PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 17928853-2 2007 The genetic switch controlling the yeast galactose use pathway includes two paralogous genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encode a co-inducer (GAL3) and a galactokinase (GAL1). Galactose 41-50 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 174-178 17431926-8 2007 Finally, we determined that the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter can be used for the activation of transcription in S. castellii, thus enabling the controlled overexpression of genes when galactose is present in the medium. Galactose 183-192 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 17452322-1 2007 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase ScGal1, a key enzyme for D-galactose metabolism, catalyzes the conversion of D-galactose to D-galactose 1-phosphate, whereas its catalytically inactive paralogue, ScGal3, activates the transcription of the GAL pathway genes. Galactose 68-79 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-42 17452322-1 2007 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase ScGal1, a key enzyme for D-galactose metabolism, catalyzes the conversion of D-galactose to D-galactose 1-phosphate, whereas its catalytically inactive paralogue, ScGal3, activates the transcription of the GAL pathway genes. Galactose 120-131 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-42 17452322-5 2007 The data document a fundamental difference in the mechanisms by which yeasts and multicellular fungi respond to the presence of D-galactose, showing that the Gal1/Gal3-Gal4-Gal80-dependent regulatory circuit does not operate in multicellular fungi. Galactose 128-139 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 158-162 17069762-2 2006 These ATFs transformed the yeast galactose-dependent GAL1 promoter system into a galactose-independent one. Galactose 33-42 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 17069762-2 2006 These ATFs transformed the yeast galactose-dependent GAL1 promoter system into a galactose-independent one. Galactose 81-90 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 16707274-2 2006 The GAL1 gene encodes galactokinase (Gal1p), an enzyme that phosphorylates galactose. Galactose 75-84 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 16867978-0 2006 The galactose switch in Kluyveromyces lactis depends on nuclear competition between Gal4 and Gal1 for Gal80 binding. Galactose 4-13 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 16867978-2 2006 Gal80 inhibition is relieved via galactose-mediated Gal80-Gal1-Gal3 interaction. Galactose 33-42 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-62 16707274-2 2006 The GAL1 gene encodes galactokinase (Gal1p), an enzyme that phosphorylates galactose. Galactose 75-84 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-35 16707274-2 2006 The GAL1 gene encodes galactokinase (Gal1p), an enzyme that phosphorylates galactose. Galactose 75-84 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-42 16292676-3 2006 This growth defect was due, at least in part, to a defect in the expression of genes, like GAL1, that encode enzymes needed for the metabolism of galactose. Galactose 146-155 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-95 16524886-5 2006 These two activities have competing effects on the response of the network to galactose such that the transport effects of Gal1p are dominant at low galactose concentrations, whereas its catabolic effects are dominant at high galactose concentrations. Galactose 78-87 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 123-128 16524886-5 2006 These two activities have competing effects on the response of the network to galactose such that the transport effects of Gal1p are dominant at low galactose concentrations, whereas its catabolic effects are dominant at high galactose concentrations. Galactose 149-158 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 123-128 16524886-5 2006 These two activities have competing effects on the response of the network to galactose such that the transport effects of Gal1p are dominant at low galactose concentrations, whereas its catabolic effects are dominant at high galactose concentrations. Galactose 149-158 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 123-128 16739953-4 2006 In galactose-grown cells, the core genes of the GAL operon GAL2, GAL1, GAL7, and GAL10 were upregulated at least 100-fold relative to glucose-grown cells. Galactose 3-12 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 65-69 16297867-0 2006 Functional expression of the maize mitochondrial URF13 down-regulates galactose-induced GAL1 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 70-79 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 88-92 16297867-5 2006 Activation of URF13 in galactose-induced cells results in the inhibition of GAL1 expression in the absence of repressing concentrations of glucose. Galactose 23-32 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 76-80 16115868-5 2005 Here we report the x-ray structure of Gal1p in complex with alpha-d-galactose and Mg-adenosine 5"-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMPPNP) determined to 2.4 Angstrom resolution. Galactose 60-77 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-43 16289630-3 2005 Fusions containing the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter joined to PvuII, a bacterial DNA endonuclease gene, are toxic to yeast cells even under non-inducing conditions, i.e., in glucose media. Galactose 23-32 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-47 15670814-5 2005 We hypothesize that GAL1 induction in gal3 cells exposed to galactose is due to a stochastic decrease in the repressor, Gal80p concentration, leading to heterogeneity in the population. Galactose 60-69 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-24 16169270-3 2005 Here we report the use of high-throughput DNA microarray to examine how galactose affects gene expression in isogenic yeast models that are deficient in either galactokinase (GALK) or GALT, two enzymes which are essential for normal galactose metabolism. Galactose 72-81 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 175-179 15849781-6 2005 The widely used S. cerevisiae GAL1 and CUP1 promoters both require the addition of an inducer [galactose and copper(II) ion, respectively] before regulated genes will be expressed. Galactose 95-104 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 15696522-3 2005 As expected, the gal1 Delta strain did not use galactose, and showed high levels of HSA expression, even at extremely low galactose concentrations (0.05-0.1 g/L). Galactose 47-56 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 15696522-3 2005 As expected, the gal1 Delta strain did not use galactose, and showed high levels of HSA expression, even at extremely low galactose concentrations (0.05-0.1 g/L). Galactose 122-131 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 12171922-3 2002 Cell growth is inhibited when PAP cDNA is expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 115-124 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 135-139 14752010-4 2004 H2B was shown to be ubiquitylated and then deubiquitylated at the GAL1 core promoter following galactose