PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 18537536-0 2008 Bile acids and derivatives, their nuclear receptors FXR, PXR and ligands: role in health and disease and their therapeutic potential. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 57-60 17573484-3 2007 hPXR is activated by a broad spectrum of low-affinity compounds including xenobiotics and endobiotics such as bile acids and their precursors. Bile Acids and Salts 110-120 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 18334180-3 2008 The nuclear receptor CAR (constitutive androstane receptor or NR1I3) and PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) control phase I (cytochrome P450 2B and 3A), phase II (GSTA, UGT1A1), and transporter (MDR1, SLC21A6, MRP2) genes involved in drugs metabolism, bile acids and bilirubin clearance in response to xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 250-260 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 18334180-3 2008 The nuclear receptor CAR (constitutive androstane receptor or NR1I3) and PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) control phase I (cytochrome P450 2B and 3A), phase II (GSTA, UGT1A1), and transporter (MDR1, SLC21A6, MRP2) genes involved in drugs metabolism, bile acids and bilirubin clearance in response to xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 250-260 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 78-97 18334180-3 2008 The nuclear receptor CAR (constitutive androstane receptor or NR1I3) and PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) control phase I (cytochrome P450 2B and 3A), phase II (GSTA, UGT1A1), and transporter (MDR1, SLC21A6, MRP2) genes involved in drugs metabolism, bile acids and bilirubin clearance in response to xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 250-260 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 17963371-5 2007 Furthermore, enantiomeric bile acids were also tested for their ability to modulate bile acid activated proteins: farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, pregnane X receptor, and TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 26-36 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 124-175 17963371-5 2007 Furthermore, enantiomeric bile acids were also tested for their ability to modulate bile acid activated proteins: farnesoid X receptor, vitamin D receptor, pregnane X receptor, and TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 26-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 124-175 17696253-9 2007 CONCLUSION: LCA induced feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver is likely to be regulated by PXR inducing intestinal FGF19 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 47-56 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 109-112 17088262-3 2007 The steroid- and bile acid-activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays critical roles in the detoxification of bile acids, cholesterol metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 17-26 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 37-56 17088262-3 2007 The steroid- and bile acid-activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays critical roles in the detoxification of bile acids, cholesterol metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 17-26 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 17088262-3 2007 The steroid- and bile acid-activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays critical roles in the detoxification of bile acids, cholesterol metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 109-119 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 37-56 17088262-3 2007 The steroid- and bile acid-activated pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays critical roles in the detoxification of bile acids, cholesterol metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile Acids and Salts 109-119 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 16455805-1 2006 Bile acids and drugs activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) to induce CYP3A4, which is the predominant cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed in the liver and intestine and plays a critical role in detoxifying bile acids and drugs, and protecting against cholestasis. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 30-49 17188925-4 2007 PXR is also involved in lipid homeostasis providing opportunities for treatments based on PXR agonists for diseases involving aberrant cholesterol and bile acid levels. Bile Acids and Salts 151-160 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 17188925-4 2007 PXR is also involved in lipid homeostasis providing opportunities for treatments based on PXR agonists for diseases involving aberrant cholesterol and bile acid levels. Bile Acids and Salts 151-160 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 90-93 16863441-2 2006 PXR activation leads to enhanced metabolism and elimination of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds such as hormones and bile salts. Bile Acids and Salts 121-131 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 16749856-8 2006 So far, the farnesoid X receptor FXR, pregnane X receptor PXR, and vitamin D receptor VDR have been identified as nuclear receptors for bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 136-146 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 58-61 16952547-1 2006 BACKGROUND & AIMS: The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates protection against bile acid-induced liver injury in cholestatic animal models. Bile Acids and Salts 141-150 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 27-58 16952547-1 2006 BACKGROUND & AIMS: The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates protection against bile acid-induced liver injury in cholestatic animal models. Bile Acids and Salts 141-150 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 16455805-1 2006 Bile acids and drugs activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) to induce CYP3A4, which is the predominant cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed in the liver and intestine and plays a critical role in detoxifying bile acids and drugs, and protecting against cholestasis. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 16455805-1 2006 Bile acids and drugs activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) to induce CYP3A4, which is the predominant cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed in the liver and intestine and plays a critical role in detoxifying bile acids and drugs, and protecting against cholestasis. Bile Acids and Salts 200-210 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 30-49 16455805-1 2006 Bile acids and drugs activate pregnane X receptor (PXR) to induce CYP3A4, which is the predominant cytochrome P450 enzyme expressed in the liver and intestine and plays a critical role in detoxifying bile acids and drugs, and protecting against cholestasis. Bile Acids and Salts 200-210 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 16455805-12 2006 Drugs targeted to PXR may be developed for treating cholestatic liver diseases induced by bile acids and drugs. Bile Acids and Salts 90-100 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 16565602-5 2006 PXR and CAR coordinately regulate not only bile acid metabolism and transport, but also bilirubin clearance. Bile Acids and Salts 43-52 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15670600-0 2005 Identification of pregnane X receptor binding sites in the regulatory regions of genes involved in bile acid homeostasis. Bile Acids and Salts 99-108 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 18-37 16297466-1 2005 Pregnane and Xenobiotic Receptor (PXR) is a transcription factor that is activated by a diverse range of xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites including steroids, bile acids and about 50% of the prescription drugs. Bile Acids and Salts 164-174 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 16101574-3 2005 Unlike the vast majority of nuclear receptors, however, PXR responds to a wide variety of chemically distinct xenobiotics and endobiotics, regulating the expression of genes central to both drug and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 199-208 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 56-59 15718292-4 2005 Using a luciferase-based reporter assay, human PXR was activated by a wide variety of bile salts. Bile Acids and Salts 86-96 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 15670600-1 2005 The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) acts as a sensor for a broad variety of natural and synthetic lipophilic compounds, such as bile acids and rifampicin, and regulates the expression of proteins that are involved in the metabolism and transport of these compounds. Bile Acids and Salts 139-149 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-40 15670600-1 2005 The nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) acts as a sensor for a broad variety of natural and synthetic lipophilic compounds, such as bile acids and rifampicin, and regulates the expression of proteins that are involved in the metabolism and transport of these compounds. Bile Acids and Salts 139-149 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 15670600-9 2005 This observation increases the understanding of the physiological role of PXR in the homeostasis of bile acids in humans. Bile Acids and Salts 100-110 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 73-92 15725701-8 2005 Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) respond to secondary bile acids and induce their catabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 76-86 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-19 15725701-8 2005 Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) respond to secondary bile acids and induce their catabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 76-86 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 15581595-3 2005 As examples, these xenosensors are involved in the homeostasis of cholesterol, bile acids, bilirubin, and other endogenous hydrophobic molecules in the liver: CAR and PXR thus form an intricate regulatory network with other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, foremost the cholesterol-sensing liver X receptor (LXR, NR1H2/3) and the bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4). Bile Acids and Salts 342-351 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 167-170 15581595-3 2005 As examples, these xenosensors are involved in the homeostasis of cholesterol, bile acids, bilirubin, and other endogenous hydrophobic molecules in the liver: CAR and PXR thus form an intricate regulatory network with other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, foremost the cholesterol-sensing liver X receptor (LXR, NR1H2/3) and the bile-acid-activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4). Bile Acids and Salts 79-89 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 167-170 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 222-231 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 73-92 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 222-231 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 15331348-1 2005 Bile acids, steroids, and drugs activate steroid and xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2), which induces human cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) in drug metabolism and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 222-231 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 15331348-2 2005 Rifampicin, a human PXR agonist, inhibits bile acid synthesis and has been used to treat cholestatic diseases. Bile Acids and Salts 42-51 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 20-23 15331348-6 2005 Rifampicin inhibited CYP7A1 reporter activity and a PXR binding site was localized to the bile acid response element-I. Bile Acids and Salts 90-99 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 14683519-7 2003 PXR is a highly promiscuous xenosensor that responds to xenobiotic ligands (antibiotics, statins, glucocorticoids) and induces the Cyp3A gene, thereby playing a role in hepatoprotection and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 190-199 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15515100-2 2004 Lithocholic acid is a hydrophobic secondary bile acid that is a substrate of nuclear Pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 44-53 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 85-104 15515100-2 2004 Lithocholic acid is a hydrophobic secondary bile acid that is a substrate of nuclear Pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 44-53 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 14570758-2 2003 PXR is also activated by bile acids likely to prevent their accumulation to toxic levels; however, the role of PXR in the regulation of MRP3, an important bile acid efflux transporter, has not been elucidated. Bile Acids and Salts 25-35 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 14570758-2 2003 PXR is also activated by bile acids likely to prevent their accumulation to toxic levels; however, the role of