PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 25527759-8 2015 RESULTS: At baseline, circulating palmitic acid and stearic acid were positively associated with adiposity, triglycerides, inflammation biomarkers, and insulin resistance (P-trend < 0.01 each), whereas oleic acid showed generally beneficial associations (P-trend < 0.001 each). Palmitic Acid 34-47 insulin Homo sapiens 152-159 25310908-6 2014 We used a diabetic rat model induced by high-fat and -sugar diet with low-dose of streptozocin and an insulin resistant HepG2 cell model induced by palmitic acid to clarify the role of polydatin on glucose and lipid metabolism. Palmitic Acid 148-161 insulin Homo sapiens 102-109 25052227-1 2014 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary triacylglycerols containing palmitic acid in the sn-2 position might impair insulin release and increase plasma glucose. Palmitic Acid 59-72 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 24667753-1 2014 BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing palmitic acid in the sn-2 position might impair insulin release and increase plasma glucose. Palmitic Acid 66-79 insulin Homo sapiens 114-121 24973767-4 2014 CM from palmitic acid-treated J774s (palm-mac-CM) impaired insulin signalling and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, reduced Inhibitor kappaBalpha and increased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in myotubes. Palmitic Acid 8-21 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 22966071-4 2013 The elevation of SA is due to increased insulin-stimulated de novo synthesis mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/fatty acid synthase/elongation of long-chain fatty acid family member 6 (ELOVL6) and the elongation of palmitic acid (PA) catalyzed by ELOVL6. Palmitic Acid 271-284 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 24384240-6 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Patients with insulin resistance display a pattern of high long chain saturated FAs (PA, SA and arachidic acids). Palmitic Acid 98-100 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 25980295-9 2014 Omega-3 eicosanoids act as peroxisome proliferators and oxidize excess palmitic acid The hypolipidemic action of insulin is mediated through transformation of all palmitic FA synthesized from glucose into oleinic FA. Palmitic Acid 71-84 insulin Homo sapiens 113-120 22966071-4 2013 The elevation of SA is due to increased insulin-stimulated de novo synthesis mediated by sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/fatty acid synthase/elongation of long-chain fatty acid family member 6 (ELOVL6) and the elongation of palmitic acid (PA) catalyzed by ELOVL6. Palmitic Acid 286-288 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 22252473-6 2012 Levels of palmitic acid in VLDL and LDL TAG correlated with insulin resistance, and VLDL TAG enriched in palmitic acid promoted increased secretion of proinflammatory mediators from human smooth muscle cells. Palmitic Acid 10-23 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 23046938-2 2012 METHODS: EA.hy926 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control group, palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance group, total flavonoids of tartary buckwheat group and metformin group. Palmitic Acid 88-101 insulin Homo sapiens 110-117 21570480-4 2011 RESULTS: PA and IAB fat reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and their combined effect was similar to that of PA alone. Palmitic Acid 9-11 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 22282245-7 2012 It is concluded that PA can induce insulin resistance in liver cells and knockdown of LITAF expression can reduce insulin resistance in liver cells, suggesting LITAF may regulate the insulin signal transduction pathway involved in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 21-23 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 22791168-3 2012 BR., on palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanisms of its anti-infammatory properties in the endothelial cells. Palmitic Acid 8-21 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 22791168-3 2012 BR., on palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanisms of its anti-infammatory properties in the endothelial cells. Palmitic Acid 23-25 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 22791168-5 2012 To the PA-impaired insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production, pretreatment of homoplantaginin could effectively reverse the effects of PA. Palmitic Acid 7-9 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 22624461-11 2012 Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose. Palmitic Acid 144-157 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 21437903-10 2012 Our results suggest that parameters of insulin signaling and non-oxidative glucose metabolism are stimulated as part of a coordinated response to prompt survival in lymphocytes exposed to PA but at higher concentrations, apoptosis prevails. Palmitic Acid 188-190 insulin Homo sapiens 39-46 21570480-5 2011 PA-induced insulin resistance was ameliorated by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of ceramide, IkappaBalpha degradation or mTOR activation. Palmitic Acid 0-2 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 21570480-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: PA-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle involves inflammatory (nuclear factor kappa B/mTOR) and nutrient (ceramide) pathways. Palmitic Acid 13-15 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 21570480-11 2011 PUFAs promote pathways, at a transcriptional level, that increase fat oxidation and synergize with factors from SC fat to abrogate PA-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 131-133 insulin Homo sapiens 142-149 21194385-5 2011 Cortical neurons pretreated with insulin, but not glucose or PA, exhibited blunted phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and GSK-3beta with no change detected in ERK. Palmitic Acid 61-63 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 20127308-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Adipose tissue enriched with palmitic acid and depleted of essential PUFAs is associated with insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 57-70 insulin Homo sapiens 122-129 21505982-2 2011 A model of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells was established by adding palmitic acid (0.5 mmol/L) to the culture medium and the cells were treated by genistein. Palmitic Acid 71-84 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 21505982-5 2011 The results showed that after the treatment with palmitic acid for 24 h, the insulin-stimulated glucose transport in HepG2 cells was inhibited, and the glucose consumption was substantially reduced. Palmitic Acid 49-62 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 21506380-1 2011 Excess of palmitic acid in food--a cause of hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory syndrome, insulin resistance in myocytes, and apoptosis]. Palmitic Acid 10-23 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 20719107-8 2010 Palmitic acid was associated with 2h glucose (beta=2.3x10(-2), p<0.001) and 2h insulin (beta=5.6x10(-2), p=0.002) and stearic acid was associated with fasting glucose (beta=4.8x10(-3), p=0.006). Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 18301083-3 2008 RECENT FINDINGS: Observational studies assessing fatty acid composition in serum or tissues suggest that insulin resistance is associated with relatively high intakes of saturated fat (e.g. palmitic acid) and low intakes of polyunsaturated fat (e.g. linoleic acid), findings that are supported by recent clinical data. Palmitic Acid 190-203 insulin Homo sapiens 105-112 20029372-3 2010 In addition, it was validated if IMTG palmitic acid is associated with insulin resistance as suggested earlier. Palmitic Acid 38-51 insulin Homo sapiens 71-78 20029372-9 2010 Palmitic acid correlated positively with insulin resistance (homeostasis insulin resistance index, P<0.05), fasting glucose (P<0.01) and glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0.002) both in univariate analysis and after correction for gender and IMTG. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 19192424-1 2009 In humans, insulin sensitivity is relatively impaired by diets that are low in oleic acid (OA), a cis monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), or rich in trans MUFA or palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid (FA). Palmitic Acid 162-175 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 19192424-1 2009 In humans, insulin sensitivity is relatively impaired by diets that are low in oleic acid (OA), a cis monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), or rich in trans MUFA or palmitic acid (PA), a saturated fatty acid (FA). Palmitic Acid 177-179 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 19192424-2 2009 Emerging evidence exists that PA, in contrast to OA, causes insulin resistance via stimulation of inflammatory signaling and production of cytosolic lipid compounds (diacylglycerol and ceramide), leading one to presume that dietary or pharmacologic maneuvers that facilitate transport of FA into the mitochondria would be beneficial. Palmitic Acid 30-32 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 19192424-3 2009 However, in some models, insulin resistance is caused by excessive FA transport into the mitochondria, coupled with deficient electron transport and possibly increased reactive oxygen species formation; PA may impair electron transport via effects on gene expression. Palmitic Acid 203-205 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 19192424-4 2009 A research challenge is to determine whether feeding humans diets with markedly different contents of PA and OA would alter insulin sensitivity and/or critical biochemical mechanisms impacting muscle insulin signaling. Palmitic Acid 102-104 insulin Homo sapiens 124-131 19494713-10 2009 In accordance with the reduced IRS-2 level, the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt was diminished in the PA-treated cells. Palmitic Acid 112-114 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 19494713-11 2009 Basal PEPCK activity and insulin- regulated PEPCK activity were overstimulated in the cells incubated with PA. Palmitic Acid 107-109 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 15734839-3 2005 Studies of palmitic acid and oleic acid metabolism in human myotubes established from control and type 2 diabetic subjects under conditions of acute high concentrations of insulin and/or glucose may solve these questions. Palmitic Acid 11-24 insulin Homo sapiens 172-179 17804680-8 2007 The insulin response was lower to meals rich in oleic acid or EPA and DHA than to meals rich in palmitic acid or linoleic acid (P < 0.01). Palmitic Acid 96-109 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 17467667-7 2007 These results suggest that elevated concentrations of PA commonly present in obese and insulin resistant individuals can increase NF-kappaB-mediated expression of IP-10 in macrophages. Palmitic Acid 54-56 insulin Homo sapiens 87-94 17149589-4 2007 The insulin sensitivity of palmitic acid production rate (Ra), glycerol Ra, endogenous glucose Ra (EGP), glucose uptake and glucose metabolic clearance rate were measured at 0 and 6 weeks with a two-step hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp [step 1, 0.3 (low dose); step 2, 1.5 (high dose) mU kg(-1) min(-1)]. Palmitic Acid 27-40 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 17097017-19 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Oleic acid and palmitic acid may induce insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and preadipocytes. Palmitic Acid 28-41 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 16087974-11 2005 Increases in dietary PA may increase the risk of obesity and insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 21-23 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 15734839-4 2005 Total oleic acid and palmitic acid uptake in myotubes was increased during acute insulin stimulation (P < 0.01) but not under acute, high-glucose concentrations, and no differences were found between the groups. Palmitic Acid 21-34 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 15256315-4 2004 RESULTS: Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance correlated positively with the fraction of alpha-linolenic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and with the ratios of stearic to palmitic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic to linoleic acid and negatively with the fraction of palmitic acid in erythrocyte phospholipids. Palmitic Acid 269-282 insulin Homo sapiens 17-24 15256315-4 2004 RESULTS: Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance correlated positively with the fraction of alpha-linolenic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and with the ratios of stearic to palmitic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic to linoleic acid and negatively with the fraction of palmitic acid in erythrocyte phospholipids. Palmitic Acid 269-282 insulin Homo sapiens 36-43 15256315-5 2004 Insulin secretion correlated negatively with the fraction of palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 61-74 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 14988236-7 2004 Acute insulin treatment significantly increased palmitate uptake and incorporation of palmitic acid into DAG and TAG in myotubes established from both study groups, but no difference was found in myotubes established from control and diabetic subjects. Palmitic Acid 86-99 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 9075804-0 1997 Acylation of human insulin with palmitic acid extends the time action of human insulin in diabetic dogs. Palmitic Acid 32-45 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 15015142-4 2004 The proportion of palmitic acid (16:0) in the TG fraction was positively associated with plasma fasting insulin (r =.25, P =.03), diastolic (r =.45, P <.001), and systolic (r =.29, P =.003) blood pressure. Palmitic Acid 18-31 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 12079847-6 2002 Available knowledge seems to indicate that the degree of saturation of the body lipids, and especially the proportion of palmitic acid in the lipid membranes, may be critical for insulin sensitivity. Palmitic Acid 121-134 insulin Homo sapiens 179-186 11137176-3 2001 Palmitic acid (C 16:0) significantly suppressed cell viability, and suppressed insulin secretion at 24 h. Treatment with oleic acid (C 18:1) or linoleic acid (C 18:2) enhanced basal insulin secretion and diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at 48 h. In these groups, there were no differences in cell viability as compared to cells treated without FFA. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 11137176-3 2001 Palmitic acid (C 16:0) significantly suppressed cell viability, and suppressed insulin secretion at 24 h. Treatment with oleic acid (C 18:1) or linoleic acid (C 18:2) enhanced basal insulin secretion and diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) at 48 h. In these groups, there were no differences in cell viability as compared to cells treated without FFA. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 182-189 9075804-0 1997 Acylation of human insulin with palmitic acid extends the time action of human insulin in diabetic dogs. Palmitic Acid 32-45 insulin Homo sapiens 79-86 33761593-6 2021 HepG2 cells were treated by palmitic acid (PA) to induce the insulin resistance in vitro model. Palmitic Acid 28-41 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 7851683-7 1994 Thus, more than 51% of the variation of the insulin sensitivity was explained by an equation containing body mass index, serum triglyceride concentration and the content of palmitic acid in the skeletal muscle phospholipids. Palmitic Acid 173-186 insulin Homo sapiens 44-51 33761593-6 2021 HepG2 cells were treated by palmitic acid (PA) to induce the insulin resistance in vitro model. Palmitic Acid 43-45 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 34699323-16 2021 In conclusion, astragalus polysaccharide treatment improved proliferation and insulin secretion in HG+PA-treated MIN6 cells partially by promoting miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression to inhibit EFHD2 expression. Palmitic Acid 102-104 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 34373714-12 2021 In conclusion, PA promoted the TLR4/phosphorylated-NF-kappaB signaling pathway by inhibiting KLF4, promoted the upregulation of Gal-3 expression and improved the insulin resistance of macrophages. Palmitic Acid 15-17 insulin Homo sapiens 162-169 34373714-0 2021 Palmitic acid up regulates Gal-3 and induces insulin resistance in macrophages by mediating the balance between KLF4 and NF-kappaB. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 34699323-0 2021 Astragalus polysaccharide improve the proliferation and insulin secretion of mouse pancreatic beta cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid partially through promoting miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression. Palmitic Acid 133-146 insulin Homo sapiens 56-63 34699323-9 2021 We found that HG+PA treatment reduced MIN6 cell viability, insulin secretion, and PDX1 expression and promoted MIN6 cell apoptosis. Palmitic Acid 17-19 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 34643021-0 2021 In Vitro Effects of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside on Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Genes in Human Adipocytes Exposed to Palmitic Acid. Palmitic Acid 120-133 insulin Homo sapiens 63-70 34643021-1 2021 In this paper we investigated the in vitro potential beneficial effects of the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on inflammation and insulin resistance markers induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human SGBS adipocytes. Palmitic Acid 178-191 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 34643021-2 2021 Results demonstrated that PA reduced insulin sensitivity in SGBS cells with a significant inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, with a higher sensitivity to PA than murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transporters and the enzyme hexokinase-II. Palmitic Acid 26-28 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 34643021-6 2021 In conclusion, this study highlights the effects of PA on inflammation and insulin resistance markers in human adipocytes, and confirm the role of C3G in the prevention of lipotoxicity in dysfunctional adipocytes. Palmitic Acid 52-54 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 34371008-7 2021 Also elevated levels of palmitic acid appear to be an important factor and contributor to podocytes insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 24-37 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 34684619-5 2021 METHODS: The 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were differentiated into mature adipocytes; next, insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (16:0). Palmitic Acid 116-129 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 34097902-4 2021 Insulin resistance was induced by culturing with insulin resistance induction medium supplemented with palmitic acid for 24 h. When Cr was added to the medium, the increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA expression levels and the decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt protein were suppressed, and the induction of insulin resistance prevented. Palmitic Acid 103-116 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 34097902-4 2021 Insulin resistance was induced by culturing with insulin resistance induction medium supplemented with palmitic acid for 24 h. When Cr was added to the medium, the increase in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 mRNA expression levels and the decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt protein were suppressed, and the induction of insulin resistance prevented. Palmitic Acid 103-116 insulin Homo sapiens 366-373 34373714-4 2021 The insulin resistance of macrophages was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in vitro. Palmitic Acid 53-66 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 34373714-4 2021 The insulin resistance of macrophages was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in vitro. Palmitic Acid 68-70 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 34373714-7 2021 The results revealed that PA-induced macrophages demonstrated insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 26-28 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 34136157-3 2021 An insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by glucose, fructose, oleic acid, and palmitic acid was adopted to investigate the effects of maca extracts on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in this study. Palmitic Acid 84-97 insulin Homo sapiens 3-10 34373714-10 2021 The addition of the Gal-3 inhibitor GB1107 significantly increased glucose utilization and reduced insulin resistance in PA-treated cells. Palmitic Acid 121-123 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 34131233-0 2021 Publisher Correction: Palmitic acid promotes resistin-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Palmitic Acid 22-35 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 34157350-0 2021 Involvement of miR-3180-3p and miR-4632-5p in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 46-59 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 34157350-6 2021 Moreover, palmitic acid or two miRNAs inhibited insulin-induced phosphorylation of Tyr612 on IRS-1 without affecting insulin receptor activation. Palmitic Acid 10-23 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 34157350-7 2021 Therefore, two miRNAs are suggested to be involved in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance through suppression of insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation. Palmitic Acid 54-67 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 34157350-7 2021 Therefore, two miRNAs are suggested to be involved in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance through suppression of insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation. Palmitic Acid 54-67 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 34110637-0 2021 Palmitic acid induces insulin resistance by a mechanism associated with energy metabolism and calcium entry in neuronal cells. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 22-29 34110637-1 2021 Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid whose high consumption has been largely associated with the development of different metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 161-168 34110637-1 2021 Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid whose high consumption has been largely associated with the development of different metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Palmitic Acid 15-17 insulin Homo sapiens 161-168 34110637-3 2021 Cumulative evidence has demonstrated the participation of PA in the molecular cascade underlying cellular insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, but its role in the development of neuronal insulin resistance and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Palmitic Acid 58-60 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 34110637-6 2021 In the present work, we have found that neurons differentiated from human neuroblastoma MSN exposed to high but nontoxic concentrations of PA generate ATP through mitochondrial metabolism, which is associated with an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ and diminished insulin signaling in neurons. Palmitic Acid 139-141 insulin Homo sapiens 263-270 34070604-0 2021 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG4296 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG5012 Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Palmitic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells and High Fat Diet-Induced Mice. Palmitic Acid 111-124 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 