PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 25242205-8 2014 On the other hand, intracellular DAFT formation stimulated by a fixed flux of xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular O2(-) that also occurs by nitrosation and oxidative nitrosylation increased, peaked, and then decreased with increasing NO, as previously observed. Superoxides 117-119 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 78-94 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 78-102 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 29-52 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 78-102 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-57 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 104-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 29-52 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 104-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-57 27339206-4 2016 In the lungs of Df-treated mice, the production of O2 - from XOR increased and the nitrite concentrations decreased, whereas the protein expression of XOR remained unchanged. Superoxides 51-53 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 61-64 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 62-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 62-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 80-82 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 80-82 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 23453926-7 2013 The superoxide anion generating xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and hydrogen peroxide both induced TRAF3IP2 expression. Superoxides 4-20 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 41-57 24727558-7 2014 In addition, compared to Quercetin, the tested synthetic product reveals a relatively-strong antiradical activity towards the DPPH (activity percentage of 81.22%) free radicals and significantly decreased the reactive oxygen species such as (O2(-)) formation evaluated by the non-enzymatic (nitroblue tetrazolium/riboflavine) and the enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) systems. Superoxides 242-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 354-370 26180524-8 2014 Fenton chemistry was utilized for production of hydroxyl radicals and a xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction for the production of superoxide radicals in the diet and in RAW 264.7 mouse peritoneal monocytes exposed to the diet. Superoxides 129-148 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 81-97 24068103-2 2014 O2(-) was generated in Krebs" solution by reacting hypoxanthine with xanthine oxidase (Hx-XO) or with the O2(-) generator pyrogallol to model acute oxidative stress in vitro. Superoxides 0-2 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 69-85 23151036-11 2012 DEP effects were mediated by: (1) increased ROS including superoxide anion (O(2)( -)), related to increased xanthine dehydrogenase expression and reduced cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity; and (2) increased peroxynitrite generation related to interaction of O(2)( -) with cytokine-induced NO. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 108-130 23091050-6 2012 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caused a similar reduction in myocardial O(2)( -), only XOR inhibition reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation and Ser-1177 phosphorylation and restored both eNOS coupled activity and the negative inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) transient response to beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) mice. Superoxides 116-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 23-46 23091050-6 2012 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caused a similar reduction in myocardial O(2)( -), only XOR inhibition reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation and Ser-1177 phosphorylation and restored both eNOS coupled activity and the negative inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) transient response to beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) mice. Superoxides 116-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 48-51 23091050-7 2012 In summary, our data show that increased O(2)( -) production by XOR selectively uncouples eNOS activity and abolishes the negative inotropic effect of beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) myocytes. Superoxides 41-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 64-67 23151036-11 2012 DEP effects were mediated by: (1) increased ROS including superoxide anion (O(2)( -)), related to increased xanthine dehydrogenase expression and reduced cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity; and (2) increased peroxynitrite generation related to interaction of O(2)( -) with cytokine-induced NO. Superoxides 76-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 108-130 18788099-7 2008 Tempol (a scavenger of superoxide), apocynin (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) all not only decreased superoxide in carotid arteries, but also suppressed arterial contractions to U46619 in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Superoxides 151-161 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 110-126 22402099-2 2012 A chemiluminescence (CL) method using a luminol analog, L-012, showed that both PM and PG scavenge superoxide produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 99-109 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 135-151 19299643-5 2009 We addressed this question by blocking the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in our model of DRM. Superoxides 80-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 55-71 19076165-8 2009 These novel findings suggest that superoxide production by mouse trachea is attributed to both Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 34-44 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 129-145 18849334-9 2008 Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol) or NAD(P)H oxidase (apocynin) improved endothelium-dependent dilation and reduced superoxide production in isolated coronary arterioles following I/R. Superoxides 127-137 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 14-30 19034034-3 2008 There are several intracellular sources of superoxide anions other than NOSs, including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain. Superoxides 43-60 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 105-121 21826556-6 2011 Moreover, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species with allopurinol or apocynin in