PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
3777158-2	1986	Rats received either saline or 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside), a precursor to an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate lyase (AICAR).	acadesine	31-70	adenylosuccinate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	118-140
3174626-2	1988	The corresponding ribonucleoside (AIRs, 5b) was prepared via chemical (nonenzymatic) synthesis from 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide.	acadesine	100-153	phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase	Homo sapiens	34-38
2925797-7	1989	These observations indicate that the main effect of AICA-Riboside is on the formation of AMP from aspartate and IMP via the sequential action of adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase.	acadesine	52-65	adenylosuccinate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	177-199
3777158-2	1986	Rats received either saline or 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside), a precursor to an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate lyase (AICAR).	acadesine	72-84	adenylosuccinate lyase	Rattus norvegicus	118-140
6480832-4	1984	When the compound 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) is phosphorylated to the riboside monophosphate in the myocyte it is an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate lyase, one of the enzymes of the purine nucleotide cycle.	acadesine	18-57	adenylosuccinate lyase	Mus musculus	158-180
6480832-4	1984	When the compound 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) is phosphorylated to the riboside monophosphate in the myocyte it is an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate lyase, one of the enzymes of the purine nucleotide cycle.	acadesine	59-71	adenylosuccinate lyase	Mus musculus	158-180
6480832-8	1984	Disruption of the purine nucleotide cycle during muscle stimulation was evidenced by a greater accumulation of adenylosuccinate, the substrate for adenylosuccinate lyase, in the animals receiving AICAriboside (0.60 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01 nmol/mumol total creatine, P less than 0.0001).	acadesine	196-208	adenylosuccinate lyase	Mus musculus	147-169
33495648-3	2021	We have generated a novel Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, BC1618, whose potency in stimulating Ampk-dependent signaling greatly exceeds 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or metformin.	acadesine	186-191	F-box protein 48	Mus musculus	26-32
34042039-6	2021	More specifically, we review the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects of AMPK or AMPK activators like metformin, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside on neurological diseases and dementia, which exert through the intracellular molecules involved in neuronal survival or death.	acadesine	138-192	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
870876-8	1977	The data suggest that AICA serves as a substrate for the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) of the Lesch-Nyhan erythrocyte and that the ribotide of AICA, 5"-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), undergoes formylation by labeled N10-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid formed from the reaction of sodium [14C]formate with the tetrahydrofolic acid of the cell.	acadesine	210-215	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	92-96
33186592-8	2021	Furthermore, in high-fat diet fed mice, 2-week treatment with AICAR restored endothelial KCa2.3 expression in mesenteric resistance arteries with improved endothelial dysfunction.	acadesine	62-67	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3	Mus musculus	89-95
33493298-2	2021	However, despite the importance of adipose tissue for whole-body energy homeostasis, the effect of AMPK activation in adipocytes has only been studied to a limited extent and mainly with the AMP-mimetic 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which has limited specificity.	acadesine	256-261	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
33493298-9	2021	These data suggest that AMPK activation per se does not inhibit glucose uptake in adipocytes and that the effects of AICAR and A-769662 are AMPK-independent.	acadesine	117-122	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
33362238-0	2020	Acadesine suppresses TNF-alpha induced complement component 3 (C3), in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.	acadesine	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-30
33362238-0	2020	Acadesine suppresses TNF-alpha induced complement component 3 (C3), in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.	acadesine	0-9	complement C3	Homo sapiens	39-61
33362238-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that acadesine suppresses TNF-alpha induced C3, likely through an AMPK-independent pathway, and could have potential use in complement over activation diseases.	acadesine	38-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
33362238-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that acadesine suppresses TNF-alpha induced C3, likely through an AMPK-independent pathway, and could have potential use in complement over activation diseases.	acadesine	38-47	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
33362238-3	2020	Acadesine, an analog of AMP and an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been shown to have cytoprotective effects in human clinical trials as well as having anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular exudative effects in animals.	acadesine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	35-63
33362238-3	2020	Acadesine, an analog of AMP and an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been shown to have cytoprotective effects in human clinical trials as well as having anti-inflammatory and anti-vascular exudative effects in animals.	acadesine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
33362238-4	2020	The purpose of this study was to evaluate if acadesine is able to suppress TNF-alpha induced C3 in RPE cells.	acadesine	45-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
33362238-9	2020	RESULTS: Acadesine suppresses TNF-alpha induced C3 in a dose dependent manner.	acadesine	9-18	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-39
33228044-2	2020	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) is one such drug candidate that has recently gained attention for its promising clinical applications as an anti-cancer agent.	acadesine	0-45	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	47-52
33103452-10	2020	Consistently, leptin inhibition of the calcium channel current was not only prevented by AMPK inhibition with Compound C but also hampered with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	144-189	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	363-401	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	363-401	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	363-401	CCAL1	Homo sapiens	119-124
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	403-408	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	403-408	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
32986917-7	2020	Finally, the detection of proteins associated with the NF-kappaB/AMPK signaling pathway by western blot suggested that CCAL1 exerts its role on HC-OA cells by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and inhibiting the AMPK signaling pathway, which was verified through the addition of NF-kappaB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	403-408	CCAL1	Homo sapiens	119-124
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	229-232
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	233-242
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	247-250
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	251-254
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	322-325
33329515-2	2020	In the current study, we found that both aspirin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-riboside (AICAR) siginificantly attenuated virus replication by inhibiting BEFV-induced autophagy via suppressing the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways as well as inducing reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway.	acadesine	101-106	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	326-332
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	43-52
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	57-60
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	61-64
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	acadesine	39-84	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	159-162
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	acadesine	39-84	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	acadesine	86-91	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	159-162
33176741-3	2020	Our previous studies demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) induced differentiation of monocytic cell lines by activating the ATR/Chk1 via pyrimidine depletion.	acadesine	86-91	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
33176741-10	2020	AICAr-induced differentiation correlates with proliferation and sensitivity to DHODH inhibition.	acadesine	0-5	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	79-84
33176741-12	2020	CONCLUSION: AICAr induces differentiation in a subset of primary non-APL AML blasts, and these effects correlate with sensitivity to a well-known, potent DHODH inhibitor.	acadesine	12-17	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)	Homo sapiens	154-159
32898618-5	2020	After that, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), exercise mimic chemical that stimulates AMPK level, was also administered to Caco2 cells.	acadesine	12-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
33002460-8	2020	Moreover, pretreatment of these cell lines with Acadesine or Dorsomorphin to activate or inhibit the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway, respectively, also resulting in promotion or suppression in both autophagy and apoptosis.	acadesine	48-57	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
33002460-8	2020	Moreover, pretreatment of these cell lines with Acadesine or Dorsomorphin to activate or inhibit the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway, respectively, also resulting in promotion or suppression in both autophagy and apoptosis.	acadesine	48-57	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	106-110
33002460-8	2020	Moreover, pretreatment of these cell lines with Acadesine or Dorsomorphin to activate or inhibit the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway, respectively, also resulting in promotion or suppression in both autophagy and apoptosis.	acadesine	48-57	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
32898618-5	2020	After that, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), exercise mimic chemical that stimulates AMPK level, was also administered to Caco2 cells.	acadesine	68-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	116-120
32588910-7	2020	Indeed, AMPK is activated during exercise and activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation.	acadesine	116-121	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	8-12
32940892-8	2021	The AMPK activator AICAR alone lowered TF expression in THP-1, while the AMPK inhibitor compound C abrogated the metformin-dependent reduction in TF expression.	acadesine	19-24	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
32940892-8	2021	The AMPK activator AICAR alone lowered TF expression in THP-1, while the AMPK inhibitor compound C abrogated the metformin-dependent reduction in TF expression.	acadesine	19-24	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	39-41
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	165-168
33329515-3	2020	AICAR reversed the BEFV-activated PI3K/Akt/NF-kappaB and Src/JNK pathways at the early to late stages of infection and induced reversion of the BEFV-suppressed PI3K-AKt-mTORC1 pathway at the late stage of infection.	acadesine	0-5	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	169-175
32903271-4	2020	Knockdown of SHMT2 expression in vitro caused a state of glycine auxotrophy and accumulation of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide (AICAR), an intermediate of folate/1-carbon-pathway-dependent de novo purine nucleotide synthesis.	acadesine	137-142	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
32588910-7	2020	Indeed, AMPK is activated during exercise and activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation.	acadesine	116-121	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
32913552-10	2020	Pretreatment with an AMPK agonist, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D ribofuranoside, markedly enhanced autophagic activity and diminished apoptosis.	acadesine	35-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
31970902-10	2020	Further, the anti-inflammatory effects produced by VitB6 or AICAR in LPS-treated macrophages were abolished in DOK3 gene knockout (DOK3-/- ) macrophages, but were enhanced in macrophages if DOK3 was overexpressed.	acadesine	60-65	docking protein 3	Mus musculus	111-115
32561924-2	2020	The activation of 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibits TGF-beta1-induced fibrosis in other cell types.	acadesine	146-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	18-69
32561924-2	2020	The activation of 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibits TGF-beta1-induced fibrosis in other cell types.	acadesine	146-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
32561924-2	2020	The activation of 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibits TGF-beta1-induced fibrosis in other cell types.	acadesine	146-151	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	162-171
32561924-13	2020	Conclusions: AMPK activation by AICAR suppresses the myofibroblast differentiation and ECM synthesis that occur after alkali injury in corneal fibroblasts.	acadesine	32-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
32681256-6	2020	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR, an agonist of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 0.5 mg/kg per day] was subcutaneously injected to the diabetic rats for 12 weeks, serving as AICAR group.	acadesine	0-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-104
32681256-6	2020	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR, an agonist of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 0.5 mg/kg per day] was subcutaneously injected to the diabetic rats for 12 weeks, serving as AICAR group.	acadesine	0-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
31495919-6	2020	RAD52 depletion by siRNA or RAD52 inhibitors (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR], (-)-epigallocatechin [EGC]) or a RAD52-phenylalanine 79 aptamer significantly restrained the growth of RAD52-upregulated RECQL4DeltaC HCT116 cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts.	acadesine	46-100	RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
31495919-6	2020	RAD52 depletion by siRNA or RAD52 inhibitors (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR], (-)-epigallocatechin [EGC]) or a RAD52-phenylalanine 79 aptamer significantly restrained the growth of RAD52-upregulated RECQL4DeltaC HCT116 cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts.	acadesine	102-107	RAD52 homolog, DNA repair protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
32832780-12	2020	According to our findings, we provide a mechanism by which AICAR increases and maintains a pluripotency state through enhanced Nanog expression, involving AMPK/PI3K and p-GSK3beta Ser21/9 pathways backing up the AICAR function as a potential target for this drug controlling pluripotency.	acadesine	59-64	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	127-132
32832780-12	2020	According to our findings, we provide a mechanism by which AICAR increases and maintains a pluripotency state through enhanced Nanog expression, involving AMPK/PI3K and p-GSK3beta Ser21/9 pathways backing up the AICAR function as a potential target for this drug controlling pluripotency.	acadesine	59-64	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	171-179
32582149-8	2020	Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), a pemt inhibitor, worsens LPS-tolerance in WT macrophages and supports the impact of pemt upon LPS-tolerant FcgRIIB-/- macrophages.	acadesine	45-50	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	55-59
32582149-8	2020	Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), a pemt inhibitor, worsens LPS-tolerance in WT macrophages and supports the impact of pemt upon LPS-tolerant FcgRIIB-/- macrophages.	acadesine	45-50	phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	138-142
31970857-1	2020	The gas-phase hydration of Mg2+ complexes with deprotonated uracil (U), thymine (T), uridine (Ur - uracil riboside) and thymidine (Tdr - thymine deoxyriboside) was studied.	acadesine	99-114	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	27-30
31877320-7	2020	RESULTS: Behavioral disorders and decreases of AMPK, SIRT1 and SIRT3 induced by UCMS were all reversed by AICA Riboside (AICAR) treatment.	acadesine	106-119	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	53-58
31877320-7	2020	RESULTS: Behavioral disorders and decreases of AMPK, SIRT1 and SIRT3 induced by UCMS were all reversed by AICA Riboside (AICAR) treatment.	acadesine	106-119	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	63-68
31877320-7	2020	RESULTS: Behavioral disorders and decreases of AMPK, SIRT1 and SIRT3 induced by UCMS were all reversed by AICA Riboside (AICAR) treatment.	acadesine	121-126	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	53-58
31877320-7	2020	RESULTS: Behavioral disorders and decreases of AMPK, SIRT1 and SIRT3 induced by UCMS were all reversed by AICA Riboside (AICAR) treatment.	acadesine	121-126	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	63-68
31877320-9	2020	Co-treatment with SIRT3 inhibitor (3-TYP) in addition to AICAR abolished AICAR"s effects on behavior and expression level of inflammation/oxidative stress-related factors of mice, without affecting the content of SIRT1.	acadesine	73-78	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	18-23
31877320-10	2020	Contrarily, combining use of AICAR and SIRT1 inhibitor (Sirtinol or EX-527) increased SIRT3 level, which led to better alleviation of behavioral disorders, compared with single AICAR treatment.	acadesine	29-34	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	86-91
31877320-10	2020	Contrarily, combining use of AICAR and SIRT1 inhibitor (Sirtinol or EX-527) increased SIRT3 level, which led to better alleviation of behavioral disorders, compared with single AICAR treatment.	acadesine	177-182	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	39-44
31970902-10	2020	Further, the anti-inflammatory effects produced by VitB6 or AICAR in LPS-treated macrophages were abolished in DOK3 gene knockout (DOK3-/- ) macrophages, but were enhanced in macrophages if DOK3 was overexpressed.	acadesine	60-65	docking protein 3	Mus musculus	131-135
31970902-10	2020	Further, the anti-inflammatory effects produced by VitB6 or AICAR in LPS-treated macrophages were abolished in DOK3 gene knockout (DOK3-/- ) macrophages, but were enhanced in macrophages if DOK3 was overexpressed.	acadesine	60-65	docking protein 3	Mus musculus	131-135
31830357-7	2020	Gene expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) increased upon the addition of FFAs to the medium and decreased upon treatment with AICAR but not significantly after treatment with T863.	acadesine	123-128	perilipin 2	Felis catus	19-30
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	42-96	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	114-119
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	42-96	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	179-187
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	42-96	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	212-217
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	98-103	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	114-119
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	98-103	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	179-187
31931835-13	2020	Interestingly treatment with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) restores SIRT3 expression, improves mitochondrial function, and decreases alphasyn oligomer formation in a SIRT3-dependent manner.	acadesine	98-103	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	212-217
31830357-7	2020	Gene expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) increased upon the addition of FFAs to the medium and decreased upon treatment with AICAR but not significantly after treatment with T863.	acadesine	123-128	perilipin 2	Felis catus	32-37
31830357-10	2020	The drug AICAR may act as a lipid-lowering compound via decreasing PLIN2 mRNA.	acadesine	9-14	perilipin 2	Felis catus	67-72
31705915-11	2019	AMPKalpha activator AICAR(5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and decreased IL-1beta release and restored impaired insulin signal pathway induced by palmitate.	acadesine	26-81	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	93-98
31705915-11	2019	AMPKalpha activator AICAR(5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and decreased IL-1beta release and restored impaired insulin signal pathway induced by palmitate.	acadesine	26-81	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	137-145
30785783-8	2019	Diabetic rats showed an increase in AICAR-induced AMPK-mediated vasorelaxation and a 2.5-fold elevation of phosphorylated AMPK levels.	acadesine	36-41	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
31662509-6	2019	Central pretreatment with AICAR or compound C eliminated not only leptin-induced gastric sympathoexcitation but also leptin-induced splenic sympathoexcitation.	acadesine	26-31	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
31662509-6	2019	Central pretreatment with AICAR or compound C eliminated not only leptin-induced gastric sympathoexcitation but also leptin-induced splenic sympathoexcitation.	acadesine	26-31	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
31431503-2	2019	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr), a precursor in purine biosynthesis and a well-established activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induces widespread metabolic alterations and is commonly used for dissecting the role of metabolism in cancer.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	126-154
31431503-2	2019	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr), a precursor in purine biosynthesis and a well-established activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induces widespread metabolic alterations and is commonly used for dissecting the role of metabolism in cancer.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
30847932-8	2019	Moreover, AMPK was activated with aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or inhibited by AMPKalpha small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the role of AMPK in the modulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) and autophagy.	acadesine	88-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
31173269-8	2019	Through intrathecal treatment, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP expression levels and increased the 50% PWT; however, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin augmented CGRP expression levels and further reduced the 50% PWT in HF-fed rats, but not LF-fed rats, with or without SNI.	acadesine	50-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
31173269-8	2019	Through intrathecal treatment, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP expression levels and increased the 50% PWT; however, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin augmented CGRP expression levels and further reduced the 50% PWT in HF-fed rats, but not LF-fed rats, with or without SNI.	acadesine	50-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
31173269-8	2019	Through intrathecal treatment, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP expression levels and increased the 50% PWT; however, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin augmented CGRP expression levels and further reduced the 50% PWT in HF-fed rats, but not LF-fed rats, with or without SNI.	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
31173269-8	2019	Through intrathecal treatment, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP expression levels and increased the 50% PWT; however, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin augmented CGRP expression levels and further reduced the 50% PWT in HF-fed rats, but not LF-fed rats, with or without SNI.	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
31431503-2	2019	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr), a precursor in purine biosynthesis and a well-established activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induces widespread metabolic alterations and is commonly used for dissecting the role of metabolism in cancer.	acadesine	0-45	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	47-52
31071567-9	2019	More importantly, AICAR administration led to the significant enhancement of energy metabolism, elevation of AMPK as well as the decreased IL-6 and TNF-alpha in VAT of PM2.5-exposed mice, which suggesting that AMPK activation might attenuate the inflammatory responses in VAT via the inhibition of MAPKs and NFkappaB.	acadesine	18-23	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	139-143
31071567-9	2019	More importantly, AICAR administration led to the significant enhancement of energy metabolism, elevation of AMPK as well as the decreased IL-6 and TNF-alpha in VAT of PM2.5-exposed mice, which suggesting that AMPK activation might attenuate the inflammatory responses in VAT via the inhibition of MAPKs and NFkappaB.	acadesine	18-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	148-157
31693468-7	2019	Preventive administration of the AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside; 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 7 days) in chronic experiments resulted in the stabilization of the endplate structure and abolishment of depolarization of the rat soleus muscle membrane caused by the motor activity cessation.	acadesine	72-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-61
31693468-7	2019	Preventive administration of the AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside; 400 mg/kg body weight daily for 7 days) in chronic experiments resulted in the stabilization of the endplate structure and abolishment of depolarization of the rat soleus muscle membrane caused by the motor activity cessation.	acadesine	79-133	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-61
31079268-8	2019	Increased expressions of phospho-AMPKalpha Thr172 and GLUT1 as well as intracellular ATP level were confirmed in sperm samples equilibrated with 0.5 or 2.0 mM AICAR for 30 min.	acadesine	159-164	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Felis catus	54-59
30724446-8	2019	Furthermore, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside-induced AMPK activation improved VEGF expression in NiCl2 -treated H460 cells significantly.	acadesine	13-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	219-222
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	428-431
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	436-453
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	66-120	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	455-463
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
30914305-7	2019	Chronic AICAR treatment suppressed the prolonged immobility of OBX mice in the TST and FST, and increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PKCzeta, NF-kappaB, CREB, and BDNF.	acadesine	8-13	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	141-148
30914305-7	2019	Chronic AICAR treatment suppressed the prolonged immobility of OBX mice in the TST and FST, and increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PKCzeta, NF-kappaB, CREB, and BDNF.	acadesine	8-13	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	150-159
30914305-7	2019	Chronic AICAR treatment suppressed the prolonged immobility of OBX mice in the TST and FST, and increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PKCzeta, NF-kappaB, CREB, and BDNF.	acadesine	8-13	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	161-165
30914305-7	2019	Chronic AICAR treatment suppressed the prolonged immobility of OBX mice in the TST and FST, and increased the levels of phosphorylated AMPK, PKCzeta, NF-kappaB, CREB, and BDNF.	acadesine	8-13	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	171-175
30914305-9	2019	Co-administration of AICAR with the PKCzeta inhibitor or the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB) antagonist, ANA-12, inhibited these effects.	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	36-43
30914305-9	2019	Co-administration of AICAR with the PKCzeta inhibitor or the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB) antagonist, ANA-12, inhibited these effects.	acadesine	21-26	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	61-105
30914305-9	2019	Co-administration of AICAR with the PKCzeta inhibitor or the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB) antagonist, ANA-12, inhibited these effects.	acadesine	21-26	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	107-111
30914305-10	2019	Phosphorylated AMPK was detected in mature and immature hippocampal neurons and microglia, while phosphorylated NF-kappaB was detected only in neurons in AICAR-treated OBX mice.	acadesine	154-159	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	112-121
30724446-8	2019	Furthermore, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside-induced AMPK activation improved VEGF expression in NiCl2 -treated H460 cells significantly.	acadesine	13-58	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	92-96
31008492-3	2019	The commonly used AMPK activators include 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and A-769662.	acadesine	89-94	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
30779249-4	2019	To further understand the regulation of miRNAs in the immature boar SC proliferation, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was added to activate AMPK.	acadesine	86-140	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	171-175
30856534-8	2019	Moreover, the AICAR-treated group showed decreased expression of IB4 and VEGF as compared to the control group.	acadesine	14-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	73-77
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	219-222
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	236-239
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	428-431
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	436-453
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	122-127	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	455-463
31118410-5	2019	We further found that sustained treatment with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but not the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, significantly alleviated UA-induced reductions in NKA activity and NKA alpha1 subunit expression on the cell membrane by reducing NKA degradation in lysosomes; sustained AICAR treatment also significantly alleviated activation of the NKA downstream molecules Src and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in PTECs.	acadesine	339-344	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
30987073-2	2019	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, has demonstrated antitumor activities for several types of cancers.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	68-96
30987073-2	2019	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, has demonstrated antitumor activities for several types of cancers.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
30987073-2	2019	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, has demonstrated antitumor activities for several types of cancers.	acadesine	7-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	68-96
30987073-2	2019	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, has demonstrated antitumor activities for several types of cancers.	acadesine	7-62	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
30987073-9	2019	In addition, our results demonstrated that AICAR induces apoptosis, attenuates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced cell migration, invasion and EMT-related protein expression, and enhances the chemosensitivity to docetaxel in prostate cancer cells through regulating the AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway.	acadesine	43-48	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	281-285
30987073-9	2019	In addition, our results demonstrated that AICAR induces apoptosis, attenuates transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced cell migration, invasion and EMT-related protein expression, and enhances the chemosensitivity to docetaxel in prostate cancer cells through regulating the AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway.	acadesine	43-48	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	286-290
30779249-4	2019	To further understand the regulation of miRNAs in the immature boar SC proliferation, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was added to activate AMPK.	acadesine	142-147	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	171-175
30721324-0	2019	AMPK agonist AICAR ameliorates portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis via NO pathway in the BDL rat model.	acadesine	13-18	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
29788824-8	2019	RESULTS: Resveratrol and AICAR increased AMPK phosphorylation in human placental explants.	acadesine	25-30	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
29788824-15	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Activation of AMPK in the human placenta leads to global downregulation of metabolism, with mitotoxicity induced at the doses of resveratrol and AICAR used to activate AMPK.	acadesine	158-163	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
29788824-15	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Activation of AMPK in the human placenta leads to global downregulation of metabolism, with mitotoxicity induced at the doses of resveratrol and AICAR used to activate AMPK.	acadesine	158-163	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	181-185
30721324-3	2019	This study aimed to explore the therapeutic value of AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside), an agonist of the AMPK pathway, on liver fibrosis and portal hypertension in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats.	acadesine	53-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
30230919-2	2018	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine analog, is a standard positive control for AMPK activation in cell-based assays.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
29623826-7	2019	AMP, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside) and A769662 are important activators of AMPK which have potential therapeutic importance in diabetes and diabetic complications.	acadesine	46-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
