PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 14693191-4 2004 The present findings support the hypothesis that increased levels of NGF play an important part in the increased activity of the acetylcholine-synthesising enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, in the rat submandibular gland following sympathetic denervation. Acetylcholine 129-142 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 164-189 17192612-8 2006 Lymphocytes express all enzymes needed for ACh synthesis, including choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Acetylcholine 43-46 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 68-93 15664119-6 2005 AChE activity was associated to ChAT activity, and even more, to "in vivo" and "in vitro" basal ACh release. Acetylcholine 0-3 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 32-36 16165286-4 2005 That [3H]-acetylcholine was synthesized from [3H]-choline was demonstrated by the lack of [3H]-acetylcholine release following incubation with either the choline uptake inhibitor hemicholinium or the choline acetyltransferase inhibitor bromoacetylcholine. Acetylcholine 10-23 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 200-225 14747730-1 2004 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline in cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 84-97 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 14747730-1 2004 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline in cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 84-97 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 27-31 15710875-5 2005 Treatment aimed to restore acetylcholine content through chronic administration of selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine and donepezil) restores cognitive performance, choline acetyltransferase activity, and nerve growth factor mRNA expression. Acetylcholine 27-40 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 186-211 16203105-5 2005 Here, using immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase, an enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, we demonstrate the emergence of cholinergic supernumerary axons at 6 weeks after a unilateral L5-S2 ventral root avulsion and acute implantation of the avulsed L6 ventral root into the adult rat spinal cord. Acetylcholine 91-104 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 37-62 15477102-1 2004 The biosynthetic enzyme for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) (E.C. Acetylcholine 49-62 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 91-95 15477102-3 2004 ChAT catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to choline to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 110-123 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-4 10501193-0 1999 Evoked acetylcholine release by immortalized brain endothelial cells genetically modified to express choline acetyltransferase and/or the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Acetylcholine 7-20 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 101-126 12654636-7 2003 The close apposition of CHT1 to reported sites of localization of choline acetyltransferase in these cells is strongly in favor of ACh synthesis being fueled by choline uptake via CHT1 after release and breakdown of ACh at the luminal surface. Acetylcholine 131-134 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 66-91 12654636-7 2003 The close apposition of CHT1 to reported sites of localization of choline acetyltransferase in these cells is strongly in favor of ACh synthesis being fueled by choline uptake via CHT1 after release and breakdown of ACh at the luminal surface. Acetylcholine 216-219 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 66-91 12675143-1 2003 Uncovering the way membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) interacts with membranes and with which membrane in cholinergic neurons may help in understanding its role in acetylcholine metabolism. Acetylcholine 177-190 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 34-59 12654342-4 2003 Seven days after injection, a marked reduction in the number of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons was found, along with an intense glia reaction, selective activation of p38MAPK at the injection site and a significant decrease in the extracellular levels of acetylcholine in the cortex ipsilateral to the injection site. Acetylcholine 267-280 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 64-89 11958528-1 2002 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT, acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6), involved in the learning and memory processes is responsible for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 168-181 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 11589503-1 2001 It has been confirmed that the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is present in blood; it is synthesized in T-lymphocytes by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and released upon T-lymphocyte activation. Acetylcholine 48-61 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 127-152 11589503-1 2001 It has been confirmed that the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is present in blood; it is synthesized in T-lymphocytes by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and released upon T-lymphocyte activation. Acetylcholine 63-66 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 127-152 10708917-1 2000 Using a recently developed antiserum against a splice variant (pChAT) of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme which synthesizes acetylcholine, we carried out an immunohistochemical examination in the digestive canal of rats. Acetylcholine 129-142 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 73-98 9402051-4 1997 Primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes showed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme activity of 3 nmol/mg protein/h; ChAT activity was blocked by 10 microM bromoacetylcholine. Acetylcholine 160-178 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 48-73 10613523-2 1999 No release could be elicited in native N18 cells or in a N18-choline acetyltransferase clone in which acetylcholine synthesis was induced by transfection with the gene for rat choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 102-115 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 61-86 10613523-2 1999 No release could be elicited in native N18 cells or in a N18-choline acetyltransferase clone in which acetylcholine synthesis was induced by transfection with the gene for rat choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 102-115 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 176-201 10613523-3 1999 However, acetylcholine release was operative in a To/9 clone which was co-transfected with complementary DNAs from rat choline acetyltransferase and Torpedo mediatophore 16,000 mol. Acetylcholine 9-22 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 119-144 9493197-4 1998 Moreover activities of choline acetyltransferase, which is the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine, and activities of acetylcholinesterase, which is the degradative enzyme of acetylcholine, were measured in the anterior cortex which was recognized decrease of the acetylcholine level and the hippocampus which could not be detected the difference of the acetylcholine level. Acetylcholine 83-96 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 23-48 9067843-2 1997 In rats, NGF activates gene expression of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and prevents age- and lesion-induced degeneration of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 46-59 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 77-102 9099809-7 1997 The observed increases in choline acetyltransferase activity in two subcellular fractions appears to compensate for decreased choline precursor availability, allowing acetylcholine synthesis to be maintained at control levels. Acetylcholine 167-180 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 26-51 9099809-8 1997 The uncoupling of choline transport and acetylcholine synthesis in this situation represents a unique functional role for a subfraction of choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 40-53 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 139-164 9099809-1 1997 The present investigation examines the effects of phosphatase inhibition on short-term regulation of cholinergic function, with particular emphasis on choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme which synthesizes acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 207-220 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 151-176 9037520-7 1996 It is concluded that, like choline acetyltransferase, the mRNA for the putative acetylcholine vesicular transporter is another specific marker for neurons utilizing acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine 80-93 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 27-52 8832650-1 1996 The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and then transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Acetylcholine 21-34 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 70-95 9023728-1 1996 A subset of cerebellar mossy fibres is rich in choline acetyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 120-133 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 47-72 9023728-13 1996 The ultrastructure of these synapses is compatible with the possibility that choline acetyltransferase-positive mossy fibres co-release acetylcholine and glutamate. Acetylcholine 136-149 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 77-102 8832650-1 1996 The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and then transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Acetylcholine 36-39 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 70-95 8207327-6 1994 Choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase activities were assayed by transferring of [14C]acetyl group from [14C]ACoA to choline or carnitine and estimating [14C]-acetylcholine or [14C]acetylcarnitine. Acetylcholine 179-192 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 7700513-3 1994 The classical neurotransmitter acetylcholine, synthesized by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase, is used by five groups of neurons in the rat spinal cord. Acetylcholine 31-44 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 72-97 7801322-2 1994 Neonatal rats made hypothyroid by other means (chemical or surgical) have subnormal activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes synthesis of acetylcholine, in the hippocampus and basal forebrain. Acetylcholine 159-172 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 96-121 7651609-9 1995 The reduction in choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity was closely paralleled by a decrease in basal acetylcholine release from the parietal cortex ipsilateral to the lesion. Acetylcholine 106-119 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 17-42 8207327-1 1994 Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the synthesis of acetylcholine from choline and acetylcoenzyme A (ACoA) in both nervous and non-nervous tissues. Acetylcholine 53-66 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 8207327-7 1994 This study gave the following results: (a) Bromoacetylcholine (BrACh) was a selective inhibitor of purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 2.2 microM); (b) (R)-bromoacetylcarnitine [(R)-BrACa] was more potent for inhibiting purified carnitine