PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 9614294-10 1998 Glutamine is effective in the repair of small intestinal mucosal damage, since it suppresses bacterial translocation, effects of growth hormone, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and nucleic acid on nutritional status are being evaluated clinically. Glutamine 0-9 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 129-143 7733028-0 1995 Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Glutamine 62-71 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 33-47 8998125-0 1997 Both growth hormone and exogenous glutamine increase gastrointestinal glutamine uptake in trauma. Glutamine 70-79 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 5-19 8998125-2 1997 SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Growth hormone treatment increases gastrointestinal uptake of GLN despite a reduced skeletal muscle and whole body release. Glutamine 87-90 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-39 8998125-8 1997 Growth hormone treatment reduced hepatic GLN uptake (p = 0.001). Glutamine 41-44 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 8998125-10 1997 Growth hormone treatment reduced femoral and whole-body GLN release (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Glutamine 56-59 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 8665222-0 1996 Experimental study to show that growth hormone treatment before trauma increases glutamine uptake in the intestinal tract. Glutamine 81-90 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-46 9589777-6 1997 Combined treatment with GH, IGF-1 (and insulin) or with IGF-1 and its major binding protein, may prove more effective, especially when used in conjunction with nutritional supplements such as glutamine. Glutamine 192-201 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-26 9589778-6 1997 However during starvation ketoacid production as the consequence of incomplete fatty acid oxidation and ketone excretion swamps the basogenic limb and full-blown metabolic acidosis prevails; under this condition growth hormone"s effectiveness in sparing nitrogen for anabolic processes is curtailed as glutamate (emanating from the liver) and glutamine (derived from muscle proteolysis) are directed to the kidneys, supporting ammoniogenesis: nitrogen balance is now sacrificed for acid-base homoeostasis. Glutamine 343-352 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 212-226 16844576-0 1997 Effects of growth hormone administration on skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism in severely traumatized patients: preliminary report. Glutamine 60-69 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 11-25 16844576-1 1997 We have investigated the effects of 24 h human recombinant growth hormone (hGH) administration on leg muscle glutamine exchange and protein kinetics in severely traumatized patients. Glutamine 109-118 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 59-73 16844576-7 1997 However, the growth hormone-mediated suppression of glutamine production we have observed in this study could decrease the systemic availability of this amino acid. Glutamine 52-61 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 13-27 16844576-8 1997 During growth hormone treatment, this potential side-effect could be prevented by an exogenous glutamine administration. Glutamine 95-104 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 7-21 16844028-0 1996 Growth hormone pre-treatment combined with exogenous glutamine induced a postoperative shift from glucose to glutamine consumption in the gastrointestinal tract. Glutamine 109-118 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 7648157-0 1995 Experimental study to show that growth hormone treatment before trauma increases glutamine uptake in the intestinal tract. Glutamine 81-90 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-46 7648157-1 1995 This study examined whether growth hormone treatment deprived the intestinal tract of glutamine after trauma. Glutamine 86-95 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-42 7648157-10 1995 Growth hormone treatment before trauma increased intestinal glutamine uptake. Glutamine 60-69 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 7733028-5 1995 Ninety minutes after the glutamine administration load both plasma bicarbonate concentration and circulating plasma growth hormone concentration were elevated. Glutamine 25-34 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 116-130 7733028-6 1995 These findings demonstrate that a surprisingly small oral glutamine load is capable of elevating alkaline reserves as well as plasma growth hormone. Glutamine 58-67 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 133-147 8808011-3 1995 Long-term treatment with human recombinant growth hormone normalized plasma alanine, glutamine, and glutamic acid levels, increased the OH-Pro concentration, and did not alter the amino acid ratios of Gly/Val, Phe/Tyr, Ser/Gly, and Asn/Asp, but the Gln/Glu ratio approached the normal value. Glutamine 85-94 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-57 8808011-3 1995 Long-term treatment with human recombinant growth hormone normalized plasma alanine, glutamine, and glutamic acid levels, increased the OH-Pro concentration, and did not alter the amino acid ratios of Gly/Val, Phe/Tyr, Ser/Gly, and Asn/Asp, but the Gln/Glu ratio approached the normal value. Glutamine 249-252 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 43-57 6693059-2 1984 Since the plasma level of glutamine is increased in acromegalics and reduced in hypopituitary patients, it is suggested that this amino acid acts as a growth hormone dependent factor or cofactor in the regulation of cell growth. Glutamine 26-35 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 151-165 8358331-1 1993 The synthetic C-terminal peptide fragment of human growth hormone, Leu-Arg-Ile-Val Gln-Cys-Arg-Val-Ser-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (hGH 177-191), was shown to have antilipogenic activity identical with that of the intact molecule of human growth hormone (hGH). Glutamine 83-86 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-65 8466313-0 1993 Growth hormone after abdominal surgery attenuated forearm glutamine, alanine, 3-methylhistidine, and total amino acid efflux in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Glutamine 58-67 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 8466313-11 