PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 33442187-0 2020 Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and its Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin from a District in Malaysia. Metformin 112-121 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 33563734-0 2021 Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and the associated factors in Saudi Arabia. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 33563734-1 2021 OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin users and associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 67-76 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 46-49 33563734-5 2021 The vitamin B12 deficiency and borderline levels were strongly associated with the dose of metformin. Metformin 91-100 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 12-15 33563734-6 2021 Patients taking doses of metformin more than 1000 mg had lower levels of vitamin B12. Metformin 25-34 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 81-84 33563734-8 2021 CONCLUSION: Our findings show a low prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients taking metformin. Metformin 108-117 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 58-61 32266492-1 2020 AIM: The present study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of both dose and duration of metformin therapy on vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Metformin 90-99 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 119-122 32266492-5 2020 RESULTS: Vitamin B12 levels < 200 pg/ml and between 200 and 300 pg/ml were noted among 24.5% and 34.5% metformin users, respectively; this was significantly higher than among non-metformin users (17.3% and 22.6%, respectively) [P < 0.001]. Metformin 103-112 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 17-20 32266492-5 2020 RESULTS: Vitamin B12 levels < 200 pg/ml and between 200 and 300 pg/ml were noted among 24.5% and 34.5% metformin users, respectively; this was significantly higher than among non-metformin users (17.3% and 22.6%, respectively) [P < 0.001]. Metformin 179-188 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 17-20 31868971-0 2020 Relationship between metformin use and vitamin B12 status in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan. Metformin 21-30 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 47-50 31868971-1 2020 AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Metformin therapy has been associated with vitamin B12 (VB12) deficiency, but information regarding this adverse effect in Asian populations is limited. Metformin 19-28 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 70-73 32190375-0 2020 Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Diabetic Patients on Metformin Therapy: A cross-sectional study from Oman. Metformin 47-56 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 32190375-1 2020 Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency amongst diabetic patients on metformin therapy. Metformin 112-121 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 68-71 32190375-6 2020 The mean daily dose of metformin was highest among vitamin B12 deficient group (1,981 +- 222 mg; P = 0.004). Metformin 23-32 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 59-62 32190375-7 2020 Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency is considerable among diabetic patients on metformin therapy. Metformin 96-105 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41 33442187-1 2020 Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency is more common among metformin-treated subjects although the prevalence is variable. Metformin 58-67 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 33442187-3 2020 The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who are on metformin. Metformin 167-176 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 64-67 33442187-7 2020 Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated patients with type 2 DM patients was 28.3% (n=58). Metformin 56-65 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 35-38 33442187-9 2020 The non-Malay population was at a higher risk for metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.86, 95% CI: 1.836 to 8.104, p<0.001]. Metformin 50-59 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 79-82 33442187-10 2020 Duration of metformin use of more than five years showed increased risk for metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.003 to 4.227, p=0.049). Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 105-108 33442187-10 2020 Duration of metformin use of more than five years showed increased risk for metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.003 to 4.227, p=0.049). Metformin 76-85 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 105-108 33442187-11 2020 Conclusion: Our study suggests that the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin in our population is substantial. Metformin 125-134 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 62-65 31651584-0 2019 Discovering metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41 31651584-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Although metformin is the preferred initial pharmacological choice in type 2 diabetes, there is evidence that reveals a link between metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 145-154 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 171-174 31651584-2 2019 The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended periodic measurement of B12 levels for all patients on metformin. Metformin 120-129 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 89-92 31651584-10 2019 Results may encourage other providers to follow the ADA guidelines for monitoring vitamin B12 levels for patients taking metformin. Metformin 121-130 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 90-93 31518991-0 2019 Vitamin B12 deficiency and diabetic neuropathy in patients taking metformin: a cross-sectional study. Metformin 66-75 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 31518991-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: Vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from metformin use has been demonstrated in multiple studies. Metformin 49-58 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 19-22 31518991-2 2019 In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with chronic metformin use and the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and diabetic neuropathy. Metformin 102-111 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 62-65 31518991-10 2019 Those taking a higher metformin dose had lower levels of vitamin B12 (coefficient -0.061; CI 95% -0.09-0.024). Metformin 22-31 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 65-68 31518991-14 2019 Higher doses of metformin and male sex were factors related to lower levels of vitamin B12. Metformin 16-25 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 87-90 31205703-0 2019 Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated type 2 diabetic patients in a tertiary institution, South-South Nigeria. Metformin 43-52 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 