induction. Galactose 95-104 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 66-70 14752010-8 2004 The data suggest that Rad6 and SAGA function independently during galactose induction, and that the staged recruitment of these two factors to the GAL1 promoter regulates the ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation of H2B. Galactose 66-75 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 147-151 15385957-4 2004 Here we show that recruitment of Swi/Snf to the galactose-inducible gene GAL1 cannot be fully achieved without the integrity of the Mediator complex, TAF IIs, and RNA polymerase II. Galactose 48-57 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 73-77 11739794-6 2001 When the mutant alpha-tubulins were expressed from the galactose-inducible promoter of GAL1, cells rapidly acquired aberrant microtubule structures. Galactose 55-64 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 87-91 12153318-3 2002 The expression is under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 43-52 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-67 12106903-1 2002 Galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) catalyses the first step in the catabolism of galactose. Galactose 73-82 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-13 12106903-3 2002 In the presence of galactose and ATP (the substrates of the reaction catalysed by Gal1p) Gal1p or Gal3p can bind to Gal80p, a transcriptional repressor. Galactose 19-28 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 82-87 12106903-3 2002 In the presence of galactose and ATP (the substrates of the reaction catalysed by Gal1p) Gal1p or Gal3p can bind to Gal80p, a transcriptional repressor. Galactose 19-28 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-94 11532958-6 2001 By contrast, activation of the GAL1 gene by galactose addition occurs with normal kinetics. Galactose 44-53 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 11504737-6 2001 Induction of HAA1 using a GAL1/HAA1 fusion gene resulted in rapid galactose-induced expression of both HAA1 and target genes. Galactose 66-75 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 11097887-6 2000 Furthermore, we assessed the contribution of neutral trehalase during pressure and recovery conditions by varying the expression of NTH1 or neutral trehalase activity with a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter with either glucose or galactose. Galactose 174-183 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 194-198 11097887-7 2000 The low barotolerance observed with glucose repression of neutral trehalase from the GAL1 promoter was restored during recovery with galactose induction. Galactose 133-142 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 85-89 9143099-7 1997 Heterologous expression of the ord1 open reading frame under the transcriptional control of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose-inducible gal1 promoter results in the ability to convert O-methylsterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B1. Galactose 121-130 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 141-145 10972930-1 2000 Green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to study the regulation of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Galactose 72-81 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 92-96 11129588-2 2000 We observed that yeast strains carrying RNase T1 cDNA under control of the GAL1 promoter with a single-copy vector were able to grow on galactose medium while those with a multi-copy vector were not. Galactose 136-145 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 75-79 10660061-7 2000 Expression of pgmB driven by the GAL1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae complemented the growth phenotype of a pgm2delta mutant strain and suppressed the sensitivity of a gcn4delta mutant strain to amino acid starvation in the presence of galactose. Galactose 242-251 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-37 10452956-5 1999 hIMPase mediated galactose metabolism is dependent on the functionality of GAL1 as well as GAL10 encoded galactokinase and epimerase respectively. Galactose 17-26 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 75-79 10452956-5 1999 hIMPase mediated galactose metabolism is dependent on the functionality of GAL1 as well as GAL10 encoded galactokinase and epimerase respectively. Galactose 17-26 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-118 10212183-2 1999 Base excision repair of dimethyl sulfate induced N-methylpurines (NMPs) was measured in a yeast minichromosome that has a galactose-inducible GAL1:URA3 fusion gene, a constitutively expressed HIS3 gene, and varied regions of chromatin structure. Galactose 122-131 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 142-146 10323230-0 1999 Galactose induction in yeast involves association of Gal80p with Gal1p or Gal3p. Galactose 0-9 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 65-70 10323230-1 1999 Gal1p carries out two functions in the galactose pathway of yeast. Galactose 39-48 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 10323230-5 1999 Interaction between Gal1p and Gal80p depends on the presence of galactose, but not on the catalytic activity of Gal1p. Galactose 64-73 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 20-25 10029992-3 1999 Expression of a GAL1-CaMRPS9 fusion in S. cerevisiae caused the slow development of a galactose-negative phenotype upon repeated subculturing, and this correlated with an increased frequency of petite mutant formation. Galactose 86-95 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 9683648-2 1998 The galactose-inducible S. cerevisiae GAL1-GAL10 promoter was inserted upstream of the C. albicans HEX1 gene, which encodes N-acetylglucosaminidase. Galactose 4-13 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 11027267-7 2000 We constructed a galactose-dependent kri1 strain by placing KRI1 under control of the GAL1 promoter, so that expression of KRI1 was shut off when transferring the culture to glucose medium. Galactose 17-26 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 86-90 10799308-4 2000 Comparison of gene expression profiles among wild-type and revertant strains on galactose medium revealed that the revertant down-regulated genes encoding enzymes including galactokinase, galactose permease, and UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (the GAL regulon). Galactose 80-89 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 173-186 10446254-1 1999 Repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) was measured in a yeast minichromosome, having a galactose-inducible GAL1:URA3 fusion gene, a constitutively expressed HIS3 gene and varied regions of chromatin structure. Galactose 107-116 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 127-131 10446254-2 1999 Transcription of GAL1:URA3 increased >150-fold, while HIS3 expression decreased <2-fold when cells were switched from glucose to galactose medium. Galactose 135-144 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 10446254-5 1999 Repair at 269 cis-syn CPD sites revealed moderate preferential repair of the transcribed strand of GAL1:URA3 in galactose, consistent with transcription-coupled repair in a fraction of these