PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 22938619-10 2012 This approach also allowed the determination of tyrosinase activity because tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to L-DOPA. Tyrosine 115-125 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 48-58 24274507-6 2014 An analysis of enzymatic kinetics showed that the purified fucoidan was a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase toward l-tyrosine, and the inhibitory constant Ki obtained from double-reciprocal plots was 0.9907 mg/mL. Tyrosine 117-127 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 99-109 24853564-1 2014 Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing enzyme widely distributed in plants and animals, which catalyzes both the hydroxylation of tyrosine into o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols into o-quinones. Tyrosine 141-149 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 24148524-3 2013 The proposed method showed favorable quantitative analysis property of dansyl D, L-tyrosine with good linearity (r(2)>=0.999) and reproducibility (RSD<=3.8%), then, it was applied in studying the activity of tyrosinase through the determination of L-tyrosine concentration variation after being incubated with the enzyme. Tyrosine 81-91 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 214-224 32261607-4 2014 The tyrosine residues in human gelatin were converted into DOPA by enzymatic reaction with tyrosinase. Tyrosine 4-12 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 91-101 23252650-4 2013 Similarly, the effective quenching of the AgNCs by quinones enabled the detection of tyrosinase through the biocatalyzed oxidation of tyrosine, dopamine, or tyramine to the respective quinone products. Tyrosine 134-142 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 85-95 23311648-0 2013 Potent enhancement of transdermal absorption and stability of human tyrosinase plasmid (pAH7/Tyr) by Tat peptide and an entrapment in elastic cationic niosomes. Tyrosine 93-96 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 68-78 22958397-1 2012 Potent melanin production enhancement of human tyrosinase plasmid (pAH7/Tyr, P) in mouse melanoma cells (B(16)F(10)) by Tat peptide (T) and an entrapment in elastic cationic niosomes (E) was described. Tyrosine 72-75 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 47-57 22938619-10 2012 This approach also allowed the determination of tyrosinase activity because tyrosinase catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to L-DOPA. Tyrosine 115-125 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 20481436-6 2010 The hydrolysis of (4) yields the tyrosine units that are oxidized by O(2)/tyrosinase to the respective dopaquinone product. Tyrosine 33-41 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 74-84 22943168-2 2012 The enhancement of tyrosinase gene expression and melanin production by loading the plasmid in elastic cationic niosomes was investigated in tyrosinase gene knocked out human melanoma (M5) cells and in tyrosine-producing mouse melanoma (B(16) F(10) ) cells. Tyrosine 202-210 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 19-29 22531911-2 2012 We have recently discovered that the peptide Tyr((369-377)) , derived from the tyrosinase protein is highly presented by HLA-A2 on the surface of melanoma cells. Tyrosine 45-48 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 79-89 22282089-1 2012 New trends in material science and nanotechnologies have spurred growing interest in eumelanins black insoluble biopolymers derived by tyrosinase-catalysed oxidation of tyrosine via 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and its 2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). Tyrosine 169-177 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 135-145 21458432-12 2011 Although, as controls, 4-hydroxyanisole and L-tyrosine were metabolized by tyrosinase to form quinones and glutathione conjugates, they exhibited no GST inhibition in the absence and presence of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 44-54 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 75-85 20726950-3 2011 Biochemically, the precursor tyrosine and the key enzyme tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins are involved in eumelanogenesis, while only the additional presence of cysteine is necessary for pheomelanogenesis. Tyrosine 29-37 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 22187676-0 2011 Indirect inactivation of tyrosinase in its action on tyrosine. Tyrosine 53-61 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 25-35 21042905-1 2011 Tyrosinase (TYR: EC 1.14.18.1) was covalently modified onto the surface of a cyanuric chloride-activated carbon felt (CF) from the mixed buffer solution of TYR and acridine orange (AO). Tyrosine 12-15 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 21042905-1 2011 Tyrosinase (TYR: EC 1.14.18.1) was covalently modified onto the surface of a cyanuric chloride-activated carbon felt (CF) from the mixed buffer solution of TYR and acridine orange (AO). Tyrosine 156-159 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 21313820-0 2010 Optical determination of L-tyrosine based on eggshell membrane immobilized tyrosinase. Tyrosine 25-35 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 75-85 21313820-1 2010 An optical biosensor based on the eggshell membrane immobilized tyrosinase is described for the detection of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). Tyrosine 109-119 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 64-74 21313820-1 2010 An optical biosensor based on the eggshell membrane immobilized tyrosinase is described for the detection of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr). Tyrosine 121-126 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 64-74 21152314-1 2010 Tyrosinase is the key and rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine into melanin. Tyrosine 81-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 20838572-0 2010 Generation mechanism of radical species by tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. Tyrosine 43-51 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 52-62 20838572-3 2010 This study applying electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method revealed that ( )H and ( )OH are generated through tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. Tyrosine 122-130 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 131-141 22531911-5 2012 Co-localization experiments revealed that, in cell lines presenting low levels of HLA-A2-Tyr((369-377)) complexes, tyrosinase co-localizes with LAMP-1, a melanosome marker, whereas in cell lines presenting high HLA-A2-Tyr((369-377)) levels, tyrosinase localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Tyrosine 89-92 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 116-126 22531911-5 2012 Co-localization experiments revealed that, in cell lines presenting low levels of HLA-A2-Tyr((369-377)) complexes, tyrosinase co-localizes with LAMP-1, a melanosome marker, whereas in cell lines presenting high HLA-A2-Tyr((369-377)) levels, tyrosinase localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Tyrosine 219-222 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 116-126 22531911-8 2012 Our findings suggest that aberrant processing and instability of tyrosinase are responsible for the high presentation of HLA-A2-Tyr((369-377)) complexes and thus shed new light on the relationship between intracellular processing, stability of proteins, and MHC-restricted peptide presentation. Tyrosine 128-131 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 65-75 22259223-3 2012 Because the levels of and protection afforded by melanin seem to decline with increasing age, proper regulation of the human tyrosinase gene (TYR) in the RPE is an important but insufficiently understood process. Tyrosine 142-145 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 125-135 21054558-3 2011 In human skin melanocytes, the cellular tyrosinase inhibition was examined by the conversion of l-tyrosine and oxidation of l-DOPA to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 96-106 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 40-50 21048351-5 2010 Tyrosinase is the enzyme that oxidizes tyrosine to DOPA and further oxidizes DOPA to the melanin precursor dopaquinone. Tyrosine 39-47 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 20077437-4 2010 In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of p-CA and two other well known TYR inhibitors used in cosmetics--arbutin and kojic acid--on the catalytic activities of mushroom, murine and human TYRs in vitro, using tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as substrates. Tyrosine 199-203 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-86 19440221-9 2009 This inhibition partially depended on whether L-dopa or L-tyrosine was the substrate, suggesting that tyrosinase may contain contains two distinct catalytic sites. Tyrosine 56-66 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 102-112 20447099-6 2010 Computational analysis predicted that the R299C mutant inactivates the tyrosinase enzyme by misfolding of protein tertiary structure and/or retention of the misfolded tyrosinase within the endoplasmic reticulum, and F214del causes dysfunction of tyrosine enzyme by affecting the copper binding sites and altering substrate orientation and electronic transfers during catalytic reactions for melanosynthesis. Tyrosine 246-254 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 71-81 19493317-1 2009 Pheomelanogenesis is a complex pathway that starts with the oxidation of tyrosine (or DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) by tyrosinase in the presence of cysteine, which results in the production of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and its isomers. Tyrosine 73-81 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 123-133 19270380-5 2009 A Lineweaver-Burk plot for a kinetic analysis indicates that 1 competed with L-tyrosine for tyrosinase. Tyrosine 77-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 92-102 19336006-4 2009 TYR-siRNA treatment inhibited the cellular melanin synthesis from the externally supplied TYR substrate L-tyrosine. Tyrosine 104-114 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-3 19336006-4 2009 TYR-siRNA treatment inhibited the cellular melanin synthesis from the externally supplied TYR substrate L-tyrosine. Tyrosine 104-114 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 90-93 19342661-7 2009 We propose that Tyr(369)(N) fails to be presented because unglycosylated tyrosinase is degraded rapidly and relatively nonselectively. Tyrosine 16-19 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 73-83 19342661-8 2009 In contrast, glycosylation alters the selectivity of tyrosinase processing by the proteasome, enhancing the production or survival of Tyr(369)(D). Tyrosine 134-137 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 53-63 19007228-1 2008 Tyrosinase catalyzes the biological conversion of tyrosine to dopaquinone with dioxygen at the dinuclear copper active site under physiological conditions. Tyrosine 50-58 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 19507590-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transfect results of recombinant adenovirus vector carrying tyrosinase gene (Ad-tyr) in vitro by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after the Ad-tyr was transfected into HepG2 cell. Tyrosine 107-110 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 87-97 19507590-2 2009 METHODS: The Ad-tyr which carried the full-length cDNA of tyrosinase gene was transfected into HepG2 cell. Tyrosine 16-19 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 58-68 18683130-1 2008 OBJECTIVE: To identify the mutations of the tyrosinase gene (TYR) and P gene in patients with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Tyrosine 61-64 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 44-54 18811684-8 2008 Lineweaver-Burk reciprocal plot analysis using mushroom tyrosinase illustrated that dA and its derivatives are more robust competitive inhibitors than HQ, when tyrosine is used as substrate. Tyrosine 160-168 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 56-66 18975953-0 2008 Synthesis of a new water-soluble oligo(phenylenevinylene) containing a tyrosine moiety for tyrosinase activity detection. Tyrosine 71-79 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 91-101 18975953-1 2008 A new water-soluble oligo(phenylenevinylene) containing a tyrosine unit (OPV-Tyr) was synthesized as a fluorescent probe to optically detect tyrosinase activity. Tyrosine 58-66 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 141-151 18975953-2 2008 Upon the addition of tyrosinase, the tyrosine moiety was oxidized to quinone, which quenched the fluorescence of OPV-Tyr via intramolecular electron transfer from the phenylenevinylene