30532069-3	2019	MTHFD2 knockdown greatly reduced tumorigenesis and stem-like properties, which were associated with purine nucleotide deficiency, and caused marked accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)-the final intermediate of the purine synthesis pathway.	acadesine	209-214	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-6
30532069-7	2019	Thus, MTHFD2-mediated mitochondrial 1C metabolism appears critical for cancer stem-like properties and resistance to drugs including gefitinib through consumption of AICAR, leading to depletion of the intracellular pool of AICAR.	acadesine	166-171	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	6-12
30532069-7	2019	Thus, MTHFD2-mediated mitochondrial 1C metabolism appears critical for cancer stem-like properties and resistance to drugs including gefitinib through consumption of AICAR, leading to depletion of the intracellular pool of AICAR.	acadesine	223-228	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	6-12
30468782-8	2019	Similarly, we demonstrated that a commonly used AMPK agonist 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) starvation, as a common model for energy stress, both led to Ampkalpha-independent metabolism alterations in MEF cells.	acadesine	108-113	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
30478173-6	2019	Overexpression of karyopherin-beta Kap123, one of the ZMP-specific binders, partially rescued AICAR toxicity.	acadesine	94-99	Kap123p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	35-41
30230919-2	2018	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine analog, is a standard positive control for AMPK activation in cell-based assays.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
30230919-5	2018	In nucleoside-free media, AICAR stimulated AMPK activation, increased glucose uptake, and suppressed cell proliferation.	acadesine	26-31	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
30230919-8	2018	MEMalpha with nucleosides blocked AICAR-stimulated AMPK activation even in the presence of methotrexate, which normally markedly enhances AICAR action by reducing its intracellular clearance.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	38-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	38-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	38-91	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	187-192
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	38-91	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	240-245
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	93-98	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	93-98	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	134-138
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	93-98	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	187-192
30632675-5	2018	However, pretreatment of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) at the beginning of CPB activated AMPK, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt substrate 160 (AS160), and increased myocardial membrane content of GLUT4.	acadesine	93-98	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	240-245
29982462-5	2018	Chronic pharmacological activation of AMPK signaling in DM1 mice with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has multiple beneficial effects on the DM1 phenotype.	acadesine	70-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
30253109-3	2018	Previous studies, which largely employed the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), suggest an antilipolytic role of AMPK in adipocytes.	acadesine	60-114	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	157-161
30253109-3	2018	Previous studies, which largely employed the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), suggest an antilipolytic role of AMPK in adipocytes.	acadesine	116-121	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	157-161
29688769-2	2018	The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) interferes with inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms are undefined.	acadesine	75-80	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
30251691-9	2018	The protective effect of NaHS or ALA was attenuated by rapamycin (an autophagy activator), 5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (an AMPK activator) or PPG.	acadesine	91-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	150-154
29982462-5	2018	Chronic pharmacological activation of AMPK signaling in DM1 mice with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has multiple beneficial effects on the DM1 phenotype.	acadesine	126-131	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
30180452-12	2018	The cytotoxic effects of hIAPP were significantly attenuated by co-treatment with AICAR (P<0.05).	acadesine	82-87	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-30
30107094-2	2018	Rapamycin as mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR) as AMPK activator are used separately to treat cancer patients.	acadesine	57-96	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	98-103
29773845-1	2018	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an established pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-54	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	56-61
30015901-12	2018	Upregulation of autophagy by AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside decreased ROS and malondialdehyde generation, whereas inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine and AMPK inhibitor compound C aggravated hIAPP-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in INS-1 cells.	acadesine	44-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
30021848-5	2018	First, heart failure was induced in mice by 4 weeks of pressure overload; AMPK activation was subsequently induced by injecting 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribonucleotide (AICAR) after the establishment of chronic heart failure.	acadesine	184-189	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
30002135-2	2018	Surprisingly, we found that, in beta-cells, the AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited, rather than stimulated, autophagy.	acadesine	63-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
30002135-2	2018	Surprisingly, we found that, in beta-cells, the AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited, rather than stimulated, autophagy.	acadesine	110-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
29844217-3	2018	Here we show that the AMPK agonist AICAR suppresses IFNgamma/TNFalpha-induced atrophy, while the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin does not.	acadesine	35-40	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	52-60
29844217-3	2018	Here we show that the AMPK agonist AICAR suppresses IFNgamma/TNFalpha-induced atrophy, while the mitochondrial inhibitor metformin does not.	acadesine	35-40	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-69
29546577-1	2018	AIMS: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an endogenous activator of AMPK, a central regulator of energy homeostasis.	acadesine	6-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
29546577-1	2018	AIMS: 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an endogenous activator of AMPK, a central regulator of energy homeostasis.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
29773845-1	2018	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an established pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	110-138
29773845-1	2018	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an established pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
29748634-12	2018	AMPK activation by 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) ameliorated metabolite- or PINK-1-induced neurotoxicity; however, it enhanced neurotoxicity under normal conditions.	acadesine	61-66	Serine/threonine-protein kinase pink-1, mitochondrial	Caenorhabditis elegans	95-101
29278707-10	2018	RESULTS: In our study, metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is an analog of adenosine monophosphate, were shown to suppress alpha-SMA expression via enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of succinate-GPR91 signaling in activated LX-2 cells induced by palmitate- or succinate.	acadesine	37-91	succinate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	288-293
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	27-83	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	226-258
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	27-83	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	260-266
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	27-83	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	346-351
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	27-83	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	396-402
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	85-90	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	226-258
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	85-90	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	260-266
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	85-90	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	346-351
29448096-5	2018	However, co-treatment with N1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression.	acadesine	85-90	hypoxia up-regulated 1	Homo sapiens	396-402
29175208-8	2018	The decrease of synaptopodin expression and reorganized stress fibers observed in ACACB overexpressing cells cultured under high glucose conditions was reversed by a treatment of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	235-240	synaptopodin	Mus musculus	16-28
29175208-8	2018	The decrease of synaptopodin expression and reorganized stress fibers observed in ACACB overexpressing cells cultured under high glucose conditions was reversed by a treatment of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	235-240	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	82-87
29229115-8	2018	Cytokine-induced iNOS expression was increased by AMPK activators 1-oxo-2-(2H-pyrrolium-1-yl)-1H-inden-3-olate, AMPK signaling activator III and AICA-riboside.	acadesine	145-158	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
29229115-8	2018	Cytokine-induced iNOS expression was increased by AMPK activators 1-oxo-2-(2H-pyrrolium-1-yl)-1H-inden-3-olate, AMPK signaling activator III and AICA-riboside.	acadesine	145-158	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
29229115-8	2018	Cytokine-induced iNOS expression was increased by AMPK activators 1-oxo-2-(2H-pyrrolium-1-yl)-1H-inden-3-olate, AMPK signaling activator III and AICA-riboside.	acadesine	145-158	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
29460119-8	2018	Furthermore, the specific AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-D-ribofuranoside) mimicked the effects of Curcumin, whereas a selective AMPK inhibitor Compound C (also called dorsomorphin) partially blocked its function.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
29348175-6	2018	Under high-glucose conditions, pharmacological activation of AMPK in isolated mouse islets or MIN6 cells by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside decreased MafA protein levels and mRNA expression of insulin and GSIS-related genes (i.e. glut2 and sur1).	acadesine	121-160	v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family, protein A (avian)	Mus musculus	171-175
29348175-6	2018	Under high-glucose conditions, pharmacological activation of AMPK in isolated mouse islets or MIN6 cells by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside decreased MafA protein levels and mRNA expression of insulin and GSIS-related genes (i.e. glut2 and sur1).	acadesine	121-160	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	251-256
29348175-6	2018	Under high-glucose conditions, pharmacological activation of AMPK in isolated mouse islets or MIN6 cells by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside decreased MafA protein levels and mRNA expression of insulin and GSIS-related genes (i.e. glut2 and sur1).	acadesine	121-160	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 8	Mus musculus	261-265
29278707-10	2018	RESULTS: In our study, metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is an analog of adenosine monophosphate, were shown to suppress alpha-SMA expression via enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of succinate-GPR91 signaling in activated LX-2 cells induced by palmitate- or succinate.	acadesine	93-98	succinate receptor 1	Homo sapiens	288-293
28556920-0	2017	AMPK activator acadesine fails to alleviate isoniazid-caused mitochondrial instability in HepG2 cells.	acadesine	15-24	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
30381640-6	2018	Interestingly, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, suppresses TNF-alpha-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation at 636/639 and the phosphorylation of ERK by enhancing interactions between ERK and dual-specificity phosphatase-9.	acadesine	15-69	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-134
30381640-6	2018	Interestingly, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, suppresses TNF-alpha-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation at 636/639 and the phosphorylation of ERK by enhancing interactions between ERK and dual-specificity phosphatase-9.	acadesine	15-69	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
30381640-6	2018	Interestingly, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, suppresses TNF-alpha-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation at 636/639 and the phosphorylation of ERK by enhancing interactions between ERK and dual-specificity phosphatase-9.	acadesine	15-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	210-213
30381640-6	2018	Interestingly, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, suppresses TNF-alpha-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation at 636/639 and the phosphorylation of ERK by enhancing interactions between ERK and dual-specificity phosphatase-9.	acadesine	15-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	248-251
30381640-6	2018	Interestingly, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, suppresses TNF-alpha-induced IRS-1 serine phosphorylation at 636/639 and the phosphorylation of ERK by enhancing interactions between ERK and dual-specificity phosphatase-9.	acadesine	15-69	dual specificity phosphatase 9	Homo sapiens	256-286
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-74
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	134-139
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	145-172
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	174-183
29247196-3	2017	The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induction of complement factor B (CFB) in RPE cells.	acadesine	93-132	complement factor B	Homo sapiens	198-217
29032594-1	2017	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), is a naturally occurring substance which is part to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List.	acadesine	7-61	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
29241574-9	2017	In fact, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor dorsomorphin reduced LAT1 mRNA levels in the absence of glucose, whereas the AMPK activator 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside increased LAT1 mRNA levels even in the presence of glucose.	acadesine	151-205	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 5	Mus musculus	216-220
28975042-3	2017	Our previous study demonstrated that AICAR alone induced AMPK-independent expression of differentiation markers in monocytic U937 leukemia cells, and no such effects were observed in response to metformin.	acadesine	37-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
28556920-5	2017	In this study, we showed that AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) alleviated INH-caused impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1 alpha) pathway in HepG2 cells.	acadesine	45-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	30-34
28556920-5	2017	In this study, we showed that AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) alleviated INH-caused impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1 alpha) pathway in HepG2 cells.	acadesine	45-54	PPARGC1A	Sus scrofa	193-260
28556920-5	2017	In this study, we showed that AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) alleviated INH-caused impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by activation of silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (SIRT1)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1 alpha) pathway in HepG2 cells.	acadesine	45-54	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	262-272
28407446-1	2017	Acadesine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, commonly known as AICAR, is a naturally occurring adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator in many mammals, including humans and horses.	acadesine	0-9	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	85-90
28407446-1	2017	Acadesine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, commonly known as AICAR, is a naturally occurring adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator in many mammals, including humans and horses.	acadesine	11-65	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	85-90
28619845-0	2017	The prohibitin-binding compound fluorizoline induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells through the upregulation of NOXA and synergizes with ibrutinib, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or venetoclax.	acadesine	165-204	prohibitin 1	Homo sapiens	4-14
28978086-6	2017	In contrast, either autophagy activator rapamycin or AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) compromised OA-induced anti-cancer effect.	acadesine	68-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
28719670-4	2017	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a potent activator of AMPK, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha and TGF-beta2-induced cellular aggregate formation (p < 0.01).	acadesine	0-54	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	56-61
28719670-4	2017	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a potent activator of AMPK, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha and TGF-beta2-induced cellular aggregate formation (p < 0.01).	acadesine	0-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-126
28719670-4	2017	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a potent activator of AMPK, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha and TGF-beta2-induced cellular aggregate formation (p < 0.01).	acadesine	0-54	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	131-140
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	23-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	90-118
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	23-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	23-77	D-dopachrome tautomerase	Homo sapiens	190-193
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	79-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	90-118
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	79-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
28445821-4	2017	Several derivatives of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, were identified as transcriptional activators of the DDT gene.	acadesine	79-84	D-dopachrome tautomerase	Homo sapiens	190-193
27928820-2	2017	Here, by proteomic analysis, we found that expression of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) was induced by the AMP analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells.	acadesine	121-175	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	84-89
28008135-5	2017	Activation of AMPK in primary human endothelial cells by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) led to GFAT1 phosphorylation at serine 243.	acadesine	57-96	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
28008135-5	2017	Activation of AMPK in primary human endothelial cells by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) led to GFAT1 phosphorylation at serine 243.	acadesine	57-96	glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
28008135-5	2017	Activation of AMPK in primary human endothelial cells by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) led to GFAT1 phosphorylation at serine 243.	acadesine	98-103	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
28008135-5	2017	Activation of AMPK in primary human endothelial cells by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) led to GFAT1 phosphorylation at serine 243.	acadesine	98-103	glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
28720775-8	2017	Another AMPK agonist, 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide partially blocked TGF-beta1-induced EMT.	acadesine	22-76	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	95-104
28494020-9	2017	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, reduced mDP cell proliferation and induced p21 expression.	acadesine	0-45	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	120-123
28494020-9	2017	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, reduced mDP cell proliferation and induced p21 expression.	acadesine	47-52	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	120-123
27656952-3	2017	Effects of activation of AMPK by aminomidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) on lipolysis in the rat adipocytes were determined in the presence of 3 or 12 mM glucose.	acadesine	77-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
27656952-8	2017	Similar effects of AICAR were observed in the presence of 3 and 12 mM glucose, which indicates that the AMPK system is operative at high glucose concentrations.	acadesine	19-24	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
28068384-7	2017	Importantly, hypoxia-activated mTORC1 was accompanied by the AMPK downregulation, and we found that the AMPK pathway activators Metformin (Met) and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) decreased the mTORC1 activity, cell motility and lateral migration.	acadesine	148-202	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	31-37
28068384-7	2017	Importantly, hypoxia-activated mTORC1 was accompanied by the AMPK downregulation, and we found that the AMPK pathway activators Metformin (Met) and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) decreased the mTORC1 activity, cell motility and lateral migration.	acadesine	148-202	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	225-231
28068384-7	2017	Importantly, hypoxia-activated mTORC1 was accompanied by the AMPK downregulation, and we found that the AMPK pathway activators Metformin (Met) and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) decreased the mTORC1 activity, cell motility and lateral migration.	acadesine	204-209	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	31-37
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	45-90	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	45-90	FA complementation group D2	Homo sapiens	156-162
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	45-90	FA complementation group D2	Homo sapiens	188-194
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	92-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	92-97	FA complementation group D2	Homo sapiens	156-162
28174693-4	2017	Among the treatments tested, AMPK-activating 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced monoubiquitination and nuclear foci formation of FANCD2, which are biomarkers of FANCD2 activation.	acadesine	92-97	FA complementation group D2	Homo sapiens	188-194
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	7-46	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	7-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	67-95
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	7-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	50-59	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	50-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	67-95
27847321-1	2017	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, its activity in human gallbladder cancer cells was evaluated here.	acadesine	50-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	102-107	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	102-107	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-55
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	102-107	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	109-148	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	109-148	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-55
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	109-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	152-161	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
28683454-9	2017	The negative regulation loop between TLR4 and PPARgamma response to LPS was modulated by AMPK agonist AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) or A769662.	acadesine	152-161	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	46-55
27242267-7	2016	Furthermore, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside mimicked the effect of beta-LAP by increasing Akt phosphorylation and ARE-mediated transcription, suggesting that AMPK plays a pivotal role in beta-LAP-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression.	acadesine	32-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
27657826-3	2016	5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) is an agonist of AMPK.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
27657826-3	2016	5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) is an agonist of AMPK.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
27657826-10	2016	These data suggested that fenoterol inhibited AICAR-induced AMPK activation and TNF-alpha release through beta-arrestin-2 in THP-1 cells.	acadesine	46-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
27657826-10	2016	These data suggested that fenoterol inhibited AICAR-induced AMPK activation and TNF-alpha release through beta-arrestin-2 in THP-1 cells.	acadesine	46-51	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	106-121
27534994-6	2016	Here we found that short-term AMPK activation by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 75 min) in kidney tissue prevented baseline AQP2 apical accumulation in principal cells, but did not prevent AQP2 apical accumulation in response to the AVP analog desmopressin (dDAVP).	acadesine	64-118	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	30-34
27534994-6	2016	Here we found that short-term AMPK activation by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 75 min) in kidney tissue prevented baseline AQP2 apical accumulation in principal cells, but did not prevent AQP2 apical accumulation in response to the AVP analog desmopressin (dDAVP).	acadesine	64-118	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	171-175
27534994-6	2016	Here we found that short-term AMPK activation by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 75 min) in kidney tissue prevented baseline AQP2 apical accumulation in principal cells, but did not prevent AQP2 apical accumulation in response to the AVP analog desmopressin (dDAVP).	acadesine	120-125	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	30-34
27534994-6	2016	Here we found that short-term AMPK activation by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 75 min) in kidney tissue prevented baseline AQP2 apical accumulation in principal cells, but did not prevent AQP2 apical accumulation in response to the AVP analog desmopressin (dDAVP).	acadesine	120-125	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	171-175
27534994-6	2016	Here we found that short-term AMPK activation by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 75 min) in kidney tissue prevented baseline AQP2 apical accumulation in principal cells, but did not prevent AQP2 apical accumulation in response to the AVP analog desmopressin (dDAVP).	acadesine	120-125	aquaporin 2	Mus musculus	236-240
27577855-9	2016	Strikingly, dual treatment with 991 and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or 991 and contraction profoundly enhanced AMPKgamma1/gamma3 complex activation and glucose transport compared with any of the single treatments.	acadesine	40-79	protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 1 non-catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	123-133
26446934-1	2016	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) has an important role in the regulation of the cellular metabolism showing a broad spectrum of therapeutic activities against different metabolic processes.	acadesine	0-39	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	41-46
27379837-8	2016	Increasing AMPK activity after injury using the drugs 5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide or metformin did not affect spatial learning, but significantly improved spatial memory.	acadesine	54-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
27706018-2	2016	We found that AICAR or metformin acts as a regulator of LPS/NF-kappaB-or hypoxia/NF-kappaB-mediated cyclooxygenase induction by an AMPK-dependent mechanism with interactions between p65-NF-kappaB phosphorylation and acetylation, including in a human bladder cancer cell line (T24).	acadesine	14-19	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	60-80
27928820-2	2017	Here, by proteomic analysis, we found that expression of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) was induced by the AMP analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside in palmitate-induced insulin-resistant cells.	acadesine	121-175	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	57-82
27170207-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, modulates these adipocytokine productions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-treated adipocytes.	acadesine	47-101	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	103-108
27170207-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, modulates these adipocytokine productions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-treated adipocytes.	acadesine	47-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	114-162
27170207-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, modulates these adipocytokine productions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-treated adipocytes.	acadesine	47-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
27170207-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, modulates these adipocytokine productions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-treated adipocytes.	acadesine	47-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	226-253
27170207-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, modulates these adipocytokine productions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-treated adipocytes.	acadesine	47-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	255-263
27521792-4	2016	The results showed that activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II).	acadesine	48-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
27521792-4	2016	The results showed that activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II).	acadesine	48-93	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	95-100
27521792-4	2016	The results showed that activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II).	acadesine	48-93	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	150-164
27521792-4	2016	The results showed that activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II).	acadesine	48-93	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	166-172
27062501-4	2016	AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated Kv 1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non-additive with respect to Kv 1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons.	acadesine	19-58	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27062501-4	2016	AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated Kv 1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non-additive with respect to Kv 1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons.	acadesine	19-58	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	86-92
27062501-10	2016	Myocyte Kv currents were also markedly inhibited upon AMPK activation by A769662, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and C13 and by intracellular dialysis from a patch-pipette of activated (thiophosphorylated) recombinant AMPK heterotrimers (alpha2beta2gamma1 or alpha1beta1gamma1).	acadesine	82-121	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
27562249-5	2016	In a setting of hypoxia-potentiated inflammation induced by SFA palmitate, we found that the AMP-mimetic AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) potently suppressed upregulation of ER stress marker mRNAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines.	acadesine	120-174	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
27562249-5	2016	In a setting of hypoxia-potentiated inflammation induced by SFA palmitate, we found that the AMP-mimetic AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) potently suppressed upregulation of ER stress marker mRNAs and pro-inflammatory cytokines.	acadesine	120-174	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	176-181
27242267-7	2016	Furthermore, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside mimicked the effect of beta-LAP by increasing Akt phosphorylation and ARE-mediated transcription, suggesting that AMPK plays a pivotal role in beta-LAP-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression.	acadesine	32-86	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
27242267-7	2016	Furthermore, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside mimicked the effect of beta-LAP by increasing Akt phosphorylation and ARE-mediated transcription, suggesting that AMPK plays a pivotal role in beta-LAP-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression.	acadesine	32-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
27467214-8	2016	Finally, C2C12, but not HEPG2 cells, incubated at different concentrations of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for 3-h, showed increased expression of IDE.	acadesine	78-132	insulin degrading enzyme	Homo sapiens	181-184
27453548-10	2016	In contrast, activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside weakened the effects of Sesn2 siRNA.	acadesine	37-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
27453548-10	2016	In contrast, activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside weakened the effects of Sesn2 siRNA.	acadesine	37-77	sestrin 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
27121619-4	2016	This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, on various aspects of thyroid cancer cell behavior, including cell survival, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the human thyroid cancer cell lines BCPAP and TPC-1.	acadesine	47-92	two pore segment channel 1	Homo sapiens	327-332
27103440-1	2016	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, which induces cytotoxic effect to several cancer cells.	acadesine	7-46	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
27103440-1	2016	AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, which induces cytotoxic effect to several cancer cells.	acadesine	50-59	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	0-5