genes. Galactose 112-121 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-103 10446254-8 1999 Finally, a mild correlation of repair heterogeneity with nucleosome positions was observed in the transcribed strand of the inactive GAL1:URA3 gene and this correlation was abolished upon galactose induction. Galactose 188-197 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-137 9747705-3 1998 DNase I analysis of the GAL1 upstream activating sequence (UAS(GAL1/10)) showed expected Gal4 activator protein binding during growth in galactose, and also revealed binding of the Reb1 protein (Reb1p) during growth in glucose. Galactose 137-146 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 9747705-3 1998 DNase I analysis of the GAL1 upstream activating sequence (UAS(GAL1/10)) showed expected Gal4 activator protein binding during growth in galactose, and also revealed binding of the Reb1 protein (Reb1p) during growth in glucose. Galactose 137-146 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 63-72 9677406-2 1998 Each of these genes was cloned under control of the galactose-inducible GAL1-10 promoter and overexpressed in various combinations. Galactose 52-61 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 9363641-3 1997 To examine the mechanism by which Src blocks yeast cell proliferation, and to determine the role of the Src SH2 domain in the growth arrest, src variants were expressed in yeast under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 203-212 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 223-227 8995429-1 1997 RF-C activity in yeast extracts was overproduced about 80-fold after induction of a strain containing all five genes on a single plasmid, with expression of each gene placed under control of the galactose-inducible GAL1-10 promoter. Galactose 195-204 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 215-219 8798585-9 1996 These data indicate that the sequence reported for galactokinase on chromosome 15 is that of GalNAc kinase, which can phosphorylate galactose when this sugar is present at millimolar concentrations. Galactose 132-141 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-64 9046083-0 1997 Galactose-inducible expression systems in Candida maltosa using promoters of newly-isolated GAL1 and GAL10 genes. Galactose 0-9 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 92-96 9046083-1 1997 The GAL1 and GAL10 gene cluster encoding the enzymes of galactose utilization was isolated from an asporogenic yeast, Candida maltosa. Galactose 56-65 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 8929389-2 1996 Consistent with this, we find that recombination of a chromosomal ade1 allele with a plasmid-borne ADE1 ORF under the control of the GAL1 promoter increased from 6.1x10(-6) to 1.7x10(-4) when transcription of the plasmid locus was induced by growing the cells in the presence of galactose. Galactose 279-288 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-137 8658143-5 1996 These data indicate that Gal1p-Gal80p complex formation results in the inactivation of Gal80p, thereby transmitting the galactose signal to Gal4p. Galactose 120-129 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-30 8723646-5 1996 Cells carrying the duk1 delta 1::HIS disruption in addition to a chimeric gene comprising DUK1 behind the GAL1 promoter showed outward currents when grown in galactose, but not when grown in glucose. Galactose 158-167 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-110 8752868-1 1996 To isolate mutations related to the ubiquitin system, I constructed a plasmid carrying the YUH1 and UBP1 genes (genes of ubiquitin-specific processing proteases) whose expressions were under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1-GAL10 promoter. Galactose 210-219 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 230-234 7499233-1 1995 Metabolic reactivation (incubating spheroplasts with galactose and casamino acids) causes disruption of nucleosomes from the upstream regions of the yeast GAL1, GAL10, and GAL80 genes. Galactose 53-62 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 155-159 7592476-6 1995 The ROX3 mutant has only a modest defect in glucose repression of GAL1 but is substantially compromised in galactose induction of GAL1 expression. Galactose 107-116 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 7499233-4 1995 Due to this specificity and because some of the same regions have shown induction-dependent changes by in vivo analyses, we suggest that the nucleosome-disrupted structure produced by reactivation is the authentic chromatin structure for these regions under conditions of galactose-induced GAL1-10 and GAL80 expression. Galactose 272-281 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 290-297 7667309-5 1995 The PAP cDNA was placed under control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter and transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 45-54 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 65-69 7568042-2 1995 The gene VI coding sequence was placed under the control of the galactose-inducible promoter GAL1, which is presented in the yeast shuttle vector pYES2, to create plasmid JS169. Galactose 64-73 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 7765022-3 1994 Conversely ubiquitin overexpression, by galactose induction of an integrated UBI4 gene under GAL1 promoter control, enhanced elafin secretion 7-fold compared to cells wild-type for ubiquitin genes. Galactose 40-49 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 7777566-1 1995 Previous work has shown that N-terminal deletions of yeast histone H3 cause a 2- to 4-fold increase in the induction of GAL1 and a number of other genes involved in galactose metabolism. Galactose 165-174 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 120-124 7867957-6 1995 1.5% of the total protein content in S. cerevisiae using the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter and to 3% (tac/lac tandem promoters) or 6.5% (T7 promoter) in E. coli as judged by immunological and biochemical criteria. Galactose 61-70 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 81-85 7937988-6 1994 Cells carrying the wild-type PMA1 gene on the chromosome and a dominant lethal mutation under the control of a GAL1 promoter on a centromere-containing plasmid exhibit a galactose-dependent lethality. Galactose 170-179 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 111-115 8139579-6 1994 After an initial induction, RNA levels for GAL1 and H1 were drastically reduced, suggesting that H1 acts by the repression of galactose-induced genes. Galactose 126-135 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-47 7517907-3 1994 Protein synthesis is under the control of the GAL1 promoter, which drives transcription when cells are grown on galactose-containing medium, but not when they are grown on glucose-containing medium. Galactose 112-121 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 1468625-1 1992 We have constructed a galactose-inducible expression library by cloning yeast cDNAs unidirectionally under control of the GAL1 promoter in a centromeric shuttle vector. Galactose 22-31 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 122-126 8049521-2 1994 To determine the basis of this growth arrest, yeast strains were constructed