acetyltransferase (I50, 4 microM) than purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 46 microM); (c) Rat retinal sonicate gave choline acetyltransferase activity of 98 +/- 6 nmol of ACh formed/mg/10 min. Acetylcholine 65-68 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 108-133 8207327-7 1994 This study gave the following results: (a) Bromoacetylcholine (BrACh) was a selective inhibitor of purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 2.2 microM); (b) (R)-bromoacetylcarnitine [(R)-BrACa] was more potent for inhibiting purified carnitine acetyltransferase (I50, 4 microM) than purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 46 microM); (c) Rat retinal sonicate gave choline acetyltransferase activity of 98 +/- 6 nmol of ACh formed/mg/10 min. Acetylcholine 65-68 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 292-317 8207327-7 1994 This study gave the following results: (a) Bromoacetylcholine (BrACh) was a selective inhibitor of purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 2.2 microM); (b) (R)-bromoacetylcarnitine [(R)-BrACa] was more potent for inhibiting purified carnitine acetyltransferase (I50, 4 microM) than purified choline acetyltransferase (I50, 46 microM); (c) Rat retinal sonicate gave choline acetyltransferase activity of 98 +/- 6 nmol of ACh formed/mg/10 min. Acetylcholine 65-68 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 292-317 8207327-9 1994 The net retinal choline acetyltransferase activity was 51 nmol acetylcholine/mg protein/10 min; (d) Rat retinal sonicate contained carnitine acetyltransferase activity of 102 +/- 7 nmol acetylcarnitine formed/mg protein/10 min. Acetylcholine 63-76 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 16-41 8228993-1 1993 Choline acetyltransferase catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from choline and acetyl-CoA in cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 53-66 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 8293304-3 1993 By double immunofluorescence using a polyclonal antibody raised against the rat 5-HT2 receptor in conjunction with an antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, we have shown that cholinergic neurons in the rat laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei express 5-HT2 receptors. Acetylcholine 194-207 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 135-160 8376990-0 1993 In vivo production and release of acetylcholine from primary fibroblasts genetically modified to express choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 34-47 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 105-130 8239296-10 1993 When implanted into the hippocampus of rats, the in vivo microdialysis technique revealed that the ChAT-expressing fibroblasts continued to produce and release acetylcholine after grafting. Acetylcholine 160-173 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 99-103 8392667-1 1993 Choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme which catalyses the formation of acetylcholine within cholinergic nerve terminals, exists in both cytosolic and membrane-associated subcellular pools. Acetylcholine 71-84 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 8227520-2 1993 Cholinergic agents can alter circadian rhythm phase, and fibres immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase, the biosynthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, are present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Acetylcholine 138-151 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 83-108 8247273-5 1993 After three months of ethanol consumption, and one week withdrawal, acetylcholine release in freely moving rats, investigated by microdialysis technique coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography quantification, was significantly decreased by 57 and 32% in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively, while choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly decreased (-30%) only in the hippocampus. Acetylcholine 68-81 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 312-337 8223419-6 1993 Choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, and muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1 and M2), visualized respectively by an immunocytochemical procedure and binding autoradiography, did not differ in epileptic and normal rats. Acetylcholine 52-65 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 8485454-1 1993 It has been suggested that the activity of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), is substantially reduced in the neocortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer"s and other aging brains. Acetylcholine 87-100 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 102-127 8392667-2 1993 In the present study, alteration in nerve terminal Cl- homeostasis was used as an experimental tool to elucidate the role of membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase in regulation of the biosynthesis of acetylcholine in rat hippocampal synaptosomes under basal or resting conditions. Acetylcholine 203-216 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 140-165 8392667-8 1993 Experimental manipulations designed to alter neuronal Cl- homeostasis resulted in selective changes in membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase activity, thereby allowing the first direct examination of its physiological role in regulation of acetylcholine synthesis. Acetylcholine 243-256 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 118-143 8450976-6 1993 Combined light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry for choline acetyltransferase, the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, revealed multipolar immunopositive neurons with long aspiny dendrites in the septal culture. Acetylcholine 