PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 23466546-5 2013 Then, insulin was removed from the cryogel by using 0.1 M glycine-HCl buffer (pH: 3.5). Glycine 58-69 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 23378610-0 2013 Genetic variants associated with glycine metabolism and their role in insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes. Glycine 33-40 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 74-77 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 74-77 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 74-77 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 151-154 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 151-154 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23093664-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: In vivo, after subcutaneous injection, insulin glargine (21(A)-Gly-31(B)-Arg-32(B)-Arg-human insulin) is enzymatically processed into 21(A)-Gly-human insulin (metabolite 1 [M1]). Glycine 151-154 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23093664-2 2012 21(A)-Gly-des-30(B)-Thr-human insulin (metabolite 2 [M2]) is also found. Glycine 6-9 insulin Homo sapiens 30-37 23093664-11 2012 Glargine is rapidly and nearly completely processed to M1 (21(A)-Gly-human insulin), which mediates the metabolic effect of injected glargine. Glycine 65-68 insulin Homo sapiens 75-82 21936798-3 2011 To this end, hydrogen-transfer reactions have been observed between cysteine thiyl radicals and glycine, alanine, serine, valine and leucine in both model peptides and a protein, insulin. Glycine 96-103 insulin Homo sapiens 179-186 21537880-11 2012 Tau, but not Cys, Gly and Met, inhibited, by as much as 70%, insulin-mediated H2O2 pool increase. Glycine 18-21 insulin Homo sapiens 61-68 21674205-6 2012 Here we report on a molecular dynamics (MD) study of single-layer oligomers of the full-length insulin which aimed to identify the structural elements that are important for amyloid stability, and to suggest single glycine mutants in the beta-sheet region that may improve the formulation. Glycine 215-222 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 23056045-0 2012 Arginine 16 Glycine Polymorphism in beta2-Adrenergic Receptor Gene is Associated with Obesity, Hyperlipidemia, Hyperleptinemia, and Insulin Resistance in Saudis. Glycine 12-19 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 21764223-5 2011 Measures which enhance adipocyte insulin sensitivity--such as pioglitazone, astaxanthin, and spirulina--may also be helpful in this regard, as may agents that boost hepatocyte capacity for fatty acid oxidation, such as metformin, carnitine, hydroxycitrate, long-chain omega-3 fats, and glycine. Glycine 286-293 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 18029081-1 2008 The N-terminal glycine of the A-chain in insulin is reported to be one of the residues that binds to the insulin receptor. Glycine 15-22 insulin Homo sapiens 41-48 20209060-2 2010 After subcutaneous injection insulin glargine is partly converted into the two main metabolites M1 ([Gly(A21)]insulin) and M2 ([Gly(A21),des-Thr(B30)]insulin). Glycine 101-104 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 19010062-6 2010 Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-S%) and insulin sensitivity index for glycemia (ISI(gly)) and insulin secretion by HOMA-B%. Glycine 109-112 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 21668335-2 2011 Substitution of glycine for asparagine and addition of two arginine residues raise the isoelectric point of insulin glargine and result in microprecipitates, delaying absorption from subcutaneous tissue. Glycine 16-23 insulin Homo sapiens 108-115 20522590-6 2010 Among Pima Indians with normal glucose tolerance, the diabetes risk allele glycine of Gly54Asp was associated with a decreased acute insulin response to an intravenous glucose bolus infusion (P = 0.004, adjusted for age, sex, percent body fat, glucose disposal under physiological insulin stimulation, and family membership). Glycine 75-82 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 20130411-6 2010 PCOS patients who had the Ser/Ser genotype of the PGC-1alpha Gly482Ser polymorphism had significantly higher levels of postprandial 2-hour insulin than those with the Gly/Ser genotype (p = 0.045). Glycine 61-64 insulin Homo sapiens 139-146 18583466-8 2008 Moreover, a case-control study indicated that plasma insulin and C-peptide responses to a lipid load were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in six Gly/Ser than in 12 Gly/Gly carriers. Glycine 144-147 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 18583466-8 2008 Moreover, a case-control study indicated that plasma insulin and C-peptide responses to a lipid load were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in six Gly/Ser than in 12 Gly/Gly carriers. Glycine 163-166 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 18583466-8 2008 Moreover, a case-control study indicated that plasma insulin and C-peptide responses to a lipid load were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in six Gly/Ser than in 12 Gly/Gly carriers. Glycine 163-166 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 17972239-5 2008 Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR, insulin sensitivity using ISI(gly) and ISI(Stumvoll) indexes, insulin secretion by first (1stPH est) and second phase (2ndPH est) estimates. Glycine 75-78 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 16704222-5 2006 In a separate experiment, insulin was modified by formaldehyde (CH2O vs CD2O) and glycine. Glycine 82-89 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 17512307-5 2007 Among whites, the ADRB1 Arg389-->Gly variant associated with insulin concentrations and HOMA(IR): mean +/- SD values for insulin and HOMA(IR) in Arg389 homozygotes and carriers of the Gly were 10 +/- 7.0 and 12 +/- 9.4 micro IU/mL (P = .02) and 2.1 +/- 1.7 and 2.6 +/- 2.2 (P = .057), respectively. Glycine 36-39 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 17512307-5 2007 Among whites, the ADRB1 Arg389-->Gly variant associated with insulin concentrations and HOMA(IR): mean +/- SD values for insulin and HOMA(IR) in Arg389 homozygotes and carriers of the Gly were 10 +/- 7.0 and 12 +/- 9.4 micro IU/mL (P = .02) and 2.1 +/- 1.7 and 2.6 +/- 2.2 (P = .057), respectively. Glycine 36-39 insulin Homo sapiens 124-131 17512307-5 2007 Among whites, the ADRB1 Arg389-->Gly variant associated with insulin concentrations and HOMA(IR): mean +/- SD values for insulin and HOMA(IR) in Arg389 homozygotes and carriers of the Gly were 10 +/- 7.0 and 12 +/- 9.4 micro IU/mL (P = .02) and 2.1 +/- 1.7 and 2.6 +/- 2.2 (P = .057), respectively. Glycine 187-190 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 17512307-5 2007 Among whites, the ADRB1 Arg389-->Gly variant associated with insulin concentrations and HOMA(IR): mean +/- SD values for insulin and HOMA(IR) in Arg389 homozygotes and carriers of the Gly were 10 +/- 7.0 and 12 +/- 9.4 micro IU/mL (P = .02) and 2.1 +/- 1.7 and 2.6 +/- 2.2 (P = .057), respectively. Glycine 187-190 insulin Homo sapiens 124-131 17308032-0 2007 Insulin increases the potency of glycine at ionotropic glycine receptors. Glycine 33-40 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 17308032-3 2007 Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that insulin reversibly enhanced current evoked by exogenous glycine and increased the amplitude of spontaneous glycinergic miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in cultured spinal neurons. Glycine 102-109 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 17308032-4 2007 Insulin (1 microM) also shifted the glycine concentration-response plot to the left and reduced the glycine EC(50) value from 52 to 31 microM. Glycine 36-43 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 17308032-8 2007 Together, these results show that insulin has a novel regulatory action on the potency of glycine for ionotropic glycine receptors. Glycine 90-97 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 16704222-9 2006 Furthermore, eight out of the sixteen potentially reactive sites of the insulin molecule were modified by incubation with formaldehyde and glycine. Glycine 139-146 insulin Homo sapiens 72-79 16215634-2 2005 Moreover, its corresponding position is always occupied by a Gly residue in other members of insulin superfamily. Glycine 61-64 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 16215634-9 2005 The present results suggest that Gly is likely the only applicable natural amino acid for the B8 position of insulin where both foldability and activity are concerned. Glycine 33-36 insulin Homo sapiens 109-116 14693408-0 2004 Genotype Gly/Gly of the Arg16Gly polymorphism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor is associated with elevated fasting serum insulin concentrations, but not with acute insulin response to glucose, in type 2 diabetic patients. Glycine 9-12 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 15811564-1 2005 A commonly occurring nucleotide polymorphism of the insulin-receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) gene at amino acid 1057 from Glycine to Asparaginic acid (G1057D) was recently shown to be a determinant of insulin sensitivity in both glucose-tolerant individuals and those with type 2 diabetes. Glycine 118-125 insulin Homo sapiens 52-59 15741239-6 2005 L-Glycine or L-alanine mimicked the effect of glucose on basal leptin secretion but completely prevented stimulation by insulin. Glycine 0-9 insulin Homo sapiens 120-127 14693408-0 2004 Genotype Gly/Gly of the Arg16Gly polymorphism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor is associated with elevated fasting serum insulin concentrations, but not with acute insulin response to glucose, in type 2 diabetic patients. Glycine 13-16 insulin Homo sapiens 121-128 14693408-0 2004 Genotype Gly/Gly of the Arg16Gly polymorphism of the beta2-adrenergic receptor is associated with elevated fasting serum insulin concentrations, but not with acute insulin response to glucose, in type 2 diabetic patients. Glycine 13-16 insulin Homo sapiens 164-171 14693408-9 2004 However, increased sensitivity to catecholamine-induced lipolysis of the Gly allele promotes higher free fatty acids concentrations in the portal system, which could enhance the higher levels of fasting insulin. Glycine 73-76 insulin Homo sapiens 203-210 12606537-5 2003 However, among nondiabetic Pima Indians (n = 183-201), those with the Gly/Gly genotype had a lower mean insulin secretory response to intravenous and oral glucose and a lower mean rate of lipid oxidation (over 24 h in a respiratory chamber) despite a larger mean subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size and a higher mean plasma free fatty acid concentration. Glycine 70-73 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 12780388-7 2003 Insulin stimulated [14C]Gly-Sar uptake with an ED50 value of 3.5 +/- 2.0 ng mL-1 (n = 3-6) and a maximal stimulation of approximately 18% (n = 3-6). Glycine 24-27 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 12817477-1 2003 B8Gly is absolutely conserved in insulin from different species, and in other members of the insulin superfamily the corresponding position is always occupied by a Gly residue. Glycine 2-5 insulin Homo sapiens 33-40 12631734-3 2003 To address this directly, mutant human proinsulin (Arg/Gly(32):Lys/Thr(64)), which cannot be cleaved by conversion endoproteases, was expressed in primary rat islet cells by recombinant adenovirus. Glycine 55-58 insulin Homo sapiens 39-49 12606537-5 2003 However, among nondiabetic Pima Indians (n = 183-201), those with the Gly/Gly genotype had a lower mean insulin secretory response to intravenous and oral glucose and a lower mean rate of lipid oxidation (over 24 h in a respiratory chamber) despite a larger mean subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size and a higher mean plasma free fatty acid concentration. Glycine 74-77 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 12450897-9 2002 The serum insulin concentration also was slightly elevated after the ingestion of glycine alone. Glycine 82-89 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 12450897-11 2002 The dynamics of the insulin response after the ingestion of glycine plus glucose were modestly different from those after the ingestion of glucose alone, but the area response was not significantly different. Glycine 60-67 insulin Homo sapiens 20-27 12450897-12 2002 CONCLUSION: The data are compatible with the hypothesis that oral glycine stimulates the secretion of a gut hormone that potentiates the effect of insulin on glucose removal from the circulation. Glycine 66-73 insulin Homo sapiens 147-154 12196530-7 2002 Introduction of multiple glycine substitutions into the N-terminal segment of the A chain (residues A1-A5) yields analogs that are less stable than native insulin and essentially without biological activity. Glycine 25-32 insulin Homo sapiens 155-162 