that expressed either wild-type v-src or various mutant v-src genes under the control of the galactose-inducible, glucose repressible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 170-179 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 211-215 8262068-1 1993 The GAL1-10 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are regulated by the interaction of cis- and trans-acting factors which facilitate activated transcription in galactose but not in glucose medium. Galactose 156-165 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-11 8393377-1 1993 A plasmid was constructed for the expression of human DNA topoisomerase II alpha in yeast from a galactose-inducible promoter of the yeast GAL1 gene. Galactose 97-106 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 139-143 8349104-1 1993 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL1 and GAL10 genes are controlled in response to the availability of galactose and glucose by multiple activating and repressing proteins bound at adjacent or overlapping sites in UASG. Galactose 100-109 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 8349104-2 1993 Negative control elements in UASG, designated GAL operators GALO1 to GALO6, are required to silence basal level transcription of GAL1 and GAL10 when galactose is absent. Galactose 149-158 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 8483461-5 1993 The complete open reading frame of the cyr1-2 gene expressed under the control of the GAL1 promoter complemented cyr1-d1 in a galactose-dependent manner. Galactose 126-135 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 86-90 8424801-6 1993 Conversely, with a mixture of yeast hexokinase and galactokinase it indicated phosphorylation of glucose and galactose at different sites. Galactose 109-118 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-64 8300631-10 1994 Wild type C. neoformans, C. albicans, and H. sapiens NMTs can fully complement the lethal phenotype of a S. cerevisiae nmt1 null allele at 24 and 37 degrees C when the GAL1-10 promoter controlling their expression is induced by galactose. Galactose 228-237 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 168-172 8106819-2 1993 Yeast cells were transformed with plasmids containing the SSA1 or SSA4 gene which was placed under the control of a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 116-125 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-140 1317007-0 1992 Overproduction of the GAL1 or GAL3 protein causes galactose-independent activation of the GAL4 protein: evidence for a new model of induction for the yeast GAL/MEL regulon. Galactose 50-59 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 1406619-5 1992 We therefore turned to the coregulated set of genes in the galactose cluster (GAL1, GAL7, and GAL10) to assay their corresponding pre-mRNAs in vitro, in hopes of finding a common theme. Galactose 59-68 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 78-82 1317007-9 1992 A galactose-independent mechanism of constitutivity is further indicated by the inducing properties of two newly created galactokinaseless alleles of GAL1. Galactose 2-11 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 150-154 1317007-11 1992 This model invokes galactose-activation of the GAL3 and GAL1 proteins which in turn elicit an alteration of the GAL80-GAL4 complex to activate GAL4. Galactose 19-28 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 1544917-6 1992 Another strain containing a single, integrated copy of a GAL1/NMT1 fusion gene and a nmt1 null allele had 12-fold higher levels of NMT when grown on galactose-containing media. Galactose 149-158 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 57-61 1472868-3 1992 We prepared yeast strains containing an IRF-1 expression plasmid under the control of the galactose-inducible Gal1 promoter and a reporter plasmid with either (GAAAGT)4, VRE beta", or other test sequences placed upstream of a minimal promoter linked to the beta-galactosidase coding sequence. Galactose 90-99 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 1732221-3 1992 We have obtained expression of beta-galactosidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the galactose-inducible upstream activating sequence of the yeast genes GAL1 and GAL10. Galactose 103-112 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 171-175 2007589-10 1991 When the pssC cDNA was placed downstream of the yeast GAL1 promoter and introduced into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity increased in a galactose-dependent manner. Galactose 187-196 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-58 1922058-1 1991 We have analyzed a GAL1 mutant (gal1-r strain) of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis which lacks the induction of beta-galactosidase and the enzymes of the Leloir pathway in the presence of galactose. Galactose 186-195 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 1922058-1 1991 We have analyzed a GAL1 mutant (gal1-r strain) of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis which lacks the induction of beta-galactosidase and the enzymes of the Leloir pathway in the presence of galactose. Galactose 186-195 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 2016312-6 1991 To define the functional domain of the molecule required for cell proliferation, we constructed plasmids expressing a series of N- and C-terminal halves of the CaM under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 189-198 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 209-213 1745225-5 1991 We have found that in imp1 strains, transcriptional induction of the galactose inducible genes (GAL1, 2, 7 + 10, MEL1) is normal, but galactose transport is reduced in both rho+ and rho0 cells. Galactose 69-78 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 96-111 1846667-8 1991 Expression of the ERG8 gene in S. cerevisiae from the galactose-inducible galactokinase (GAL1) promoter resulted in 1,000-fold-elevated levels of phosphomevalonate kinase enzyme activity. Galactose 54-63 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 1846969-4 1991 Fusion of the Ty1-H3mHIS3AI element to the inducible GAL1 promoter resulted in a high frequency of histidine prototrophs upon galactose induction. Galactose 126-135 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 2121145-2 1990 The CDC25 protein is poorly expressed and can be detected only when the CDC25 gene is overexpressed under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1-10 strong promoter elements. Galactose 125-134 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 145-149 2122231-1 1990 The yeast GAL1 and GAL10 genes are transcribed at a remarkably low basal level when galactose is unavailable and are induced by over 4 orders of magnitude when it becomes available. Galactose 84-93 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 10-14 2122231-3 1990 The negative control elements contribute to the broad range of inducibility of GAL1 and GAL10 by inhibiting two GAL4/galactose-independent activating elements (GAE1 and GAE2) in UASG. Galactose 117-126 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 2171146-2 1990 This was achieved by placing a modified h beta-AR gene under control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 