PXR in the regulation of MRP3, an important bile acid efflux transporter, has not been elucidated. Bile Acids and Salts 25-34 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12971975-0 2003 ABC transporter regulation by bile acids: where PXR meets FXR. Bile Acids and Salts 30-40 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 48-51 12805410-4 2003 PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) is a broad-specificity sensor that recognizes a wide variety of synthetic drugs as well as endogenous compounds such as bile acid precursors. Bile Acids and Salts 153-162 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12805410-4 2003 PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) is a broad-specificity sensor that recognizes a wide variety of synthetic drugs as well as endogenous compounds such as bile acid precursors. Bile Acids and Salts 153-162 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 5-24 12805410-4 2003 PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2) is a broad-specificity sensor that recognizes a wide variety of synthetic drugs as well as endogenous compounds such as bile acid precursors. Bile Acids and Salts 153-162 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 26-31 12805410-5 2003 Upon activation, PXR induces CYP3A and inhibits CYP7alpha, suggesting that PXR can act on both bile acid synthesis and elimination. Bile Acids and Salts 95-104 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 12805410-5 2003 Upon activation, PXR induces CYP3A and inhibits CYP7alpha, suggesting that PXR can act on both bile acid synthesis and elimination. Bile Acids and Salts 95-104 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 75-78 12705905-5 2003 These results suggest that guggulsterone inhibits bile acid secretion from hepatocytes into bile and activates PXR to inhibit bile acid synthesis in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 126-135 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 15322103-2 2004 Previous studies show that feedback inhibition of bile acid production by bile acids is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 50-59 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 145-164 15322103-2 2004 Previous studies show that feedback inhibition of bile acid production by bile acids is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 50-59 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 166-169 15322103-2 2004 Previous studies show that feedback inhibition of bile acid production by bile acids is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 74-84 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 145-164 15322103-2 2004 Previous studies show that feedback inhibition of bile acid production by bile acids is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR). Bile Acids and Salts 74-84 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 166-169 15322103-3 2004 Consistent with these studies, the antibiotic rifampicin, a ligand for human PXR, reduces hepatic bile acid levels in cholestasis patients. Bile Acids and Salts 98-107 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 77-80 15322103-4 2004 To delineate the mechanisms underlying PXR-mediated suppression of bile acid biosynthesis, we examined the functional cross-talk between human PXR and HNF-4, a key hepatic activator of genes involved in bile acid biosynthesis including the cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12-alpha hydroxylase (CYP8B1) genes. Bile Acids and Salts 67-76 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 15322103-4 2004 To delineate the mechanisms underlying PXR-mediated suppression of bile acid biosynthesis, we examined the functional cross-talk between human PXR and HNF-4, a key hepatic activator of genes involved in bile acid biosynthesis including the cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 12-alpha hydroxylase (CYP8B1) genes. Bile Acids and Salts 203-212 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 15198932-2 2004 Recently, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were found to regulate DHEA sulfotransferase (Sult2A1), which plays an important role in DHEA sulfation and detoxification of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 238-248 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 86-105 15198932-2 2004 Recently, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were found to regulate DHEA sulfotransferase (Sult2A1), which plays an important role in DHEA sulfation and detoxification of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 238-248 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 107-110 11893771-0 2002 Regulation of xenobiotic and bile acid metabolism by the nuclear pregnane X receptor. Bile Acids and Salts 29-38 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 65-84 12055601-5 2002 RESULTS: The bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a ligand of FXR/BAR, but not clotrimazole or 25-hydroxycholesterol, ligands of PXR or LXR, respectively, induced OATP8 promoter activity. Bile Acids and Salts 13-22 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 132-135 12370413-1 2002 The nuclear receptor PXR (pregnane X receptor) protects the body from hepatotoxicity of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) by inducing expression of the hydroxylating cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A and promoting detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 98-108 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 12370413-1 2002 The nuclear receptor PXR (pregnane X receptor) protects the body from hepatotoxicity of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) by inducing expression of the hydroxylating cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A and promoting detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 98-108 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 26-45 12372848-2 2002 PXR is activated by a large number of endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids, antibiotics, antimycotics, bile acids, and the herbal antidepressant St. John"s wort. Bile Acids and Salts 120-130 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 60-69 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 60-69 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 60-69 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 172-181 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 172-181 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 172-181 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 263-273 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 263-273 