31463247-2 2019 One standard first-line treatment for diabetes is metformin, which was reported to increase the risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 50-59 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 113-116 31463247-3 2019 We wanted to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Metformin 67-76 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 49-52 31463247-18 2019 Thus, there is a need for doctors involved in the management of diabetes to keep abreast with guidelines and current recommendations and routinely monitor vitamin B12 levels particularly those who were on long-term takers of metformin and the elderly patients to optimize management of diabetes and its complications. Metformin 225-234 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 163-166 30615306-0 2019 Associations between metformin use and vitamin B12 levels, anemia, and neuropathy in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Metformin 21-30 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 47-50 30615306-3 2019 This meta-analyses reviewed all available studies on associations between metformin use and vitamin B12 levels, anemia, and neuropathy in diabetic patients. Metformin 74-83 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 100-103 30615306-7 2019 Compared with diabetic patients not taking metformin, patients taking metformin had a significantly higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency (RR 2.09; 95% CI 1.49, 2.93; P < 0.0001; I2 = 64%) and significantly lower serum vitamin B12 concentrations (MD -63.70; 95% CI -74.35, -53.05] pM; P < 0.00001; I2 = 87%), which depended on dose and duration of treatment. Metformin 70-79 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 123-126 30615306-7 2019 Compared with diabetic patients not taking metformin, patients taking metformin had a significantly higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency (RR 2.09; 95% CI 1.49, 2.93; P < 0.0001; I2 = 64%) and significantly lower serum vitamin B12 concentrations (MD -63.70; 95% CI -74.35, -53.05] pM; P < 0.00001; I2 = 87%), which depended on dose and duration of treatment. Metformin 70-79 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 228-231 30615306-8 2019 Metformin use was also associated with significantly greater percentage decrease in serum vitamin B12 concentrations from baseline in diabetic patients (MD -14.68%; 95% CI -17.98%, -11.39%; P < 0.00001; I2 = 33%). Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 98-101 30615306-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Metformin use led to significantly lowered vitamin B12 concentrations and significantly higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients. Metformin 13-22 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 64-67 30615306-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Metformin use led to significantly lowered vitamin B12 concentrations and significantly higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients. Metformin 13-22 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 124-127 30615306-12 2019 Annual vitamin B12 assessment in diabetic patients taking metformin is recommended. Metformin 58-67 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 15-18 31603875-14 2019 Conclusions: High prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 40-43 31205703-1 2019 Background: The risk of chronic metformin pharmacotherapy to cause vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated medical complications has been of immense concern among diabetic patients. Metformin 32-41 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 75-78 31205703-2 2019 Some studies have postulated that vitamin B12 deficiency is highly prevalent among chronic metformin-treated adult diabetic patients. Metformin 91-100 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 42-45 31205703-3 2019 Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated and metformin-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Metformin 82-91 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 61-64 31205703-3 2019 Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among metformin-treated and metformin-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Metformin 104-113 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 61-64 31205703-8 2019 Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 41% and 20% among metformin-treated and metformin-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Metformin 72-81 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 35-38 31205703-8 2019 Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was 41% and 20% among metformin-treated and metformin-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus groups, respectively (p = 0.001). Metformin 94-103 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 35-38 31205703-9 2019 Borderline vitamin B12 status was present among 59% of metformin-treated group and 80% of metformin-naive group (p = 0.001). Metformin 55-64 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 19-22 31205703-9 2019 Borderline vitamin B12 status was present among 59% of metformin-treated group and 80% of metformin-naive group (p = 0.001). Metformin 90-99 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 19-22 31205703-11 2019 Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly high in diabetics, especially the metformin-treated patients. Metformin 105-114 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41 28182265-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between long-term metformin therapy and serum vitamin B12 monitoring. Metformin 56-65 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 92-95 30114554-5 2018 The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in diabetic patients taking metformin was 53.2% compared with 31% (P < 0.001) of diabetic patients not taking metformin and 33.3% (P < 0.001) of those without diabetes. Metformin 69-78 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 26-29 30114554-6 2018 Among the vitamin B12 deficient patients, diabetic patients taking metformin had lower serum vitamin B12 concentration (97 pmol/L) than the diabetic patients not taking metformin (113 pmol/L, P < 0.001) and those without diabetes (111 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Metformin 67-76 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 18-21 30114554-6 2018 Among the vitamin B12 deficient patients, diabetic patients taking metformin had lower serum vitamin B12 concentration (97 pmol/L) than the diabetic patients not taking metformin (113 pmol/L, P < 0.001) and those without diabetes (111 pmol/L, P < 0.001). Metformin 67-76 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 101-104 30114554-7 2018 Subanalysis of 174 metformin users found that dose and duration of metformin use were significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 19-28 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 124-127 30114554-7 2018 Subanalysis of 174 metformin users found that dose and duration of metformin use were significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 67-76 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 124-127 30114554-10 2018 Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among those taking metformin >=1500 mg/day for >2 years was 75.9% and was more than 2 times that of patients taking metformin <1500 mg/day for <=2 years (35.3%). Metformin 56-65 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 30114554-10 2018 Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among those taking metformin >=1500 mg/day for >2 years was 75.9% and was more than 2 times that of patients taking metformin <1500 mg/day for <=2 years (35.3%). Metformin 159-168 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 30114554-11 2018 In conclusion, metformin use is associated with increased risk and severity of vitamin B12 deficiency in the institutionalized elderly residents. Metformin 15-24 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 87-90 29268066-3 2017 Metformin is the first-line pharmacological treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, it has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in up to 30% of treated patients. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 148-151 29268066-12 2017 Vitamin B12 deficiency was also more frequent in patients treated with metformin (24.7% vs 15.8%; p = 0.017), antiplatelet agents (25.4% vs 16.2%, p < 0.001), and calcium channel blockers (26.8% vs 18.2%; p = 0.001). Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 29268066-13 2017 After adjustment for possible confounders, the variables associated with B12 deficiency were: metformin, hypothyroidism, age and type 2 diabetes mellitus duration. Metformin 94-103 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 73-76 29268066-15 2017 This study also demonstrates that the B12 deficiency risk is higher in older people, with longer diabetes mellitus duration, hypothyroidism and treated with metformin. Metformin 157-166 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41 30321183-0 2018 The association of metformin use with vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Saudi individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin 19-28 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 46-49 30321183-8 2018 RESULTS: The prevalence of B12 deficiency was 7.8% overall, but 9.4% and 2.2% in metformin users and non-metformin users, respectively. Metformin 105-114 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 27-30 30321183-9 2018 The odds ratio for serum vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin users was 4.72 (95% CI, 1.11-20.15, P = 0.036). Metformin 51-60 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 33-36 30321183-11 2018 Low levels of vitamin B12 occurred when metformin was taken at a dose of more than 2,000 mg/day (AOR, 21.67; 95% CI, 2.87-163.47) or for more than 4 years (AOR, 6.35; 95% CI, 1.47-24.47). Metformin 40-49 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 47-56 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 215-218 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 47-56 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 263-266 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 215-218 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 263-266 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 215-218 30321183-12 2018 CONCLUSION: Individuals with T2DM treated with metformin, particularly those who use metformin at large dosages (> 2,000 mg/day) and for a longer duration (> 4 years), should be regularly screened for vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is associated with B12 deficiency, but this is not associated with peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 263-266 30114554-0 2018 Association of metformin use with vitamin B12 deficiency in the institutionalized elderly. Metformin 15-24 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 42-45 30114554-3 2018 The present retrospective study evaluated the association of metformin use with vitamin B12 deficiency in the same group of patients. Metformin 61-70 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 88-91 28447237-0 2017 Effects of metformin versus placebo on vitamin B12 metabolism in non-diabetic breast cancer patients in CCTG MA.32. Metformin 11-20 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 47-50 28447237-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Metformin is associated with low levels of vitamin B12 (VitB12) in patients with diabetes. Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 63-66 28553599-0 2017 Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Metformin Compared to those Never on Metformin: A Cross-sectional Study. Metformin 56-65 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 14-17 28553599-1 2017 CONTEXT: There are limited data about the effect of metformin use on serum Vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetes patients from India. Metformin 52-61 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 83-86 28553599-2 2017 AIMS: We studied serum Vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were receiving metformin and compared them to those never treated with metformin. Metformin 103-112 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 31-34 28553599-6 2017 RESULTS: The serum Vitamin B12 levels were 267.7 +- 194.4 pmol/l in metformin group and 275.1 +- 197.2 pmol/l in the no metformin group (P = 0.78). Metformin 68-77 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 27-30 28553599-7 2017 When adjusted for duration of diabetes, metformin use was associated with a 87.7 +- 37.7 pmol/l (95% confidence interval [CI], -162.1--3.3, P = 0.02) lower serum Vitamin B12 levels. Metformin 40-49 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 170-173 28553599-10 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Metformin use was associated with a lower serum Vitamin B12 levels when adjusted for duration of diabetes. Metformin 13-22 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 69-72 28182265-6 2017 We estimated the proportion of participants who received a serum B12 test and used multivariable logistic regression, stratified by age, to evaluate the association between metformin use and serum B12 testing. Metformin 173-182 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 197-200 28182265-8 2017 The mean B12 concentration was significantly lower in the metformin-exposed group (439.2 pg/dL) compared to those without diabetes (522.4 pg/dL) (P = .0015). Metformin 58-67 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 9-12 28182265-9 2017 About 7% of persons with diabetes receiving metformin were vitamin B12 deficient (<170 pg/dL) compared to 3% of persons without diabetes or metformin use (P = .0001). Metformin 44-53 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 67-70 28182265-11 2017 CONCLUSION: Long-term metformin therapy is significantly associated with lower serum vitamin B12 concentration, yet those at risk are often not monitored for B12 deficiency. Metformin 22-31 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 93-96 28182265-12 2017 Because metformin is first line therapy for type 2 diabetes, clinical decision support should be considered to promote serum B12 monitoring among