11978638-0 2002 Insulin secretory function is impaired in isolated human islets carrying the Gly(972)-->Arg IRS-1 polymorphism. Glycine 77-80 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 11068099-2 2000 Endoproteinase Glu-C digestion combined with mass spectrometry and automated Edman degradation localized glycation to Gly(1) and Phe(1) of the insulin A- and B-chains, respectively. Glycine 118-121 insulin Homo sapiens 143-150 11862322-8 2002 On the other hand, insulin sensitivity was similar in the X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1 972) and the Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1). Glycine 79-82 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 11862322-8 2002 On the other hand, insulin sensitivity was similar in the X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1 972) and the Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1). Glycine 83-86 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 11862322-8 2002 On the other hand, insulin sensitivity was similar in the X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1 972) and the Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1). Glycine 83-86 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 11862322-8 2002 On the other hand, insulin sensitivity was similar in the X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1 972) and the Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1). Glycine 83-86 insulin Homo sapiens 19-26 11825324-2 2001 Extension of the C-terminal of the B-chain with two arginine residues and the substitution of glycine for asparagine at position A-21 increases the isoelectric point, resulting in precipitation of the insulin at the injection site and a protracted absorption. Glycine 94-101 insulin Homo sapiens 201-208 11319720-2 2001 A slight modification of these formulas allows the calculation of insulin resistance indices (IRI), ie, IRI(gly) and IRI(ffa). Glycine 108-111 insulin Homo sapiens 66-73 11257802-0 2001 Inhibition of platelet aggregation of a mutant proinsulin molecule engineered by introduction of a native Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. Glycine 110-113 insulin Homo sapiens 47-57 11257802-2 2001 The constructed Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-proinsulin gene was cloned into a temperature-inducible vector pBV220 and expressed in Escherichia coli. Glycine 20-23 insulin Homo sapiens 34-44 12107756-6 2002 There were significant differences in fasting insulin (Gly/Gly; 37.7 +/- 1.43, Gly/Ser; 40.2 +/- 1.21, Ser/Ser; 44.3 +/- 1.82 pmol/l, p = 0.018) and insulin resistance index (Gly/Gly; 1.48 +/- 0.06, Gly/Ser; 1.56 +/- 0.05, Ser/Ser; 1.75 +/- 0.08, p = 0.027) according to the genotype of the Gly482Ser polymorphism. Glycine 55-58 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 11456285-6 2001 Changes from baseline of early (p < 0.05), late (p < 0.05), and total insulin (p < 0.02) responses were higher in the glycine group than in controls. Glycine 127-134 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 11456285-8 2001 In conclusion, a morning dose of glycine 5 g orally increased early, late and total insulin responses without changes in insulin action in healthy first-degree relatives of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Glycine 33-40 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 10937511-2 2000 OBJECTIVE: Insulin glargine (HOE 901, 21(A)-Gly-30(B)a-L-Arg-30(B)b-L-Arg human insulin) is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate and an increased duration of action that closely mimics normal basal insulin secretion. Glycine 44-47 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 11030562-4 2000 However, expression of a cDNA encoding a proinsulin-like molecule with deletion of threonine(B30) as a fusion protein with the S. cerevisiae alpha-factor prepro-peptide (leader), followed either by replacement of the human proinsulin C-peptide with a small C-peptide (e.g. AAK), or by direct fusion of lysine(B29) to glycine(A1), results in the efficient secretion of folded single-chain proinsulin-like molecules to the culture supernatant. Glycine 317-324 insulin Homo sapiens 41-51 10937511-2 2000 OBJECTIVE: Insulin glargine (HOE 901, 21(A)-Gly-30(B)a-L-Arg-30(B)b-L-Arg human insulin) is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate and an increased duration of action that closely mimics normal basal insulin secretion. Glycine 44-47 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 10937511-2 2000 OBJECTIVE: Insulin glargine (HOE 901, 21(A)-Gly-30(B)a-L-Arg-30(B)b-L-Arg human insulin) is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate and an increased duration of action that closely mimics normal basal insulin secretion. Glycine 44-47 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 10937511-2 2000 OBJECTIVE: Insulin glargine (HOE 901, 21(A)-Gly-30(B)a-L-Arg-30(B)b-L-Arg human insulin) is a novel recombinant analog of human insulin with a shift in the isoelectric point producing a retarded absorption rate and an increased duration of action that closely mimics normal basal insulin secretion. Glycine 44-47 insulin Homo sapiens 128-135 10871840-5 2000 The insulin stimulated or Src/Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo was significantly reduced when Grb10 tyrosine 67 was changed to glycine. Glycine 140-147 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 10834423-2 2000 OBJECTIVE: Insulin glargine (21A-Gly-30Ba-L-Arg-30Bb-L-Arg-human insulin) is a biosynthetic insulin analog with a prolonged duration of action compared with NPH human insulin. Glycine 33-36 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 11056959-0 2000 Effect of glycine on plasma levels of glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers. Glycine 10-17 insulin Homo sapiens 50-57 12058195-1 2000 In the insulin structural motif n1-Cys-Gly-X10-Cys-n2-Cys-Cys-X3-Cys-X8-Cys-n3, there are seven absolutely conserved amino acid residues, and the only Gly is at position B8. Glycine 39-42 insulin Homo sapiens 7-14 9787104-11 1998 More physiological methods are those utilizing OGTT data, allowing calculation of an Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia, or ISI(gly), through the formula: 2/((INSp x GLYp)+1), where INSp and GLYp are the measured insulin and glycemic areas expressed by taking mean normal value as 1. Glycine 115-118 insulin Homo sapiens 85-92 15992080-2 1999 A combination of a di-arginine addition to the C-terminal of the insulin B-chain, and a glycine