PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text		comp_official_name	comp_offsetprotein_name	organism	prot_offset
21390270-3	2011	For all the considered systems, the intrinsic flexibility of S(GDP) was higher than that of S(GTP), suggesting that Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) recognition and nucleotide switch require higher amplitude motions than effector recognition or GTP hydrolysis.	Guanosine Diphosphate	63-66	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	116-139	
21494904-1	2011	The guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) RalGPS1a activates small GTPase Ral proteins such as RalA and RalB by stimulating the exchange of Ral bound GDP to GTP, thus regulating various downstream cellular processes.	Guanosine Diphosphate	153-156	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	40-43	
21828055-8	2011	Our structural, cell biological, and biochemical findings identify loop>J as a key regulatory motif essential for ARF binding and GDP to GTP exchange by GEFs and provide evidence for the requirement of membrane association during GEF activity.	Guanosine Diphosphate	133-136	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	156-159	
21390270-3	2011	For all the considered systems, the intrinsic flexibility of S(GDP) was higher than that of S(GTP), suggesting that Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) recognition and nucleotide switch require higher amplitude motions than effector recognition or GTP hydrolysis.	Guanosine Diphosphate	63-66	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	141-144	
21390270-5	2011	Indeed, S(GDP) of Galpha(t), is characterized by a more extensive energy coupling between nucleotide binding site and distal regions involved in GEF recognition compared to small G proteins, which attenuates in the active state.	Guanosine Diphosphate	10-13	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	145-148	
19745154-5	2009	These studies identify an unusual mechanism of GDP release and define the complete GEF catalytic cycle from GDP dissociation followed by GTP binding and discharge of the activated GTPase.	Guanosine Diphosphate	47-50	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-86	
19942850-7	2010	In comparison with an eukaryotic GEF TRAPP I, this bacterial GEF/GDF exhibits high binding affinity for Rab1 with GDP retained at the active site, which appears as the key feature for the GDF activity of the protein.	Guanosine Diphosphate	114-117	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	33-36	
19942850-7	2010	In comparison with an eukaryotic GEF TRAPP I, this bacterial GEF/GDF exhibits high binding affinity for Rab1 with GDP retained at the active site, which appears as the key feature for the GDF activity of the protein.	Guanosine Diphosphate	114-117	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64	
19745154-5	2009	These studies identify an unusual mechanism of GDP release and define the complete GEF catalytic cycle from GDP dissociation followed by GTP binding and discharge of the activated GTPase.	Guanosine Diphosphate	108-111	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-86	
18562321-6	2008	Kinetic analysis demonstrated that reduced GDP affinity correlates with wild type growth and high translation activities of GEF-independent mutants.	Guanosine Diphosphate	43-46	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	124-127	
19356586-8	2009	The higher exchange activity of ITSN1L towards the GDP-bound conformation of Cdc42 could represent an evolutionary adaptation of this GEF that ensures nucleotide exchange towards the formation of the signalling-active GTP-bound form of Cdc42 and avoids dissociation of the active complex.	Guanosine Diphosphate	51-54	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	134-137	
16257999-3	2006	GEF-H1 is an MT-associated Rho-specific guanosine nucleotide (GDP/GTP) exchange factor, which in MT-unbound state stimulates Rho activity.	Guanosine Diphosphate	62-65	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-6	
18505730-10	2008	Dissociation of Rac1(GDP).RhoGDI complexes was correlated with the affinity of particular GEF constructs, via the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and involved GEF-mediated GDP to GTP exchange on Rac1.	Guanosine Diphosphate	21-24	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	90-93	
18505730-10	2008	Dissociation of Rac1(GDP).RhoGDI complexes was correlated with the affinity of particular GEF constructs, via the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and involved GEF-mediated GDP to GTP exchange on Rac1.	Guanosine Diphosphate	21-24	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	188-191	
18505730-10	2008	Dissociation of Rac1(GDP).RhoGDI complexes was correlated with the affinity of particular GEF constructs, via the N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, for PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) and involved GEF-mediated GDP to GTP exchange on Rac1.	Guanosine Diphosphate	201-204	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	90-93	