long-term metformin users for timely identification of the potential need for B12 replacement. Metformin 156-165 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 125-128 28182265-12 2017 Because metformin is first line therapy for type 2 diabetes, clinical decision support should be considered to promote serum B12 monitoring among long-term metformin users for timely identification of the potential need for B12 replacement. Metformin 156-165 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 224-227 28904497-0 2017 The Effect of Metformin Treatment on the Serum Levels of Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Metformin 14-23 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 95-98 26914484-1 2017 Low serum B12 level is a common occurrence in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treated with metformin. Metformin 96-105 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 10-13 26914484-3 2017 Our objective was to examine the current practice and clinical determinants of vitamin B12 testing in metformin treated T2DM patients. Metformin 102-111 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 87-90 26914484-12 2017 Insulin treatment, hypertension, and chronic diabetic complications in metformin treated T2DM patients are associated with higher rates of vitamin B12 testing. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 147-150 28904497-3 2017 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on the levels of serum Hcy, vitamin B12 (vit B12), and folic acid in patients with PCOS. Metformin 55-64 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 101-104 28904497-3 2017 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on the levels of serum Hcy, vitamin B12 (vit B12), and folic acid in patients with PCOS. Metformin 55-64 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 110-113 28904497-7 2017 RESULTS: The mean vit B12 level showed a significant decrease in patients after 6 months of metformin treatment (P = 0.002). Metformin 92-101 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 27638143-4 2017 RESULTS: Serum levels of vitamin B12 were significantly lower in patients treated with metformin and/or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) compared with patients not treated (p<0.001). Metformin 87-96 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 33-36 25388747-5 2015 The absorption of folic acid and vitamin B12 is importantly decreased by the prolongued use of metformin, which is the first choice drug in uncomplicated diabetes, thus these two nutrients have been found deficient in the disease and most probably need to be supplemented regularly. Metformin 95-104 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 41-44 28076676-4 2016 Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased vitamin B12 levels, and even with biochemical B12 deficiency; this complication can detected early by annual assessments of serum B12 levels and prevented by annual intramuscular B12 administration. Metformin 10-19 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 61-64 28076676-4 2016 Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased vitamin B12 levels, and even with biochemical B12 deficiency; this complication can detected early by annual assessments of serum B12 levels and prevented by annual intramuscular B12 administration. Metformin 10-19 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 99-102 28076676-4 2016 Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased vitamin B12 levels, and even with biochemical B12 deficiency; this complication can detected early by annual assessments of serum B12 levels and prevented by annual intramuscular B12 administration. Metformin 10-19 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 99-102 28076676-4 2016 Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased vitamin B12 levels, and even with biochemical B12 deficiency; this complication can detected early by annual assessments of serum B12 levels and prevented by annual intramuscular B12 administration. Metformin 10-19 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 99-102 27358222-0 2016 Delayed auditory conduction in diabetes: is metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency responsible? Metformin 44-53 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 70-73 27358222-2 2016 A further aim is to assess its association with vitamin B12 deficiency induced by metformin. Metformin 82-91 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 56-59 26233336-8 2016 Metformin therapy is associated with a mild vitamin B12 level reduction, but not with DPN. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 52-55 27019260-0 2016 The importance of ruling out risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency induced by metformin in older patients Metformin 80-89 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 54-57 27162518-0 2015 VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ON METFORMIN. Metformin 64-73 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 27162518-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Due to the clinical benefits of metformin, its associated side effects such as vitamin B12 deficiency are usually overlooked and rarely investigated. Metformin 44-53 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 99-102 27162518-2 2015 OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the serum level of vitamin B12 in Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on metformin. Metformin 143-152 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 78-81 27162518-3 2015 METHODS: Serum vitamin B12 level was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 81 T2DM patients who have been on metformin for 5 years or more. Metformin 137-146 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 23-26 27162518-7 2015 Vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in patients who have been on metformin for >=10 years compared with patients with <10 years history of metformin use. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 27162518-7 2015 Vitamin B12 level was significantly lower in patients who have been on metformin for >=10 years compared with patients with <10 years history of metformin use. Metformin 151-160 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 27162518-8 2015 Similarly, patients who were on metformin at a dose of >1000 mg/day had significantly lower vitamin B12 level when compared with patients on <=1000 mg/day. Metformin 32-41 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 103-106 27162518-9 2015 CONCLUSION: Low serum vitamin B12 level is associated with longer duration and higher dose of metformin use. Metformin 94-103 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 30-33 27162518-10 2015 Therefore, routine determination of vitamin B12 level in patients with T2DM on high dose of metformin and those with prolonged use of metformin might help in identifying patients that would benefit from vitamin B12 supplements. Metformin 92-101 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 44-47 27162518-10 2015 Therefore, routine determination of vitamin B12 level in patients with T2DM on high dose