substitution in the A-chain, produce an insulin which is soluble at acid pH, but precipitates in sc. Glycine 88-95 insulin Homo sapiens 136-143 9813131-4 1998 In the context of 4E insulin, the employed mutants, i.e. ThrA8-->His and ValA3-->Gly, result in species with 143% and 0.1% biological activity, respectively, relative to human insulin. Glycine 87-90 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 9813131-4 1998 In the context of 4E insulin, the employed mutants, i.e. ThrA8-->His and ValA3-->Gly, result in species with 143% and 0.1% biological activity, respectively, relative to human insulin. Glycine 87-90 insulin Homo sapiens 182-189 9787104-11 1998 More physiological methods are those utilizing OGTT data, allowing calculation of an Insulin Sensitivity Index for glycemia, or ISI(gly), through the formula: 2/((INSp x GLYp)+1), where INSp and GLYp are the measured insulin and glycemic areas expressed by taking mean normal value as 1. Glycine 115-118 insulin Homo sapiens 217-224 9787104-12 1998 The corresponding Insulin Resistance Index, or IRI(gly), can be obtained through the formula: 2/((1/(INSp x GLYp))+1). Glycine 51-54 insulin Homo sapiens 18-25 9268623-4 1997 Lungfish insulin also contains amino acid substitutions such as Gly --> Ala at position B-21, Glu --> Asp at position B-22, and a Lys --> Ser residue at position B-30, previously found in insulins from amphibia. Glycine 64-67 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 9708987-6 1998 The structure of a cross-linked derivative of B28 Asp insulin, containing an Ala-Lys dipeptide linker between residues B30 Ala and A1 Gly, has also determined. Glycine 134-137 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 9566852-1 1998 HOE 901 is a new biosynthetic long-acting human insulin analog (GLY[A21]ARG[B31]ARG[B32]). Glycine 64-67 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 8343513-2 1993 Analogues include those in which ArgB22 of des-octapeptide(B23-B30)-insulin is extended by one to three residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-NH2, by one to five residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-Phe-NH2, or by an additional residue of glycine prior to termination in more extended sequences derived from insulin or [GlyB24]insulin. Glycine 116-123 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 8686881-7 1995 Analysis of the concentration dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of insulin yields a lower limit for the association constant for dimerization of insulin of KD > or = 6 x 10(3) M-1 (25 mM tris and 192 mM Gly, pH 8.4). Glycine 215-218 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 8686881-7 1995 Analysis of the concentration dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of insulin yields a lower limit for the association constant for dimerization of insulin of KD > or = 6 x 10(3) M-1 (25 mM tris and 192 mM Gly, pH 8.4). Glycine 215-218 insulin Homo sapiens 154-161 8567184-8 1995 While the glycine and D-proline analogues (relative binding 104 and 143%, respectively) retain the self-association properties typical of insulin, [PheB28]des-(B29-B30)-insulin-B28-amide (relative binding 50%) shows diminished self-association. Glycine 10-17 insulin Homo sapiens 138-145 7951134-2 1994 Four stable products were identified having exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic group(s) on insulin at the i) Gly(A1), ii) Gly(A1) and Phe(B1), iii) Gly(A1) and Lys(B29), and iv) Gly(A1), Phe(B1) and Lys(B29) sites, together with four labile products produced by the reaction of ETPA with the non-amino groups of the stable products. Glycine 115-118 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 7951134-2 1994 Four stable products were identified having exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic group(s) on insulin at the i) Gly(A1), ii) Gly(A1) and Phe(B1), iii) Gly(A1) and Lys(B29), and iv) Gly(A1), Phe(B1) and Lys(B29) sites, together with four labile products produced by the reaction of ETPA with the non-amino groups of the stable products. Glycine 128-131 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 7951134-2 1994 Four stable products were identified having exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic group(s) on insulin at the i) Gly(A1), ii) Gly(A1) and Phe(B1), iii) Gly(A1) and Lys(B29), and iv) Gly(A1), Phe(B1) and Lys(B29) sites, together with four labile products produced by the reaction of ETPA with the non-amino groups of the stable products. Glycine 128-131 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 7951134-2 1994 Four stable products were identified having exo-3,6-epoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic group(s) on insulin at the i) Gly(A1), ii) Gly(A1) and Phe(B1), iii) Gly(A1) and Lys(B29), and iv) Gly(A1), Phe(B1) and Lys(B29) sites, together with four labile products produced by the reaction of ETPA with the non-amino groups of the stable products. Glycine 128-131 insulin Homo sapiens 97-104 8343513-2 1993 Analogues include those in which ArgB22 of des-octapeptide(B23-B30)-insulin is extended by one to three residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-NH2, by one to five residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-Phe-NH2, or by an additional residue of glycine prior to termination in more extended sequences derived from insulin or [GlyB24]insulin. Glycine 184-191 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 8343513-2 1993 Analogues include those in which ArgB22 of des-octapeptide(B23-B30)-insulin is extended by one to three residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-NH2, by one to five residues of glycine prior to termination in Phe-Phe-NH2, or by an additional residue of glycine prior to termination in more extended sequences derived from insulin or [GlyB24]insulin. Glycine 184-191 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 34593560-6 2021 In addition, WMS-1410 completely prevented the decrease in insulin secretion of about 32 % provoked by a 24-h-treatment with NMDA/glycine. Glycine 130-137 insulin Homo sapiens 59-66 1445924-0 1992 Nonlocal structural perturbations in a mutant human insulin: sequential resonance assignment and 13C-isotope-aided 2D-NMR studies of [PheB24-->Gly]insulin with implications for receptor recognition. Glycine 146-149 insulin Homo sapiens 52-59 1445924-0 1992 Nonlocal structural perturbations in a mutant human insulin: sequential resonance assignment and 13C-isotope-aided 2D-NMR studies of [PheB24-->Gly]insulin