96-109 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 65-90 1468577-0 1992 Enhanced acetylcholine secretion in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells transfected with rat choline acetyltransferase cDNA. Acetylcholine 9-22 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 102-127 1584771-1 1992 The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6). Acetylcholine 21-34 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 53-78 1380145-1 1992 Nerve growth factor (NGF) increases the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, in rat basal forebrain neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Acetylcholine 111-124 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 52-77 1548478-0 1992 High-level synthesis and fate of acetylcholine in baculovirus-infected cells: characterization and purification of recombinant rat choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 33-46 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 131-156 1548488-1 1992 Choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of acetylcholine, provides a convenient index for cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 71-84 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 3281983-1 1988 The postsynaptic targets of cholinergic boutons in the rat neostriatum were assessed by examination in the electron microscope of boutons that were immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 219-232 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 167-192 2215852-3 1990 Transfer of the acetyl moiety from acetyl-L-carnitine to acetylcholine was dependent on concentration of acetyl-L-carnitine and required the presence of coenzyme A, which is normally produced as an inhibitory product of choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 57-70 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 220-245 2720912-4 1989 Acetylcholine synthesis was indicated by monoclonal antibody labeling of choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 0-13 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 73-98 2539972-5 1989 The immunocytochemical evidence for colocalization of CAT within the ACTH cell was strengthened by the finding of a significantly higher rate of [3H]ACh synthesis in a corticotroph-enriched cell population obtained by separating pituitary cells on a velocity sedimentation gradient. Acetylcholine 149-152 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 54-57 2707365-3 1989 A subpopulation of cells containing choline acetyltransferase (CAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, exhibited high-affinity binding, employing combined immunocytochemistry and 125I-NGF radioautography. Acetylcholine 73-86 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 36-61 2707365-3 1989 A subpopulation of cells containing choline acetyltransferase (CAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, exhibited high-affinity binding, employing combined immunocytochemistry and 125I-NGF radioautography. Acetylcholine 73-86 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 63-66 2926485-3 1989 The C1 area and its surround contain a heretofore unrecognized network of varicose neuronal processes and perikarya labeled immunocytochemically with a monoclonal antibody to the ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (CAT). Acetylcholine 179-182 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 204-229 1814764-4 1991 This decrease in hippocampal ACh content was accompanied by a reduction of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity. Acetylcholine 29-32 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 75-100 1814764-4 1991 This decrease in hippocampal ACh content was accompanied by a reduction of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity. Acetylcholine 29-32 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 102-105 1775235-10 1991 Changes in choline acetyltransferase activity and the behavioural efficacy of cholinergic-rich grafts are consistent with the involvement of acetylcholine in the behavioural deficits and recovery displayed by lesioned and grafted groups, but do not rule out contributions from other factors. Acetylcholine 141-154 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 11-36 2215852-1 1990 Synthesis of [3H]acetylcholine from [3H]acetyl-L-carnitine was demonstrated in vitro by coupling the enzyme systems choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 13-30 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 116-141 2215931-2 1990 In previous investigations, we showed that this compound binds irreversibly to the choline carrier thereby inhibiting choline transport into nerve terminals; it also acts as both a substrate and inhibitor of the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Acetylcholine 212-225 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 246-271 2575007-2 1989 Ultrastructural localization of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the biosynthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, and its relation to neurons exhibiting immunoreactivity for catecholamine- (tyrosine hydroxylase; TH) or adrenaline (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase; PNMT) -synthesizing enzymes were examined in the RVL using dual immunoautoradiographic and peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) labeling methods. Acetylcholine 94-107 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 32-57 2468738-4 1989 The time course of ANP content reduction after denervation was similar but rather faster than that of activity of the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, an observation suggesting that ANP may partly contribute to cholinergic synaptic transmission. Acetylcholine 118-131 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 