unit to the quinone site. Tyrosine 37-45 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 21-31 18390556-5 2008 The results presented here indicate that, in conformity with the stringent specificity of tyrosinase, the exposed tyrosine side-chains are the reactive centers of alpha-synuclein. Tyrosine 114-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 90-100 18569714-4 2008 Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyalanine (L-Dopa), therefore tyrosinase inhibitors are used in various skin preparations due to its pronounced effect on anti-hyperpigment. Tyrosine 62-72 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 18569714-4 2008 Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-dihydroxyalanine (L-Dopa), therefore tyrosinase inhibitors are used in various skin preparations due to its pronounced effect on anti-hyperpigment. Tyrosine 62-72 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 115-125 18522432-6 2008 Furthermore, by combining an enzymatic cycle of trace tyrosinase to produce the oxidized product with an energy-transfer process, an extremely sensitive method for ECL detection of tyrosine with a subpicomolar limit of detection was developed. Tyrosine 181-189 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 54-64 17318568-5 2007 The amount of tyrosinase mRNA was determined quantitatively by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the tyrosinase activity was investigated by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase activity using [(3)H]tyrosine. Tyrosine 189-197 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 139-149 18177348-4 2008 In this context, it is noteworthy that intracellular L-phenylalanine uptake and turnover to L-tyrosine via PAH is vital for substrate supply of THI and tyrosinase. Tyrosine 92-102 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 152-162 18791269-6 2008 In DB-1 melanoma cells that overexpress tyrosinase (Tyr(+) cells), the threshold for phosphorylation of ATM and p53 at serine 15 was observed at a low dose of Qct (25 microM) when compared to the mock transfected pcDNA3 cells, which required a higher dose (75 microM). Tyrosine 52-55 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 40-50 17850508-3 2007 Based on existing research, we propose that vitiligo has a multi-factorial etiology, characterized by multiple steps, but always involving an increase of external or internal phenol/catechol concentration, serving as a preferred surrogate substrate of tyrosinase, competing with its physiological substrate tyrosine. Tyrosine 307-315 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 252-262 17131995-3 2006 The tyrosine units were reacted with tyrosinase/O2 to yield the respective l-DOPA and quinone derivatives. Tyrosine 4-12 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 37-47 17010655-1 2007 Tyrosinase shows a lag period in its action on monophenols (l-tyrosine). Tyrosine 60-70 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 16445854-2 2006 Tyrosinase, the primary enzyme in melanin synthesis commonly mutated in albinism, oxidizes l-tyrosine to l-dopaquinone using l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as an intermediate product. Tyrosine 91-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 16442796-3 2006 Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the first stage of melanin synthesis, catalyzing the transformation of tyrosine to l-dopaquinone. Tyrosine 110-118 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 16436386-2 2006 These structures suggest that the caddie protein covers the hydrophobic molecular surface of tyrosinase and interferes with the binding of a substrate tyrosine to the catalytic site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 151-159 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 93-103 16436386-2 2006 These structures suggest that the caddie protein covers the hydrophobic molecular surface of tyrosinase and interferes with the binding of a substrate tyrosine to the catalytic site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 151-159 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 185-195 16950829-9 2006 Identification of the enzymes as tyrosinases was confirmed by the ability of lichen thalli or leachates derived by shaking lichens in distilled water to metabolize substrates such as L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), tyrosine and epinephrine readily in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, the sensitivity of the enzymes to the inhibitors cyanide, azide and hexylresorcinol, activation by SDS and having typical tyrosinase molecular masses of approx. Tyrosine 216-224 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 33-43 16841367-3 2006 Tyrosinase catalyses three different reactions in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin in melanocytes: the hydroxylation of tyrosine to l-DOPA and the oxidation of l-DOPA to dopaquinone; furthermore, in humans, dopaquinone is converted by a series of complex reactions to melanin. Tyrosine 123-131 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 16199032-5 2006 Tyrosinase was targeted to the late endosomal and lysosomal compartments after treatment of the cells with compounds that correct the tyrosinase mistrafficking in albino melanocytes, most likely through altering intracellular pH, while the substrate tyrosine had no effect on the processing of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 250-258 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 15885091-4 2005 There was no evidence to suggest that H(2)O(2) or any other ROI was produced during the tyrosinase-mediated conversion of tyrosine to DOPA (monophenolase activity). Tyrosine 122-130 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 88-98 16392817-1 2006 Tyrosinase is a copper-dependent enzyme which converts l- tyrosine to dopaquinone and is involved in different biological processes such as melanogenesis and skin hyperpigmentation. Tyrosine 55-66 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 16026582-1 2005 Modulation of melanogenesis in the melanocytes can be achieved using chemicals that share structural homologies with the substrate tyrosine and as thus competitively inhibit the catalytic function of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 131-139 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 200-210 15778083-1 2005 The tyrosinase/oxygen enzymatic system catalyses the orthohydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-dopa and the oxidation of this to dopaquinone, which evolves non-enzymatically towards to form melanins. Tyrosine 75-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 15571965-8 2004 Thus, by assessing tyrosinase mRNA in the SLN of melanoma patients, we identified a subgroup with histopathologically negative, but Tyr-RT-PCR-positive SLN who have a high risk of disease relapse. Tyrosine 132-135 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 19-29 15908724-2 2005 It is well known, that melanin is formed from tyrosine by enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosine 46-54 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 65-75 15555584-6 2004 Inhibition of tyrosinase by 6BH(4) occurs in the concentration range of 10(-6)M after preactivation with l-tyrosine and this mechanism uncouples the enzyme reaction producing H(2)O(2) from O(2). Tyrosine 105-115 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 14-24 16046863-6 2005 Finally, the intracellular tyrosine concentration was lowered by overexpression of tyrosinase converting tyrosine to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 27-35 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 16046863-6 2005 Finally, the intracellular tyrosine concentration was lowered by overexpression of tyrosinase converting tyrosine to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 105-113 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 15206795-1 2003 Tyrosine is generally considered to be the physiological precursor of melanins and tyrosinase the enzyme responsible. Tyrosine 0-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 14741765-2 2004 In the case of ACA, the cis form inhibited tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine more strongly than the trans form. Tyrosine 77-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 43-53 12928225-1 2003 BACKGROUND: The reverse transcription-PCR tyrosinase assay (TYR test) cannot reliably detect malignant melanoma (MM) cells in blood as the cells often circulate at low concentrations. Tyrosine 60-63 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 42-52 14577637-5 2003 Anisic acid also inhibited the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by tyrosinase. Tyrosine 48-58 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 72-82 15161941-2 2004 Here, we assessed the role of N-linked glycans in ERAD by monitoring the degradation of wild-type (Tyr) and albino mutant (Tyr(C85S)) tyrosinase. Tyrosine 123-126 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 134-144 15140065-14 2004 Phenolic/catecholic derivatives are structurally similar to the melanin precursor tyrosine, and therefore tyrosinase was originally implicated as a mediator of cytotoxicity. Tyrosine 82-90 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 106-116 15003008-4 2004 On the other hand, the polycondensates inhibited the tyrosine hydroxylation and L-DOPA oxidation by chelation to the active site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 53-61 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 132-142 14646622-2 2003 We have already shown that the serum L-dopa/L-tyrosine ratio (an index of tyrosinase functional activity) correlates with the tumour burden and in some cases predicted disease progression in metastatic melanoma patients. Tyrosine 44-54 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 74-84 12755639-1 2003 Tyrosinase oxidizes tyrosine to dopaquinone, which undergoes nonenzymatic reactions leading to precursors of melanin pigments. Tyrosine 20-28 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 12802729-2 2003 Mushroom tyrosinase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner when treated with kinobeon A using L-tyrosine or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalannine (L-DOPA) as substrates. Tyrosine 114-124 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 9-19 12100495-10 2002 As tyrosinase by itself can generate pigment from tyrosine, it is likely that medullary cells produce melanin de novo. Tyrosine 50-58 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 3-13 12457280-6 2002 Targeted modification of both genes resulted in the ability of the tyrosinase to convert tyrosine to melanin, and in the constitutive activation of the Kit receptor kinase. Tyrosine 89-97 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 67-77 12537404-9 2002 When combined with one intravenous injection of polyhemoglobin-tyrosinase, the systemic tyrosine level can be lowered within one hour. Tyrosine 88-96 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 63-73 12231175-5 2002 When the tyrosinase promoter/enhancer was placed 5" to the E1A gene in the adenoviral backbone, the resulting vector (Ad-Tyr-E1A) was selectively toxic to melanoma cells and one percent as toxic to explants of ovarian cancer cells as the Ad-Lp-E1A vector. Tyrosine 121-124 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 9-19 12069421-2 2002 The reaction was carried out at high enzyme concentrations (700 units tyrosinase/micromol of tyrosine). Tyrosine 93-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 70-80 12444326-3 2002 However, it is now believed that tyrosinase is responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to dopa and of dopa to dopaquinone, and that peroxidase accomplishes the oxidative polymerization of the eventually formed indoles to eumelanin pigments. Tyrosine 81-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 33-43 11124258-0 2001 Proper folding and endoplasmic reticulum to golgi transport of tyrosinase are induced by its substrates, DOPA and tyrosine. Tyrosine 114-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 63-73 11124258-3 2001 Here, we demonstrate that the substrates DOPA and tyrosine induced in melanoma cells a transition of misfolded wild type tyrosinase to the native form that is resistant to proteolysis, competent to exit the endoplasmic reticulum, and able to produce melanin. Tyrosine 50-58 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 121-131 11171088-2 2001 Tyrosinase catalyses the rate-limiting generation of L-dopaquinone from L-tyrosine and is also able to oxidize L-dopa to L-dopaquinone. Tyrosine 72-82 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 11118690-5 2001 Finally, the capacity of tyrosinase immobilization onto swollen beads was about 14 times greater than chitosan flakes, which was reflected by the higher yield of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine from tyrosine and ascorbic acid in the heterogeneous catalytic system. Tyrosine 194-202 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 25-35 10748137-2 2000 The tyrosinase-catalyzed conversion of l-tyrosine to melanin represents the most distinctive biochemical pathway in the ink gland of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation have remained so far largely uncharted. Tyrosine 39-49 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 11153695-7 2000 Tyrosinase promoter activity was significantly up-regulated in RPE cells treated with bFGF, PEDF, verapamil, CT and tyrosine compared with control cells. Tyrosine 116-124 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 10952395-1 2000 Eumelanogenesis and phaeomelanogenesis diverge at an early stage in pigment formation, namely at the point where dopaquinone, the initial product of tyrosine oxidation by tyrosinase, undergoes one of two types of reaction: either (1) a reductive endocyclisation in which a Michael addition of the side-chain amino group takes place; or (2) a reductive addition of cysteine to give cysteinyldopa. Tyrosine 149-157 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 171-181 10823941-4 2000 Toward this end, we analyzed the common albino mouse mutation Tyr(C85S), the frequent human albino substitution TYR(T373K), and the temperature-sensitive tyrosinase TYR(R402Q)/Tyr(H402A) found in humans and mice, respectively. Tyrosine 165-168 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 154-164 10491588-8 1999 Faster kinetics were observed when Dopa was treated with tyrosinase, the enzyme catalysing the oligomerization of tyrosine to melanins, leading to the formation mainly of DHI oligomers. Tyrosine 114-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 57-67 11006597-4 2000 Samples obtained by irradiation of tyrosine solution revealed the formation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) oligomers up to pentamers at 120 min; the reaction kinetics were markedly enhanced in the presence of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 35-43 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 207-217 10931554-0 2000 Tyrosinase-induced cross-linking of tyrosine-containing peptides investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Tyrosine 36-44 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 10931554-1 2000 Tyrosinase-induced oxidation of tyrosine is known to lead to melanin by cross-linking of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and indole-5,6-quinone intermediates. Tyrosine 32-40 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 10931554-2 2000 However, tyrosinase-induced cross-linking of tyrosine-containing peptides has not been reported. Tyrosine 45-53 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 9-19 10931554-3 2000 We observed tyrosinase-induced adducts of tyrosine-containing peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Tyrosine 42-50 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-22 10931554-5 2000 The rate of tyrosinase-induced browning of lys-tyr-lys was about half of that of tyrosine. Tyrosine 81-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-22 10931554-6 2000 These results indicate that tyrosinase-induced browning of tyrosine-containing peptides via direct oxidation and cross-linking of the benzene ring of the tyrosine residue occurs at a significant rate and needs to be considered in melanogenesis. Tyrosine 59-67 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 28-38 10931554-6 2000 These results indicate that tyrosinase-induced browning of tyrosine-containing peptides via direct oxidation and cross-linking of the benzene ring of the tyrosine residue occurs at a significant rate and needs to be considered in melanogenesis. Tyrosine 154-162 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 28-38 10643999-1 1999 One of the important characteristics of tyrosinase is the autocatalytic nature of the oxidation of natural monohydric phenol substrates, such as tyrosine. Tyrosine 145-153 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 40-50 10506262-3 1999 Within the melanocyte, tyrosine is converted to dopa, and then dopaquinone via the bifunctional enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosine 23-31 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 103-113 10454291-5 1999 Phenolic derivatives are structurally similar to tyrosine, the initial substrate of tyrosinase in the biochemical synthesis of melanin. Tyrosine 49-57 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 84-94 10441617-4 1999 Lately, a molecular genetic approach has become possible by the identification of the two mutated copies of the TYR gene, coding the tyrosinase, in which over 60 mutations have been identified. Tyrosine 112-115 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 133-143 10454291-6 1999 Therefore, it has been proposed that phenolic derivatives compete with tyrosine for hydroxylation by tyrosinase and interfere with the completion of melanin synthesis and/or generate cytotoxic intermediates. Tyrosine 71-79 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 101-111 10454291-7 1999 Our results demonstrated that 4-TBP competitively inhibited both tyrosine hydroxylase and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) oxidase activities of tyrosinase, i.e., the first two catalytic steps in the biochemical conversion of tyrosine to melanin in cultured human melanocytes. Tyrosine 65-73 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 142-152 10212263-6 1999 However, the properties of this di-leucine-based signal were distinguished from that of CD3gamma by overexpression studies; overexpression of the tyrosinase signal, but not the well characterized CD3gamma signal, induced a 4-fold enlargement of late endosomes and lysosomes and interfered with endosomal sorting mediated by both tyrosine- and other di-leucine-based signals. Tyrosine 329-337 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 146-156 9843160-0 1998 Dopamine, in the presence of tyrosinase, covalently modifies and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine 77-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 29-39 10576599-6 1999 The kinetic analysis for inhibition of tyrosinase revealed a competitive nature of GCG with this enzyme for the L-tyrosine binding at the active site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 112-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 39-49 10576599-6 1999 The kinetic analysis for inhibition of tyrosinase revealed a competitive nature of GCG with this enzyme for the L-tyrosine binding at the active site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 112-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 153-163 9843160-5 1998 The present studies demonstrated that dopamine quinone, the formation of which was enhanced through the activity of the melanin biosynthetic enzyme, tyrosinase, covalently modified and inactivated tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine 197-205 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 149-159 9029814-1 1996 The various theories put forward to explain the characteristic lag kinetics of oxidation of L-tyrosine by tyrosinase a rate regulatory step in the biosynthesis of melanin are reviewed Examination of the evidence in the literature and from experiments in the author"s laboratory indicate that one of the hypotheses, that is, competition of tyrosine and dopa for met-tyrosinase and the formation of a dead-end complex of met-enzyme with tyrosine as explanation for lag kinetics is not consistent with available information. Tyrosine 92-102 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 106-116 9451820-4 1997 The critical step in melanin biogenesis is the oxidation of tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosine 60-68 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 9029814-1 1996 The various theories put forward to explain the characteristic lag kinetics of oxidation of L-tyrosine by tyrosinase a rate regulatory step in the biosynthesis of melanin are reviewed Examination of the evidence in the literature and from experiments in the author"s laboratory indicate that one of the hypotheses, that is, competition of tyrosine and dopa for met-tyrosinase and the formation of a dead-end complex of met-enzyme with tyrosine as explanation for lag kinetics is not consistent with available information. Tyrosine 92-102 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 365-375 9029814-1 1996 The various theories put forward to explain the characteristic lag kinetics of oxidation of L-tyrosine by tyrosinase a rate regulatory step in the biosynthesis of melanin are reviewed Examination of the evidence in the literature and from experiments in the author"s laboratory indicate that one of the hypotheses, that is, competition of tyrosine and dopa for met-tyrosinase and the formation of a dead-end complex of met-enzyme with tyrosine as explanation for lag kinetics is not consistent with available information. Tyrosine 94-102 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 106-116 9029814-1 1996 The various theories put forward to explain the characteristic lag kinetics of oxidation of L-tyrosine by tyrosinase a rate regulatory step in the biosynthesis of melanin are reviewed Examination of the evidence in the literature and from experiments in the author"s laboratory indicate that one of the hypotheses, that is, competition of tyrosine and dopa for met-tyrosinase and the formation of a dead-end complex of met-enzyme with tyrosine as explanation for lag kinetics is not consistent with available information. Tyrosine 94-102 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 365-375 9029814-1 1996 The various theories put forward to explain the characteristic lag kinetics of oxidation of L-tyrosine by tyrosinase a rate regulatory step in the biosynthesis of melanin are reviewed Examination of the evidence in the literature and from experiments in the author"s laboratory indicate that one of the hypotheses, that is, competition of tyrosine and dopa for met-tyrosinase and the formation of a dead-end complex of met-enzyme with tyrosine as explanation for lag kinetics is not consistent with available information. Tyrosine 339-347 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 106-116 9029814-2 1996 The alternative hypothesis that tyrosinase is an allosteric enzyme with tyrosine having negative effector site on the enzyme and dopa competing for it as an explanation for lag kinetics of tyrosinase is not yet disproved. Tyrosine 72-80 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 32-42 9029814-2 1996 The alternative hypothesis that tyrosinase is an allosteric enzyme with tyrosine having negative effector site on the enzyme and dopa competing for it as an explanation for lag kinetics of tyrosinase is not yet disproved. Tyrosine 72-80 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 189-199 8618053-2 1996 Type I oculocutaneous albinism is caused by mutations in the tyrosinase structural gene, TYR; however, no large TYR gene deletions have been identified previously in humans. Tyrosine 89-92 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 61-71 8530077-1 1995 The structures of the human tyrosinase-related protein genes TYRP1 and TYRP2 have been determined and compared with that of the tyrosinase gene (TYR). Tyrosine 61-64 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 28-38 8857672-1 1996 Tyrosinase isolated from cultured human melanoma cells was studied for tyrosine oxygenation activity. Tyrosine 71-79 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 7659677-2 1995 In this study the two melanin monomers are shown to inhibit with different efficacy the initial, tyrosinase-controlled, melanogenic reaction, namely conversion of L-tyrosine to DOPAchrome (2-carboxy-2,3-dihydroindole-5,6-quinone). Tyrosine 163-173 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 97-107 7659677-5 1995 DHI inhibits both activities of tyrosinase--tyrosine-hydroxylation and DOPA-oxidation--more strongly than DHICA. Tyrosine 44-52 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 32-42 8632348-7 1996 The utilization of L-tyrosine or L-dopa as the substrate suggests a mechanism involving competition with arbutin for the L-tyrosine binding site at the active site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 19-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 167-177 8632348-7 1996 The utilization of L-tyrosine or L-dopa as the substrate suggests a mechanism involving competition with arbutin for the L-tyrosine binding site at the active site of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 121-131 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 167-177 8578949-5 1995 Whereas the oxidation of L-dopa catalysed by tyrosinase ws inhibited by L-tyrosine, the non-specific oxidation of D-dopa was not. Tyrosine 72-82 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 