PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 11473118-8 2001 INS-1E cells overexpressing GAD exhibited impaired insulin secretion on stimulation with 15 mm glucose (-37%). Glucose 95-102 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 28-31 8615836-5 1996 In glucose-deprived conditions the specific activity of glutamine synthetase decreased. Glucose 3-10 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 56-76 10493186-10 1999 Liver glutamine synthetase activity was lower in the -Zn-glucose group and in the fructose groups than in the glucose control group. Glucose 57-64 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 6-26 8615836-9 1996 On addition of glucose, a total recovery of glutamine synthetase was obtained after 36 h in 8-day-old culture. Glucose 15-22 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 44-64 8615836-11 1996 When compared with an incubation in the presence of glucose, glucose deprivation increased enzyme turnover, as estimated from the first-order disappearance of radioactivity from glutamine synthetase. Glucose 52-59 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 178-198 2062900-7 1991 The increase in VMN GAD activity after glucoprivation may be involved in the regulation of blood glucose by influencing food intake. Glucose 97-104 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 20-23 7926271-2 1994 Using immunoprecipitations and analyses of enzyme activity, an increase in glutamate decarboxylase was detected in rat islets cultured at a glucose concentration of 11 mmol/l compared with those cultured at 5.6 mmol/l glucose. Glucose 140-147 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 75-98 7926271-2 1994 Using immunoprecipitations and analyses of enzyme activity, an increase in glutamate decarboxylase was detected in rat islets cultured at a glucose concentration of 11 mmol/l compared with those cultured at 5.6 mmol/l glucose. Glucose 218-225 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 75-98 7926271-4 1994 Comparative quantitation in a phosphor imager revealed a significantly higher (82%, P < 0.005) content of glutamate decarboxylase mRNA in islets cultured at 11 mmol/l glucose. Glucose 170-177 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 109-132 7926271-6 1994 Islets cultured at 11 mmol/l glucose in the presence of 40 U/ml of interleukin-1 beta, showed a 63% decrease (P < 0.005) in enzyme activity compared with those cultured at 11 mmol/l glucose alone, and similar decreases were noted on analysis of glutamate decarboxylase biosynthesis and mRNA. Glucose 29-36 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 248-271 29409329-8 2018 RESULTS: The expression of microRNA 29a/b and glutamine synthetase decreased in both diabetes mellitus rats and rat retinal Muller cells stimulated with high glucose, whereas the expression of sonic hedgehog, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as the content of glutamate, increased. Glucose 158-165 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 46-66 1968957-2 1990 The basal rate of synaptosomal GABA synthesis in glucose-containing medium (25.9 nmol/h/mg of protein) was only 3% of the maximal activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; 804 +/- 83 nmol/h/mg of protein), a result indicating that synaptosomal GAD operates at only a small fraction of its catalytic capacity. Glucose 49-56 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 244-247 2180326-0 1990 Influence of serum glucose on glutamate decarboxylase activity in the ventromedial nucleus of rats. Glucose 19-26 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 30-53 2180326-4 1990 The increase in VMN GAD activity was linear between 5 and 30 min after insulin injection and coincided with the decline in serum glucose. Glucose 129-136 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 20-23 2180326-5 1990 Pretreatment with a gastric preload of a 50% glucose solution attenuated the decline in serum glucose, the increase in food intake, and the increase in GAD activity. Glucose 45-52 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 152-155 2180326-9 1990 The results of these trials suggest that the increase in VMN GAD activity is associated with the decrease in serum glucose and may be involved in the increased feeding associated with insulin administration. Glucose 115-122 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 61-64 2735448-3 1989 Rates for glucose flux through the GABA shunt and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis, were measured in ventro-medial nucleus (VMN) and lateral hypothalamic (LHA) homogenates. Glucose 10-17 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 75-78 23769890-4 2013 In order to determine the participation of glutamine synthetase when glucose was added to the incubation medium, we incubated rat brain slices with 5mM [3-(13)C]glutamine plus 5mM unlabeled glucose without and with 2mM methionine sulfoximine (MSO). Glucose 69-76 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 43-63 23769890-6 2013 This work also demonstrates that glucose increased fluxes through hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, flux from alpha-ketoglutarate to glutamate and flux through glutamine synthetase whereas it inhibited fluxes through aspartate aminotransferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA aminotransferase. Glucose 33-40 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 268-288 18001575-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on the glutamine synthetase (GS) in retinal Muller cell under high glucose conditions and its possible mechanism. Glucose 147-154 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 87-107 23299475-10 2013 Muller cells exposed to high-glucose medium produced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutamine synthetase but reduced levels of glutathione, glutamate transporter, and glutamate receptor. Glucose 29-36 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 104-124 20352441-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS: PEDF increases expression of GS against the effect of IL-1beta in retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions. Glucose 111-118 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 42-44 20352441-0 2010 Pigment epithelium derived factor as an anti-inflammatory factor against decrease of glutamine synthetase expression in retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions. Glucose 152-159 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 85-105 20352441-3 2010 The present study was performed to investigate the role of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) on the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in rat retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions, and to study the possible mechanism for PEDF against decrease of GS expression in retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions. Glucose 186-193 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 121-141 20352441-3 2010 The present study was performed to investigate the role of pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF) on the expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in rat retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions, and to study the possible mechanism for PEDF against decrease of GS expression in retinal Muller cells under high glucose conditions. Glucose 320-327 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 143-145 17934249-2 2008 Since Fos immunolabeling of the SPO of rats treated by caudal fourth ventricular (CV4) administration of the glucose antimetabolite, 5-thioglucose (5TG), parallels the distribution of GABA neuronal perikarya, the current studies investigated the genomic responsiveness of neuroanatomically-defined populations of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in this region of the brain to hindbrain glucoprivation. Glucose 109-116 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 313-336 17934249-2 2008 Since Fos immunolabeling of the SPO of rats treated by caudal fourth ventricular (CV4) administration of the glucose antimetabolite, 5-thioglucose (5TG), parallels the distribution of GABA neuronal perikarya, the current studies investigated the genomic responsiveness of neuroanatomically-defined populations of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive (-ir) neurons in this region of the brain to hindbrain glucoprivation. Glucose 109-116 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 338-341 17499397-0 2007 Does concomitant glucose and glutamine supplementation change the response of glutamine synthetase to fasting in healthy adult rats? Glucose 17-24 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 78-98 18001575-5 2007 RESULTS: Under high glucose condition, increase in the expression of c-Jun and IL-1 beta and decrease in the expression of GS could be found by western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry (P < 0.05). Glucose 20-27 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 123-125 18001575-6 2007 After being treated by IL-1 beta, the expression of GS was down-regulated significantly and the expression of c-Jun was up-regulated significantly in a dose-dependent manner in these two groups, especially under high glucose condition. Glucose 217-224 glutamate-ammonia ligase Rattus norvegicus 52-54