153-178 2679477-6 1989 We also studied the changes of cholinergic neurons in experimental hydrocephalic rat brains by immunohistochemical methods with anti-choline acetyltransferase (CAT), the antibody for the synthetic enzyme of acetylcholine which is thought to exist only in cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 207-220 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 133-158 3293981-12 1988 These data suggest that certain pituitary cells can express CAT activity and that these cells exert a tonic inhibitory activity on GH and PRL release which is mediated by a cholinomimetic substance, possibly acetylcholine, through a muscarinic receptor. Acetylcholine 208-221 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 60-63 3401740-3 1988 We therefore sought to determine quantitatively the relationship between muscarinic acetylcholine receptor density and the density of cholinergic innervation as reflected by activity of the biosynthetic enzyme for acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Acetylcholine 84-97 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 229-254 2827069-4 1987 Cholinergic cells were identified in the same tissue sections when subsequently immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase, the biosynthetic enzyme of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 183-196 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 129-154 3554208-5 1987 The activity of the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, was increased at the late time of observation. Acetylcholine 20-33 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 55-80 3113664-0 1987 Veratridine-induced activation of choline-O-acetyltransferase activity in rat hippocampal tissue: relationship to the veratridine-induced release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 149-162 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 34-61 3544870-3 1987 We found regional cardiac acetylcholine concentrations in controls follow the nonuniform pattern seen with choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, being highest in the atria (8-12 nmol/g) and lower in the ventricles (0.7-1.6 nmol/g). Acetylcholine 26-39 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 107-132 3544870-3 1987 We found regional cardiac acetylcholine concentrations in controls follow the nonuniform pattern seen with choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity, being highest in the atria (8-12 nmol/g) and lower in the ventricles (0.7-1.6 nmol/g). Acetylcholine 26-39 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 134-137 6527795-10 1984 The increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in wild type cells was accompanied by an increase in acetylcholine levels, demonstrating that chloroadenosine also regulates storage of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 104-117 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 16-41 3785667-10 1986 The two forms of the enzyme did not exhibit different affinities for their substrates; they were found to differ with respect to their sensitivity to inhibition by increasing concentrations of the two products of the reaction, acetylcholine and coenzyme A and heat inactivation at 45 degrees C. Most probably the hydrophilic and amphiphilic activities correspond to what was referred to as soluble and non-ionically membrane-bound choline acetyltransferase, respectively. Acetylcholine 227-240 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 431-456 3953297-3 1986 The total activity of the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase remained unchanged. Acetylcholine 26-39 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 60-85 4033769-4 1985 Here we demonstrate the immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase in endothelial cells of small brain vessels, which is consistent with the view that the ACh originates from endothelial cells that can synthesize and store it. Acetylcholine 173-176 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 59-84 3980786-1 1985 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme and a definitive marker for cholinergic neurons, was localized immunocytochemically in the motor and somatic sensory regions of rat cerebral cortex with monoclonal antibodies. Acetylcholine 38-51 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 3512630-1 1986 The cholinergic innervation of the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (BL) was determined by the immunocytochemical localization of the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Acetylcholine 136-149 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 171-196 6389613-1 1984 A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme, has been used to localize ChAT within neurons in immunocytochemical preparations of adult rat spinal cord. Acetylcholine 63-76 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 25-50 6389613-1 1984 A monoclonal antibody to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the acetylcholine (ACh)-synthesizing enzyme, has been used to localize ChAT within neurons in immunocytochemical preparations of adult rat spinal cord. Acetylcholine 78-81 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 25-50 6527795-10 1984 The increase in choline acetyltransferase activity in wild type cells was accompanied by an increase in acetylcholine levels, demonstrating that chloroadenosine also regulates storage of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 187-200 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 16-41 6527796-3 1984 [3H]Acetylcholine synthesis and accumulation by 2-3-week old nodose cultures and choline acetyltransferase activity were increased (2.0 +/- 0.15)-fold and (2.0 +/- 0.48)-fold, respectively, upon growth with muscle-conditioned medium, whereas