16248653-4	2005	In some GNBP families, the release of Mg(2+) was reported to play an important role in binding the guanine nucleotide-exchanging factor (GEF) promoting the GDP/GTP exchange reaction.	Guanosine Diphosphate	156-159	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	99-135	
16472645-7	2006	On the other hand, our structural and biochemical analysis of Rac1b has shown that, compared with Rac1, Rac1b has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP-exchange and an impaired GTP-hydrolysis, accounting for a self-activating GTPase.	Guanosine Diphosphate	145-148	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	129-132	
16248653-4	2005	In some GNBP families, the release of Mg(2+) was reported to play an important role in binding the guanine nucleotide-exchanging factor (GEF) promoting the GDP/GTP exchange reaction.	Guanosine Diphosphate	156-159	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	137-140	
14625275-3	2004	As a consequence, Rac1b has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins.	Guanosine Diphosphate	59-62	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	43-46	
15850775-2	2005	Here we report that TrioN, a Dbl family GEF, activates Rac1 by facilitating GTP binding to, as well as stimulating GDP dissociation from, Rac1.	Guanosine Diphosphate	115-118	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	40-43	
15850775-3	2005	The TrioN-catalyzed GDP dissociation is dependent upon the structural nature and the concentration of free nucleotide, and nucleotide binding serves as the rate-limiting step of the GEF reaction.	Guanosine Diphosphate	20-23	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	182-185	
15850775-4	2005	The TrioN-stimulated nucleotide exchange may undergo a novel two nucleotide-one G-protein intermediate involving two cryptic subsites on Rac1 induced by the GEF, with one subsite contributing to the recognition of the beta/gamma phosphates of the incoming GTP and another to the binding of the guanine base of the leaving GDP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	322-325	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	157-160	
15850775-5	2005	We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP].	Guanosine Diphosphate	86-89	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	24-27	
15850775-5	2005	We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP].	Guanosine Diphosphate	86-89	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-136	
15850775-5	2005	We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP].	Guanosine Diphosphate	146-149	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	24-27	
15850775-5	2005	We propose that the Rac GEF reaction may proceed by competitive displacement of bound GDP by GTP through a transient intermediate of GEF-[GTP-Rac-GDP].	Guanosine Diphosphate	146-149	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	133-136	
15709769-9	2005	These results strongly support a GEF reaction mechanism by which nucleotide exchange occurs on Ras through a direct GTP/GDP displacement model.	Guanosine Diphosphate	120-123	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	33-36	
15544329-2	2004	The current biochemical model postulates that the GEF-stimulated GDP/GTP exchange of Rho GTPases leads to the active Rho-GTP species, and subsequently the active Rho GTPases interact with and activate the effectors.	Guanosine Diphosphate	65-68	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-53	
15709769-4	2005	Herein we have examined in detail the catalyzed GDP/GTP exchange reaction mechanism by a Ras specific GEF, GRF1.	Guanosine Diphosphate	48-51	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-105	
15709769-6	2005	The release of the Ras-bound GDP was dependent upon the concentration and the structure of the incoming nucleotide, in particular, the hydrophobicity of the beta and gamma phosphate groups, suggesting that the GTP binding step is a prerequisite for GDP dissociation, is the rate-limiting step in the GEF reaction, or both.	Guanosine Diphosphate	29-32	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	300-303	
15709769-6	2005	The release of the Ras-bound GDP was dependent upon the concentration and the structure of the incoming nucleotide, in particular, the hydrophobicity of the beta and gamma phosphate groups, suggesting that the GTP binding step is a prerequisite for GDP dissociation, is the rate-limiting step in the GEF reaction, or both.	Guanosine Diphosphate	249-252	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	300-303	
14597635-4	2004	Based on the available structural information, we have identified the highly conserved amino acid pairing of Asn(1406)Trio-Asp(65)Rac1 of the GEF-Rho GTPase interaction as the critical catalytic machinery required for the Rac1 GDP/GTP exchange reaction.	Guanosine Diphosphate	227-230	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	142-145	
9857026-6	1998	Moreover, GEF-H1 binds to Rac and Rho proteins in both the GDP- and guanosine 5"-3-O-(thio)triphosphate-bound states without detectable affinity for Cdc42 or Ras.	Guanosine Diphosphate	59-62	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	10-16	