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-3 2002 Among the chemicals that bind and activate PXR is the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid; activation of PXR, in turn, protects against the severe liver damage caused by this bile acid.Thus, PXR serves as a physiological sensor of lithocholic acid and perhaps other bile acids and coordinately regulates genes involved in their detoxification. Bile Acids and Salts 263-273 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11893771-4 2002 Interestingly, both the antibiotic rifampicin and the herbal antidepressant St. John"s wort activate PXR and have anticholestatic properties, which suggests that more potent, selective PXR agonists may be useful in the treatment of biliary cholestasis or other diseases characterized by the accumulation of bile acids or other toxins in the liver. Bile Acids and Salts 307-317 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 185-188 12016543-3 2002 An unexpected finding was that the PXR was able to recognize bile acids; transgenic animals lacking this receptor are at increased risk of bile acid-induced liver injury. Bile Acids and Salts 61-71 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 11807162-3 2002 Various lipophilic compounds produced by the body, such as bile acids and steroids, also activate PXR. Bile Acids and Salts 59-69 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 98-101 11865669-3 2002 PXR also regulates the expression of other genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, including CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, GSTA2 and MDR1, as well as genes critical to bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 163-172 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12016543-3 2002 An unexpected finding was that the PXR was able to recognize bile acids; transgenic animals lacking this receptor are at increased risk of bile acid-induced liver injury. Bile Acids and Salts 61-70 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 11509573-6 2001 Notably, the rank order of bile acids as CYP3A4 inducers and activators of pregnane X receptor/steroid and xenobiotic receptor (PXR/SXR) closely paralleled each other but was markedly different from their hierarchy and potency as inducers of BSEP in human hepatocytes. Bile Acids and Salts 27-37 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 128-131 11607932-5 2001 We have also discovered that PXR (NR1I2) is a lithocholic acid receptor that controls the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 121-131 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 11607932-5 2001 We have also discovered that PXR (NR1I2) is a lithocholic acid receptor that controls the biosynthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 121-131 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 34-39 11607932-6 2001 Together FXR and PXR cooperate to control biliary and urinary bile acid excretion. Bile Acids and Salts 62-71 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 11509573-6 2001 Notably, the rank order of bile acids as CYP3A4 inducers and activators of pregnane X receptor/steroid and xenobiotic receptor (PXR/SXR) closely paralleled each other but was markedly different from their hierarchy and potency as inducers of BSEP in human hepatocytes. Bile Acids and Salts 27-37 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 132-135 11509573-7 2001 Moreover, the hepatoprotective bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid, which reverses hydrophobic bile acid hepatotoxicity, activates PXR and efficaciously induces CYP3A4 (a bile-metabolizing enzyme) in primary human hepatocytes thus providing one mechanism for its hepatoprotection. Bile Acids and Salts 31-40 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 126-129 11248085-2 2001 In this study, we demonstrate that PXR is activated by the toxic bile acid lithocholic acid (LCA) and its 3-keto metabolite. Bile Acids and Salts 65-74 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 11248085-3 2001 Furthermore, we show that PXR regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of bile acids including cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and the Na(+)-independent organic anion transporter 2 (Oatp2). Bile Acids and Salts 123-133 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 11248085-5 2001 Based on these data, we propose that PXR serves as a physiological sensor of LCA, and coordinately regulates gene expression to reduce the concentrations of this toxic bile acid. Bile Acids and Salts 168-177 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 37-40 11248086-0 2001 An essential role for nuclear receptors SXR/PXR in detoxification of cholestatic bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 81-91 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 11248086-0 2001 An essential role for nuclear receptors SXR/PXR in detoxification of cholestatic bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 81-91 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 11248086-5 2001 Therefore, we establish SXR and PXR as bile acid receptors and a role for the xenobiotic response in the detoxification of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 123-133 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 24-27 11248086-5 2001 Therefore, we establish SXR and PXR as bile acid receptors and a role for the xenobiotic response in the detoxification of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 123-133 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 18096695-1 2008 The orphan nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in the detoxification of foreign and endogenous chemicals, including bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 147-157 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 18096695-1 2008 The orphan nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in the detoxification of foreign and endogenous chemicals, including bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 147-157 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 28-47 18096695-2 2008 PXR promotes bile acid elimination by activating bile acid-detoxifying enzymes and transporters. Bile Acids and Salts 13-22 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 18096695-2 2008 PXR promotes bile acid elimination by activating bile acid-detoxifying enzymes and transporters. Bile Acids and Salts 49-58 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 18096695-7 2008 Moreover, the antiapoptotic effect of PXR in HCT116 cells appeared to be independent of xenobiotic enzyme regulation, because these