peritoneal leukocytes from old mice, suggest that both XO and NADPH oxidase contribute to the generation of superoxide anion, whereas the XO may have a special relevance in the production of hydrogen peroxyde. Superoxides 192-208 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 139-141 20660016-6 2010 We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion (via the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction) as well as the FFA palmitate augment TRB3 expression in podocytes. Superoxides 64-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 99-115 20512454-10 2010 Obese mice showed increased vascular superoxide production, which was diminished by endothelial denudation, pretreated of the vascular rings with apocynin (an inhibitor of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase), oxypurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME; an inhibitor of eNOS), or by adding the BH(4) precursor sepiapterin. Superoxides 37-47 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 270-286 19828843-0 2010 Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation. Superoxides 51-61 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 10-26 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-94 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 206-208 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 231-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 231-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 206-208 19828843-5 2010 Mice treated with the XO inhibitor oxypurinol showed a smaller increase in superoxide anions in muscle microdialysates following contractions than in microdialysates from muscles of vehicle-treated mice. Superoxides 75-85 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 22-24 19828843-9 2010 Thus these studies indicate that XO activity contributes to the increased superoxide anion detected within the extracellular space of skeletal muscles during nondamaging contractile activity and that XO-derived superoxide anion or derivatives of this radical have a positive effect on muscle force generation during isometric contractions of mouse skeletal muscles. Superoxides 74-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 33-35 19076165-0 2009 Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase are sources of superoxide in mouse trachea. Superoxides 66-76 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 34-50 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 76-86 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 166-182 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 204-214 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 166-182 19076165-5 2009 Superoxide production by isolated trachea, as measured by L-012-dependent chemiluminescence, was markedly reduced by superoxide dismutase (300 U/mL) and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (100 micromol/L). Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 157-173 18055522-7 2008 Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or stigmatellin [Q(o)-site (oriented toward the intermembrane space) inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III] or simultaneous administration of these two inhibitors significantly reduced superoxide production during ischemia to 80%, 88%, and 72%, respectively, of that measured in the untreated ischemia-reperfusion group. Superoxides 227-237 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 13-29 18477769-8 2008 Finally, xanthine oxidase, a potent superoxide generator, is decreased in subpopulations of liver hepatocytes and increased on liver endothelium in sph/sph mice. Superoxides 36-46 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 9-25 18473406-9 2008 The protection is associated with blocking the generation of superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 61-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 126-142 18177745-4 2008 In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated direct effects of O2- [hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system generating 0.12 (n=42) and 0.25 (n=45) microM O2-/min], H2O2 (20 or 100 microM, n=60), and HOCl, (1, 10, and 100 microM, n=50) on freshly ovulated or relatively old mouse oocytes, while their sibling oocytes were fixed immediately or cultured under physiological conditions (n=96). Superoxides 156-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 86-102 18030069-3 2007 Amiodarone tissue uptake was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and xanthine oxidase-dependent superoxide anion formation was investigated in vitro in presence or absence of amiodarone. Superoxides 114-130 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 87-103 17447855-2 2007 For this purpose, the effect of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in tumor cells upon their photosensitization with HPD was examined; this enzyme is participated in purine catabolism and has the ability to generate O2-*, a precursor of H2O2 and very cytotoxic hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 231-235 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 59-75 17689207-7 2007 In addition, kahweol and cafestol efficiently removed the superoxide anion generated from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 103-119 17447855-2 2007 For this purpose, the effect of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in tumor cells upon their photosensitization with HPD was examined; this enzyme is participated in purine catabolism and has the ability to generate O2-*, a precursor of H2O2 and very cytotoxic hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 231-235 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 77-80 17447855-6 2007 Experiments showed that the intensification of O2-* formation could be mediated by the stimulatory effects of heating on the activity of XOD; namely, the 12 min treatment of EAC cells by HPD-PDT at a control (30 degrees C) temperature caused an about 2-fold growth in the activity of XOD, whereas the same light exposure at 44 degrees C led already to a 2.7-fold increase in the activity of this enzyme. Superoxides 47-49 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 137-140 17447855-6 2007 Experiments showed that the intensification of O2-* formation could be mediated by the stimulatory effects of heating on the activity of XOD; namely, the 12 min treatment of EAC cells by HPD-PDT at a control (30 degrees C) temperature caused an about 2-fold growth in the activity of XOD, whereas the same light exposure at 44 degrees C led already to a 2.7-fold increase in the