PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 23875749-9 2014 INNOVATION: Present study highlights previously undefined role of Rac2-iNOS interaction, in translocation of iNOS to phagosomal compartment and consequent NO, superoxide radicals, ROS/RNS generation, BSA nitration and microbial killing. Superoxides 159-169 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 31071452-6 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2 [N92 T] displayed characteristics of active GTP-bound RAC2 including enhanced NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production both at rest and in response to PMA. Superoxides 133-143 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 30723080-1 2019 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. Superoxides 149-159 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-42 30723080-1 2019 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. Superoxides 149-159 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 30723080-3 2019 Neutrophils from RAC2[E62K] patients exhibited excessive superoxide production, impaired fMLF-directed chemotaxis, and abnormal macropinocytosis. Superoxides 57-67 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 30723080-4 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2[E62K] displayed characteristics of active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAC2 including enhanced superoxide production and increased membrane ruffling. Superoxides 134-144 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 30723080-4 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2[E62K] displayed characteristics of active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAC2 including enhanced superoxide production and increased membrane ruffling. Superoxides 134-144 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 110-114 21576984-7 2011 Rac2-deficient eosinophils showed significantly less superoxide release (p < 0.05, 26% less than wild type). Superoxides 53-63 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 21576984-9 2011 CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that Rac2 is an important regulator of eosinophil function by contributing to superoxide production, granule protein release, and eosinophil shape change. Superoxides 116-126 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 19625648-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, members of the small Rho GTPase family, play essential roles in coordinating directional migration and superoxide production during neutrophil responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 118-128 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 204-208 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 207-211 18347018-3 2008 A direct regulatory interaction of Rac with Nox2 has been proposed as part of a two-step mechanism for regulating electron transfer during superoxide formation. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 16115878-1 2005 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558), the cytosol factors p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac2, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following neutrophil activation. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 176-180 12471136-0 2002 Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 16081809-1 2005 Rac1 and Rac2 are capable of stimulating superoxide production in vitro, but their targeting and functional mechanisms are still unknown. Superoxides 41-51 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 15170212-0 2004 Localization of Rac2 via the C terminus and aspartic acid 150 specifies superoxide generation, actin polarity and chemotaxis in neutrophils. Superoxides 72-82 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 15170212-4 2004 Thus, we have defined specific sequences in Rac that specify subcellular localization and determine the specificity of Rac2 in neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. Superoxides 153-163 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 147-151 15847608-7 2005 Whereas the early increase in superoxide release is probably the result of the already described Nef-dependent activation of PAK-2 (p21-activated kinase 2)-Rac2, we were interested in investigating the mechanisms underlying the late inhibition of superoxide release observed originally. Superoxides 30-40 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 156-160 12352324-2 2002 This study looked for the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors on NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in THP-1 cells, a monocyte-derived cell line, and on the translocation of p21 Rac 2 and p67. Superoxides 132-148 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 234-243 12468931-4 2002 Rac2-deficient mice and a human patient with a D57N Rac2 mutant share a phenotype of leukocytosis with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production in response to some, but not all, agonists. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 52-56 12411394-8 2002 Superoxide and MCP-1 production were enhanced by RacV12 (constitutively active) in the absence of ND, and were inhibited by RacN17 (dominant-negative) adenoviral transduction under ND, suggesting that the small G-protein Rac1 is required. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 205-220 9255350-10 1997 These results indicate that activated Rac, and particularly Rac2, can regulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells through direct interaction with p67phox subunit. Superoxides 79-89 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 11445809-3 2001 A novel, multifaceted leukocyte disorder-distinguished by defects in shape change, chemotaxis, ingestion, degranulation, superoxide anion production, and bactericidal activity-was established secondary to a defect in Rac2. Superoxides 121-137 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 217-221 10758162-8 2000 Rac2(D57N) binds GDP but not GTP and inhibits oxidase activation and O(2)(-) production in vitro. Superoxides 69-76 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 10540223-0 1999 Expression and translocation of Rac2 in eosinophils during superoxide generation. Superoxides 59-69 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 239-243 9624165-2 1998 Rac1 and Rac2 are specifically required for superoxide formation by components of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 8961931-4 1996 In contrast, low concentrations of isoprenylated Rac1 and Rac2 both supported high rates of superoxide generation. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 58-62 7616102-1 1995 Cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2) translocate to the plasma membrane on cell activation where they interact with a membrane-bound cytochrome b to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 202-218 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 248-252 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 8141770-3 1994 Activation of superoxide production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in whole cells, and by SDS in the cell-free assay, led to the dissociation of some of the p21rac2 from rhoGDI and its movement to the plasma membrane together with p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 201-208 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 174-181 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 8387355-6 1993 Processed Rac1 and Rac2 were both highly active in this system and supported comparable rates of superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 124-128 1328203-2 1992 According to recent studies performed in cell-free systems, Rac1 and Rac2 proteins may be involved in the activation of NADPH-oxidase, the superoxide-generating enzymatic complex active in phagocytes. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 1328203-3 1992 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes, which express rac1 and rac2 genes, also efficiently release superoxide anions when triggered by various cell surface stimuli. Superoxides 112-129 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 35331893-3 2022 This RAC2 deficiency is characterized by severe phagocyte defects including defective superoxide formation, adhesion and chemotaxis deficiency. Superoxides 86-96 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 5-9