cells had little basal and inducible expression of bile acid-detoxifying enzymes. Bile Acids and Salts 183-192 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 34217791-9 2021 In summary, PEE could induce high bile acid level in maternal serum and its mechanism is associated with the high expression of BCRP/MRP3/OATP2B1 in the placenta through up-regulating PXR and down-regulating FXR, thereby leading to an excessive bile acid transport to maternal blood via the placenta. Bile Acids and Salts 34-43 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 184-187 34689256-2 2022 Although expression changes in xenobiotic-metabolizing, lipogenic, gluconeogenic and bile acid synthetic genes have been described after PXR activation, the temporal dynamics of their expression is largely unknown. Bile Acids and Salts 85-94 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 137-140 34444675-1 2021 Vitamin K (VK) is a ligand of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which plays a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 144-154 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 34-53 34444675-1 2021 Vitamin K (VK) is a ligand of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which plays a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolism of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 144-154 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 34217791-6 2021 Mining of microarray data from human and rat placental sources identified the involvement of bile acid metabolism and its significant genes, which were verified by RT-qPCR and western blotting on tissues and treated BeWo cells with the administration of FXR/PXR siRNAs or FXR/PXR agonists. Bile Acids and Salts 93-102 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 258-261 34217791-6 2021 Mining of microarray data from human and rat placental sources identified the involvement of bile acid metabolism and its significant genes, which were verified by RT-qPCR and western blotting on tissues and treated BeWo cells with the administration of FXR/PXR siRNAs or FXR/PXR agonists. Bile Acids and Salts 93-102 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 276-279 34217791-9 2021 In summary, PEE could induce high bile acid level in maternal serum and its mechanism is associated with the high expression of BCRP/MRP3/OATP2B1 in the placenta through up-regulating PXR and down-regulating FXR, thereby leading to an excessive bile acid transport to maternal blood via the placenta. Bile Acids and Salts 245-254 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 184-187 35074252-4 2022 This review aims to summarize recent advances on the immune-modulatory actions of the bile acid-responsive receptors Shingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammat (RORgammat). Bile Acids and Salts 86-95 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 160-179 35074252-4 2022 This review aims to summarize recent advances on the immune-modulatory actions of the bile acid-responsive receptors Shingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammat (RORgammat). Bile Acids and Salts 86-95 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 181-184 33600998-6 2021 Emerging evidence has suggested the roles of PXR and CAR in energy metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, cell proliferation, to name a few. Bile Acids and Salts 79-88 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 33636214-2 2021 There are two main bile acid activated receptors, FXR and GPBAR1, that are exclusively activated by bile acids, while other receptors CAR, LXRs, PXR, RORgammaT, S1PR2and VDR are activated by bile acids in addition to other more selective endogenous ligands. Bile Acids and Salts 191-201 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 145-148 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 15-24 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 337-340 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 15-24 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 72-91 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 15-24 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 93-96 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 26-28 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 72-91 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 26-28 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 93-96 32404746-2 2020 Key actors are bile acid (BA) receptors, as farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and G-protein-coupled-receptor (TGR5), that control a broad range of metabolic processes as well as inflammation and fibrosis.The present study aims to investigate the impact of intestinal inflammation on liver health with a focus on FXR, PXR and TGR5 expression. Bile Acids and Salts 26-28 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 337-340 32024859-0 2020 Attenuation of bile acid-mediated FXR and PXR activation in patients with Crohn"s disease. Bile Acids and Salts 15-24 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 42-45 31291465-5 2020 Multiple receptors such as FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, CAR and VDR act as sensors of bile acids have been reported. Bile Acids and Salts 75-85 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 32024859-1 2020 Bile acids are endogenous ligands of nuclear receptors pregnane X (PXR) and farnesoid X (FXR). Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 67-70 32024859-6 2020 An in vitro model was used to assess the impact of CD-specific changes in the plasma bile acid composition on PXR and FXR activation. Bile Acids and Salts 85-94 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 32024859-8 2020 In vitro, increasing concentrations of bile acids applied in the same ratio as seen in the study cohorts resulted in decreased activation of both PXR and FXR in the CD model. Bile Acids and Salts 39-49 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 146-149 32024859-10 2020 Ultimately, CD-specific changes in the plasma bile acid composition lead to reduced activation of FXR and PXR target genes in vitro and in vivo. Bile Acids and Salts 46-55 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 106-109 31106772-7 2019 On the other hand, bile acids function as ligands for a number of receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), proterane X receptor (PXR), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cell membrane surface receptor-G protein coupled receptor (TGR5), which play important roles from metabolic homeostasis to innate immunity. Bile Acids and Salts 19-29 