34070604-2 2021 In vitro, cell-free extracts of MG4296 and MG5012 alleviated IR by increasing glucose uptake and glycogen content in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Palmitic Acid 117-119 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 33561210-13 2021 CONCLUSIONS: EPA inhibited NFkappaB signaling, which was associated with an attenuation of the deleterious effects of PA and hyperglycemia on both mitochondrial health and insulin signaling in human primary myotubes. Palmitic Acid 14-16 insulin Homo sapiens 172-179 35405148-3 2022 The results of biochemical studies using a palmitic acid (PA) induced insulin resistance (IR) model show that (-)-ganodercin Q, (+)-ganodercins R and W activate phospho-AKT (p-AKT) at 20 muM and improve glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner. Palmitic Acid 43-56 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 35405148-3 2022 The results of biochemical studies using a palmitic acid (PA) induced insulin resistance (IR) model show that (-)-ganodercin Q, (+)-ganodercins R and W activate phospho-AKT (p-AKT) at 20 muM and improve glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner. Palmitic Acid 58-60 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 35124182-9 2022 This is the first report on the contributions of miR-27a-3p and miR-96-5p to the synergistic and protective effect of the quercetin-EGCG co-treatment against PA-induced insulin resistance through inhibiting FOXO1 expression. Palmitic Acid 158-160 insulin Homo sapiens 169-176 35192832-8 2022 Palmitic acid and genes related to circadian rhythm, insulin responses, and lipid metabolism (e.g., 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (Agpat2), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (Bcl10), Cry1, Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene (Hras), and NLR family member X1 (Nlrx1)) were identified through DIABLO models as novel biomarkers of effects of BPA across two generations. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 35585811-3 2022 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PZ-DHA on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and the related mechanisms, we used palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes as an insulin resistance model. Palmitic Acid 129-142 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 35585811-3 2022 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PZ-DHA on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and the related mechanisms, we used palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes as an insulin resistance model. Palmitic Acid 129-142 insulin Homo sapiens 177-184 35585811-3 2022 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of PZ-DHA on insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle and the related mechanisms, we used palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes as an insulin resistance model. Palmitic Acid 144-146 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 35585811-5 2022 PZ-DHA treatment of the myotubes reversed PA-induced insulin resistance; this was indicated by increases in glucose uptake and the expression of membrane glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and phosphorylated Akt. Palmitic Acid 42-44 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 35399516-13 2022 Palmitic acid (PA) correlated positively with FATP4 and cord insulin, linoleic acid correlated negatively with PA and maternal cholesterol, and arachidonic acid correlated inversely with maternal TG and directly with FATP4. Palmitic Acid 15-17 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 35399673-4 2022 However, pathophysiological conditions (insulin resistance) are characterized by a sustained DNL in the liver and aimed at preventing the excess accumulation of glucose, which result in increased tissue content of PA and disrupted homeostatic control of its tissue concentration. Palmitic Acid 214-216 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 2843552-0 1988 Insulin and IGF-1 receptors contain covalently bound palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 53-66 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 13331942-0 1956 The action of insulin in sparing fatty acid oxidation: a study with palmitic acid-1-C14 and octanoate-1-C14. Palmitic Acid 69-82 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 33602249-8 2021 RESULTS: Oil Red O staining showed the inhibitory effect of DHA and insulin to reduce the intracellular accumulation of palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 120-133 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 33686181-0 2021 Palmitic acid promotes resistin-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 33686181-1 2021 Saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid promote inflammation and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, contrasting with the protective action of polyunsaturated fatty acids such docosahexaenoic acid. Palmitic Acid 30-43 insulin Homo sapiens 69-76 33686181-4 2021 In the brain, palmitic acid and resistin trigger neuroinflammation and insulin resistance, but their link at the neuronal level is unknown. Palmitic Acid 14-27 insulin Homo sapiens 71-78 33686181-5 2021 Using human SH-SY5Yneuroblastoma cell line we show that palmitic acid treatment impaired insulin-dependent Akt and Erk phosphorylation whereas DHA preserved insulin action. Palmitic Acid 56-69 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 33631425-0 2021 Oleic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reverse Palmitic Acid-induced Insulin Resistance in Human HepG2 Cells via the Reactive Oxygen Species / JUN Pathway. Palmitic Acid 45-58 insulin Homo sapiens 67-74 33602249-13 2021 PCR array analysis revealed the modulatory effect of DHA and insulin on the expression of atherosclerosis-related genes pre-treated with palmitic acid compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Palmitic Acid 137-150 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 33602249-14 2021 CONCLUSION: DHA and Insulin could alter the dynamic growth and dysfunctional activity of human endothelial cells after treatment with palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 134-147 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 33330513-8 2020 In addition, C-peptide potentiated the inhibitory effects of both insulin and palmitic acid in an AKT- and autophagy-independent manner, respectively. Palmitic Acid 78-91 insulin Homo sapiens 13-22 33562475-4 2021 The incubation with palmitic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, resulted in the increased RGS2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial-CS (HUVEC-CS) cells. Palmitic Acid 20-33 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 33562475-4 2021 The incubation with palmitic acid (PA), which inhibits insulin-mediated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, resulted in the increased RGS2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial-CS (HUVEC-CS) cells. Palmitic Acid 35-37 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 33435277-6 2021 In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 80-82 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 33435277-6 2021 In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 80-82 insulin Homo sapiens 91-98 33240683-0 2020 Four sesquiterpene glycosides from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaf ameliorates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in HepG2 Cells via AMPK signaling pathway. Palmitic Acid 81-94 insulin Homo sapiens 103-110 33240683-3 2020 Here, we evaluated the beneficial effects of four single SGs isolated from loquat leaf, including SG1, SG2, SG3 and one novel compound SG4 against palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Palmitic Acid 147-160 insulin Homo sapiens 169-176 32301059-4 2020 Therefore, we analyzed the function and ultrastructure of mitochondria and SER in insulin resistance-mimicked (50-muM palmitic acid for 24-h) H9c2 cardiomyocytes in the presence or absence of