with implications for receptor recognition. Glycine 146-149 insulin Homo sapiens 150-157 1445924-4 1992 The mutant insulin retains near-native receptor-binding affinity despite a nonconservative substitution (PheB24-->Gly) in the receptor-binding surface. Glycine 117-120 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 2354880-5 1990 Feasibility of the approach has been demonstrated by the syntheses of the C-terminal octapeptide from human proinsulin, H-Leu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gln-OH, and the serum thymic factor pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH. Glycine 138-141 insulin Homo sapiens 108-118 2354880-5 1990 Feasibility of the approach has been demonstrated by the syntheses of the C-terminal octapeptide from human proinsulin, H-Leu-Ala-Leu-Glu-Gly-Ser-Leu-Gln-OH, and the serum thymic factor pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH. Glycine 207-210 insulin Homo sapiens 108-118 34587244-4 2021 Supplementation with GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine as a cysteine precursor) was found to improve/correct cellular glycine, cysteine, and GSH deficiencies; lower OxS; and improve mitochondrial function, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, and multiple aging hallmarks; and improve muscle strength, exercise capacity, cognition, and body composition. Glycine 44-51 insulin Homo sapiens 238-245 8432860-7 1993 Net negative balances of alanine, methionine, glycine, threonine and asparagine (typical substrates for system A amino acid transport) also were decreased by insulin, whereas serine (another substrate for system A transport) shifted from a zero balance to net uptake. Glycine 46-53 insulin Homo sapiens 158-165 1936592-7 1991 The biological significance of insulin-dependent gly-Pl hydrolysis was demonstrated by insulin and inositol phosphoglycan regulation of glucose metabolism in intact lymphocytes. Glycine 49-52 insulin Homo sapiens 31-38 1936592-7 1991 The biological significance of insulin-dependent gly-Pl hydrolysis was demonstrated by insulin and inositol phosphoglycan regulation of glucose metabolism in intact lymphocytes. Glycine 49-52 insulin Homo sapiens 87-94 34449768-8 2021 In addition, Gly/Arg genotype of IRS1 gene was associated with significantly higher body mass index, fat mass, %body fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, aspartate transaminase, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels in OSA and NAFLD subjects. Glycine 13-16 insulin Homo sapiens 202-209 34084151-3 2021 All are strongly related to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in adults (glycine inversely) and are independent of biological and methodological variations in insulin assays. Glycine 85-92 insulin Homo sapiens 28-35 35460232-11 2022 Significant genetic and phenotypic correlations were found for glycine and serine-glycine ratio with metabolic disease risk factors including adiposity, insulin sensitivity and inflammation-related phenotypes (rhog = -0.37 to 0.35, P < 0.03, rhop = -0.19 to 0.13, P < 0.006). Glycine 63-70 insulin Homo sapiens 153-160 3300695-1 1987 The S-thiomethyl derivatives of insulin A chain with A1-Gly replaced by D- or L-Trp have been prepared and their respective interaction and combination with the S-thiomethyl B chain studied. Glycine 56-59 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 35052658-0 2022 GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation Improves Impaired Mitochondrial Fuel Oxidation and Lowers Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Study. Glycine 8-15 insulin Homo sapiens 112-119 3146495-3 1988 Interestingly, when expressed in terms of mol/g of creatinine, the normalization of serine excretion brought about by insulin was roughly equal to the normalization of glycine excretion brought about by insulin (-0.39 mM/g of creatinine vs. + 0.33 mM/g of creatinine over 24 h). Glycine 168-175 insulin Homo sapiens 203-210 3146495-4 1988 Since plasma serine is primarily produced in the kidneys from glycine, this suggests that insulin affects the regulation of the serine-glycine metabolic pathway. Glycine 62-69 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 3146495-4 1988 Since plasma serine is primarily produced in the kidneys from glycine, this suggests that insulin affects the regulation of the serine-glycine metabolic pathway. Glycine 135-142 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 3146495-5 1988 In turn, measurement of urinary serine and glycine may provide a useful gauge of insulin activity in the tissues, including the kidneys. Glycine 43-50 insulin Homo sapiens 81-88 2693157-6 1989 Thus, the two derivatives specifically modified the cellular processing of insulin in cultured fetal hepatocytes, and exerted an insulin-like effect on glycogenesis clearly enhanced through modification of DP-432 by substitution of glycine for proline (DP-640). Glycine 232-239 insulin Homo sapiens 129-136 2886501-7 1987 The uptake of glycine was increased 25-50% by either insulin or IGF-I. Glycine 14-21 insulin Homo sapiens 53-60 2886501-8 1987 The response to insulin or IGF-I on glycine uptake is gradual and concentration dependent. Glycine 36-43 insulin Homo sapiens 16-23 2886501-13 1987 Because of the implication that glycine responds as a neuroactive amino acid in Y79 cells these studies suggest that insulin and IGF-I may influence neuroactivity in the human retina by regulating the transport of glycine. Glycine 32-39 insulin Homo sapiens 117-124 2886501-13 1987 Because of the implication that glycine responds as a neuroactive amino acid in Y79 cells these studies suggest that insulin and IGF-I may influence neuroactivity in the human retina by regulating the transport of glycine. Glycine 214-221 insulin Homo sapiens 117-124 3301403-4 1987 The glycines at A1, B8 and B23 allow the chain to assume the characteristic tertiary interactions of the insulin fold and although polypeptide chains are shorter at the COOH-termini of the A and B chains and extended at the NH2-terminus of the B chain, the insulin-like tertiary structure can still be assumed. Glycine 4-12 insulin Homo sapiens 105-112 3301403-4 1987 The glycines at A1, B8 and B23 allow the chain to assume the characteristic tertiary interactions of the insulin fold and although polypeptide chains are shorter at the COOH-termini of the A and B chains and extended at the NH2-terminus of the B chain, the insulin-like tertiary structure can still be assumed. Glycine 4-12 insulin Homo