of metformin and those with prolonged use of metformin might help in identifying patients that would benefit from vitamin B12 supplements. Metformin 134-143 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 44-47 27323792-0 2016 Comparison of 2 Population Health Management Approaches to Increase Vitamin B12 Monitoring in Patients Taking Metformin. Metformin 110-119 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 76-79 27323792-2 2016 OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of and time required for 2 pharmacist-driven population health management interventions to improve vitamin B12 monitoring in patients taking metformin. Metformin 182-191 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 148-151 27190787-0 2016 Association Between Serum B12 and Serum Homocysteine Levels in Diabetic Patients on Metformin. Metformin 84-93 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 26-29 27190787-1 2016 INTRODUCTION: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and metformin both can lower serum B12 (s.B12). Metformin 50-59 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 81-84 27190787-1 2016 INTRODUCTION: Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and metformin both can lower serum B12 (s.B12). Metformin 50-59 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 88-91 26233336-2 2016 Metformin therapy may reduce vitamin B12 plasma levels, thus contributing to DPN. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 37-40 26233336-5 2016 Metformin-treated subjects (n = 124, 47 %) showed significantly lower levels of vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), but the prevalence of DPN was not different when compared to those not treated with this drug (33 vs. 27 %, P = NS). Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 88-91 25315630-1 2015 AIMS: To investigate the associations of vitamin B12 (cobalamin and holotranscobalamin) status with depression, cognition and neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin. Metformin 176-185 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 49-52 25388747-9 2015 After reviewing the evidence, no real recommendation on the use of vitamin supplements in type 2 diabetes mellitus can be issued, however patients using metformin during prolongued periods may need folic acid and vitamin B12. Metformin 153-162 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 221-224 25331307-0 2014 The prevalence of low vitamin B12 status in people with type 2 diabetes receiving metformin therapy in New Zealand--a clinical audit. Metformin 82-91 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 30-33 25331307-1 2014 AIM: Metformin, the most common hypoglycaemic agent used in type 2 diabetes, is associated with reduced serum vitamin B12 concentrations. Metformin 5-14 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 118-121 25331307-2 2014 This cross sectional observational study determines the prevalence of low vitamin B12 status in people with type 2 diabetes on metformin therapy in both primary and secondary care in New Zealand. Metformin 127-136 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 82-85 25331307-8 2014 CONCLUSION: Low serum B12 concentration is a common occurrence in people with type 2 Diabetes treated with Metformin. Metformin 107-116 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 23751310-0 2013 Adverse effect of metformin therapy on serum vitamin B12 and folate: short-term treatment causes disadvantages? Metformin 18-27 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 53-56 24674102-4 2014 We present a case of long term metformin use resulting in vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 31-40 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 66-69 23751310-6 2013 We postulate that even a few-month treatment with metformin results in the decrease of vitamin B12 and folate. Metformin 50-59 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 95-98 25299054-0 2014 Higher prevalence of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency in sulfonylurea combination compared with insulin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Metformin 21-30 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 47-50 25299054-1 2014 Long-term and high-dose treatment with metformin is known to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 39-48 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 88-91 25299054-2 2014 We investigated whether the prevalence of B12 deficiency was different in patients treated with different combination of hypoglycemic agents with metformin during the same time period. Metformin 146-155 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 42-45 25299054-9 2014 The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in the metformin-treated patients was significantly higher in the S+M group compared with the I+M group (17.4% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.001). Metformin 48-57 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 26-29 25299054-11 2014 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with metformin combined with sulfonylurea require clinical attention for vitamin B12 deficiency and regular monitoring of their vitamin B12 levels. Metformin 95-104 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 171-174 25299054-11 2014 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with metformin combined with sulfonylurea require clinical attention for vitamin B12 deficiency and regular monitoring of their vitamin B12 levels. Metformin 95-104 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 226-229 25283155-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Metformin, a standard therapy in type 2 diabetes, reduces vitamin B12 levels. Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 78-81 25283155-7 2014 RESULTS: The prevalence rates of vitamin B12 deficiency (<191 ng/L) were 27% and 12% in Europeans and Indians, respectively and higher in metformin treated type 2 diabetes patients. Metformin 141-150 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 41-44 25283155-11 2014 Type 2 diabetes management guidelines should include the recommendation for regular testing for B12 levels, especially for those on metformin. Metformin 132-141 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 96-99 24972480-7 2014 Logistic regression models were developed to explore the association between B12 deficiency and metformin dose. Metformin 96-105 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 77-80 24972480-13 2014 It was observed that OP who consumed high doses of metformin had 1.9 times the risk of B12 deficiency (OR: 1.9; 95%CI: 1,08- 3,30). Metformin 51-60 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 87-90 24972480-14 2014 CONCLUSION: These results show a strong association between high doses of metformin and low levels of vitamin B12 in diabetic elderly. Metformin 74-83 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 110-113 24346380-9 2013 Spearman"s rank correlation between cumulative metformin use and B12 level was calculated. Metformin 47-56 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 65-68 24346380-11 2013 RESULTS: Mean serum B12 levels was