acetylcholinesterase was decreased (1.5 +/- 0.1)-fold (means +/- SEM, n = 5-9). Acetylcholine 4-17 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 81-106 6197336-5 1983 The untreated diabetic group showed statistically significant deficits in accumulation, proximal to 24 h sciatic nerve constrictions, of choline acetyltransferase activity by comparison with untreated controls (2.8 +/- 0.4 versus 5.1 +/- 0.4 nmol acetylcholine . Acetylcholine 247-260 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 137-162 6127677-11 1982 Choline acetyltransferase activity in freshly dissected preparations was about 30 nmol of ACh per gram per hour, Km 0.5 mM. Acetylcholine 90-93 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 6866328-1 1983 The presence of cholinergic neurons in rat cerebral cortex was demonstrated by immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme synthesizing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine 187-200 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 115-140 7071420-1 1982 Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme which catalyze the synthesis of acetylcholine is present in rat heart tissue on the first day of life. Acetylcholine 77-90 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 6175595-1 1981 The content and intra-axonal transport of acetylcholine (ACh) and the ACh-metabolizing enzymes choline-acetyl-transferase (CAT) and ACh-esterase (AChE) in the rat sciatic nerve were studied after various experimental procedures. Acetylcholine 42-55 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 123-126 20487868-6 1982 We suggest that in vivo 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)-pyridine does reduce the steady-state level of acetylcholine, but that the reduction is due to a general effect of the drug on the acetylcholine system and membranes, rather than to a specific inhibitory action on the choline acetyltransferase activity. Acetylcholine 91-104 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 262-287 7282408-1 1981 Parasympathetic decentralization of the rat submaxillary gland caused the activity of the acetylcholine forming enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, to decrease. Acetylcholine 90-103 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 120-145 6175595-1 1981 The content and intra-axonal transport of acetylcholine (ACh) and the ACh-metabolizing enzymes choline-acetyl-transferase (CAT) and ACh-esterase (AChE) in the rat sciatic nerve were studied after various experimental procedures. Acetylcholine 70-73 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 95-121 6175595-1 1981 The content and intra-axonal transport of acetylcholine (ACh) and the ACh-metabolizing enzymes choline-acetyl-transferase (CAT) and ACh-esterase (AChE) in the rat sciatic nerve were studied after various experimental procedures. Acetylcholine 70-73 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 123-126 33991492-2 2021 We have used microdissection of freeze-dried sections combined with radiometric assays to map the distributions in the rat inferior colliculus of the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes synthesis of acetylcholine, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which catalyzes its breakdown by hydrolysis. Acetylcholine 227-240 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 164-189 358843-1 1978 Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of acetylcholine according to the chemical equation: Acetyl-CoA + Choline in equilibrium Acetylcholine + CoA. Acetylcholine 62-75 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 358843-1 1978 Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of acetylcholine according to the chemical equation: Acetyl-CoA + Choline in equilibrium Acetylcholine + CoA. Acetylcholine 62-75 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 358843-1 1978 Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of acetylcholine according to the chemical equation: Acetyl-CoA + Choline in equilibrium Acetylcholine + CoA. Acetylcholine 148-161 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25 358843-1 1978 Choline acetyltransferase (CAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of acetylcholine according to the chemical equation: Acetyl-CoA + Choline in equilibrium Acetylcholine + CoA. Acetylcholine 148-161 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 27-30 647418-2 1978 A correlation between acetylcholine content and cholineacetyltransferase (ChAc) activity in discrete brain regions was found. Acetylcholine 22-35 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 48-72 647418-2 1978 A correlation between acetylcholine content and cholineacetyltransferase (ChAc) activity in discrete brain regions was found. Acetylcholine 22-35 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 74-78 899888-0 1977 Relationship between changes in the content of acetylcholine and the activities of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus of the rat after septal lesions. Acetylcholine 47-60 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 108-133 934441-0 1976 In vivo and in vitro effects of bromoacetylcholine on rat brain acetylcholine levels and choline acetyltransferase activity. Acetylcholine 32-50 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 89-114 934441-0 1976 In vivo and in vitro effects of bromoacetylcholine on rat brain acetylcholine levels and choline acetyltransferase activity. Acetylcholine 37-50 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 89-114 7446142-1 1980 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) injected into the lateral ventricles of rat bran in a dose of 600 microgram raised the level and increased the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) raising also