PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 24598074-4 2014 The participation of Rac is expressed in the following sequence: (1) Translocation of the RacGDP-RhoGDI complex to the membrane; (2) Dissociation of RacGDP from RhoGDI; (3) GDP to GTP exchange on Rac, mediated by a guanine nucleotide exchange factor; (4) Binding of RacGTP to p67(phox); (5) Induction of a conformational change in p67(phox), promoting interaction with Nox2. Guanosine Diphosphate 93-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 29242061-7 2018 The site may bind not only Rac-GDP but also Rac-GTP released from the N-terminal catalytic region, which interrupts Rac-GTP translocation to the membrane where Nox1 resides. Guanosine Diphosphate 31-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 29242061-7 2018 The site may bind not only Rac-GDP but also Rac-GTP released from the N-terminal catalytic region, which interrupts Rac-GTP translocation to the membrane where Nox1 resides. Guanosine Diphosphate 31-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 29242061-7 2018 The site may bind not only Rac-GDP but also Rac-GTP released from the N-terminal catalytic region, which interrupts Rac-GTP translocation to the membrane where Nox1 resides. Guanosine Diphosphate 31-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 29743547-7 2018 We show that PAR2 stimulation promotes AKT phosphorylation which activates Rab5a by converting inactive Rab5a-GDP to active Rab5a-GTP. Guanosine Diphosphate 110-113 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 25056956-2 2014 Nox2 activation requires two switches to be turned on simultaneously: a conformational change of the cytosolic protein p47(phox) and GDP/GTP exchange on the small GTPase Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 133-136 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 25056956-5 2014 Here we show that AA elicits GDP-to-GTP exchange on Rac at the cellular level, consistent with its role as a potent Nox2 activator. Guanosine Diphosphate 29-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 22520755-3 2012 Although DOCK2 does not contain Dbl homology domain typically found in guanine nucleotide exchange factors, DOCK2 mediates the GTP-GDP exchange reaction for Rac through its DHR-2 domain. Guanosine Diphosphate 131-134 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 18505730-0 2008 Dissociation of Rac1(GDP).RhoGDI complexes by the cooperative action of anionic liposomes containing phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and GTP. Guanosine Diphosphate 21-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 23050005-2 2012 Although DOCK2 does not contain the Dbl homology domain typically found in guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), DOCK2 mediates the GTP-GDP exchange reaction for Rac via its DOCK homology region (DHR)-2 (also known as CZH2 or Docker) domain. Guanosine Diphosphate 142-145 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 21787760-5 2011 The CDC25 and REM domains provide the catalytic activity of SOS1 towards Ras and the histone fold DH/PH (Dbl homology and Pleckstrin homology) domains function, in tandem, to stimulate GTP/GDP exchange for Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 189-192 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 206-209 16597700-6 2006 Overexpression of the GEF Tiam1 unexpectedly decreased k(off) for wtRac, most likely by converting membrane-bound GDP-Rac back to GTP-Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 114-117 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 16998826-1 2006 The Rho GTPases-Rho, Rac and Cdc42-act as molecular switches, cycling between an active GTP-bound state and an inactive GDP-bound state, to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. Guanosine Diphosphate 120-123 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 18480413-2 2008 It is generally accepted that Rac activity is regulated by the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) cycle. Guanosine Diphosphate 92-113 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 18480413-2 2008 It is generally accepted that Rac activity is regulated by the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) cycle. Guanosine Diphosphate 115-118 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 16702219-2 2006 In resting phagocytes, Rac is found in the cytosol as a prenylated protein in the GDP-bound form, associated with the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI). Guanosine Diphosphate 82-85 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 16597700-6 2006 Overexpression of the GEF Tiam1 unexpectedly decreased k(off) for wtRac, most likely by converting membrane-bound GDP-Rac back to GTP-Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 114-117 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 15649357-5 2005 RESULTS: We show that the binding of activated Cdc42 to the Cool-2 dimer markedly enhances its ability to associate with GDP bound Rac1, resulting in a significant activation of Rac-GEF activity. Guanosine Diphosphate 121-124 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 16101281-3 2005 This interaction is thought to affect the localization of PAK, as well as increased GTP/GDP exchange of Rac and Cdc42. Guanosine Diphosphate 88-91 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 15850775-5 2005 We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP]. Guanosine Diphosphate 86-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 15850775-5 2005 We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP]. Guanosine Diphosphate 86-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 15850775-5 2005 We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP]. Guanosine Diphosphate 146-149 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 15850775-5 2005 We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP]. Guanosine Diphosphate 146-149 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 16190977-1 2005 Small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac/Cdc42 family combine their GDP/GTP cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide-exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, to a cytosol/membrane cycle, regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (rhoGDIs). Guanosine Diphosphate 69-72 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 16049005-2 2005 The activity of Rac is stimulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that promote GDP release and GTP binding. Guanosine Diphosphate 93-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 15649357-6 2005 While the Rac-specific GEF activity of Cool-2 is mediated through the Dbl homology (DH) domain from one monomer and the Pleckstrin homology domain from the other, activated Cdc42 interacts with the DH domain, most likely opposite the DH domain binding site for GDP bound Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 261-264 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 11950933-7 2002 We conclude that Rac is recruited to Fcgamma membrane receptors in its inactive, GDP-bound state and that Vav regulates phagocytosis through