27121619-4	2016	This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, on various aspects of thyroid cancer cell behavior, including cell survival, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in the human thyroid cancer cell lines BCPAP and TPC-1.	acadesine	94-99	two pore segment channel 1	Homo sapiens	327-332
27121619-13	2016	AICAR induced a significant reduction of N-cadherin and no changes in the expression of vimentin or TCF/Zeb1 protein in BCPAP cells.	acadesine	0-5	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	41-51
26590300-2	2016	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-beta-D-ribofranoside (AICAR) is a chemical activator of AMPK.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
26987443-6	2016	Finally, we find that the cell permeable agent and AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC), abolishes furanodiene-induced anticancer activity in these MCF-7/DOX(R) cells, with regard to cell growth inhibition and AMPK activation; in contrast, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside, acadesine), an AMPK activator, augments furanodiene-induced anticancer activity.	acadesine	234-239	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
26987443-6	2016	Finally, we find that the cell permeable agent and AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC), abolishes furanodiene-induced anticancer activity in these MCF-7/DOX(R) cells, with regard to cell growth inhibition and AMPK activation; in contrast, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside, acadesine), an AMPK activator, augments furanodiene-induced anticancer activity.	acadesine	297-306	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
26997114-9	2016	Pretreatment of GLP-1 reversed AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR)-induced apoptosis, and suppressed prolonged AMPK activation.	acadesine	46-85	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	16-21
26997114-9	2016	Pretreatment of GLP-1 reversed AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR)-induced apoptosis, and suppressed prolonged AMPK activation.	acadesine	46-85	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
26997114-9	2016	Pretreatment of GLP-1 reversed AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR)-induced apoptosis, and suppressed prolonged AMPK activation.	acadesine	87-92	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	16-21
26997114-9	2016	Pretreatment of GLP-1 reversed AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR)-induced apoptosis, and suppressed prolonged AMPK activation.	acadesine	87-92	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
26391395-1	2015	The key sensor of energy status in mammalian cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can also be activated by the AMP analog aminoimidazolecarboxamide nucleoside monophosphate (ZMP) generated directly from aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or from inhibition of purine synthesis by the antifolate pemetrexed (PTX), a drug used extensively in the treatment of lung cancers.	acadesine	210-250	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	52-80
26614120-11	2016	Consistently, pharmacological AMPK activation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) in mouse muscle did not affect the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio.	acadesine	51-90	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
26614120-11	2016	Consistently, pharmacological AMPK activation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) in mouse muscle did not affect the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio.	acadesine	92-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
26506235-1	2016	We analyzed the mechanism underlying 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) mediated apoptosis in LKB1-null non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.	acadesine	37-76	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	107-111
26506235-1	2016	We analyzed the mechanism underlying 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) mediated apoptosis in LKB1-null non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.	acadesine	78-83	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	107-111
26506235-6	2016	Furthermore, ectopic expression of LKB1 was capable of attenuating AICAR-induced death in AMPK-null cells.	acadesine	67-72	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	35-39
27069536-9	2016	The results demonstrated salidroside as well as AICAR might inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via AMPKalpha1-P53-P27/P21 pathway and reverse apoptosis resistance via AMPKalpha1-P53-Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 9-caspase 3 pathway.	acadesine	48-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
27069536-9	2016	The results demonstrated salidroside as well as AICAR might inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via AMPKalpha1-P53-P27/P21 pathway and reverse apoptosis resistance via AMPKalpha1-P53-Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 9-caspase 3 pathway.	acadesine	48-53	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
27069536-9	2016	The results demonstrated salidroside as well as AICAR might inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via AMPKalpha1-P53-P27/P21 pathway and reverse apoptosis resistance via AMPKalpha1-P53-Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 9-caspase 3 pathway.	acadesine	48-53	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
27069536-9	2016	The results demonstrated salidroside as well as AICAR might inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via AMPKalpha1-P53-P27/P21 pathway and reverse apoptosis resistance via AMPKalpha1-P53-Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 9-caspase 3 pathway.	acadesine	48-53	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
27069536-9	2016	The results demonstrated salidroside as well as AICAR might inhibit chronic hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via AMPKalpha1-P53-P27/P21 pathway and reverse apoptosis resistance via AMPKalpha1-P53-Bax/Bcl-2-caspase 9-caspase 3 pathway.	acadesine	48-53	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
26483453-6	2015	Indeed, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or salicylate increased nNOS S1412 phosphorylation and was sufficient to enhance NO production in mdx cardiomyocytes.	acadesine	32-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
26483453-6	2015	Indeed, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or salicylate increased nNOS S1412 phosphorylation and was sufficient to enhance NO production in mdx cardiomyocytes.	acadesine	32-71	nitric oxide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
26494902-7	2016	Moreover, combinatorial drug treatment using both heparin and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), the latter targeting 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the transcriptional activation of utrophin A, caused an additive effect on utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle.	acadesine	103-108	utrophin	Mus musculus	222-230
26494902-7	2016	Moreover, combinatorial drug treatment using both heparin and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), the latter targeting 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the transcriptional activation of utrophin A, caused an additive effect on utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle.	acadesine	103-108	utrophin	Mus musculus	263-271
26494902-8	2016	These findings establish that heparin is a relevant therapeutic agent for treating DMD, and illustrate that combinatorial treatment of heparin with AICAR may serve as an effective strategy to further increase utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle via activation of distinct signaling pathways.	acadesine	148-153	utrophin	Mus musculus	209-217
26397839-3	2015	In the present study, we found that 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a well-known activator of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), downregulated the protein and mRNA levels of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1alpha) in breast cancer MCF7 cells.	acadesine	92-97	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	261-269
26391395-1	2015	The key sensor of energy status in mammalian cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can also be activated by the AMP analog aminoimidazolecarboxamide nucleoside monophosphate (ZMP) generated directly from aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or from inhibition of purine synthesis by the antifolate pemetrexed (PTX), a drug used extensively in the treatment of lung cancers.	acadesine	210-250	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
26391395-1	2015	The key sensor of energy status in mammalian cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can also be activated by the AMP analog aminoimidazolecarboxamide nucleoside monophosphate (ZMP) generated directly from aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or from inhibition of purine synthesis by the antifolate pemetrexed (PTX), a drug used extensively in the treatment of lung cancers.	acadesine	252-257	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	52-80
26391395-1	2015	The key sensor of energy status in mammalian cells, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), can also be activated by the AMP analog aminoimidazolecarboxamide nucleoside monophosphate (ZMP) generated directly from aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or from inhibition of purine synthesis by the antifolate pemetrexed (PTX), a drug used extensively in the treatment of lung cancers.	acadesine	252-257	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
26124049-2	2015	This study investigates the potential effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator on insulin signaling and energy sensing network in insulin resistant rats.	acadesine	101-106	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
26124049-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that AICAR, the AMPK activator, influences insulin signaling proteins and molecules involved in energy modulation during insulin resistance.	acadesine	39-44	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
26435693-2	2015	In the current study, we observed the effects of two well-known AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and metformin, on apoptosis in rat insulinoma INS-1E cells, and further explored their possible mechanisms.	acadesine	80-125	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
26397839-8	2015	Co-treatment with AICAR resulted in increased susceptibility of cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced suppression of their viability and further enhanced paclitaxel-induced FOXO3a phosphorylation.	acadesine	18-23	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	170-176
26239887-9	2015	Similarly, the AMPK agonists 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and resveratrol significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of PGC-1alpha and NRF-2alpha in cultured neurons.	acadesine	29-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
26239887-9	2015	Similarly, the AMPK agonists 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and resveratrol significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of PGC-1alpha and NRF-2alpha in cultured neurons.	acadesine	29-68	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
26239887-9	2015	Similarly, the AMPK agonists 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside and resveratrol significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of PGC-1alpha and NRF-2alpha in cultured neurons.	acadesine	29-68	GA binding protein transcription factor subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
25979627-0	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside-attenuates LPS/D-Gal-induced acute hepatitis in mice.	acadesine	0-54	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	72-75
25979627-3	2015	Our experimental data indicated that treatment with AICAR suppressed the elevation of plasma aminotransferases and alleviated the histopathological abnormalities in mice exposed to LPS/D-Gal.	acadesine	52-57	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Mus musculus	187-190
26110568-7	2015	Targeting Bcl-2 with the selective BH3-mimetic agent ABT-199 sensitized Bcl-2high MCL cells to acadesine.	acadesine	95-104	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	10-15
26110568-9	2015	These findings support the notions that antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate MCL cell sensitivity to acadesine and that the combination of this agent with Bcl-2 inhibitors might be an interesting therapeutic option to treat MCL patients.	acadesine	116-125	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	70-75
26435693-2	2015	In the current study, we observed the effects of two well-known AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and metformin, on apoptosis in rat insulinoma INS-1E cells, and further explored their possible mechanisms.	acadesine	127-132	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
26109067-3	2015	Here, we report that the AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) can activate AMPK in preadipocytes and thus increase the expression of GATA3, an anti-adipogenic factor.	acadesine	65-110	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	112-117
26109067-3	2015	Here, we report that the AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) can activate AMPK in preadipocytes and thus increase the expression of GATA3, an anti-adipogenic factor.	acadesine	65-110	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
26109067-3	2015	Here, we report that the AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) can activate AMPK in preadipocytes and thus increase the expression of GATA3, an anti-adipogenic factor.	acadesine	65-110	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	190-195
26071397-5	2015	Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, metformin, or overexpression of constitutively active AMPK markedly attenuated TGF-beta1 functions.	acadesine	24-78	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	14-18
25778901-13	2015	Treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, an AMPK activator) also provided cytoprotective effects against glucose deprivation.	acadesine	15-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
25791529-6	2015	Application of the AMPK specific activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) mimics the effects of resveratrol on both signaling and AMPAR expression.	acadesine	43-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
25791529-6	2015	Application of the AMPK specific activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) mimics the effects of resveratrol on both signaling and AMPAR expression.	acadesine	99-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
26286955-4	2015	Here we compare the effects of running and administration of AMPK agonist 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 500 mg/kg), for 3, 7 or 14 days in one-month-old male C57BL/6J mice, on muscle AMPK signaling.	acadesine	74-128	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	130-135
26048992-6	2015	AMPK activators (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside and metformin) decreased intracellular GlcCer levels and synthase activity in mouse fibroblasts.	acadesine	17-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
26162096-4	2015	Here we find that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleotide (AICAR) treatment strongly repressed IL-1beta-induced sPLA2 expression at least at the transcriptional level.	acadesine	74-79	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	110-118
26162096-4	2015	Here we find that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleotide (AICAR) treatment strongly repressed IL-1beta-induced sPLA2 expression at least at the transcriptional level.	acadesine	74-79	phospholipase A2 group IIA	Homo sapiens	127-132
25778901-13	2015	Treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, an AMPK activator) also provided cytoprotective effects against glucose deprivation.	acadesine	71-76	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
25822714-5	2015	First, we will show that administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, into the 4th ventricle suppressed pulsatile LH release in female rats.	acadesine	43-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
26110568-0	2015	Bcl-2high mantle cell lymphoma cells are sensitized to acadesine with ABT-199.	acadesine	55-64	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	0-5
26110568-4	2015	VASP phosphorylation by acadesine was concomitant with a blockade of CXCL12-induced migration.	acadesine	24-33	vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-4
26110568-4	2015	VASP phosphorylation by acadesine was concomitant with a blockade of CXCL12-induced migration.	acadesine	24-33	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	69-75
26110568-5	2015	The inhibition of the mTOR cascade by acadesine, committed MCL cells to enter in apoptosis by a translational downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein.	acadesine	38-47	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	22-26
26110568-5	2015	The inhibition of the mTOR cascade by acadesine, committed MCL cells to enter in apoptosis by a translational downregulation of the antiapoptotic Mcl-1 protein.	acadesine	38-47	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	146-151
25822714-8	2015	The Venus-labeled ependymocytes taken from the lower brainstem of transgenic mice revealed that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, increased in vitro intracellular calcium concentrations.	acadesine	115-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
25822714-8	2015	The Venus-labeled ependymocytes taken from the lower brainstem of transgenic mice revealed that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, increased in vitro intracellular calcium concentrations.	acadesine	115-169	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	257-261
26194078-8	2015	In cells treated with the AMPK activator 5-aminoidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), the expression of hepatic SEPP1 and fetuin-A were negatively related by AMPK, which is the target of exendin-4.	acadesine	86-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
26194078-8	2015	In cells treated with the AMPK activator 5-aminoidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), the expression of hepatic SEPP1 and fetuin-A were negatively related by AMPK, which is the target of exendin-4.	acadesine	86-91	selenoprotein P	Homo sapiens	120-125
26194078-8	2015	In cells treated with the AMPK activator 5-aminoidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), the expression of hepatic SEPP1 and fetuin-A were negatively related by AMPK, which is the target of exendin-4.	acadesine	86-91	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	130-138
26194078-8	2015	In cells treated with the AMPK activator 5-aminoidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), the expression of hepatic SEPP1 and fetuin-A were negatively related by AMPK, which is the target of exendin-4.	acadesine	86-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
26020972-1	2015	Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	35-89	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	190-194
26020972-1	2015	Recent studies have suggested that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increases macrophage phagocytosis through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	190-194
26020972-4	2015	AICAR increased phosphorylation of Akt, but the inhibition of PI3K/Akt activity using LY294002 did not affect the AICAR-induced changes in efferocytosis in macrophages.	acadesine	0-5	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	35-38
25711693-2	2015	In the present study, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was used to investigate the potential roles of AMPK in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatitis.	acadesine	41-95	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	181-185
25711693-2	2015	In the present study, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) was used to investigate the potential roles of AMPK in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatitis.	acadesine	97-102	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	181-185
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	52-67
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	69-72
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	92-101
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	103-107
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	109-140
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	142-146
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	186-212
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	214-219
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	222-227
25711693-4	2015	Treatment with AICAR also inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and MMP-9 in mice exposed to CCl4.	acadesine	15-20	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	232-237
25476093-0	2015	Estradiol regulates effects of hindbrain activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside administration on hypothalamic adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity and metabolic neurotransmitter mRNA and protein expression.	acadesine	51-90	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	122-173
25428125-4	2015	Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited high glucose-induced and TGF-beta stimulation of nuclear Smad4.	acadesine	22-76	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
25428125-4	2015	Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited high glucose-induced and TGF-beta stimulation of nuclear Smad4.	acadesine	22-76	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
25428125-4	2015	Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited high glucose-induced and TGF-beta stimulation of nuclear Smad4.	acadesine	78-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
25428125-4	2015	Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited high glucose-induced and TGF-beta stimulation of nuclear Smad4.	acadesine	78-83	SMAD family member 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
25852572-6	2015	Four weeks of daily AICAR injections (500 mg/kg) resulted in AMPK-dependent increases in SIRT3 (p < 0.05) and MnSOD (p < 0.01) in WT, but not AMPK alpha2 KD mice.	acadesine	20-25	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	89-94
25852572-6	2015	Four weeks of daily AICAR injections (500 mg/kg) resulted in AMPK-dependent increases in SIRT3 (p < 0.05) and MnSOD (p < 0.01) in WT, but not AMPK alpha2 KD mice.	acadesine	20-25	superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	113-118
25852572-6	2015	Four weeks of daily AICAR injections (500 mg/kg) resulted in AMPK-dependent increases in SIRT3 (p < 0.05) and MnSOD (p < 0.01) in WT, but not AMPK alpha2 KD mice.	acadesine	20-25	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	148-159
25354528-7	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but treatment with AICAR or other AMPK activators (A769662, phenformin) did not restore ULK1 phosphorylation or autophagosome formation.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
25354528-7	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but treatment with AICAR or other AMPK activators (A769662, phenformin) did not restore ULK1 phosphorylation or autophagosome formation.	acadesine	0-54	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	218-222
25354528-7	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but treatment with AICAR or other AMPK activators (A769662, phenformin) did not restore ULK1 phosphorylation or autophagosome formation.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
25354528-7	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but treatment with AICAR or other AMPK activators (A769662, phenformin) did not restore ULK1 phosphorylation or autophagosome formation.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
25354528-7	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-mediated activation of AMPK phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, but treatment with AICAR or other AMPK activators (A769662, phenformin) did not restore ULK1 phosphorylation or autophagosome formation.	acadesine	56-61	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	218-222
25114075-4	2015	Rats infused with STZ (3 mg/kg, once) were followed by injection of AICAR (AMPK activator) or vehicle via ICV.	acadesine	68-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
26323019-6	2015	However, AICAR also suppresses production of phosphatidic acid (PA), which interacts with mTOR in a manner that is competitive with rapamycin.	acadesine	9-14	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	90-94
25108154-3	2014	Thus, in this study, we focused on the regulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activities implicated in adipocytokine expression and endothelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by using salicylate, metformin, AICA riboside (AICAR) and resveratrol as AMPK activating agents.	acadesine	208-221	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
25653691-8	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an AMPKalpha1-specific small interfering RNA.	acadesine	56-61	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	105-109
25653691-8	2015	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an AMPKalpha1-specific small interfering RNA.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	200-210
25388945-4	2015	Rats were treated with AICAR (1 mg/g body weight/day) for 14 days, resulting in increased expression levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), glucose transporter 4 proteins, and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis.	acadesine	23-28	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	111-149
25388945-4	2015	Rats were treated with AICAR (1 mg/g body weight/day) for 14 days, resulting in increased expression levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), glucose transporter 4 proteins, and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis.	acadesine	23-28	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
25388945-4	2015	Rats were treated with AICAR (1 mg/g body weight/day) for 14 days, resulting in increased expression levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), glucose transporter 4 proteins, and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis.	acadesine	23-28	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	159-226
25388945-4	2015	Rats were treated with AICAR (1 mg/g body weight/day) for 14 days, resulting in increased expression levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), glucose transporter 4 proteins, and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis.	acadesine	23-28	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	68-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	18-46
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	68-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	68-73	cell death inducing DFFA like effector c	Homo sapiens	175-180
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	75-129	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	18-46
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	75-129	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
25315694-4	2014	Here we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation by AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide) or phenformin induced the ubiquitination of FSP27 and promoted its degradation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	75-129	cell death inducing DFFA like effector c	Homo sapiens	175-180
25315694-6	2014	Moreover, AICAR treatment induced multilocularization of LDs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, reminiscent of the morphological changes in cells depleted of FSP27.	acadesine	10-15	cell death inducing DFFA like effector c	Homo sapiens	145-150
25315694-9	2014	Importantly, knockdown of HSC70 by small interference RNA resulted in increased half-life of FSP27 in cells treated with a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) or AICAR.	acadesine	174-179	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8	Homo sapiens	26-31
25315694-9	2014	Importantly, knockdown of HSC70 by small interference RNA resulted in increased half-life of FSP27 in cells treated with a protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) or AICAR.	acadesine	174-179	cell death inducing DFFA like effector c	Homo sapiens	93-98
25108154-3	2014	Thus, in this study, we focused on the regulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activities implicated in adipocytokine expression and endothelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by using salicylate, metformin, AICA riboside (AICAR) and resveratrol as AMPK activating agents.	acadesine	208-221	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
25108154-3	2014	Thus, in this study, we focused on the regulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activities implicated in adipocytokine expression and endothelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by using salicylate, metformin, AICA riboside (AICAR) and resveratrol as AMPK activating agents.	acadesine	223-228	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
25108154-3	2014	Thus, in this study, we focused on the regulation of AMPK and SIRT1 activities implicated in adipocytokine expression and endothelial homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by using salicylate, metformin, AICA riboside (AICAR) and resveratrol as AMPK activating agents.	acadesine	223-228	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
24821673-5	2014	Similar to GPD, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5"-monophosphate (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, augmented UV-induced AMPK phosphorylation to a greater extent than UV treatment alone, resulting in the inhibition of MMP-1 expression.	acadesine	88-93	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	236-241
24913514-5	2014	RESULTS: ACC2 KI mice were resistant to increases in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation elicited by AICAR.	acadesine	102-107	acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase beta	Mus musculus	9-13
25360075-0	2014	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Riboside Induces Apoptosis Through AMP-activated Protein Kinase-independent and NADPH Oxidase-dependent Pathways.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	66-94
25309796-6	2014	The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) suppressed high glucose-induced Vav3 induction.	acadesine	116-121	vav 3 oncogene	Mus musculus	155-159
24472542-10	2014	MIF also diminished glucose transport induced by a maximal dose of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, in the EDL muscle.	acadesine	115-120	macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor)	Mus musculus	0-3
25102273-5	2014	We provided evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) significantly suppressed the increased expression of representative lipogenesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) by FLX, while increased the repressed expression of lipolysis-related genes, carboxylesterases.	acadesine	72-77	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	263-282
25102273-5	2014	We provided evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) significantly suppressed the increased expression of representative lipogenesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) by FLX, while increased the repressed expression of lipolysis-related genes, carboxylesterases.	acadesine	72-77	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	284-287
25102273-5	2014	We provided evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) significantly suppressed the increased expression of representative lipogenesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) by FLX, while increased the repressed expression of lipolysis-related genes, carboxylesterases.	acadesine	79-133	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	263-282
25102273-5	2014	We provided evidence that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) significantly suppressed the increased expression of representative lipogenesis-related genes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) by FLX, while increased the repressed expression of lipolysis-related genes, carboxylesterases.	acadesine	79-133	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	284-287
25045295-0	2014	The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside was mediated by p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway in FRO thyroid cancer cells.	acadesine	14-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	76-79
24760559-0	2014	Determination of 13C/12 C ratios of endogenous urinary 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide 1beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	55-109	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	111-116
24760559-1	2014	RATIONALE: AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1beta-D-ribofuranoside) is prohibited in sport according to rules established by the World Anti-Doping Agency.	acadesine	18-71	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	11-16
24778186-1	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr) is the precursor of the active monophosphate form (AICAR), a small molecule with potent anti-proliferative and low energy mimetic properties.	acadesine	0-54	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	114-119
24778186-1	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr) is the precursor of the active monophosphate form (AICAR), a small molecule with potent anti-proliferative and low energy mimetic properties.	acadesine	56-61	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	114-119
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	104-143	keratin 6A	Homo sapiens	17-20
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	104-143	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	252-256
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	104-143	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	294-297
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	145-150	keratin 6A	Homo sapiens	17-20
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	145-150	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	252-256
25594043-5	2014	Using the paired PC3 and PC3M cells to model progressive androgen-independent PC, treatment with either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or A-769662 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion in both cell lines, and down-regulated mTOR and P70S6Ki levels regardless of the Akt status.	acadesine	145-150	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	294-297
24669186-11	2014	In addition, we also found that pretreatment with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside obviously inhibited TNF-alpha-induced proinflammatory cytokine production.	acadesine	118-172	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	54-102