7826365-4 1995 6-BH4 controls tyrosinase activity by an uncompetitive mechanism requiring the presence of L-tyrosine for effective down-regulation. Tyrosine 91-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 15-25 7826365-5 1995 When L-dopa is substrate, 6-BH4 does not inhibit the enzyme implicating separate binding sites for L-dopa and L-tyrosine on tyrosinase. Tyrosine 110-120 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 124-134 18965738-0 1993 Flow-injection determination of l-tyrosine in serum with immobilized tyrosinase. Tyrosine 32-42 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 69-79 7886002-1 1994 Although melanins can be formed in vitro by the unique action of tyrosinase on L-tyrosine, it is now well accepted that other enzymes termed tyrosinase-related proteins are involved in mammalian melanogenesis. Tyrosine 79-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 65-75 7886002-1 1994 Although melanins can be formed in vitro by the unique action of tyrosinase on L-tyrosine, it is now well accepted that other enzymes termed tyrosinase-related proteins are involved in mammalian melanogenesis. Tyrosine 79-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 141-151 8204666-1 1994 Patients with the depigmentation disorder vitiligo lack the capacity to synthesize the melanins from L-tyrosine via the essential activity of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 101-111 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 142-152 8248014-3 1993 Tyrosinase is a highly unusual enzyme in that it apparently catalyses two processes, i.e., the oxidation of tyrosine and the dehydrogenation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa), at the same active site. Tyrosine 108-116 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 8129415-6 1994 Mutation of the P gene encoding the tyrosine-transporting membrane protein probably occurs in tyrosinase-positive OCA (type II). Tyrosine 36-44 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 94-104 8216233-1 1993 The effect of ascorbic acid on the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase, using tyrosine as substrate, has been studied. Tyrosine 79-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 61-71 18965738-2 1993 The method involves the conversion of tyrosine into dopaquinone by reaction of tyrosinase, followed by derivation of the dopaquinone with fluorogenic agent 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine. Tyrosine 38-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 79-89 8507669-6 1993 On the basis of these results, it is proposed that the influence of ferrous ions on tyrosinase is due to the formation of dopa in the chemical hydroxylation of tyrosine. Tyrosine 160-168 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 84-94 8234203-2 1993 In humans, the tyrosinase gene (TYR) maps to the long arm of chromosome 11 at band q14-->q21, while a tyrosinase related gene (TYRL) maps to the short arm of chromosome 11 at p11.2-->cen. Tyrosine 32-35 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 15-25 8234203-4 1993 In an attempt to understand the evolution of the human tyrosinase gene, we have analyzed TYR and TYRL in primates and have found that exons IV and V of the chimpanzee and gorilla TYR are very similar to the human, with the gorilla sequence being more similar than the chimpanzee. Tyrosine 89-92 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 55-65 8234203-4 1993 In an attempt to understand the evolution of the human tyrosinase gene, we have analyzed TYR and TYRL in primates and have found that exons IV and V of the chimpanzee and gorilla TYR are very similar to the human, with the gorilla sequence being more similar than the chimpanzee. Tyrosine 97-100 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 55-65 1429711-1 1992 Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 164-172 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 1476926-2 1992 An electron microscopic tyrosine incubation test and a DOPA reaction test clearly demonstrated the presence of tyrosinase activity in the patient"s hypopigmented skin. Tyrosine 24-32 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 111-121 8433013-3 1993 This study proposed to undertake a systemic approach to the chemotherapy of malignant melanoma based upon the uniqueness of pigment-cell metabolic pathway pertaining to conversion of tyrosine and dopa with subsequent formation of melanin by tyrosinase and its related enzymes. Tyrosine 183-191 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 241-251 1337996-2 1992 A recent study of a range of alkoxy- and alkylthio-phenol analogues of tyrosine has shown that sulphur-containing compounds exhibit different behaviour to that of similar oxygen-containing compounds, indicating modified reactivities of their corresponding tyrosinase-induced o-quinones towards crucial cellular targets, in particular, thiols. Tyrosine 71-79 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 256-266 1429711-5 1992 The tyrosine hydroxylase activity of normal tyrosinase is thermostable, whereas its dopa oxidase and DHI oxidase activities are temperature-sensitive. Tyrosine 4-12 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 44-54 1283999-4 1992 As the first step in the study of the evolution of the regulatory mechanisms for tyrosinase gene function in vertebrates, we constructed a fused gene, hg-Tyrs-J, which includes a 1.0-kb 5" flanking sequence of the human tyrosinase gene fused with mouse tyrosinase cDNA. Tyrosine 154-158 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 81-91 1740428-9 1992 This low value explains the lower catalytic efficiency of tyrosinase on tyrosine than on dopa, (VmaxT/KmT)/(VmaxD/KmD) congruent to (2/3)R, since a significant portion of tyrosinase is scavenged from the catalytic turnover as dead-end complex EmetT in the steady-state of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 72-80 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 58-68 1321344-2 1992 Melanogenesis, a process unique to melanocytes that involves the processing of tyrosine by a number of melanocyte-specific enzymes, including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), occurs only after differentiation from the melanocyte precursor, the melanoblast. Tyrosine 79-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 142-152 1740428-9 1992 This low value explains the lower catalytic efficiency of tyrosinase on tyrosine than on dopa, (VmaxT/KmT)/(VmaxD/KmD) congruent to (2/3)R, since a significant portion of tyrosinase is scavenged from the catalytic turnover as dead-end complex EmetT in the steady-state of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 72-80 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 171-181 1740428-9 1992 This low value explains the lower catalytic efficiency of tyrosinase on tyrosine than on dopa, (VmaxT/KmT)/(VmaxD/KmD) congruent to (2/3)R, since a significant portion of tyrosinase is scavenged from the catalytic turnover as dead-end complex EmetT in the steady-state of the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 72-80 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 171-181 1906272-1 1991 Melanin biosynthesis is a multistep process with the first step being the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-Dopa catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosine 88-98 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 133-143 1653610-4 1991 Hydrogen peroxide was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase when L-tyrosine was the substrate. Tyrosine 77-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 61-71 1817676-2 1991 o-Hydroxylation of the tyrosine residue with tyrosinase in the presence of ascorbic acid, followed by oxidation to the corresponding quinone by potassium ferricyanide at room temperature and condensation with 1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane in the presence of acetonitrile gave a highly fluorescent species. Tyrosine 23-31 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 1899343-2 1991 In an attempt to get some insight into the molecular mechanism of the depigmenting action, which is still very poorly understood, we have investigated the effect of HQ on the tyrosinase catalysed conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Tyrosine 210-218 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 175-185 1899343-3 1991 Incubation of 0.5 mM tyrosine with 0.07 U/ml tyrosinase in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 in the presence of 0.5 mM HQ led to no detectable melanin formation, due to the preferential oxidation of HQ with respect to tyrosine (HPLC evidence). Tyrosine 21-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 1899343-3 1991 Incubation of 0.5 mM tyrosine with 0.07 U/ml tyrosinase in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8 in the presence of 0.5 mM HQ led to no detectable melanin formation, due to the preferential oxidation of HQ with respect to tyrosine (HPLC evidence). Tyrosine 211-219 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 1899343-4 1991 Kinetic investigations showed that HQ is a poorer substrate of tyrosinase than tyrosine; yet, it may be effectively oxidised in the presence of tyrosine owing to the generation of catalytic amounts of dopa acting as cofactor of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 144-152 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 63-73 1899343-4 1991 Kinetic investigations showed that HQ is a poorer substrate of tyrosinase than tyrosine; yet, it may be effectively oxidised in the presence of tyrosine owing to the generation of catalytic amounts of dopa acting as cofactor of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 144-152 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 228-238 1899343-6 1991 These results suggest that the depigmenting activity of HQ may partly be related to the ability of the compound to act as an alternate substrate of tyrosinase, thereby competing for tyrosine oxidation in active melanocytes. Tyrosine 182-190 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 148-158 2124140-4 1990 At a concentration of 0.5 mM, TU was found to totally inhibit melanin formation by tyrosinase catalyzed oxidation of 0.25 mM tyrosine in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Tyrosine 125-133 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 2124140-6 1990 HPLC and TLC analysis of the tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction in the presence of excess TU showed that the substrate is progressively consumed and a major hitherto unknown product (lambda max = 284 nm), positive to ninhydrin and ferric chloride, is concomitantly formed. Tyrosine 29-37 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 38-48 2124140-8 1990 These results suggest that selective TU incorporation in pigmented melanomas and other melanin-producing systems is due to the covalent binding to dopaquinone, produced by tyrosinase catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine. Tyrosine 206-214 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 172-182 2124140-3 1990 In an attempt to fill this gap, we have investigated the effect of TU on the tyrosinase catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine. Tyrosine 111-119 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 77-87 2128188-2 1990 Tyrosinase oxidized tyrosine aromatic nuclei, causing intermolecular crosslinking reactions, which have been assigned by the absorption band at around 360 nm. Tyrosine 20-28 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 2121652-2 1990 The sulphur homologue of tyrosine, 4-S-cysteinylphenol (CP) and its decarboxylation product, 4-S-cysteaminylphenol (CAP) were shown to be substrates of melanoma tyrosinase, forming melanin-like pigment. Tyrosine 25-33 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 161-171 2127180-1 1990 Phosphonic acid and phosphinic acid analogues of tyrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) were found to influence tyrosinase activity, thus being potential regulators of melanization in mammalian cells. Tyrosine 49-57 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 120-130 30081668-0 2018 Isotope effects in the tyrosinase catalysed hydroxylation of l-tyrosine methyl derivatives. Tyrosine 61-71 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 23-33 1973189-1 1990 Tyrosinase activity was assayed in black and white human foreskin samples by measuring both the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase activity) and the conversion of [14C]tyrosine to [14C]melanin (melanin synthesis assay). Tyrosine 113-121 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 1973189-1 1990 Tyrosinase activity was assayed in black and white human foreskin samples by measuring both the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dopa (tyrosine hydroxylase activity) and the conversion of [14C]tyrosine to [14C]melanin (melanin synthesis assay). Tyrosine 131-139 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 1973189-8 1990 Kinetic analysis of tyrosinase from black and white foreskin revealed a Km for tyrosine of 2.5 X 10(-4) M in both skin types. Tyrosine 79-87 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 20-30 1969915-4 1990 The unexpected increase of DOPA (progressively more converted toward DOPA sulfate) in the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition and increase in tyrosine may result from channeling the excess tyrosine toward DOPA and melanin through tyrosinase. Tyrosine 150-158 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 238-248 2114832-4 1990 Therefore, the weak inhibitory action of azelaic acid on tyrosinase appears to be due to the competition of a single carboxylate group on this inhibitor for the alpha-carboxylate binding site of the L-tyrosine substrate on the enzyme active site. Tyrosine 199-209 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 57-67 33804376-1 2021 Tyrosinase is a copper-containing monooxygenase catalyzing the O-hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine then to dopaquinone that is profoundly involved in melanin synthesis in eukaryotes. Tyrosine 82-90 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 30081668-2 2018 The kinetic and solvent deuterium isotope effects on Vmax and Vmax/Km parameters of tyrosinase in its action on methylated derivatives of l-tyrosine were determined using the non-competitive spectrophotometric method. Tyrosine 138-148 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 84-94 34771072-3 2021 Copper nanoparticles (Tyr-Cu(II)-AEEA NPs) were synthesized via the reaction of tyrosinase with N-aminoethylethanolamine to produce Cu(II)-NPs and these were characterized by means of FT-IR, UV-Spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM and a particle size analyzer. Tyrosine 22-25 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 80-90 34882402-2 2022 Herein, we identified S05014 (l-Tyr, IC50 = 6.25 +- 1.43 nM; l-Dopa, IC50 = 0.64 +- 0.40 muM) as a highly effective tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosine 30-35 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 116-126 34815036-11 2022 In the presence of oxygen and TYR, hydroxylation of l-tyrosine occurred, leading to the reduction of silver ion on the surface of gold cores. Tyrosine 52-62 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 30-33 34382787-3 2021 Early publications utilizing tyrosinase fromAgaricus bisporus(abTYR) showed the potential to convert tyrosine residues into ortho-quinone functional groups, but this enzyme is challenging to produce recombinantly and suffers from some limitations in substrate scope. Tyrosine 101-109 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 29-39 34498463-1 2021 In living organisms, tyrosinase selectively produces l-DOPA from l-tyrosine. Tyrosine 65-75 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 21-31 34498463-2 2021 Here, a bicomponent hydrogel is used as a template for tyrosinase-catalyzed selective generation of l-DOPA from tyrosine. Tyrosine 112-120 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 55-65 34140181-1 2021 A series of aryl phenoxy methyl triazole conjugated with thiosemicarbazides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibitory activities in the presence of l-dopa and l-tyrosine as substrates. Tyrosine 191-201 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 128-138 34140181-3 2021 Among the derivatives, compound 9j bearing benzyl displayed exceptionally high potency against tyrosinase with IC50 value of 0.11 muM and 0.17 muM in the presence of l-tyrosine and l-dopa as substrates which is significantly lower than that of kojic acid as the positive control with an IC50 value of 9.28 muM for l-tyrosine and 9.30 muM for l-dopa. Tyrosine 166-176 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 95-105 34140181-3 2021 Among the derivatives, compound 9j bearing benzyl displayed exceptionally high potency against tyrosinase with IC50 value of 0.11 muM and 0.17 muM in the presence of l-tyrosine and l-dopa as substrates which is significantly lower than that of kojic acid as the positive control with an IC50 value of 9.28 muM for l-tyrosine and 9.30 muM for l-dopa. Tyrosine 314-324 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 95-105 34360537-1 2021 Human tyrosinase (Tyr) is a glycoenzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in melanin production, and its gene (TYR) is mutated in many cases of oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1). Tyrosine 125-128 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 6-16 35500310-5 2022 In alkaline boric acid (BA) buffer, L-tyrosine is converted into BA-levodopa by TYR monophenolase. Tyrosine 36-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 80-83 34193119-10 2021 Tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) were considered as hub genes and enriched in tyrosine metabolism which dominate the process of melanogenesis. Tyrosine 133-141 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 34193119-10 2021 Tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) were considered as hub genes and enriched in tyrosine metabolism which dominate the process of melanogenesis. Tyrosine 133-141 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-15 2517578-1 1989 Tyrosinase activity was tested on some tyrosine-containing peptides (enkephalins and exorphins). Tyrosine 39-47 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 35204163-1 2022 Tyrosinase, a metalloenzyme containing a dicopper cofactor, plays a central role in synthesizing melanin from tyrosine. Tyrosine 110-118 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 35332614-0 2022 Development of Universal and Clickable Film by Mimicking Melanogenesis: On-Demand Oxidation of Tyrosine-Based Azido Derivative by Tyrosinase. Tyrosine 95-103 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 130-140 35024592-3 2022 Herein, high-performance tyrosinase-sensing field-effect transistor-based biosensors (bio-FETs) have been successfully achieved by self-assembling nanostructured tetrapeptide tryptophan-valine-phenylalanine-tyrosine (WVFY) on n-type metal oxide transistors. Tyrosine 207-215 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 25-35 2517578-2 1989 All they are substrates for tyrosinase, showing a good affinity for the enzyme, in some cases higher than tyrosine itself. Tyrosine 106-114 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 28-38 2495799-1 1989 The potential use of 4-hydroxyanisole as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malignant melanoma led us to investigate the kinetics of oxidation of this tyrosine analogue by tyrosinase. Tyrosine 161-169 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 182-192 2517246-1 1989 The oxidation of tyrosine by monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase: EC 1.10.3.1) to melanin has been studied by a combination of ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Tyrosine 17-25 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 29-53 2517246-1 1989 The oxidation of tyrosine by monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase: EC 1.10.3.1) to melanin has been studied by a combination of ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Tyrosine 17-25 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 55-65 3101741-2 1987 A kinetic model has been proposed for the overall pathway of melanization from L-tyrosine to dopachrome; it explains the lag period present during the dopachrome accumulation as well as the influence of L-tyrosine and tyrosinase over this lag period. Tyrosine 79-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 203-228 2497446-1 1989 The lag in cresolase activity and inhibition by excess tyrosine of mushroom tyrosinase which was observed when assayed at pH 6.8 was found to be absent when assayed at pH 5.0. Tyrosine 55-63 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 76-86 2497446-2 1989 The absence of lag and inhibition by excess tyrosine of tyrosinase at pH 5.0 were brought about only after the enzyme was kept at pH 5.0, at 0-4 degrees C, for 1.5 h. The enzyme kept at pH 5.0 for 1.5-3 h at 0-4 degrees C when brought back to pH 6.8, acquires lag and inhibition by excess tyrosine when its activity was measured at pH 6.8. Tyrosine 44-52 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 56-66 2497446-2 1989 The absence of lag and inhibition by excess tyrosine of tyrosinase at pH 5.0 were brought about only after the enzyme was kept at pH 5.0, at 0-4 degrees C, for 1.5 h. The enzyme kept at pH 5.0 for 1.5-3 h at 0-4 degrees C when brought back to pH 6.8, acquires lag and inhibition by excess tyrosine when its activity was measured at pH 6.8. Tyrosine 289-297 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 56-66 3108414-9 1987 Tyrosine positivity, an indicator of enhanced tyrosinase activity and increased melanin formation, was absent in controls and at day 1, and became positive in all but one sample at day 7 and day 14. Tyrosine 0-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 2903772-3 1988 (a) The reaction of the thiol groups with dopaquinone after the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine and dopa. Tyrosine 98-106 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 64-74 3146546-3 1988 A recently isolated human tyrosinase cDNA was used to map the human tyrosinase locus (TYR) to chromosome 11, region q14----q21, by Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA and by in situ chromosomal hybridization. Tyrosine 86-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 26-36 3146546-3 1988 A recently isolated human tyrosinase cDNA was used to map the human tyrosinase locus (TYR) to chromosome 11, region q14----q21, by Southern blot analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA and by in situ chromosomal hybridization. Tyrosine 86-89 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 68-78 2907130-1 1988 This work describes a comparative study of the tyrosinase activity determined using three methods which are the most extensively employed; two radiometric assays using L-tyrosine as substrate (tyrosine hydroxylase and melanin formation activities) and one spectrophotometric assay using L-dopa (dopa oxidase activity). Tyrosine 168-178 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 47-57 2907130-4 1988 The results show that mammalian tyrosinase has a greater turnover number for L-dopa than for L-tyrosine. Tyrosine 93-103 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 32-42 2907130-6 1988 Moreover, the percentage of hydroxylated L-tyrosine that is converted into melanin is low and is affected by several factors, apparently decreasing the tyrosinase activity measured by the melanin formation assay. Tyrosine 41-51 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 152-162 2869525-2 1985 In vertebrates tyrosinase is present only in specialized cells (melanocytes), where it catalyses the oxidation of tyrosine and certain diphenolic intermediate products to quinones which polymerize to give rise to melanin. Tyrosine 114-122 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 15-25 2869525-4 1985 Certain analogues of tyrosine are oxidized by tyrosinase generating reactive orthoquinones with cytotoxic potential. Tyrosine 21-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 3927896-0 1985 Effect of metal ions on the kinetics of tyrosine oxidation catalysed by tyrosinase. Tyrosine 40-48 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 72-82 3927896-1 1985 The conversion of tyrosine into dopa [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine] is the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of melanins catalysed by tyrosinase. Tyrosine 18-26 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 141-151 2408419-3 1985 The rate of oxygenation of 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl-D,L-alanine was similar to that of L-tyrosine, the normal substrate of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 82-92 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 118-128 6203305-5 1984 Dopa and/or tyrosine protects tyrosinase against inactivation by cysteine. Tyrosine 12-20 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 30-40 18551654-1 1984 Frog epidermis tyrosinase has been immobilized on Enzacryl-AA (a polyacrylamide-based support) and CPG(zirclad)-Arylamine (a controlled pore glass support) in order to stabilize the tyrosine hydroxylase activity of the enzyme; in this way, the immobilized enzyme could be used to synthesize L-dopa from L-tyrosine. Tyrosine 303-313 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 15-25 6435545-10 1984 These results show that the uptake of tyrosine as determined by this experimental method is dependent on the presence of melanocytes and tyrosinase, is quantitatively related to the level of tyrosinase activity, and appears