significantly lower in metformin exposed group (n=84) compared with nonmetformin exposed group (n=52) (410+-230.7 versus 549.2+-244.7, P=0.0011). Metformin 58-67 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 20-23 24346380-15 2013 There was significant negative correlation between cumulative metformin dose and vitamin B12 level (r=-0.68, P<0.0001). Metformin 62-71 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 89-92 23751310-7 2013 However, supplementation of vitamin B12 rather than the combination of vitamin B12 and folate might be profitable based on the mechanism of metformin on vitamins in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 140-149 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 36-39 23751310-3 2013 Recent observational studies, however, have demonstrated that long-term metformin therapy increases the probability of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency, and might contribute to the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 72-81 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 127-130 23751310-4 2013 Despite metformin is widely used and extensively studied, randomized controlled trials performed to explore the effects of metformin on vitamin B12 and folate are limited. Metformin 123-132 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 144-147 23402786-0 2013 Metformin increases liver accumulation of vitamin B12 - an experimental study in rats. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 50-53 23168250-9 2013 Metformin treatment was associated with a lower total serum vitamin B12, but a comparable RBC-B12 and a slightly lower MMA and better methylation index. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 68-71 23168250-9 2013 Metformin treatment was associated with a lower total serum vitamin B12, but a comparable RBC-B12 and a slightly lower MMA and better methylation index. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 94-97 23168250-11 2013 Metformin treatment was associated with low serum vitamin B12 and improved intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism despite low serum vitamin B12. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 58-61 23168250-11 2013 Metformin treatment was associated with low serum vitamin B12 and improved intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism despite low serum vitamin B12. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 97-100 23402786-1 2013 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Patients treated with metformin exhibit low levels of plasma vitamin B12 (B12), and are considered at risk for developing B12 deficiency. Metformin 39-48 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 86-89 23168250-11 2013 Metformin treatment was associated with low serum vitamin B12 and improved intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism despite low serum vitamin B12. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 97-100 23402786-1 2013 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Patients treated with metformin exhibit low levels of plasma vitamin B12 (B12), and are considered at risk for developing B12 deficiency. Metformin 39-48 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 91-94 23402786-1 2013 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Patients treated with metformin exhibit low levels of plasma vitamin B12 (B12), and are considered at risk for developing B12 deficiency. Metformin 39-48 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 91-94 23402786-2 2013 In this study, we investigated the effect of metformin treatment on B12 uptake and distribution in rats. Metformin 45-54 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 68-71 23402786-5 2013 RESULTS: Three weeks of metformin treatment reduced plasma B12 by 22% or 289 [47-383] pmol/L (median and [range]) (p = 0.001), while no effect was observed on unsaturated B12-binding capacity. Metformin 24-33 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 59-62 23402786-5 2013 RESULTS: Three weeks of metformin treatment reduced plasma B12 by 22% or 289 [47-383] pmol/L (median and [range]) (p = 0.001), while no effect was observed on unsaturated B12-binding capacity. Metformin 24-33 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 171-174 23402786-6 2013 Compared with controls, the amount of B12 in the liver was 36% (p = 0.007) higher in metformin-treated rats, while the B12 content in the kidney was 34% (p = 0.013) lower. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41 23402786-6 2013 Compared with controls, the amount of B12 in the liver was 36% (p = 0.007) higher in metformin-treated rats, while the B12 content in the kidney was 34% (p = 0.013) lower. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 119-122 23402786-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results show that metformin treatment increases liver accumulation of B12, thereby resulting in decreases in circulating B12 and kidney accumulation of the vitamin. Metformin 52-61 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 104-107 23402786-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These results show that metformin treatment increases liver accumulation of B12, thereby resulting in decreases in circulating B12 and kidney accumulation of the vitamin. Metformin 52-61 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 155-158 23402786-9 2013 Our data questions whether the low plasma B12 observed in patients treated with metformin reflects impaired B12 status, and rather suggests altered tissue distribution and metabolism of the vitamin. Metformin 80-89 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 42-45 21236717-2 2011 In healthy individuals, metformin affects glucose, vitamin B12 and the digestive uptake of bile salts. Metformin 24-33 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 59-62 24018893-1 2013 Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 57-66 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 83-86 24018893-1 2013 Aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between metformin-induced vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metformin 57-66 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 88-91 24018893-3 2013 Firstly, B12 status was analyzed in 62 consecutive metformin-treated patients. Metformin 51-60 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 9-12 24018893-5 2013 Among the 62 consecutive metformin-treated patients, B12 was deficient (<150 pmol/L) in 8 (13%) and borderline-deficient (150-220 pmol/L) in 18 (29%): the larger the metformin dosage, the lower the B12 (P=0.02, Spearman"s rho=-0.30). Metformin 25-34 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 53-56 24018893-6 2013 There were independent correlations between metformin use and B12 lowering (P=0.02, r = -0.25), and B12 lowering and elevation of homocysteine (P<0.01, r=-0.34). Metformin 44-53 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 62-65 24018893-9 2013 Correlation between B12 and homocysteine was stronger in metformin-treated (P<0.01, r=-0.48) than non-metformin-treated (P=0.04, r=-0.38) patients. Metformin 57-66 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 20-23 24018893-9 2013 Correlation between B12 and homocysteine was stronger in metformin-treated (P<0.01, r=-0.48) than non-metformin-treated (P=0.04, r=-0.38) patients. Metformin 105-114 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 20-23 24018893-11 2013 Metformin-induced B12 lowering in diabetes was associated with elevation of homocysteine, and hyperhomocysteinemia was independently related to retinopathy. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 18-21 24018893-12 2013 Metformin-induced B12 deficiency was correctable with B12 supplementation. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 18-21 22221769-7 2012 Vegetarianism and metformin use contribute to depressed vitamin B12 levels and may independently increase the risk for cognitive impairment. Metformin 18-27 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 64-67 22770998-0 2012 Recommendations for diagnosis and management of metformin-induced vitamin B12 (Cbl) deficiency. Metformin 48-57 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 74-77 22770998-1 2012 Metformin treatment is a known pharmacological cause of vitamin B12 (Cbl) deficiency with controversial responsible mechanisms. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 64-67 19024576-4 2008 The most frequent causes are gastric disorders, pancreatic insufficiency, or chronic drug treatment (proton pump inhibitors or metformin) that interfere with the digestion of vitamin B12 digestion, or disorders of the ileum mucosa reducing the absorption of vitamin B12. Metformin 127-136 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 183-186 21390459-0 2011 Vitamin B12 in metformin-treated diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study in Brazil. Metformin 15-24 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 21390459-5 2011 Serum vitamin B12 levels were negatively associated with age (B = -3.17; beta= -0.171; p = 0.037) and duration of metformin use (B= -33.36; beta= -0.161; p = 0.048), and positively associated with the estimated intake of vitamin B12 (B= 67.96; beta= 0.249; p = 0.002). Metformin 114-123 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 14-17 21390459-6 2011 CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated diabetic patients. Metformin 88-97 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 70-73 20158555-8 2010 Metformin use was clearly associated with lower vitamin B12 levels. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 56-59 20158555-9 2010 In patients aged 65 and older, an inverse correlation was found between vitamin B12 levels and albumin, metformin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use. Metformin 104-113 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 80-83 20134380-0 2010 Metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as a peripheral neuropathy. Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 26-29 20134380-1 2010 Chronic metformin use results in vitamin B12 deficiency in 30% of patients. Metformin 8-17 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 41-44 20134380-6 2010 To my knowledge, this is the first report of metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency causing neuropathy. Metformin 45-54 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 71-74 19024576-4 2008 The most frequent causes are gastric disorders, pancreatic insufficiency, or chronic drug treatment (proton pump inhibitors or metformin) that interfere with the digestion of vitamin B12 digestion, or disorders of the ileum mucosa reducing the absorption of vitamin B12. Metformin 127-136 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 266-269 17908667-0 2007 Hyperhomocysteinemia, deep vein thrombosis and vitamin B12 deficiency in a metformin-treated diabetic patient. Metformin 75-84 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 55-58 17908667-1 2007 Vitamin B12 deficiency may be induced by long-term use of metformin, which may in turn lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Metformin 58-67 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 17908667-8 2007 Our findings highly suggested the role of metformin in causing vitamin B12 deficiency, which may serve as an additional risk factor for venous thrombosis in diabetic patients. Metformin 42-51 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 71-74 17908667-9 2007 Our report also highlights the need to check vitamin B12 levels during metformin treatment. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 53-56 14535967-3 2003 We investigated whether 16 weeks of treatment with metformin affects serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Metformin 51-60 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 126-129 14535967-0 2003 Effects of short-term treatment with metformin on serum concentrations of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Metformin 37-46 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 107-110 14535967-11 2003 RESULTS: Amongst those who completed 16 weeks of treatment, metformin use, as compared with placebo, was associated with an increase in homocysteine of 4% (0.2 to 8; P=0.039) and with decreases in folate [-7% (-1.4 to -13); P=0.024] and vitamin B12 [-14% (-4.2 to -24); P<0.0001]. Metformin 60-69 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 245-248 14535967-2 2003 However, metformin may decrease vitamin B12 levels and increase levels of homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk factor. Metformin 9-18 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 40-43 14535967-13 2003 CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 diabetes, 16 weeks of treatment with metformin reduces levels of folate and vitamin B12, which results in a modest increase in homocysteine. Metformin 73-82 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 120-123 35631186-0 2022 Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Diabetes on Metformin: Arab Countries. Metformin 52-61 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 34308109-0 2021 Assessment of vitamin B12 deficiency and B12 screening trends for patients on metformin: a retrospective cohort case review. Metformin 78-87 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 22-25 34308109-0 2021 Assessment of vitamin B12 deficiency and B12 screening trends for patients on metformin: a retrospective cohort case review. Metformin 78-87 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 41-44 34308109-1 2021 Objectives: Our study investigated the use of vitamin B12 testing in a large cohort of patients on metformin and assesses appropriateness and benefits of screening recommendations for vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 99-108 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 54-57 34308109-4 2021 Primary outcome was incidence of B12 deficiency diagnosed in patients on metformin. Metformin 73-82 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 33-36 34308109-5 2021 Secondary outcome was occurrence of B12 testing in the patient population on metformin. Metformin 77-86 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 36-39 34308109-9 2021 Results: Of 13 489 patients on metformin, 6051 (44.9%) were