76-85 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 96-100 2199310-12 1990 We conclude that, in addition to the GAL3-like activity of GAL1, functions beyond the galactose-specific GAL1, GAL7 and GAL10 enzymes are required for the LTA induction pathway. Galactose 86-95 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-63 2199310-12 1990 We conclude that, in addition to the GAL3-like activity of GAL1, functions beyond the galactose-specific GAL1, GAL7 and GAL10 enzymes are required for the LTA induction pathway. Galactose 86-95 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 105-109 2107073-2 1990 Overexpression of the STE4 protein by the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter caused activation of the pheromone response pathway which resulted in cell-cycle arrest in late G1 phase and induction of the FUS1 gene expression, thereby suppressing the sterility of the receptor-less mutant delta ste2. Galactose 42-51 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 62-66 2105453-3 1990 To characterize more completely the role of these genes in mating, we have conditionally overexpressed GPA1, STE4, and STE18, using the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 136-145 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 156-160 2558958-2 1989 To isolate temperature-sensitive mutations in the RAS2 gene, we constructed a plasmid carrying a RAS2 gene whose expression is under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 152-161 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 172-176 34335569-6 2021 Through the modulation of the GAL1 promoter by using different galactose:glucose ratios in the culture medium, we have established a scenario in which caspase-1 is sufficiently expressed to become activated while yeast growth is not impaired. Galactose 63-72 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 6206472-6 1984 Using this system, several recombinants with nearly full-length GAL1 cDNA inserts in a cDNA library made with galactose-induced yeast mRNA were identified. Galactose 110-119 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 64-68 2511842-3 1989 In frame STA2/lacZ gene fusions have been constructed and expressed in S. cerevisiae under the control of either the STA2 or the galactose inducible GAL1-10 upstream promoters. Galactose 129-138 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 149-153 2512199-9 1989 To surmount the second problem, we have used a gal1 mutant, deficient in the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of galactose utilization. Galactose 117-126 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 2685550-2 1989 The transcription activator GAL4 binds to four related sites in UASG and induces expression of GAL1 and GAL10 when galactose is available. Galactose 115-124 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 95-99 2657404-1 1989 Conversion of the positioned nucleosome array characteristic of the repressed GAL1-GAL10 promoter region to the more accessible conformation of the induced state was found to depend on the upstream activation sequence, GAL4 protein, a positive regulator of transcription, and galactose, the inducing agent. Galactose 276-285 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 78-82 3322938-1 1987 The upstream activating sequence (UASG) of the adjacent and divergently transcribed GAL1 and GAL10 promoters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulates the induction of the corresponding genes in response to the presence of galactose. Galactose 219-228 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 84-88 3322938-4 1987 Several distinct portions of the GAL1-GAL10 divergent promoter region blocked the UASC-induced expression of the GAL1 and GAL10 promoters, whereas others did not, suggesting that several distinct negative control elements are present that may repress transcription of GAL1 and GAL10 in the absence of galactose. Galactose 301-310 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-37 3322938-4 1987 Several distinct portions of the GAL1-GAL10 divergent promoter region blocked the UASC-induced expression of the GAL1 and GAL10 promoters, whereas others did not, suggesting that several distinct negative control elements are present that may repress transcription of GAL1 and GAL10 in the absence of galactose. Galactose 301-310 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 3322938-4 1987 Several distinct portions of the GAL1-GAL10 divergent promoter region blocked the UASC-induced expression of the GAL1 and GAL10 promoters, whereas others did not, suggesting that several distinct negative control elements are present that may repress transcription of GAL1 and GAL10 in the absence of galactose. Galactose 301-310 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 38-42 3302676-2 1987 By utilizing growth conditions that favor either transcriptional induction (galactose-carbon source) or repression (glucose-carbon source) from the GAL1 promoter, centromere function can be switched off or on, respectively. Galactose 76-85 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 148-152 3302597-1 1987 We have suggested previously from Northern blot analysis that transcription of the negative regulatory gene GAL80 was controlled positively by another regulatory gene GAL4, and negatively by GAL80 itself, in similar way to GAL1, GAL7 and GAL10 genes encoding galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 259-268 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 223-227 3510183-8 1986 Temperature shift experiments with one of those mutants led to the conclusion that the GAL3 function is required not only for the initiation of enzyme induction but also for the maintenance of the induced state in galactose-nonfermenting S. cerevisiae because of a defect in any of the genes for the galactose-catabolizing enzymes, such as gal1 or gal10. Galactose 214-223 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 340-344 3886158-5 1985 A single near-consensus synthetic 17 bp oligonucleotide, installed in front of the yeast GAL1 or CYC1 transcription units, conferred a high level of galactose inducibility upon these genes. Galactose 149-158 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 3908221-1 1985 Transcription of the tightly linked genes GAL7-GAL10-GAL1 encoding three galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by an interplay of the positive regulatory gene GAL4 and the negative regulatory gene GAL80. Galactose 73-82 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 47-51 2663189-1 1989 The coding region of a yeast calmodulin gene was fused to a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter, and a conditional-lethal mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the expression of calmodulin was regulated by galactose, was constructed. Galactose 60-69 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 3041409-1 1988 Transcription of the yeast GAL1 and GAL10 genes is induced by growth on galactose. Galactose 72-81 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 27-31 3041409-7 1988 These patterns, characteristic of the induced wild-type GAL1 gene, were still galactose inducible with the TATA mutant GAl1 promoter, despite the low level of transcription from this promoter. Galactose 78-87 