PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 18660830-3 2008 The role of Rac(1) in superoxide generation was assessed by overexpressing either the dominant-negative or constitutively active Rac isoforms. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-18 18660830-3 2008 The role of Rac(1) in superoxide generation was assessed by overexpressing either the dominant-negative or constitutively active Rac isoforms. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 18660830-7 2008 Overexpression of dominant-negative Rac(1) or addition of iloprost, DETA-NONOate or Y27632 completely blocked both superoxide release and PDE5 protein expression and activity. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 18759927-4 2008 Bam32 and superoxide may fine tune BCR-induced activation by competing for the same limited resources, namely Rac1 and the plasma membrane phospholipid PI(3,4)P(2). Superoxides 10-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 18658277-3 2008 While RhoA inhibition attenuates actin stress fiber formation and promotes EC barrier function, Rac1 inhibition at the cell membrane potentially prevents activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent generation of superoxides known to induce barrier disruption. Superoxides 211-222 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-8 2008 The activated forms of Rac1 and NOXA1 are essentially involved in Nox1 activation and their interactions might be responsible for regulating the O(2)(-)-producing activity in Caco-2 cells. Superoxides 145-150 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 18678787-6 2008 Therefore, it can be concluded that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, in combination with the translocation of p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, contributes to the superoxide production induced by high glucose, resulting in the impairment of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel function in the human visceral artery. Superoxides 190-200 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 164-169 18424721-4 2008 Our results show that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 1 muM As(2)O(3) for 72 h. Concomitantly, As(2)O(3) induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) and it also increased translocation of Rac1 and p67(phox). Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 327-331 18160398-8 2008 Collectively, our findings define a VAV1-Rac1-PAK1 signaling axis in mononuclear phagocytes regulating superoxide production in a stimulus-dependent manner. Superoxides 103-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 17854274-0 2007 MKK6 phosphorylation regulates production of superoxide by enhancing Rac GTPase activity. Superoxides 45-55 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 17548354-0 2007 Tripartite chimeras comprising functional domains derived from the cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1 elicit activator-independent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes: an essential role for anionic membrane phospholipids. Superoxides 158-168 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 17583407-7 2007 When these oxidases use Noxo1 as an organizer instead of p47(phox), they produce a small but significant amount of superoxide without expression of Rac1(Q61L), although the production is enhanced by Rac1(Q61L). Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 17583407-10 2007 We also demonstrate that, in the Nox3-based oxidase containing solely p67(phox) as supportive protein, expression of Rac1(Q61L) enhances not only superoxide production but also membrane translocation of p67(phox). Superoxides 146-156 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 17101842-0 2007 Mycophenolate acid inhibits endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide formation by a Rac1-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 69-79 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 16670255-2 2006 In this study, we used genetic tools to test the hypothesis that increased formation of superoxide (O2-*) radicals from a Rac1-regulated Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a key upstream mediator of ANG II-induced activation of serine-threonine kinase Akt, and that this signaling cascade plays a crucial role in ANG II-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 88-100 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 17128987-1 2006 We have previously shown that redox agents including superoxide anion radical and nitrogen dioxide can react with GXXXXGK(S/T)C motif-containing GTPases (i.e., Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA) to stimulate guanine nucleotide release. Superoxides 53-77 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 231-235 16354686-6 2006 Small interfering RNAs to either MyD88 or Rac1 inhibited IL-1beta induction of endosomal superoxide and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 89-99 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 15504745-8 2005 A chimeric Rac1 protein in which the Rac1 C-terminal polybasic domain, which contains six lysines or arginines, was replaced with that of the human Rac2 polybasic domain containing only three basic residues, also reconstituted superoxide production and chemotaxis, whereas expression of a Rac2 derivative in which the polybasic domain was replaced with that of Rac1 did not and resulted in disoriented cell motility. Superoxides 227-237 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 16081809-1 2005 Rac1 and Rac2 are capable of stimulating superoxide production in vitro, but their targeting and functional mechanisms are still unknown. Superoxides 41-51 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15941833-8 2005 Rapid and transient activation of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases was responsible for the initial burst production of O2* (Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 but not an N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-attenuated ESR O2*- signal at 30 min) in response to angiotensin II, preceding a second peak in O2*- production at 24 h that predominantly depended on uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 115-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 15941833-8 2005 Rapid and transient activation of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases was responsible for the initial burst production of O2* (Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 but not an N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-attenuated ESR O2*- signal at 30 min) in response to angiotensin II, preceding a second peak in O2*- production at 24 h that predominantly depended on uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 203-205 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 15569826-9 2005 Transfection of a dominant-negative (RacN17) and constitutively active Rac1 mutant (RacV12) indicated that ANP-induced superoxide generation and MKP-1 expression are mediated via Rac1 activation. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 15569826-9 2005 Transfection of a dominant-negative (RacN17) and constitutively active Rac1 mutant (RacV12) indicated that ANP-induced superoxide generation and MKP-1 expression are mediated via Rac1 activation. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 15170212-4 2004 Thus, we have defined specific sequences in Rac that specify subcellular localization and determine the specificity of Rac2 in neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. Superoxides 153-163 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 12894215-4 2003 Interestingly, decreasing intracellular superoxide concentration with an inhibitor of the beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or by transient transfection with a dominant-negative form of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Rac1 resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of CEM/Bcl-2 cells to CD95- or merocil-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 40-50 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 252-256 12606638-2 2003 Small GTP-binding protein Rac1 is activated by various proinflammatory substances and regulates superoxide generation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 96-106 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 12471136-7 2002 HL-60 cells transfected to express myc-tagged rac1 and gp91(phox) from the CMV immediate early promoter maintained the ability to generate O(2)(-) 120 h postinfection. Superoxides 139-143 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 12411394-8 2002 Superoxide and MCP-1 production were enhanced by RacV12 (constitutively active) in the absence of ND, and were inhibited by RacN17 (dominant-negative) adenoviral transduction under ND, suggesting that the small G-protein Rac1 is required. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 11896053-0 2002 Rac activation induces NADPH oxidase activity in transgenic COSphox cells, and the level of superoxide production is exchange factor-dependent. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11225730-0 1999 The actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by Rac1 requires the production of superoxide. Superoxides 81-91 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 11896062-0 2002 A prenylated p67phox-Rac1 chimera elicits NADPH-dependent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes in the absence of an activator and of p47phox: conversion of a pagan NADPH oxidase to monotheism. Superoxides 58-68 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 11585836-1 2001 Rac1 has been shown to activate a NADPH oxidase complex producing superoxide anions in a variety of mammalian cell types. Superoxides 66-83 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 11007780-4 2000 We now show that post-translationally processed (prenylated) Rac1 initiates NADPH oxidase assembly, expressed in O(2) production, in a cell-free system containing phagocyte membrane vesicles and p67(phox), in the absence of an activating amphiphile and of p47(phox). Superoxides 113-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11007780-8 2000 Binding of prenylated Rac1 to membrane vesicles is accompanied by the recruitment of p67(phox) to the same location and the formation of an assembled NADPH oxidase complex, producing O(2) upon the addition of NADPH. Superoxides 183-187 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 10860831-6 2000 Here, we show that like human Rac1, activated Zea mays Rac genes can induce superoxide production, when expressed in a mammalian system: NIH 3T3 cells. Superoxides 76-86 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 10747906-2 2000 NADPH stimulated the production of superoxide anion and H(2)O(2) in human aortic endothelial cells that was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and was significantly attenuated in cells transiently expressing a dominant negative allele of the small GTP-binding protein Rac1, which is required for oxidase activity. Superoxides 35-51 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 294-298 11225730-9 1999 Our data support the hypothesis that superoxide is one of the important mediators acting downstream of rac1 on the pathway of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial cells. Superoxides 37-47 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 9660749-0 1998 A Rac1 effector site controlling mitogenesis through superoxide production. Superoxides 53-63 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 2-6 9660749-5 1998 Treatment of cells with agents that abolish superoxide generation inhibits specifically the mitogenic effect of Rac1. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 9660749-6 1998 Our results identify an effector site in Rac1 that is necessary for mitogenic signaling and implicate superoxide generation as a candidate effector pathway of Rac1-dependent cell growth. Superoxides 102-112 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 9660749-6 1998 Our results identify an effector site in Rac1 that is necessary for mitogenic signaling and implicate superoxide generation as a candidate effector pathway of Rac1-dependent cell growth. Superoxides 102-112 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 9624128-1 1998 The superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists, in resting cells, of a membrane-associated electron transporting flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559) and four cytosolic proteins as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac(1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 258-268 9228059-4 1997 Mutually facilitated binding (EC50) of Rac1 and p67(phox) within the NADPH oxidase complex was demonstrated using steady state kinetic methods measuring NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 169-179 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9585526-1 1998 The small molecular weight GTP-binding protein Rac (1 or 2) is an obligatory participant in the activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 114-124 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 47-58 9624165-2 1998 Rac1 and Rac2 are specifically required for superoxide formation by components of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8939991-9 1996 p47(phox) appears to facilitate or stabilize the interaction of p67(phox) and, possibly, Rac1 with cytochrome b559, and is required for optimal generation of O-2 under physiological conditions. Superoxides 158-161 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 9131041-1 1997 The superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is composed of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b-559) and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox, and the small GTPase rac-1 (or 2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 206-217 8961931-4 1996 In contrast, low concentrations of isoprenylated Rac1 and Rac2 both supported high rates of superoxide generation. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 8961931-6 1996 Mutation of single positively charged residues in the C terminus of nonisoprenylated Rac1 markedly reduced its ability to support superoxide generation, affecting both its EC50 and the Vmax. Superoxides 130-140 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 243-247 8961931-1 1996 NADPH-dependent superoxide generation can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic factors (p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac) plus flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 16-26 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 7493930-2 1995 Activation of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes involves the assembly of a multimolecular complex and is dependent on the participation of the small molecular weight GTP-binding protein Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 18-28 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 206-217 7961867-2 1994 The small GTP-binding protein (G protein) Rac1 is an obligatory participant in the assembly of the superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 99-109 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 7961867-2 1994 The small GTP-binding protein (G protein) Rac1 is an obligatory participant in the assembly of the superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 111-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 80-90 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 8504089-7 1993 Recombinant rac augmented superoxide production, while recombinant CDC42Hs, which shares 70% amino acid sequence identity with rac, did not. Superoxides 26-36 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 8387355-6 1993 Processed Rac1 and Rac2 were both highly active in this system and supported comparable rates of superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 1328203-2 1992 According to recent studies performed in cell-free systems, Rac1 and Rac2 proteins may be involved in the activation of NADPH-oxidase, the superoxide-generating enzymatic complex active in phagocytes. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 1328203-3 1992 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes, which express rac1 and rac2 genes, also efficiently release superoxide anions when triggered by various cell surface stimuli. Superoxides 112-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 275-281 8141770-6 1994 Although the rac/GDI complex could activate the NADPH oxidase in the absence of exogenous GTP, the rate of superoxide production was increased 3-fold by the addition of GTP and was almost completely inhibited by GDP. Superoxides 107-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 163-170 8223583-11 1993 Monomeric rac1 p21, obtained by these procedures, was able to stimulate cell-free O2- generation. Superoxides 82-84 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 92-94 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 92-94 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 27638049-4 2016 Following ATO treatment, ATF4 activates NADPH oxidase by promoting assembly of the enzyme components Rac-1/P47phox/P67phox, which generates ROS/superoxides. Superoxides 144-155 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 29321004-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Small GTP binding protein Rac1 is a component of NADPH oxidases and is essential for superoxide-induced cell death. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 27437916-0 2016 17-beta-estradiol Decreases Neutrophil Superoxide Production through Rac1. Superoxides 39-49 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 27437916-7 2016 The newly identified pathway involved largely second messengers from previously described non-genomic estrogen effects and affected superoxide production via Rac1 - an important regulator of free radical production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 132-142 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 32-34 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 129-131 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 24358134-0 2013 Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. Superoxides 64-80 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 25056956-6 2014 However, even when constitutively active forms of p47(phox) and Rac1 are both expressed in HeLa cells, superoxide production by Nox2 is scarcely induced in the absence of AA. Superoxides 