sapiens 257-264 6352402-0 1983 Effects of insulin and glucagon on the incorporation of [14C]glycine into the protein of the liver and opercular muscle of the eel in vitro. Glycine 56-68 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 3099757-2 1986 The glycine N-terminus and the four tyrosine phenolic groups had the same properties as in the associated forms of insulin. Glycine 4-11 insulin Homo sapiens 115-122 3902102-0 1985 [A new structural analog of human insulin--glycine-B30-insulin]. Glycine 43-50 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 3902102-0 1985 [A new structural analog of human insulin--glycine-B30-insulin]. Glycine 43-50 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 3902102-1 1985 Enzymatic-chemical preparation of glycine-B30-insulin, a new structural analog of human insulin has been performed. Glycine 34-41 insulin Homo sapiens 46-53 3902102-1 1985 Enzymatic-chemical preparation of glycine-B30-insulin, a new structural analog of human insulin has been performed. Glycine 34-41 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 2988200-4 1985 Output of protons into the medium and its acidification (alteration of pM by 0.01-0.012) within 3-6 sec was found in experiments with impulse administration of insulin 100 micrograms and pFCCP 0.1 micrograms into the suspension of freshly isolated rat adipocytes (5 ml) added to an electrolyte containing 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM beta-hydroxybutyric acid, 0.01 mM Gly-Gly (pH 7.45). Glycine 358-361 insulin Homo sapiens 160-167 2988200-4 1985 Output of protons into the medium and its acidification (alteration of pM by 0.01-0.012) within 3-6 sec was found in experiments with impulse administration of insulin 100 micrograms and pFCCP 0.1 micrograms into the suspension of freshly isolated rat adipocytes (5 ml) added to an electrolyte containing 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM beta-hydroxybutyric acid, 0.01 mM Gly-Gly (pH 7.45). Glycine 362-365 insulin Homo sapiens 160-167 6352402-3 1983 Insulin also increased the incorporation of [14C]glycine into the liver protein, while a decrease in the radioactivity of the TCA-soluble fraction was observed. Glycine 44-56 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 6339497-4 1983 Both B29-lysine- and A1-glycine-substituted N-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)glycyl insulin compete with 125I-insulin for binding to 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the B29-derivative retains a biological activity similar to that for native insulin. Glycine 24-31 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 6339497-4 1983 Both B29-lysine- and A1-glycine-substituted N-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)glycyl insulin compete with 125I-insulin for binding to 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the B29-derivative retains a biological activity similar to that for native insulin. Glycine 24-31 insulin Homo sapiens 102-109 6339497-4 1983 Both B29-lysine- and A1-glycine-substituted N-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)glycyl insulin compete with 125I-insulin for binding to 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the B29-derivative retains a biological activity similar to that for native insulin. Glycine 24-31 insulin Homo sapiens 102-109 6792030-1 1981 The introduction of a crosslink between the amino groups of A1-glycine and B29-lysine of the insulin molecule leads to a marked decrease in sensitivity towards pepsin. Glycine 63-70 insulin Homo sapiens 93-100 7046464-8 1982 The mechanism is unclear, but enhancement of insulin absorption can be produced by glycine and AIB alone. Glycine 83-90 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 7046464-9 1982 This raises the possibility of a link between the absorption of insulin and the glycine and AIB shared transport system, but excludes a primary metabolic effect because AIB is nonmetabolizable. Glycine 80-87 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 7044895-1 1981 A gene has been constructed which codes for an analog of human proinsulin in which the normal 35-amino acid connecting peptide is replaced by a "mini-C" peptide of six amino acids (Arg-Arg-Gly-Ser-Lys-Arg). Glycine 189-192 insulin Homo sapiens 63-73 7028141-1 1981 An intramolecular modification of insulin at the alpha-amino group of glycine (A1) and the epsilon-amino group of lysine (B29) was carried out. Glycine 70-77 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 6997872-7 1980 These results suggest that the antagonistic activity of a human insulin variant having leucine at position B24 or B25 can be assigned to the molecule with the sequence Gly-Leu-Phe-Tyr (residues B23-B26) in its active site. Glycine 168-171 insulin Homo sapiens 64-71 6997175-2 1980 As expected, the infusion of insulin exhibited significant reduction of the release of glycine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, threonine and isoleucine. Glycine 87-94 insulin Homo sapiens 29-36 1117054-1 1975 Changes in blood levels of glucagon, insulin and glucose in response to infusions of alanine and glycine have been studied in postabsorptive and fasting obese human subjects. Glycine 97-104 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 284388-5 1979 By labeling with [14C]dansyl chloride, an insulin intermediate with three amino-terminal residues, glycine, phenylalanine, and leucine, was identified. Glycine 99-106 insulin Homo sapiens 42-49 1001848-2 1976 Biological activity of proinsulin and insulin modified at A1-glycine and B29-lysine. Glycine 61-68 insulin Homo sapiens 23-33 1001848-2 1976 Biological activity of proinsulin and insulin modified at A1-glycine and B29-lysine. Glycine 61-68 insulin Homo sapiens 26-33 649058-5 1978 After protection of the N-terminal glycine residue of the A-chain by citraconylation, a biologically active PVP-insulin was obtained. Glycine 35-42 insulin Homo sapiens 112-119 33783984-0 2021 Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) supplementation in older adults improves glutathione deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, genotoxicity, muscle strength, and cognition: Results of a pilot clinical trial. Glycine 0-7 insulin Homo sapiens 162-169 34044180-1 2021 BACKGROUND: A strong association of obesity and insulin resistance with increased circulating levels of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and decreased glycine levels has been recognized in human subjects for decades. Glycine 158-165 