death, and this enzyme is the target for the important chemotherapy regime 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9596684-1 1998 Thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition causes cell death, and this enzyme is the target for the important chemotherapy regime 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Fluorouracil 124-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 63-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 9657039-3 1998 When exposed to 5-FU, DLD-1/5-FU cells exhibited marked resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU as compared to DLD-1 cells, and incorporation of 5-FU into cellular RNA in DLD-1/5-FU cells decreased to 25% of that in DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 9657039-3 1998 When exposed to 5-FU, DLD-1/5-FU cells exhibited marked resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU as compared to DLD-1 cells, and incorporation of 5-FU into cellular RNA in DLD-1/5-FU cells decreased to 25% of that in DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 9657039-3 1998 When exposed to 5-FU, DLD-1/5-FU cells exhibited marked resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU as compared to DLD-1 cells, and incorporation of 5-FU into cellular RNA in DLD-1/5-FU cells decreased to 25% of that in DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 9657039-3 1998 When exposed to 5-FU, DLD-1/5-FU cells exhibited marked resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU as compared to DLD-1 cells, and incorporation of 5-FU into cellular RNA in DLD-1/5-FU cells decreased to 25% of that in DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 9657039-3 1998 When exposed to 5-FU, DLD-1/5-FU cells exhibited marked resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU as compared to DLD-1 cells, and incorporation of 5-FU into cellular RNA in DLD-1/5-FU cells decreased to 25% of that in DLD-1 cells. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 9663808-7 1998 The combination of 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid results in more efficient inhibition of thymidylate synthase, a finding which is now utilized routinely in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 19-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-112 9644315-1 1998 We analyzed the relationship between clinical response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) and thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in their tumors. Fluorouracil 110-114 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 168-188 9673356-0 1998 Detection and quantitation of thymidylate synthase mRNA in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line resistant to 5-fluorouracil by competitive PCR. Fluorouracil 109-123 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-50 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 63-66 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 181-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 9673363-1 1998 Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) by the 5-Fluorouracil (5Fu) active metabolite Fluoro-deoxy-uridine-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5Fu. Fluorouracil 181-184 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 9607583-2 1998 Therefore, we determined p53 status in 36 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining, as well as by the gene expression level of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), by reverse transcription-PCR. Fluorouracil 231-245 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 183-203 9607583-2 1998 Therefore, we determined p53 status in 36 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining, as well as by the gene expression level of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), by reverse transcription-PCR. Fluorouracil 231-245 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 205-207 9607583-2 1998 Therefore, we determined p53 status in 36 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer by cDNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining, as well as by the gene expression level of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), by reverse transcription-PCR. Fluorouracil 247-251 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 205-207 9589051-0 1998 [Effect of low-dose CDDP/5-FU therapy on thymidylate synthase content]. Fluorouracil 25-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-61 9576280-0 1998 High expression of thymidylate synthase is associated with the drug resistance of gastric carcinoma to high dose 5-fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 113-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-39 9576280-2 1998 This has enabled them to explore the possibility that the level of expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU, is related to the drug sensitivity of gastric carcinoma to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-101 9576280-2 1998 This has enabled them to explore the possibility that the level of expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU, is related to the drug sensitivity of gastric carcinoma to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-105 9576280-2 1998 This has enabled them to explore the possibility that the level of expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU, is related to the drug sensitivity of gastric carcinoma to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 194-198 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-101 9576280-2 1998 This has enabled them to explore the possibility that the level of expression of thymidylate synthase (TS), the target enzyme of 5-FU, is related to the drug sensitivity of gastric carcinoma to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 194-198 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-105 9576280-10 1998 CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study suggest that the expression of TS, as determined by immunohistochemistry, is a relatively reliable indicator of whether 5-FU should be used in the treatment of patients with gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil 158-162 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 9463483-7 1998 Thymidylate synthase catalytic activity was reduced to 28% and 24% of control with FUra with or without IFN-alpha + gamma, suggesting that the enhanced dTTP depletion must be due to another mechanism. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9528843-1 1998 Two patients with proven 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-associated cardiotoxicity were treated with the specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor raltitrexed safely, without evidence of cardiotoxicity. Fluorouracil 25-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-124 9528843-1 1998 Two patients with proven 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-associated cardiotoxicity were treated with the specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor raltitrexed safely, without evidence of cardiotoxicity. Fluorouracil 41-45 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-124 9600127-6 1998 In contrast, the HT-29/5-FU/S cells were more sensitive to the inhibition of in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-FU than were the parent cells. Fluorouracil 23-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 85-105 9463483-8 1998 FUra-mediated thymidylate synthase inhibition was accompanied by a 124-fold increase in total deoxyuridylate immunoreactivity and a 31-fold increase in dUTP pools, but the addition of IFN-alpha + gamma attenuated the accumulation. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 9624255-1 1998 The main clinically relevant cellular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-104 9624255-1 1998 The main clinically relevant cellular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-108 9624255-1 1998 The main clinically relevant cellular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 84-104 9624255-1 1998 The main clinically relevant cellular target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-108 9624255-2 1998 Both preclinical data and clinical data in digestive tract cancer indicate that an increased amount of TS in tumours can predict for 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 103-105 9336359-0 1997 Quantitation of intratumoral thymidylate synthase expression predicts for disseminated colorectal cancer response and resistance to protracted-infusion fluorouracil and weekly leucovorin. Fluorouracil 152-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 9440758-1 1998 PURPOSE: We have previously shown that relative thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA levels in primary gastric adenocarcinomas treated with fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin are inversely associated with response and survival. Fluorouracil 134-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 9440758-1 1998 PURPOSE: We have previously shown that relative thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA levels in primary gastric adenocarcinomas treated with fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin are inversely associated with response and survival. Fluorouracil 134-146 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 9440758-1 1998 PURPOSE: We have previously shown that relative thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA levels in primary gastric adenocarcinomas treated with fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin are inversely associated with response and survival. Fluorouracil 148-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 9440758-1 1998 PURPOSE: We have previously shown that relative thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA levels in primary gastric adenocarcinomas treated with fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin are inversely associated with response and survival. Fluorouracil 148-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 9440758-2 1998 This is a presumed function of TS as a target for 5-FU activity. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 9416974-7 1997 In 5-FU naive cells, a stimulating effect of 5-FU on thymidylate synthase mRNA and ribonucleotide reductase mRNA expression was observed. Fluorouracil 3-7 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 9416974-7 1997 In 5-FU naive cells, a stimulating effect of 5-FU on thymidylate synthase mRNA and ribonucleotide reductase mRNA expression was observed. Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 9336359-3 1997 Intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) quantitation may be among the most important determinants of sensitivity or resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 9336359-3 1997 Intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS) quantitation may be among the most important determinants of sensitivity or resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 129-133 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 21590122-0 1997 Preparation of the antibodies against recombinant human thymidylate synthase for the detection of its intratumoral levels and the application to sensitivity-study of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 166-180 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 9276707-9 1997 More potent inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) such as tomudex and trimetrexate have been developed and are currently being evaluated in the clinic either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 189-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 9276707-9 1997 More potent inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) such as tomudex and trimetrexate have been developed and are currently being evaluated in the clinic either alone or in combination with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 189-193 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 9223329-8 1997 FasL expression also correlated with acute apoptosis induced in parental GC3/cl cells, commencing at 48 hr, following thymidylate synthase inhibition by 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin exposure. Fluorouracil 153-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 21590122-1 1997 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo DNA biosynthesis and also a primary target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 110-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21590122-1 1997 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo DNA biosynthesis and also a primary target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 110-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 9620216-1 1997 We evaluated the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV) on thymidylate synthase (TS) in normal rapidly dividing tissues, which may contribute to toxic side-effects of treatment with 5FU and LV. Fluorouracil 28-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-92 21590122-1 1997 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo DNA biosynthesis and also a primary target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21590122-1 1997 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo DNA biosynthesis and also a primary target for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 21590122-3 1997 Using this anti-TS antibody, it was revealed that the content of TS protein, as determined by Western blot analysis, correlated with the enzyme activity (gamma=0.973) and cytotoxicity of 5-FU, expressed as IC50 value (gamma=0.954) against human colon tumor cells, sensitive to and with acquired-resistance to 5-fluoropyrimidines and other cancer cells. Fluorouracil 187-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-18 21590122-3 1997 Using this anti-TS antibody, it was revealed that the content of TS protein, as determined by Western blot analysis, correlated with the enzyme activity (gamma=0.973) and cytotoxicity of 5-FU, expressed as IC50 value (gamma=0.954) against human colon tumor cells, sensitive to and with acquired-resistance to 5-fluoropyrimidines and other cancer cells. Fluorouracil 187-191 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-67 21590122-5 1997 These results indicate that this purified polyclonal antibody to rhTS is applicable to prospective and retrospective clinical studies on immunochemical TS expression in various tumors as a prognostic factor and 5-FU response-predicting parameter. Fluorouracil 211-215 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 67-69 9186496-1 1997 Fluorinated pyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), are cytotoxic to cells as a consequence of generation of 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which is a mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 33-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 237-257 9186496-1 1997 Fluorinated pyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), are cytotoxic to cells as a consequence of generation of 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which is a mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 33-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 259-261 9186496-1 1997 Fluorinated pyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), are cytotoxic to cells as a consequence of generation of 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which is a mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 237-257 9186496-1 1997 Fluorinated pyrimidines, such as 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), are cytotoxic to cells as a consequence of generation of 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which is a mechanism-based inhibitor of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 259-261 9212806-8 1997 The TS inhibition rate correlated with the 5-FU concentration in the tumor tissue (r = 0.527, p = 0.047). Fluorouracil 43-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-6 9126308-0 1997 [The correlation between thymidylate synthase expression and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in human cancer cell lines: study using polyclonal antibody against recombinant human thymidylate synthase]. Fluorouracil 77-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 25-45 9126308-0 1997 [The correlation between thymidylate synthase expression and cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in human cancer cell lines: study using polyclonal antibody against recombinant human thymidylate synthase]. Fluorouracil 77-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 178-198 9126308-1 1997 To estimate the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors and clinical response and prognosis in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the anti-TS polyclonal antibody against recombinant human TS (rhTS) was prepared and purified. Fluorouracil 159-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-75 9126308-1 1997 To estimate the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors and clinical response and prognosis in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the anti-TS polyclonal antibody against recombinant human TS (rhTS) was prepared and purified. Fluorouracil 159-173 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 9126308-1 1997 To estimate the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors and clinical response and prognosis in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the anti-TS polyclonal antibody against recombinant human TS (rhTS) was prepared and purified. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-75 9126308-1 1997 To estimate the relationship between the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors and clinical response and prognosis in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the anti-TS polyclonal antibody against recombinant human TS (rhTS) was prepared and purified. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 77-79 9126308-2 1997 At the initial stage, we attempted to clarify the relationships between the expression of TS protein and the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in established human cancer cells in vitro. Fluorouracil 125-129 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-92 9126308-4 1997 Furthermore, it was revealed that the expression of TS proteins correlated with cytotoxicity (IC50 value) of 5-FU against human colorectal tumor cells, both sensitive and those with acquired resistance to 5-fluoropyrimidines, and other cancer cell lines as well. Fluorouracil 109-113 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 9113088-5 1997 However, LV significantly (P < 0.01) potentiated the inhibition of TS activity in situ in HCT-8 cells at 24 hr after a 2-hr treatment with either 5-FU or 5-FdUrd, but had no such activity in the FL2h and FL72h sublines (P > 0.1). Fluorouracil 149-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 9155534-3 1997 IFN-alpha may elevate the levels of the active 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) in the cell, possibly leading to increased inhibition of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), which might enhance DNA damage. Fluorouracil 47-51 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 188-208 9155534-13 1997 Expression of TS protein, analysed by ELISA, was increased after 5-FU exposure of SW948 cells, but this increase was not affected by addition of either IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-16 9062414-1 1997 The increasing interest in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) modulation and the development of new antifolates has focused attention in recent studies on the expression of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) as a determinant of drug sensitivity and resistance. Fluorouracil 27-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 178-198 9062414-1 1997 The increasing interest in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) modulation and the development of new antifolates has focused attention in recent studies on the expression of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) as a determinant of drug sensitivity and resistance. Fluorouracil 27-41 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-202 9062414-1 1997 The increasing interest in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) modulation and the development of new antifolates has focused attention in recent studies on the expression of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) as a determinant of drug sensitivity and resistance. Fluorouracil 43-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 178-198 9062414-1 1997 The increasing interest in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) modulation and the development of new antifolates has focused attention in recent studies on the expression of the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) as a determinant of drug sensitivity and resistance. Fluorouracil 43-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-202 9256160-6 1997 Resistance factors for TS inhibitors were: 2.4 and 0.4 for 5-fluorouracil (5FU), 18.8 and 8.8 for ZD1694, 17 and 0.7 for AG337, and 40 and 8.3 for BW1843U89 in SW-1573/2R160 and SW-1573/2R120, respectively. Fluorouracil 59-73 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 23-25 9256160-6 1997 Resistance factors for TS inhibitors were: 2.4 and 0.4 for 5-fluorouracil (5FU), 18.8 and 8.8 for ZD1694, 17 and 0.7 for AG337, and 40 and 8.3 for BW1843U89 in SW-1573/2R160 and SW-1573/2R120, respectively. Fluorouracil 75-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 23-25 9815719-1 1997 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the main target for fluorouracil (FU). Fluorouracil 49-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 9126308-5 1997 These results suggest that our anti-TS polyclonal antibody (IgG) is suitable for clinical prospective and retrospective studies on TS expression in various cancers as a prognostic factor and 5-FU response-predicting parameter. Fluorouracil 191-195 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 9048835-2 1997 PURPOSE: We evaluated relationships between the level and/or pattern of tumor TS expression and response to fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Fluorouracil 108-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 9048835-2 1997 PURPOSE: We evaluated relationships between the level and/or pattern of tumor TS expression and response to fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Fluorouracil 122-126 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 9620216-1 1997 We evaluated the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV) on thymidylate synthase (TS) in normal rapidly dividing tissues, which may contribute to toxic side-effects of treatment with 5FU and LV. Fluorouracil 44-47 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-92 8609072-4 1996 On the other hand, NUGC-3/5/5FU/L also showed resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 9045902-4 1997 The thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition rate, an index of inhibition of the de novo pathway, was significantly higher in the 5-FU and 5-FU plus AZT groups than in the control group (P<0.01), but it did not differ from the control in the AZT group. Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 9045902-4 1997 The thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition rate, an index of inhibition of the de novo pathway, was significantly higher in the 5-FU and 5-FU plus AZT groups than in the control group (P<0.01), but it did not differ from the control in the AZT group. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 4-24 8609072-4 1996 On the other hand, NUGC-3/5/5FU/L also showed resistance to in situ thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-92 8609072-9 1996 2"-Deoxyinosine effectively enhanced TS inhibition by 5-FU in the resistant cells, thus markedly sensitizing them to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 54-58 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-39 8820950-5 1996 One of the critical mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU appears to be the acute induction in thymidylate synthase (TS) levels following therapy with inhibitors of this enzyme. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-110 8823494-1 1996 Interferon (IFN) augments the anabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) to its active metabolite, fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 43-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-155 8823494-1 1996 Interferon (IFN) augments the anabolism of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) to its active metabolite, fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP), which inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 59-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-155 8884811-1 1996 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), is clinically used in the treatment of several solid tumors, including colorectal, head and neck, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-59 8884811-1 1996 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45), is clinically used in the treatment of several solid tumors, including colorectal, head and neck, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-59 8695163-1 1996 Knowledge of population thymidylate synthase (TS) levels in malignant tumors and normal tissues is essential for the use of TS as a predictor for 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 146-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 24-44 8695163-1 1996 Knowledge of population thymidylate synthase (TS) levels in malignant tumors and normal tissues is essential for the use of TS as a predictor for 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 146-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-48 8695163-1 1996 Knowledge of population thymidylate synthase (TS) levels in malignant tumors and normal tissues is essential for the use of TS as a predictor for 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 146-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 124-126 8558194-1 1996 PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantitation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) within a primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach, has an inverse relationship to response and survival for patients who receive fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 250-262 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-118 8558194-1 1996 PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantitation of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) within a primary adenocarcinoma of the stomach, has an inverse relationship to response and survival for patients who receive fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 264-267 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-118 10387999-5 1996 One of the critical mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU appears to be the acute induction in thymidylate synthase (TS) levels following therapy with inhibitors of this enzyme. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-110 10387999-5 1996 One of the critical mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU appears to be the acute induction in thymidylate synthase (TS) levels following therapy with inhibitors of this enzyme. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 112-114 8820950-5 1996 One of the critical mechanisms of resistance to 5-FU appears to be the acute induction in thymidylate synthase (TS) levels following therapy with inhibitors of this enzyme. Fluorouracil 48-52 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 112-114 8746791-8 1995 LV augmented the antitumor activity of 5-FU through increment of thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition, and IFN-alpha 2a showed a modulatory effect in elevating the intratumoral concentration of fluorouridine without change in TS inhibition. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-87 7641209-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil and is inhibited by 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP) to form an inactive ternary complex. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7641209-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target enzyme of 5-fluorouracil and is inhibited by 5-fluoro-dUMP (FdUMP) to form an inactive ternary complex. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 9166454-8 1995 After exposure to fluorouracil, levels of free thymidylate synthase were significantly lower and the percent bound thymidylate synthase was higher in responders than in nonresponders. Fluorouracil 18-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 7574773-6 1995 After intrapleural instillation of a combination of 5-FU 250 mg and leucovorin 3 mg, the total amount and the catalytic activity of TS could be measured. Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 9816038-1 1995 In colon cancers induction of a thymineless state following inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by 5-fluorouracil combined with leucovorin can initiate a cytotoxic response. Fluorouracil 103-117 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 74-94 7779703-0 1995 The effect of dose and interval between 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin on the formation of thymidylate synthase ternary complex in human cancer cells. Fluorouracil 40-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 90-110 7779703-1 1995 We examined the importance of dosing interval between leucovorin (LCV) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on intracellular thymidylate synthase (TS) ternary complex, free TS and total TS protein levels in human MCF-7 breast and NCI H630 colon cancer cell lines. Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-134 7779703-2 1995 A 2- to 3-fold increase in total TS was noted when either cell line was exposed to 5-FU 10 microM plus LCV (0.01-10 microM) compared with a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in total TS due to 5-FU 10 microM alone. Fluorouracil 83-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 7779703-2 1995 A 2- to 3-fold increase in total TS was noted when either cell line was exposed to 5-FU 10 microM plus LCV (0.01-10 microM) compared with a 1.4- to 1.6-fold increase in total TS due to 5-FU 10 microM alone. Fluorouracil 185-189 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 7779703-5 1995 In MCF-7 cells, the maximal increase in total TS protein and TS ternary complex formation was observed when 5-FU was delayed for 4 h after the start of LCV exposure. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-48 7779703-5 1995 In MCF-7 cells, the maximal increase in total TS protein and TS ternary complex formation was observed when 5-FU was delayed for 4 h after the start of LCV exposure. Fluorouracil 108-112 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-63 7779703-6 1995 In NCI H630 cells, maximal total TS protein and ternary complex formation occurred when 5-FU was delayed for 18 h after the start of LCV exposure. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-35 7779703-8 1995 In these human carcinoma cell lines, the LCV dose and interval between 5-FU and LCV play a role in increased TS total protein and TS ternary complex; however, the amount of free TS is independent of the interval between 5-FU and LCV. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 109-111 7763285-0 1995 Thymidylate synthase gene amplification in human colon cancer cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 86-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7763285-7 1995 Although no major rearrangements of the TS gene were noted by Southern analysis, there was significant amplification of the TS gene in 5-FU-resistant cells, which was confirmed by DNA slot blot analysis. Fluorouracil 135-139 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 124-126 7645979-1 1995 5-Fluorouracil is the drug chosen for the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma; its major site of action is thymidylate synthase (TS), resulting in pronounced and prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 7645979-1 1995 5-Fluorouracil is the drug chosen for the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma; its major site of action is thymidylate synthase (TS), resulting in pronounced and prolonged inhibition of DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 150-152 7577040-2 1995 Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) can be related to insufficient inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 14-28 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 7577040-2 1995 Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) can be related to insufficient inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 30-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 7577041-0 1995 Quantitation of intratumoral thymidylate synthase expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil and weekly leucovorin in disseminated colorectal cancers: preliminary report from an ongoing trial. Fluorouracil 111-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 7577041-1 1995 A clinical trial for patients with measurable, disseminated colorectal cancer is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) affects response to protracted-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5FU); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of TS increases when clinical resistance is found after response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 211-225 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 7577041-1 1995 A clinical trial for patients with measurable, disseminated colorectal cancer is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) affects response to protracted-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5FU); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of TS increases when clinical resistance is found after response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 211-225 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 7577041-1 1995 A clinical trial for patients with measurable, disseminated colorectal cancer is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) affects response to protracted-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5FU); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of TS increases when clinical resistance is found after response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 227-230 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 7577041-1 1995 A clinical trial for patients with measurable, disseminated colorectal cancer is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) affects response to protracted-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5FU); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of TS increases when clinical resistance is found after response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 341-345 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 7577041-8 1995 On average, patients previously treated with 5-FU have slightly higher levels of TS expression in their measurable tumours (P = 0.4). Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-83 7602356-1 1995 PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of thymidylate synthase (TS; main cellular target of fluorouracil [FU]) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; rate-limiting enzyme of FU catabolism) in tumoral biopsies with respect to FU responsiveness. Fluorouracil 115-127 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 7779703-8 1995 In these human carcinoma cell lines, the LCV dose and interval between 5-FU and LCV play a role in increased TS total protein and TS ternary complex; however, the amount of free TS is independent of the interval between 5-FU and LCV. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-132 7779703-8 1995 In these human carcinoma cell lines, the LCV dose and interval between 5-FU and LCV play a role in increased TS total protein and TS ternary complex; however, the amount of free TS is independent of the interval between 5-FU and LCV. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 130-132 9166454-8 1995 After exposure to fluorouracil, levels of free thymidylate synthase were significantly lower and the percent bound thymidylate synthase was higher in responders than in nonresponders. Fluorouracil 18-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-135 9166454-10 1995 CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate that a response to neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based therapy may be associated with decreased levels of total thymidylate synthase before therapy and free thymidylate synthase after exposure to fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 79-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 155-175 9166454-10 1995 CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate that a response to neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based therapy may be associated with decreased levels of total thymidylate synthase before therapy and free thymidylate synthase after exposure to fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 79-91 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-220 9166454-10 1995 CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate that a response to neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based therapy may be associated with decreased levels of total thymidylate synthase before therapy and free thymidylate synthase after exposure to fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 239-251 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 155-175 9166454-10 1995 CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results indicate that a response to neoadjuvant fluorouracil-based therapy may be associated with decreased levels of total thymidylate synthase before therapy and free thymidylate synthase after exposure to fluorouracil in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 239-251 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-220 9166454-11 1995 Quantification of thymidylate synthase protein expression before and after exposure to fluorouracil may provide a method to select patients for fluorouracil therapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or advanced-disease setting based upon the fundamental sensitivity of the tumor. Fluorouracil 87-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 9166454-11 1995 Quantification of thymidylate synthase protein expression before and after exposure to fluorouracil may provide a method to select patients for fluorouracil therapy in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or advanced-disease setting based upon the fundamental sensitivity of the tumor. Fluorouracil 144-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 7790321-2 1995 In this study, the effect of Met-depleting TPN with 5-FU upon thymidylate synthase (TS) activity was examined, and the histological effect of this treatment on human gastric cancer was evaluated. Fluorouracil 52-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 62-82 7882343-0 1995 Thymidylate synthase gene and protein expression correlate and are associated with response to 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal and gastric tumors. Fluorouracil 95-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7882343-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7882343-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 51-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 7882343-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7882343-1 1995 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Fluorouracil 67-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 7882343-2 1995 We have correlated TS protein and gene expression with the response in patients with colorectal (n = 9) and gastric cancer (n = 12) treated with infusional 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV) or infusional 5-FU/LV and cisplatin, respectively. Fluorouracil 156-160 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-21 7882343-2 1995 We have correlated TS protein and gene expression with the response in patients with colorectal (n = 9) and gastric cancer (n = 12) treated with infusional 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV) or infusional 5-FU/LV and cisplatin, respectively. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 19-21 7882343-8 1995 Both the TS protein level and TS gene expression were significantly associated with response to 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 96-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-11 7882343-8 1995 Both the TS protein level and TS gene expression were significantly associated with response to 5-FU-based therapy. Fluorouracil 96-100 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-32 7805178-3 1995 Exogenous leucovorin, on the other hand, which enhances thymidylate synthase inhibition, appears to increase the clinical toxicity of 5-FU in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorouracil 134-138 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 7597304-7 1995 Moreover, IFN can reverse resistance against 5-FU by inhibiting the overexpression of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 8060136-0 1994 [Detection of thymidylate synthase mRNA in 5-fluorouracil resistant human colon adenocarcinoma cells]. Fluorouracil 43-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 7483142-3 1995 The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been shown to be active in prostate cancer, acting via inhibition of thymidylate synthase, an essential enzyme in DNA de novo synthesis. Fluorouracil 19-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-134 7483142-3 1995 The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been shown to be active in prostate cancer, acting via inhibition of thymidylate synthase, an essential enzyme in DNA de novo synthesis. Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-134 7872700-1 1994 Catalytic activity and FdUMP binding characteristics of thymidylate synthase (TS) were determined in 22 tumor biopsies of patients to be treated (15) or just treated (7) for colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. Fluorouracil 197-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 56-76 7872700-1 1994 Catalytic activity and FdUMP binding characteristics of thymidylate synthase (TS) were determined in 22 tumor biopsies of patients to be treated (15) or just treated (7) for colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. Fluorouracil 197-211 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-80 7931471-0 1994 Thymidylate synthase inhibition after administration of fluorouracil with or without leucovorin in colon cancer patients: implications for treatment with fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 56-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7931471-0 1994 Thymidylate synthase inhibition after administration of fluorouracil with or without leucovorin in colon cancer patients: implications for treatment with fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 154-166 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 7931471-1 1994 PURPOSE: To determine the time-dependence of fluorouracil (5FU)-induced thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition in colon cancer patients, the effect of leucovorin (LV), and the relation to response. Fluorouracil 45-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-92 7931471-1 1994 PURPOSE: To determine the time-dependence of fluorouracil (5FU)-induced thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition in colon cancer patients, the effect of leucovorin (LV), and the relation to response. Fluorouracil 59-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-92 7989939-10 1994 Adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival for patients with high TS levels. Fluorouracil 9-21 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 7989939-10 1994 Adjuvant fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement in disease-free and overall survival for patients with high TS levels. Fluorouracil 23-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 8005809-7 1994 CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept that the manipulation of FUra"s DNA-dependent actions, for example, through modulators of thymidylate synthase (TS) activity, may increase radiosensitization in clinical trials in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Fluorouracil 72-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 8005809-7 1994 CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept that the manipulation of FUra"s DNA-dependent actions, for example, through modulators of thymidylate synthase (TS) activity, may increase radiosensitization in clinical trials in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Fluorouracil 72-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 159-161 8206932-2 1994 Human TS cDNA was transcribed in the presence of Ura-, FUra-, or BrUTP to obtain 100% substituted mRNA. Fluorouracil 55-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 6-8 8206932-5 1994 Time courses of TS formation revealed a characteristic peak which occurred at 45 min for the Ura- and FUra-RNAs and at 2 h for the BrUra-RNA. Fluorouracil 102-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-18 8206932-1 1994 The synthesis of thymidylate synthase (TS) from 5-fluorouracil (FUra)- and 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted mRNAs was examined to investigate the effect of incorporation of uracil (Ura) analogs on translation. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 8206932-1 1994 The synthesis of thymidylate synthase (TS) from 5-fluorouracil (FUra)- and 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted mRNAs was examined to investigate the effect of incorporation of uracil (Ura) analogs on translation. Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 8021136-2 1994 Because the glutathione (GSH) system and thymidylate synthase (TS) are involved in the resistance to the main drugs used in HNSCC (cisplatin and 5-FU), we studied these systems in tumors and normal mucosae. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-65 8206932-1 1994 The synthesis of thymidylate synthase (TS) from 5-fluorouracil (FUra)- and 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted mRNAs was examined to investigate the effect of incorporation of uracil (Ura) analogs on translation. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 8206932-1 1994 The synthesis of thymidylate synthase (TS) from 5-fluorouracil (FUra)- and 5-bromouracil (BrUra)-substituted mRNAs was examined to investigate the effect of incorporation of uracil (Ura) analogs on translation. Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-41 8141112-1 1994 The use of leucovorin to modulate 5-fluorouracil (FUra)-mediated inhibition of thymidylate synthase has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to improve the antitumor activity of FUra. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 8141112-1 1994 The use of leucovorin to modulate 5-fluorouracil (FUra)-mediated inhibition of thymidylate synthase has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to improve the antitumor activity of FUra. Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 8141112-1 1994 The use of leucovorin to modulate 5-fluorouracil (FUra)-mediated inhibition of thymidylate synthase has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to improve the antitumor activity of FUra. Fluorouracil 178-182 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 7987994-1 1994 Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), the deoxynucleoside metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), can be converted in a single step to fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which binds covalently to thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 61-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 189-209 8028610-1 1994 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), an antimetabolite often used for the treatment of breast cancer, binds to and inactivates the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-143 8028610-1 1994 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), an antimetabolite often used for the treatment of breast cancer, binds to and inactivates the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 8028610-1 1994 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), an antimetabolite often used for the treatment of breast cancer, binds to and inactivates the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 16-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-143 8028610-1 1994 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), an antimetabolite often used for the treatment of breast cancer, binds to and inactivates the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 16-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-147 7987994-1 1994 Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), the deoxynucleoside metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), can be converted in a single step to fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which binds covalently to thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 189-209 7833111-0 1994 A role for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase in tumour sensitivity to fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 93-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-67 8355668-1 1993 A major mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of fluoropyrimidine analogs such as 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) occurs via the formation of 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), a tight-binding inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 82-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 227-247 8339275-6 1993 These findings indicate that low-dose continuous exposure schedules to FUra are cytotoxic primarily due to inhibition of thymidylate synthase and underscores the role of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate polyglutamates in this inhibition. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 121-141 8240657-10 1993 The differential effects of DPM on the potentiation of 5-FU cytotoxicity might be closely related to the cellular levels of FdUMP and its target enzyme, thymidylate synthase in three human maxillary cancer cell lines. Fluorouracil 55-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 153-173 8400344-2 1993 One of the principal mechanisms of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the inhibition of TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex consisting of TS-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 45-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 8400344-2 1993 One of the principal mechanisms of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the inhibition of TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex consisting of TS-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 45-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 148-150 8400344-2 1993 One of the principal mechanisms of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the inhibition of TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex consisting of TS-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 8400344-2 1993 One of the principal mechanisms of action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the inhibition of TS by formation of a ternary covalent complex consisting of TS-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 148-150 8400344-8 1993 The ratio of complex to free TS was up to 2-fold greater in 5-FU/leucovorin-treated cells compared to those treated with 5-FU alone. Fluorouracil 60-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 8400344-8 1993 The ratio of complex to free TS was up to 2-fold greater in 5-FU/leucovorin-treated cells compared to those treated with 5-FU alone. Fluorouracil 121-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-31 8398636-3 1993 Leucovorin, which is metabolized intracellularly to polyglutamated 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, modulates the cellular cytotoxicity of fluorouracil by increasing TS inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Fluorouracil 138-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 165-167 8422641-1 1993 BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Various factors, including thymidylate synthase, thymidine kinase, 5-fluorouracil phosphorylation and degradation pathways, folate concentrations, and the stability of ternary complex, which influence thymidylate synthase inhibition rate of fluoropyrimidines, were studied in 87 human adenocarcinoma tissues. Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 225-245 8474431-0 1993 Regulation of thymidylate synthase in human colon cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil and interferon-gamma. Fluorouracil 76-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 8474431-1 1993 The effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the regulation of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression were investigated in the human colon cancer H630 cell line. Fluorouracil 15-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 8474431-1 1993 The effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the regulation of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression were investigated in the human colon cancer H630 cell line. Fluorouracil 15-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-113 8474431-1 1993 The effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the regulation of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression were investigated in the human colon cancer H630 cell line. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 8474431-1 1993 The effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the regulation of thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression were investigated in the human colon cancer H630 cell line. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-113 8474431-4 1993 A 24-hr exposure to 1 microM 5-FU resulted in a 4.5-fold increase in the level of TS protein, whereas in 5-FU/IFN-gamma-treated cells TS protein was increased by only 1.8-fold, compared with control cells. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-84 8474431-8 1993 Pulse-chase studies revealed that the half-lives of TS protein in control and 5-FU-treated cells were equivalent. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 8474431-9 1993 These findings demonstrate that the increase in TS protein after 5-FU exposure and the subsequent inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on TS protein expression are both regulated at the post-transcriptional level. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-50 21573550-1 1993 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an essential enzyme for DNA biosynthesis that is an important target of fluoropyrimidine anti-cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is frequently used against human colon adenocarcinomas. Fluorouracil 144-158 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 21573550-1 1993 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an essential enzyme for DNA biosynthesis that is an important target of fluoropyrimidine anti-cancer drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is frequently used against human colon adenocarcinomas. Fluorouracil 160-164 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 8452386-3 1993 And in normal FdUMP, an active metabolite of 5-FU, binds tightly to thymidylate synthase in the presence of cofactor, 5, 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 45-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-88 8452386-4 1993 This interaction leads to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU by prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 1643628-0 1992 Immunological quantitation of thymidylate synthase using the monoclonal antibody TS 106 in 5-fluorouracil-sensitive and -resistant human cancer cell lines. Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-50 8304192-0 1993 Potentiation of 5-fluorouracil induced inhibition of thymidylate synthase in human colon tumors by leucovorin is dose dependent. Fluorouracil 16-30 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-73 1451052-0 1992 Schedule-dependent inhibition of thymidylate synthase by 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 1451052-2 1992 METHODS: A randomized study was conducted to investigate schedule-dependent thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU in 16 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 1451052-2 1992 METHODS: A randomized study was conducted to investigate schedule-dependent thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition by 5-FU in 16 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection. Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 98-100 1457523-3 1992 Advances in analytical methodology should facilitate quantitation of thymidylate synthase content in tumor tissue prior to and following fluorouracil-based therapy. Fluorouracil 137-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-89 8178713-0 1993 Regulation of thymidylate synthase in human colon cancer cells treated with 5-fluorouracil and interferon-gamma. Fluorouracil 76-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 8178733-0 1993 Comparison of continuous infusions and bolus injections of 5-fluorouracil with or without leucovorin: implications for inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 59-73 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-153 8500227-2 1993 Leucovorin is metabolized to methylene tetrahydrofolate, which potentiates the antitumor actions of 5-FU by forming a ternary complex of thymidylate synthase, fluorodeoxyuridine and methylene tetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 100-104 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 1519926-7 1992 Comparing the 5-FU levels and TS activity according to the histological effects (i.e.: "grade-0" vs "grade-1"), the 5-FU levels in the tumors achieved grade-1 were significantly higher than in the tumors showed "grade 0" (p less than 0.01), and TSIR in the former were relatively greater than in the latter (p = 0.053). Fluorouracil 116-120 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-32 1643628-0 1992 Immunological quantitation of thymidylate synthase using the monoclonal antibody TS 106 in 5-fluorouracil-sensitive and -resistant human cancer cell lines. Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-83 1643628-3 1992 Densitometric quantitation of TS 106-labeled Western immunoblot analysis of cell lysates from two 5-FU-resistant colon carcinoma cell lines, NCI H630R1 and NCI H630R10, revealed 12.8- and 16-fold increases in TS, respectively, compared to the parent 5-FU-sensitive NCI H630 colon cell line. Fluorouracil 250-254 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 30-32 1643628-11 1992 This revealed a 26-fold increase in TS in the 5-FU-resistant NCI H630R10 line compared to the parent NCI H630 line and a 3.5-fold increase in TS compared to the 5-FU-resistant MCF-Ad10 breast cell line. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 1643628-12 1992 The 5-FU-resistant MCF-Ad10 breast cell line, in turn, displayed a 7.7-fold increase in TS, compared to the 5-FU-sensitive NCI H630 cell lines. Fluorouracil 4-8 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 1634917-1 1992 PURPOSE: The use of leucovorin (LV) to modulate fluorouracil (FU)-mediated inhibition of thymidylate synthase has been shown both in vitro and in vivo to improve the antitumor activity of this drug. Fluorouracil 48-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 1626951-2 1992 FdUMP which is an active metabolite of 5-FU binds tightly to thymidylate synthase in the presence of the cofactor 5, 10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-81 1626951-3 1992 This interaction leads to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU by prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 1557655-0 1992 Time course of inhibition of thymidylate synthase in patients treated with fluorouracil and leucovorin. Fluorouracil 75-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 1641659-8 1992 High levels of deoxyuridine monophosphate that have been associated with resistance to 5-fluorouracil can be suppressed by hydroxyurea, leading to greater inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 87-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 169-189 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 51-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 51-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 1727369-10 1992 Those tumors with the lowest thymidylate synthase expression had the best response to both the 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil-cisplatin combinations. Fluorouracil 95-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 192-196 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 18-38 1557655-1 1992 The inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-monophosphate (FdUMP) is considered to be one of the main mechanisms of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 192-196 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-42 1557655-13 1992 At least eight patients with an undetectable TS-free showed response to subsequent intraarterial treatment with 5-FU. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-47 1557655-17 1992 The large variation in TS may be related to the observed variation in clinical response to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 23-25 1557656-7 1992 Interferon gamma interacts with 5-FU in H630 colon cancer cells at the level of thymidylate synthase and enhances cytotoxicity of 5-FU by eliminating the 5-FU-induced acute overexpression of the target enzyme. Fluorouracil 32-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 1596583-6 1992 In patients treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, mRNA levels for TS increased approximately an order of magnitude in tumor samples 4 and 24 hr after drug treatment, whereas TS levels decreased. Fluorouracil 42-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-91 1596583-6 1992 In patients treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, mRNA levels for TS increased approximately an order of magnitude in tumor samples 4 and 24 hr after drug treatment, whereas TS levels decreased. Fluorouracil 42-56 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 197-199 1937958-7 1991 Resistance to FUra is acquired through gene amplification as substantiated by a 4- to 6-fold increase of thymidylate synthase gene copies in cells stably adapted to the drug. Fluorouracil 14-18 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 105-125 1720706-10 1991 Quantitation of TS by Western blot analysis and biochemical FdUMP binding assay in 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon carcinoma cell lines (NCI H630R10, NCI H630R1) and a sensitive colon carcinoma cell line (NCI H630) revealed a 36- and 6-fold increase in TS in the resistant cell line as measured by the biochemical assay compared to a 39- and 10.6-fold increase as measured by densitometric analysis of the Western blot. Fluorouracil 83-97 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-18 1992915-2 1991 FdUMP, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), is known to have an inhibitory activity of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-108 1925442-4 1991 Leucovorin (LV) prolongs the inhibition of the key enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, by stabilizing the ternary complex with activated 5-FU, thus leading to "thymidine-less" death. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 59-81 1992915-2 1991 FdUMP, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), is known to have an inhibitory activity of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 1992915-2 1991 FdUMP, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), is known to have an inhibitory activity of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-108 1992915-2 1991 FdUMP, a metabolite of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU), is known to have an inhibitory activity of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 38-42 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 110-112 2092282-0 1990 [Modulation of the biochemical effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by leucovorin measured by thymidylate synthase activity and nucleoside incorporation into DNA]. Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 1789191-0 1991 Effect of leucovorin on 5-fluorouracil induced inhibition of thymidylate synthase in patients with colon cancer. Fluorouracil 24-38 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-81 1827310-1 1991 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite FdUMP is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 47-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 1827310-1 1991 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite FdUMP is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 1827310-1 1991 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolite FdUMP is considered to be the main mechanism of action of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 138-142 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 1832538-4 1991 Following 5-fluorouracil activation to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphates, its binding to thymidylate synthase is stabilized by the active cofactor, 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate and its polyglutamate forms. Fluorouracil 10-24 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 91-111 2092282-0 1990 [Modulation of the biochemical effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by leucovorin measured by thymidylate synthase activity and nucleoside incorporation into DNA]. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 2092282-7 1990 Neither with sequential nor with simultaneous application of both substances was it possible to demonstrate a significantly increased substances was it possible to demonstrate a significantly increased inhibition of TS as compared with 5-FU alone. Fluorouracil 236-240 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-218 2116122-4 1990 Investigation of the relationship between the tumor growth inhibition rate determined by subrenal capsule assay and the above parameters (TS inhibition, serum and tissue 5-Fu levels) showed that TS inhibition and tumor growth inhibition were well correlated (r = 0.73). Fluorouracil 170-174 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 195-197 2354443-0 1990 Influence of dose of [6RS]leucovorin on reduced folate pools and 5-fluorouracil-mediated thymidylate synthase inhibition in human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 89-109 1697502-8 1990 Moreover, we found that free thymidylate synthase in the 5-FU/IFN-gamma-treated cells was significantly decreased, as compared to the cells treated with 5-FU alone. Fluorouracil 57-61 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 1697502-8 1990 Moreover, we found that free thymidylate synthase in the 5-FU/IFN-gamma-treated cells was significantly decreased, as compared to the cells treated with 5-FU alone. Fluorouracil 153-157 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-49 22233820-2 2011 5-FU blocks thymidylate synthase (TS) which cross-links p53 mRNA, inhibiting its synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 2344373-9 1990 Also in these cells, at concentrations of FUra less than 100 microM, FUra cytotoxicity appeared to be mediated via the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 69-73 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 133-153 33805673-8 2021 Interestingly, HCT116RF10 cells were regulated by the function of thymidylate synthase (TS), a 5-FU active metabolite 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) inhibiting enzyme. Fluorouracil 95-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 33805673-8 2021 Interestingly, HCT116RF10 cells were regulated by the function of thymidylate synthase (TS), a 5-FU active metabolite 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) inhibiting enzyme. Fluorouracil 95-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-90 33033767-2 2020 Our study aims to design a number of analogues of 5-FU and evaluate their effectiveness against thymidylate synthase (TS) in silico compared to parent 5-FU with an effort to obtain better hit(s). Fluorouracil 50-54 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-116 25721610-0 2015 Thymidylate synthase expression in circulating tumor cells: a new tool to predict 5-fluorouracil resistance in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Fluorouracil 82-96 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25721610-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Fluorouracil 55-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25721610-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Fluorouracil 55-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 25721610-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 25721610-1 2015 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) is an important enzyme for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) metabolism in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 25721610-14 2015 Our results searching for TYMS staining in CTCs, primary tumors and metastases suggest that the analysis of TYMS can be useful tool as a 5-FU resistance predictor biomarker if analyzed in CTCs from mCRC patients. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-30 25721610-14 2015 Our results searching for TYMS staining in CTCs, primary tumors and metastases suggest that the analysis of TYMS can be useful tool as a 5-FU resistance predictor biomarker if analyzed in CTCs from mCRC patients. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-112 33806077-0 2021 Coptidis Rhizoma Extract Reverses 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in HCT116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via Modulation of Thymidylate Synthase. Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 33806077-4 2021 A well-known thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is frequently prescribed to CRC patients; however, drug resistance is a critical limitation of its clinical application. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 33806077-4 2021 A well-known thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is frequently prescribed to CRC patients; however, drug resistance is a critical limitation of its clinical application. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 33806077-4 2021 A well-known thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is frequently prescribed to CRC patients; however, drug resistance is a critical limitation of its clinical application. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 33806077-4 2021 A well-known thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is frequently prescribed to CRC patients; however, drug resistance is a critical limitation of its clinical application. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-37 33806077-8 2021 In addition, the combination of CRE and 5-FU notably suppressed the activity of TS, which was overexpressed in HCT116/R cells, as compared to HCT116/WT cells. Fluorouracil 40-44 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-82 33805673-10 2021 This finding indicates that 5-FU-resistant cells exhibited increased TS expression, and the TS enzyme is used to trap FdUMP, resulting in resistance to 5-FU and its analogs. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 69-71 33805673-10 2021 This finding indicates that 5-FU-resistant cells exhibited increased TS expression, and the TS enzyme is used to trap FdUMP, resulting in resistance to 5-FU and its analogs. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 22233820-2 2011 5-FU blocks thymidylate synthase (TS) which cross-links p53 mRNA, inhibiting its synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 34-36 34785778-7 2022 Specifically, NAA40 stimulates transcription of the one-carbon metabolic gene thymidylate synthase (TYMS), whose product is targeted by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and accordingly in primary CRC tumours NAA40 expression associates with TYMS levels and poorer 5-FU response. Fluorouracil 136-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 34785778-7 2022 Specifically, NAA40 stimulates transcription of the one-carbon metabolic gene thymidylate synthase (TYMS), whose product is targeted by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and accordingly in primary CRC tumours NAA40 expression associates with TYMS levels and poorer 5-FU response. Fluorouracil 136-150 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-104 34845374-0 2022 Thymidylate synthase O-GlcNAcylation: a molecular mechanism of 5-FU sensitization in colorectal cancer. Fluorouracil 63-67 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 34785778-7 2022 Specifically, NAA40 stimulates transcription of the one-carbon metabolic gene thymidylate synthase (TYMS), whose product is targeted by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and accordingly in primary CRC tumours NAA40 expression associates with TYMS levels and poorer 5-FU response. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 34845374-3 2022 Standard treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mainly targets Thymidylate Synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 48-62 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 34785778-7 2022 Specifically, NAA40 stimulates transcription of the one-carbon metabolic gene thymidylate synthase (TYMS), whose product is targeted by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and accordingly in primary CRC tumours NAA40 expression associates with TYMS levels and poorer 5-FU response. Fluorouracil 152-156 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-104 34845374-3 2022 Standard treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mainly targets Thymidylate Synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 64-68 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 86-106 34688691-0 2021 FOXM1 inhibitor, Siomycin A, synergizes and restores 5-FU cytotoxicity in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines via targeting thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 53-57 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 124-144 34688691-1 2021 AIMS: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fluorouracil 6-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 34688691-1 2021 AIMS: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fluorouracil 6-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 34688691-1 2021 AIMS: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fluorouracil 22-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 34688691-1 2021 AIMS: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor, has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fluorouracil 22-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 53-55 34688691-3 2021 Upregulation of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and TS were shown to play a significant role in 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-46 34688691-12 2021 FOXM1 and TS expression were increased in the 5-FU treated cells but were suppressed in the SioA treated cells. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 10-12 34901834-9 2021 Factors other than DPYD polymorphisms (e.g., miR-27a, TYMS, ENOSF1, p53) also affect 5-FU toxicity. Fluorouracil 85-89 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-58 34528330-3 2021 A significant positive correlation was observed between AEG-1, TS, ERCC1, EGFR, and VEGF gene expression levels in CRC cell lines, and low AEG-1 and TS expression were highly sensitive to 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 188-202 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 63-65 34528330-3 2021 A significant positive correlation was observed between AEG-1, TS, ERCC1, EGFR, and VEGF gene expression levels in CRC cell lines, and low AEG-1 and TS expression were highly sensitive to 5-fluorouracil treatment. Fluorouracil 188-202 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 149-151 35579160-2 2022 5-FU acts mainly by inhibiting thymidylate synthase, thereby interfering with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication or by 5-FU incorporating into DNA, causing damage to the sequence of nucleotides. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-51 34640443-3 2021 5-fluorouracil and its prodrugs affect neoplastic cells in multiple ways by impairing their proliferation, principally through the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 34571731-5 2021 Certain resistance mechanisms that are 5-FU-specific have also been ascertained to include the upregulation of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and the downregulation of thymidine phosphorylase. Fluorouracil 39-43 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 111-131 34440086-2 2021 As an antimetabolite, 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase to disrupt the synthesis and repair of DNA and RNA. Fluorouracil 22-26 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 34100299-0 2021 Gender-dependent association of TYMS-TSER polymorphism with 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine based chemotherapy toxicity. Fluorouracil 60-74 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-36 34100299-1 2021 Aim: TYMS gene encodes for TS enzyme involved in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine (CAP) metabolism. Fluorouracil 49-63 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-9 34100299-1 2021 Aim: TYMS gene encodes for TS enzyme involved in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and capecitabine (CAP) metabolism. Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 5-9 34100299-2 2021 This study assessed the association of TYMS-TSER and 3RG>C polymorphisms with 5-FU/CAP adverse event (AE) incidence. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-43 34100299-3 2021 Materials & methods: TYMS-TSER and 3RG>C polymorphisms were analyzed by use of PCR/PCR-RFLP in 313 5-FU/CAP-treated cancer patients. Fluorouracil 99-103 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 21-25 34100299-4 2021 Results: Female TYMS-TSER 2R carriers were at increased risk for 5-FU/CAP AEs (odds ratio: 2.195; p = 0.032). Fluorouracil 65-69 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 16-20 34205990-3 2021 However, the efficacy of 5-FU is limited by drug resistance, and bone marrow toxicity through high-level expression of thymidylate synthase, justifying the need for improvement of the therapeutic index. Fluorouracil 25-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 119-139 35427566-5 2022 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS), the major target of chemotherapeutic drugs 5-FU or other fluoropyrimidines, which catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP and provides the sole de novo source of thymidylate for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 72-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 35427566-5 2022 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS), the major target of chemotherapeutic drugs 5-FU or other fluoropyrimidines, which catalyzes the conversion of dUMP to dTMP and provides the sole de novo source of thymidylate for DNA synthesis. Fluorouracil 72-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 34562873-0 2021 Apigenin enhances apoptosis induction by 5-fluorouracil through regulation of thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer cells. Fluorouracil 41-55 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 78-98 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 49-53 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-70 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-24 34562873-2 2021 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a target protein of 5-FU, and elevated TS lowers the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC cells. Fluorouracil 82-86 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 68-70 34562873-5 2021 In addition, apigenin inhibited the upregulation of TS induced by 5-FU. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-54 34562873-10 2021 Therefore, apigenin may improve the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU against CRC by suppressing TS, but apoptosis induction is mainly dependent on functional P53. Fluorouracil 60-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 92-94 34694685-2 2022 Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is synthesized by the combined action of three enzymes: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS), with the latter two being targets of widely used chemotherapeutics such as antifolates and 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 287-301 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-187 34694685-2 2022 Deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is synthesized by the combined action of three enzymes: serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TYMS), with the latter two being targets of widely used chemotherapeutics such as antifolates and 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 287-301 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 189-193 34276810-2 2021 Genetic mutations in two major metabolizing enzymes for 5-FU; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD and thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), have been associated with clinical response and toxicity. Fluorouracil 56-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-126 34276810-2 2021 Genetic mutations in two major metabolizing enzymes for 5-FU; dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD and thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), have been associated with clinical response and toxicity. Fluorouracil 56-60 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-132 34276810-14 2021 Conclusions: Molecular testing for DPYD and TYMS genes can allow us to identify patients who are most likely to respond or face severe toxicity to 5-FU in a potentially curable cancer. Fluorouracil 147-151 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-48 34170813-7 2022 TQ was found to be more effective in increasing and BAX/BCL-2 ratio), while 5-FU was more effective in inhibiting thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 76-80 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 114-134 35538714-3 2022 Repurposing FDA drugs against human thymidylate synthase revealed a number of FDA drugs that have a potential to be further developed for the treatment of various cancers for which 5-fluorouracil and analogs have been used for chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 181-195 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 35098910-5 2022 Mechanistically, 5-FU exerts its effect through incorporating the active metabolites into nucleic acids directly, or inhibiting thymidylate synthase to disrupt the function of DNA and RNA, leading to profound effects on cellular metabolism and viability. Fluorouracil 17-21 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 35224365-0 2022 Trapping of 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine Monophosphate by Thymidylate Synthase Confers Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 93-107 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-70 35224365-1 2022 The major metabolite of the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 45-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 35224365-1 2022 The major metabolite of the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 45-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 35224365-1 2022 The major metabolite of the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 145-165 35224365-1 2022 The major metabolite of the anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP), which is a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 167-169 35224365-2 2022 Recently, we hypothesized that 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have increased levels of TS protein relative to 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells and use a fraction of their TS to trap FdUMP, which results in resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 31-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-103 35224365-2 2022 Recently, we hypothesized that 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have increased levels of TS protein relative to 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells and use a fraction of their TS to trap FdUMP, which results in resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 31-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 177-179 35224365-2 2022 Recently, we hypothesized that 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells have increased levels of TS protein relative to 5-FU-sensitive CRC cells and use a fraction of their TS to trap FdUMP, which results in resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 226-230 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 177-179 35224365-3 2022 In this study, we analyzed the difference between the regulation of the balance of the free, active form of TS and the inactive FdUMP-TS form in 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells and parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 108-110 35224365-3 2022 In this study, we analyzed the difference between the regulation of the balance of the free, active form of TS and the inactive FdUMP-TS form in 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells and parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 134-136 35224365-4 2022 Silencing of TYMS, the gene that encodes TS, resulted in greater enhancement of the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells than in the parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 105-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-17 35224365-4 2022 Silencing of TYMS, the gene that encodes TS, resulted in greater enhancement of the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells than in the parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 105-109 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 35224365-4 2022 Silencing of TYMS, the gene that encodes TS, resulted in greater enhancement of the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells than in the parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-17 35224365-4 2022 Silencing of TYMS, the gene that encodes TS, resulted in greater enhancement of the anticancer effect of 5-FU in the 5-FU-resistant HCT116RF10 cells than in the parental HCT116 cells. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 41-43 35224365-6 2022 Our observations suggest that the regulation of the balance between the storage of the active TS form and the accumulation of FdUMP-TS is responsible for direct resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-96 35224365-6 2022 Our observations suggest that the regulation of the balance between the storage of the active TS form and the accumulation of FdUMP-TS is responsible for direct resistance to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 175-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 132-134 35035999-0 2022 Evaluating serum level of thymidylate synthase in post burn keloid patients before and after intralesional injection of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 120-134 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 26-46 35093082-13 2022 TYMS knockdown reversed the 5-FU resistance caused by FOXM1 overexpression and re-sensitized HCC cells to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 35093082-13 2022 TYMS knockdown reversed the 5-FU resistance caused by FOXM1 overexpression and re-sensitized HCC cells to 5-FU treatment. Fluorouracil 106-110 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 35035999-3 2022 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue acting as an anti-metabolic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and interferes with ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 35035999-3 2022 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue acting as an anti-metabolic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase and interferes with ribo-nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 107-127 35035999-4 2022 Objectives: we aimed to evaluate the level of thymidylate synthase in post burn keloid patients before and after intralesional injection of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 140-154 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 46-66 35035999-6 2022 Serum TS was estimated using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits before and after treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 131-145 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 6-8 35035999-7 2022 Results: There was a statistically significant difference in TS levels before and after 5-FU treatment (p < 0.05). Fluorouracil 88-92 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-63 2495166-0 1989 5-Fluorouracil and UFT-sensitive gastric carcinoma has a high level of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-91 2813219-5 1989 The addition of leucovorin increases fluorouracil"s ability to inhibit thymidylate synthase and thus colon cancer cell replication. Fluorouracil 37-49 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 71-91 2495166-1 1989 The authors examined the relationship between the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. Fluorouracil 108-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-83 2783128-1 1989 In order to better understand the synergistic antiproliferative effects of interferon in combination with fluorouracil (FUra), we studied effects of alpha 2-interferon upon FUra induced inhibition of thymidylate synthase of HL-60 cells. Fluorouracil 173-177 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 200-220 2783128-5 1989 These results suggest that interferon can sensitize cells to FUra inhibition of thymidylate synthase by enhancing accumulation of FdUMP. Fluorouracil 61-65 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 80-100 2495166-1 1989 The authors examined the relationship between the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. Fluorouracil 108-122 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 59-79 2495166-1 1989 The authors examined the relationship between the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 59-79 2495166-1 1989 The authors examined the relationship between the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) and the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and UFT, a combined oral preparation of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (tegafur) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1:4. Fluorouracil 124-128 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 81-83 2837988-0 1988 [The role of thymidylate synthetase in sequential dose of MTX and 5-FU in the advanced scirrhous type gastric cancer]. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-35 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 172-174 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 172-174 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 172-174 2495166-8 1989 A correlation was noted between the TS level and decrease in size of the tumor exposed to 5-FU (r = -0.671) or UFT (r = -0.758): gastric cancer tissue with higher level of TS is more sensitive to 5-FU and UFT than is that with a lower TS level. Fluorouracil 196-200 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 172-174 2495166-9 1989 These findings show that the sensitivity to 5-FU and UFT of gastric cancer tissue is related to the TS level and that UFT shows promise for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. Fluorouracil 44-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-102 2500406-1 1989 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the enzyme target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that recent laboratory and clinical studies with folinic acid (calcium leucovorin) suggest may mediate important antitumor cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 2500406-1 1989 Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the enzyme target of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) that recent laboratory and clinical studies with folinic acid (calcium leucovorin) suggest may mediate important antitumor cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 66-70 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 3167844-0 1988 Mechanisms of innate resistance to thymidylate synthase inhibition after 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 73-87 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-55 2624224-0 1989 In vitro and in vivo inhibition of thymidylate synthase of human colon cancer by 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 81-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 35-55 33636290-10 2021 As a main target of 5-FU, overexpressed TYMS promoted the resistance of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 20-24 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-44 3593415-0 1987 Determination of thymidylate synthase activity in colon tumor tissues after treatment with 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 91-105 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 17-37 3284210-4 1988 Recent laboratory studies have indicated that leucovorin can enhance the cytotoxicity of fluorouracil in vitro, evidently by enhancing inhibition of the key enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, by the fluorouracil metabolite, FdUMP (fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate; a stable inactive FdUMP-reduced folate-thymidylate synthetase complex is formed). Fluorouracil 89-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 165-187 3284210-4 1988 Recent laboratory studies have indicated that leucovorin can enhance the cytotoxicity of fluorouracil in vitro, evidently by enhancing inhibition of the key enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, by the fluorouracil metabolite, FdUMP (fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate; a stable inactive FdUMP-reduced folate-thymidylate synthetase complex is formed). Fluorouracil 89-101 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 301-323 3284210-4 1988 Recent laboratory studies have indicated that leucovorin can enhance the cytotoxicity of fluorouracil in vitro, evidently by enhancing inhibition of the key enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, by the fluorouracil metabolite, FdUMP (fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate; a stable inactive FdUMP-reduced folate-thymidylate synthetase complex is formed). Fluorouracil 196-208 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 165-187 3815393-1 1987 We have identified amplification of the thymidylate synthase gene in a colonic tumor that had developed resistance to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 118-132 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 3815393-3 1987 Since thymidylate synthase is a target enzyme for 5-fluorouracil, it is likely that the observed gene amplification is responsible for the resistance. Fluorouracil 50-64 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 6-26 3008760-6 1986 Subsequent to administration of FUra, thymidylate synthase activity was reduced greater than 75% in all tumors, but it recovered rapidly in tumors resistant to FUra. Fluorouracil 32-36 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 6744325-0 1984 Thymidylate synthetase inhibition in malignant tumors and normal liver of patients given intravenous 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 101-115 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-22 6426401-1 1984 The relationship between the antitumor activity and the inhibition of thymidylate synthase after oral administration of 5-FU, FT-207 or UFT was examined. Fluorouracil 120-124 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-90 6426401-3 1984 It was found that the inhibition of thymidylate synthase in sarcoma-180 tumor tissue after single oral administration of 5-FU (20 mg/kg), FT-207 (30 or 120 mg/kg) or UFT (30 mg/kg) were about 45%, 20%, 50% or 65%, respectively, but the activities of other enzymes involved in DNA synthesis were not almost inhibited. Fluorouracil 121-125 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 6426401-7 1984 These results suggest that the inhibition of thymidylate synthase by FdUMP converted from 5-FU, FT-207 or UFT plays a major role in their antitumor actions. Fluorouracil 90-94 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 45-65 34035223-0 2021 Retraction Note to: FOXM1 modulates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma through thymidylate synthase (TYMS): implications of FOXM1-TYMS axis uncoupling in 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 168-172 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-119 33636290-10 2021 As a main target of 5-FU, overexpressed TYMS promoted the resistance of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 72-76 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 40-44 33140501-2 2021 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer nucleoside analog that both inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and causes DNA damage via the misincorporation of FdUTP and dUTP into DNA under the conditions of dTTP depletion. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 33593942-1 2021 CF10 is a 2nd generation polymeric fluoropyrimidine (FP) that targets both thymidylate synthase (TS), the target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1), the target of irinotecan, two drugs that are key components of FOLFIRNOX, a standard of care regimen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-95 33593942-1 2021 CF10 is a 2nd generation polymeric fluoropyrimidine (FP) that targets both thymidylate synthase (TS), the target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1), the target of irinotecan, two drugs that are key components of FOLFIRNOX, a standard of care regimen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fluorouracil 116-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-99 33593942-1 2021 CF10 is a 2nd generation polymeric fluoropyrimidine (FP) that targets both thymidylate synthase (TS), the target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1), the target of irinotecan, two drugs that are key components of FOLFIRNOX, a standard of care regimen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 75-95 33593942-1 2021 CF10 is a 2nd generation polymeric fluoropyrimidine (FP) that targets both thymidylate synthase (TS), the target of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1), the target of irinotecan, two drugs that are key components of FOLFIRNOX, a standard of care regimen for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 97-99 33593942-3 2021 The increased potency of CF10 relative to 5-FU correlated with enhanced TS inhibition and strong Top1 cleavage complex formation. Fluorouracil 42-46 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-74 33731881-7 2021 The median expression of 5-FU-related genes TYMS, TYMP, and DYPD was significantly higher in mucinous CRC compared to non-mucinous CRC (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). Fluorouracil 25-29 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 44-48 33667525-4 2021 In contrast, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with DNA biosynthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase(TS), which partly explains the absence of cross-resistance between TAS-102 and 5-FU. Fluorouracil 13-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-102 33667525-4 2021 In contrast, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) interferes with DNA biosynthesis by inhibiting thymidylate synthase(TS), which partly explains the absence of cross-resistance between TAS-102 and 5-FU. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 82-102 33613849-3 2021 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) seems to act differently depending on administration method: elastomer-mediated continuous infusion better inhibits Thymidylate Synthase (TS), an enzyme playing a pivotal role in DNA synthetic pathway. Fluorouracil 0-14 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 33613849-3 2021 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) seems to act differently depending on administration method: elastomer-mediated continuous infusion better inhibits Thymidylate Synthase (TS), an enzyme playing a pivotal role in DNA synthetic pathway. Fluorouracil 16-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-157 33051247-12 2020 In particular, let-7c enhances 5-FU exposure (via suppressing ABCC5/MRP5 expression) and co-targets thymidylate synthase with 5-FU (let-7c reduces protein expression while 5-FU irreversibly inactivates enzyme). Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 34035223-0 2021 Retraction Note to: FOXM1 modulates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma through thymidylate synthase (TYMS): implications of FOXM1-TYMS axis uncoupling in 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 36-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 93-113 34035223-0 2021 Retraction Note to: FOXM1 modulates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in cholangiocarcinoma through thymidylate synthase (TYMS): implications of FOXM1-TYMS axis uncoupling in 5-FU resistance. Fluorouracil 36-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-119 33140501-2 2021 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer nucleoside analog that both inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and causes DNA damage via the misincorporation of FdUTP and dUTP into DNA under the conditions of dTTP depletion. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 76-96 33285053-2 2021 As the target enzyme for capecitabine, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a key role for 5-fluorouracil metabolism and has been associated with some side effects caused by capecitabine. Fluorouracil 88-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 39-59 33285053-2 2021 As the target enzyme for capecitabine, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) plays a key role for 5-fluorouracil metabolism and has been associated with some side effects caused by capecitabine. Fluorouracil 88-102 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 61-65 33051247-12 2020 In particular, let-7c enhances 5-FU exposure (via suppressing ABCC5/MRP5 expression) and co-targets thymidylate synthase with 5-FU (let-7c reduces protein expression while 5-FU irreversibly inactivates enzyme). Fluorouracil 126-130 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 33256074-7 2020 Inhibition of TS alone or double inhibition of TS and TK1 using the siRNA technique increased susceptibility to 5-FU in IFIT2-knockdown cells. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-16 33256074-7 2020 Inhibition of TS alone or double inhibition of TS and TK1 using the siRNA technique increased susceptibility to 5-FU in IFIT2-knockdown cells. Fluorouracil 112-116 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 47-49 33086767-1 2020 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary mode of action for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 74-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 32118594-2 2020 In addition, we aim to assess the correlation between TS and ERCC-1 expression and the response of these cases to oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy (FOLFOX). Fluorouracil 130-144 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 54-56 32907836-6 2020 UPP1 facilitated the conversion of 5-FU to its active compound, thereby enhancing the inhibition of thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 35-39 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 33086767-1 2020 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary mode of action for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 74-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 33086767-1 2020 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary mode of action for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 90-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 14-34 33086767-1 2020 Inhibition of thymidylate synthase (TS) is the primary mode of action for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 90-93 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-38 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 239-243 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 33005290-4 2020 Different mechanisms including microsatellite instability, increased expression level of key enzyme thymidylate synthase and its polymorphism, increased level of 5-FU-activating enzymes and mutation of TP53 are proposed as the main determinants of resistance to 5-FU in CRC cells. Fluorouracil 262-266 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 100-120 32675286-2 2020 5-FU is thought to inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which plays a role in nucleotide synthesis and has been found to induce single- and double-strand DNA breaks. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 38-58 32838518-6 2020 Western blot analysis reveals the formation of ternary complex of thymidylate synthase, which shows the intracellular conversion of tegafur into 5-FU after its release from PFL. Fluorouracil 145-149 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 66-86 33117504-0 2020 Correlation between polymorphism of TYMS gene and toxicity response to treatment with 5-fluoruracil and capecitabine. Fluorouracil 86-99 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-40 32474153-6 2020 Increases in thymidylate synthase and active beta-catenin were also observed in the 5-FU-R-cells. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 13-33 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 81-85 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 239-243 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 239-243 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 48-68 32751071-6 2020 Beyond the well-established role for inhibiting thymidylate synthase (TS) by the 5-FU metabolite 5-fluoro-2"-deoxyuridine-5"-O-monophosphate (FdUMP), recent studies have implicated new roles for RNA modifying enzymes that are inhibited by 5-FU substitution including tRNA methyltransferase 2 homolog A (TRMT2A) and pseudouridylate synthase in 5-FU cytotoxicity. Fluorouracil 239-243 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 70-72 28942723-3 2019 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase play a major role in fluorouracil and capecitabine activity and toxicity. Fluorouracil 78-90 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 36-56 32689938-7 2020 Our results further showed that melatonin can downregulate the expression levels of 5-FU resistance-related genes, such as thymidylate synthase in GC and ATR, CHEK1, BAX and MYC in CRC. Fluorouracil 84-88 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 123-143 32708710-2 2020 TYMS inhibitors (e.g., 5-Fluorouracil) can lead to drug resistance through an autoregulatory mechanism of TYMS that causes its overexpression. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 32708710-2 2020 TYMS inhibitors (e.g., 5-Fluorouracil) can lead to drug resistance through an autoregulatory mechanism of TYMS that causes its overexpression. Fluorouracil 23-37 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 106-110 32382808-2 2020 The biological activity of the 5-FU degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), are subject to circadian rhythmicity in healthy volunteers. Fluorouracil 31-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 115-135 32382808-2 2020 The biological activity of the 5-FU degrading enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and the target enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), are subject to circadian rhythmicity in healthy volunteers. Fluorouracil 31-35 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 137-139 30590435-0 2019 Melatonin-mediated downregulation of thymidylate synthase as a novel mechanism for overcoming 5-fluorouracil associated chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells. Fluorouracil 94-108 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 37-57 30590435-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin facilitates overcoming 5-FU resistance through downregulation of TYMS. Fluorouracil 46-50 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 88-92 30590435-13 2019 Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic option on its own, or in conjunction with 5-FU, in the treatment of patients with advanced or chemoresistant CRC.Melatonin inhibits the growth of 5-FU resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through upregulation of miR-215-5p and a concomitant downregulation of TYMS. Fluorouracil 193-197 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 309-313 30944635-3 2019 Tegafur-uracil is an oral form of 5-fluorouracil whose efficacy is influenced by the activities of enzymes associated with its metabolism, such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotatephosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 230-250 30944635-3 2019 Tegafur-uracil is an oral form of 5-fluorouracil whose efficacy is influenced by the activities of enzymes associated with its metabolism, such as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotatephosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and thymidylate synthase (TS). Fluorouracil 34-48 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 252-254 33024525-0 2020 Relationship between the Expression of the Thymidylate Synthase and the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Combinational Chemotherapy Regimen Including Fluorouracil, Docetaxel and Cisplatin. Fluorouracil 167-179 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 43-63 33024525-1 2020 Background: Thymidylate synthase is one of the target enzymes of 5-fluorouracil. Fluorouracil 65-79 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 12-32 32585842-2 2020 Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between development of Pt-drug resistance and increased thymidylate synthase (hTS) expression, and the consequent cross-resistance to the hTS inhibitors 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (RTX). Fluorouracil 225-239 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 32585842-2 2020 Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong association between development of Pt-drug resistance and increased thymidylate synthase (hTS) expression, and the consequent cross-resistance to the hTS inhibitors 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (RTX). Fluorouracil 241-245 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 128-148 32073706-0 2020 MicroRNA-375-3p Enhances Chemosensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil by Targeting Thymidylate Synthase in Colorectal Cancer. Fluorouracil 45-59 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 73-93 32073706-5 2020 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-375-3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR-375-3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 186-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 32073706-5 2020 Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) was demonstrated to be a direct target of miR-375-3p, and TYMS knockdown exerted similar effects as miR-375-3p overexpression on the CRC cellular response to 5-FU. Fluorouracil 186-190 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 22-26 32348733-1 2020 The major molecular mode of action of the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is generally considered to result from thymidylate synthase inhibition. Fluorouracil 57-71 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 32348733-1 2020 The major molecular mode of action of the cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is generally considered to result from thymidylate synthase inhibition. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 118-138 31754833-2 2020 High GGH expression affects 5-FU thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition and is a risk factor for various malignancies. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 33-53 31754833-2 2020 High GGH expression affects 5-FU thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition and is a risk factor for various malignancies. Fluorouracil 28-32 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 55-57 31542354-0 2019 Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide synthesis reverses acquired resistance to 5-FU through miR-215-5p-EREG/TYMS axis in colon cancer cells. Fluorouracil 73-77 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 102-106 31262877-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently, we demonstrated the ability of inhibitors of protein kinase 2 (casein kinase II; CK2) to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, a thymidylate synthase (TYMS)-directed drug for anticancer treatment. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 157-177 31262877-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: Recently, we demonstrated the ability of inhibitors of protein kinase 2 (casein kinase II; CK2) to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil, a thymidylate synthase (TYMS)-directed drug for anticancer treatment. Fluorouracil 139-153 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 179-183 31180555-11 2019 The present study demonstrated that kaempferol has a synergistic effect with 5-FU by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via suppression of TS or attenuation of p-Akt activation. Fluorouracil 77-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 184-186 30823845-0 2019 Thymidylate synthase gene polymorphism predicts disease free survival in stage II-III rectal adenocarcinoma patients receiving adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 136-140 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-20 30823845-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The objective is to investigate whether thymidylate synthase gene TS 5"-UTR polymorphism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with stage II-III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in Chinese population. Fluorouracil 251-265 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 30823845-1 2019 BACKGROUND: The objective is to investigate whether thymidylate synthase gene TS 5"-UTR polymorphism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with clinical outcomes of patients with stage II-III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in Chinese population. Fluorouracil 267-271 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 52-72 30923017-0 2019 Tacalcitol increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil by downregulating the thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 67-81 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 104-124 30923017-7 2019 5-FU significantly increased TYMS (gene encoding thymidylate synthase (TS)) and BIRC5 (gene encoding survivin) level in HT-29 cells with silenced VDR. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 29-33 30923017-7 2019 5-FU significantly increased TYMS (gene encoding thymidylate synthase (TS)) and BIRC5 (gene encoding survivin) level in HT-29 cells with silenced VDR. Fluorouracil 0-4 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 49-69 30651398-1 2019 LESSONS LEARNED: The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after long exposure to 5-FU.S-1 (containing a DPD inhibitor) combined with raltitrexed (a TS inhibitor) showed a moderate effect, which needs further study as a third- or later-line therapy in mCRC. Fluorouracil 147-161 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 30651398-1 2019 LESSONS LEARNED: The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after long exposure to 5-FU.S-1 (containing a DPD inhibitor) combined with raltitrexed (a TS inhibitor) showed a moderate effect, which needs further study as a third- or later-line therapy in mCRC. Fluorouracil 163-167 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 30651398-1 2019 LESSONS LEARNED: The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after long exposure to 5-FU.S-1 (containing a DPD inhibitor) combined with raltitrexed (a TS inhibitor) showed a moderate effect, which needs further study as a third- or later-line therapy in mCRC. Fluorouracil 231-235 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 79-99 30651398-4 2019 The upregulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and/or thymidylate synthase (TS) are important mechanisms of resistance of 5-FU. Fluorouracil 133-137 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 65-85 30875351-4 2019 TYMS gene encodes for the human thymidylate synthase, and is considered a candid factor for toxicity and efficacy of 5-FU and capecitabine. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-4 30875351-4 2019 TYMS gene encodes for the human thymidylate synthase, and is considered a candid factor for toxicity and efficacy of 5-FU and capecitabine. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 32-52 30803213-0 2019 Study of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Background: The study aims to analyze Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase(DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Fluorouracil 92-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 9-29 30803213-0 2019 Study of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Background: The study aims to analyze Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase(DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Fluorouracil 92-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 31-33 30803213-0 2019 Study of Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Background: The study aims to analyze Thymidylate Synthase (TS) and Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase(DPD) Expressions on 5-Fluorouracil in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Fluorouracil 92-106 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 177-197 30803213-7 2019 TS levels are not only predictiveof 5-FU response, but also prognostic in clinical value of non-treated cancer patients. Fluorouracil 36-40 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 0-2 30728402-0 2019 FOXM1 modulates 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer through regulating TYMS expression. Fluorouracil 16-20 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 72-76 30728402-1 2019 Resistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Fluorouracil 14-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-114 30728402-1 2019 Resistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Fluorouracil 14-27 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-120 30728402-1 2019 Resistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-114 30728402-1 2019 Resistance to 5-Fluoruracil (5-FU) has been linked to elevated expression of the main target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS), which catalyses the de novo pathway for production of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Fluorouracil 29-33 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-120 30728402-5 2019 ChIP and global ChIP-seq data also confirms that FOXM1 can also potentially regulate other 5-FU targets, such as TYMS, thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) and thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP). Fluorouracil 91-95 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 113-117 30728402-10 2019 In summary, this research demonstrated that FOXM1 plays a pivotal role in 5-FU resistance at least partially through the regulation of TYMS. Fluorouracil 74-78 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 135-139 30535504-4 2019 In addition, U0126 increased the sensitivity of SW48 cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin by producing more gammaH2AX foci and decreasing the expression of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 and thymidylate synthase. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 216-236 30207288-0 2018 Early disease relapse in a patient with colorectal cancer who harbors genetic variants of DPYD, TYMS, MTHFR and DHFR after treatment with 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Fluorouracil 138-152 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 96-100 30538221-2 2018 Development of 5-FU resistance is associated with elevated expression of its cellular target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 94-114 30538221-2 2018 Development of 5-FU resistance is associated with elevated expression of its cellular target, thymidylate synthase (TYMS). Fluorouracil 15-19 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 116-120 30538221-5 2018 In agreement, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses of four human CCA cell lines at the baseline level and in response to high doses of 5-FU revealed good correlations between FOXM1 and TYMS expression in the CCA cell lines tested, except for the highly 5-FU-resistant HuCCA cells. Fluorouracil 132-136 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 182-186 30538221-7 2018 Interestingly, silencing of TYMS sensitized both KKU-D131 and HuCCA to 5-FU treatment, suggesting that resistance to very high levels of 5-FU is due to the inability of the genotoxic sensor FOXM1 to modulate TYMS expression. Fluorouracil 71-75 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 28-32 30538221-7 2018 Interestingly, silencing of TYMS sensitized both KKU-D131 and HuCCA to 5-FU treatment, suggesting that resistance to very high levels of 5-FU is due to the inability of the genotoxic sensor FOXM1 to modulate TYMS expression. Fluorouracil 137-141 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 28-32 30538221-8 2018 Consistently, ChIP analysis revealed that FOXM1 binds efficiently to the TYMS promoter and modulates TYMS expression at the promoter level upon 5-FU treatment in KKU-D131 but not in HuCCA cells. Fluorouracil 144-148 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 101-105 30538221-10 2018 In conclusion, our data show that FOXM1 regulates TYMS expression to modulate 5-FU resistance in CCA and that severe 5-FU resistance can be caused by the uncoupling of the regulation of TYMS by FOXM1. Fluorouracil 78-82 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 50-54 30538221-10 2018 In conclusion, our data show that FOXM1 regulates TYMS expression to modulate 5-FU resistance in CCA and that severe 5-FU resistance can be caused by the uncoupling of the regulation of TYMS by FOXM1. Fluorouracil 117-121 thymidylate synthetase Homo sapiens 186-190