subsequent catalysis of GDP/GTP exchange on Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 81-84 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 12475976-6 2003 1) The Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor Trio markedly potentiates oxidase activation by prenylated Rac1-GDP. Guanosine Diphosphate 110-113 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 12432077-5 2002 Importantly, we have identified several novel homologues of DOCK180 that possess this domain and found that many of them directly bind to and exchange GDP for GTP both in vitro and in vivo on either Rac or another Rho-family member, Cdc42. Guanosine Diphosphate 151-154 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 199-202 12471028-0 2003 Dissociation of GDP dissociation inhibitor and membrane translocation are required for efficient activation of Rac by the Dbl homology-pleckstrin homology region of Tiam. Guanosine Diphosphate 16-19 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 12471028-4 2003 We show that both non-prenylated Rac-GDP and the soluble complex between prenylated Rac-GDP and GDI are poorly activated by the Dbl homology-pleckstrin homology (DH-PH) domain of the exchange factor Tiam1, whereas prenylated Rac-GDP bound to liposomes is activated about 10 times more rapidly. Guanosine Diphosphate 37-40 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 12471028-6 2003 Taken together, these experiments demonstrate that the dissociation of Rac-GDP from GDI and its translocation to membrane lipids favor DH-PH-catalyzed nucleotide exchange because the steric hindrance caused by GDI is relieved and because the membrane environment favors functional interaction between the DH-PH domain and the small G protein. Guanosine Diphosphate 75-78 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 12134164-1 2002 Rac is a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases and functions as a GDP/GTP-regulated switch. Guanosine Diphosphate 69-72 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11950933-7 2002 We conclude that Rac is recruited to Fcgamma membrane receptors in its inactive, GDP-bound state and that Vav regulates phagocytosis through subsequent catalysis of GDP/GTP exchange on Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 165-168 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 11950933-7 2002 We conclude that Rac is recruited to Fcgamma membrane receptors in its inactive, GDP-bound state and that Vav regulates phagocytosis through subsequent catalysis of GDP/GTP exchange on Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 165-168 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 185-188 9381982-6 1997 Rac in the GDP bound form can associate with the PtdIns-4-P 5-kinase and also interact with an exchange factor. Guanosine Diphosphate 11-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11607839-4 2001 To date, the best-known function of Vav proteins is their role as GDP/GTP exchange factors for Rho/Rac molecules, a function strictly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation. Guanosine Diphosphate 66-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 99-102 11513579-12 2001 These data suggest that Rho-GDI stabilizes Rac in an active conformation, even in the GDP-bound state, and presents it to its effector, the p67phox component of the NADPH oxidase. Guanosine Diphosphate 86-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 10360579-4 1999 The effector loop of Cdc42 and Rac (comprising residues 30-40, also called switch I), is one of two regions which change conformation on exchange of GDP for GTP. Guanosine Diphosphate 149-152 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 11779690-3 2002 To date, the best-known function of Vav proteins is their role as GDP/GTP exchange factors for Rho/Rac molecules. Guanosine Diphosphate 66-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 99-102 10975833-11 2000 Rac cycling between its GTP- and GDP-bound states is necessary for this signaling. Guanosine Diphosphate 33-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8253741-5 1993 These lipids were active at concentrations from 0.5-50 microM and were capable of disrupting complexation of (Rho)GDI with both GDP- and GTP-bound forms of Rac, although the latter were more sensitive to lipid. Guanosine Diphosphate 128-131 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 156-159 7947751-5 1994 Only the GTP gamma S-bound form associated, since the GDP-bound form of Rac neither activated alone nor competed with GTP gamma S-Rac. Guanosine Diphosphate 54-57 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 8089125-2 1994 These functions of Rac are determined by the GTP/GDP state of the protein, which can be modulated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Guanosine Diphosphate 49-52 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 8305740-2 1993 Rac proteins are active when in the GTP-bound form and can be regulated by a variety of proteins that modulate the exchange of GDP for GTP and/or GTP hydrolysis. Guanosine Diphosphate 127-130 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8282094-5 1993 In the resting neutrophil, Rac is localized to the cytosol in the form of a complex with a GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) protein. Guanosine Diphosphate 91-94 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 8491184-3 1993 In vitro, RhoGDI can form stable complexes with Rho and Rac proteins in both the GTP and GDP bound states. Guanosine Diphosphate 89-92 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 8419353-0 1993 GDP dissociation inhibitor prevents intrinsic and GTPase activating protein-stimulated GTP hydrolysis by the Rac GTP-binding protein. Guanosine Diphosphate 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 8419353-5 1993 (Rho)GDI produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GTP hydrolysis by Rac1 that paralleled its ability to inhibit GDP dissociation from the Rac protein. Guanosine Diphosphate 120-123 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 1938104-11 1991 Dissociation of the G25K- and rac.GDP complexes were enhanced slightly; approximately 1.3- and 1.8-fold over control, respectively. Guanosine Diphosphate 34-37 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 8352776-1 1993 Rho p21 and rac p21 small GTP-binding proteins are regulated by the same inhibitory and stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange proteins termed rho GDI and smg GDS, respectively. Guanosine Diphosphate 100-103 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 34213070-0 2021 GDP induces PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell death preferentially under nutrient starvation by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway. Guanosine Diphosphate 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 34213070-6 2021 Mechanistically, GDP inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR/autophagy survival signaling pathway, leading to selective PANC-1 cancer cell death under the nutrition starvation condition. Guanosine Diphosphate 17-20 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39