24669186-11	2014	In addition, we also found that pretreatment with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside obviously inhibited TNF-alpha-induced proinflammatory cytokine production.	acadesine	118-172	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
24669186-11	2014	In addition, we also found that pretreatment with the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside obviously inhibited TNF-alpha-induced proinflammatory cytokine production.	acadesine	118-172	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	193-202
25372736-7	2014	Estradiol reduces DVC AMPK activity after local delivery of the AMP mimic, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside, or cessation of feeding for 12 h but elevates pAMPK expression when these treatments are combined.	acadesine	75-114	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
24388462-7	2014	Our data suggest that the effects of AICAR and exercise on DIR may further increase our understanding on the link between depression and diabetes.	acadesine	37-42	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	Mus musculus	59-62
24915467-1	2014	The activation of the p53 pathway by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a molecule that mimics metabolic stress, is attenuated by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, immunosuppressant, and cancer drug.	acadesine	37-82	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	22-25
24915467-1	2014	The activation of the p53 pathway by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a molecule that mimics metabolic stress, is attenuated by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, immunosuppressant, and cancer drug.	acadesine	37-82	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	84-89
24915467-1	2014	The activation of the p53 pathway by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a molecule that mimics metabolic stress, is attenuated by rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR kinase, immunosuppressant, and cancer drug.	acadesine	37-82	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	177-181
25842853-5	2014	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and Compound C (CC) were used to regulate AMPK activity.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
25842853-5	2014	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and Compound C (CC) were used to regulate AMPK activity.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
24147777-4	2014	In the present paper, we show, by Western blotting and qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), that ACE2 expression is increased under conditions of cell stress, including hypoxic conditions, IL (interleukin)-1beta treatment and treatment with the AMP mimic AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside).	acadesine	253-258	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
24147777-4	2014	In the present paper, we show, by Western blotting and qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), that ACE2 expression is increased under conditions of cell stress, including hypoxic conditions, IL (interleukin)-1beta treatment and treatment with the AMP mimic AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside).	acadesine	260-299	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
24147777-4	2014	In the present paper, we show, by Western blotting and qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), that ACE2 expression is increased under conditions of cell stress, including hypoxic conditions, IL (interleukin)-1beta treatment and treatment with the AMP mimic AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside).	acadesine	260-299	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	187-209
24555415-4	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-95
24555415-4	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
24555415-4	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-95
24555415-4	2014	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
24519895-4	2014	Moreover, acadesine was highly synergistic, both in vitro and in vivo, with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, commonly used in combination therapy for MCL.	acadesine	10-19	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	85-89
24341361-9	2014	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside (AICAR) upregulated SIRT1 expression and increased Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase activity, which could be partially abolished by splitomicin.	acadesine	49-54	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
24289072-5	2013	For this, we incubated thoracic aortic rings, from rats, with AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 500 mumol/L or 2 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of AMPK inhibitor compound C (10 mumol/L).	acadesine	128-133	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	55-109	modifier of curly tail 1	Mus musculus	179-183
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	55-109	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 3	Mus musculus	185-189
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	55-109	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	195-200
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	111-116	modifier of curly tail 1	Mus musculus	179-183
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	111-116	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 3	Mus musculus	185-189
24081524-2	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on MCT1, MCT4, and GLUT4 in denervated muscle.	acadesine	111-116	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	195-200
23587332-7	2013	RESULTS: FcepsilonRI signaling and associated effector functions in BMMCs were suppressed by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and were conversely augmented by siRNA knockdown of AMPKalpha2 or liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK.	acadesine	168-173	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	9-20
23886299-9	2013	Direct exposure of the epitrochlearis muscle to 0.5mmol/L AICAR or 1mmol/L caffeine, which activated p-AMPK increased both MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	58-63	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
23886299-9	2013	Direct exposure of the epitrochlearis muscle to 0.5mmol/L AICAR or 1mmol/L caffeine, which activated p-AMPK increased both MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	58-63	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
23886299-9	2013	Direct exposure of the epitrochlearis muscle to 0.5mmol/L AICAR or 1mmol/L caffeine, which activated p-AMPK increased both MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	58-63	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
23918774-6	2013	To this end, we assessed whether exercise training- or 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR)-mediated increases in skeletal muscle Nampt abundance are AMPK dependent.	acadesine	55-109	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Mus musculus	156-161
23918774-6	2013	To this end, we assessed whether exercise training- or 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR)-mediated increases in skeletal muscle Nampt abundance are AMPK dependent.	acadesine	111-116	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Mus musculus	156-161
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	57-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	57-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	57-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	113-118	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	113-118	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
23876340-4	2013	Treatment of isolated platelets with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in AMPK activation and a decrease in aggregation, which was abolished by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitors compound C (CC) and ara-A.	acadesine	113-118	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
23933835-5	2013	METHODS: We compared protein kinase activities and alterations in lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme levels during activity of the AMPK activators metformin and AICAR, relative to those of an aPKC-iota inhibitor, in hepatocytes from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic human organ donors.	acadesine	161-166	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	131-135
23933835-6	2013	RESULTS: Metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated aPKC at concentrations comparable with those required for AMPK activation.	acadesine	79-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	154-158
23863464-3	2013	Here, we demonstrate that treatment of rabbit isolated, perfused collecting ducts with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited V-ATPase-dependent H(+) secretion from intercalated cells after an acid load.	acadesine	106-160	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
23863464-3	2013	Here, we demonstrate that treatment of rabbit isolated, perfused collecting ducts with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited V-ATPase-dependent H(+) secretion from intercalated cells after an acid load.	acadesine	162-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
23841933-6	2013	Activation of AMPK, which is induced by glucose deprivation, treatment with pharmacological agents such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose, metformin, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside or forced expression of a constitutively active AMPKalpha subunit, counteracts BDNF-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and enhanced protein synthesis in cortical neurons.	acadesine	141-186	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
23587332-7	2013	RESULTS: FcepsilonRI signaling and associated effector functions in BMMCs were suppressed by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and were conversely augmented by siRNA knockdown of AMPKalpha2 or liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK.	acadesine	168-173	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	227-237
23587332-7	2013	RESULTS: FcepsilonRI signaling and associated effector functions in BMMCs were suppressed by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and were conversely augmented by siRNA knockdown of AMPKalpha2 or liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK.	acadesine	168-173	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	241-256
23587332-7	2013	RESULTS: FcepsilonRI signaling and associated effector functions in BMMCs were suppressed by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and were conversely augmented by siRNA knockdown of AMPKalpha2 or liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK.	acadesine	168-173	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	258-262
23667185-10	2013	Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was phosphorylated by AMPK activity induced by VEGF and the AMPK agonist AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide).	acadesine	103-108	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	0-21
23667185-10	2013	Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was phosphorylated by AMPK activity induced by VEGF and the AMPK agonist AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide).	acadesine	103-108	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	23-28
23667185-10	2013	Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was phosphorylated by AMPK activity induced by VEGF and the AMPK agonist AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide).	acadesine	110-164	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	0-21
23667185-10	2013	Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was phosphorylated by AMPK activity induced by VEGF and the AMPK agonist AICAR (5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide).	acadesine	110-164	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	23-28
23531513-2	2013	Here, we investigated how 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), affects PPARgamma during monocyte differentiation.	acadesine	26-65	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	67-72
23723070-5	2013	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), inhibited oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl, which is the major kinase of caveolin-1, and endocytosis of albumin in human umbilical vein endothelial cell.	acadesine	79-84	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	197-207
22890317-0	2013	Aneuploid human colonic epithelial cells are sensitive to AICAR-induced growth inhibition through EGFR degradation.	acadesine	58-63	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	98-102
22890317-8	2013	AICAR-induced depletion of EGFR protein can be abrogated through inhibition of the proteasome with MG132.	acadesine	0-5	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	27-31
22890317-11	2013	Our data collectively support the pharmacological compound AICAR as a novel inhibitor of EGFR protein abundance and as a potential anticancer agent for aneuploidy-driven colorectal cancer.	acadesine	59-64	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	89-93
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	25-79	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
23825033-0	2013	Caudal fourth ventricular administration of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside regulates glucose and counterregulatory hormone profiles, dorsal vagal complex metabolosensory neuron function, and hypothalamic Fos expression.	acadesine	63-102	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
23825033-3	2013	E advanced AICAR-induced increases in A2 phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) expression and in blood glucose levels and was required for augmentation of Fos, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), monocarboxylate transporter-2, and glucose transporter-3 protein in A2 neurons and enhancement of corticosterone secretion by this treatment paradigm.	acadesine	11-16	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
23825033-3	2013	E advanced AICAR-induced increases in A2 phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) expression and in blood glucose levels and was required for augmentation of Fos, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), monocarboxylate transporter-2, and glucose transporter-3 protein in A2 neurons and enhancement of corticosterone secretion by this treatment paradigm.	acadesine	11-16	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
23825033-3	2013	E advanced AICAR-induced increases in A2 phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) expression and in blood glucose levels and was required for augmentation of Fos, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), monocarboxylate transporter-2, and glucose transporter-3 protein in A2 neurons and enhancement of corticosterone secretion by this treatment paradigm.	acadesine	11-16	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-175
23825033-3	2013	E advanced AICAR-induced increases in A2 phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) expression and in blood glucose levels and was required for augmentation of Fos, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), monocarboxylate transporter-2, and glucose transporter-3 protein in A2 neurons and enhancement of corticosterone secretion by this treatment paradigm.	acadesine	11-16	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	178-207
23650203-1	2013	SCOPE: We aimed to study the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) alone and combined with the exercise mimetics adrenaline and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) in the production of IL6, IL15 and Irisin in muscle cells, using a time-sequential model.	acadesine	125-170	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	200-203
23650203-1	2013	SCOPE: We aimed to study the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) alone and combined with the exercise mimetics adrenaline and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) in the production of IL6, IL15 and Irisin in muscle cells, using a time-sequential model.	acadesine	125-170	interleukin 15	Homo sapiens	205-209
23650203-1	2013	SCOPE: We aimed to study the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) alone and combined with the exercise mimetics adrenaline and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) in the production of IL6, IL15 and Irisin in muscle cells, using a time-sequential model.	acadesine	125-170	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Homo sapiens	214-220
23650203-1	2013	SCOPE: We aimed to study the effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) alone and combined with the exercise mimetics adrenaline and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) in the production of IL6, IL15 and Irisin in muscle cells, using a time-sequential model.	acadesine	172-177	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	200-203
23631812-3	2013	We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine.	acadesine	72-77	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	34-39
23631812-3	2013	We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine.	acadesine	79-124	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	34-39
23631812-4	2013	Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdowns of purine metabolic enzymes, we establish that TXNIP induction by AICAR and adenosine requires their cellular uptake and metabolism to adenine nucleotides.	acadesine	122-127	thioredoxin interacting protein	Homo sapiens	103-108
23723070-5	2013	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), inhibited oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl, which is the major kinase of caveolin-1, and endocytosis of albumin in human umbilical vein endothelial cell.	acadesine	79-84	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	146-156
23723070-5	2013	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), inhibited oxidative stress-induced phosphorylation of both caveolin-1 and c-Abl, which is the major kinase of caveolin-1, and endocytosis of albumin in human umbilical vein endothelial cell.	acadesine	79-84	ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	161-166
23531513-2	2013	Here, we investigated how 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), affects PPARgamma during monocyte differentiation.	acadesine	26-65	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	136-145
23349495-5	2013	Restoration of AMPK phosphorylation by administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside in Vasp(-/-) mice reduced hepatic steatosis and normalized fatty acid oxidation and VLDL-TG secretion.	acadesine	57-96	vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein	Mus musculus	100-104
23725555-5	2013	RESULTS: Chronic AMPK activation by AICAR injections resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation in both the C and HF fed animals (C, 5.5+-0.7; C+AICAR, 2.7 +-0.3; HF, 21.8+-3.3; and HF+AICAR, 8.0+-1.8 mg/g liver).	acadesine	36-41	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
23725555-5	2013	RESULTS: Chronic AMPK activation by AICAR injections resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation in both the C and HF fed animals (C, 5.5+-0.7; C+AICAR, 2.7 +-0.3; HF, 21.8+-3.3; and HF+AICAR, 8.0+-1.8 mg/g liver).	acadesine	175-180	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
23725555-5	2013	RESULTS: Chronic AMPK activation by AICAR injections resulted in a significant reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation in both the C and HF fed animals (C, 5.5+-0.7; C+AICAR, 2.7 +-0.3; HF, 21.8+-3.3; and HF+AICAR, 8.0+-1.8 mg/g liver).	acadesine	175-180	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	34-39	xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C	Mus musculus	197-200
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	41-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	41-86	xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group C	Mus musculus	197-200
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	41-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	41-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
22751115-7	2013	AMPK activation by its activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin (N",N"-dimethylbiguanide), the most widely used antidiabetic drug, increased the expression of XPC and UVB-induced DNA repair in mouse skin, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and AMPK wild-type (WT) cells but not in AMPK-deficient cells, indicating an AMPK-dependent mechanism.	acadesine	41-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	285-289
23698161-4	2013	To determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling may also directly regulate UCP3 expression, 5"-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMP analog that activates AMPK, was treated in C(2)C(12) muscle cells.	acadesine	159-164	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
23525626-6	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, also induced HO-1 expression.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	25-79	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	25-79	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	155-184
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	25-79	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	186-191
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	81-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	81-86	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	81-86	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	155-184
23625915-5	2013	Activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) resulted in STIM1 phosphorylation on serine residues and prevented protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1)-induced Ca(2+) entry.	acadesine	81-86	coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Homo sapiens	186-191
23225245-5	2013	In the present study, 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) is used to stimulate I2R while 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is applied to activate AMPK directly.	acadesine	94-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	180-184
23018889-5	2013	Recently, we showed that 8-Cl-cAMP and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) inhibited cancer cell growth through the activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK.	acadesine	39-84	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	86-91
23018889-5	2013	Recently, we showed that 8-Cl-cAMP and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) inhibited cancer cell growth through the activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK.	acadesine	39-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
22704782-5	2013	CLA isomers showed synergistic effects with the AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	120-125	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
23469683-0	2013	Combination therapy with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and arsenic trioxide in acute myeloid leukemia cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway.	acadesine	25-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
23469683-0	2013	Combination therapy with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and arsenic trioxide in acute myeloid leukemia cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway.	acadesine	25-64	TSC complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
23469683-0	2013	Combination therapy with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and arsenic trioxide in acute myeloid leukemia cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway.	acadesine	25-64	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	138-142
23469683-1	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in acute myeloid leukemia cells and determine its mechanism of action.	acadesine	106-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	60-88
23469683-1	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in acute myeloid leukemia cells and determine its mechanism of action.	acadesine	106-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
23469683-1	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in acute myeloid leukemia cells and determine its mechanism of action.	acadesine	147-152	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	60-88
23469683-1	2013	The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in acute myeloid leukemia cells and determine its mechanism of action.	acadesine	147-152	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	90-94
23469683-10	2013	The combination of AICAR and ATO produced a synergistic effect in the treatment of HL-60 cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway, and AICAR reduced ATO-mediated apoptotic death on acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells.	acadesine	19-24	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
23469683-10	2013	The combination of AICAR and ATO produced a synergistic effect in the treatment of HL-60 cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway, and AICAR reduced ATO-mediated apoptotic death on acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells.	acadesine	19-24	TSC complex subunit 2	Homo sapiens	110-114
23469683-10	2013	The combination of AICAR and ATO produced a synergistic effect in the treatment of HL-60 cells involving AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway, and AICAR reduced ATO-mediated apoptotic death on acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells.	acadesine	19-24	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	115-119
23611224-0	2013	[Effect of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in U937 cells].	acadesine	24-69	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
23611224-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of U937 cells and explore its possible mechanism.	acadesine	53-98	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
23611224-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of U937 cells and explore its possible mechanism.	acadesine	100-105	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
23535586-7	2013	Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) mimicked, while inhibition of AMPK with compound C abrogated, the effect of adiponectin on ANG II-induced activation of NADPH oxidase.	acadesine	80-85	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	163-174
23535586-7	2013	Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) mimicked, while inhibition of AMPK with compound C abrogated, the effect of adiponectin on ANG II-induced activation of NADPH oxidase.	acadesine	80-85	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	178-184
23671658-5	2013	A chemical activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, AICAR) increased both basal and PTTH-inhibited AMPK phosphorylation.	acadesine	30-84	prothoracicotropic hormone	Bombyx mori	118-122
23667684-6	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion.	acadesine	51-56	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	62-110
23667684-6	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion.	acadesine	51-56	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
23225245-7	2013	Meanwhile, compound C at concentrations sufficient to inhibit AMPK blocked this increase of glucose uptake by 2-BFI or AICAR.	acadesine	119-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
23417865-4	2013	Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside), a potent AMPK stimulator, would increase circulating VEGF, improve angiogenic potential, decrease oxidative stress, and abrogate placental ischemia-induced hypertension.	acadesine	62-67	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
23616923-9	2013	Increased osteoclast size induced by pyruvate (1 mM above basal levels) was prevented in the presence of AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR).	acadesine	168-173	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
23525626-6	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, also induced HO-1 expression.	acadesine	0-54	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
23116706-0	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside stabilizes low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in hepatocytes via ERK-dependent HuR binding to an AU-rich element.	acadesine	0-45	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	57-89
23116706-0	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside stabilizes low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in hepatocytes via ERK-dependent HuR binding to an AU-rich element.	acadesine	0-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
23116706-0	2013	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside stabilizes low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in hepatocytes via ERK-dependent HuR binding to an AU-rich element.	acadesine	0-45	ELAV like RNA binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
22686561-4	2012	A critical point is that the LKB1/AMPK network remains functional in a wide range of cancers and could be stimulated by drugs, such as N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide (metformin) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	190-244	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	29-33
23076989-11	2013	Finally, we found that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator known to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, markedly stimulates OAT expression, thus representing a possible treatment for a subset of GA patients with hypomorphic alleles.	acadesine	23-68	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	70-75
23076989-11	2013	Finally, we found that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator known to increase mitochondrial biogenesis, markedly stimulates OAT expression, thus representing a possible treatment for a subset of GA patients with hypomorphic alleles.	acadesine	23-68	ornithine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	160-163
23054058-9	2012	The enhancement of catecholamine-induced lipolysis in inguinal and retroperitoneal adipocytes after 8 wk of AICAR treatment was accompanied by increased contents of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and perilipin A in these fat depots.	acadesine	108-113	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-192
23054058-9	2012	The enhancement of catecholamine-induced lipolysis in inguinal and retroperitoneal adipocytes after 8 wk of AICAR treatment was accompanied by increased contents of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and perilipin A in these fat depots.	acadesine	108-113	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
23173578-9	2012	Various drugs have been reported to induce FGF21, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists such as fenofibrate, the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase activators metformin and 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR).	acadesine	324-329	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	43-48
23173578-9	2012	Various drugs have been reported to induce FGF21, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists such as fenofibrate, the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase activators metformin and 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR).	acadesine	324-329	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-108
23173578-9	2012	Various drugs have been reported to induce FGF21, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonists such as fenofibrate, the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase activators metformin and 5-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR).	acadesine	324-329	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	110-119
22692279-6	2012	Moreover, TDI-induced increases in levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and plasma exudation were substantially decreased by treatment with AICAR.	acadesine	210-215	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	45-82
22692279-6	2012	Moreover, TDI-induced increases in levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and plasma exudation were substantially decreased by treatment with AICAR.	acadesine	210-215	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Mus musculus	84-94
22692279-6	2012	Moreover, TDI-induced increases in levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and plasma exudation were substantially decreased by treatment with AICAR.	acadesine	210-215	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	96-132
22588166-3	2012	Nine melanoma cell lines were treated with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) and phenformin.	acadesine	63-108	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
22588166-5	2012	AICAR and phenformin promoted phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of AMPK, as well as phosphorylation of the AMPK downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
22588166-5	2012	AICAR and phenformin promoted phosphorylation and enzymatic activity of AMPK, as well as phosphorylation of the AMPK downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
22588166-7	2012	Melanomas isolated from subcutaneously implanted mice, 25 days from treatment with AICAR, showed increased staining of the senescence-associated marker beta-galactosidase, high p21 expression, and evidence of necrosis.	acadesine	83-88	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	152-170
22588166-7	2012	Melanomas isolated from subcutaneously implanted mice, 25 days from treatment with AICAR, showed increased staining of the senescence-associated marker beta-galactosidase, high p21 expression, and evidence of necrosis.	acadesine	83-88	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	177-180
22953992-7	2012	RESULTS: AMPK activation by AICAR induced a significant increase in glucose uptake by PCCL3 cells, an effect that was completely reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Also, the AICAR mediated increase in glucose uptake was detected either in the presence or absence of TSH.	acadesine	28-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
22953992-7	2012	RESULTS: AMPK activation by AICAR induced a significant increase in glucose uptake by PCCL3 cells, an effect that was completely reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Also, the AICAR mediated increase in glucose uptake was detected either in the presence or absence of TSH.	acadesine	28-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
22554803-1	2012	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent with diverse pharmacological properties, augments transport of folates and antifolates.	acadesine	0-39	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	41-46
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	126-135
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	170-175
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	213-250
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	252-255
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	281-306