14654833-2	2003	Nucleotide dissociation from small G protein-GEF complexes involves transient GDP-bound intermediates whose structures have never been described.	Guanosine Diphosphate	78-81	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	45-48	
12680752-5	2003	The GEF sensors yield up to 1.7-fold changes in FRET upon exchange of GDP for GTP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	70-73	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-7	
10843989-6	2000	The GDP dissociation rates of the GTPases could be further stimulated by GEF upon removal of bound Mg(2+), indicating that the GEF-catalyzed nucleotide exchange involves a Mg(2+)-independent as well as a Mg(2+)-dependent mechanism.	Guanosine Diphosphate	4-7	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	73-76	
10843989-6	2000	The GDP dissociation rates of the GTPases could be further stimulated by GEF upon removal of bound Mg(2+), indicating that the GEF-catalyzed nucleotide exchange involves a Mg(2+)-independent as well as a Mg(2+)-dependent mechanism.	Guanosine Diphosphate	4-7	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-130	
1772451-3	1991	22, 523-533:1990) for the reactions catalysed by eIF-2B (GEF) in which free GDP exchanges with GDP bound to eIF-2 have been re-evaluated using the computational procedures developed by Chau et al.	Guanosine Diphosphate	76-79	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-60	
7581745-3	1994	The exchange of GDP bound to chain initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) for GTP by GEF is a rate limiting step in protein synthesis.	Guanosine Diphosphate	16-19	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-77	
7581745-6	1994	On the other hand, phosphorylation of the largest subunit of GEF (82-kD subunit) by casein kinase (CK) I or II stimulates GDP/GTP exchange.	Guanosine Diphosphate	122-125	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64	
9843686-4	1998	In this study, we show that mammalian p10/NTF2 dramatically inhibits the dissociation of [3H]GDP from Ran and the binding of [35S]GTPgammaS to Ran following the dissociation of non-radioactive GDP by RCC1, the only known mammalian guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ran (Ran-GEF) [7].	Guanosine Diphosphate	93-96	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	279-282	
9763446-6	1998	The Ypt1p-GEF stimulates GDP release and GTP uptake at least 10-fold and is specific for Ypt1p.	Guanosine Diphosphate	25-28	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	10-13	
9132016-4	1997	Recently, a novel mechanism of Ras activation has been proposed, whereby nitric oxide (NO) modification of Cys-118, like GEF interaction, populates Ras in its biologically active form by stimulating GDP release.	Guanosine Diphosphate	199-202	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	121-124	
8049218-12	1994	Rephosphorylation with CK-II restores GTP binding and increases 4-5-fold the activity of GEF in the exchange of eIF-2-bound GDP for free GTP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	124-127	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	89-92	
8049218-14	1994	The rate of GEF-catalyzed exchange of dephosphorylated eIF-2-bound GDP for GTP is approximately 2-fold slower than that with the isolated eIF-2.	Guanosine Diphosphate	67-70	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	12-15	
1772451-3	1991	22, 523-533:1990) for the reactions catalysed by eIF-2B (GEF) in which free GDP exchanges with GDP bound to eIF-2 have been re-evaluated using the computational procedures developed by Chau et al.	Guanosine Diphosphate	95-98	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-60	
2229078-15	1990	The rabbit reticulocyte guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to sea urchin eIF-2 for GTP and stimulates ternary complex formation.	Guanosine Diphosphate	91-94	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	60-63	
3947361-1	1986	A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), catalyzing the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF-2 for GTP, has been isolated from S3 HeLa cells as the eIF-2 X GEF complex and extensively purified by procedures originally developed for purification of GEF from rabbit reticulocytes.	Guanosine Diphosphate	71-74	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	38-41	
3947361-1	1986	A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), catalyzing the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF-2 for GTP, has been isolated from S3 HeLa cells as the eIF-2 X GEF complex and extensively purified by procedures originally developed for purification of GEF from rabbit reticulocytes.	Guanosine Diphosphate	71-74	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	169-172	
3947361-1	1986	A guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), catalyzing the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF-2 for GTP, has been isolated from S3 HeLa cells as the eIF-2 X GEF complex and extensively purified by procedures originally developed for purification of GEF from rabbit reticulocytes.	Guanosine Diphosphate	71-74	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	169-172	