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 33030354-1 2020 Objective: To evaluate insulin treatment satisfaction, safety, and effectiveness of biosimilar insulin glargine (GLY) in real-world clinical practice for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who switched from originator insulin glargine (100 U/mL) or insulin degludec treatment to GLY treatment.Methods: The Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) was used to assess treatment satisfaction in a subgroup analysis of a post-marketing safety study. Glycine 113-116 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 33030354-1 2020 Objective: To evaluate insulin treatment satisfaction, safety, and effectiveness of biosimilar insulin glargine (GLY) in real-world clinical practice for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who switched from originator insulin glargine (100 U/mL) or insulin degludec treatment to GLY treatment.Methods: The Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) was used to assess treatment satisfaction in a subgroup analysis of a post-marketing safety study. Glycine 113-116 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 33030354-1 2020 Objective: To evaluate insulin treatment satisfaction, safety, and effectiveness of biosimilar insulin glargine (GLY) in real-world clinical practice for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who switched from originator insulin glargine (100 U/mL) or insulin degludec treatment to GLY treatment.Methods: The Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ITSQ) was used to assess treatment satisfaction in a subgroup analysis of a post-marketing safety study. Glycine 113-116 insulin Homo sapiens 95-102 33007928-0 2020 Supplementing Glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Aging HIV Patients Improves Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Insulin Resistance, Genotoxicity, Strength, and Cognition: Results of an Open-Label Clinical Trial. Glycine 14-21 insulin Homo sapiens 167-174 32003208-12 2019 Hypertensive patients with Arg/Arg and Gly/Arg genotypes had significantly higher HOMA-IR (p <0.01), glucose, insulin and triglycerides levels (p <0.05), than in Gly/Gly genotype. Glycine 39-42 insulin Homo sapiens 110-117 32093879-0 2020 An association between glycine and insulin levels is observed in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes. Glycine 23-30 insulin Homo sapiens 35-42 32093879-2 2020 In particular, glycine has immunomodulatory properties and is a secretagogue of insulin. Glycine 15-22 insulin Homo sapiens 80-87 32093879-4 2020 The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glycine and insulin plasma levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Glycine 62-69 insulin Homo sapiens 74-81 32093879-9 2020 A correlation between glycine and insulin levels in the PTB (r = 0.326) and PTB-DM2 (r = 0.318) groups was found. Glycine 22-29 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 32093879-10 2020 CONCLUSION: Our results showed a significant association between glycine and insulin plasma levels in patients with PTB and PTB-DM2, which suggests that the determination of glycine levels could be used as a reference test to evaluate both pathologic conditions. Glycine 65-72 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 32093879-10 2020 CONCLUSION: Our results showed a significant association between glycine and insulin plasma levels in patients with PTB and PTB-DM2, which suggests that the determination of glycine levels could be used as a reference test to evaluate both pathologic conditions. Glycine 174-181 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 32271092-1 2020 Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of biosimilar insulin glargine (GLY) in real-world clinical practice.Methods: This prospective, non-interventional, multicenter, observational, post-marketing safety study (PMSS) enrolled Japanese patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM) starting GLY therapy, and was required by Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Law mandating post-marketing safety surveillance to acquire safety and effectiveness data of biosimilar products. Glycine 94-97 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 32429590-10 2020 The altered serum levels of most amino acids were associated with insulin resistance, while the increase in glutamate and the decrease in glycine levels were strongly associated not only with insulin resistance, but also with altered liver metabolism in patients with liver fibrosis. Glycine 138-145 insulin Homo sapiens 192-199 31104335-8 2019 Follow-up analyses suggested that glycine mediates the relationship between carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 and measures of cardiovascular and diabetes risk, including body mass index, waist-hip ratio, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Glycine 34-41 insulin Homo sapiens 219-226 31908508-8 2019 However, reduced levels of serine, homoserine and allothrionine, substrates for glycine production, indicate the depletion of glycine, thus possibly impair insulin sensitivity in T2D patients of the present study. Glycine 126-133 insulin Homo sapiens 156-163 30604098-2 2019 All insulin superfamily members contain three absolutely conserved disulfide linkages and a nonchiral Gly residue immediately following the first B-chain cysteine. Glycine 102-105 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 30604098-3 2019 The functionality of this conserved Gly residue in the insulin family has been studied by replacing it with natural L-amino acids or the corresponding unnatural D-amino acids. Glycine 36-39 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 29916244-4 2018 Consistent with experiments, it is found that the Gly and Ala modifications lead to insulin dimers with reduced stability by 4 and 5 kcal/mol from thermodynamic integration and 4 and 8 kcal/mol from results using molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area, respectively. Glycine 50-53 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 30604098-8 2019 The present study revealed functionality of the conserved B-chain Gly residue for a relaxin family peptide for the first time, providing an overview of its contribution to foldability and activity of the insulin superfamily. Glycine 66-69 insulin Homo sapiens 204-211 30837465-6 2019 Our findings strengthen evidence for a protective effect of glycine on CHD and show that the glycine-T2D association may be driven by a