PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 16049137-5 2005 Interestingly, EC overexpressing a mutant form of dynamin deficient in GTP binding (K44A) caused a selective inhibition in KDR protein level and endosomal vesicle formation and induced cell cycle arrest by inducing p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 71-74 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 215-218 15906320-1 2005 The mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the protein complex Ras-GAP (p21(ras) - p120(GAP)) has been modeled by the quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical (QM/MM) and ab initio quantum calculations. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 105-113 16054119-3 2005 We showed that Cav3.1 activation resulted in the level of p21(ras)-GTP in the cells being rapidly decreased during the first 2 min, and then recovering between 2 min and 15 min. Guanosine Triphosphate 67-70 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 15906320-1 2005 The mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the protein complex Ras-GAP (p21(ras) - p120(GAP)) has been modeled by the quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical (QM/MM) and ab initio quantum calculations. Guanosine Triphosphate 68-71 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 105-113 15906320-4 2005 At the first stage, a unified motion of Arg789 of GAP, Gln61, Thr35 of Ras, and the lytic water molecule results in a substantial spatial separation of the gamma-phosphate group of GTP from the rest of the molecule (GDP). Guanosine Triphosphate 181-184 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 71-74 11746677-0 2001 Revisiting the structural flexibility of the complex p21(ras)-GTP: the catalytic conformation of the molecular switch II. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 16323045-3 2005 More recently, a new crystal structure of SOS has been determined in which this protein binds to two molecules of ras-p21, one unbound to GTP and one bound to GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 159-162 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 118-121 12799645-3 2003 Pancreatic cancer frequently has a dysregulated p21(ras) pathway and therefore appears to be a suitable target for BPs that interfere with the prenylation of small GTP-binding proteins such as p21(ras). Guanosine Triphosphate 164-167 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 193-196 12354753-3 2002 In all three cell types, total K-ras p21 increased 2- to 4-fold at confluence, and active K-ras p21-GTP increased 10- to 200-fold. Guanosine Triphosphate 100-103 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 96-99 12354753-4 2002 It was estimated that 0.03% of total K-ras p21 was in the active GTP-bound state at 50% confluence, compared with 1.4% at postconfluence. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 43-46 15059972-4 2004 Interestingly, the small GTP binding proteins of the p21Rho family and one of their effectors, p160 Rho-associated kinase, but not PKA, play a key role in redistribution of melanosomes at the extremities of the dendrites. Guanosine Triphosphate 25-28 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 15200053-1 2004 ras-p21 protein binds to the son-of-sevenless (SOS) guanine nucleotide-exchange promoter that allows it to exchange GDP for GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 124-127 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 15200053-8 2004 Overall, our current results suggest that SOS interactions with oncogenic ras-p21 may enhance ras-p21 mitogenic signaling through prolonging its activation by maintaining its binding to GTP and by allowing its effector domains to interact with intracellular targets. Guanosine Triphosphate 186-189 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 78-81 15200053-8 2004 Overall, our current results suggest that SOS interactions with oncogenic ras-p21 may enhance ras-p21 mitogenic signaling through prolonging its activation by maintaining its binding to GTP and by allowing its effector domains to interact with intracellular targets. Guanosine Triphosphate 186-189 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 98-101 12206509-3 2002 In order to infer which domains of GAP may be involved, we have performed molecular dynamics calculations of GAP complexed to wild-type and oncogenic (Val 12-containing) ras-p21, both bound to GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 193-196 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 174-177 11746677-1 2001 The hydrolysis of GTP in p21(ras) triggers conformational changes that regulate the ras/ERK signaling pathway. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 25-28 11694593-7 2001 TNF-alpha, sphingomyelinase, and C(2)-ceramide translocated Cdc42, Rac, and RhoA to membranes, and stimulated p21-activated protein kinase downstream of Ras-GTP, PI 3-K, and SK. Guanosine Triphosphate 157-160 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 110-113 9774361-6 1998 Both Ang II and A23187 caused a rapid increase in the binding of GTP to p21(Ras), which was nearly abolished by genistein and calmidazolium. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 72-75 11593437-1 2001 The small GTP-binding protein Rac is a downstream effector of the oncogene product p21-ras. Guanosine Triphosphate 10-13 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 83-86 11188692-1 2000 BACKGROUND: The means by which the protein GAP accelerates GTP hydrolysis, and thereby downregulates growth signaling by p21Ras, is of considerable interest, particularly inasmuch as p21 mutants are implicated in a number of human cancers. Guanosine Triphosphate 59-62 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 121-124 11188692-5 2000 Our results indicate that, in solution, the association of GAP-334 with GTP bound p21 induces a conformational change near the metal ion active site of p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 72-75 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 82-85 11188692-5 2000 Our results indicate that, in solution, the association of GAP-334 with GTP bound p21 induces a conformational change near the metal ion active site of p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 72-75 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 152-155 11111922-0 2000 The p21 GTP-binding proteins and bacterial toxins. Guanosine Triphosphate 8-11 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 10494844-5 1999 Using caged GTP the intrinsic and GAP catalyzed GTPase activity of H-ras p21 is studied. Guanosine Triphosphate 12-15 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 73-76 9778365-1 1998 p21(H-ras) plays a critical role in signal transduction pathways by cycling between an active, GTP/Mg2+ ternary complex and an inactive, GDP/Mg2+ complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 95-98 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 0-3 11721009-3 2001 In our previous study, we have clarified the mechanism of the GTP-->GDP hydrolysis reaction in the wild-type p21(ras) at the atomic level and concluded that GTPase-activating protein plays a significant role in the supply of H2O molecules for the hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 112-115 11721009-5 2001 However, by performing molecular dynamic calculations, we found that the structure of the active site of the enzyme substrate complex in the oncogenic mutant p21(ras) continuously changes, and these continuous changes in the active site would make it difficult for the GTP-->GDP hydrolysis reaction to occur in the mutant. Guanosine Triphosphate 269-272 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 158-161 10585950-2 1999 Lys(16) was demonstrated to be crucial to the function of Ras p21, and the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP was found to be an one-step reaction. Guanosine Triphosphate 89-92 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 62-65 10551809-1 1999 p21-activated kinases (Pak)/Ste20 kinases are regulated in vitro and in vivo by the small GTP-binding proteins Rac and Cdc42 and lipids, such as sphingosine, which stimulate autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of exogenous substrates. Guanosine Triphosphate 90-93 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 0-3 10574788-0 1999 The pre-hydrolysis state of p21(ras) in complex with GTP: new insights into the role of water molecules in the GTP hydrolysis reaction of ras-like proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 28-31 10574788-0 1999 The pre-hydrolysis state of p21(ras) in complex with GTP: new insights into the role of water molecules in the GTP hydrolysis reaction of ras-like proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 111-114 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 28-31 10574788-5 1999 RESULTS: The structure of the complex formed between p21(ras) and GTP has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.6 A using a combination of photolysis of an inactive GTP precursor (caged GTP) and rapid freezing (100K). Guanosine Triphosphate 66-69 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 10574788-5 1999 RESULTS: The structure of the complex formed between p21(ras) and GTP has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.6 A using a combination of photolysis of an inactive GTP precursor (caged GTP) and rapid freezing (100K). Guanosine Triphosphate 169-172 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 10574788-5 1999 RESULTS: The structure of the complex formed between p21(ras) and GTP has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.6 A using a combination of photolysis of an inactive GTP precursor (caged GTP) and rapid freezing (100K). Guanosine Triphosphate 169-172 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 10198354-4 1999 Carbachol and endothelin-1 increased GTP-bound p21(ras) in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner [ratio of [32P]GTP to ([32P]GTP + [32P]GDP): control, 30 +/- 1.7; 3 min of 1 microM carbachol, 39 +/- 1.1; 3 min of 1 microM endothelin-1, 40 +/- 1.2], whereas histamine, bradykinin, and KCl were without effect. Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 10198354-4 1999 Carbachol and endothelin-1 increased GTP-bound p21(ras) in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner [ratio of [32P]GTP to ([32P]GTP + [32P]GDP): control, 30 +/- 1.7; 3 min of 1 microM carbachol, 39 +/- 1.1; 3 min of 1 microM endothelin-1, 40 +/- 1.2], whereas histamine, bradykinin, and KCl were without effect. Guanosine Triphosphate 109-112 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 10198354-4 1999 Carbachol and endothelin-1 increased GTP-bound p21(ras) in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner [ratio of [32P]GTP to ([32P]GTP + [32P]GDP): control, 30 +/- 1.7; 3 min of 1 microM carbachol, 39 +/- 1.1; 3 min of 1 microM endothelin-1, 40 +/- 1.2], whereas histamine, bradykinin, and KCl were without effect. Guanosine Triphosphate 109-112 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 10469432-2 1999 GTP to inactive Ras.GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 0-3 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 9871712-1 1998 Assuming that substrate-assisted catalysis is the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis for ras p21 and other GTP-binding proteins, we used the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbital method to predict from the calculated reaction profiles of GTP hydrolysis reactions the changes in GTPase activities caused by mutations. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 9624180-6 1998 alpha2-Adrenergic stimulation also led to an increase in GDP/GTP exchange on p21(rhoA), as well as to an increase in the amount of p21(rhoA) in the particulate fraction of alpha2AF2 preadipocytes. Guanosine Triphosphate 61-64 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 77-80 9693007-1 1998 The vibrational spectra of phosphate modes for GDP and GTP bound to the c-Harvey p21(ras) protein have been determined using 18O isotope edited Raman difference spectroscopy. Guanosine Triphosphate 55-58 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 81-84 9871712-1 1998 Assuming that substrate-assisted catalysis is the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis for ras p21 and other GTP-binding proteins, we used the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbital method to predict from the calculated reaction profiles of GTP hydrolysis reactions the changes in GTPase activities caused by mutations. Guanosine Triphosphate 100-103 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 9871712-1 1998 Assuming that substrate-assisted catalysis is the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis for ras p21 and other GTP-binding proteins, we used the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbital method to predict from the calculated reaction profiles of GTP hydrolysis reactions the changes in GTPase activities caused by mutations. Guanosine Triphosphate 100-103 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 9661152-9 1998 As an example of such investigations, the time-resolved FTIR studies on the GTPase reaction of H-ras p21 using caged GTP is presented. Guanosine Triphosphate 76-79 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 101-104 9188453-9 1997 For example, the p21(ras).GTP loading, p44 MAPK activity, and induction of transcription factor c-fos all were inhibited by NAC and DPI as well as an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate or reduced glutathione (GSH). Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 17-20 9374488-3 1997 SL-GTP was hydrolyzed by p21 with rates similar to those for GTP hydrolysis and appears to be an excellent substrate analog. Guanosine Triphosphate 3-6 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 25-28 9374488-7 1997 The data are in agreement with the idea that a conformational change during GTP hydrolysis by p21 occurs simultaneously with the actual hydrolysis step. Guanosine Triphosphate 76-79 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 94-97 9398520-1 1997 A normal mode and energy minimization of ras p21 is used to determine the flexibility of the protein and the origin of the conformational differences between GTP and GDP-bound forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 158-161 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 45-48 9342335-1 1997 Conformational changes in ras p21 triggered by the hydrolysis of GTP play an essential role in the signal transduction pathway. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 30-33 9223188-0 1997 Calculation of pathways for the conformational transition between the GTP- and GDP-bound states of the Ha-ras-p21 protein: calculations with explicit solvent simulations and comparison with calculations in vacuum. Guanosine Triphosphate 70-73 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 110-113 9223188-1 1997 The transitions between the water-equilibrated structures of the GTP and GDP forms of Ha-ras-p21 have been calculated by using the targeted molecular dynamics (TMD) method (Schlitter et al., Mol. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 9309221-2 1997 Hydrolysis of tightly bound GTP alters the conformation of p21, terminating the signal. Guanosine Triphosphate 28-31 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 59-62 9309221-3 1997 The coordination of the p21 residue Thr35 to Mg2+ in its active site, which has been observed in the crystal structure of p21 in complex with a GTP-analog GMPPNP but not with GDP, has been proposed to drive the conformational change accompanying nucleotide substitution and may have a role in the GTP hydrolysis reaction itself. Guanosine Triphosphate 144-147 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 24-27 9309221-3 1997 The coordination of the p21 residue Thr35 to Mg2+ in its active site, which has been observed in the crystal structure of p21 in complex with a GTP-analog GMPPNP but not with GDP, has been proposed to drive the conformational change accompanying nucleotide substitution and may have a role in the GTP hydrolysis reaction itself. Guanosine Triphosphate 144-147 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 9309221-3 1997 The coordination of the p21 residue Thr35 to Mg2+ in its active site, which has been observed in the crystal structure of p21 in complex with a GTP-analog GMPPNP but not with GDP, has been proposed to drive the conformational change accompanying nucleotide substitution and may have a role in the GTP hydrolysis reaction itself. Guanosine Triphosphate 297-300 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 24-27 9309221-3 1997 The coordination of the p21 residue Thr35 to Mg2+ in its active site, which has been observed in the crystal structure of p21 in complex with a GTP-analog GMPPNP but not with GDP, has been proposed to drive the conformational change accompanying nucleotide substitution and may have a role in the GTP hydrolysis reaction itself. Guanosine Triphosphate 297-300 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 9112760-0 1997 Inhibition of the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of ras p21 by aluminum ion. Guanosine Triphosphate 22-25 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 9112760-5 1997 Further dissection of the ras p21 cycle revealed that Mg(2+)-dependent GDP/GTP exchange was the Al(3+)-sensitive step. Guanosine Triphosphate 75-78 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 30-33 9194162-0 1997 Comparison of ras-p21 bound to GDP and GTP: differences in protein and ligand dynamics. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 18-21 8972729-1 1996 Peptide specific polyclonal antibodies directed against C-termini of ras p21 related GTP-binding proteins, ralA and ralB, were generated. Guanosine Triphosphate 85-88 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 73-76 9194162-2 1997 Essential dynamics analysis of 300 ps of full solvent molecular dynamics simulations revealed differences in structure and dynamics between GDP- and GTP-bound forms of H-ras-p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 149-152 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 174-177 9194162-4 1997 Differences in dynamics between H-ras-p21 GDP and H-ras-p21 GTP may be related to interactions of ras with GAP and its receptor and effector. Guanosine Triphosphate 60-63 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 56-59 9067995-0 1997 [Analysis of the cellular functions of the small GTP-binding protein rho p21 with Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme]. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 73-76 9038193-7 1997 Activation of the A2A-adenosine receptor is associated with increased levels of GTP-bound p21(ras). Guanosine Triphosphate 80-83 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 90-93 8838585-1 1996 rap-1A, an anti-oncogene-encoded protein, is a ras-p21-like protein whose sequence is over 80% homologous to p21 and which interacts with the same intracellular target proteins and is activated by the same mechanisms as p21, e.g., by binding GTP in place of GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 8810926-6 1996 In the complex of p21 with a GTP analog, p21.Mn(II).GMPPNP, we determine the hydration number to be 2, also consistent with crystal structures. Guanosine Triphosphate 29-32 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 18-21 8810926-6 1996 In the complex of p21 with a GTP analog, p21.Mn(II).GMPPNP, we determine the hydration number to be 2, also consistent with crystal structures. Guanosine Triphosphate 29-32 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 41-44 8810927-0 1996 High frequency (139.5 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the GTP form of p21 ras with selective 17O labeling of threonine. Guanosine Triphosphate 79-82 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 91-94 8810927-1 1996 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at 139.5 GHz has been used to study p21 ras complexed with Mn(II) and guanosine 5"-(beta, gamma-imidotriphosphate), an analog of GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 174-177 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 81-84 8702787-4 1996 As with the small GTP-binding protein Ha-Ras p21 and with EF-Tu, nucleotide binding occurs in at least two steps and is describable in terms of a relatively weak initial interaction followed by a highly irreversible isomerization of the protein-nucleotide complex, which results in a change in the fluorescence properties. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 45-48 8702787-9 1996 The results demonstrate a high degree of mechanistic similarity between the Rab proteins and other GTP-binding proteins, which have been examined in detail, including Ha-Ras p21, Ran, and EF-Tu. Guanosine Triphosphate 99-102 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 174-177 8740369-1 1996 BACKGROUND: p21ras is one of the GTP-binding proteins that act as intercellular molecular switches. Guanosine Triphosphate 33-36 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 12-15 8916907-7 1996 Further, the reduced GTPase reaction rate that characterizes the oncogenic effect of many of the p21 mutants found in human tumors seems to be a consequence of a slightly reduced pKa of the gamma-phosphate group of bound GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 21-24 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 8910345-1 1996 Activation of p21(ras) by GTP loading is a critical step in a cascade of intracellular insulin signaling. Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 14-17 8947526-5 1996 The proportion of cellular p21-ras bound to GTP (ras-GTP level) was determined using immunoprecipitation of 32P-labeled cell lysates followed by thin layer chromatography and phosphoimaging analysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 27-30 8947526-5 1996 The proportion of cellular p21-ras bound to GTP (ras-GTP level) was determined using immunoprecipitation of 32P-labeled cell lysates followed by thin layer chromatography and phosphoimaging analysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 27-30 8810926-0 1996 High frequency (139.5 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance characterization of Mn(II)-H2(17)O interactions in GDP and GTP forms of p21 ras. Guanosine Triphosphate 118-121 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 131-134 8764406-1 1996 The fold of the von Willebrand Factor type A domain (vWF-A) was predicted to be similar to an alpha/beta doubly wound fold in the GTP-binding domain of ras-p21, despite the lack of sequence or functional similarity. Guanosine Triphosphate 130-133 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 156-159 8832375-1 1996 rap-1A is a membrane-bound G-protein in the ras superfamily that, like the ras-p21 protein, is activated by binding GTP in place of GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 79-82 8649838-7 1996 Microinjection of rho GDP dissociation inhibitor or Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 which is known to impair the function of a small GTP-binding protein, rho p21, inhibited the stress fiber formation by CCK-8 as well as by PDGF. Guanosine Triphosphate 149-152 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 174-177 8608802-1 1996 The role of rho proteins, which are ras p21-related small GTP-binding proteins, in megakaryocyte endomitosis was examined using a botulinum C3 exoenzyme (C3), a rho inactivating enzyme. Guanosine Triphosphate 58-61 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 8838585-1 1996 rap-1A, an anti-oncogene-encoded protein, is a ras-p21-like protein whose sequence is over 80% homologous to p21 and which interacts with the same intracellular target proteins and is activated by the same mechanisms as p21, e.g., by binding GTP in place of GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 109-112 8838585-1 1996 rap-1A, an anti-oncogene-encoded protein, is a ras-p21-like protein whose sequence is over 80% homologous to p21 and which interacts with the same intracellular target proteins and is activated by the same mechanisms as p21, e.g., by binding GTP in place of GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 109-112 8838585-5 1996 We have constructed the three-dimensional structure of rap-1A bound to GTP by using the energy-minimized three-dimensional structure of ras-p21 as the basis for the modeling using a stepwise procedure in which identical and homologous amino acid residues in rap-1A are assumed to adopt the same conformation as the corresponding residues in p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 71-74 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 140-143 8838585-5 1996 We have constructed the three-dimensional structure of rap-1A bound to GTP by using the energy-minimized three-dimensional structure of ras-p21 as the basis for the modeling using a stepwise procedure in which identical and homologous amino acid residues in rap-1A are assumed to adopt the same conformation as the corresponding residues in p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 71-74 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 341-344 8583229-4 1995 Treatment with NGF increased the amount of GTP bound p21ras 3-fold, within 20 min exposure. Guanosine Triphosphate 43-46 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 53-56 8983024-6 1996 Analysis of the binding and dissociation of GTP and GDP to normal and mutated p21 expressed in Escherichia coli showed that [V12D28]p21 and [D28]p21 do not bind GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 78-81 8747433-0 1995 Structural effects of the binding of GTP to the wild-type and oncogenic forms of the ras-gene-encoded p21 proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 102-105 8747433-1 1995 Molecular dynamics calculations have been performed to determine the average structures of ras-gene-encoded p21 proteins bound to GTP, i.e., the normal (wild-type) protein and two oncogenic forms of this protein, the Val 12- and Leu 61-p21 proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 130-133 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 108-111 7547978-4 1995 The rate of the C-CDC25Mm-mediated nucleotide exchange on p21 depended on the nature of the bound nucleotide (6 times faster for p21.GDP than p21.GTP) but was uninfluenced by the nature of the free nucleotide acting as second substrate. Guanosine Triphosphate 146-149 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 7547978-8 1995 The "on-rate" of the nucleotide on the p21.C-CDC25Mm complex was similar for GDP and GTP and was little increased vs that on p21 alone. Guanosine Triphosphate 85-88 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 39-42 7547942-0 1995 Molecular dynamics simulation of the solution structures of Ha-ras-p21 GDP and GTP complexes: flexibility, possible hinges, and levers of the conformational transition. Guanosine Triphosphate 79-82 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 67-70 7547942-1 1995 Unconstrained molecular dynamics simulations of the GDP and GTP complexes of Ha-ras p21 protein are performed in aqueous environment for 500 ps, using the GROMOS force field. Guanosine Triphosphate 60-63 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 84-87 7819095-0 1994 Haemoglobin inhibits GTP-hydrolysis and GDP/GTP-exchange activities of a low M(r) GTP-binding protein, ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 21-24 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 107-110 7706235-2 1995 Here, we report that nitric oxide (NO) activates p21ras in human T cells as evidenced by an increase in GTP-bound p21ras. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 49-52 7880841-0 1995 Mutagenesis of the H-ras p21 at glycine-60 residue disrupts GTP-induced conformational change. Guanosine Triphosphate 60-63 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 25-28 7851434-3 1995 The highly purified (greater than 95%) stable fusion protein, obtained by affinity chromatography, was very active in enhancing the dissociation rate or the GDP/GTP exchange of the GDP complex of Ras2p or human H-ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 161-164 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 217-220 7738010-1 1995 Cdc42Hs and Rac1 are members of the Ras superfamily of small molecular weight (p21) GTP binding proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 84-87 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 79-82 7819095-0 1994 Haemoglobin inhibits GTP-hydrolysis and GDP/GTP-exchange activities of a low M(r) GTP-binding protein, ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 107-110 7819095-1 1994 Haemoglobin was observed to inhibit the GDP/GTP-exchange activity of ras protein (ras p21) by measurement of [3H]GDP-dissociation activity in time- and dose-dependent manners. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 7819095-2 1994 Haemoglobin also inhibited the [32P]GTP-hydrolysis activity of ras p21 time- and dose-dependently. Guanosine Triphosphate 36-39 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 67-70 7819095-4 1994 Globin showed limited inhibition on the [32P]GTP-hydrolysis activity of ras p21, and haemin had no effect, indicating that the ternary tetrameric structure of haemoglobin is essential for the inhibitory effects on ras p21 activities. Guanosine Triphosphate 45-48 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 76-79 7819095-5 1994 Methaemoglobin also inhibited both [3H]GDP-dissociation and [32P]GTP-hydrolysis activities of ras p21 in a very similar manner to that by haemoglobin. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 98-101 7819095-6 1994 The obtained results strongly suggest that haemoglobin suppresses the physiological function(s) of ras p21 in vivo inhibiting both [32P]GTP-hydrolysis and GDP/GTP-dissociation of ras p21 in erythrocytes. Guanosine Triphosphate 136-139 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 103-106 7819095-6 1994 The obtained results strongly suggest that haemoglobin suppresses the physiological function(s) of ras p21 in vivo inhibiting both [32P]GTP-hydrolysis and GDP/GTP-dissociation of ras p21 in erythrocytes. Guanosine Triphosphate 159-162 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 103-106 7819095-6 1994 The obtained results strongly suggest that haemoglobin suppresses the physiological function(s) of ras p21 in vivo inhibiting both [32P]GTP-hydrolysis and GDP/GTP-dissociation of ras p21 in erythrocytes. Guanosine Triphosphate 159-162 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 183-186 15299412-1 1994 The parameters affecting the crystal quality of complexes between p21(H-ras) and caged GTP have been investigated. Guanosine Triphosphate 87-90 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 66-69 7935463-8 1994 ralGDS interacted with the GTP-bound form of ras p21 but not with the GDP-bound form in vitro. Guanosine Triphosphate 27-30 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 49-52 7853016-2 1994 Like other guanine nucleotide-binding proteins p21ras is active when GTP bound and inactive when GDP bound. Guanosine Triphosphate 69-72 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 15299412-2 1994 The use of pure diastereomers of caged GTP complexed to the more stable p21(G12P)" mutant of p21 and the addition of n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside improved the reproducibility and decreased the mosaicity of the crystals significantly. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 72-75 15299412-2 1994 The use of pure diastereomers of caged GTP complexed to the more stable p21(G12P)" mutant of p21 and the addition of n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside improved the reproducibility and decreased the mosaicity of the crystals significantly. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 15299412-5 1994 A structure of p21(G12P)":GTP could be obtained 2 min after photolytic removal of the cage group and led to the identification of a previously unidentified conformation for the so-called catalytically active loop L4. Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 15-18 7961601-0 1994 The hydration of Ras p21 in solution during GTP hydrolysis based on solution X-ray scattering profile. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 21-24 8190099-10 1994 In vitro assembly/co-sedimentation experiments in the presence of GTP gamma S revealed a 2-fold increase in a small cytosolic G protein with a molecular mass of 21 kDa (p21) in pelleted membranes, as detected by [35S]GTP gamma S protein blot probing, that was not affected by B-003. Guanosine Triphosphate 66-69 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 169-172 8190099-10 1994 In vitro assembly/co-sedimentation experiments in the presence of GTP gamma S revealed a 2-fold increase in a small cytosolic G protein with a molecular mass of 21 kDa (p21) in pelleted membranes, as detected by [35S]GTP gamma S protein blot probing, that was not affected by B-003. Guanosine Triphosphate 217-220 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 169-172 8142406-0 1994 Characterization of the active site of p21 ras by electron spin-echo envelope modulation spectroscopy with selective labeling: comparisons between GDP and GTP forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 155-158 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 39-42 7961601-2 1994 In the presence of GDP, the radius of gyration, Rg, determined for wild type ras p21 was 16.89 +/- 0.01 A, while the wild type ras p21 bound to the GTP analogue GDPNHP (5"-guanyl imido diphosphate beta-gamma-imidoguanosine 5"-triphosphate) showed an Rg value of 17.46 +/- 0.01 A, which is 3.3% larger. Guanosine Triphosphate 148-151 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 131-134 7961601-3 1994 The result shows that ras p21 expands upon GTP binding. Guanosine Triphosphate 43-46 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 26-29 7961601-5 1994 The scattering profiles were analyzed by simulation of hydrated ras p21, based on the crystal atomic coordinates, and it was concluded that the ras p21 molecule incorporates 20% more bulk water upon GTP binding. Guanosine Triphosphate 199-202 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 148-151 8223583-13 1993 Monomeric rac1 p21 exhibited an almost absolute dependence on exogenous GTP following removal of the endogenous nucleotide in low Mg2+ solution. Guanosine Triphosphate 72-75 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 15-18 8139548-2 1994 Insulin-induced membrane ruffling was inhibited by microinjection of rho GDI, an inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange regulator for both rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins, but not inhibited by microinjection of botulinum exoenzyme C3, known to selectively ADP-ribosylate rho p21 and to impair its function. Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 132-135 8139548-2 1994 Insulin-induced membrane ruffling was inhibited by microinjection of rho GDI, an inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange regulator for both rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins, but not inhibited by microinjection of botulinum exoenzyme C3, known to selectively ADP-ribosylate rho p21 and to impair its function. Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 144-147 8139548-2 1994 Insulin-induced membrane ruffling was inhibited by microinjection of rho GDI, an inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange regulator for both rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins, but not inhibited by microinjection of botulinum exoenzyme C3, known to selectively ADP-ribosylate rho p21 and to impair its function. Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 144-147 8139548-3 1994 This rho GDI action was prevented by comicroinjection with guanosine 5"-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S)-bound rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 120-123 8139548-6 1994 Microinjection of either GTP gamma S-bound rac1 p21 or rhoA p21 alone induced membrane ruffling in the absence of the growth factors. Guanosine Triphosphate 25-28 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 8136358-2 1994 The side chain of the amino acid at position 61 may play a key role in this hydrolysis of GTP by p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 90-93 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 8262955-1 1993 Rabphilin-3A is a putative target molecule for rab3A p25/smg p25A, which is a member of a ras p21-related small GTP-binding protein and implicated in neurotransmitter release from the synapse. Guanosine Triphosphate 112-115 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 94-97 8244990-1 1993 The mammalian counterpart of the yeast ras p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein CDC25, ras GRF, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified, and its kinetic properties were compared with those of another mammalian ras p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein, smg GDS. Guanosine Triphosphate 51-54 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 43-46 8226937-0 1993 Consequences of weak interaction of rho GDI with the GTP-bound forms of rho p21 and rac p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 76-79 8226937-0 1993 Consequences of weak interaction of rho GDI with the GTP-bound forms of rho p21 and rac p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 88-91 8226937-2 1993 Recently, rho GDI has been reported to interact with the GTP-bound form of G25K and rac1 p21 and to inhibit their basal and GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-stimulated GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 57-60 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 8226937-3 1993 Here, we examined whether rho GDI interacts with the GTP-bound form of rho p21 and rac p21 and inhibits their basal and rho GAP-stimulated GTPase activity, rho GDI interacted with both the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of rhoA p21 and rac1 p21 as estimated by measuring its ability to form a complex with both forms and to inhibit the membrane-binding activity of both forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 75-78 8226937-3 1993 Here, we examined whether rho GDI interacts with the GTP-bound form of rho p21 and rac p21 and inhibits their basal and rho GAP-stimulated GTPase activity, rho GDI interacted with both the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of rhoA p21 and rac1 p21 as estimated by measuring its ability to form a complex with both forms and to inhibit the membrane-binding activity of both forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 8226937-3 1993 Here, we examined whether rho GDI interacts with the GTP-bound form of rho p21 and rac p21 and inhibits their basal and rho GAP-stimulated GTPase activity, rho GDI interacted with both the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of rhoA p21 and rac1 p21 as estimated by measuring its ability to form a complex with both forms and to inhibit the membrane-binding activity of both forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 8226937-3 1993 Here, we examined whether rho GDI interacts with the GTP-bound form of rho p21 and rac p21 and inhibits their basal and rho GAP-stimulated GTPase activity, rho GDI interacted with both the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of rhoA p21 and rac1 p21 as estimated by measuring its ability to form a complex with both forms and to inhibit the membrane-binding activity of both forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 53-56 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 8060496-0 1994 Comparison of the low energy conformations of an oncogenic and a non-oncogenic p21 protein, neither of which binds GTP or GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 115-118 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 79-82 8060496-2 1994 Since p21 is normally activated by the binding of GTP in place of GDP, it has been postulated that oncogenic forms must retain bound GTP for prolonged time periods. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 6-9 8060496-2 1994 Since p21 is normally activated by the binding of GTP in place of GDP, it has been postulated that oncogenic forms must retain bound GTP for prolonged time periods. Guanosine Triphosphate 133-136 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 6-9 8060496-3 1994 However, two multiply substituted p21 proteins have been cloned, neither of which binds GDP or GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 95-98 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 34-37 8107774-3 1994 The kinase complexes specifically with activated (GTP-bound) p21, inhibiting p21 GTPase activity and leading to kinase autophosphorylation and activation. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 61-64 8107774-3 1994 The kinase complexes specifically with activated (GTP-bound) p21, inhibiting p21 GTPase activity and leading to kinase autophosphorylation and activation. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 77-80 8270251-2 1994 Biochemically, these mutations result in the ras gene product (p21) being constitutively activated in its GTP-bound form and insensitive to the hydrolytic action of the ras-specific GTPase-activating protein (ras GAP). Guanosine Triphosphate 106-109 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 63-66 8270251-3 1994 We hypothesized that, if tumor development is related to the p21 ras being in the active GTP-bound state, then a similar malignant phenotype may result from an inactivating mutation in the ras GAP gene in the region that interacts with ras p21 (so-called catalytic domain). Guanosine Triphosphate 89-92 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 61-64 8406231-6 1993 The GTP gamma S-induced Ca2+ sensitization seems to be mediated by rho A p21, a small G protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 73-76 8352776-1 1993 Rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins are regulated by the same inhibitory and stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange proteins termed rho GDI and smg GDS, respectively. Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 8395827-5 1993 However, GTP gamma S in combination with AA markedly augmented rac p21s translocation to the membrane. Guanosine Triphosphate 9-12 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 67-70 8395827-7 1993 These results indicate that the GTP-bound active form of rac p21s is the entity that is translocated to the membrane by the action of AA. Guanosine Triphosphate 32-35 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 61-64 8352776-1 1993 Rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins are regulated by the same inhibitory and stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange proteins termed rho GDI and smg GDS, respectively. Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 8352776-1 1993 Rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins are regulated by the same inhibitory and stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange proteins termed rho GDI and smg GDS, respectively. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 8352776-1 1993 Rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins are regulated by the same inhibitory and stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange proteins termed rho GDI and smg GDS, respectively. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 8352776-3 1993 RhoA p21 and rac1 p21 have similar GDP/GTP exchange rates in the absence of rho GDI and smg GDS. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 5-8 8352776-3 1993 RhoA p21 and rac1 p21 have similar GDP/GTP exchange rates in the absence of rho GDI and smg GDS. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 18-21 8352776-4 1993 The velocity of the GDP/GTP exchange reaction for rhoA p21 was enhanced much more by smg GDS than was the velocity of nucleotide exchange for rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 24-27 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 55-58 8352776-4 1993 The velocity of the GDP/GTP exchange reaction for rhoA p21 was enhanced much more by smg GDS than was the velocity of nucleotide exchange for rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 24-27 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 147-150 8338843-5 1993 The rate constants of the elementary steps of the p21 intrinsic GTPase activity and the GAP activated activity were similar between GTP and mantGTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 64-67 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 50-53 8338843-10 1993 This is interpreted that the cleavage step of p21.GTP is preceded by and controlled by an isomerization of the p21.GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 46-49 8338843-10 1993 This is interpreted that the cleavage step of p21.GTP is preceded by and controlled by an isomerization of the p21.GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 111-114 8338843-10 1993 This is interpreted that the cleavage step of p21.GTP is preceded by and controlled by an isomerization of the p21.GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 115-118 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 46-49 8338843-10 1993 This is interpreted that the cleavage step of p21.GTP is preceded by and controlled by an isomerization of the p21.GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 115-118 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 111-114 8338843-11 1993 GAP accelerates the rate constant of the second fluorescence phase occurring with p21.mantGpp[NH]p. This result shows that GAP accelerates the proposed isomerization which limits GTP cleavage rather than the cleavage step itself. Guanosine Triphosphate 179-182 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 82-85 8329399-1 1993 Heteronuclear-edited proton-detected NMR methods are used to study the nucleotide-dependent conformational change between GDP- and GTP gamma S-bound forms of human N-ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 131-134 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 170-173 8393791-0 1993 Affinity labeling of c-H-ras p21 consensus elements with periodate-oxidized GDP and GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 84-87 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 29-32 8393791-1 1993 The amino acid sequence motifs of human c-H-ras p21 involved in the interaction with guanosine nucleotides were cross-linked to in situ periodate-oxidized [alpha-32P]GDP or [alpha-32P]GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 184-187 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 8393791-2 1993 Site-specific reaction was achieved by cross-linking conserved lysine residues close to the G-nucleotide binding site of p21 with the 2",3"-dialdehyde derivatives of GDP or GTP under kinetically controlled conditions. Guanosine Triphosphate 173-176 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 121-124 8329399-3 1993 When GTP gamma S is substituted for GDP in cellular N-ras p21, the chemical shifts of resonances Asp-47, -126, -154, and Asn-172, as well as Gly-77 and -151, are not sensitive to nucleotide exchange, whereas Asp-30, -33, -38, -54, -57, -69, -92, -105, and -119 are affected. Guanosine Triphosphate 5-8 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 8508922-2 1993 Here we show that in beta-escin skinned mesenteric microarteries, H-ras p21 proteins, preactivated with GTP or GTP gamma S, increase force at constant submaximal Ca2+ (pCa 6.3) concentration dependently. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 72-75 8512342-4 1993 The gene product, ras p21, binds to GDP or GTP, and hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and Pi. Guanosine Triphosphate 43-46 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 8512342-4 1993 The gene product, ras p21, binds to GDP or GTP, and hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and Pi. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 8497321-3 1993 We have previously shown that there is a diversity of GAPs that recognize this subfamily, including n-chimaerin, which is enriched in the hippocampus; we also detected proteins that bind these p21 proteins and seem to inhibit GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 226-229 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 193-196 8357627-2 1993 The mutated products of ras oncogenes (p21 protein) exhibit a decreased ability to hydrolyze GTP that lead to the stabilization of ras proteins in their active state and cause a continuous flow of signal transduction which may result in malignant transformation. Guanosine Triphosphate 93-96 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 39-42 8386636-1 1993 Proton-NMR signals in the downfield region (below approximately 10 ppm) have been shown to provide a useful spectroscopic window to monitor the binding of guanine nucleotides to the active site of GTP/GDP-binding proteins via H-bonds, as specified here by the 21-kDa product of the c-H-ras gene (p21). Guanosine Triphosphate 197-200 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 296-299 8386636-2 1993 The time course of the intensity change of certain peaks upon addition of GTP to nucleotide-free p21 corresponds to the GTP hydrolysis rate as determined by HPLC. Guanosine Triphosphate 74-77 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 8386636-2 1993 The time course of the intensity change of certain peaks upon addition of GTP to nucleotide-free p21 corresponds to the GTP hydrolysis rate as determined by HPLC. Guanosine Triphosphate 120-123 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 7999142-7 1993 We have demonstrated that the SDC25 C-terminus domain promotes GTP binding to Ras p21 in CHO cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 82-85 8496156-11 1993 These data suggest a direct role for this residue in catalyzing GTP hydrolysis on p21ras, possibly by contributing a catalytic group to the p21 active site. Guanosine Triphosphate 64-67 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 82-85 8508922-3 1993 The GTP-bound form of the wild-type H-ras p21 and the oncogenic mutant (p21[G12V]) were equally effective. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 42-45 8508922-3 1993 The GTP-bound form of the wild-type H-ras p21 and the oncogenic mutant (p21[G12V]) were equally effective. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 72-75 8318164-4 1993 p21 is thought to be activated by the binding of GTP in place of GDP to the protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 0-3 8318164-8 1993 Until the recent publication of the all-heavy-atom x-ray crystallographic molecular coordinates of p21 residues 1-166 bound to a non-hydrolyzable GTP derivative (GppNp), no all-atom structure of the p21 protein has been available in the Brookhaven National Laboratories Protein Data Bank (PDB). Guanosine Triphosphate 146-149 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 99-102 8318164-15 1993 Both of these regions have been found in x-ray crystallographic studies of p21-GDP and p21-GTP complexes to undergo significant changes in conformation upon the binding of GTP in place of GDP to the protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 91-94 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 75-78 8318164-15 1993 Both of these regions have been found in x-ray crystallographic studies of p21-GDP and p21-GTP complexes to undergo significant changes in conformation upon the binding of GTP in place of GDP to the protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 91-94 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 8318164-15 1993 Both of these regions have been found in x-ray crystallographic studies of p21-GDP and p21-GTP complexes to undergo significant changes in conformation upon the binding of GTP in place of GDP to the protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 172-175 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 75-78 8318164-15 1993 Both of these regions have been found in x-ray crystallographic studies of p21-GDP and p21-GTP complexes to undergo significant changes in conformation upon the binding of GTP in place of GDP to the protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 172-175 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 8353139-10 1993 The protein encoded by NF1 contains a GAP homology region, binds p21ras-GTP, and stimulates the hydrolysis of p21ras-bound GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 72-75 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 65-68 7999142-11 1993 These results imply that, in subsets of human tumours, cellular Ras p21 might be found in its GTP-bound active form as a consequence of an oncogenic activation of a mammalian Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Guanosine Triphosphate 94-97 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 68-71 1406640-3 1992 We have previously reported that the posttranslational processing of Ki-ras p21 is essential for its interaction with one of its GDP/GTP exchange proteins named smg GDS. Guanosine Triphosphate 133-136 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 76-79 8232104-4 1993 Farnesyl can be used to synthesize cholesterol and can also bind covalently to several low molecular mass GTP-binding proteins such as p21 ras. Guanosine Triphosphate 106-109 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 135-138 1464587-0 1992 Post-translational processing of rac p21s is important both for their interaction with the GDP/GTP exchange proteins and for their activation of NADPH oxidase. Guanosine Triphosphate 95-98 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 37-40 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Guanosine Triphosphate 42-45 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 14-17 1464587-3 1992 We studied the function of this post-translational processing of rac p21s in their interaction with the stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins for rac p21s, named smg GDS and rho GDI, and in their NADPH oxidase activation. Guanosine Triphosphate 135-138 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 69-72 1447167-0 1992 A mouse CDC25-like product enhances the formation of the active GTP complex of human ras p21 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAS2 proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 64-67 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 1390653-0 1992 On the mechanism of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis in ras p21 proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 20-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 61-64 1390653-2 1992 Such mutations lead to a major reduction in the rate of GTP hydrolysis by the complex of ras p21 and the GTPase activating protein (GAP) and lock the protein in a growth-promoting state. Guanosine Triphosphate 56-59 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1501882-2 1992 The GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p21 is regulated by smg GDS, which is also active on Ki-ras p21 and rho p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 8-11 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 37-40 1501882-2 1992 The GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p21 is regulated by smg GDS, which is also active on Ki-ras p21 and rho p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 8-11 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 1501882-2 1992 The GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p21 is regulated by smg GDS, which is also active on Ki-ras p21 and rho p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 8-11 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 97-100 14731519-3 1992 A model is presented in which the GTP-binding protein p21(ras) acts as an integrator of the signal transduction pathways controlled by the T-cell antigen receptor. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 54-57 1421163-1 1992 The three-dimensional structure of the H-ras oncogene product p21 has been determined in both its active, GTP-bound and its inactive, GDP-bound forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 106-109 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 62-65 1634508-1 1992 smg GDS and rho GDI are stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins, respectively, for a group of ras p21-related small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Guanosine Triphosphate 55-58 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 111-114 1634508-1 1992 smg GDS and rho GDI are stimulatory and inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange proteins, respectively, for a group of ras p21-related small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Guanosine Triphosphate 129-132 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 111-114 1634508-2 1992 rho p21 is a common substrate small G protein for both GDP/GTP exchange proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 59-62 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 1634508-3 1992 We examined here the functional interactions of these GDP/GTP exchange proteins with rho p21 as a substrate. Guanosine Triphosphate 58-61 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 1634508-7 1992 Since the content of smg GDS was generally less than that of rho GDI in cells, these results suggest that there is some mechanism to release the inhibitory action of rho GDI and to make rho p21 sensitive to the smg GDS action during the conversion of rhoA p21 from the GDP-bound inactive form to the GTP-bound active form in intact cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 300-303 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 190-193 1377053-10 1992 Epo was also able to activate p21ras as measured by exchange of guanosine diphosphate for guanosine triphosphate. Guanosine Triphosphate 90-112 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 30-33 1620132-5 1992 Thus, in the absence of PKC stimulation, the TCR was still able to induce accumulation of p21ras-GTP complexes, and this stimulation correlated with an inactivation of p21ras GTPase-activating proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 97-100 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 90-93 1599919-0 1992 Simulation of the solution structure of the H-ras p21-GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 54-57 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 50-53 1599919-1 1992 An unconstrained simulation of the GTP-bound form of the H-ras protein p21 is performed in an aqueous environment with charge-neutralizing counterions. Guanosine Triphosphate 35-38 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 71-74 1540187-1 1992 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 (smg GDS) stimulated the binding of guanosine 5"-(3-0-thio) triphosphate (GTP gamma S) to smg p21B. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1592117-4 1992 In addition cross-linking of [alpha-32P]GTP with GTP-binding proteins was demonstrated in model systems using different purified GTPases, human c-H-ras p21, transducin from bovine retina, polypeptide elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) from T. thermophilus and initiation factor 2 (IF2) from T. thermophilus. Guanosine Triphosphate 40-43 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 152-155 1351295-1 1992 Ras p21 proteins cycle between inactive, GDP-bound forms and active GTP-bound forms. Guanosine Triphosphate 68-71 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 1540187-1 1992 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 (smg GDS) stimulated the binding of guanosine 5"-(3-0-thio) triphosphate (GTP gamma S) to smg p21B. Guanosine Triphosphate 125-128 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1907371-1 1991 We have purified a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), cloned its cDNA, and named it GDP dissociation stimulator (smg p21 GDS). Guanosine Triphosphate 35-38 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 64-67 1932038-0 1991 Is there a rate-limiting step before GTP cleavage by H-ras p21? Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 59-62 1932038-1 1991 A slow fluorescence change of the complex between ras p21 and the fluorescent GTP analogue 2"(3")-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)guanosine 5"-triphosphate (mGTP) has been postulated to be a signal arising from a step which is rate limiting and precedes the actual GTP hydrolysis reaction [Neal, S. E., Eccleston, J. F., & Webb, M. R. (1990) Proc. Guanosine Triphosphate 78-81 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 54-57 1932038-1 1991 A slow fluorescence change of the complex between ras p21 and the fluorescent GTP analogue 2"(3")-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)guanosine 5"-triphosphate (mGTP) has been postulated to be a signal arising from a step which is rate limiting and precedes the actual GTP hydrolysis reaction [Neal, S. E., Eccleston, J. F., & Webb, M. R. (1990) Proc. Guanosine Triphosphate 150-153 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 54-57 1820685-4 1991 Other cellular factors can positively regulate p21ras by stimulating GDP/GTP exchange. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1883817-0 1991 GTP hydrolysis mechanisms in ras p21 and in the ras-GAP complex studied by fluorescence measurements on tryptophan mutants. Guanosine Triphosphate 0-3 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 33-36 1907371-0 1991 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 is active on the post-translationally processed form of c-Ki-ras p21 and rhoA p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1907371-0 1991 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 is active on the post-translationally processed form of c-Ki-ras p21 and rhoA p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 116-119 1907371-0 1991 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 is active on the post-translationally processed form of c-Ki-ras p21 and rhoA p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 116-119 1908842-0 1991 Inhibition of the action of a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 by acidic membrane phospholipids. Guanosine Triphosphate 46-49 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 75-78 1908842-1 1991 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 (smg p21 GDS) stimulated the dissociation of GDP from smg p21B. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1908842-1 1991 A stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 (smg p21 GDS) stimulated the dissociation of GDP from smg p21B. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 56-59 2052624-7 1991 (iii) Identification of sequence regions, other than the effector loop and the nucleotide binding site, that may be involved in the functional cycle: they are loop L4, known to change conformation after GTP hydrolysis; helix alpha 2, especially Arg-73 and Met-67 in ras p21; loops L8 and L10, including ras p21 Arg-123, Lys-147, and Leu-120; and residues located spatially near the N and C termini. Guanosine Triphosphate 203-206 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 270-273 2052624-7 1991 (iii) Identification of sequence regions, other than the effector loop and the nucleotide binding site, that may be involved in the functional cycle: they are loop L4, known to change conformation after GTP hydrolysis; helix alpha 2, especially Arg-73 and Met-67 in ras p21; loops L8 and L10, including ras p21 Arg-123, Lys-147, and Leu-120; and residues located spatially near the N and C termini. Guanosine Triphosphate 203-206 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 307-310 1773783-1 1991 The three-dimensional structure of the active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-analogue-containing complex of the H-ras-encoded p21 has been determined. Guanosine Triphosphate 46-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 124-127 1773783-1 1991 The three-dimensional structure of the active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-analogue-containing complex of the H-ras-encoded p21 has been determined. Guanosine Triphosphate 70-73 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 124-127 1674518-6 1991 In the present report, we demonstrate that the TCR/CD3 complex and the CD2 Ag control the accumulation of p21ras-GTP complexes via a regulatory effect on p21ras GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 113-116 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 106-109 1549351-0 1992 Molecular cloning of the human cDNA for a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for c-Ki-ras p21 and smg p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 58-61 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 92-95 1549351-0 1992 Molecular cloning of the human cDNA for a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for c-Ki-ras p21 and smg p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 58-61 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 104-107 1549353-1 1992 smg p21A and -B (smg p21s) are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) with the same putative effector domain as ras p21s. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 1734890-2 1992 smg GDS, previously thought to be a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, Ki-ras p21, and rho p21, but not for Ha-ras p21 or smg p25A, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 81-84 1734890-2 1992 smg GDS, previously thought to be a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, Ki-ras p21, and rho p21, but not for Ha-ras p21 or smg p25A, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1734890-2 1992 smg GDS, previously thought to be a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, Ki-ras p21, and rho p21, but not for Ha-ras p21 or smg p25A, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1734890-2 1992 smg GDS, previously thought to be a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, Ki-ras p21, and rho p21, but not for Ha-ras p21 or smg p25A, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1734890-2 1992 smg GDS, previously thought to be a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, Ki-ras p21, and rho p21, but not for Ha-ras p21 or smg p25A, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1734890-3 1992 rho GDI, previously thought to be an inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein specific for rho p21, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 90-93 1734890-3 1992 rho GDI, previously thought to be an inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein specific for rho p21, was also active on rac1 p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 52-55 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 119-122 1610210-0 1992 Immunohistological localization of smg p25A, a ras p21-like guanosine 5"-triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein in human skin. Guanosine Triphosphate 87-90 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 1469896-5 1992 This upregulation was manifested as persistent Ras p21-GTP binding, altered C16 alpha/C2 hydroxylation of estradiol, and hyperplasia preceding tumorigenesis. Guanosine Triphosphate 55-58 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 1939117-0 1991 Inhibition of the action of the stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21 by the geranylgeranylated synthetic peptides designed from its C-terminal region. Guanosine Triphosphate 48-51 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 77-80 1901241-1 1991 We prepared monoclonal antibodies specific for smg p21A, one of the low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins and possibly a suppressor molecule for ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 89-92 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 1826565-2 1991 The ras gene product (p21) is a GTP-binding protein, and the activity of the protein is regulated by bound GDP/GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 32-35 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 1826565-2 1991 The ras gene product (p21) is a GTP-binding protein, and the activity of the protein is regulated by bound GDP/GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 111-114 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 1826565-3 1991 Recent studies have shown that a certain class of growth factors stimulates the formation of active p21-GTP complexes in fibroblasts and that oncogene products with enhanced tyrosine kinase activities have a similar effect on ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 100-103 1826565-4 1991 We have measured the ratio of active GTP-bound p21 to total p21 in several lymphoid and myeloid cell lines in order to understand the role of ras in the proliferation of these cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 47-50 1826565-5 1991 Interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhance the formation of the active p21.GTP, whereas IL-4 has no effect on p21-bound GDP/GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 130-133 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 126-129 1901412-5 1991 Other low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins belonging to the Ras superfamily, including Rab-3A, Rap-2b, and c-Ha-ras p21, are not phosphorylated by CaM kinase Gr. Guanosine Triphosphate 27-30 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 121-124 1907371-1 1991 We have purified a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), cloned its cDNA, and named it GDP dissociation stimulator (smg p21 GDS). Guanosine Triphosphate 35-38 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 81-84 1907371-1 1991 We have purified a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), cloned its cDNA, and named it GDP dissociation stimulator (smg p21 GDS). Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 64-67 1907371-1 1991 We have purified a stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), cloned its cDNA, and named it GDP dissociation stimulator (smg p21 GDS). Guanosine Triphosphate 96-99 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 81-84 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 112-115 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 37-40 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 112-115 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 112-115 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1899665-1 1991 Limited proteolysis with trypsin of smg p21B, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein having the same putative effector domain as ras p21s, produced the N-terminal fragment and the C-terminal tail of Lys-Lys-Ser-Ser-geranylgeranyl-Cys methyl ester. Guanosine Triphosphate 67-70 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 1899665-8 1991 In contrast, a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, named GDP dissociation stimulator, stimulated the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the intact smg p21B but not that of the N-terminal fragment. Guanosine Triphosphate 19-22 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1899665-8 1991 In contrast, a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21, named GDP dissociation stimulator, stimulated the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the intact smg p21B but not that of the N-terminal fragment. Guanosine Triphosphate 107-110 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1899665-9 1991 These results indicate 1) that smg p21B is composed of at least two functionally different domains, the N-terminal GDP/GTP-binding and GTPase domain and the C-terminal membrane-binding domain, 2) that smg p21B binds to membranes through its C-terminal hydrophobic and basic domain, and 3) that this C-terminal domain is also essential for the smg p21 GDP dissociation stimulator action but not for the smg p21 GTPase-activating protein action. Guanosine Triphosphate 119-122 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 35-38 1900001-0 1991 Stoichiometric interaction of smg p21 with its GDP/GTP exchange protein and its novel action to regulate the translocation of smg p21 between membrane and cytoplasm. Guanosine Triphosphate 51-54 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 34-37 1900001-0 1991 Stoichiometric interaction of smg p21 with its GDP/GTP exchange protein and its novel action to regulate the translocation of smg p21 between membrane and cytoplasm. Guanosine Triphosphate 51-54 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 130-133 1900001-1 1991 We have previously purified a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, members of a ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 63-66 1900001-1 1991 We have previously purified a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, members of a ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1900001-1 1991 We have previously purified a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, members of a ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 63-66 1900001-1 1991 We have previously purified a GDP/GTP exchange protein for smg p21A and -B, members of a ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein superfamily. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 93-96 1900001-2 1991 This regulatory protein, named smg p21 GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS), stimulates the dissociation of both GDP and GTP from and the subsequent binding of both GDP and GTP to smg p21s. Guanosine Triphosphate 118-121 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 35-38 1900001-2 1991 This regulatory protein, named smg p21 GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS), stimulates the dissociation of both GDP and GTP from and the subsequent binding of both GDP and GTP to smg p21s. Guanosine Triphosphate 170-173 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 35-38 1900001-3 1991 We show here that smg p21 GDS forms a complex with both the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of smg p21B at a molar ratio of about 1:1. Guanosine Triphosphate 69-72 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 1900001-6 1991 These results indicate that smg p21 GDS stoichiometrically interacts with smg p21B and thereby regulates its GDP/GTP exchange reaction and its translocation between membranes and cytoplasm. Guanosine Triphosphate 113-116 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 32-35 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 106-109 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 37-40 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1899665-0 1991 Role of the C-terminal region of smg p21, a ras p21-like small GTP-binding protein, in membrane and smg p21 GDP/GTP exchange protein interactions. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 48-51 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 211-214 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 106-109 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 211-214 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 211-214 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 211-214 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 211-214 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 2085379-1 1990 The predicted conformation and position of the central transforming region (residues 55-67) of the p21 protein are compared with the conformation and position of this segment in a recently determined X-ray crystal structure of residues 1-166 of this protein in the activated state bound to a nonhydrolyzable GTP derivative. Guanosine Triphosphate 308-311 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 99-102 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 1652268-6 1991 When ras proteins were preactivated with the non-hydrolysable GTP analog GppNHp, the time courses of both p21(Gly-12) and p21(Val-12) effects were fast and sustained, suggesting that in intact cells (i) the GDP/GTP exchange is faster for p21(Gly-12) compared to p21(Val-12) and (ii) inactivation of p21(Gly-12) is mediated by GAP-induced GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 62-65 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 2146678-1 1990 The ras gene product (p21) is a GTP-binding protein and has been thought to transduce signals regulating proliferation or differentiation of cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 32-35 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 2146678-2 1990 Like other GTP-binding proteins, p21.GTP is an active conformation, which can transduce the signals downstream, whereas p21.GDP is an inactive one. Guanosine Triphosphate 11-14 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 33-36 2146678-2 1990 Like other GTP-binding proteins, p21.GTP is an active conformation, which can transduce the signals downstream, whereas p21.GDP is an inactive one. Guanosine Triphosphate 11-14 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 120-123 2146678-2 1990 Like other GTP-binding proteins, p21.GTP is an active conformation, which can transduce the signals downstream, whereas p21.GDP is an inactive one. Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 33-36 2146678-3 1990 Recently, we have shown that p21.GTP levels increased in cells treated with fetal bovine serum or platelet-derived growth factor to initiate DNA synthesis. Guanosine Triphosphate 33-36 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 29-32 2146678-4 1990 In this paper, we report that epidermal growth factor can also increase the amounts of p21.GTP in the cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 91-94 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 87-90 2146678-7 1990 We also found that the ratio of p21.GTP to p21.GDP increased 3- to 4-fold in transformants carrying activated erbB-2/neu or v-src oncogenes. Guanosine Triphosphate 36-39 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 32-35 2146678-7 1990 We also found that the ratio of p21.GTP to p21.GDP increased 3- to 4-fold in transformants carrying activated erbB-2/neu or v-src oncogenes. Guanosine Triphosphate 36-39 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 43-46 2279848-1 1990 The GTP-binding p21 protein, encoded by the ras-oncogene, becomes transforming if amino acid substitutions are made at critical positions in the polypeptide chain, e.g., at Gly 12, Gly 13, Ala 59, Gln 61 and Glu 63. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 2199064-6 1990 Gln-61 in cellular p21 adopts a conformation where it is able to catalyze GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 74-77 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 19-22 2196171-0 1990 Refined crystal structure of the triphosphate conformation of H-ras p21 at 1.35 A resolution: implications for the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 128-131 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 68-71 2196171-1 1990 The crystal structure of the H-ras oncogene protein p21 complexed to the slowly hydrolysing GTP analogue GppNp has been determined at 1.35 A resolution. Guanosine Triphosphate 92-95 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 52-55 2198577-1 1990 The ras gene product (p21) is a GTP-binding protein and is thought to play an important role in signal transduction of growth and differentiation in many types of mammalian cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 32-35 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 2164710-6 1990 Binding of GAP to Rap1A-p21 was strictly guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent. Guanosine Triphosphate 41-63 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 24-27 2164710-6 1990 Binding of GAP to Rap1A-p21 was strictly guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 24-27 2188736-2 1990 Recombinant human ras p21 GAP (GTPase activating protein) at subnanomolar concentrations inhibited GTP-dependent channel opening in isolated atrial cell membranes. Guanosine Triphosphate 31-34 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 22-25 2188736-5 1990 We therefore propose that ras p21 GTP complexed with GAP (ras p21-GAP) blocks K+[ACh] currents. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 30-33 2188736-5 1990 We therefore propose that ras p21 GTP complexed with GAP (ras p21-GAP) blocks K+[ACh] currents. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 62-65 2188736-6 1990 The channel block could be overcome by GTP gamma S activation of endogenous Gk; this indicates that ras p21-GAP does not interfere with interaction of Gk with the K+[ACh] channel directly, but prevents coupling of the muscarinic receptor to endogenous Gk. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 104-107 2111463-0 1990 Time-resolved X-ray crystallographic study of the conformational change in Ha-Ras p21 protein on GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 97-100 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 82-85 2111463-1 1990 Crystals of Ha-Ras p21 with caged GTP at the active site have been used to investigate the conformational changes of p21 on GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 34-37 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 19-22 2111463-1 1990 Crystals of Ha-Ras p21 with caged GTP at the active site have been used to investigate the conformational changes of p21 on GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 124-127 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 19-22 2111463-1 1990 Crystals of Ha-Ras p21 with caged GTP at the active site have been used to investigate the conformational changes of p21 on GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Triphosphate 124-127 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 117-120 2111463-2 1990 The structure of the short-lived p21.GTP complex was determined by Laue diffraction methods. Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 33-36 2158984-4 1990 The GTP-bound form of smg p21, however, inhibited the ras p21 GAP-stimulated GTPase activity of c-Ha-ras p21 in a dose-dependent manner. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 26-29 2158984-4 1990 The GTP-bound form of smg p21, however, inhibited the ras p21 GAP-stimulated GTPase activity of c-Ha-ras p21 in a dose-dependent manner. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 2157708-7 1990 Taken together, these results point out that Thr82 is in close proximity to the gamma-phosphate of GTP, as in the case of Thr59 in p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 99-102 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 131-134 2157708-8 1990 These results are in agreement with the observations derived from x-ray diffraction analysis that the tertiary structure of the GTP-binding domain of elongation factor Tu and that of p21 are similar. Guanosine Triphosphate 128-131 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 183-186 2158984-4 1990 The GTP-bound form of smg p21, however, inhibited the ras p21 GAP-stimulated GTPase activity of c-Ha-ras p21 in a dose-dependent manner. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 2158984-6 1990 The GDP-bound form also inhibited the ras p21 GAP-stimulated GTPase activity of c-Ha-ras p21, but the efficiency was 40-50% that of the GTP-bound form. Guanosine Triphosphate 61-64 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 42-45 2158984-6 1990 The GDP-bound form also inhibited the ras p21 GAP-stimulated GTPase activity of c-Ha-ras p21, but the efficiency was 40-50% that of the GTP-bound form. Guanosine Triphosphate 61-64 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 2686707-2 1989 The GTP-binding p21 protein encoded by the ras-oncogene can be activated to cause malignant transformation of cells by substitution of a single amino acid at critical positions along the polypeptide chain. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 2535967-5 1989 GAP interacts with p21 proteins (normal and mutant) in a GTP-dependent fashion. Guanosine Triphosphate 57-60 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 19-22 2535967-7 1989 It remains possible that GAP simply regulates p21-GTP levels, and binds to the same site as the true effector without transmitting a downstream signal. Guanosine Triphosphate 50-53 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 46-49 2476675-1 1989 The crystal structure of the guanine-nucleotide-binding domain of p21 (amino acids 1-166) complexed to the guanosine triphosphate analogue guanosine-5"-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNp) has been determined at a resolution of 2.6 A. Guanosine Triphosphate 107-129 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 66-69 2502546-2 1989 The resulting G-binding domain, p21 (1-166) = p21C", can be crystallized as a complex with the slowly hydrolyzing GTP analogues guanosin-5"-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate, guanosin-5"-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate, and guanosin-5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). Guanosine Triphosphate 114-117 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 32-35 2785386-0 1989 Comparison of the conformation and GTP hydrolysing ability of N-terminal ras p21 protein segments. Guanosine Triphosphate 35-38 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 77-80 2649686-0 1989 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the human c-H-ras-oncogene product p21 complexed with GTP analogues. Guanosine Triphosphate 104-107 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 85-88 2649686-1 1989 The catalytic domain (amino acid residues 1 to 166) of the human ras-oncogene product p21 complexed with the GTP analogues beta,gamma-imido-GTP (GMPPNP), beta,gamma-methylene-GTP (GMPPCP), and guanosine-5"-(gamma-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) have been been crystallized. Guanosine Triphosphate 109-112 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 2649686-1 1989 The catalytic domain (amino acid residues 1 to 166) of the human ras-oncogene product p21 complexed with the GTP analogues beta,gamma-imido-GTP (GMPPNP), beta,gamma-methylene-GTP (GMPPCP), and guanosine-5"-(gamma-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) have been been crystallized. Guanosine Triphosphate 140-143 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 86-89 2686707-15 1989 In addition, such phenomena as autophosphorylation of the p21 protein by GTP can be explained with this new model structure for the activated protein which cannot be explained by the structure for the non-activated protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 58-61 2689384-2 1989 The issue of whether ras is directly involved in maintaining the metastatic phenotype through the expression and action of its gene product has been examined by analyzing the relationship to ras expression and to the production of the p21 ras-GTP complex, which is thought to mediate ras-transforming activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 243-246 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 235-238 2535967-10 1989 Perhaps GAP is an enzyme (or is bound to an enzyme) that acts on membrane components in a p21-GTP-dependent manner and in doing so transmits signals to other downstream effectors. Guanosine Triphosphate 94-97 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 90-93 3170578-5 1988 The sequence of the GTP-binding site is consistent with predictions from other GTP-binding proteins such as elongation factor Tu or ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 20-23 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 136-139 3143720-5 1988 Homology search indicates that smg p21 is a novel protein with the consensus amino acid sequences for GTP/GDP-binding and GTPase domains but shares about 55% amino acid sequence homology with the human c-Ha-ras protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 102-105 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 35-38 3170578-5 1988 The sequence of the GTP-binding site is consistent with predictions from other GTP-binding proteins such as elongation factor Tu or ras p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 79-82 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 136-139 3181143-0 1988 Structure-function relationships in the GTP binding domain of EF-Tu: mutation of Val20, the residue homologous to position 12 in p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 40-43 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 129-132 3181143-7 1988 As in p21, this position in EF-Tu is critical, influencing specifically the GDP/GTP interaction as well as other functions. Guanosine Triphosphate 80-83 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 6-9 3181143-9 1988 The differences observed with two homologous residues, Gly20 and Gly12 in EF-Tu and p21 respectively, show the importance of a variable residue in a consensus element in defining specific functions of GTP binding proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 201-204 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 84-87 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 78-81 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 34-37 2833702-3 1988 It is assumed that an external signal is detected by a membrane molecule (or detector) that stimulates the conversion of p21.GDP to p21.GTP which then interacts with a target molecule (or effector) to generate an internal signal. Guanosine Triphosphate 136-139 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 121-124 2833702-3 1988 It is assumed that an external signal is detected by a membrane molecule (or detector) that stimulates the conversion of p21.GDP to p21.GTP which then interacts with a target molecule (or effector) to generate an internal signal. Guanosine Triphosphate 136-139 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 132-135 2844230-4 1988 The progressive addition of the detergent cholate appeared to increase the efficiency of p21 preparations to bind GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 114-117 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 2844230-5 1988 This affinity for GTP was not removed even at high detergent concentrations, when delipification of the p21 was presumably effected. Guanosine Triphosphate 18-21 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 104-107 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 78-81 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 226-229 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 78-81 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 226-229 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 34-37 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 226-229 3298232-5 1987 The association rate constant for p21 and GDP is 1.47 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 and for GTP is 2.9 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at 0 degree C. By using appropriately determined dissociation rate constants we have determined the binding constant for p21.GDP and p21.GTP in the presence of excess Mg2+ to be 5.7 X 10(10) M-1 and 6.0 X 10(10) M-1, respectively, at 0 degree C. Guanosine Triphosphate 242-245 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 226-229 3554231-5 1987 Its GTPase shows the characteristics of a slow turnover reaction (0.1 mmol X sec-1 X mol-1 of G domain), whose rate closely corresponds to the initial hydrolysis rate of EF-Tu X GTP in the absence of effectors and lies in the typical range of GTPase of the p21 protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 257-260 3115313-11 1987 These domains of homologies are also similar to those of other GTP binding proteins, such as the product of the ras gene (p21) and the initiation or elongation factors. Guanosine Triphosphate 63-66 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 122-125 3537694-2 1986 The ability of the encoded p21"s to autophosphorylate, bind guanine nucleotides, and hydrolyze GTP was assessed. Guanosine Triphosphate 95-98 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 27-30 2821624-6 1987 This protein stimulated GTP hydrolysis by purified Gly12 p21 more than 200-fold in vitro, but had no effect on Asp12 or Val12 mutants. Guanosine Triphosphate 24-27 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 57-60 2821624-9 1987 Furthermore, it appears that the major effect of position 12 mutations is to prevent this protein from stimulating p21 GTPase activity, thereby allowing these mutants to remain in the active GTP-bound state. Guanosine Triphosphate 119-122 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 115-118 3546289-3 1987 The specificity of this protocol is shown by (a) sensitivity of affinity labeling of ras p21 to known inhibitors of GTP binding and (b) immunoprecipitation of affinity labeled protein with anti-ras p21 serum. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 89-92 3540608-9 1986 Consistent with knowledge of known G-regulatory proteins, these findings support a model in which the p21-GTP complex is the biologically active form of the p21 protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 106-109 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 102-105 3540608-9 1986 Consistent with knowledge of known G-regulatory proteins, these findings support a model in which the p21-GTP complex is the biologically active form of the p21 protein. Guanosine Triphosphate 106-109 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 157-160 3533923-0 1986 Reactivity of a sulfhydryl group of the ras oncogene product p21 modulated by GTP binding. Guanosine Triphosphate 78-81 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 61-64 3533923-2 1986 Approximately 70% of GTP binding and autokinase activities of p21 were inactivated by NEM, and excessive amounts of GTP or GDP protected p21 activities. Guanosine Triphosphate 21-24 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 62-65 3533923-2 1986 Approximately 70% of GTP binding and autokinase activities of p21 were inactivated by NEM, and excessive amounts of GTP or GDP protected p21 activities. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 62-65 3533923-2 1986 Approximately 70% of GTP binding and autokinase activities of p21 were inactivated by NEM, and excessive amounts of GTP or GDP protected p21 activities. Guanosine Triphosphate 116-119 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 137-140 3533923-6 1986 This is based on the comparative tryptic peptide mapping of [14C]NEM-modified p21 in the presence and absence of GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 113-116 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 78-81 3533923-9 1986 This region of p21 shares an extensive sequence homology with various G-proteins and appears to be in the vicinity of the GTP-binding domain of these proteins. Guanosine Triphosphate 122-125 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 15-18 2431273-1 1986 The p21 products of ras proto-oncogenes are GTP-binding proteins with associated GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 44-47 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 4-7 3023062-6 1986 The GTP binding regions of p21 ras and a C-terminal cysteine involved in membrane anchoring are also present in ral; this strongly suggests that ral is a GTP binding protein with membrane localization. Guanosine Triphosphate 4-7 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 27-30 3023062-6 1986 The GTP binding regions of p21 ras and a C-terminal cysteine involved in membrane anchoring are also present in ral; this strongly suggests that ral is a GTP binding protein with membrane localization. Guanosine Triphosphate 154-157 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 27-30 3333361-12 1986 Furthermore, these studies also conclude that GTP binding is crucial for p21 ras cellular function. Guanosine Triphosphate 46-49 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 73-76 3929144-7 1985 Like the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins, Ns and Ni, which mediate stimulation and inhibition, respectively, of adenylate cyclase, p21 is a membrane-associated GTP binding protein, which exhibits GTPase activity. Guanosine Triphosphate 167-170 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 138-141 3537694-3 1986 All versions of p21 bound GTP equivalently; the kinase activity, while dependent upon residue 12, did not correlate with the transforming potential of the polypeptide. Guanosine Triphosphate 26-29 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 16-19 3927300-3 1985 Anti-p21ser was found to immunoprecipitate v-Ki-ras p21 and to strongly inhibit its ability to autophosphorylate and to bind GTP in an immunoabsorption assay. Guanosine Triphosphate 125-128 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 5-8 3927300-4 1985 Furthermore, binding of the antibody to p21 was specifically inhibited by GTP or GDP, suggesting that amino acids around position 12 are part of the GTP/GDP binding site. Guanosine Triphosphate 149-152 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 3919305-1 1985 Mammalian ras oncogenes encode polypeptides of relative molecular mass (Mr) 21,000 (p21) which bind GTP and GDP. Guanosine Triphosphate 100-103 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 84-87 3919305-3 1985 Recently, we and others have observed that normal p21, encoded by the Ha-ras gene, has a GTP hydrolytic activity that is reduced by the oncogenic substitutions Val 12 or Thr 59. Guanosine Triphosphate 89-92 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 50-53 3927300-4 1985 Furthermore, binding of the antibody to p21 was specifically inhibited by GTP or GDP, suggesting that amino acids around position 12 are part of the GTP/GDP binding site. Guanosine Triphosphate 74-77 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 26828437-3 2016 We studied the kinetics of intrinsic GTP hydrolysis reaction in the absence and presence of a biologically active peptide derivative of a p21-activated kinase effector (PBD46) for wt Cdc42 and compared it to the Switch 1 variant Cdc42(T35A). Guanosine Triphosphate 37-40 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 138-141 6148751-2 1984 The purified protein molecules possess intrinsic GTPase activity on the basis of the following criteria: (i) elution of the GTPase activity with p21 GDP-binding activity in two different chromatography systems, (ii) parallel thermal inactivation of GTPase activity and p21 GTP-binding activity, and (iii) immunoprecipitation of the GTPase activity with monoclonal antibodies to p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 145-148 6148751-2 1984 The purified protein molecules possess intrinsic GTPase activity on the basis of the following criteria: (i) elution of the GTPase activity with p21 GDP-binding activity in two different chromatography systems, (ii) parallel thermal inactivation of GTPase activity and p21 GTP-binding activity, and (iii) immunoprecipitation of the GTPase activity with monoclonal antibodies to p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 269-272 6148751-2 1984 The purified protein molecules possess intrinsic GTPase activity on the basis of the following criteria: (i) elution of the GTPase activity with p21 GDP-binding activity in two different chromatography systems, (ii) parallel thermal inactivation of GTPase activity and p21 GTP-binding activity, and (iii) immunoprecipitation of the GTPase activity with monoclonal antibodies to p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 269-272 6148751-3 1984 At 37 degrees C, the rate of GTP hydrolysis by the purified normal p21 assayed in solution was 5.3-6.6 mmol/min per mol of p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 29-32 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 67-70 6148751-3 1984 At 37 degrees C, the rate of GTP hydrolysis by the purified normal p21 assayed in solution was 5.3-6.6 mmol/min per mol of p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 29-32 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 123-126 6148751-4 1984 The rate of GTP hydrolysis by a form of p21 [Val12] encoded by a human oncogene was significantly lower (1.4-1.9 mmol/min per mol of p21). Guanosine Triphosphate 12-15 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 6148751-4 1984 The rate of GTP hydrolysis by a form of p21 [Val12] encoded by a human oncogene was significantly lower (1.4-1.9 mmol/min per mol of p21). Guanosine Triphosphate 12-15 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 133-136 6148751-7 1984 The observation that oncogenic forms of p21 lose GTPase activity suggests that GTP hydrolysis may be a biochemical event that inactivates the growth-promoting effects of a p21 X GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 6148751-7 1984 The observation that oncogenic forms of p21 lose GTPase activity suggests that GTP hydrolysis may be a biochemical event that inactivates the growth-promoting effects of a p21 X GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 49-52 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 172-175 6148751-7 1984 The observation that oncogenic forms of p21 lose GTPase activity suggests that GTP hydrolysis may be a biochemical event that inactivates the growth-promoting effects of a p21 X GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 79-82 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 40-43 6148751-7 1984 The observation that oncogenic forms of p21 lose GTPase activity suggests that GTP hydrolysis may be a biochemical event that inactivates the growth-promoting effects of a p21 X GTP complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 79-82 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 172-175 6609071-0 1984 Homologies in the primary structure of GTP-binding proteins: the nucleotide-binding site of EF-Tu and p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 39-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 102-105 28126652-2 2017 The protein encoded by this gene forms an activated complex with GTP-bound RAS-like (P21), CDC2 and RAC1 proteins which then mediates a variety of cellular processes. Guanosine Triphosphate 65-68 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 85-88 26375402-3 2015 p21-activated kinases are serine-threonine kinases that serve as targets for the small GTP binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac1 and have been implicated in different morphogenetic processes through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton such as synapse formation and neuritogenesis. Guanosine Triphosphate 87-90 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 0-3 22385209-1 2012 Mutations of human oncoprotein p21(Ras) (hereafter Ras) at glutamine 61 are known to slow the rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis and transform healthy cells into malignant cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 102-124 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 31-34 25567764-1 2015 We report in this work that the Abeta peptide directly interacts with tubulin close to the vinblastine and GTP/GDP binding site, inhibits the tubulin polymerization rate, induces tubulin aggregation, causes cell shrinking, enhances Mad2, BubR1, p53, and p21 activation in MCF7 cells and induces the apoptotic death of A549, HeLa and MCF7 cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 107-110 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 254-257 24309939-10 2013 Molecular docking analysis suggested that WA could bind to HRas-GTP, causing accumulation of Ras-GTP and excessive activation of Raf/ERK/p53-p21. Guanosine Triphosphate 64-67 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 141-144 22404134-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is activated by binding to the small (p21) GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. Guanosine Triphosphate 131-134 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 18-21 22404134-1 2012 INTRODUCTION: The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine protein kinases is activated by binding to the small (p21) GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac. Guanosine Triphosphate 131-134 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 126-129 22385209-1 2012 Mutations of human oncoprotein p21(Ras) (hereafter Ras) at glutamine 61 are known to slow the rate of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis and transform healthy cells into malignant cells. Guanosine Triphosphate 126-129 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 31-34 16698776-6 2006 As a biological model system, we have used H-Ras p21 with an artificially introduced photo-labile GTP precursor (caged GTP) and a covalently attached fluorophore (IANBD amide). Guanosine Triphosphate 98-101 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 49-52 17632540-8 2007 Furthermore, the inhibition of CaMKII decreased membrane-bound Tiam1 and GTP-bound Rac1, which are known to be involved in p21 expression and tumor growth in a variety of solid malignant neoplasms. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 123-126 21396949-7 2011 Moreover, our results demonstrated that attenuation of GTP by almost 60% augmented the intracellular ROS and nuclear localization of p21 and subsequently led to cell death. Guanosine Triphosphate 55-58 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 133-136 17094109-0 2007 Mechanisms of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis by Ras and Ras-GAP proteins as rationalized by ab initio QM/MM simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 14-36 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 51-54 17094109-0 2007 Mechanisms of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis by Ras and Ras-GAP proteins as rationalized by ab initio QM/MM simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 14-36 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 59-62 17094109-1 2007 The hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by p21(ras) (Ras) has been modeled by using the ab initio type quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 27-49 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 59-67 17094109-1 2007 The hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by p21(ras) (Ras) has been modeled by using the ab initio type quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 27-49 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 69-72 17094109-1 2007 The hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by p21(ras) (Ras) has been modeled by using the ab initio type quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 51-54 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 59-67 17094109-1 2007 The hydrolysis reaction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by p21(ras) (Ras) has been modeled by using the ab initio type quantum mechanical-molecular mechanical simulations. Guanosine Triphosphate 51-54 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 69-72 17094109-2 2007 Initial geometry configurations have been prompted by atomic coordinates of the crystal structure (PDBID: 1QRA) corresponding to the prehydrolysis state of Ras in complex with GTP. Guanosine Triphosphate 176-179 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 156-159 17094109-5 2007 At the first stage, a unified action of the nearest residues of Ras and the nearest water molecules results in a substantial spatial separation of the gamma-phosphate group of GTP from the rest of the molecule (GDP). Guanosine Triphosphate 176-179 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 64-67 17094109-9 2007 The results of simulations are compared to the previous findings for the GTP hydrolysis in the Ras-GAP (p21(ras)-p120(GAP)) protein complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 95-98 17094109-9 2007 The results of simulations are compared to the previous findings for the GTP hydrolysis in the Ras-GAP (p21(ras)-p120(GAP)) protein complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 104-107 17094109-9 2007 The results of simulations are compared to the previous findings for the GTP hydrolysis in the Ras-GAP (p21(ras)-p120(GAP)) protein complex. Guanosine Triphosphate 73-76 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 108-111 16298082-3 2006 Neurofibrinomin, the protein product of the NF1 gene (neurofibromin gene (human)), is a guanosine triphosphate activating protein for p21(ras). Guanosine Triphosphate 88-110 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 134-137