the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) but had no effect on the activity of cholinesterase (AChE) in rat striatum. Acetylcholine 170-173 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 204-229 32019-9 1977 Acetylcholine synthesis (by choline acetyltransferase) disappears after lesions of septo-hippocampal fibres. Acetylcholine 0-13 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 28-53 33991492-2 2021 We have used microdissection of freeze-dried sections combined with radiometric assays to map the distributions in the rat inferior colliculus of the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which catalyzes synthesis of acetylcholine, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which catalyzes its breakdown by hydrolysis. Acetylcholine 227-240 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 191-195 27423041-3 2016 The key enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis, choline acetyltransferase, is known to be unselective as regards the fatty acid used for esterification of choline. Acetylcholine 31-44 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 56-81 32526238-6 2020 Immunohistochemical labeling for myenteric neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) neurons demonstrated a significant loss of presumptive nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholine (ACh) immunoreactive neurons in both 3-day and 3-week injured animals. Acetylcholine 195-208 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 85-110 32526238-6 2020 Immunohistochemical labeling for myenteric neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) neurons demonstrated a significant loss of presumptive nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholine (ACh) immunoreactive neurons in both 3-day and 3-week injured animals. Acetylcholine 210-213 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 85-110 30870587-2 2019 These alterations are associated with dysregulation of several cholinergic markers, such as the NGF receptor system and the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline-acetyl transferase (ChAT), in the medial septum and its target, the hippocampus. Acetylcholine 124-137 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 158-184 30870587-2 2019 These alterations are associated with dysregulation of several cholinergic markers, such as the NGF receptor system and the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme choline-acetyl transferase (ChAT), in the medial septum and its target, the hippocampus. Acetylcholine 124-137 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 186-190 32664537-8 2020 The expression of acetylcholine transferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus was assessed via immunohistochemistry. Acetylcholine 18-31 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 45-49 28505527-4 2017 In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. Acetylcholine 135-148 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 93-118 26452751-7 2016 The incubation of a second set of sections with antibodies against choline-acetyltransferase (the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis) showed the cholinergic neurons of the brainstem, however, without suggesting differences between groups. Acetylcholine 121-134 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 67-92 25930215-3 2015 Interestingly, in the hippocampus, greater activity and higher protein levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme that synthesizes acetylcholine, are associated with better performance on hippocampus-based learning and memory tasks. Acetylcholine 143-156 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 81-106 27087745-9 2016 In addition, F3.ChAT-receiving rats recuperated freezing time staying remote from the cat odor source, according to the recovery of brain ACh concentration. Acetylcholine 138-141 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 16-20 27941337-1 2016 BACKGROUND: CXCL12 is pivotal for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expressions of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine(ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. Acetylcholine 151-164 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 184-209 27941337-1 2016 BACKGROUND: CXCL12 is pivotal for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expressions of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine(ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. Acetylcholine 165-168 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 184-209 25453770-3 2015 We hypothesized that this effect was due to the presence of choline in the extracellular space and that this choline is taken up into cholinergic fibers where it is converted to ACh by the enzyme choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT). Acetylcholine 178-181 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 196-221 24121130-0 2013 Glycogen synthase kinase-3 reduces acetylcholine level in striatum via disturbing cellular distribution of choline acetyltransferase in cholinergic interneurons in rats. Acetylcholine 35-48 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 107-132 24121130-5 2013 The activated GSK-3 consequently decreased ACh level in the striatum as a result of the reduction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. Acetylcholine 43-46 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 101-126 24121130-5 2013 The activated GSK-3 consequently decreased ACh level in the striatum as a result of the reduction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. Acetylcholine 43-46 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 128-132 21951905-3 2011 At days 18 and 56 after birth, the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis, in different areas of the cerebral cortex