23698110-5	2013	We demonstrated that the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) significantly inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 at 636/639 and 307 by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation but not c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation.	acadesine	91-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	308-311
23698110-7	2013	Moreover, intraperitoneal administration (0.25 g/kg) of AICAR to db/db mice improved blood glucose levels and inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK in adipose tissue.	acadesine	56-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	143-146
23019413-5	2012	Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha1) was increased by both drugs, which promoted cell survival, as indicated by results obtained using AMPK inhibitor compound C and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	237-291	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	74-80
23019413-5	2012	Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha1) was increased by both drugs, which promoted cell survival, as indicated by results obtained using AMPK inhibitor compound C and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	237-291	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-92
23019413-5	2012	Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase alpha1 (AMPKalpha1) was increased by both drugs, which promoted cell survival, as indicated by results obtained using AMPK inhibitor compound C and AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	237-291	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
22686561-4	2012	A critical point is that the LKB1/AMPK network remains functional in a wide range of cancers and could be stimulated by drugs, such as N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide (metformin) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	246-251	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	29-33
22434076-8	2012	Whereas AMPK knockdown prevented the enhanced basal and insulin-stimulated GLUT4myc labeling by AICAR and DNP, cholesterol replenishment only blocked the AMPK-associated enhancement in insulin action.	acadesine	96-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
22496244-8	2012	Surprisingly, AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha mRNA levels were greater in skeletal muscle from HFD-fed rats.	acadesine	14-19	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
22233421-4	2012	Incubation of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes with the pharmacological AMPK activators AICA riboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) or A769662 led to persistent GYS inactivation and Ser7 phosphorylation, whereas inactivation by glucagon treatment was transient.	acadesine	103-157	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
22434076-5	2012	Using L6 myotubes stably expressing an exofacial myc-epitope-tagged-GLUT4, AMPK stimulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR; 45 min, 1 mm) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP; 30 min, 200 mum) increased cell surface GLUT4myc labeling by approximately   25% (P < 0.05).	acadesine	151-156	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
22434076-5	2012	Using L6 myotubes stably expressing an exofacial myc-epitope-tagged-GLUT4, AMPK stimulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR; 45 min, 1 mm) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP; 30 min, 200 mum) increased cell surface GLUT4myc labeling by approximately   25% (P < 0.05).	acadesine	151-156	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
22434076-8	2012	Whereas AMPK knockdown prevented the enhanced basal and insulin-stimulated GLUT4myc labeling by AICAR and DNP, cholesterol replenishment only blocked the AMPK-associated enhancement in insulin action.	acadesine	96-101	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
22234465-8	2012	The reduction of Npy and orexin in hypothalamic cultures was completely prevented by candesartan or the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	119-164	neuropeptide Y	Mus musculus	17-20
22234465-8	2012	The reduction of Npy and orexin in hypothalamic cultures was completely prevented by candesartan or the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	119-164	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
22120676-6	2012	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a well-known AMPK activator, also inhibited tumor cell adhesion and invasion and reduced the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
21567395-6	2012	Pharmacological activation of AMPK by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, or adiponectin lowered TGF-beta-induced expression of COL1A and myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA).	acadesine	109-114	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
21567395-6	2012	Pharmacological activation of AMPK by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, or adiponectin lowered TGF-beta-induced expression of COL1A and myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA).	acadesine	109-114	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	151-159
21567395-10	2012	Moreover, AICAR induced not only physical interaction between AMPK and p300 but also proteasomal degradation of p300 protein.	acadesine	10-15	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
21567395-10	2012	Moreover, AICAR induced not only physical interaction between AMPK and p300 but also proteasomal degradation of p300 protein.	acadesine	10-15	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	71-75
21567395-10	2012	Moreover, AICAR induced not only physical interaction between AMPK and p300 but also proteasomal degradation of p300 protein.	acadesine	10-15	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	112-116
22130396-2	2012	Among the leading innovations to the rules are that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta [PPAR-delta]-5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] agonist) and GW1516 (PPAR-delta-agonist) are no longer categorized as gene doping substances in the new 2012 prohibited list but as metabolic modulators in the class "Hormone and metabolic modulators."	acadesine	57-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	113-161
22130396-2	2012	Among the leading innovations to the rules are that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta [PPAR-delta]-5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] agonist) and GW1516 (PPAR-delta-agonist) are no longer categorized as gene doping substances in the new 2012 prohibited list but as metabolic modulators in the class "Hormone and metabolic modulators."	acadesine	57-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	163-173
22130396-2	2012	Among the leading innovations to the rules are that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta [PPAR-delta]-5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] agonist) and GW1516 (PPAR-delta-agonist) are no longer categorized as gene doping substances in the new 2012 prohibited list but as metabolic modulators in the class "Hormone and metabolic modulators."	acadesine	57-111	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	255-265
22120676-6	2012	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a well-known AMPK activator, also inhibited tumor cell adhesion and invasion and reduced the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
21953514-7	2012	Importantly, overexpression of the processed nuclear form of SREBP-1c abolished the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside to suppress ethanol-mediated induction of lipin-1 gene-expression level.	acadesine	95-140	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	61-69
21953514-7	2012	Importantly, overexpression of the processed nuclear form of SREBP-1c abolished the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside to suppress ethanol-mediated induction of lipin-1 gene-expression level.	acadesine	95-140	lipin 1	Mus musculus	183-190
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	acadesine	34-88	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	90-95
22231556-2	2012	We show here that treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) prevents this heat-induced sudden death in this mouse model.	acadesine	33-78	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	80-85
21993711-5	2012	The effects of stimulating AMPK activity with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on Pax3 expression and NTDs were determined.	acadesine	102-107	paired box 3	Mus musculus	112-116
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	acadesine	34-88	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	103-107
21956774-3	2012	The adenosine             analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an AMPK             activator used in many studies to assess the effects of AMPK activation on cellular             metabolism and function.	acadesine	34-88	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
22778921-1	2012	Long-term administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) mimics the effects of endurance exercise by activating AMP kinase and by increasing skeletal muscle expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter.	acadesine	28-73	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	196-201
22778921-1	2012	Long-term administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) mimics the effects of endurance exercise by activating AMP kinase and by increasing skeletal muscle expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter.	acadesine	75-80	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	196-201
22740885-4	2012	Activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and phenformin elicited clear anti-proliferative effects in all breast cancer cell lines, but with differences in sensitivity.	acadesine	67-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
23183898-0	2012	The full capacity of AICAR to reduce obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance requires myeloid SIRT1.	acadesine	21-26	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	106-111
23183898-11	2012	Myeloid SIRT1 is a therapeutic target of the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of AICAR.	acadesine	98-103	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	8-13
21697647-2	2011	AMPK is activated by conditions causing ATP depletion and by different metabolic molecules, such as adiponectin and AMPK agonist, such as 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	138-193	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
22093824-7	2011	We found that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, traditional pharmacological activators of AMPK, inhibited the PR pathway, as evidenced by progesterone response element (PRE)-driven luciferase activity and PR target gene expression.	acadesine	19-73	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	159-161
22093824-7	2011	We found that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, traditional pharmacological activators of AMPK, inhibited the PR pathway, as evidenced by progesterone response element (PRE)-driven luciferase activity and PR target gene expression.	acadesine	19-73	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	218-220
22093824-7	2011	We found that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, traditional pharmacological activators of AMPK, inhibited the PR pathway, as evidenced by progesterone response element (PRE)-driven luciferase activity and PR target gene expression.	acadesine	75-80	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	159-161
22093824-7	2011	We found that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, traditional pharmacological activators of AMPK, inhibited the PR pathway, as evidenced by progesterone response element (PRE)-driven luciferase activity and PR target gene expression.	acadesine	75-80	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	218-220
22093824-8	2011	Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, partly but significantly reversed the anti-PR effects of AICAR and metformin.	acadesine	91-96	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	77-79
21918180-4	2011	Specifically, the impact of phenformin, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) on Thr172 phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and nucleus was quantified by different methods.	acadesine	57-96	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	98-103
21470048-4	2011	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAr) or metformin as well as inactivation of AMPK by compound C (Comp C), siRNA ablation of AMPKalpha2, or exogenous ATP stimulated cardiomyogenesis of ES cells.	acadesine	22-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
21470048-4	2011	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAr) or metformin as well as inactivation of AMPK by compound C (Comp C), siRNA ablation of AMPKalpha2, or exogenous ATP stimulated cardiomyogenesis of ES cells.	acadesine	63-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
22058332-8	2011	Either resveratrol or AICAR significantly reversed SIRT1 deactivation and NF-kappaB phosphorylation, both of which were induced in the diabetic retina.	acadesine	22-27	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	51-56
22074809-4	2012	A favorable effect of AMPK activation on intima hyperplasia has been demonstrated in in vivo experimental models by using the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), or by studying the AMPKalpha(-/-) mice.	acadesine	141-186	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
22074809-4	2012	A favorable effect of AMPK activation on intima hyperplasia has been demonstrated in in vivo experimental models by using the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), or by studying the AMPKalpha(-/-) mice.	acadesine	188-193	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
22074809-4	2012	A favorable effect of AMPK activation on intima hyperplasia has been demonstrated in in vivo experimental models by using the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), or by studying the AMPKalpha(-/-) mice.	acadesine	188-193	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	126-130
21944462-0	2011	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside enhances effect of ionizing radiation in PC3 prostate cancer cells.	acadesine	0-39	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	81-84
21944462-1	2011	PURPOSE: The nucleoside 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is a low-energy mimetic and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist that can affect the phenotype of malignant cells by diminishing their anabolism.	acadesine	65-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	156-160
21896918-0	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated hepatic expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14, Cyp4a31, and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-responsive mouse genes is AICAR 5"-monophosphate-dependent and AMP-activated protein kinase-independent.	acadesine	48-53	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 10	Mus musculus	88-95
21896918-0	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated hepatic expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14, Cyp4a31, and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-responsive mouse genes is AICAR 5"-monophosphate-dependent and AMP-activated protein kinase-independent.	acadesine	48-53	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 14	Mus musculus	97-104
21896918-0	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated hepatic expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14, Cyp4a31, and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-responsive mouse genes is AICAR 5"-monophosphate-dependent and AMP-activated protein kinase-independent.	acadesine	48-53	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 31	Mus musculus	106-113
21896918-0	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated hepatic expression of Cyp4a10, Cyp4a14, Cyp4a31, and other peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-responsive mouse genes is AICAR 5"-monophosphate-dependent and AMP-activated protein kinase-independent.	acadesine	48-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	125-173
21896918-1	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), a prodrug activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increased hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 4a10, 4a14, and 4a31 mRNAs 2-, 3-, and 4-fold, respectively, and liver microsomal lauric acid omega-hydroxylation increased 2.8-fold.	acadesine	48-53	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 10	Mus musculus	148-168
21896918-9	2011	These results suggest that PPARalpha is activated by increased concentrations of free fatty acids that may arise from impaired fatty acid metabolism caused by altered levels of ATP, AMP, and ZMP after AICAR or adenosine treatment.	acadesine	201-206	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	27-36
21697647-2	2011	AMPK is activated by conditions causing ATP depletion and by different metabolic molecules, such as adiponectin and AMPK agonist, such as 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	138-193	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
21697647-2	2011	AMPK is activated by conditions causing ATP depletion and by different metabolic molecules, such as adiponectin and AMPK agonist, such as 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	195-200	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
21697647-2	2011	AMPK is activated by conditions causing ATP depletion and by different metabolic molecules, such as adiponectin and AMPK agonist, such as 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	195-200	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	100-111
21697647-2	2011	AMPK is activated by conditions causing ATP depletion and by different metabolic molecules, such as adiponectin and AMPK agonist, such as 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	195-200	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
21945951-4	2011	Increased intracellular AMP can be mimicked by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	47-92	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	94-99
21819956-7	2011	Culturing of MSCs and fibroblasts with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase resulted in TGF-beta-dependent development of myofibroblasts with markedly enhanced contractility despite no reduction in adipocytic commitment or increased expression of TGF-beta receptors and SMAD3 phosphorylation.	acadesine	39-44	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	167-175
21867676-3	2011	An AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR), was observed to suppress the expression of the AQP9 gene in HepG2 cells by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK and AKT/PKB.	acadesine	75-80	aquaporin 9	Homo sapiens	130-134
21867676-3	2011	An AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR), was observed to suppress the expression of the AQP9 gene in HepG2 cells by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK and AKT/PKB.	acadesine	75-80	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	200-207
21867676-5	2011	AICAR was determined to induce the phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of Foxa2.	acadesine	0-5	forkhead box A2	Homo sapiens	76-81
21844485-8	2011	Importantly, the pharmacological AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside restored AMPK activity to levels of pair-fed controls and reversed Ang II-mediated ATP depletion and muscle wasting.	acadesine	48-93	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	161-167
21844485-9	2011	Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside activated Akt and inhibited Ang II-induced increases in E3 ubiquitin ligase expression.	acadesine	10-55	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	66-69
21844485-9	2011	Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside activated Akt and inhibited Ang II-induced increases in E3 ubiquitin ligase expression.	acadesine	10-55	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	84-90
21873433-5	2011	siRNA silencing of NT5C2 expression increased palmitate oxidation by 2-fold in the absence and by 8-fold in the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	124-178	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	19-24
21795305-0	2011	The influence of the BRAF V600E mutation in thyroid cancer cell lines on the anticancer effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside.	acadesine	99-144	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	21-25
21795305-1	2011	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) is an activator of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a role in the maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis.	acadesine	0-45	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	47-52
21819956-7	2011	Culturing of MSCs and fibroblasts with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) to activate adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase resulted in TGF-beta-dependent development of myofibroblasts with markedly enhanced contractility despite no reduction in adipocytic commitment or increased expression of TGF-beta receptors and SMAD3 phosphorylation.	acadesine	39-44	SMAD family member 3	Mus musculus	349-354
21659335-3	2011	Since treatment of healthy mice with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) enhances oxidative capacity and elicits a fast-to-slow fiber-type transition, we evaluated the effects of chronic AMPK stimulation on skeletal muscle phenotype and utrophin expression in mdx mice.	acadesine	143-148	utrophin	Mus musculus	314-322
21700896-9	2011	An acute bout of exercise, AICAR treatment, and epinephrine injections increased the mRNA levels of PGC-1alpha, COXIV, and lipin1 independent of decreases in nuclear RIP140 protein.	acadesine	27-32	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
21700896-9	2011	An acute bout of exercise, AICAR treatment, and epinephrine injections increased the mRNA levels of PGC-1alpha, COXIV, and lipin1 independent of decreases in nuclear RIP140 protein.	acadesine	27-32	lipin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
21700896-9	2011	An acute bout of exercise, AICAR treatment, and epinephrine injections increased the mRNA levels of PGC-1alpha, COXIV, and lipin1 independent of decreases in nuclear RIP140 protein.	acadesine	27-32	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-172
21933602-7	2011	Second, cells were cultured in both gAD and the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	63-117	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
21388435-9	2011	Pretreatment of cells with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR; a chronic activator of AMPK) prevented the loss of Hsp90 association with eNOS following 20-HETE treatment.	acadesine	76-81	heat shock protein, 3	Mus musculus	134-139
21566210-6	2011	In contrast, the pharmacological activator of AMPK 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited the proliferation and migration of SMCs in a manner that was strictly dependent on AMPK activity.	acadesine	51-105	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
21566210-6	2011	In contrast, the pharmacological activator of AMPK 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited the proliferation and migration of SMCs in a manner that was strictly dependent on AMPK activity.	acadesine	51-105	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
21658429-4	2011	An AMPK activator, AICA-riboside (AICAR), at 200 muM increased [Ca(2+)](i) in 24% of ARC neurons.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	3-7
21658429-5	2011	AMPK and acetyl CoA carboxylase were phosphorylated in the neurons with [Ca(2+)](i) responses to AICAR.	acadesine	97-102	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
21389275-3	2011	In PCCL3 cells, AICAR-induced AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation decreased iodide uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, while the AMPK inhibitor compound C prevented this effect.	acadesine	16-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
21389275-3	2011	In PCCL3 cells, AICAR-induced AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation decreased iodide uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, while the AMPK inhibitor compound C prevented this effect.	acadesine	16-21	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
21389275-6	2011	The transcriptional (actinomycin D) and translational (cycloheximide) inhibitors, as well as the AMPK inhibitor compound C prevented AICAR-induced reduction of NIS protein content in PCCL3 cells.	acadesine	133-138	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
21389275-6	2011	The transcriptional (actinomycin D) and translational (cycloheximide) inhibitors, as well as the AMPK inhibitor compound C prevented AICAR-induced reduction of NIS protein content in PCCL3 cells.	acadesine	133-138	solute carrier family 5 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
21501658-5	2011	Chemical activators of AMPK (AICAR [5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside], metformin) suppressed Wnt3a-induced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity.	acadesine	29-34	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	100-105
21501658-5	2011	Chemical activators of AMPK (AICAR [5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside], metformin) suppressed Wnt3a-induced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity.	acadesine	29-34	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	114-117
21501658-5	2011	Chemical activators of AMPK (AICAR [5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside], metformin) suppressed Wnt3a-induced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity.	acadesine	36-75	Wnt family member 3A	Homo sapiens	100-105
21501658-5	2011	Chemical activators of AMPK (AICAR [5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside], metformin) suppressed Wnt3a-induced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity.	acadesine	36-75	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	114-117
20842535-7	2011	The AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, attenuated KA-induced caspase-3 activity.	acadesine	20-74	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
21388435-9	2011	Pretreatment of cells with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR; a chronic activator of AMPK) prevented the loss of Hsp90 association with eNOS following 20-HETE treatment.	acadesine	76-81	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	157-161
21464390-2	2011	In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1).	acadesine	87-141	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
21464390-2	2011	In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1).	acadesine	87-141	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	187-205
21464390-2	2011	In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1).	acadesine	87-141	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	207-210
21464390-2	2011	In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1).	acadesine	87-141	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	216-254
21464390-2	2011	In cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells, we observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside inhibited agonist-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1).	acadesine	87-141	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	256-261
21383064-8	2011	AMPK activation (using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside [AICAR]) induces raptor phosphorylation and inhibits mTORC1 in both mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and hepatocytes, but whereas mTORC1 inhibition is Tsc1/Tsc2 dependent in MEFs, it is independent in hepatocytes.	acadesine	23-62	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	116-122
21383064-8	2011	AMPK activation (using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside [AICAR]) induces raptor phosphorylation and inhibits mTORC1 in both mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and hepatocytes, but whereas mTORC1 inhibition is Tsc1/Tsc2 dependent in MEFs, it is independent in hepatocytes.	acadesine	64-69	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	116-122
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	19-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	19-64	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Homo sapiens	138-143
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	19-64	TNF superfamily member 15	Homo sapiens	148-155
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	19-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	280-291
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	66-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	66-71	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Homo sapiens	138-143
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	66-71	TNF superfamily member 15	Homo sapiens	148-155
21217782-6	2011	Thus, we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, increases the abundance of LITAF and TNFSF15 in LNCaP and C4-2 prostate cancer cells, which is abrogated by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or the dominant-negative mutant of AMPK alpha1 subunit.	acadesine	66-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	280-291
20362304-0	2011	Short-term adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside treatment increases the sirtuin 1 protein expression in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	70-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	11-59
21239628-1	2011	We previously demonstrated that preconditioning induced by ethanol consumption at low levels [ethanol preconditioning (EPC)] or with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR-PC) 24 h before ischemia-reperfusion prevents postischemic leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions (LEI) by a mechanism that is initiated by nitric oxide formed by endothelial nitric oxide synthase.	acadesine	133-187	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1a	Mus musculus	304-307
21205922-0	2011	Genistein, resveratrol, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside induce cytochrome P450 4F2 expression through an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway.	acadesine	28-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	132-160
21479175-5	2011	Human insulin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, decreased the hemolymph sugar levels of the hyperglycemic silkworms and restored growth.	acadesine	18-72	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	74-79
21228273-5	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the main ATP/AMP sensor of mammalian cells, and we mimicked an energy stress by treating human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and metformin.	acadesine	195-249	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
21228273-5	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the main ATP/AMP sensor of mammalian cells, and we mimicked an energy stress by treating human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and metformin.	acadesine	195-249	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
21228273-5	2011	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the main ATP/AMP sensor of mammalian cells, and we mimicked an energy stress by treating human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs) with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and metformin.	acadesine	195-249	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	179-183
20362304-0	2011	Short-term adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside treatment increases the sirtuin 1 protein expression in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	70-124	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-158
20362304-8	2011	These results suggest that short-term AICAR treatment to rats promotes skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation and then coincidently increases the SIRT1 protein expression.	acadesine	38-43	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
20362304-8	2011	These results suggest that short-term AICAR treatment to rats promotes skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation and then coincidently increases the SIRT1 protein expression.	acadesine	38-43	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	47-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
21098736-3	2011	In this study, effects of exercise intensity and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on isoform-specific expressions of PGC-1alpha were investigated.	acadesine	49-102	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	146-156
21270255-4	2011	In a second experiment, rats were given a fourth-ventricle injection of compound C (CC) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an inhibitor and activator of AMPK, to identify a role for AMPK in hindbrain neurons required for elicitation of 2DG-induced feeding.	acadesine	139-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
21070787-1	2011	AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, on monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in rat skeletal muscle and a prototypic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD cells).	acadesine	59-113	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-154
21070787-1	2011	AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, on monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in rat skeletal muscle and a prototypic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD cells).	acadesine	59-113	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
21070787-1	2011	AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, on monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in rat skeletal muscle and a prototypic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD cells).	acadesine	59-113	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	176-205
21070787-1	2011	AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, on monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) expression in rat skeletal muscle and a prototypic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (RD cells).	acadesine	59-113	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	207-211
21037234-4	2011	Induction of HO-1 by AICAR was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, and by silencing AMPK-alpha(1/2) and was mimicked by the AMPK activator A-769662 and by infecting ECs with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK-alpha(1).	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
21183032-4	2011	Treatment of mammary epithelial cells with an AMPK activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) dramatically increased glucose uptake and glucose transporter-1 mRNA abundance, and decreased levels of glycogen synthase 1 mRNA.	acadesine	62-116	glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle	Capra hircus	222-241
21098736-3	2011	In this study, effects of exercise intensity and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on isoform-specific expressions of PGC-1alpha were investigated.	acadesine	104-109	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	146-156