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 135-138 31604032-3 2020 We hypothesize that this occurs via vitamin E-activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediated pathways involved in bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 116-125 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 60-79 31604032-3 2020 We hypothesize that this occurs via vitamin E-activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediated pathways involved in bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 116-125 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 81-84 31616073-4 2019 Since that time, BAs have been shown to act through multiple receptors (PXR, VDR, TGR5 and S1PR2), as well as to have receptor-independent mechanisms (membrane dynamics, allosteric modulation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D). Bile Acids and Salts 17-20 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 72-75 30646906-0 2019 Matrix association region/scaffold attachment region: the crucial player in defining the positions of chromosome breaks mediated by bile acid-induced apoptosis in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Bile Acids and Salts 132-141 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 26-52 30453651-2 2018 Besides the role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the transcriptional control of bile acid transport and metabolism, this review provides an overview on how this metabolic sensor prevents the accumulation of toxic byproducts derived from endogenous metabolites, as well as of exogenous chemicals, in coordination with the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Bile Acids and Salts 85-94 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 326-345 30453651-2 2018 Besides the role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the transcriptional control of bile acid transport and metabolism, this review provides an overview on how this metabolic sensor prevents the accumulation of toxic byproducts derived from endogenous metabolites, as well as of exogenous chemicals, in coordination with the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Bile Acids and Salts 85-94 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 347-350 30464886-6 2018 Recent Findings: The genetic variations associated with AT-DILI have been identified in the genomic regions within or near genes encoding proteins in the following pathways: drug metabolizing enzymes (NAT2, CYP2E1, and GSTs), accumulation of bile acids, lipids, and heme metabolites (CYP7A1, BSEP, UGTs, and PXR), immune adaptation (HLAs and TNF-alpha), and oxidant challenge (TXNRD1, SOD1, BACH1, and MAFK). Bile Acids and Salts 242-252 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 308-311 29184608-7 2017 In an adequate expression state, PXR acts as a sensor for bile acid dysregulation and bacterial derived metabolites, and in response shapes the immune profile beneficial to the host. Bile Acids and Salts 58-67 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 33-36 27871908-1 2017 The Pregnane X (PXR), Vitamin D (VDR) and Farnesoid X (FXR) nuclear receptors have been shown to be receptors of bile acids controlling their detoxification or synthesis. Bile Acids and Salts 113-123 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 16-19 27871908-7 2017 Whether the acetylated bile acid derivatives are novel endogenous ligands of PXR with detoxification or physiological functions should be further studied in ongoing experiments. Bile Acids and Salts 23-32 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 77-80 27932985-2 2016 Nowadays it is clear that PXR is also involved in regulation of intermediate metabolism through trans-activation and trans-repression of genes controlling glucose, lipid, cholesterol, bile acid, and bilirubin homeostasis. Bile Acids and Salts 184-193 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 25294580-2 2015 In addition to its role in xenobiotic metabolism, PXR has pleiotropic functions in regulating immune/inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, bile acid/cholesterol metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, steroid/endocrine homeostasis, and bone metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 145-154 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 27440109-8 2016 In addition, there are data to suggest that soy components promiscuously activate several nuclear receptors including PXR, PPAR and LXR resulting in increased expression of CYP3As, CYP4As and CYPs involved in metabolism of cholesterol to bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 238-248 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 118-121 27799961-7 2016 Deranged bile salt levels outline the central role of PXR in bile acid synthesis, modification, and export. Bile Acids and Salts 9-18 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 54-57 27799961-7 2016 Deranged bile salt levels outline the central role of PXR in bile acid synthesis, modification, and export. Bile Acids and Salts 61-70 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 54-57 26416771-4 2015 Maternal absence of Nr1i2 superimposed on Abcb11 deficiency strongly reduces maternal serum bile acid concentrations and increases neonatal survival. Bile Acids and Salts 92-101 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 20-25 24905729-11 2015 In vitro, rifampicin PXR-dependently upregulated biotransformation phase 1 (CYP3A4), phase 2 (UGT1A1) and phase 3 (MRP2) enzymes/carriers as well as the basolateral bile salt exporter OSTbeta. Bile Acids and Salts 165-174 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 25200104-3 2014 In addition to FXR, bile acids activate other nuclear receptors (CAR, PXR and VDR), cell surface receptors including the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GP-BAR1/TGR5), muscarinic receptor and calcium-gated potassium channels. Bile Acids and Salts 20-30 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 24388834-3 2014 PXR is a master gene orchestrating the expression/activity of genes involved in the metabolism of endobiotics including bilirubin, bile acids, glucose and lipid. Bile Acids and Salts 131-141 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 24329114-2 2013 PXR plays key roles not only as a xenosensor in the regulation of both major phase I and II drug metabolism and transporters but also as a physiological sensor in the modulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bone and endocrine homeostasis. Bile Acids and Salts 181-190 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 24182399-1 2014 The nuclear