was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography electrochemical detection. Acetylcholine 107-120 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 47-72 21907834-5 2012 The reduction in acetylcholine metabolism is indicated by the down regulated choline acetyltransferase and up regulated acetylcholine esterase expression. Acetylcholine 17-30 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 77-102 18652361-5 2008 CONCLUSION: NYK may be able to increase the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) through elevating the expression of ChAT protein, thus improving the level of brain ACh so as to protect central cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 57-70 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 113-117 19452616-7 2009 Further, the results for choline acetyltransferase indicate that early depletion of norepinephrine compromises development of acetylcholine systems, consistent with a trophic role for this neurotransmitter. Acetylcholine 126-139 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 25-50 18793330-1 2008 Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic and survival factor for cholinergic neurons, and it induces the expression of several genes that are essential for synthesis and storage of acetylcholine (ACh), specifically choline acetyltransferase, vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT), and choline transporter. Acetylcholine 194-197 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 213-238 21798270-3 2011 The aim of the present study was to identify ACh-producing cells in the rat kidney, by examining the expression of cholinergic agents and localization of an ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), in the kidney. Acetylcholine 45-48 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 182-207 21798270-3 2011 The aim of the present study was to identify ACh-producing cells in the rat kidney, by examining the expression of cholinergic agents and localization of an ACh-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), in the kidney. Acetylcholine 157-160 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 182-207 19674111-3 2009 Rat cardiomyocytes expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the cytoplasm and vesicular acetylcholine transporter with the vesicular structure identified by immunogold electron microscopy, suggesting that cardiomyocytes possess components for ACh synthesis. Acetylcholine 248-251 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 29-54 18772221-3 2008 An increase (~30%) in the activity of the acetylcholine-hydrolyzing enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is observed in the brain cortex from patients deceased from hepatic coma, while the activity of the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, remains unaffected. Acetylcholine 42-55 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 239-264 18652361-5 2008 CONCLUSION: NYK may be able to increase the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) through elevating the expression of ChAT protein, thus improving the level of brain ACh so as to protect central cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine 72-75 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 113-117 18089458-2 2008 Cholinergic neurons synthesize ACh from choline and acetyl-CoA by choline acetyltransferase in the nerve ending. Acetylcholine 31-34 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 66-91 18089458-4 2008 The regulation of a synthesis of ACh after depolarization and ACh release is controlled by mass-action effect on choline acetyltransferase equilibrium. Acetylcholine 33-36 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 113-138 18089458-4 2008 The regulation of a synthesis of ACh after depolarization and ACh release is controlled by mass-action effect on choline acetyltransferase equilibrium. Acetylcholine 62-65 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 113-138 17722737-3 2007 Activity of the synthesizing enzyme of acetylcholine (ACh) ie, choline acetyltransferase, was found to be significantly increased and the activity of hydrolyzing enzyme, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), was inhibited in all the three brain regions studied. Acetylcholine 39-52 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 63-88 17722737-3 2007 Activity of the synthesizing enzyme of acetylcholine (ACh) ie, choline acetyltransferase, was found to be significantly increased and the activity of hydrolyzing enzyme, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), was inhibited in all the three brain regions studied. Acetylcholine 54-57 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 63-88 17606399-9 2007 Accordingly, pulmonary choline acetyltransferase protein levels were reduced and pulmonary acetylcholine content declined from 2.8 nmol (control) to 0.4 nmol acetylcholine per gram of wet weight. Acetylcholine 158-171 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 23-48 17542812-0 2007 Acetylcholine synthesis by choline acetyltransferase of a peripheral type as demonstrated in adult rat dorsal root ganglion. Acetylcholine 0-13 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 27-52 17542812-1 2007 pChAT is a splice variant of a peripheral type encoded alternatively by the gene for choline acetyltransferase of the common type (cChAT), the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine synthesis. Acetylcholine 166-179 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 85-110 17314664-2 2007 Choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme promoting acetylcholine synthesis, and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter are modulated by retinoic acid treatment. Acetylcholine 48-61 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 0-25