to be a metabolic process. Tyrosine 38-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 137-147 6435545-10 1984 These results show that the uptake of tyrosine as determined by this experimental method is dependent on the presence of melanocytes and tyrosinase, is quantitatively related to the level of tyrosinase activity, and appears to be a metabolic process. Tyrosine 38-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 191-201 6410161-2 1983 The enzyme tyrosinase oxidizes tyrosine to DOPA and also catalizes the oxidation of DOPA to Melanin. Tyrosine 31-39 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 11-21 6882187-3 1983 The body is unable to make melanin (a compound derived from the metabolism of tyrosine) due to the functional absence of the enzyme tyrosinase. Tyrosine 78-86 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 132-142 405430-3 1977 The ultrastructural localization of tyrosinase, the enzyme which converts tyrosine and dopa into melanin, was determined in 13 human melanoma cell lines. Tyrosine 74-82 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 36-46 6810464-1 1982 The biosynthesis of melanin is initiated by the catalytic oxidation of tyrosine to dopa by tyrosinase in a reaction that requires dopa as a cofactor. Tyrosine 71-79 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 91-101 6799584-6 1982 Tyrosinase from the normal and vitiligo skin was inhibited by excess concentration of tyrosine. Tyrosine 86-94 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 6799584-8 1982 The rate of tyrosine incorporation into melanin by the epidermal homogenates is increased by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) disproportionate to its effect on tyrosinase activity. Tyrosine 12-20 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 161-171 6780470-4 1980 The results obtained suggest that immobilized tyrosinase within artificial cells is efficient in removing tyrosine in vitro and further study in an animal model is feasible. Tyrosine 106-114 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 6198834-0 1983 Dopa oxidation and tyrosine oxygenation by human melanoma tyrosinase. Tyrosine 19-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 58-68 6775084-8 1980 TBC and hydroquinone are inhibitors of tyrosinase at concentrations higher than 1 x 10(-3) M. Dopa and tyrosine alter tyrosinase activity in the second step of melanogenesis in the same manner that has been reported to occur in the first step-conversion of tyrosine to dopa. Tyrosine 103-111 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 39-49 6775084-8 1980 TBC and hydroquinone are inhibitors of tyrosinase at concentrations higher than 1 x 10(-3) M. Dopa and tyrosine alter tyrosinase activity in the second step of melanogenesis in the same manner that has been reported to occur in the first step-conversion of tyrosine to dopa. Tyrosine 103-111 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 118-128 6775084-8 1980 TBC and hydroquinone are inhibitors of tyrosinase at concentrations higher than 1 x 10(-3) M. Dopa and tyrosine alter tyrosinase activity in the second step of melanogenesis in the same manner that has been reported to occur in the first step-conversion of tyrosine to dopa. Tyrosine 257-265 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 39-49 6775084-8 1980 TBC and hydroquinone are inhibitors of tyrosinase at concentrations higher than 1 x 10(-3) M. Dopa and tyrosine alter tyrosinase activity in the second step of melanogenesis in the same manner that has been reported to occur in the first step-conversion of tyrosine to dopa. Tyrosine 257-265 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 118-128 6163271-1 1980 Oxidation of tyrosine or dopa by tyrosinase leads to the formation of 5-OH-dopa, a compound previously unknown in melanogenesis. Tyrosine 13-21 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 33-43 118309-2 1979 They have characteristic organelles, the melanosomes, which are formed from tyrosine in a reaction catalyzed by tyrosinase. Tyrosine 76-84 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 112-122 825109-9 1976 Further, dopa appears to act as a positive allosteric effector for tyrosine hydroxylation by tyrosinase, in addition to its known activity as a hydrogen donor for the reaction. Tyrosine 67-75 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 93-103 407026-1 1977 alpha-Hydrazinophloretic acid, the hydrazino analogue of tyrosine, was shown to behave as a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 57-65 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 117-127 825109-3 1976 Melanosomal tyrosinase was isolated from normal C57B1 mice, and a comparison of the tyrosine-hydroxylation and dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-oxidation activities of this enzyme was made. Tyrosine 84-92 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-22 826428-0 1976 Metabolism of tyrosine by Microspira tyrosinatica: a new intermediate [2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (6-hydroxydopa)] in the tyrosinase reaction. Tyrosine 14-22 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 125-135 4987505-0 1970 The role of peroxidase vs. the role of tyrosinase in enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to melanin in melanocytes, mast cells and eosinophils. Tyrosine 77-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 39-49 4634082-0 1973 Tyrosinase in the presumptive pigment cells of ascidian embryos: tyrosine accessibility may initiate melanin synthesis. Tyrosine 65-73 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 234308-0 1975 Assay of L-tyrosine in serum by amperometric measurement of tyrosinase-catalyzed oxygen consumption. Tyrosine 9-19 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 60-70 234308-1 1975 A new enzymatic method for rapid direct measurement of serum tyrosine is described, based on the amperometric measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption when tyrosine is oxidized in the presence of the enzyme tyrosinase in a phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/liter, pH 7.4). Tyrosine 61-69 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 212-222 234308-1 1975 A new enzymatic method for rapid direct measurement of serum tyrosine is described, based on the amperometric measurement of the rate of oxygen consumption when tyrosine is oxidized in the presence of the enzyme tyrosinase in a phosphate buffer (0.1 mol/liter, pH 7.4). Tyrosine 161-169 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 212-222 16744361-0 1930 The tyrosinase-tyrosine reaction: The action of tyrosinase on certain substances related to tyrosine. Tyrosine 15-23 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 14861225-0 1951 Mammalian tyrosinase; action on substances structurally related to tyrosine. Tyrosine 67-75 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 10-20 16746558-0 1937 A comparative study of the production of l-3:4-dihydroxyphenylalanine from tyrosine by tyrosinase from various sources. Tyrosine 75-83 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 87-97 6067667-0 1967 Differential reactivities of tyrosine residues of proteins to tyrosinase. Tyrosine 29-37 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 62-72 4966404-2 1967 Action of tyrosinase on the phosphonic analogue of tyrosine]. Tyrosine 51-59 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 10-20 5871805-0 1964 Tyrosine hydroxylation catalyzed by mammalian tyrosinase: an improved method of assay. Tyrosine 0-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 13182442-0 1954 [Detection of tyrosinase in normal and diseased pigment cells of the skin by means of radioactive tyrosine; original slide method; its applications in diagnosis of malignant melanoma]. Tyrosine 98-106 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 14-24 16744361-0 1930 The tyrosinase-tyrosine reaction: The action of tyrosinase on certain substances related to tyrosine. Tyrosine 15-23 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 48-58 16743641-0 1926 The Tyrosinase-Tyrosine Reaction: Note on the Identity of Tyrosinase from Different Sources. Tyrosine 15-23 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 16743641-0 1926 The Tyrosinase-Tyrosine Reaction: Note on the Identity of Tyrosinase from Different Sources. Tyrosine 15-23 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 58-68 16744361-0 1930 The tyrosinase-tyrosine reaction: The action of tyrosinase on certain substances related to tyrosine. Tyrosine 92-100 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 16744361-0 1930 The tyrosinase-tyrosine reaction: The action of tyrosinase on certain substances related to tyrosine. Tyrosine 92-100 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 48-58 16743479-0 1925 The Tyrosinase-Tyrosine Reaction. Tyrosine 15-23 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 33827045-5 2021 Laccase, tyrosinase, and protein disulfide isomerase form cross-links between tyrosine and cysteine residues by generating radicals. Tyrosine 78-86 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 9-19 16743592-0 1925 Tyrosinase, its Action on Phenols, Tyrosine and other Amino-Acids. Tyrosine 35-43 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 13219525-0 1954 [Study on the mechanism of oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase]. Tyrosine 40-48 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 52-62 32729488-1 2020 We present a tyrosinase-conjugated zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Tyr/ZnO-rGO) nanocomposite system as a biosensing test-bed for rapid and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA). Tyrosine 70-73 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 13-23 33517217-1 2021 Tyrosinase is the key enzyme for melanogenesis with both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-DOPA and the further oxidation of DOPA, respectively. Tyrosine 143-151 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 33517217-6 2021 The time course for consumption of tyrosine was established by monitoring the tyrosine fluorescence intensity at discrete intervals of 30 s. Calibration curve between monophenolase activity and tyrosinase concentration with range from 0.1830 U mL-1 to 1.7034 U mL-1, and LOD of 0.0721 U mL-1. Tyrosine 35-43 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-204 33572795-5 2021 The large contact area promotes electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface, resulting in a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 2.7 x 10-6 M for tyrosinase immobilized onto AgNWs (AgNWs-Tyr), which is one order of magnitude lower than the LOD of 3.2 x 10-5 M) obtained using tyrosinase immobilized onto silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-Tyr). Tyrosine 197-200 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 156-166 33159571-1 2021 Tyrosinase is the key enzyme for the metabolism of tyrosine and inherently comprises both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity. Tyrosine 51-59 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 33308130-3 2021 Melanin synthesis starts via the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) catalyzed by the enzyme known as tyrosinase (TYR), which triggers further conversion reaction to DOPAquinone and then to DOPAchrome. Tyrosine 50-60 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 133-143 33308130-3 2021 Melanin synthesis starts via the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) catalyzed by the enzyme known as tyrosinase (TYR), which triggers further conversion reaction to DOPAquinone and then to DOPAchrome. Tyrosine 50-60 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 145-148 32729488-2 2020 The bioelectrodes (Tyr/ZnO-rGO/ITO) were designed by covalently immobilizing tyrosinase enzyme on spin-coated films of ZnO-rGO nanocomposite prepared via self-assembly approach. Tyrosine 19-22 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 77-87 32640730-1 2020 Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Tyrosine 197-207 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 32999931-2 2020 Herein we show that the enzyme tyrosinase is capable of oxidizing exposed tyrosine residues into o-quinones that react rapidly with cysteine residues on target proteins. Tyrosine 74-82 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 31-41 32776353-0 2021 Study of tyrosine and dopa enantiomers as tyrosinase substrates initiating L- and D-melanogenesis pathways. Tyrosine 9-17 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 42-52 32776353-1 2021 Tyrosinase starts melanogenesis and determines its course, catalysing the oxidation by molecular oxygen of tyrosine to dopa, and that of dopa to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 107-115 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 32776353-4 2021 The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (L-tyrosine and