103-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 25874999-0 2015 Correction: Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. Superoxides 76-92 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 24358134-3 2013 Here, we showed that Ras/Rac1/ERK signaling pathway is activated in melanocytes submitted to anchorage impediment, regulating superoxide levels, global DNA methylation, and Dnmt1 expression. Superoxides 126-136 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 24358134-4 2013 Interestingly, Ras and Rac1 activation is not related to codon mutations, but instead regulated by superoxide. Superoxides 99-109 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 21037555-2 2011 K-ras activates Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase, a key source of superoxide. Superoxides 62-72 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 23792701-6 2013 Rac1 belongs to the Rho GTPases of the Ras protein superfamily involved in the regulation of multiple cell functions, including cell proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 193-203 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 23559002-7 2013 We also show that the unprenylated RhoA- and Rac1-GTP retained at least part of their functional activities, as evidenced by the increase in intracellular superoxide production and JNK activation in response to simvastatin. Superoxides 155-165 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 22965909-3 2012 Here, we report that Crb restricts Rac1-NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in epithelia and photoreceptor cells. Superoxides 64-74 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 22192670-9 2012 Both myocardial O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) are reduced by pre-operative statin treatment, through a Rac1-mediated suppression of NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 16-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 22098189-12 2012 CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are equipped with the Nox1/Rac1 superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 90-100 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 22144277-1 2012 Rac, a member of the Rho family small GTPases, plays a crucial role in activation of Nox family NADPH oxidases in animals, enzymes dedicated to production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22144277-3 2012 Rac in the GTP-bound form directly binds to the oxidase activator p67( phox ), which in turn interacts with Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 159-169 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22144277-5 2012 On the other hand, in the presence of either p67( phox ) or Noxa1, Rac facilitates superoxide production by Nox3, which is responsible in the inner ear for formation of otoconia, tiny mineralized structures that are required for sensing balance and gravity. Superoxides 117-127 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 21474673-1 2011 The small GTPase Rac1 is involved in the activation of the reduced NAD phosphate oxidase complex resulting in superoxide production. Superoxides 110-120 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 21474673-3 2011 We report here that silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 block Bcl-2-mediated increase in intracellular superoxide levels in tumor cells. Superoxides 111-121 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 21474673-6 2011 That this interaction is functionally relevant is supported by the ability of the Bcl-2 BH3 peptide as well as the silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 to inhibit intracellular superoxide production as well as overcome Bcl-2-mediated drug resistance in human leukemia cells and cervical cancer cells. Superoxides 184-194 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 21037555-11 2011 These results suggest that activation of Rac1-dependent superoxide generation leads to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Superoxides 56-66 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 191-194 20844008-0 2010 Rac1-dependent intracellular superoxide formation mediates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced placental angiogenesis in vitro. Superoxides 29-39 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20844008-6 2010 In oFAPEC transfected with specific Rac1 small interfering RNA (siRNA, 40 nm), VEGF-induced intracellular superoxide formation was completely abrogated in association with a 78% reduction of endogenous Rac1. Superoxides 106-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 230-233 19923407-0 2010 Rac1 mediates NaCl-induced superoxide generation in the thick ascending limb. Superoxides 27-37 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19923407-5 2010 We hypothesized that increasing luminal NaCl within the physiological range activates Rac1 and NADPH oxidase and, thereby, increases O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 133-137 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 19923407-13 2010 Similarly, in vivo treatment of TALs with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Rac1 decreased NaCl-induced O(2)(-) generation by 60% compared with control (0.33 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.17 nmol O(2)(-) x min(-1) x mg protein(-1), n = 6, P < 0.05). Superoxides 110-114 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 19625648-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, members of the small Rho GTPase family, play essential roles in coordinating directional migration and superoxide production during neutrophil responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 118-128 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19497305-2 2009 Rac1-GTPase is an essential component of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidase complex. Superoxides 45-55 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19497305-9 2009 In summary, the data show that down-regulation of Rac1-GTPase contributes to the inhibition of angiotensin II-mediated superoxide release by 17beta-estradiol in monocytes. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54