20884265-1	2011	Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL, E. C. 4.3.2.2) carries out two non-sequential steps in de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) to aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and the conversion of succinyl AMP (AMPS) to AMP.	acadesine	172-177	adenylosuccinate lyase	Cricetulus griseus	0-22
20884265-1	2011	Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL, E. C. 4.3.2.2) carries out two non-sequential steps in de novo AMP synthesis, the conversion of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) to aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribotide (AICAR) and the conversion of succinyl AMP (AMPS) to AMP.	acadesine	172-177	adenylosuccinate lyase	Cricetulus griseus	24-28
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	83-88	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	83-88	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	83-88	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	90-144	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	90-144	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
21931595-6	2011	Lithium abolished STAT3 activation and astrogliogenesis induced by a STAT3 agonist AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), suggesting that lithium suppresses astrogliogenesis by inhibiting STAT3.	acadesine	90-144	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
20844264-0	2010	AICAR treatment for 14 days normalizes obesity-induced dysregulation of TORC1 signaling and translational capacity in fasted skeletal muscle.	acadesine	0-5	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	72-77
20844264-1	2010	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mTOR-regulated processes (i.e., translation initiation) in obese mouse skeletal muscle.	acadesine	119-124	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	139-168
20844264-1	2010	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mTOR-regulated processes (i.e., translation initiation) in obese mouse skeletal muscle.	acadesine	119-124	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	170-174
20844264-1	2010	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mTOR-regulated processes (i.e., translation initiation) in obese mouse skeletal muscle.	acadesine	119-124	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	190-194
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	47-101	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	47-101	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	251-294
20925690-2	2010	The information obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is combined with NMR data to provide a cross-validated atomic resolution model of the complementary interactions of heat shock protein 90 with a peptidic (shepherdin) and a non-peptidic (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, AICAR) inhibitor, showing antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in multiple tumor cell lines.	acadesine	251-305	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	180-201
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	47-101	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	296-300
20925690-4	2010	In 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside bound state, one conformation of those present in solution is selected, where imidazolic, H4 and H5 protons have a key role in defining a non-polar region contacting heat shock protein 90 surface.	acadesine	3-57	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	224-245
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	103-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	103-108	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	103-108	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	251-294
21037234-2	2011	Treatment of human ECs with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulated a concentration- and time-dependent increase in HO-1 protein and mRNA expression that was associated with a prominent increase in nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein.	acadesine	103-108	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	296-300
21037234-4	2011	Induction of HO-1 by AICAR was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, and by silencing AMPK-alpha(1/2) and was mimicked by the AMPK activator A-769662 and by infecting ECs with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK-alpha(1).	acadesine	21-26	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
21037234-4	2011	Induction of HO-1 by AICAR was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, and by silencing AMPK-alpha(1/2) and was mimicked by the AMPK activator A-769662 and by infecting ECs with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK-alpha(1).	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
21037234-4	2011	Induction of HO-1 by AICAR was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, and by silencing AMPK-alpha(1/2) and was mimicked by the AMPK activator A-769662 and by infecting ECs with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK-alpha(1).	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
21037234-4	2011	Induction of HO-1 by AICAR was blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, and by silencing AMPK-alpha(1/2) and was mimicked by the AMPK activator A-769662 and by infecting ECs with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active AMPK-alpha(1).	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	140-144
20652679-2	2010	METHODS: IL-6-stimulated expression of the genes for acute-phase response markers serum amyloid A (SAA1, SAA2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 were quantified after modulation of AMPK activity by pharmacological agonists (5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamideriboside [AICAR], metformin) or by using small interfering (si) RNA transfection.	acadesine	297-302	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	9-13
20664053-1	2010	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine (AICAR) induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells.	acadesine	43-52	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	54-59
20615388-2	2010	We utilized 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) as a pharmacological activator of AMPK to unveil the effects of and signaling cascades mediated by AMPK on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), murine macrophage cell line (J774), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	acadesine	12-51	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	53-58
20615388-2	2010	We utilized 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) as a pharmacological activator of AMPK to unveil the effects of and signaling cascades mediated by AMPK on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), murine macrophage cell line (J774), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	acadesine	12-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
20615388-2	2010	We utilized 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) as a pharmacological activator of AMPK to unveil the effects of and signaling cascades mediated by AMPK on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), murine macrophage cell line (J774), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	acadesine	12-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
20615388-2	2010	We utilized 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) as a pharmacological activator of AMPK to unveil the effects of and signaling cascades mediated by AMPK on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 gene expression in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), murine macrophage cell line (J774), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).	acadesine	12-51	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	167-189
20686344-0	2010	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevents nuclear translocation of constitutive androstane receptor by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) independent manner.	acadesine	54-59	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	95-127
20652679-2	2010	METHODS: IL-6-stimulated expression of the genes for acute-phase response markers serum amyloid A (SAA1, SAA2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 were quantified after modulation of AMPK activity by pharmacological agonists (5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamideriboside [AICAR], metformin) or by using small interfering (si) RNA transfection.	acadesine	297-302	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	99-103
20652679-5	2010	Moreover, the repression of AMPK activity by siRNA significantly reversed the inhibition of SAA expression by both AICAR and metformin, indicating that the effect of the agonists is dependent on AMPK.	acadesine	115-120	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
20652679-5	2010	Moreover, the repression of AMPK activity by siRNA significantly reversed the inhibition of SAA expression by both AICAR and metformin, indicating that the effect of the agonists is dependent on AMPK.	acadesine	115-120	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	92-95
20652679-5	2010	Moreover, the repression of AMPK activity by siRNA significantly reversed the inhibition of SAA expression by both AICAR and metformin, indicating that the effect of the agonists is dependent on AMPK.	acadesine	115-120	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	195-199
20659426-3	2010	We observed in cultured rat cortical neurons that Abeta production was significantly reduced when the neurons were stimulated with AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but increased when AMPKalpha2 was knocked out, thus indicating the role of AMPK in amyloidogenesis.	acadesine	198-203	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
20659426-3	2010	We observed in cultured rat cortical neurons that Abeta production was significantly reduced when the neurons were stimulated with AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), but increased when AMPKalpha2 was knocked out, thus indicating the role of AMPK in amyloidogenesis.	acadesine	198-203	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	225-229
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	51-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	51-91	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	51-91	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	93-98	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	93-98	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
20438809-7	2010	Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or resveratrol also markedly increases PGC-1alpha and NRF-1 mRNA levels in neuron cultures.	acadesine	93-98	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
20686344-0	2010	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevents nuclear translocation of constitutive androstane receptor by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) independent manner.	acadesine	54-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-159
20686344-0	2010	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevents nuclear translocation of constitutive androstane receptor by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) independent manner.	acadesine	54-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
20686344-7	2010	The AMPK-activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-beta-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) unexpectedly repressed PB-induced CYP2B mRNA expression as well as AMPK-inhibitor compound C. In contrast, both the AMPK-activator metformin and the constitutive active form of AMPK enhanced PB-induced PB-responsive enhancer module-driven reporter gene expression.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
20686344-7	2010	The AMPK-activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-beta-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) unexpectedly repressed PB-induced CYP2B mRNA expression as well as AMPK-inhibitor compound C. In contrast, both the AMPK-activator metformin and the constitutive active form of AMPK enhanced PB-induced PB-responsive enhancer module-driven reporter gene expression.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
20686344-7	2010	The AMPK-activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-beta-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) unexpectedly repressed PB-induced CYP2B mRNA expression as well as AMPK-inhibitor compound C. In contrast, both the AMPK-activator metformin and the constitutive active form of AMPK enhanced PB-induced PB-responsive enhancer module-driven reporter gene expression.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
20686344-7	2010	The AMPK-activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-beta-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) unexpectedly repressed PB-induced CYP2B mRNA expression as well as AMPK-inhibitor compound C. In contrast, both the AMPK-activator metformin and the constitutive active form of AMPK enhanced PB-induced PB-responsive enhancer module-driven reporter gene expression.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
20686348-4	2010	Treatment of the cells with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, reduced the methylmercury toxicity.	acadesine	28-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
20686348-4	2010	Treatment of the cells with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, reduced the methylmercury toxicity.	acadesine	35-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
20490918-3	2010	In the present study, we report that the effect of AMPK activation induced by pretreatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) in neurons using the hypoxic model in vitro.	acadesine	149-154	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
20581852-2	2010	METHODS: Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with the specific AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and the specific AMPK antagonist Compound C, and then stimulated with phenylephrine (PE).	acadesine	92-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
20581852-7	2010	RESULTS: Activation of AMPK by AICAR 0.5 mmol/L inhibited PE-induced increase in cardiomyocyte area and beta-MHC protein expression and PE-induced decrease in protein degradation.	acadesine	31-36	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
20581852-7	2010	RESULTS: Activation of AMPK by AICAR 0.5 mmol/L inhibited PE-induced increase in cardiomyocyte area and beta-MHC protein expression and PE-induced decrease in protein degradation.	acadesine	31-36	myosin heavy chain 7	Rattus norvegicus	104-112
20430871-1	2010	The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the transport of the model radiolabeled dipeptide [(3)H]-D-Phe-L-Gln was investigated in the human epithelial colon cancer cell line Caco-2.	acadesine	14-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	86-114
20430871-1	2010	The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the transport of the model radiolabeled dipeptide [(3)H]-D-Phe-L-Gln was investigated in the human epithelial colon cancer cell line Caco-2.	acadesine	14-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
20430871-1	2010	The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the transport of the model radiolabeled dipeptide [(3)H]-D-Phe-L-Gln was investigated in the human epithelial colon cancer cell line Caco-2.	acadesine	61-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	86-114
20430871-1	2010	The effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the transport of the model radiolabeled dipeptide [(3)H]-D-Phe-L-Gln was investigated in the human epithelial colon cancer cell line Caco-2.	acadesine	61-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
20462973-7	2010	[(14)C]creatine uptake and apical surface biotinylation measurements in polarized S3 cells demonstrated parallel reductions in creatine influx and CRT apical membrane expression after AMPK activation with the AMP-mimetic compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	230-284	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	184-188
20501641-0	2010	Disruption of AMPKalpha1 signaling prevents AICAR-induced inhibition of AS160/TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glucose uptake in primary rat adipocytes.	acadesine	44-49	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
20501641-0	2010	Disruption of AMPKalpha1 signaling prevents AICAR-induced inhibition of AS160/TBC1D4 phosphorylation and glucose uptake in primary rat adipocytes.	acadesine	44-49	TBC1 domain family, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
20185792-0	2010	Acadesine inhibits tissue factor induction and thrombus formation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.	acadesine	0-9	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	19-32
19617399-3	2010	AMPK activation after overnight treatment with either metformin (2-5 mM) or AICAR (1 mM) substantially inhibited ENaC-dependent I(sc) in both CF and non-CF airway cultures.	acadesine	76-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
20393162-3	2010	Additionally, given that AMPK-activating drugs are widely prescribed for their insulin-sensitizing effects, we sought to determine whether 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-stimulated AMPK activation could prevent or reverse the deleterious effects of lipid on insulin signaling.	acadesine	139-193	insulin	Homo sapiens	290-297
20185792-0	2010	Acadesine inhibits tissue factor induction and thrombus formation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway.	acadesine	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
20185792-2	2010	This study investigated whether and how acadesine inhibits tissue factor (TF) expression and thrombus formation.	acadesine	40-49	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	59-72
20185792-2	2010	This study investigated whether and how acadesine inhibits tissue factor (TF) expression and thrombus formation.	acadesine	40-49	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	74-76
20185792-4	2010	Pretreatment with acadesine dramatically suppressed the clotting activity and expression of TF (protein and mRNA).	acadesine	18-27	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	92-94
20185792-6	2010	In endothelial cells and macrophages, acadesine activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, reduced the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and consequently suppressed TF expression by inhibiting the activator protein-1 and NF-kappaB pathways.	acadesine	38-47	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
20185792-6	2010	In endothelial cells and macrophages, acadesine activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, reduced the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and consequently suppressed TF expression by inhibiting the activator protein-1 and NF-kappaB pathways.	acadesine	38-47	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	198-200
20439172-5	2010	Pretreatment with the AMPK-specific activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or overexpression of a constitutively active AMPK-alpha1 plasmid reversed As-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth.	acadesine	46-85	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	22-26
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	13-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	93-121
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	13-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	13-67	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	170-175
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	13-67	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	223-228
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	69-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	93-121
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	69-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	69-74	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	170-175
20177150-7	2010	In addition, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), stimulated the nuclear translocation of GAPDH and prevented serum- and growth factor-induced GAPDH export.	acadesine	69-74	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	223-228
19843515-5	2009	The proliferation was significantly inhibited by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and restored by dominant-negative AMPKalpha1, suggesting that AMPK activation suppressed macrophage proliferation.	acadesine	68-113	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	53-57
20237071-10	2010	Moreover, AICAR treatment inhibited NF-kappaB activation in macrophages, reduced levels of Th1- and Th17-type cytokines in colon tissues, and down-regulated Th1 and Th17 cell responses during the progress of acute and chronic experimental colitis.	acadesine	10-15	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	36-45
20133456-9	2010	An in vivo study showed that prolonged 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK activation increases uncoupling protein 1 expression and induces an accumulation of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), as revealed by immunohistology.	acadesine	39-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
20133456-9	2010	An in vivo study showed that prolonged 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK activation increases uncoupling protein 1 expression and induces an accumulation of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), as revealed by immunohistology.	acadesine	86-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	137-165
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	insulin receptor substrate 1	Homo sapiens	167-171
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	259-262
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
20167101-4	2010	Our results showed that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1 ribonucleoside (AICAR) greatly enhanced the ability of insulin to stimulate the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-associated PI3K activity in differentiated 3T3-F442a adipocytes, leading to increased Akt phosphorylation at S473, whereas insulin-stimulated activation of mTOR was diminished.	acadesine	73-78	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	329-333
19887597-0	2010	AICAR and metformin, but not exercise, increase muscle glucose transport through AMPK-, ERK-, and PDK1-dependent activation of atypical PKC.	acadesine	0-5	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	88-91
19887597-0	2010	AICAR and metformin, but not exercise, increase muscle glucose transport through AMPK-, ERK-, and PDK1-dependent activation of atypical PKC.	acadesine	0-5	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 1	Mus musculus	98-102
19887597-0	2010	AICAR and metformin, but not exercise, increase muscle glucose transport through AMPK-, ERK-, and PDK1-dependent activation of atypical PKC.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase C, iota	Mus musculus	136-139
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	53-107	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	150-175
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	53-107	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	177-181
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	53-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	187-190
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	109-114	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	150-175
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	109-114	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	177-181
19887597-1	2010	Activators of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and exercise activate atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and ERK and stimulate glucose transport in muscle by uncertain mechanisms.	acadesine	109-114	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	187-190
20012266-6	2010	To elucidate the mechanism of metformin action, we used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside as an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and compound C as a confirmed pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK.	acadesine	56-110	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-178
20012266-6	2010	To elucidate the mechanism of metformin action, we used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside as an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and compound C as a confirmed pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK.	acadesine	56-110	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-136
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	7-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-136
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	7-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	63-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-136
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	63-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	74-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-136
19853624-1	2010	AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, Acadesine, AICA riboside) is an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	74-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
20185792-6	2010	In endothelial cells and macrophages, acadesine activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway, reduced the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, and consequently suppressed TF expression by inhibiting the activator protein-1 and NF-kappaB pathways.	acadesine	38-47	JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	230-249
20185792-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Acadesine inhibits TF expression and thrombus formation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.	acadesine	12-21	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	31-33
20185792-8	2010	CONCLUSION: Acadesine inhibits TF expression and thrombus formation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway.	acadesine	12-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
20044477-3	2010	Since neuronal and endothelial NO synthase (NOS) are calcium dependent and are also phosphorylated by AMPK, we hypothesized that NOS inhibition would attenuate the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis in response to AICAR and caffeine.	acadesine	218-223	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	31-42
20044477-6	2010	NOS inhibition, which had no effect on AICAR-stimulated P-AMPK, surprisingly increased P-CaMK and attenuated the AICAR-induced increases in COX-1 and COX-4 protein.	acadesine	113-118	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	140-145
20044477-6	2010	NOS inhibition, which had no effect on AICAR-stimulated P-AMPK, surprisingly increased P-CaMK and attenuated the AICAR-induced increases in COX-1 and COX-4 protein.	acadesine	113-118	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1	Homo sapiens	150-155
19887597-3	2010	In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired AICAR-stimulated glucose disposal and stimulatory effects of both AICAR and metformin on 2-deoxyglucose/glucose uptake in muscle in vivo and AICAR stimulation of 2-[(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle; however, AMPK activation was unimpaired.	acadesine	92-97	protein kinase C, iota	Mus musculus	9-41
19887597-3	2010	In mice, muscle-specific aPKC (PKC-lambda) depletion by conditional gene targeting impaired AICAR-stimulated glucose disposal and stimulatory effects of both AICAR and metformin on 2-deoxyglucose/glucose uptake in muscle in vivo and AICAR stimulation of 2-[(3)H]deoxyglucose uptake in isolated extensor digitorum longus muscle; however, AMPK activation was unimpaired.	acadesine	158-163	protein kinase C, iota	Mus musculus	9-41
19887597-5	2010	Finally, in intact rodents, AICAR and metformin activated aPKC in muscle, but not in liver, despite activating AMPK in both tissues.	acadesine	28-33	protein kinase C, zeta	Mus musculus	58-62
19843515-5	2009	The proliferation was significantly inhibited by the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and restored by dominant-negative AMPKalpha1, suggesting that AMPK activation suppressed macrophage proliferation.	acadesine	115-120	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	53-57
19656961-4	2009	Treatment with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), a well-known activator of AMPK, induced phosphorylation of MAPK p38.	acadesine	54-59	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
20923527-7	2009	Glucose reduced AMPK activity, while the AMPK activators 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and metformin increased PPARalpha expression and suppressed the action of glucose.	acadesine	57-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
20923527-7	2009	Glucose reduced AMPK activity, while the AMPK activators 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and metformin increased PPARalpha expression and suppressed the action of glucose.	acadesine	57-96	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
19656961-4	2009	Treatment with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), a well-known activator of AMPK, induced phosphorylation of MAPK p38.	acadesine	54-59	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	126-129
19924252-0	2009	Acadesine kills chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells through PKC-dependent induction of autophagic cell death.	acadesine	0-9	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	65-68
19924252-6	2009	The effect of acadesine was abrogated by GF109203X and Ro-32-0432, both inhibitor of classical and new PKCs and accordingly, acadesine triggered relocation and activation of several PKC isoforms in K562 cells.	acadesine	14-23	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
19924252-6	2009	The effect of acadesine was abrogated by GF109203X and Ro-32-0432, both inhibitor of classical and new PKCs and accordingly, acadesine triggered relocation and activation of several PKC isoforms in K562 cells.	acadesine	125-134	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
19924252-8	2009	In conclusion, our work identifies an original and unexpected mechanism by which acadesine triggers autophagic cell death through PKC activation.	acadesine	81-90	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	130-133
19672815-4	2009	Metformin and the potential therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), are both known activators of AMPK.	acadesine	66-105	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
19672815-4	2009	Metformin and the potential therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), are both known activators of AMPK.	acadesine	107-112	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
19699196-5	2009	Treatment of TAC animals with 5-aminoimidazole 1 carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR, 0.5 mg/g body wt), a specific activator of AMPK, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy in TAC and reversed PPARalpha, CPT-I and MCAD expression and fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	77-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
19699196-5	2009	Treatment of TAC animals with 5-aminoimidazole 1 carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR, 0.5 mg/g body wt), a specific activator of AMPK, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy in TAC and reversed PPARalpha, CPT-I and MCAD expression and fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	77-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	183-192
19699196-5	2009	Treatment of TAC animals with 5-aminoimidazole 1 carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR, 0.5 mg/g body wt), a specific activator of AMPK, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy in TAC and reversed PPARalpha, CPT-I and MCAD expression and fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	77-82	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
19699196-5	2009	Treatment of TAC animals with 5-aminoimidazole 1 carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR, 0.5 mg/g body wt), a specific activator of AMPK, inhibited cardiac hypertrophy in TAC and reversed PPARalpha, CPT-I and MCAD expression and fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	77-82	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
19699196-7	2009	Treatment of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes with Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor, showed an effect opposite to that of AICAR.	acadesine	123-128	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
19415679-8	2009	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular energy sensor, by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), also markedly upregulated POX and increased POX-dependent ATP levels, further supporting its role during stress.	acadesine	82-127	proline dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	163-166
19571378-5	2009	The expression of GAPD mRNA decreased on treatment with an activator for AMPK, 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	79-134	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	18-22
19571378-5	2009	The expression of GAPD mRNA decreased on treatment with an activator for AMPK, 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	136-141	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	18-22
19571378-5	2009	The expression of GAPD mRNA decreased on treatment with an activator for AMPK, 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	136-141	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
19415679-8	2009	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular energy sensor, by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), also markedly upregulated POX and increased POX-dependent ATP levels, further supporting its role during stress.	acadesine	129-134	proline dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
19617513-1	2009	The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on energy metabolism and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression in growing pigs using chronic treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) as a model.	acadesine	211-265	myosin heavy chain 3	Sus scrofa	141-145
19617513-4	2009	Using real-time PCR, electrophoresis, and Western blot analyses, we confirmed that AICAR treatment caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in type IIa MyHC isoform mRNA and protein levels and a concomitant increase (P < 0.05) in type IIx MyHC containing fibers.	acadesine	83-88	myosin heavy chain 3	Sus scrofa	143-147
19617513-4	2009	Using real-time PCR, electrophoresis, and Western blot analyses, we confirmed that AICAR treatment caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in type IIa MyHC isoform mRNA and protein levels and a concomitant increase (P < 0.05) in type IIx MyHC containing fibers.	acadesine	83-88	myosin heavy chain 3	Sus scrofa	233-237
19639604-7	2009	Intriguingly, though activation of AMPK by 0.3 and 1.0 mM AICAR synergized IGF-1-induced Akt activation, the expression of UL was not attenuated, but strengthened by AMPK activation.	acadesine	58-63	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
19639604-7	2009	Intriguingly, though activation of AMPK by 0.3 and 1.0 mM AICAR synergized IGF-1-induced Akt activation, the expression of UL was not attenuated, but strengthened by AMPK activation.	acadesine	58-63	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