glycine-lowering effect of insulin resistance. Glycine 93-100 insulin Homo sapiens 163-170 30837465-6 2019 Our findings strengthen evidence for a protective effect of glycine on CHD and show that the glycine-T2D association may be driven by a glycine-lowering effect of insulin resistance. Glycine 93-100 insulin Homo sapiens 163-170 29094215-1 2018 Plasma glycine level is low in patients with obesity or diabetes and the improvement of insulin resistance increases plasma glycine concentration. Glycine 7-14 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 29094215-1 2018 Plasma glycine level is low in patients with obesity or diabetes and the improvement of insulin resistance increases plasma glycine concentration. Glycine 124-131 insulin Homo sapiens 88-95 29239245-9 2018 We conclude that elevated branched-chain amino acids and reduced glycine are currently the most robust and consistent amino acid markers for prediabetes, insulin resistance, and future T2D. Glycine 65-72 insulin Homo sapiens 154-161 25041275-0 2015 Insulin glargine metabolite 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1) is the principal component circulating in the plasma of young children with type 1 diabetes: results from the PRESCHOOL study. Glycine 35-38 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 27207556-0 2016 A Glycine-Insulin Autocrine Feedback Loop Enhances Insulin Secretion From Human beta-Cells and Is Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes. Glycine 2-9 insulin Homo sapiens 10-17 27207556-0 2016 A Glycine-Insulin Autocrine Feedback Loop Enhances Insulin Secretion From Human beta-Cells and Is Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes. Glycine 2-9 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 27207556-6 2016 beta-Cells exhibit significant glycine-induced Cl(-) currents that promote membrane depolarization, Ca(2+) entry, and insulin secretion from beta-cells from donors without T2D. Glycine 31-38 insulin Homo sapiens 118-125 27207556-9 2016 Finally, a significant positive relationship exists between insulin and GlyR, because insulin enhances the glycine-activated current in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner, a positive feedback loop that we find is completely lost in beta-cells from donors with T2D. Glycine 107-114 insulin Homo sapiens 60-67 26139616-7 2015 The most economical and optimal refolding condition for human preproinsulin was 1.5 g/l protein, 10 mM glycine buffer containing 0.6 M urea, pH 10.6, and 0.3 mM beta-mercaptoethanol at 15 C for 16 h. The maximum refolding yield was 74.8% at 15 C with 1.5 g/l protein. Glycine 103-110 insulin Homo sapiens 62-75 27207556-9 2016 Finally, a significant positive relationship exists between insulin and GlyR, because insulin enhances the glycine-activated current in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner, a positive feedback loop that we find is completely lost in beta-cells from donors with T2D. Glycine 107-114 insulin Homo sapiens 86-93 26614892-7 2016 The enzyme was used to modify glycine-extended A22(G)-B31(K)-B32(R) human insulin analogue (GKR). Glycine 30-37 insulin Homo sapiens 74-81 25041275-0 2015 Insulin glargine metabolite 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1) is the principal component circulating in the plasma of young children with type 1 diabetes: results from the PRESCHOOL study. Glycine 35-38 insulin Homo sapiens 45-52 25041275-1 2015 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insulin glargine metabolite 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1) is the principal component circulating in plasma of adults with type 1 diabetes. Glycine 56-59 insulin Homo sapiens 21-28 25041275-1 2015 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Insulin glargine metabolite 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1) is the principal component circulating in plasma of adults with type 1 diabetes. Glycine 56-59 insulin Homo sapiens 66-73 24571126-1 2014 Insulin glargine is processed in vivo into soluble 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1), the principal moiety responsible for metabolic effects, and subsequently into M2. Glycine 58-61 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 25582325-1 2015 BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that serum levels of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products (Gly-AGEs) are elevated under oxidative stress and/or diabetic conditions and associated with insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in humans. Glycine 114-117 insulin Homo sapiens 207-214 25821801-6 2015 Alanine and glycine explained 10% of insulin resistance variability. Glycine 12-19 insulin Homo sapiens 37-44 24571126-1 2014 Insulin glargine is processed in vivo into soluble 21(A) -Gly-human insulin (M1), the principal moiety responsible for metabolic effects, and subsequently into M2. Glycine 58-61 insulin Homo sapiens 68-75 24130332-10 2014 Future studies are needed to determine whether Gly has a mechanistic role in glucose homeostasis and whether dietary Gly enrichment may be an effective intervention in diseases characterized by insulin resistance. Glycine 117-120 insulin Homo sapiens 194-201 25002580-2 2014 A hot spot for such clinical mutations is found at position B8, conserved as glycine within the vertebrate insulin superfamily. Glycine 77-84 insulin Homo sapiens 107-114 25002580-3 2014 We set out to investigate the molecular basis of the aberrant properties of a proinsulin clinical mutant in which residue Gly(B8) is replaced by Ser(B8). Glycine 122-125 insulin Homo sapiens 78-88 25002580-4 2014 Modular total chemical synthesis was used to prepare the wild-type [Gly(B8)]proinsulin molecule and three analogs: [D-Ala(B8)]proinsulin, [L-Ala(B8)]proinsulin, and the clinical mutant [L-Ser(B8)]proinsulin. Glycine 68-71 insulin Homo sapiens 76-86 25120925-0 2014 Interaction of ingested leucine with glycine on insulin and glucose concentrations. Glycine 37-44 insulin Homo sapiens 48-55 24391874-0 2013 Serum glycine is associated with regional body fat and insulin resistance in functionally-limited older adults. Glycine 6-13 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 24391874-9 2013 In addition, because of the significant associations found between glycine with HOMA-IR, IMAT, SCAT and abdominal adiposity, our results suggest glycine as a serum biomarker of both insulin sensitivity and regional fat mass in functionally-limited older adults. Glycine 145-152 insulin Homo sapiens 182-189