receptor member human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates enzymes and transporters involved in xenobiotic detoxification as well as maintains homeostatic balance of bile acids, thyroid and steroid hormones. Bile Acids and Salts 178-188 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 34-53 24182399-1 2014 The nuclear receptor member human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) regulates enzymes and transporters involved in xenobiotic detoxification as well as maintains homeostatic balance of bile acids, thyroid and steroid hormones. Bile Acids and Salts 178-188 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 24382005-8 2014 Budesonide is a glucocorticoid receptor/pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist also involved in BA synthesis, metabolism and transport. Bile Acids and Salts 91-93 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 61-64 24166671-1 2014 Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, was originally identified as a regulator of drug and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 117-126 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-19 24166671-1 2014 Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor, was originally identified as a regulator of drug and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 117-126 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 24859622-3 2014 Recent studies have demonstrated that PXR, CAR and AhR also regulate the expression of key proteins involved in endobiotic responses such as the metabolic homeostasis of lipids, glucose, and bile acid, and inflammatory processes. Bile Acids and Salts 191-200 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 23982684-3 2014 Pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor and constitutive androstane receptor are additional nuclear receptors that respond to bile acids, albeit to a more restricted set of species of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 126-136 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-19 23982684-3 2014 Pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor and constitutive androstane receptor are additional nuclear receptors that respond to bile acids, albeit to a more restricted set of species of bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 184-194 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-19 24025090-3 2013 In addition to xenobiotics, endogenous compounds such as steroid hormones and bile acids can also activate PXR and/or CAR. Bile Acids and Salts 78-88 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 107-110 23237007-5 2013 PXR activation is also hepatoprotective against toxic bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 54-64 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 23574760-0 2013 Bile acid malabsorption deactivates pregnane X receptor in patients with Crohn"s disease. Bile Acids and Salts 0-9 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 36-55 23574760-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS: The degree of bile acid malabsorption was closely associated with the deactivation of PXR in CD. Bile Acids and Salts 27-36 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 99-102 23574760-9 2013 Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is a key factor for preservation of baseline activity of hepatointestinal PXR. Bile Acids and Salts 29-39 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 114-117 21801835-4 2012 In this review we will focus on FXR and PXR, two members of the NR family whose activities are regulated by bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 108-118 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 23000093-2 2012 The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) are two bile-acid-activated receptors highly expressed in enterohepatic tissues essential for bile acids and xenobiotic metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 159-169 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 39-58 23000093-2 2012 The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR) are two bile-acid-activated receptors highly expressed in enterohepatic tissues essential for bile acids and xenobiotic metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 159-169 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 21691099-7 2011 Bile acids activate nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR/NR1H4), the pregnane X receptor and the vitamin D receptor, are ligands for a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR1/TGR5), and can also activate protein kinases A and C as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 88-107 21977915-2 2011 In normal physiology of the gut and liver, the nuclear receptor Pregnane x Receptor (PXR) is an important factor in the detoxification of xenobiotics and bile acid homeostasis. Bile Acids and Salts 154-163 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 85-88 21742782-1 2011 Steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) is activated by endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids, bile acids, and prescription drugs. Bile Acids and Salts 109-119 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 21742782-1 2011 Steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) is activated by endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids, bile acids, and prescription drugs. Bile Acids and Salts 109-119 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 33-36 21622216-6 2011 In addition to FXR, the nuclear receptors CAR and PXR function as sensors of toxic byproducts and regulator of BA homeostasis. Bile Acids and Salts 111-113 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 50-53 21333771-7 2011 In addition, PXR and GR are key regulators of intermediary metabolism (e.g. carbohydrate, lipids or bile acids homeostasis) and many other cellular functions (e.g. immune response), hence, the interactions between azoles and PXR/GR are of broader physiological importance. Bile Acids and Salts 100-110 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 13-16 21291553-8 2011 Tetraodon PXR was activated by a variety of bile acids and steroids, although not by the larger synthetic ligands that activate human PXR such as rifampicin. Bile Acids and Salts 44-54 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 21395540-3 2011 These metabolites (oxysterols, bile acids, vitamin D3) act as activators of a battery of nuclear receptors, in particular liver X receptor (LXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Bile Acids and Salts 31-41 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 