ticagrelor (1-microM for 24-h). Palmitic Acid 118-131 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 32954825-7 2020 Furthermore, triacsin C restored the insulin-stimulated vasodilation, which was impaired by PA. From the results, we concluded that PA stimulates the pro-inflammatory response in the vascular endothelium through an ACSL1-mediated mechanism, which is distinct from LPS- or Pam3CSK4-stimulated responses. Palmitic Acid 92-94 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 32806641-11 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Our in vitro results suggest a detrimental role of palmitic acid on the expression of gene related to insulin signaling pathway, with oleic acid being the one with the higher and more beneficial effects. Palmitic Acid 64-77 insulin Homo sapiens 115-122 31828866-2 2020 In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Palmitic Acid 45-58 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 31828866-2 2020 In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR). Palmitic Acid 60-62 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 32256145-7 2020 Palmitic acid-mediated suppression of insulin secretion, however, was subdued significantly by PKR inhibitor treatment through an ER stress-related mechanism. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 32704568-3 2020 Here, we tested the hypothesis that C-peptide protects beta cells from palmitic acid-induced stress by lowering peroxisomal H2O2. Palmitic Acid 71-84 insulin Homo sapiens 36-45 32104036-5 2020 Mouse HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a cell model of insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 36-49 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 32104036-5 2020 Mouse HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a cell model of insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 51-53 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 31118581-5 2019 Palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were established. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 31675670-4 2019 METHODS: Insulin resistance in HepG2 cells was induced by 0.5 mM PA exposure for 24 h and then the effect of GRg1 on cellular glucose consumption was measured. Palmitic Acid 65-67 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 31543975-7 2019 Palmitic acid had the strongest association (OR per standard unit of palmitic acid 1.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76; p<0.001), which remained similar with addition of insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response (AIR) to the model (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.70, p=0.01). Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 160-167 31543975-7 2019 Palmitic acid had the strongest association (OR per standard unit of palmitic acid 1.46; 95% CI 1.23 to 1.76; p<0.001), which remained similar with addition of insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response (AIR) to the model (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.70, p=0.01). Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 190-197 31095939-6 2019 In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PAQR3 regulates phosphorylation of FoxO1 via NF-kappaB pathway in palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, thereby causing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Palmitic Acid 113-126 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 31095939-6 2019 In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PAQR3 regulates phosphorylation of FoxO1 via NF-kappaB pathway in palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, thereby causing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Palmitic Acid 47-49 insulin Homo sapiens 140-147 31412623-5 2019 In particular, our findings demonstrate an alteration in PMCA1/4 expression caused by PA and LPS which trigger the UPR, affecting not only insulin release and contributing to beta-cell mass reduction, but also increasing reactive nitrogen species. Palmitic Acid 86-88 insulin Homo sapiens 139-146 31223033-0 2019 Pterostilbene reverses palmitic acid mediated insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by reducing oxidative stress and triglyceride accumulation. Palmitic Acid 23-36 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 31223033-5 2019 PTS reversed PA-mediated activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which in turn altered insulin signalling pathway by phosphorylating IRS-1 at Ser 307, leading to inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta. Palmitic Acid 13-15 insulin Homo sapiens 92-99 31073968-1 2019 Increased levels of circulating fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), are associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Palmitic Acid 53-66 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 31073968-1 2019 Increased levels of circulating fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), are associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Palmitic Acid 68-70 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 31826412-1 2020 The aim of the present study was to investigate whether agaropectin-derived oligosaccharides from Gloiopeltis furcata (SAOs) exert an anti-diabetic effect in sodium palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Palmitic Acid 158-174 insulin Homo sapiens 188-195 30396212-8 2020 RESULTS: Insulin-induced brain activity in the theta and beta band was decreased by acute intracerebroventricular application of palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 129-142 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 30396212-11 2020 CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that insulin action is amplified in the periphery and attenuated in the brain by acute palmitic acid application. Palmitic Acid 122-135 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 31675670-0 2019 Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells in association with modulating Akt and JNK activity. Palmitic Acid 28-41 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 31095939-9 2019 Taken together, in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, PAQR3 might regulate the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and the expressions of GCK and LDLR through NF-kappaB pathway, thereby regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders induced by insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 19-21 insulin Homo sapiens 30-37 31095939-9 2019 Taken together, in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, PAQR3 might regulate the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and the expressions of GCK and LDLR through NF-kappaB pathway, thereby regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders induced by insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 19-21 insulin Homo sapiens 247-254 31118581-5 2019 Palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were established. Palmitic Acid 15-17 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 30811959-3 2019 Palmitoleic acid (POA), an FA with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, is synthesized from palmitic acid (PA) catalyzed by stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) activity. Palmitic Acid 124-126 insulin Homo sapiens 57-64 30572687-0 2018 Theaflavins Improve Insulin Sensitivity through Regulating Mitochondrial Biosynthesis in Palmitic Acid-Induced HepG2 Cells. Palmitic Acid 89-102 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 30913535-0 2019 Palmitic acid causes insulin resistance in granulosa cells via activation of JNK. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 30913535-5 2019 We demonstrated that the glucose uptake in cultured GCs and lactate accumulation in the culture medium were stimulated by insulin, but the effects of insulin were attenuated by PA treatment. Palmitic Acid 177-179 insulin Homo sapiens 150-157 30913535-6 2019 Besides, insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt was reduced by PA in a dose and time-dependent manner. Palmitic Acid 63-65 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 30799086-4 2019 Ectopic expression of NPM in hepatocytes aggravated PA-induced insulin resistance, lipid droplet accumulation, glucose intake impairment as well as the expression of gluconeogenic genes. Palmitic Acid 52-54 insulin Homo sapiens 63-70 30799086-5 2019 Coinciding with these results, interference of NPM using small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligos ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance, as revealed by increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3beta following insulin treatment. Palmitic Acid 106-108 insulin Homo sapiens 117-124 30799086-5 2019 Coinciding with these results, interference of NPM using small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligos ameliorated PA-induced insulin resistance, as revealed by increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3beta following insulin treatment. Palmitic Acid 106-108 insulin Homo sapiens 208-215 29594475-9 2019 Total amount of saturated FA (SFA) and specifically palmitic acid, correlated positively with waist circumference (rS = 0.354), triglycerides (rS = 0.400) and fasting insulin (rS = 0.287). Palmitic Acid 52-65 insulin Homo sapiens 167-174 30468835-8 2019 We also observed a decreased expression of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK after exposure to ENL with PA. Palmitic Acid 121-123 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 30551378-6 2019 We observed that YMS treatment effectively improved insulin signaling in PA-treated LO2 cells and HFD-fed mice. Palmitic Acid 73-75 insulin Homo sapiens 52-59 30287053-0 2019 Celastrol Reverses Palmitic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Restoring the miR-223 and GLUT4 Pathway. Palmitic Acid 19-32 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 30972025-0 2019 Palmitic Acid Reduces the Autophagic Flux and Insulin Sensitivity Through the Activation of the Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) in the Hypothalamic Neuronal Cell Line N43/5. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 30972025-2 2019 Previous studies indicate that PA accumulates in the hypothalamus following consumption of HFDs; in addition, HFDs consumption inhibits autophagy and reduces insulin sensitivity. Palmitic Acid 31-33 insulin Homo sapiens 158-165 30972025-5 2019 Here, we demonstrate that exposure to PA inhibits the autophagic flux and reduces insulin sensitivity in a cellular model of hypothalamic neurons (N43/5 cells). Palmitic Acid 38-40 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 30972025-9 2019 In addition, our data suggest FFAR1 mediates the ability of PA to inhibit autophagic flux and reduce insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neuronal cells. Palmitic Acid 60-62 insulin Homo sapiens 101-108 30972025-10 2019 These results reveal a novel cellular mechanism linking PA-rich diets to decreased insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and suggest that hypothalamic autophagy might represent a target for future T2DM therapies. Palmitic Acid 56-58 insulin Homo sapiens 83-90 30572687-3 2018 In this research, we investigated the protective effects of theaflavins against insulin resistance in HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 125-138 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 29923306-4 2018 ASM down-regulation with gene silencing and selective inhibitor amitriptyline was used in the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) treated with palmitic acid (PA), a common saturated free fatty acid, which is thought to be the major cause of insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 159-161 insulin Homo sapiens 242-249 29223854-7 2018 With response to palmitic acid-challenge, increased amount of insulin, ALT, AST, TG, TC were observed, whereas BA pretreatment significantly restored these changes in HepG2 cells. Palmitic Acid 17-30 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 29667734-8 2018 Taking together, we proved that celastrol could reverses PA-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting PA binding to MD2. Palmitic Acid 57-59 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 30109329-6 2018 Chronic incubation (48 h) with 5-PAHSA significantly increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in murine islets compared to chronic incubation without the lipid or in the presence of palmitic acid (PA). Palmitic Acid 33-35 insulin Homo sapiens 82-89 29667734-0 2018 Celastrol reverses palmitic acid (PA)-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting MD2-related cellular binding to PA. Palmitic Acid 19-32 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 29667734-0 2018 Celastrol reverses palmitic acid (PA)-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting MD2-related cellular binding to PA. Palmitic Acid 34-36 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 29667734-0 2018 Celastrol reverses palmitic acid (PA)-caused TLR4-MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance via disrupting MD2-related cellular binding to PA. Palmitic Acid 141-143 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 29667734-5 2018 In this study, we found evidence to support our hypothesis: celastrol could reverse PA-caused TLR4/MD2 activation-dependent insulin resistance, as determined by glucose-lowering ability, cellular glucose uptake, insulin action-related proteins and TLR4/MD2/NF-kappaB activation. Palmitic Acid 84-86 insulin Homo sapiens 124-131 29290500-3 2018 Here we review recent mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of oleic acid compared with palmitic acid on insulin resistance and T2DM, including its anti-inflammatory actions, and its capacity to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, prevent attenuation of the insulin signaling pathway, and improve beta cell survival. Palmitic Acid 99-112 insulin Homo sapiens 116-123 29768267-12 2018 Results from further analyses showed that AKT-ROS-dependent upregulations of expression, binding and centrosome translocation of ROCK1 and 14-3-3sigma was the molecular pathway underlying the centrosome amplification in vitro triggered by high glucose, insulin and palmitic acid. Palmitic Acid 265-278 insulin Homo sapiens 253-260 29311680-4 2018 Insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human HK-2 cells, shown as the decrease of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), glucose uptake and enhanced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) at site serine 307 (pIRS-1ser307) and downregulated expression of IRS-1. Palmitic Acid 34-47 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 29311680-4 2018 Insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human HK-2 cells, shown as the decrease of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), glucose uptake and enhanced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) at site serine 307 (pIRS-1ser307) and downregulated expression of IRS-1. Palmitic Acid 34-47 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 29311680-4 2018 Insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human HK-2 cells, shown as the decrease of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), glucose uptake and enhanced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) at site serine 307 (pIRS-1ser307) and downregulated expression of IRS-1. Palmitic Acid 49-51 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 29311680-4 2018 Insulin resistance was induced by palmitic acid (PA) in human HK-2 cells, shown as the decrease of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), glucose uptake and enhanced phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) at site serine 307 (pIRS-1ser307) and downregulated expression of IRS-1. Palmitic Acid 49-51 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 29554661-9 2018 With response to palmitic acid-challenge, increased amounts of insulin, ALT, AST, TG, and TC were observed, whereas ALK pretreatment significantly inhibited their leakage in HepG2 cells without appreciable cytotoxic effects. Palmitic Acid 17-30 insulin Homo sapiens 63-70 28304381-5 2017 In the present study, we discovered that TNF-alpha might stimulate PA transcytosis across cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, which further impaired the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and promoted insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 67-69 insulin Homo sapiens 158-165 28656239-0 2017 Erythropoietin ameliorates PA-induced insulin resistance through the IRS/AKT/FOXO1 and GSK-3beta signaling pathway, and inhibits the inflammatory response in HepG2 cells. Palmitic Acid 27-29 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 28919254-0 2017 Palmitic acid stimulates energy metabolism and inhibits insulin/PI3K/AKT signaling in differentiated human neuroblastoma cells: The role of mTOR activation and mitochondrial ROS production. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 56-63 28919254-2 2017 In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Palmitic Acid 45-58 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 28919254-2 2017 In particular, saturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA) have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Palmitic Acid 60-62 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 28919254-4 2017 Here, we used cultured rat cortical neurons and differentiated human neuroblastoma cells to demonstrate that PA blocks insulin-induced metabolic activation, inhibits the activation of the insulin/PI3K/Akt pathway and activates mTOR kinase downstream of Akt. Palmitic Acid 109-111 insulin Homo sapiens 119-126 28919254-4 2017 Here, we used cultured rat cortical neurons and differentiated human neuroblastoma cells to demonstrate that PA blocks insulin-induced metabolic activation, inhibits the activation of the insulin/PI3K/Akt pathway and activates mTOR kinase downstream of Akt. Palmitic Acid 109-111 insulin Homo sapiens 188-195 28919254-6 2017 Finally, inhibiting mitochondrial ROS production with mitoTEMPO prevented the deleterious effect of PA on insulin signaling. Palmitic Acid 100-102 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 28827061-0 2017 Disruption of the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) plays a central role in palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 84-97 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 28827061-4 2017 Palmitic acid (PA) repressed insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 cells within 12h. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 28827061-4 2017 Palmitic acid (PA) repressed insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 cells within 12h. Palmitic Acid 15-17 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 28827061-8 2017 Forced expression of mitofusin-2, a critical component of the MAM, partially restored MAM contact area and ameliorated the PA-elicited suppression of insulin sensitivity with Ser473 phosphorylation of Akt selectively improved. Palmitic Acid 123-125 insulin Homo sapiens 150-157 28980863-0 2017 Addition of exogenous sodium palmitate increases the IAPP/insulin mRNA ratio via GPR40 in human EndoC-betaH1 cells. Palmitic Acid 22-38 insulin Homo sapiens 58-65 28304381-5 2017 In the present study, we discovered that TNF-alpha might stimulate PA transcytosis across cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, which further impaired the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by cardiomyocytes and promoted insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 67-69 insulin Homo sapiens 223-230 28011403-1 2017 Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids, including palmitic acid (PA), cause insulin resistance in endothelium characterized by a decreased synthesis of insulin-mediated vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), and by an increased production of the vasoconstrictor protein, endothelin-1. Palmitic Acid 55-68 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 28011403-1 2017 Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids, including palmitic acid (PA), cause insulin resistance in endothelium characterized by a decreased synthesis of insulin-mediated vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), and by an increased production of the vasoconstrictor protein, endothelin-1. Palmitic Acid 55-68 insulin Homo sapiens 157-164 28011403-1 2017 Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids, including palmitic acid (PA), cause insulin resistance in endothelium characterized by a decreased synthesis of insulin-mediated vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), and by an increased production of the vasoconstrictor protein, endothelin-1. Palmitic Acid 70-72 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 28011403-1 2017 Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids, including palmitic acid (PA), cause insulin resistance in endothelium characterized by a decreased synthesis of insulin-mediated vasodilator nitric oxide (NO), and by an increased production of the vasoconstrictor protein, endothelin-1. Palmitic Acid 70-72 insulin Homo sapiens 157-164 26982448-10 2016 After adjustment for abdominal obesity, age, and sex, a stepwise regression analysis showed that palmitic acid positively contributed to the variance in insulin (beta = +1.08 +- 1.01; P = 0.000) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (beta = +1.09 +- 1.01; P = 0.000) and myristic acid positively contributed to the variance in systolic blood pressure (beta = +1.09 +- 1.03; P = 0.006). Palmitic Acid 97-110 insulin Homo sapiens 153-160 27639126-12 2016 In addition, insulin-triggered expression of p-IRS-1(Tyr), p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-eNOS and NO generation were inhibited by PA, which were also restored by both APN and NAC. Palmitic Acid 117-119 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 27580020-1 2016 This study evaluated the capacity of mulberry anthocyanin extract (MAE) on insulin resistance amelioration in HepG2 cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid and diabetes-related metabolic changes in type 2 diabetic mice. Palmitic Acid 150-163 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 26982448-10 2016 After adjustment for abdominal obesity, age, and sex, a stepwise regression analysis showed that palmitic acid positively contributed to the variance in insulin (beta = +1.08 +- 1.01; P = 0.000) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (beta = +1.09 +- 1.01; P = 0.000) and myristic acid positively contributed to the variance in systolic blood pressure (beta = +1.09 +- 1.03; P = 0.006). Palmitic Acid 97-110 insulin Homo sapiens 231-238 27255710-5 2016 Moreover, when mouse intestine and human Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes were treated with the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, the insulin-signaling pathway was impaired. Palmitic Acid 108-121 insulin Homo sapiens 127-134 27255710-6 2016 We show that palmitic acid or palm oil increases ceramide production in intestinal cells and that treatment with a ceramide analogue partially reproduces the effects of palmitic acid on insulin signaling. Palmitic Acid 13-26 insulin Homo sapiens 186-193 27255710-6 2016 We show that palmitic acid or palm oil increases ceramide production in intestinal cells and that treatment with a ceramide analogue partially reproduces the effects of palmitic acid on insulin signaling. Palmitic Acid 169-182 insulin Homo sapiens 186-193 27255710-8 2016 Finally, inhibiting de novo ceramide synthesis improves the response of palmitic acid-treated Caco-2/TC7 enterocytes to insulin. Palmitic Acid 72-85 insulin Homo sapiens 120-127 27250532-0 2016 Withaferin A protects against palmitic acid-induced endothelial insulin resistance and dysfunction through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Palmitic Acid 30-43 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 27250532-3 2016 Effect of WA on PA-induced insulin resistance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by evaluating insulin signaling mechanisms whilst effect of this drug on PA-induced endothelial dysfunction was determined in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in isolated rat aortic preparations. Palmitic Acid 16-18 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 26763130-4 2016 Results showed that palmitic acid mainly induced insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) secretion, whereas oleic acid mainly contributed to intracellular TG. Palmitic Acid 20-33 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 25891779-0 2015 Metformin attenuates palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in L6 cells through the AMP-activated protein kinase/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c pathway. Palmitic Acid 21-34 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 26475209-0 2016 Palmitic acid but not palmitoleic acid induces insulin resistance in a human endothelial cell line by decreasing SERCA pump expression. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 47-54 26475209-1 2016 Palmitic acid is a negative regulator of insulin activity. Palmitic Acid 0-13 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 26475209-2 2016 At the molecular level, palmitic acid reduces insulin stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Palmitic Acid 24-37 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 26475209-6 2016 The mechanism by which palmitic acid impairs insulin signaling may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, because this fatty acid induced activation of both PERK, an ER stress marker, and JNK, a kinase associated with insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 23-36 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 26475209-6 2016 The mechanism by which palmitic acid impairs insulin signaling may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress, because this fatty acid induced activation of both PERK, an ER stress marker, and JNK, a kinase associated with insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 23-36 insulin Homo sapiens 217-224 26475209-8 2016 Importantly, SERCA2 overexpression decreased the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance state. Palmitic Acid 49-62 insulin Homo sapiens 71-78 26475209-9 2016 All these results suggest that SERCA pump might be the target of palmitic acid to induce the insulin resistance state in a human vascular endothelial cell line. Palmitic Acid 65-78 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 26475209-10 2016 Importantly, these data suggest that HUVEC-CS cells respond to palmitic acid-exposure with a compensatory overexpression of SERCA pump within the first hour, which eventually fades out and insulin resistance prevails. Palmitic Acid 63-76 insulin Homo sapiens 189-196 26748475-11 2016 Finally, we showed that PGC-1beta overexpression in PA treated macrophages improved adipocytes PI3K-Akt insulin signaling in a paracrine fashion. Palmitic Acid 52-54 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 27117849-8 2016 Furthermore, palmitic acid (C16:0) disturbed the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, while MCFAs, including lauric (C12:0), capric (C10:0), and caprylic acid (C12:0), did not. Palmitic Acid 13-26 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 25737480-6 2015 Akt replenishment and insulin supplementation rescued PA-induced apoptosis in Egr-1 knockdown cells. Palmitic Acid 54-56 insulin Homo sapiens 22-29 25815690-7 2015 PA attenuated insulin-mediated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to decreased glucose uptake, and phosphorylation of eNOS, leading to a reduction in the production of NO. Palmitic Acid 0-2 insulin Homo sapiens 14-21 25815690-7 2015 PA attenuated insulin-mediated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to decreased glucose uptake, and phosphorylation of eNOS, leading to a reduction in the production of NO. Palmitic Acid 0-2 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 25815690-8 2015 Pic effectively mitigated the inhibitory effects of PA on the insulin-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1 and eNOS, which was not observed following inhibition of HO-1 activity. Palmitic Acid 52-54 insulin Homo sapiens 62-69 25846498-1 2015 The excess of saturated free fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, that induces lipotoxicity in hepatocytes, has been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease also associated with insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 50-63 insulin Homo sapiens 204-211 25846498-3 2015 We evaluated whether palmitic acid is directly associated with both insulin resistance and lipoapoptosis in mouse and human hepatocytes and the impact of oleic acid in the molecular mechanisms that mediate both processes. Palmitic Acid 21-34 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 25846498-6 2015 Oleic acid suppressed the toxic effects of palmitic acid on ER stress activation, lipoapoptosis and insulin resistance. Palmitic Acid 43-56 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 25846498-9 2015 In conclusion, this is the first study highlighting the activation of S6K1 by palmitic acid as a common and novel mechanism by which its inhibition by oleic acid prevents ER stress, lipoapoptosis and insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Palmitic Acid 78-91 insulin Homo sapiens 200-207 25891779-9 2015 The results from this study demonstrate that metformin ameliorates PA-induced insulin resistance through the activation of AMPK and the suppression of SREBP-1c in skeletal muscle cells. Palmitic Acid 67-69 insulin Homo sapiens 78-85 25700627-0 2015 Targeted metabolomic analysis reveals the association between the postprandial change in palmitic acid, branched-chain amino acids and insulin resistance in young obese subjects. Palmitic Acid 89-102 insulin Homo sapiens 135-142 25529328-6 2015 In addition, miR-106b negatively regulated skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity under PA-induced insulin resistance by targeting Mfn2, which may be associated with reduced ROS and upregulation of the ERR-alpha/PGC-1alpha/Mfn2 axis. Palmitic Acid 112-114 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 25529328-6 2015 In addition, miR-106b negatively regulated skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity under PA-induced insulin resistance by targeting Mfn2, which may be associated with reduced ROS and upregulation of the ERR-alpha/PGC-1alpha/Mfn2 axis. Palmitic Acid 112-114 insulin Homo sapiens 123-130 25700627-9 2015 The postprandial metabolite of PA and BCAAs may play important role in the development and onset of insulin resistance in obesity. Palmitic Acid 31-33 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 26080825-0 2015 [Effects of conditioned media for rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells]. Palmitic Acid 84-97 insulin Homo sapiens 106-113 26080825-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of conditioned media for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-CM) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Palmitic Acid 109-122 insulin Homo sapiens 136-143 26080825-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of conditioned media for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-CM) on palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Palmitic Acid 124-126 insulin Homo sapiens 136-143 26080825-8 2015 CONCLUSIONS: BMSCs-CM could improve the insulin sensitivity in HepG2 cells pretreated with PA through upregulation of insulin signaling component expression. Palmitic Acid 91-93 insulin Homo sapiens 40-47 26080825-8 2015 CONCLUSIONS: BMSCs-CM could improve the insulin sensitivity in HepG2 cells pretreated with PA through upregulation of insulin signaling component expression. Palmitic Acid 91-93 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 26064210-1 2015 This study is to investigate the influence of SHIP2 on palmitic acid stimulated islet beta cell and insulin secretion, as well as its role in pI3K/Akt pathway. Palmitic Acid 55-68 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107