30979377-2	2019	Such effects are partly due to the inactivation of the anti-migratory RhoB GTPase via the inhibitory phosphorylation of GEF-H1, the GDP/GTP exchange factor for RhoB.	Guanosine Diphosphate	132-135	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	120-126	
6320181-10	1984	Incubation of eIF-2 X GEF with excess [3H]GDP leads to the formation of eIF-2 X [3H] GDP and free GEF and, if eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GDP is also present, all of the GEF is converted to eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	85-88	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	22-25	
6320181-10	1984	Incubation of eIF-2 X GEF with excess [3H]GDP leads to the formation of eIF-2 X [3H] GDP and free GEF and, if eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GDP is also present, all of the GEF is converted to eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	85-88	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	22-25	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	74-77	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	68-71	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	74-77	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	74-77	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	74-77	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	74-77	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	68-71	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	68-71	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-11	1984	This suggests that, whereas the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2 X GEF + GDP in equilibrium eIF-2 X GDP + GEF favors the formation of free GEF, the equilibrium of the reaction eIF-2(alpha P) X GDP + GEF in equilibrium eIF-2(alpha P) X GEF + GDP is in favor of the association of GEF to eIF-2(alpha P).	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
6320181-6	1984	If, for example, the ratio of eIF-2 X GEF to total (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated) eIF-2 X [3H]GDP was 0.25, the exchange was found to be maximally inhibited when the proportion of eIF-2(alpha P) X [3H]GDP in hte mixture reached 25%.	Guanosine Diphosphate	101-104	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	38-41	
6320181-6	1984	If, for example, the ratio of eIF-2 X GEF to total (phosphorylated and unphosphorylated) eIF-2 X [3H]GDP was 0.25, the exchange was found to be maximally inhibited when the proportion of eIF-2(alpha P) X [3H]GDP in hte mixture reached 25%.	Guanosine Diphosphate	208-211	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	38-41	
6320181-10	1984	Incubation of eIF-2 X GEF with excess [3H]GDP leads to the formation of eIF-2 X [3H] GDP and free GEF and, if eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GDP is also present, all of the GEF is converted to eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	42-45	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	22-25	
6320181-10	1984	Incubation of eIF-2 X GEF with excess [3H]GDP leads to the formation of eIF-2 X [3H] GDP and free GEF and, if eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GDP is also present, all of the GEF is converted to eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	42-45	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	98-101	
6320181-10	1984	Incubation of eIF-2 X GEF with excess [3H]GDP leads to the formation of eIF-2 X [3H] GDP and free GEF and, if eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GDP is also present, all of the GEF is converted to eIF-2(alpha 32P) X GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	42-45	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	98-101	
30062412-1	2018	We describe a high-throughput screening (HTS)-compatible method for detecting GTPase exchange factor (GEF) activity based on stimulation of GDP formation by Rho GTPases.	Guanosine Diphosphate	140-143	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	78-100	
30062412-1	2018	We describe a high-throughput screening (HTS)-compatible method for detecting GTPase exchange factor (GEF) activity based on stimulation of GDP formation by Rho GTPases.	Guanosine Diphosphate	140-143	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	102-105	
30062412-2	2018	The method is based on the fact that GDP dissociation is the rate-limiting step in the Rho GTPase catalytic cycle, so by accelerating its release a GEF causes an increase in the steady-state rate of GDP formation.	Guanosine Diphosphate	37-40	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	148-151	
30062412-2	2018	The method is based on the fact that GDP dissociation is the rate-limiting step in the Rho GTPase catalytic cycle, so by accelerating its release a GEF causes an increase in the steady-state rate of GDP formation.	Guanosine Diphosphate	199-202	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	148-151	
29106825-10	2017	In conclusion, we report two recurrent dominant mutations in RAB11B leading to a neurodevelopmental syndrome, likely caused by altered GDP/GTP binding that inactivate the protein and induce GEF binding and protein mislocalization.	Guanosine Diphosphate	135-138	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	190-193	