1993 CONCLUSIONS: When given after gastrointestinal surgery in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition, growth hormone treatment abolished glutamine, 3-methylhistidine, and total amino acid nitrogen loss from forearm tissue. Glutamine 143-152 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 108-122 16843277-0 1993 Alpha ketoglutarate, ornithine and growth hormone displace glutamine dependent ammoniagenesis and enhance renal base generation and function. Glutamine 59-68 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 35-49 1503519-0 1992 Biosynthetic human growth hormone preserves both muscle protein synthesis and the decrease in muscle-free glutamine, and improves whole-body nitrogen economy after operation. Glutamine 106-115 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 19-33 7820981-1 1994 Pharmacological doses of growth hormone (GH) in humans and rats increase plasma and muscle glutamine values. Glutamine 91-100 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 25-39 7820981-1 1994 Pharmacological doses of growth hormone (GH) in humans and rats increase plasma and muscle glutamine values. Glutamine 91-100 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 41-43 7820981-2 1994 As major surgery results in a physiological rise in serum GH concentration, we investigated whether this physiological increase in GH altered glutamine metabolism. Glutamine 142-151 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 131-133 7904124-0 1993 Growth hormone-enhanced acid production and glutamate and glutamine utilization in LLC-PK-F+ cells. Glutamine 58-67 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 178683-6 1976 With cortisone plus GH therapy, fasting glycemia was improved (73 +/- 6 mg/dl) at 30 hours fasting and was associated with increased alanine and glutamine concentrations (206 +/- 28 muM and 448 +/- 40 muM, respectively) and less ketonemia (beta-hydroxybutyrate 1.13 +/- 0.39 mM). Glutamine 145-154 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 20-22 178683-12 1976 We suggest that the hypoglycemia observed in hypopituitary patients is a substrate-mediated phenomenon, and that cortisone and growth hormone replacement therapy improve fasting glucose homeostasis, increase circulating alanine and glutamine concentrations, and decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glutamine 232-241 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 127-141 30256751-11 2018 Serum growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly higher for patients whose total intake was > 80% of planned volume in the HMB/Arg/Gln group. Glutamine 137-140 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 6-20 30256751-11 2018 Serum growth hormone (GH) levels were significantly higher for patients whose total intake was > 80% of planned volume in the HMB/Arg/Gln group. Glutamine 137-140 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 22-24 30256751-13 2018 The efficacy of HMB/Arg/Gln for increasing serum GH levels needs to be validated in another large-scale randomized controlled trial. Glutamine 24-27 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 49-51 25080462-0 2014 Growth hormone enhances fat-free mass and glutamine availability in patients with short-bowel syndrome: an ancillary double-blind, randomized crossover study. Glutamine 42-51 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 15623826-0 2005 Growth hormone and epidermal growth factor upregulate specific sodium-dependent glutamine uptake systems in human intestinal C2BBe1 cells. Glutamine 80-89 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 11331450-0 2001 Growth hormone together with glutamine-containing total parenteral nutrition maintains muscle glutamine levels and results in a less negative nitrogen balance after surgical trauma. Glutamine 94-103 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 11331450-1 2001 BACKGROUND: Muscle protein catabolism, reflected by a decrease in glutamine (GLN), a decrease in muscle protein synthesis, and a negative nitrogen balance can be reduced by either administration of GLN or growth hormone (GH). Glutamine 66-75 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 205-219 11331450-1 2001 BACKGROUND: Muscle protein catabolism, reflected by a decrease in glutamine (GLN), a decrease in muscle protein synthesis, and a negative nitrogen balance can be reduced by either administration of GLN or growth hormone (GH). Glutamine 77-80 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 205-219 10913032-0 2000 Growth hormone decreases muscle glutamine production and stimulates protein synthesis in hypercatabolic patients. Glutamine 32-41 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 10896910-2 2000 AIMS: To investigate if growth hormone with glutamine and no change in diet improved intestinal function. Glutamine 44-53 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 24-38 10662706-3 2000 The use of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to prevent protein catabolism in these patients may exacerbate the glutamine deficiency. Glutamine 139-148 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 11-25 10662706-3 2000 The use of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to prevent protein catabolism in these patients may exacerbate the glutamine deficiency. Glutamine 139-148 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 27-29 10662706-7 2000 In patients receiving TPNGLN and TPNGLN+GH/IGF-I, plasma glutamine concentration was increased (338 +/- 22 vs. 461 +/- 24 micromol/l, P < 0.001, and 307 +/- 65 vs. 524 +/- 71 micromol/l, P < 0.05, respectively) and glutamine uptake was increased (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05 and 5.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.8 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). Glutamine 57-66 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 40-42 10662706-7 2000 In patients receiving TPNGLN and TPNGLN+GH/IGF-I, plasma glutamine concentration was increased (338 +/- 22 vs. 461 +/- 24 micromol/l, P < 0.001, and 307 +/- 65 vs. 524 +/- 71 micromol/l, P < 0.05, respectively) and glutamine uptake was increased (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.7 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05 and 5.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.8 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). Glutamine 221-230 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 40-42