tested for vitamin B12 deficiency, of which 202 (3.3%) tested positive (vs 2.2% of comparisons). Metformin 31-40 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 79-82 34308109-14 2021 Conclusions: Based on our study"s findings of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients on metformin who are greater than 65 years old and have been using it for over 5 years, we recommend that physicians consider screening in these populations. Metformin 84-93 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 54-57 35592896-0 2022 The effect of metformin on vitamin B12 levels in pediatric patients. Metformin 14-23 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 35-38 35592896-2 2022 In adults, one well-documented side effect of metformin is vitamin B12 deficiency. Metformin 46-55 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 67-70 35592896-4 2022 This study examined the changes of vitamin B12 levels in pediatric patients being treated with metformin administration. Metformin 95-104 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 43-46 35592896-6 2022 The effects of varying doses of metformin on the mean vitamin B12 level were investigated at 6-month, 12-month, 24-month and 36-month intervals. Metformin 32-41 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 62-65 35592896-7 2022 The degree of compliance of metformin intake on vitamin B12 level also was studied. Metformin 28-37 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 56-59 35592896-9 2022 Mean vitamin B12 drop was only noticeable (p<0.05) in patients taking high dose of metformin with a good compliance. Metformin 83-92 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 13-16 35592896-13 2022 Our findings suggest metformin treatment in children does not cause vitamin B12 deficiency; however, long-term treatment could reduce vitamin B12 levels when patients take a high dose consistently. Metformin 21-30 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 142-145 34605456-0 2021 Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Compared to those Never on Metformin: A Cross-sectional Study from Bangladesh. Metformin 70-79 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 14-17 34605456-2 2021 Metformin use is a known cause of B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Metformin 0-9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 34-37 34605456-7 2021 Subjects in the metformin group had significantly lower B12 levels compared to the non-metformin group (448.5 (343.0-570.9) vs. 549.0 (487.5-847.0) pg/mL, median (IQR), p<0.001). Metformin 16-25 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 56-59 34605456-7 2021 Subjects in the metformin group had significantly lower B12 levels compared to the non-metformin group (448.5 (343.0-570.9) vs. 549.0 (487.5-847.0) pg/mL, median (IQR), p<0.001). Metformin 87-96 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 56-59 34605456-11 2021 B12 levels had weak negative correlation (r = -0.061, p = 0.624) with gram-years of metformin use. Metformin 84-93 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 0-3 34605456-12 2021 Periodic screening for serum vitamin B12 levels should be done to identify metformin-induced B12 deficiency in T2DM, especially those with PN. Metformin 75-84 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 93-96 34322416-0 2021 Serum vitamin B12 status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin: A single-center cross-sectional study from Bangladesh. Metformin 70-79 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 14-17 34322416-1 2021 Background: Metformin use is a known cause of B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 46-49 34322416-3 2021 Objective: The present study aims to assess serum vitamin B12 levels in patients with T2DM on metformin. Metformin 94-103 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 58-61 34322416-8 2021 Serum B12 levels had a strong negative correlation with duration of metformin use and gram-years of metformin use. Metformin 68-77 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 6-9 34322416-8 2021 Serum B12 levels had a strong negative correlation with duration of metformin use and gram-years of metformin use. Metformin 100-109 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 6-9 35631186-4 2022 RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in this review which indicated an association between taking metformin and B12 deficiency in patients with T2DM in Arab countries. Metformin 99-108 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 113-116 35631186-5 2022 This B12 deficiency was found to be negatively associated with the dose and duration of metformin therapy. Metformin 88-97 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 5-8 35631186-6 2022 The physician"s knowledge of current ADA recommendations regarding supplementation with and screening of the B12 level for T2DM patients on metformin was also found to have an effect. Metformin 140-149 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 109-112 35631186-7 2022 CONCLUSION: Metformin therapy is associated with B12 deficiency among people with T2DM in Arabic countries. Metformin 12-21 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 49-52 35631186-8 2022 Thus, diabetes must be managed in compliance with current guidelines and recommendations, and B12 levels must be routinely monitored, particularly in those who have been long-term takers of metformin, to ensure the suitable management of diabetes and its complications. Metformin 190-199 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 94-97 35631186-2 2022 AIM: The goal of this study was to review the published studies that were conducted to determine the relationship between metformin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and vitamin B12 deficiency and to identify possible complications in this relationship. Metformin 122-131 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 190-193 35399475-0 2022 Frequency of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Taking Metformin. Metformin 71-80 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 21-24 35399475-2 2022 Vitamin B12 malabsorption is one of the reported side effects of metformin. Metformin 65-74 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 8-11 35399475-3 2022 Our study aims to assess the correlation of B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetics using metformin for their treatment. Metformin 85-94 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 44-47 35399475-9 2022 Serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be declining with the increasing duration of metformin use (p-value: <0.0001). Metformin 84-93 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 14-17 35399475-10 2022 Conclusion Our study found a significant effect of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin-treated patients. Metformin 77-86 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 59-62 35399475-11 2022 Therefore, it is prudent to recognize B12 deficiency as a potential side effect of long-term use of metformin. Metformin 100-109 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 38-41