27558716-1	2016	Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinesterase A (Ric-8A) is a 60-kDa cytosolic protein that has chaperone and guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) activity toward heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits of the i, q, and 12/13 classes, catalyzing the release of GDP from Galpha and subsequent binding of GTP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	255-258	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	136-139	
24597981-1	2014	Rasgrf-1 is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	75-78	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	14-37	
25825487-5	2015	From a library of 350,000 compounds, we selected a set of 418 candidate compounds predicted to disrupt the GEF-Ras interaction, of which dual wavelength GDP dissociation and GTP-loading experimental screening identified two chemically distinct small molecule inhibitors.	Guanosine Diphosphate	153-156	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-110	
25319541-6	2015	However, Ric-8 GEF activity could strictly be an in vitro phenomenon stemming from the ability of Ric-8 to induce partial Galpha unfolding, thereby enhancing GDP release.	Guanosine Diphosphate	158-161	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	15-18	
27458535-2	2016	This GEF increases active Ras as it catalyzes the removal of GDP from Ras so that GTP can bind and activate Ras.	Guanosine Diphosphate	61-64	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	5-8	
26195453-5	2015	We developed a simple, generic biochemical assay method for measuring GEF activity based on the fact that GDP dissociation is generally the rate-limiting step in the Rho GTPase catalytic cycle, and thus addition of a GEF causes an increase in steady-state GTPase activity.	Guanosine Diphosphate	106-109	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	70-73	
26195453-5	2015	We developed a simple, generic biochemical assay method for measuring GEF activity based on the fact that GDP dissociation is generally the rate-limiting step in the Rho GTPase catalytic cycle, and thus addition of a GEF causes an increase in steady-state GTPase activity.	Guanosine Diphosphate	106-109	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	217-220	
26195453-6	2015	We used the Transcreener GDP Assay, which relies on selective immunodetection of GDP, to measure the GEF-dependent stimulation of steady-state GTP hydrolysis by small GTPases using Dbs (Dbl"s big sister) as a GEF for Cdc42, RhoA, and RhoB.	Guanosine Diphosphate	25-28	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	101-104	
26195453-6	2015	We used the Transcreener GDP Assay, which relies on selective immunodetection of GDP, to measure the GEF-dependent stimulation of steady-state GTP hydrolysis by small GTPases using Dbs (Dbl"s big sister) as a GEF for Cdc42, RhoA, and RhoB.	Guanosine Diphosphate	81-84	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	101-104	
25480567-2	2015	It has recently been demonstrated in reconstitution experiments that the AGS3/Galpha(i/o)-GDP complex may act as a substrate of resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric-8A), a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for heterotrimeric Galpha proteins.	Guanosine Diphosphate	90-93	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	186-209	
25480567-2	2015	It has recently been demonstrated in reconstitution experiments that the AGS3/Galpha(i/o)-GDP complex may act as a substrate of resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8A (Ric-8A), a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for heterotrimeric Galpha proteins.	Guanosine Diphosphate	90-93	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	211-214	
24597981-1	2014	Rasgrf-1 is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP.	Guanosine Diphosphate	75-78	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	39-42	
22960035-1	2013	We report the novel finding that Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), through its PX and PH domains, binds specifically to Ras and catalyzes the GDP/GTP exchange (i.e., is a GEF), with potency comparable to Ras-GRF-1, a known Ras-GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	133-136	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	162-165	
22960035-1	2013	We report the novel finding that Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), through its PX and PH domains, binds specifically to Ras and catalyzes the GDP/GTP exchange (i.e., is a GEF), with potency comparable to Ras-GRF-1, a known Ras-GEF.	Guanosine Diphosphate	133-136	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	218-221	
24853419-5	2014	Ras activity was measured using a pull-down ELISA kit and guanine exchange factor (GEF)/GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) activity was measured by [(3)H]-GDP radiometric ligand binding.	Guanosine Diphosphate	153-156	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	83-86	
24520163-5	2014	For DENND1-Rab35 and DrrA-Rab1 the Rab active-site glutamine, often mutated to create constitutively active forms, is involved in GEF mediated GDP-release.	Guanosine Diphosphate	143-146	Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Homo sapiens	130-133