D-tyrosine) and dopa (L-dopa and D-dopa) were studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Tyrosine 47-55 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 14-24 32776353-4 2021 The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (L-tyrosine and D-tyrosine) and dopa (L-dopa and D-dopa) were studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Tyrosine 57-67 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 14-24 32640730-1 2020 Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Tyrosine 197-207 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 12-15 32640730-1 2020 Tyrosinase (TYR) is a metalloenzyme classified as a type-3 copper protein, which is involved in the synthesis of melanin through a catalytic process beginning with the conversion of the amino acid l-Tyrosine (l-Tyr) to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA). Tyrosine 197-207 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-3 31692175-1 2020 A previously introduced tyrosinase-activated polymerization of Tyr- and Cys-bearing peptides yielding artificial mussel-glue proteins is realized without the need of the specific enzyme by a chemical activation route. Tyrosine 63-66 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 24-34 32204589-0 2020 Continuous Fluorometric Method for Determining the Monophenolase Activity of Tyrosinase on L-Tyrosine, through Quenching L-DOPA Fluorescence by Borate. Tyrosine 91-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 77-87 31077608-0 2020 Tyrosinase immunohistochemistry can be employed for the diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours of the tyrosinase subgroup (ATRT-TYR). Tyrosine 137-140 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 31077608-0 2020 Tyrosinase immunohistochemistry can be employed for the diagnosis of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours of the tyrosinase subgroup (ATRT-TYR). Tyrosine 137-140 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 111-121 32093466-0 2020 Tyrosinase-Mediated Oxidative Coupling of Tyrosine Tags on Peptides and Proteins. Tyrosine 42-50 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 32093466-6 2020 We also introduce a new bacterial tyrosinase enzyme that shows improved activation for some tyrosine substrates. Tyrosine 92-100 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 34-44 31872821-1 2020 Tyrosinase is a key enzyme that has long been considered as a biomarker for melanoma as it catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine and l-DOPA in melanogenesis. Tyrosine 118-126 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 31872821-4 2020 Herein, we successfully designed and synthesized a tyrosinase-targeting Gd(iii)-based MR contrast agent Tyr-GBCA 1. Tyrosine 104-107 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 51-61 31872821-6 2020 Tyr-GBCA 1 shows a 21% increase in the T1 relaxation rate (R1) in the presence of tyrosinase in artificial cerebral spinal fluid. Tyrosine 0-3 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 82-92 31952126-5 2020 Using l-tyrosine and l-dopa as substrates, the effects of puerarin on the monophenolase and diphenolase activity of tyrosinase activity were investigated by the enzyme kinetics method. Tyrosine 6-16 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 116-126 31339074-5 2020 OBJECTIVE: A number of 4-hydroxy-N"-methylenebenzohydrazide analogues with related structure to chalcone and tyrosine were constructed with various substituents at benzyl ring of the molecule and evaluate as tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosine 109-117 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 208-218 31249599-1 2019 Tyrosinase, encoded by TYR gene, is an enzyme that plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation. Tyrosine 23-26 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 31629163-7 2019 Moreover, the binding energies corresponding to the same ligands and calculated for both tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase are also correlated with each other, suggesting that tyrosinase inhibitors may also have an inhibitory effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine 104-112 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 178-188 31629163-7 2019 Moreover, the binding energies corresponding to the same ligands and calculated for both tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase are also correlated with each other, suggesting that tyrosinase inhibitors may also have an inhibitory effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine 238-246 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 89-99 31629163-7 2019 Moreover, the binding energies corresponding to the same ligands and calculated for both tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase are also correlated with each other, suggesting that tyrosinase inhibitors may also have an inhibitory effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Tyrosine 238-246 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 178-188 31495804-1 2019 Tyrosinase plays a key role in the melanin biosynthesis since it catalyzes the transformation of tyrosine into L-dopaquinone. Tyrosine 97-105 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 31464432-7 2019 This proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism is a little different from that in tyrosinase in that the proton of substrate tyrosine is directly transferred to the dicopper site ( J. Tyrosine 126-134 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 83-93 30994696-0 2019 Melanin production by tyrosinase activity on a tyrosine-rich peptide fragment and pH-dependent self-assembly of its lipidated analogue. Tyrosine 47-55 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 22-32 30889711-3 2019 The nanocomposite material was then employed as scaffold for immobilization of tyrosinase enzyme (Tyr). Tyrosine 98-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 79-89 30994696-6 2019 The enzyme tyrosinase oxidises tyrosine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA-quinone and further products, eventually forming eumelanin. Tyrosine 31-39 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 11-21 30934702-1 2019 The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of a graphene, chitosan, platinum nanoparticles and tyrosinase-based bionanocomposite film deposited on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode for the detection of L-tyrosine by voltammetry. Tyrosine 239-249 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 117-127 30600021-4 2019 C-COS inhibits melanin production with tyrosine (Tyr) and DOPA as the substrate of melanin formation, and the inhibition rates are, respectively, 89.07% and 84.45%, which reach 1.4-2 times those of COS. Tyrosine 39-47 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 49-52 30907884-8 2019 In melanogenesis, tyrosinase catalyzes the rate-limiting step that converts L-tyrosine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and then into dopaquinone. Tyrosine 76-86 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 18-28 30246912-2 2018 Peptide polymerization relies on tyrosinase oxidation of tyrosine residues to Dopaquinones, which rapidly form cysteinyldopa-moieties with free thiols from cysteine residues, thereby linking unimers and generating adhesive polymers. Tyrosine 57-65 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 33-43 30368304-2 2019 Gold nanoparticles screen-printed electrodes were thoroughly modified with tyrosinase (Tyr-AuNPS-SPCEs), which was immobilised on the surface by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Tyrosine 87-90 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 75-85 29788869-1 2019 Tyrosinase is a multifunctional copper-containing oxidase which catalyses the oxidation of tyrosine to produce melanin. Tyrosine 91-99 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 30449837-5 2019 Peptides were effectively immobilized onto the AuNPs depending on the presence of tyrosine within the sequence, which suggests the DOPA-quinone produced from tyrosine, via tyrosinase, is connected to the chitosan amino group. Tyrosine 82-90 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 172-182 30449837-5 2019 Peptides were effectively immobilized onto the AuNPs depending on the presence of tyrosine within the sequence, which suggests the DOPA-quinone produced from tyrosine, via tyrosinase, is connected to the chitosan amino group. Tyrosine 158-166 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 172-182 29121440-3 2018 In addition, 500 muM of D-tyrosine completely inhibited 10 muM L-tyrosine-induced melanogenesis, and both in vitro assays and L-DOPA staining MNT-1 cells showed that tyrosinase activity is reduced by D-tyrosine treatment. Tyrosine 63-73 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 166-176 30063931-1 2018 The kinetic action of tyrosinase on l-tyrosine and l-Dopa as substrates in the presence of cinnamic acid and some of its derivatives has been characterized. Tyrosine 36-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 22-32 29891820-3 2018 BHCP was found to potently inhibit tyrosinase, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 1.10 microM and 8.18 microM for monophenolase (l-tyrosine) and diphenolase (l-DOPA), and the enzyme kinetics study revealed that BHCP is a competitive-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Tyrosine 145-155 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 35-45 29223142-3 2018 Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which regulates the rate-limiting step during conversion of tyrosine into DOPA and dopaquinone. Tyrosine 109-117 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 29121440-4 2018 Thus, D-tyrosine appears to inhibit L-tyrosine-mediated melanogenesis by competitively inhibiting tyrosinase activity. Tyrosine 36-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 98-108 29310310-1 2018 Novel amperometric bi-enzyme biosensor based on tyrosinase (Tyr)-catalyzed L-tyrosine polymerization to effectively immobilize Tyr and glucose oxidase (GOx) simultaneously has been developed and is demonstrated to be efficient in monitoring multi-analyte (bisphenol A (BPA), phenol, Cr(III), glucose, and Cr(VI)). Tyrosine 75-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 48-58 29310310-1 2018 Novel amperometric bi-enzyme biosensor based on tyrosinase (Tyr)-catalyzed L-tyrosine polymerization to effectively immobilize Tyr and glucose oxidase (GOx) simultaneously has been developed and is demonstrated to be efficient in monitoring multi-analyte (bisphenol A (BPA), phenol, Cr(III), glucose, and Cr(VI)). Tyrosine 75-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 60-63 29310310-1 2018 Novel amperometric bi-enzyme biosensor based on tyrosinase (Tyr)-catalyzed L-tyrosine polymerization to effectively immobilize Tyr and glucose oxidase (GOx) simultaneously has been developed and is demonstrated to be efficient in monitoring multi-analyte (bisphenol A (BPA), phenol, Cr(III), glucose, and Cr(VI)). Tyrosine 75-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 127-130 29283382-3 2017 Tyrosinase catalyses two successive oxidations in melanin biosynthesis: the conversions of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and DOPA to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 91-99 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 29383286-7 2018 It dose-dependently inhibited the activity of tyrosinase, with the IC50 values 6.2 +- 2.0 microM and 10.3 +- 5.4 microM on tyrosine and L-Dopa formation, respectively. Tyrosine 123-131 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 46-56 29149994-2 2018 Tyrosine could be catalyzed by TYR to generate dopaquinone, which could efficiently quench the fluorescence of N-GQDs, and the degree of fluorescence quenching of N-GQDs was proportional to the concentration of TYR. Tyrosine 0-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 31-34 29149994-2 2018 Tyrosine could be catalyzed by TYR to generate dopaquinone, which could efficiently quench the fluorescence of N-GQDs, and the degree of fluorescence quenching of N-GQDs was proportional to the concentration of TYR. Tyrosine 0-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 211-214 29222480-3 2017 Here, we prepared a functional tyrosinase that exhibited a distinguished monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio (V max mono/ V max di = 3.83) and enhanced catalytic efficiency against L-tyrosine (k cat = 3.33 +- 0.18 s-1, K m = 2.12 +- 0.14 mM at 20 C and pH 6.0). Tyrosine 186-196 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 31-41 28509848-1 2017 In this research work, electrochemical biosensor was fabricated based on immobilization of tyrosinase onto graphene-decorated gold nanoparticle/chitosan (Gr-Au-Chit/Tyr) nanocomposite-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the detection of phenolic compounds. Tyrosine 165-168 