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 3041409-7 1988 These patterns, characteristic of the induced wild-type GAL1 gene, were still galactose inducible with the TATA mutant GAl1 promoter, despite the low level of transcription from this promoter. Galactose 78-87 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 119-123 3013721-6 1986 In experiments in which the presence of either the plasmid-carried cloned GAL3 gene or the plasmid-carried cloned GAL1-10-7 genes allows MEL1 induction of a gal3 gal1 gal7 cell, we find that loss of the plasmid results in the shutoff of MEL1 expression even when galactose is continuously present. Galactose 263-272 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 114-118 3082856-2 1986 The clone restores galactose permease activity to gal2 yeasts and is regulated by galactose in a manner similar to other GAL gene products (GAL1, -7, and -10). Galactose 19-28 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 140-144 383580-5 1979 The yeast DNA fragment is 4700 base pairs long, and enables the host E. coli K-12 strain to grow in minimal medium containing galactose as the sole carbon source with a generation time of 14.3 h. The yeast galactokinase activity in the bacterial extracts is 0.7% of the bacterial galactokinase activity found in wild-type E. coli fully induced with fucose. Galactose 126-135 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 206-219 6715281-1 1984 In Saccharomyces, the enzymes used to convert galactose to glucose are specified by three coordinately expressed, tightly linked genes, GAL7, GAL10, and GAL1. Galactose 46-55 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 142-146 6715281-7 1984 By using various Saccharomyces DNA fragments, the accumulation of GAL1 and GAL10 RNA in yeast cells after induction with galactose was studied. Galactose 121-130 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 66-70 6366517-1 1984 We placed the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene under control of the galactose regulatory system by fusing it to the S. cerevisiae GAL1 promoter. Galactose 70-79 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 132-136 6244221-5 1980 The same degree of induction of galactokinase and galactotransferase, found when galactose or galactosamine were used as inducers, supports the model of coordinated regulation in the expression of the structural genes for the galactose pathway enzymes in yeast. Galactose 81-90 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-68 6244221-5 1980 The same degree of induction of galactokinase and galactotransferase, found when galactose or galactosamine were used as inducers, supports the model of coordinated regulation in the expression of the structural genes for the galactose pathway enzymes in yeast. Galactose 226-235 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-68 381107-5 1979 This plasmid DNA hybridized with the galactokinase mRNA to the same extent in the presence of absence of a large excess of unlabelled mRNA from cells that were not induced for galactokinase synthesis, while the same amount of unlabelled galactose-induced mRNA reduced the hybridization by 95%. Galactose 237-246 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-50 381107-6 1979 When this plasmid was introduced into an E. coli strain deleted for the galactose operon it caused the synthesis of low levels of yeast galactokinase activity. Galactose 72-81 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-149 378392-8 1979 The cloned fragment Sc481 contains coding regions for all or part of three galactose"induced RNAs and may correspond to the GAL 1, GAL 7, GAL 10 gene cluster region of chromosome II. Galactose 75-84 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 124-129 383580-5 1979 The yeast DNA fragment is 4700 base pairs long, and enables the host E. coli K-12 strain to grow in minimal medium containing galactose as the sole carbon source with a generation time of 14.3 h. The yeast galactokinase activity in the bacterial extracts is 0.7% of the bacterial galactokinase activity found in wild-type E. coli fully induced with fucose. Galactose 126-135 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 280-293 33479156-2 2021 We discovered two functional, incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae We identified a three-locus genetic interaction for growth in galactose, and used precisely engineered alleles to show that it arises from variation in the galactose utilization genes GAL2, GAL1/10/7, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), and that the reference allele of PGM1 is incompatible with the alternative alleles of the other genes. Galactose 59-68 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 295-304 5938660-10 1966 Galactokinase phosphorylates 2-deoxygalactose and galactosamine in addition to galactose, has a pH optimum of 7.8, a Q(10) of 2, and is stimulated by cysteine and other thiols. Galactose 36-45 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-13 14144-1 1977 Galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6; ATP:D-galactose-1-phosphotransferase) was purified to homogeneity with a 50% yield from cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which were fully induced for the production of the galactose metabolizing enzymes. Galactose 33-42 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-13 14144-8 1977 The effect of pH on the galactokinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of galactose was determined; the results showed the pH optimum of the reaction to be in the range of pH 8.0 to 9.0. Galactose 67-76 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-37 14144-9 1977 The enzyme is highly specific for galactose since galactokinase did not appear to phosphorylate any of the other sugars tested at a rate greater than 0.5% of the rate of galactose phosphorylation. Galactose 34-43 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-63 33479156-2 2021 We discovered two functional, incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae We identified a three-locus genetic interaction for growth in galactose, and used precisely engineered alleles to show that it arises from variation in the galactose utilization genes GAL2, GAL1/10/7, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), and that the reference allele of PGM1 is incompatible with the alternative alleles of the other genes. Galactose 167-176 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 295-304 33479156-2 2021 We discovered two functional, incompatible versions of the galactose pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae We identified a three-locus genetic interaction for growth in galactose, and used precisely engineered alleles to show that it arises from variation in the galactose utilization genes GAL2, GAL1/10/7, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), and that the reference allele of PGM1 is incompatible with the alternative alleles of the other genes. Galactose 167-176 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 295-304 31213518-4 2019 Finally, the CEN/ARS sequence is fused to the GAL1-10 promoter, which disrupts plasmid segregation in the presence of the sugar galactose, causing Superloser to rapidly be removed from a population of cells. Galactose 128-137 