activity of this enzyme. Superoxides 47-49 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 284-287 17177504-4 2006 The 4"-OH in the B ring was suggested to be important for reducing xanthing/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide; while an additional OH moiety on the ortho sites (3" or 5") attenuated the effect as the observed inhibitory potency was K approximately equals MO > Q > F > MY. Superoxides 103-113 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 76-92 15499028-3 2004 This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in animal models of heart failure. Superoxides 65-75 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 40-56 16702314-7 2006 Luteolin, but not chrysin, inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide formation at 100 micromol/L in a cell-free system (P < 0.001). Superoxides 73-83 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 46-62 15637297-0 2005 A defect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase increases xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide anion and attenuates the control of myocardial oxygen consumption by nitric oxide derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 78-94 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 15499028-3 2004 This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in animal models of heart failure. Superoxides 65-75 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 58-60 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 134-150 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 12911273-0 2003 Confirmation of superoxide generation via xanthine oxidase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Superoxides 16-26 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 42-58 12911273-2 2003 In this study, xanthine oxidase (XO) system was examined as a potential source of superoxide in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 15-31 15040433-4 2004 A combination of clinical and knockout-transgenic SCD mouse studies show increased rates of xanthine oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2*-) production and reveal the presence of an oxidative and nitrative inflammatory milieu in the sickle cell vasculature, kidney and liver. Superoxides 119-129 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-108 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 134-150 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 89-91 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 152-154 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 152-154 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 89-91 10788668-2 2000 Superoxide (O(2)(-&z. rad;)) was generated by xanthine oxidase metabolism of hypoxanthine, and quantified by following reduction of cytochrome c by O(2)(-&z. rad;) as increasing absorbance at 550 nm. Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 50-66 12417549-9 2002 Adventitial application of the O2--generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase or the potent NO scavenger oxyhemoglobin impaired EDR. Superoxides 31-33 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 62-78 12031983-14 2002 Restoration of vasorelaxation with PEG-SOD or allopurinol suggests that the mechanism(s) by which IL-10 preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation involves O(2-), perhaps by reducing production of O(2-) by xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 160-165 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 210-226 11256471-2 2001 In the in vitro studies, BWHE scavenged super oxide anion produced in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system (IC50=11.4 microg phenolic compound/ml), and strongly inhibited autoxidation of linoleic acid (IC50=6.2 microg phenolic compound/ml). Superoxides 40-57 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 83-99 12076093-0 2002 Ischemia-reperfusion injury of retinal endothelium by cyclooxygenase- and xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 99-109 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 12076093-2 2002 The authors hypothesized that retinal endothelial cells can generate injurious levels of superoxide radical in response to ischemia/reperfusion, that endothelial xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase are important enzymatic sources of superoxide radical under these conditions, and that superoxide scavengers and inhibitors of these enzymes can protect endothelium from ischemic injury. Superoxides 89-107 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 12076093-2 2002 The authors hypothesized that retinal endothelial cells can generate injurious levels of superoxide radical in response to ischemia/reperfusion, that endothelial xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase are important enzymatic sources of superoxide radical under these conditions, and that superoxide scavengers and inhibitors of these enzymes can protect endothelium from ischemic injury. Superoxides 233-251 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 12076093-5 2002 MREC were injured in a duration-dependent fashion by exposure to the superoxide-generating mix of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 69-79 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 115-131 12076093-7 2002 Significant MREC protection was achieved by the superoxide scavengers SOD (1000 U ml(-1)) and a carboxylic acid derivative of carboxyfullerene (10 microM), the xanthine oxidase inhibitors oxypurinol (100 microM) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) (100 n M), and the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (300 microM) and ibuprofen (300 microM). Superoxides 48-58 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 160-176 12076093-9 2002 Both xanthine oxidase- and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathways are important enzymatic sources of superoxide formation in this setting. Superoxides 96-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 5-21 11936750-4 2002 The superoxide scavenging capacity of PNS/TPL-that is, the inhibition of the reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO)-was evaluated in vitro. Superoxides 4-14 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 131-147 11009441-12 2000 The source of superoxide in this model may be xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 46-62 10924079-7 2000 These results implicate superoxide, derived from both xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, as mediators of the increased P-selectin expression observed in different regional vascular beds exposed to hemorrhage and retransfusion. Superoxides 24-34 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-70 10836209-4 2000 The extract effectively scavenged superoxide anion, produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction and hydroxyl radical, produced by Fenton reaction. Superoxides 34-50 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 77-93 10722648-2 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is another enzyme known to produce superoxide in many tissues. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 10722648-2 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is another enzyme known to produce superoxide in many tissues. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 8873962-6 1996 In contrast, the combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase, which generates superoxide anions, failed to stimulate bone resorption, except in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which resulted in a modest increase in bone resorption to a treated/control ratio of 1.2 +/- 0.05; p < 0.02. Superoxides 79-96 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 45-61 10676651-1 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) mediates anticancer activity because of its ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 137-161 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 9721338-4 1998 The timing of paralleled induction of XO with that of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) indicates efficient simultaneous reaction: NO + O2*- --> ONOO- (peroxynitrite). Superoxides 131-137 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 38-40 9436627-6 1998 Moreover, the O2.- -generating system, xanthine plus xanthine oxidase, caused a marked hyperpolarization. Superoxides 14-16 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 9423860-5 1998 The mutant showed no increased sensitivity to paraquat, which generates superoxide within the cytosol, but was approximately 1,000-fold more sensitive to the toxicity of superoxide generated in solution by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 170-180 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 219-235 9360390-2 1997 First, superoxide generation was elevated excessive extent, 200-600 fold in the alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), by induction of xanthine oxidase which becomes maximal at about 8 days after infection while virus yield becomes maximum on day 4. Superoxides 7-17 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 126-142 8055654-1 1994 Treatment of NIH3T3 cells with the tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) results within 30 min in a 1.8-fold elevation of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, an enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 233-243 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 137-153 8837043-1 1996 Based on the inhibition of nitrite formation by generating superoxide from xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) reaction system, metallothionein (MT) and other sulfhydryl containing amino acids have been selected to test their abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals. Superoxides 59-69 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 84-100 8857670-4 1996 Xanthine oxidase (XO) was used to generate O2.1 and cytotoxicity assessed by measuring cell survival. Superoxides 43-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 7820952-7 1995 Pretreatment of tumor cells with H2O2 or hypoxanthanine and xanthine oxidase (to generate superoxide radical and H2O2) prior to intravenous injection, enhanced experimental lung tumor colony formation. Superoxides 90-108 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 60-76 8967506-8 1996 These results suggest that xanthine oxidase-mediated superoxide anion-dependent activation of NF-kappa B occurs in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 53-69 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 27-43 8535399-6 1995 This was theorized by the fact that the induction was also observed in B-16 cells treated with superoxide anion radicals chemically generated in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase-reaction system, instead of UV-A irradiation. Superoxides 95-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 7929839-11 1994 Finally, generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase activated NF-kB, an effect also mitigated by PDTC. Superoxides 23-39 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 43-59 21573453-2 1993 To determine if proliferin gene expression is influenced by reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals were generated in culture by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase couple. Superoxides 85-95 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 147-163 7975732-8 1994 Scutellarein and nepetin were found to be inhibitors of xanthine oxidase activity, whereas morelloflavone acted as a scavenger of superoxide generated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 130-140 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 167-183 8032542-7 1994 Treatment with IL-2 also caused induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in tissues and serum and induced bacterial translocation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Superoxides 49-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 78-94 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 43-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 43-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 61-63 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 61-63 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 1664322-4 1991 Production of superoxide via mitochondrial, NADPH-oxidase and xanthine/xanthine oxidase systems has been investigated. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 8133151-2 1994 LPS treatment (600 micrograms/mouse, IP) was associated with a marked induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in serum and lung. Superoxides 87-97 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 116-132 1665746-15 1991 However, 100 microM hydroquinone, like SOD (50 u ml-1), produced almost complete inhibition of superoxide anion chemiluminescence induced by xanthine (500 microM): xanthine oxidase (0.07 u ml-1). Superoxides 95-111 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 164-180 1664322-5 1991 The evidence suggests that superoxide, and thereby H2O2, is produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, but an involvement of the other superoxide generating systems has not been excluded. Superoxides 27-37 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 85-101 2507133-4 1989 In contrast to H2O2, superoxide generated extracellularly by xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellularly by menadione was inactive. Superoxides 21-31 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 70-86 2171534-3 1990 Allopurinol and SOD inhibited cytochrome c reduction in a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide generating system, whereas bepridil was ineffective. Superoxides 88-98 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 2380580-1 1990 The effects of a single exposure to UVB radiation on skin antioxidant enzymes and superoxide-generating xanthine oxidase were examined in Skh:HR-1 hairless mice. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 104-120 33805516-0 2021 Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Mediated Superoxide Production Is Not Involved in the Age-Related Pathologies in Sod1-Deficient Mice. Superoxides 33-43 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-23 34309015-6 2021 In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, we also show that restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction through targeting of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-driven H2 O2 and superoxide, and reduces cardiac fibrosis through NO-mediated block of SMAD-phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function. Superoxides 223-233 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 176-199 34309015-6 2021 In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, we also show that restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction through targeting of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-driven H2 O2 and superoxide, and reduces cardiac fibrosis through NO-mediated block of SMAD-phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function. Superoxides 223-233 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 201-204 2557043-9 1989 B103U was also more potent as an inhibitor of bovine xanthine oxidase-catalyzed generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 94-104 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 81-97 2507133-6 1989 Treatment of cells with superoxide, generated extracellularly by xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellularly by menadione, diminished the [3H]phorbol dibutyrate-binding capacity of the cytosol fractions prepared at low Ca2+ concentration. Superoxides 24-34 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 2450644-4 1988 (b) Interferon induces xanthine oxidase; superoxide generated by interferon-induced xanthine oxidase destroys cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 41-51 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 23-39 3411191-5 1988 Direct oxidant-mediated cytotoxicity induced by either H2O2 or the superoxide anion radical (as generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase) also resulted in more significant injury to hypocatalasemic RBCs than to normocatalasemic RBCs (p less than 0.05, both comparisons). Superoxides 67-91 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 118-134 2845222-7 1988 The relevance of oxidant production to the tumor promotion process is suggested by the ability of exogenous xanthine/xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system, to induce ornithine decarboxylase, a characteristic of TPA-treated cells. Superoxides 137-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 117-133 20702295-0 1989 The antioxidant effects of copper sulphate on the actions of a phorbol ester and a xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide-anion generating system in murine epidermal cells. Superoxides 109-125 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-108 20702295-4 1989 The superoxide generating system xanthine-xanthine oxidase was shown to induce ornithine decarboxylase by two- to threefold; such induction was partially inhibited by CuSO(4). Superoxides 4-14 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 42-58 2450644-4 1988 (b) Interferon induces xanthine oxidase; superoxide generated by interferon-induced xanthine oxidase destroys cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 41-51 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 84-100 3338107-4 1988 In order to mimick AO released by phagocytes we used xanthine/xanthine oxidase as a source of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 108-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 62-78 2990646-4 1985 The cell lysis by the superoxide-generating xanthine oxidase system was not significantly increased by SOD, but was significantly decreased by nitroblue tetrazolium and completely abolished by catalase. Superoxides 22-32 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 44-60 30312761-1 2018 Generation of superoxide by xanthine oxidase can be stimulated under ischemic and aberrant calcium homeostasis. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 28-44 6093764-4 1984 It was proposed that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, would decrease the rate of superoxide formation thus delaying the onset of oxygen-induced seizures. Superoxides 91-101 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 36-52 6321074-2 1984 It has recently been proposed that an important source of superoxide anion during the respiratory burst that stimulates murine macrophages is the sequential metabolism of adenosine via adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase to uric acid. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 209-225 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 4-20 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 34-57 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 59-62 3997560-4 1985 Xanthine oxidase, a key enzyme of this pathway, produces superoxide during its reaction with its substrates. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 30300960-5 2018 A time-dependent study shows that HemiSe can detect superoxide within 13 min with high sensitivity, high selectivity, over a wide pH range, and through confirmation with a xanthine/xanthine oxidase biochemical assay (lambdaem =439 nm). Superoxides 52-62 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 181-197 28688986-6 2017 Several ideal compounds were manufactured and utilized that showed complete disproportionation of superoxide produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Superoxides 98-108 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 134-150