146-165 21395540-3 2011 These metabolites (oxysterols, bile acids, vitamin D3) act as activators of a battery of nuclear receptors, in particular liver X receptor (LXR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR). Bile Acids and Salts 31-41 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 167-170 23007437-1 2012 The human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse agonists including steroid hormones, bile acids, herbal drugs, and prescription medications. Bile Acids and Salts 162-172 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 10-29 23007437-1 2012 The human pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse agonists including steroid hormones, bile acids, herbal drugs, and prescription medications. Bile Acids and Salts 162-172 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 21295138-5 2011 The biological and physiological implications of PXR activation are broad, ranging from drug metabolism and drug-drug interactions to the homeostasis of numerous endobiotics, such as glucose, lipids, steroids, bile acids, bilirubin, retinoic acid, and bone minerals. Bile Acids and Salts 210-220 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 49-52 19297428-2 2009 PXR activation by endogenous and exogenous chemicals, including steroids, antibiotics, bile acids, and herbal compounds, results in induction of drug metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 87-97 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 20595403-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Bile acids can act as signalling molecules via various receptors including the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 12-22 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 130-149 20595403-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Bile acids can act as signalling molecules via various receptors including the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), and the cell surface G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 12-22 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 151-154 19932133-4 2010 Primary bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) are physiological ligands/activators of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), while litocholic acid is a ligand for the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the G-protein coupled receptor TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 8-18 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 127-146 19932133-4 2010 Primary bile acids (chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) are physiological ligands/activators of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR), pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), while litocholic acid is a ligand for the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the G-protein coupled receptor TGR5. Bile Acids and Salts 8-18 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 148-151 19688601-1 2009 Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are transcription factors that control the expression of a broad array of genes involved not only in transcellular transport and biotransformation of many drugs, other xenochemicals, and endogenous substances, such as bile acid, bilirubin, and certain vitamins, but also in various physiological/pathophysiological processes such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Bile Acids and Salts 287-296 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 0-19 19688601-1 2009 Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are transcription factors that control the expression of a broad array of genes involved not only in transcellular transport and biotransformation of many drugs, other xenochemicals, and endogenous substances, such as bile acid, bilirubin, and certain vitamins, but also in various physiological/pathophysiological processes such as lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. Bile Acids and Salts 287-296 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 20871735-1 2009 The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane x receptor (PXR) are activated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, such as steroid hormones, bile acids, pharmaceuticals, and environmental, dietary, and occupational chemicals. Bile Acids and Salts 167-177 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 51-70 20871735-1 2009 The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and the pregnane x receptor (PXR) are activated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, such as steroid hormones, bile acids, pharmaceuticals, and environmental, dietary, and occupational chemicals. Bile Acids and Salts 167-177 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 72-75 18751930-11 2009 In our view, the novel bile acid norUDCA and agonists of PPARs, VDR, and PXR appear particularly attractive for further studies in PSC. Bile Acids and Salts 23-32 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 18800312-5 2008 Reporter assays were used to evaluate the function of all known hPXR variants in response to the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid and therapeutic agents rifampicin, ursodeoxycholic acid and dexamethasone. Bile Acids and Salts 107-116 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 19018724-3 2008 The regulatory function of PXR is implicated in normal physiology and diseases, such as drug-drug interactions, hepatic steatosis, vitamin D homeostasis, bile acids homeostasis, steroid hormones homeostasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. Bile Acids and Salts 154-164 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 27-30 19273385-0 2009 Master regulation of bile acid and xenobiotic metabolism via the FXR, PXR and CAR trio. Bile Acids and Salts 21-30 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 18629309-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 242-251 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 12-59 18629309-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 242-251 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 61-66 18629309-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 242-251 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 87-118 18629309-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2), commonly known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) in humans, is a key ligand-dependent transcription factor responsible for the regulation of xenobiotic, steroid, and bile acid metabolism. Bile Acids and Salts 242-251 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 120-123