19639604-7	2009	Intriguingly, though activation of AMPK by 0.3 and 1.0 mM AICAR synergized IGF-1-induced Akt activation, the expression of UL was not attenuated, but strengthened by AMPK activation.	acadesine	58-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
19574345-0	2009	Lipid-induced mTOR activation in rat skeletal muscle reversed by exercise and 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	78-133	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
19574345-8	2009	AMPK activation with 1 mM AICAR abolished lipid-induced mTOR activation in vitro.	acadesine	26-31	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19574345-8	2009	AMPK activation with 1 mM AICAR abolished lipid-induced mTOR activation in vitro.	acadesine	26-31	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
19723101-4	2009	The low-dose H(2)O(2) stimulated COX-2 expression, and treating cells with synthetic AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimiazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) resulted in greater suppression of COX-2 expression and PGE(2).	acadesine	100-105	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	197-202
19415679-8	2009	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular energy sensor, by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), also markedly upregulated POX and increased POX-dependent ATP levels, further supporting its role during stress.	acadesine	82-127	proline dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	181-184
19415679-8	2009	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the cellular energy sensor, by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), also markedly upregulated POX and increased POX-dependent ATP levels, further supporting its role during stress.	acadesine	129-134	proline dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	163-166
19214174-3	2009	Adipocytes were incubated either in the absence or in the presence of the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 0-500 micromol/l).	acadesine	87-141	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
19214174-5	2009	AICAR-induced (500 micromol/l) AMPK activation inhibited basal glycerol release by approximately 42, 41, and 44% in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal adipocytes, respectively.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
19214174-7	2009	The AMPK inhibitor compound C (20 micromol/l) prevented AICAR-induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly increased basal (approximately 1.3-, 1.4-, and 1.7-fold) and epinephrine-stimulated (approximately 1.3-, 1.2-, 1.4-fold) glycerol release in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal adipocytes, respectively.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
19214174-7	2009	The AMPK inhibitor compound C (20 micromol/l) prevented AICAR-induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly increased basal (approximately 1.3-, 1.4-, and 1.7-fold) and epinephrine-stimulated (approximately 1.3-, 1.2-, 1.4-fold) glycerol release in epididymal, retroperitoneal, and inguinal adipocytes, respectively.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
18473182-0	2009	Overexpression of CYP2E1 induces HepG2 cells death by the AMP kinase activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	79-134	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	18-24
18473182-0	2009	Overexpression of CYP2E1 induces HepG2 cells death by the AMP kinase activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	79-134	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	136-141
18473182-3	2009	5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is a cell-permeable AMPK activator.	acadesine	0-55	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	57-62
19438609-7	2009	Treatment with the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin blocked the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK and prevented AICAR from inhibiting the LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated PI3K/Akt pathway and attenuating iNOS expression.	acadesine	87-92	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	180-183
19438609-7	2009	Treatment with the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin blocked the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK and prevented AICAR from inhibiting the LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated PI3K/Akt pathway and attenuating iNOS expression.	acadesine	87-92	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	208-212
19438609-8	2009	Taken together, these observations suggest that AICAR inhibits LPS/IFN-gamma-induced Akt phosphorylation through AMPK activation and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.	acadesine	48-53	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	67-76
19438609-8	2009	Taken together, these observations suggest that AICAR inhibits LPS/IFN-gamma-induced Akt phosphorylation through AMPK activation and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.	acadesine	48-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	85-88
19357830-8	2009	The serine residue at amino acid position 385 of Kir6.2 was found to be the substrate phosphorylation site of AMPK when activated by rosiglitazone or AICAR.	acadesine	150-155	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
19299524-9	2009	Consistently, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, also had a cytoprotective and antioxidant effect against AA.	acadesine	14-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
19359610-9	2009	In addition, both NR4A1 and NR4A3 mRNA in epitrochlearis muscle were increased after 6-h incubation with 0.5 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, which activates AMP-activated protein kinase.	acadesine	112-166	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
19359610-9	2009	In addition, both NR4A1 and NR4A3 mRNA in epitrochlearis muscle were increased after 6-h incubation with 0.5 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, which activates AMP-activated protein kinase.	acadesine	112-166	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
19318234-7	2009	ET-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta(Ser9) was attenuated by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), Akt (Akt inhibitor VIII), ERK1/2 (PD98059) and by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	189-243	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
19318234-7	2009	ET-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta(Ser9) was attenuated by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), Akt (Akt inhibitor VIII), ERK1/2 (PD98059) and by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	189-243	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
19318234-7	2009	ET-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta(Ser9) was attenuated by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), Akt (Akt inhibitor VIII), ERK1/2 (PD98059) and by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	245-250	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
19318234-7	2009	ET-1-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3beta(Ser9) was attenuated by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002), Akt (Akt inhibitor VIII), ERK1/2 (PD98059) and by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	245-250	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
19166821-5	2009	Direct stimulation of AMPK with the cell-permeable activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), replicated leptin"s effects and conversely, Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, blocked leptin"s action.	acadesine	110-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
19347029-7	2009	Conversely, treatment of the C4-2 cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR), a prototypical AMPK activator, caused opposite changes.	acadesine	96-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
19190259-1	2009	We demonstrated previously that, in healthy young men, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulates human muscle 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake without detectable activation of muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but with extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation.	acadesine	55-109	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	111-116
19190259-1	2009	We demonstrated previously that, in healthy young men, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulates human muscle 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake without detectable activation of muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) but with extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation.	acadesine	55-109	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	291-297
19211918-6	2009	Immunofluorescence labeling of rat epididymis showed that perfusion in vivo with the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or A-769662 induced a redistribution of the V-ATPase into subapical vesicles, even in the presence of a luminal alkaline (pH 7.8) buffer compared with that of controls perfused without drug.	acadesine	157-162	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
19261894-6	2009	Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Delta psi(m) evident in many neurons.	acadesine	55-60	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
19261894-6	2009	Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Delta psi(m) evident in many neurons.	acadesine	55-60	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
19261894-6	2009	Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Delta psi(m) evident in many neurons.	acadesine	62-101	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
19261894-6	2009	Interestingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) alone also increased GLUT3 surface expression, with a hyperpolarization of Delta psi(m) evident in many neurons.	acadesine	62-101	solute carrier family 2 member 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
19166821-5	2009	Direct stimulation of AMPK with the cell-permeable activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), replicated leptin"s effects and conversely, Compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, blocked leptin"s action.	acadesine	110-115	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
19216758-4	2009	RESULTS: Here we show that 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-riboside (AICAR) is able to activate the molecular circuitry of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and maintain Nanog and Oct4 expression in mESC exposed to the differentiating agent retinoic acid.	acadesine	72-77	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	189-194
19216758-4	2009	RESULTS: Here we show that 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-riboside (AICAR) is able to activate the molecular circuitry of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and maintain Nanog and Oct4 expression in mESC exposed to the differentiating agent retinoic acid.	acadesine	72-77	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	199-203
18818284-2	2009	Using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we tested the hypothesis that AMPK modulates IL-6 release from isolated muscle.	acadesine	62-67	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	134-138
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
18818284-2	2009	Using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we tested the hypothesis that AMPK modulates IL-6 release from isolated muscle.	acadesine	62-67	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	171-175
18818284-2	2009	Using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we tested the hypothesis that AMPK modulates IL-6 release from isolated muscle.	acadesine	62-67	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	186-190
18927218-6	2009	The chemical activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, 0.5 mm) increased the cell cycle inhibitor p27 kip expression significantly, whereas the AMPK inhibitor (compound C, 20 microm) and FSH reduced p27kip expression significantly compared with control.	acadesine	32-86	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
18927218-6	2009	The chemical activator of AMPK (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, 0.5 mm) increased the cell cycle inhibitor p27 kip expression significantly, whereas the AMPK inhibitor (compound C, 20 microm) and FSH reduced p27kip expression significantly compared with control.	acadesine	32-86	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
18927218-10	2009	AMPK activation by 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside treatment resulted in a reduction of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D2 mRNA expression, whereas FSH increased the expression by 2-fold.	acadesine	19-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
18927218-10	2009	AMPK activation by 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside treatment resulted in a reduction of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D2 mRNA expression, whereas FSH increased the expression by 2-fold.	acadesine	19-74	cyclin D2	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
19262472-3	2009	Although the chemical reagent 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has been used to stimulate AMPK activity, AICAR has been associated with several nonspecific reactions.	acadesine	30-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
19144636-0	2009	AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in neural stem cell growth suppression and cell cycle arrest by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and glucose deprivation by down-regulating phospho-retinoblastoma protein and cyclin D. The fate of neural stem cells (NSCs), including their proliferation, differentiation, survival, and death, is regulated by multiple intrinsic signals and the extrinsic environment.	acadesine	105-159	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-28
19144636-1	2009	We had previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) directly induces astroglial differentiation of NSCs by activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	32-86	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	88-93
19144636-1	2009	We had previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) directly induces astroglial differentiation of NSCs by activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	32-86	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	187-237
19144636-1	2009	We had previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) directly induces astroglial differentiation of NSCs by activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	32-86	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	239-244
19144636-1	2009	We had previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) directly induces astroglial differentiation of NSCs by activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway independently of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	32-86	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	301-305
19262472-3	2009	Although the chemical reagent 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) has been used to stimulate AMPK activity, AICAR has been associated with several nonspecific reactions.	acadesine	86-91	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
18971392-8	2009	The negative effect of caffeine on AICAR-induced GLUT-4 expression was reduced by dantrolene, which desensitizes the ryanodine receptor.	acadesine	35-40	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Sus scrofa	49-55
19001547-9	2009	ERK inhibitor significantly reversed the AICAR-induced increase in eNOS and BMP-2 mRNA expression.	acadesine	41-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-3
19001547-9	2009	ERK inhibitor significantly reversed the AICAR-induced increase in eNOS and BMP-2 mRNA expression.	acadesine	41-46	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	76-81
19001547-10	2009	Measurement of ROK activities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that both AICAR and fasudil significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphate, a ROK substrate.	acadesine	86-91	Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	15-18
19001547-10	2009	Measurement of ROK activities by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that both AICAR and fasudil significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphate, a ROK substrate.	acadesine	86-91	Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	202-205
19005163-10	2009	The activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside increased PGC-1alpha promoter activity and mRNA levels but reduced ROS production.	acadesine	29-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	18-22
19005163-10	2009	The activation of AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside increased PGC-1alpha promoter activity and mRNA levels but reduced ROS production.	acadesine	29-83	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	94-104
18946175-8	2009	Our findings show that the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-dependent expression of PGC-1alpha is diminished by inhibitors of GSK-3beta or SIKs in C2C12 myoblasts.	acadesine	40-94	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	127-137
18946175-8	2009	Our findings show that the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-dependent expression of PGC-1alpha is diminished by inhibitors of GSK-3beta or SIKs in C2C12 myoblasts.	acadesine	96-101	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	127-137
18798311-1	2009	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICA riboside) has been extensively used in vitro and in vivo to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor involved in both cellular and whole body energy homeostasis.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	134-162
18798311-1	2009	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICA riboside) has been extensively used in vitro and in vivo to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor involved in both cellular and whole body energy homeostasis.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
18798311-1	2009	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICA riboside) has been extensively used in vitro and in vivo to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor involved in both cellular and whole body energy homeostasis.	acadesine	56-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	134-162
18798311-1	2009	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICA riboside) has been extensively used in vitro and in vivo to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor involved in both cellular and whole body energy homeostasis.	acadesine	56-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
18835932-8	2008	Exposure of HUVECs to either AICAR or metformin caused AMPK-dependent upregulation of both UCP-2 mRNA and UCP-2 protein.	acadesine	29-34	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	91-96
18756496-5	2009	A potent agonist of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) could also induce growth inhibition and apoptosis.	acadesine	26-71	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
18756496-5	2009	A potent agonist of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) could also induce growth inhibition and apoptosis.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
18756496-9	2009	Furthermore, p38 MAPK inhibitor attenuated 8-Cl-cAMP- or AICAR-induced growth inhibition but had no effect on AMPK activation.	acadesine	57-62	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	13-16
18801732-3	2008	We initially found that injecting fasted mice with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) markedly increased Ser-9 phosphorylation of hepatic GSK3beta within 15 min.	acadesine	51-96	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	98-103
18801732-3	2008	We initially found that injecting fasted mice with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) markedly increased Ser-9 phosphorylation of hepatic GSK3beta within 15 min.	acadesine	51-96	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	157-165
18835932-8	2008	Exposure of HUVECs to either AICAR or metformin caused AMPK-dependent upregulation of both UCP-2 mRNA and UCP-2 protein.	acadesine	29-34	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	106-111
18790741-8	2008	Preincubation of cardiomyocytes with the AMPK stimulator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 1 mM, 4 h) completely prevented the angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.	acadesine	57-111	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	156-170
18790741-8	2008	Preincubation of cardiomyocytes with the AMPK stimulator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 1 mM, 4 h) completely prevented the angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes hypertrophy.	acadesine	113-118	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	156-170
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	leptin	Homo sapiens	57-63
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	174-177
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	leptin	Homo sapiens	211-217
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	leptin	Homo sapiens	211-217
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	286-298
18801339-7	2008	A central role for AMP-dependent kinase as a mediator of leptin"s action is demonstrated by the ability of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) to decrease tau phosphorylation, and by blocking leptin in the presence of Compound C. Thus, leptin, which ameliorates both amyloid beta and tau-related pathological pathways, holds promise as a novel therapeutic for Alzheimer"s disease.	acadesine	155-160	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	303-306
18701654-3	2008	Using mouse fibroblasts of AMPK wild type and AMPK knockout, we documented that the expression of AMPK is essential for the glucose transport response to both azide and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	169-223	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
18701654-3	2008	Using mouse fibroblasts of AMPK wild type and AMPK knockout, we documented that the expression of AMPK is essential for the glucose transport response to both azide and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	169-223	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
18701654-3	2008	Using mouse fibroblasts of AMPK wild type and AMPK knockout, we documented that the expression of AMPK is essential for the glucose transport response to both azide and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	169-223	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
18701654-3	2008	Using mouse fibroblasts of AMPK wild type and AMPK knockout, we documented that the expression of AMPK is essential for the glucose transport response to both azide and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	225-230	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
18701654-3	2008	Using mouse fibroblasts of AMPK wild type and AMPK knockout, we documented that the expression of AMPK is essential for the glucose transport response to both azide and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	225-230	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
18701654-7	2008	SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38, prevented the phosphorylation of p38 and the glucose transport response to AICAR and, unexpectedly, to azide.	acadesine	107-112	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
18701654-7	2008	SB 203580, an inhibitor of p38, prevented the phosphorylation of p38 and the glucose transport response to AICAR and, unexpectedly, to azide.	acadesine	107-112	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
18562038-5	2008	In addition, the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) on PPARgamma expression in primary cultured adipocytes was investigated.	acadesine	75-80	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
18586954-3	2008	To examine these issues, we determined the effects of pharmacological activators of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and barberine, on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced neutrophil activation.	acadesine	90-144	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	171-191
18586954-3	2008	To examine these issues, we determined the effects of pharmacological activators of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and barberine, on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced neutrophil activation.	acadesine	90-144	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	193-197
18586954-5	2008	Exposure of LPS-stimulated neutrophils to AICAR or barberine inhibited release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, compared with findings in neutrophil cultures that contained LPS without AICAR or barberine.	acadesine	42-47	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-91
18586954-5	2008	Exposure of LPS-stimulated neutrophils to AICAR or barberine inhibited release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, compared with findings in neutrophil cultures that contained LPS without AICAR or barberine.	acadesine	42-47	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	96-100
18586954-5	2008	Exposure of LPS-stimulated neutrophils to AICAR or barberine inhibited release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, compared with findings in neutrophil cultures that contained LPS without AICAR or barberine.	acadesine	42-47	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	128-140
18586954-5	2008	Exposure of LPS-stimulated neutrophils to AICAR or barberine inhibited release of TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, compared with findings in neutrophil cultures that contained LPS without AICAR or barberine.	acadesine	42-47	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	170-179
18632735-6	2008	In native parotid cells, inhibitory effects of AMPK on ERK1/2 signaling were examined by activating AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is converted to an AMP mimetic but does not alter parotid ATP levels.	acadesine	110-164	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	176-182
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	262-266
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	334-340
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	262-266
19052260-9	2009	Finally, treating NuLi monolayers with the membrane permeant AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) caused a significant decrease of the KCa3.1-mediated short-circuit currents, an effect reversible by coincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. These observations argue for a regulation of KCa3.1 by AMPK in a functional epithelium through protein/protein interactions involving the gamma1-subunit of AMPK.	acadesine	132-137	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	262-266
18703760-2	2008	Short-term 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) administration in rats mimics exercise training on skeletal muscle in terms of increasing insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial enzymes, and GLUT4 content, but it is not known whether these adaptations are accompanied by reduced AMPK activation during subsequent exercise.	acadesine	59-64	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	204-209
18801929-9	2008	In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevented IGF-I/insulin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	acadesine	65-119	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
18801929-9	2008	In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) prevented IGF-I/insulin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.	acadesine	121-126	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
23489075-4	2008	CONCLUSION: Evidence obtained using the AMPK-activating compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) suggests that AMPK promotes glucose transport into skeletal muscles and that this enzyme inhibits hepatic glucose production.	acadesine	65-119	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
23489075-4	2008	CONCLUSION: Evidence obtained using the AMPK-activating compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) suggests that AMPK promotes glucose transport into skeletal muscles and that this enzyme inhibits hepatic glucose production.	acadesine	65-119	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
23489075-4	2008	CONCLUSION: Evidence obtained using the AMPK-activating compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) suggests that AMPK promotes glucose transport into skeletal muscles and that this enzyme inhibits hepatic glucose production.	acadesine	121-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
23489075-4	2008	CONCLUSION: Evidence obtained using the AMPK-activating compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) suggests that AMPK promotes glucose transport into skeletal muscles and that this enzyme inhibits hepatic glucose production.	acadesine	121-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	121-166	lipin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-16
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	121-166	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	244-269
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	121-166	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	271-279
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	168-173	lipin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-16
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	168-173	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	244-269
18656451-6	2008	Finally, lipin-1 mRNA expression in rat triceps muscle was significantly elevated at 6h after subcutaneous injections of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or clenbuterol, which are 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) activators, respectively.	acadesine	168-173	adrenoceptor beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	271-279
18606210-2	2008	Chronic treatment with the AMP analogue 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent the development of diabetes in rodents.	acadesine	96-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
18671468-8	2008	AMPK-activating agents with high oral bioavailability have potential application in impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and types 1 and 2 diabetes, however the poor oral bioavailability of acadesine precludes such application.	acadesine	200-209	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
18301390-7	2008	The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide ribonucleoside (AICAR) induced VEGF-A expression.	acadesine	66-71	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	81-87
18406347-5	2008	Expression of AMPK or treatment with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-d-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, activated the JNK/ATF3 pathways.	acadesine	37-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
18406347-5	2008	Expression of AMPK or treatment with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-d-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, activated the JNK/ATF3 pathways.	acadesine	37-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
18406347-5	2008	Expression of AMPK or treatment with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-d-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, activated the JNK/ATF3 pathways.	acadesine	37-42	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	131-134
18406347-5	2008	Expression of AMPK or treatment with AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-d-ribofuranoside), an AMPK activator, activated the JNK/ATF3 pathways.	acadesine	37-42	activating transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	135-139
18248608-4	2008	Pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) attenuated the psychosine-mediated down-regulation of AMPK and restored altered biosynthesis of lipids.	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
18405894-4	2008	Activation of AMPK by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the rates of constitutive exocytosis by about 2-fold.	acadesine	35-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
18405894-4	2008	Activation of AMPK by metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the rates of constitutive exocytosis by about 2-fold.	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
18405894-5	2008	Stimulation of exocytosis by AMPK occurred within minutes, and persisted after overnight exposure to metformin or AICAR.	acadesine	114-119	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
18258599-8	2008	In addition, we discovered that Tbc1d1 is much more highly expressed in skeletal muscle than fat and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside partially reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation by overexpressed Tbc1d1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	156-202	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
18258599-8	2008	In addition, we discovered that Tbc1d1 is much more highly expressed in skeletal muscle than fat and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside partially reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation by overexpressed Tbc1d1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	156-202	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
18258599-8	2008	In addition, we discovered that Tbc1d1 is much more highly expressed in skeletal muscle than fat and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside partially reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation by overexpressed Tbc1d1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	156-202	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	259-264
18258599-8	2008	In addition, we discovered that Tbc1d1 is much more highly expressed in skeletal muscle than fat and that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside partially reversed the inhibition of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation by overexpressed Tbc1d1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	156-202	TBC1 domain family member 1	Homo sapiens	296-302
18258599-9	2008	5"-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside activation of the kinase AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 translocation in muscle.	acadesine	0-46	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
18403917-3	2008	Chronic activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and beta-guanadinopropionic acid enhances mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, but AICAR or exercise-induced increases in mitochondrial markers are preserved in skeletal muscles from whole body AMPKalpha2 or muscle-specific LKB1 knockout mice.	acadesine	86-91	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	293-303
18403917-3	2008	Chronic activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and beta-guanadinopropionic acid enhances mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, but AICAR or exercise-induced increases in mitochondrial markers are preserved in skeletal muscles from whole body AMPKalpha2 or muscle-specific LKB1 knockout mice.	acadesine	86-91	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	323-327