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 91-101 28452215-7 2017 Herein, we illustrate the application in enzyme assay using tyrosine oxidation catalyzed by tyrosinase in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Tyrosine 60-68 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 92-102 28902505-3 2017 In this complex, the Tyr98 residue in the caddie protein was found to be accommodated in the pocket of the active center of tyrosinase, probably in a manner similar to that of l-tyrosine as a genuine substrate of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 176-186 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 124-134 28902505-3 2017 In this complex, the Tyr98 residue in the caddie protein was found to be accommodated in the pocket of the active center of tyrosinase, probably in a manner similar to that of l-tyrosine as a genuine substrate of tyrosinase. Tyrosine 176-186 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 213-223 27840215-3 2017 Spectrophotometric analysis used to determine the inhibition capabilities of these compounds on tyrosinase catalyzing L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) and L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as well. Tyrosine 118-128 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 96-106 28271633-3 2017 The oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase in the presence of cysteine forms cysteinyldopa isomers, which are further oxidized to give rise to pheomelanin via benzothiazine intermediates. Tyrosine 17-25 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 29-39 28271633-6 2017 We found that pheomelanin production either from dopa or tyrosine in the presence of cysteine by tyrosinase was greatest at pH values of 5.8-6.3, while eumelanin production was suppressed at pH 5.8. Tyrosine 57-65 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 97-107 27840215-3 2017 Spectrophotometric analysis used to determine the inhibition capabilities of these compounds on tyrosinase catalyzing L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) and L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as well. Tyrosine 130-135 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 96-106 29213160-1 2017 The kinetic (KIE) and solvent (SIE) isotope effect methods were used to investigate the mechanism of enzymatic hydroxylation of halogenated derivatives of l-tyrosine to l-DOPA catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). Tyrosine 155-165 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 200-210 27769941-6 2017 The stiffening of the microenvironment was created by using a peptide linker with additional tyrosine residues, which were susceptible to tyrosinase-mediated crosslinking. Tyrosine 93-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 138-148 27769941-7 2017 Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA quinone, and finally into DOPA dimer. Tyrosine 38-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 27640074-7 2016 Tyrosinase, encoded by TYR, is the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of neuromelanin, and has a role in the production of dopamine. Tyrosine 23-26 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 27537549-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1), caused by pathogenic variations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR), is the most frequent and severe form of hypopigmentary disorder worldwide. Tyrosine 107-110 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 90-100 27711193-0 2016 Effective L-Tyrosine Hydroxylation by Native and Immobilized Tyrosinase. Tyrosine 10-20 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 61-71 27711350-2 2016 The tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of the Tyr residue in a fluorescently-labeled peptide may lead to efficient fluorescence quenching, while the tyrosine kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the peptide can prevent the Tyr oxidation and thus maintain strong fluorescence. Tyrosine 41-44 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 27711350-2 2016 The tyrosinase-mediated oxidation of the Tyr residue in a fluorescently-labeled peptide may lead to efficient fluorescence quenching, while the tyrosine kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the peptide can prevent the Tyr oxidation and thus maintain strong fluorescence. Tyrosine 217-220 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 27711193-1 2016 Hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by immobilized tyrosinase in the presence of ascorbic acid (AH2), which reduces DOPA-quinone to L-DOPA, is characterized by low reaction yields that are mainly caused by the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase by L-DOPA and AH2. Tyrosine 17-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 82-92 27711193-1 2016 Hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by immobilized tyrosinase in the presence of ascorbic acid (AH2), which reduces DOPA-quinone to L-DOPA, is characterized by low reaction yields that are mainly caused by the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase by L-DOPA and AH2. Tyrosine 17-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 265-275 27142149-5 2016 Tyrosinase under the right conditions shows alterations in its substrate specificity and may contribute to the darkening seen in AKU where it moves away from polymerising tyrosine but also homogentisic acid, the causative molecule in alkaptonuria, that is present in excess. Tyrosine 171-179 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 27657049-4 2016 Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine as well as dopa to dopaquinone. Tyrosine 38-46 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 27417635-4 2016 This strategy relies on the catalytic oxidation of tyrosine by TYR into melanin-like polymers, which form a nanoassembly on the g-C3N4 nanosheets and quench their fluorescence. Tyrosine 51-59 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 63-66 27527415-4 2016 The results of fluorescence quenching experiment showed that the compound could interact with tyrosinase and the substrates (tyrosine and l-DOPA). Tyrosine 125-133 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 94-104 25857772-4 2015 RESULTS: Both ephedrannins A and B exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on L-tyrosine oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase, and the inhibition mechanism was competitive and reversible with L-tyrosine as the substrate. Tyrosine 91-101 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 124-134 26805846-4 2016 The tyrosinase target can catalyze the oxidization of tyrosine by oxygen into ortho-benzoquinone residues, which results in a decrease in the sensor photocurrent. Tyrosine 54-62 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 4-14 26881706-2 2016 In this pathway, Ty catalyzes the tyrosine monooxygenation into L-DOPA-quinone, which is the precursor of the skin pigment melanin. Tyrosine 34-42 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 17-19 25683082-1 2016 Tyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of melanin pigment synthesis on skin utilizing tyrosine as a substrate. Tyrosine 96-104 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 26483258-1 2015 The human tyrosinase gene TYR is a multifunctional reporter gene with potential use in photoacoustic imaging (PAI), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tyrosine 26-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 10-20 25913862-2 2015 When the monophenolase and the diphenolase activities of tyrosinase on its physiological substrates l-dopa and/or l-tyrosine are measured in the presence of these compounds, the rate of action of the enzyme decreases. Tyrosine 114-124 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 57-67 25857772-4 2015 RESULTS: Both ephedrannins A and B exhibited concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on L-tyrosine oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase, and the inhibition mechanism was competitive and reversible with L-tyrosine as the substrate. Tyrosine 201-211 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 124-134 25297374-0 2014 Alleviation effect of arbutin on oxidative stress generated through tyrosinase reaction with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. Tyrosine 93-103 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 68-78 25285706-4 2015 In this work, QDs are functionalized with tyrosine and zwitterionic molecules to construct a nanometer-scale scaffold (QD-Tyr conjugate), and this is used to test tyrosinase activity in vitro and inside cells. Tyrosine 122-125 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 163-173 25285706-5 2015 Tyrosinase oxidizes tyrosine to dopachrome and switches on the electron-transfer access, which relates to fluorescence quenching. Tyrosine 20-28 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 25130058-5 2014 In the presence of a catalytic amount of l-dopa, human tyrosinase, which can oxidize l-tyrosine but not d-tyrosine, was found to oxidize both R(-)- and S(+)-RD to give RD-catechol and its oxidation products. Tyrosine 85-95 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 55-65 25297374-4 2014 The aim of the present study was to examine if arbutin could suppress the hydroxyl radical generation via tyrosinase reaction with its substrates, L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. Tyrosine 147-157 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 106-116 25297374-5 2014 RESULTS: The hydroxyl radical, which was determined by an electron spin resonance-spin trapping technique, was generated by the addition of not only L-tyrosine but L-DOPA to tyrosinase in a concentration dependent manner. Tyrosine 149-159 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 174-184 26353957-0 2015 Generation Mechanism of Deferoxamine Radical by Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Reaction. Tyrosine 48-56 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 57-67 26353957-2 2015 When DFX was exposed to the tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction, nine-line ESR spectrum (g = 2.0063, hfcc; aN = 0.78 mT, aH(2) = 0.63 mT) was detected, indicating that the oxidation of DFX leads to a nitroxide radical. Tyrosine 28-36 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 37-47 26353957-4 2015 The amounts of DMPO-OH spin adducts via the tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction declined with DFX. Tyrosine 44-52 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 53-63 26353957-5 2015 Furthermore, mass spectra of an extra removed from the tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction mixture showed that the enzyme reactions might not be degradations of DFX. Tyrosine 55-63 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 64-74 25074014-1 2014 Tyrosinase is responsible for the two initial enzymatic steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Tyrosine 83-91 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 24934919-1 2014 The TYR gene (MIM #6069333) is located at position 11q14.3 on the human chromosome, and encodes tyrosinase, which is expressed in melanocytes and controls the biosynthesis of melanin. Tyrosine 4-7 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 96-106 24934919-2 2014 Most TYR mutations eliminate the activity of tyrosinase, preventing melanocytes from producing any melanin throughout life. Tyrosine 5-8 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 45-55 24934919-4 2014 Some mutations in TYR reduce but do not completely eliminate tyrosinase activity, and allow some melanin to be produced. Tyrosine 18-21 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 61-71 25086898-0 2014 Novel synthesis of gold nanoclusters templated with L-tyrosine for selective analyzing tyrosinase. Tyrosine 52-62 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 87-97 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 24-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 73-83 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 24-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 85-87 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 24-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 24-27 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 73-83 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 85-87 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 73-83 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 85-87 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196 25086898-3 2014 Subsequently, the AuNCs@Tyr described here was applied for detections of tyrosinase (TR) activity, which was based on the mechanism of aggregations of AuNCs@Tyr occurring on the active sites of TR since TR was introduced, thus leading to the fluorescence quenching of AuNCs@Tyr. Tyrosine 157-160 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 194-196