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-53 33141945-1 2021 In many yeast species the three genes at the center of the galactose catabolism pathway, GAL1, GAL10 and GAL7, are neighbors in the genome and form a metabolic gene cluster. Galactose 59-68 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-93 32180781-11 2020 However, seedlings from plates, in which the sucrose was replaced by galactose, showed a strong increase of Gal-1-P to levels of up to 200 nmol g FW-1. Galactose 69-78 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 108-113 27184763-3 2016 Both novel and known locus-specific DNA-protein interactions were identified at the ENO2 and GAL1 promoter regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and revealed subgroups of proteins present in significantly different levels at the loci in cells grown on glucose versus galactose as the carbon source. Galactose 266-275 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 29526355-4 2018 Furthermore, to improve the transcriptional efficiency of heterologous genes, the cellular galactose regulatory network was reconstructed by knocking out galactose metabolic genes GAL80 and GAL1. Galactose 91-100 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 190-194 29526355-4 2018 Furthermore, to improve the transcriptional efficiency of heterologous genes, the cellular galactose regulatory network was reconstructed by knocking out galactose metabolic genes GAL80 and GAL1. Galactose 154-163 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 190-194 28607146-9 2017 This mechanism allows cells to integrate a previous experience (growth in galactose, reflected by Gal1 levels) with current conditions (growth in glucose, potentially through Tup1 function) to overcome repression and to poise critical GAL genes for future reactivation. Galactose 74-83 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 30902987-4 2019 First, GAL1 coding for galactose kinase is deleted to eliminate galactose utilization. Galactose 23-32 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 7-11 29153325-5 2017 This mutation confirms that cytoplasmically inherited Gal1 produced during previous growth in galactose directly interferes with Gal80 repression to promote faster induction of GAL genes. Galactose 94-103 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 54-58 26283730-3 2015 The GAL1 activity in cell populations is modulated in a well-defined range of galactose concentrations, correlating with a dynamic change of histone remodeling and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) association. Galactose 78-87 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 26516093-3 2016 We show that replacement of GAL3"s open-reading-frame with GAL1"s results in an extended lag phase upon switching to growth on galactose with up to 2.5-fold differences in the initial cell masses. Galactose 127-136 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-63 26554583-4 2016 We chose as an experimental testbed the most commonly used inducible promoter in yeast: the galactose-responsive GAL1 promoter. Galactose 92-101 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 113-117 26554583-6 2016 Using a microfluidics-based experimental platform, in which either glucose or galactose can be provided to the cells, we demonstrated that both the MPC and ZAD control strategies can successfully regulate gene expression from the GAL1 promoter in living cells for thousands of minutes. Galactose 78-87 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 230-234 26729717-4 2016 We have also developed a new variant of the delitto perfetto methodology to place BDH1 under the control of the GAL1 promoter, resulting in a yeast strain that overexpresses butanediol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase activities in the presence of galactose and regenerates NADH in the presence of formate. Galactose 255-264 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 112-116 24281423-4 2014 In this study, we quantitatively measured gene expression patterns of the selection marker (KlURA3 driven by the promoter, pKlURA) and the gene expression cassette (GFP driven by the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter, pGAL1) in all their possible relative arrangements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 183-192 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 203-207 25464841-3 2014 To separate the roles of replication and transcription in the expansion of Friedreich"s ataxia (GAA)n repeats, we designed two yeast genetic systems that utilize a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter but contain these repeats in either the transcribed or nontranscribed region of a selectable cassette. Galactose 164-173 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 184-188 24785355-1 2014 GAL1 and GAL3 are paralogous signal transducers that functionally inactivate Gal80p to activate the Gal4p-dependent transcriptional activation of GAL genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to galactose. Galactose 199-208 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 26112740-9 2015 The galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter provided the highest GFP expression on galactose, and the copper-inducible CUP1 promoter provided the highest induced GFP expression following the diauxic shift. Galactose 4-13 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 26112740-9 2015 The galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter provided the highest GFP expression on galactose, and the copper-inducible CUP1 promoter provided the highest induced GFP expression following the diauxic shift. Galactose 77-86 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 25071213-4 2014 Thr4 is required to maintain repression of phosphate-regulated (PHO) genes under normal growth conditions and for full induction of PHO5 and the galactose-induced GAL1 and GAL7 genes. Galactose 145-154 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 163-167 24753407-5 2014 Transcription from all three promoters was imaged in live cells and transcriptional increases from the GAL1 promoter were observed with time after adding galactose. Galactose 154-163 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 103-107 22565375-7 2012 Third, we establish a collection of galactose-inducible hybrid promoters that span a nearly 50-fold dynamic range of galactose-induced expression levels and increase the transcriptional capacity of the Gal1 promoter by 15%. Galactose 36-45 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 202-206 24060651-5 2013 This protease gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 86-95 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-110 22565375-7 2012 Third, we establish a collection of galactose-inducible hybrid promoters that span a nearly 50-fold dynamic range of galactose-induced expression levels and increase the transcriptional capacity of the Gal1 promoter by 15%. Galactose 117-126 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 202-206 22479149-1 2012 The proteasome inhibitor MG132 had been shown to prevent galactose induction of the S. cerevisiae GAL1 gene, demonstrating that ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation of transcription factors plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Galactose 57-66 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 98-102 22910905-4 2012 This yeast strain also contains the Ho cut site at the nearly silent or poorly active mating type alpha (MATalpha) locus and expresses Ho endonuclease under the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter. Galactose 161-170 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 181-185 22674776-5 2012 We find that luciferase expression driven by the GAL1 promoter responds dynamically to growing galactose concentrations, with increasing synthesis rates determined by the light increment in the initial linear phase of activation. Galactose 95-104 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-53 22353713-2 2012 In the galactose network, the GAL1/GAL3 paralogues and the GAL2 gene enhance their own expression mediated by the Gal4p transcriptional activator. Galactose 7-16 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 21823166-4 2011 Expression of Flp recombinase, which is under the control of the GAL1 promoter, was induced by galactose, which in turn excised FRT sites flanked genes. Galactose 95-104 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 65-69 21822965-1 2011 Of the genes involved in galactose metabolism, GAL7, GAL10, and GAL1 are tightly linked in this order on chromosome II in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 25-34 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-57 21736558-2 2011 Upon galactose induction, nucleosomes are evicted from the GAL1 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Galactose 5-14 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 59-63 21176163-8 2010 Amongst metabolic SNPs detected, there was pathway enrichment in the galactose uptake pathway (GAL1, GAL10) and ergosterol biosynthetic pathway (ERG8, ERG9). Galactose 69-78 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 95-99 21107648-2 2011 The gene, which was obtained through mutation of the synthesized single-chain monellin gene, was cloned into an E. coli-yeast shuttle vector pYES2.0 which carries the galactose-inducible promoter GAL1. Galactose 167-176 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 196-200 18421797-5 2008 Aerobic batch cultivations on galactose of strains with different combinations of overexpression of the genes GAL1, GAL2, GAL7, and GAL10, which encode proteins that together convert extracellular galactose into glucose-1-phosphate, revealed a decrease in the maximum specific growth rate when compared to the reference strain. Galactose 197-206 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 110-114 18811659-2 2008 Induced galactose toxicity is prevented by deletion of GAL4, which inhibits the transcriptional activation of genes involved in galactose metabolism and by deletion of the galactokinase (GAL1), indicating that galactose-1-phosphate, a phosphorylated intermediate of the Leloir pathway, is the toxic compound. Galactose 8-17 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 172-185 18811659-2 2008 Induced galactose toxicity is prevented by deletion of GAL4, which inhibits the transcriptional activation of genes involved in galactose metabolism and by deletion of the galactokinase (GAL1), indicating that galactose-1-phosphate, a phosphorylated intermediate of the Leloir pathway, is the toxic compound. Galactose 8-17 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 187-191 19346454-6 2009 Loss of Sec39p attenuated formation of Pex3p-derived peroxisomal structures following galactose induction of Pex3p-GFP expression from the GAL1 promoter. Galactose 86-95 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 139-143 19456874-7 2009 To investigate this, we created a strain with a galactose-inducible GAL1-PIS1 gene. Galactose 48-57 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 68-72 19433220-2 2009 The S domain of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (sHBsAg) was expressed under the control of the galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Galactose 98-107 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 118-122 18957435-6 2009 This nucleotide stabilization effect is also observed for the related proteins S. cerevisiae Gal3p and Kluyveromyces lactis Gal1p and suggests that nucleotide binding results in the formation of, or the unmasking of, the galactose-binding site. Galactose 221-230 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 124-129 17981065-4 2008 Further, the growth of both GALT-null and GALE-null yeast challenged with galactose is rescued by loss of GALK, thereby implicating the GALK reaction product, gal-1P, for a role in the galactose-sensitivity of both strains. Galactose 74-83 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-110 18408064-3 2008 The episomal vector systems pESC (with the galactose-inducible promoter GAL1) and pYEX-BX (with the copper ion-inducible promoter CUP1) were chosen to express the cyanophycin synthetase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Galactose 43-52 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 18321194-6 2008 Of 27 effectors tested, HopAD1, HopAO1, HopD1, HopN1, and HopU1 were found to inhibit growth when expressed from a galactose-inducible GAL1 promoter, and HopAA1-1 and HopAM1 were found to cause cell death. Galactose 115-124 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 135-139 18031531-1 2008 The GAL1 and GAL10 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are transcribed divergently and transcription of both genes can be induced by galactose and repressed by glucose. Galactose 131-140 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 17981065-4 2008 Further, the growth of both GALT-null and GALE-null yeast challenged with galactose is rescued by loss of GALK, thereby implicating the GALK reaction product, gal-1P, for a role in the galactose-sensitivity of both strains. Galactose 74-83 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-140 17981065-4 2008 Further, the growth of both GALT-null and GALE-null yeast challenged with galactose is rescued by loss of GALK, thereby implicating the GALK reaction product, gal-1P, for a role in the galactose-sensitivity of both strains. Galactose 185-194 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 106-110 17981065-4 2008 Further, the growth of both GALT-null and GALE-null yeast challenged with galactose is rescued by loss of GALK, thereby implicating the GALK reaction product, gal-1P, for a role in the galactose-sensitivity of both strains. Galactose 185-194 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 136-140 17981065-6 2008 Here we have developed and applied a doxycycline-repressible allele of galactokinase to define the quantitative relationship between galactokinase activity, gal-1P accumulation, and growth arrest of galactose-challenged GALT or GALE-deficient yeast. Galactose 199-208 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-84 17981065-6 2008 Here we have developed and applied a doxycycline-repressible allele of galactokinase to define the quantitative relationship between galactokinase activity, gal-1P accumulation, and growth arrest of galactose-challenged GALT or GALE-deficient yeast. Galactose 199-208 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 133-146