18276828-11	2008	The AICAR-induced inhibition was partly rescued in extensor digitorum longus muscle from either alpha2 or gamma3 AMPK KO mice, indicating functional alpha2 and gamma3 subunits of AMPK are required for the reduction in mTOR signaling.	acadesine	4-9	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	113-117
18276828-11	2008	The AICAR-induced inhibition was partly rescued in extensor digitorum longus muscle from either alpha2 or gamma3 AMPK KO mice, indicating functional alpha2 and gamma3 subunits of AMPK are required for the reduction in mTOR signaling.	acadesine	4-9	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	218-222
18243130-6	2008	Conversely, activation of AMPK by AICAR also showed a significant inhibition of basal and serum-induced ERK phosphorylation but it showed a delayed and steadfast inhibition which appeared after 60min and lasted until 12h.	acadesine	34-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
18243130-6	2008	Conversely, activation of AMPK by AICAR also showed a significant inhibition of basal and serum-induced ERK phosphorylation but it showed a delayed and steadfast inhibition which appeared after 60min and lasted until 12h.	acadesine	34-39	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
18248608-4	2008	Pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) attenuated the psychosine-mediated down-regulation of AMPK and restored altered biosynthesis of lipids.	acadesine	91-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	152-156
18256313-8	2008	In vitro, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 2 mM) and globular adiponectin (10 mug/ml) activated catalytic AMPK in distal tubules isolated from kidneys of normal rats but much more weakly in those from diabetic rats.	acadesine	10-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
18184930-7	2008	Constitutively active but not dominant-negative AMPK and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment in human primary myotubes results in HDAC5 phosphorylation at S259 and S498, association with 14-3-3 isoforms, and H3 acetylation.	acadesine	113-118	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	167-172
18174285-6	2008	The AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly inhibited Pi-induced calcification in HASMC.	acadesine	20-65	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
18174285-6	2008	The AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly inhibited Pi-induced calcification in HASMC.	acadesine	20-65	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
18174285-6	2008	The AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly inhibited Pi-induced calcification in HASMC.	acadesine	67-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
18174285-6	2008	The AMPK activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), induced phosphorylation of AMPK and significantly inhibited Pi-induced calcification in HASMC.	acadesine	67-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
18187546-0	2008	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside reduces glucose uptake via the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes.	acadesine	0-54	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	100-118
18187546-3	2008	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is phosphorylated to form the AMP analog ZMP, which activates AMPK.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
18187546-3	2008	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is phosphorylated to form the AMP analog ZMP, which activates AMPK.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
18187546-12	2008	Moreover, we found that AICAR decreases intracellular pH, via inhibition of NHE1.	acadesine	24-29	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
18195011-4	2008	Similar to oxidative stress, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, inhibited RPE cell phagocytosis of POS in a dose-dependent manner.	acadesine	29-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
18195011-4	2008	Similar to oxidative stress, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, inhibited RPE cell phagocytosis of POS in a dose-dependent manner.	acadesine	70-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	109-113
18195011-6	2008	In agreement, AICAR-induced activation of AMPK was abolished by preincubation with dipyridamole or 5-iodotubercidin.	acadesine	14-19	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
18199594-3	2008	In this study, we investigated the counter-regulation of substrate-induced translocation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), which is metabolized by hepatocytes to an AMP analog, and causes activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and depletion of ATP.	acadesine	99-153	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	92-97
18326758-2	2008	The role of AMPK in retinal pigment epithelial cell inflammatory response is addressed using AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	108-147	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	149-154
18031613-1	2007	AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR) on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in the human epithelial cervical cancer cell line CaSki cells.	acadesine	65-110	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	112-117
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	32-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	32-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	32-37	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	112-131
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	32-37	solute carrier family 34 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	278-285
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	39-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	41-80	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	41-80	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	177-208
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	41-80	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	210-214
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	41-80	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	220-236
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	41-80	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	238-243
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	82-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	106-110
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	82-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	177-208
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	82-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	210-214
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	82-87	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	220-236
17615555-2	2008	In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in macrophages and microglial cells at the gene transcription level.	acadesine	82-87	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	238-243
17615555-5	2008	Regardless of the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK, the inhibitory effects of AICAR on iNOS and COX-2 expression were not associated with AMPK.	acadesine	79-84	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
17615555-5	2008	Regardless of the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK, the inhibitory effects of AICAR on iNOS and COX-2 expression were not associated with AMPK.	acadesine	79-84	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	97-102
17615555-6	2008	An adenosine kinase inhibitor 5"-iodotubercidin, which effectively abolished AMPK activation caused by AICAR, did not reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of AICAR.	acadesine	103-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	37-41
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	169-174
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	304-309
18063805-2	2008	In mice, muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, a component of the upstream kinase of AMPK, prevents contraction- and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, and the increase in hexokinase II protein that is normally observed with chronic AICAR activation of AMPK.	acadesine	113-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
18035054-0	2008	Transcriptional mechanism of suppression of insulin gene expression by AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in beta-cells.	acadesine	110-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
18035054-0	2008	Transcriptional mechanism of suppression of insulin gene expression by AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in beta-cells.	acadesine	110-149	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-99
18035054-0	2008	Transcriptional mechanism of suppression of insulin gene expression by AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in beta-cells.	acadesine	151-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
18035054-0	2008	Transcriptional mechanism of suppression of insulin gene expression by AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in beta-cells.	acadesine	151-156	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-99
17942824-3	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used diazoxide in rats to induce hyperglycemia or used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and thrombin to directly stimulate AMPK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), respectively, in cardiomyocytes.	acadesine	87-141	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
17942824-3	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used diazoxide in rats to induce hyperglycemia or used 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and thrombin to directly stimulate AMPK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), respectively, in cardiomyocytes.	acadesine	87-141	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	194-230
18400728-9	2008	The AMP kinase (AMPK)-activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside) enhanced and the fatty acid synthase-AMPK inhibitor C75 (3-carboxy-4-octyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone trans-4-carboxy-5-octyl-3-methylenebutyrolactone) prevented fructose inhibition of NaPi-2b but had no effect on expression of other transporters.	acadesine	39-93	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
18194429-6	2008	Treatment with AICAR (5 mM) or metformin (5 mM) for 4 h inhibited GnRH release in the presence or absence of GnRH (10(-8) M).	acadesine	15-20	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	66-70
18194429-6	2008	Treatment with AICAR (5 mM) or metformin (5 mM) for 4 h inhibited GnRH release in the presence or absence of GnRH (10(-8) M).	acadesine	15-20	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	109-113
18194429-7	2008	Specific AMPK inhibitor compound C completely eliminated the effects of AICAR or metformin on GnRH release.	acadesine	72-77	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Mus musculus	94-98
17615555-0	2008	Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside is independent of AMP-activated protein kinase.	acadesine	113-152	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	41-72
17615555-0	2008	Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside is independent of AMP-activated protein kinase.	acadesine	113-152	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	77-93
17478073-9	2008	We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells.	acadesine	50-55	insulin like growth factor 1	Gallus gallus	130-135
17478073-9	2008	We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells.	acadesine	57-102	insulin like growth factor 1	Gallus gallus	130-135
17478073-10	2008	AICAR treatment (1mM, 36h) increased IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation in F1 granulosa cells.	acadesine	0-5	insulin like growth factor 1	Gallus gallus	37-42
17995453-8	2008	In rat L6 myotubes, endogenous TBC1D1 is strongly phosphorylated on Ser237 and binds to 14-3-3s in response to the AMPK activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside), phenformin and A-769662, whereas insulin promotes phosphorylation of Thr596 but not 14-3-3 binding.	acadesine	131-136	TBC1 domain family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
17995453-8	2008	In rat L6 myotubes, endogenous TBC1D1 is strongly phosphorylated on Ser237 and binds to 14-3-3s in response to the AMPK activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside), phenformin and A-769662, whereas insulin promotes phosphorylation of Thr596 but not 14-3-3 binding.	acadesine	131-136	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
17995453-8	2008	In rat L6 myotubes, endogenous TBC1D1 is strongly phosphorylated on Ser237 and binds to 14-3-3s in response to the AMPK activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside), phenformin and A-769662, whereas insulin promotes phosphorylation of Thr596 but not 14-3-3 binding.	acadesine	131-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	225-232
17945190-1	2008	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is a commonly used pharmacological agent to study physiological effects which are similar to those of exercise.	acadesine	0-54	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	56-61
17925454-4	2007	Comparing wild-type (WT) and skeletal/cardiac muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (KO) mice, we found that the 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-stimulated decrease in malonyl-CoA levels in WT heart and quadriceps muscles was entirely dependent on the presence of LKB1, as was the AICAR-induced increase in fatty-acid oxidation in EDL muscles in vitro, since these responses were not observed in KO mice.	acadesine	105-159	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	62-66
17925454-4	2007	Comparing wild-type (WT) and skeletal/cardiac muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (KO) mice, we found that the 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-stimulated decrease in malonyl-CoA levels in WT heart and quadriceps muscles was entirely dependent on the presence of LKB1, as was the AICAR-induced increase in fatty-acid oxidation in EDL muscles in vitro, since these responses were not observed in KO mice.	acadesine	105-159	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	287-291
17925454-4	2007	Comparing wild-type (WT) and skeletal/cardiac muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (KO) mice, we found that the 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-stimulated decrease in malonyl-CoA levels in WT heart and quadriceps muscles was entirely dependent on the presence of LKB1, as was the AICAR-induced increase in fatty-acid oxidation in EDL muscles in vitro, since these responses were not observed in KO mice.	acadesine	161-166	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	62-66
17786544-5	2007	We found that in response to treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), the LKB1 deficient cancer cell line, HeLa, exhibited AMPK-alpha phosphorylation.	acadesine	100-105	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	112-116
17786544-11	2007	Our results demonstrate that AICAR treatment could lead to phosphorylation of AMPK in an ATM-dependent and LKB1-independent manner.	acadesine	29-34	ataxia telangiectasia mutated	Mus musculus	89-92
17786544-11	2007	Our results demonstrate that AICAR treatment could lead to phosphorylation of AMPK in an ATM-dependent and LKB1-independent manner.	acadesine	29-34	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	107-111
17877757-6	2007	The inhibitory effects of AICAR in poly (I:C)-mediated signalling for NF-kappaB activation and production of TNF-alpha were analysed in vitro.	acadesine	26-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	109-118
18047638-5	2007	The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMP kinase) was phosphorylated by both adiponectin and a pharmacological AMP kinase activator, 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), in the cells.	acadesine	191-196	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	93-104
17877757-11	2007	Moreover, AICAR effectively inhibited poly (I:C)-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha.	acadesine	10-15	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-113
17617058-2	2007	Having isolated AS160 by 14-3-3-affinity chromatography, we found that binding of AS160 to 14-3-3 isoforms in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells was induced by IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), EGF (epidermal growth factor), PMA and, to a lesser extent, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside).	acadesine	262-267	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
17666490-8	2007	Furthermore, L6 myotubes exposed to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for 16 h presented an approximately ninefold increase in GLUT4 mRNA, whereas cotreatment with the non-isoform-specific NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, prevented approximately 70% of this effect.	acadesine	36-90	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
17666490-8	2007	Furthermore, L6 myotubes exposed to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for 16 h presented an approximately ninefold increase in GLUT4 mRNA, whereas cotreatment with the non-isoform-specific NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, prevented approximately 70% of this effect.	acadesine	92-97	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
17666490-9	2007	In vivo, GLUT4 mRNA was increased 1.8-fold in the rat plantaris muscle 12 h after AICAR injection, and this induction was reduced by approximately 50% in animals cotreated with the neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases selective inhibitor 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-imidazole.	acadesine	82-87	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
17669398-2	2007	In this study, we show that the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAr) and D942 inhibit cell growth in MM cell lines.	acadesine	48-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
17669398-2	2007	In this study, we show that the AMPK activators 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAr) and D942 inhibit cell growth in MM cell lines.	acadesine	89-94	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	32-36
17669398-3	2007	AICAr also induced an S-phase cell cycle arrest in all four tested cell lines and led to phosphorylation and thus activation of AMPK.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	128-132
17909267-1	2007	The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, is present in Sertoli cells and whether its activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in the regulation of cell metabolism to ensure lactate supply for germ cell development.	acadesine	256-261	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-88
17909267-1	2007	The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, is present in Sertoli cells and whether its activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR) results in the regulation of cell metabolism to ensure lactate supply for germ cell development.	acadesine	256-261	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-85
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
17909267-10	2007	As for the role of AMPK in the regulation of the monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), it has been observed that AICAR treatment decreased MCT1 and increased MCT4 mRNA levels.	acadesine	129-134	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
17617058-2	2007	Having isolated AS160 by 14-3-3-affinity chromatography, we found that binding of AS160 to 14-3-3 isoforms in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells was induced by IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), EGF (epidermal growth factor), PMA and, to a lesser extent, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside).	acadesine	262-267	TBC1 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
17617058-2	2007	Having isolated AS160 by 14-3-3-affinity chromatography, we found that binding of AS160 to 14-3-3 isoforms in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells was induced by IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), EGF (epidermal growth factor), PMA and, to a lesser extent, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside).	acadesine	262-267	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
17617058-2	2007	Having isolated AS160 by 14-3-3-affinity chromatography, we found that binding of AS160 to 14-3-3 isoforms in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells was induced by IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1), EGF (epidermal growth factor), PMA and, to a lesser extent, AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside).	acadesine	262-267	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	171-199
17575082-10	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside, another AMPK activator, also prevented the effects of excess IGF-I on blastocysts.	acadesine	0-54	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
17934342-9	2007	Compared with 24-month old rats, administration of the specific activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), significantly elevated AMPKalpha activity and GluT4 expression.	acadesine	83-122	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
17934342-9	2007	Compared with 24-month old rats, administration of the specific activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), significantly elevated AMPKalpha activity and GluT4 expression.	acadesine	83-122	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
17934342-9	2007	Compared with 24-month old rats, administration of the specific activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), significantly elevated AMPKalpha activity and GluT4 expression.	acadesine	124-129	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
17934342-9	2007	Compared with 24-month old rats, administration of the specific activator of AMPK, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), significantly elevated AMPKalpha activity and GluT4 expression.	acadesine	124-129	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
17167773-5	2007	Both glucose limitation and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment during insulin pre-treatment curtailed glycogen accumulation, and concomitantly restored insulin-sensitive glycogen synthesis and GS activation, although GS de-phosphorylation and PKB phosphorylation remained impaired.	acadesine	28-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
17623090-6	2007	RESULTS: We found that treatment with AICAR inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1-phase, and apoptosis in CCRF-CEM (T-ALL), NALM6 (Bp-ALL), REH (Bp-ALL, TEL/AML1) and SupB15 (Bp-ALL, BCR/ABL) cells.	acadesine	38-43	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	164-167
17623090-6	2007	RESULTS: We found that treatment with AICAR inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1-phase, and apoptosis in CCRF-CEM (T-ALL), NALM6 (Bp-ALL), REH (Bp-ALL, TEL/AML1) and SupB15 (Bp-ALL, BCR/ABL) cells.	acadesine	38-43	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	177-180
17623090-6	2007	RESULTS: We found that treatment with AICAR inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1-phase, and apoptosis in CCRF-CEM (T-ALL), NALM6 (Bp-ALL), REH (Bp-ALL, TEL/AML1) and SupB15 (Bp-ALL, BCR/ABL) cells.	acadesine	38-43	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
17623090-10	2007	Additionally, AICAR treatment resulted in phosphorylation of Akt suggesting that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a compensatory survival mechanism in response to apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest.	acadesine	14-19	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
17623090-10	2007	Additionally, AICAR treatment resulted in phosphorylation of Akt suggesting that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a compensatory survival mechanism in response to apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest.	acadesine	14-19	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	F-box protein 32	Homo sapiens	246-255
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	F-box protein 32	Homo sapiens	256-261
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	tripartite motif containing 63	Homo sapiens	263-268
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	303-314
17617726-3	2007	The present study was designed to examine the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced AMPK signaling on effector mechanisms of myofibrillar protein degradation and the expression of atrophy-related genes (atrogin-1/MAFbx, MuRF1, proteasome C2 subunit, calpains, cathepsin B, and caspase-3) in C2C12 myotubes.	acadesine	112-117	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	320-329
17603555-1	2007	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by metformin, phenformin, and the AMP mimetic, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	120-174	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
17513706-1	2007	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rodent muscle by exercise, metformin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), and adiponectin increases glucose uptake.	acadesine	91-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
17620104-2	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is transformed into riboside monophosphate (ZMP) via phosphorylation by adenosine kinase inside the cell and exerts it effect by stimulating AMPK.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
17620104-4	2007	In addition, compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, as well as 5"-amino-5"-dAdo, an adenosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits the AICAR-induced AMPK activity.	acadesine	117-122	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
17620104-4	2007	In addition, compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, as well as 5"-amino-5"-dAdo, an adenosine kinase inhibitor, inhibits the AICAR-induced AMPK activity.	acadesine	117-122	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
17446219-11	2007	Finally, AICAR-induced relaxation of aortic rings was completely abolished in AMPKalpha1-/- but not AMPKalpha2-/- mice.	acadesine	9-14	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	78-88
17167773-5	2007	Both glucose limitation and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment during insulin pre-treatment curtailed glycogen accumulation, and concomitantly restored insulin-sensitive glycogen synthesis and GS activation, although GS de-phosphorylation and PKB phosphorylation remained impaired.	acadesine	28-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
17167773-5	2007	Both glucose limitation and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment during insulin pre-treatment curtailed glycogen accumulation, and concomitantly restored insulin-sensitive glycogen synthesis and GS activation, although GS de-phosphorylation and PKB phosphorylation remained impaired.	acadesine	84-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
17167773-5	2007	Both glucose limitation and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment during insulin pre-treatment curtailed glycogen accumulation, and concomitantly restored insulin-sensitive glycogen synthesis and GS activation, although GS de-phosphorylation and PKB phosphorylation remained impaired.	acadesine	84-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
17332500-8	2007	We also found that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, a pharmacological AMPK activator in mammalian cells, mimics mitochondrial disease in impairing Dictyostelium phototaxis and that AMPKalpha antisense-inhibited cells were resistant to this effect.	acadesine	19-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
17513605-0	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside sensitizes TRAIL- and TNF{alpha}-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling.	acadesine	0-39	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	51-57
17513605-0	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside sensitizes TRAIL- and TNF{alpha}-induced cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells through AMP-activated protein kinase signaling.	acadesine	0-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
17513605-2	2007	In this study, we have investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside [AICAR; a pharmacologic activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] in sensitizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- and TNFalpha-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells.	acadesine	76-115	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	205-288
17167165-9	2007	Other known PRKA activators, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, also blocked meiotic resumption in COC.	acadesine	29-83	A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6	Mus musculus	12-16
17215282-4	2007	Using the AMPK-activating drug 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), we showed that, by 12 h post-HCMV infection, inhibition of mTOR by AMPK is circumvented.	acadesine	70-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
17215282-4	2007	Using the AMPK-activating drug 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), we showed that, by 12 h post-HCMV infection, inhibition of mTOR by AMPK is circumvented.	acadesine	70-75	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	137-141
17215282-4	2007	Using the AMPK-activating drug 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribose (AICAR), we showed that, by 12 h post-HCMV infection, inhibition of mTOR by AMPK is circumvented.	acadesine	70-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	145-149
17167165-9	2007	Other known PRKA activators, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin, also blocked meiotic resumption in COC.	acadesine	85-90	A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 6	Mus musculus	12-16
17496363-9	2007	These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	acadesine	99-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
17496363-9	2007	These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	acadesine	146-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
17032173-10	2007	Moreover, the AMPK activator AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside) induced PBREM transactivation and an accumulation of CAR in the nuclear fraction of the mouse liver.	acadesine	29-34	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
17185376-9	2007	Counterregulatory hormone responses were impaired by recurrent neuroglucopenia and were partially restored by icv injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, an AMPK activator, before 2DG.	acadesine	127-181	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-190
17179149-1	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr), a commonly used indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in freshly isolated hepatocytes.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-130
17179149-1	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr), a commonly used indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in freshly isolated hepatocytes.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
17179149-1	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr), a commonly used indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in freshly isolated hepatocytes.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	102-130
17179149-1	2007	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAr), a commonly used indirect activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis in freshly isolated hepatocytes.	acadesine	56-61	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
17218607-4	2007	Moreover, shear stress and the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated endothelial HCR activity by 37% and 33%, respectively.	acadesine	46-91	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 1	Mus musculus	123-126
17218607-4	2007	Moreover, shear stress and the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) attenuated endothelial HCR activity by 37% and 33%, respectively.	acadesine	93-98	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 1	Mus musculus	123-126
17032173-10	2007	Moreover, the AMPK activator AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside) induced PBREM transactivation and an accumulation of CAR in the nuclear fraction of the mouse liver.	acadesine	36-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
17032173-10	2007	Moreover, the AMPK activator AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside) induced PBREM transactivation and an accumulation of CAR in the nuclear fraction of the mouse liver.	acadesine	36-75	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	31-34
16943243-3	2007	Here we found that treatment of Glut1-expressing Clone 9 cells with sodium azide (5 mM for 2 h) or the AMPK activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 2 mM for 2 h) stimulated the rate of glucose transport by two- to fourfold.	acadesine	118-173	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
17018841-6	2007	Metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-riboside (AICAR) increased AMPK phosphorylation, inhibited high-glucose stimulation of protein synthesis, and prevented high-glucose-induced changes in phosphorylation of 4E binding protein 1 and eukaryotic elongation factor 2.	acadesine	61-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
16870829-5	2007	Exposure of cells to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-D-ribofuranoside (an AMPK activator) increased insulin action in uninfected myotubes and myotubes transduced with green fluorescent protein but not in Ad-AMPK-DN-infected myotubes.	acadesine	21-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
17181154-2	2006	Here we present a combined structure- and dynamics-based computational design strategy, taking the flexibility of the receptor and of a lead peptidic antagonist into account explicitly, to identify the nonpeptidic small molecule 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) as a structurally novel inhibitor of Hsp90.	acadesine	229-283	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	329-334
17181154-2	2006	Here we present a combined structure- and dynamics-based computational design strategy, taking the flexibility of the receptor and of a lead peptidic antagonist into account explicitly, to identify the nonpeptidic small molecule 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) as a structurally novel inhibitor of Hsp90.	acadesine	285-290	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	329-334
16943243-3	2007	Here we found that treatment of Glut1-expressing Clone 9 cells with sodium azide (5 mM for 2 h) or the AMPK activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 2 mM for 2 h) stimulated the rate of glucose transport by two- to fourfold.	acadesine	118-173	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
16943243-3	2007	Here we found that treatment of Glut1-expressing Clone 9 cells with sodium azide (5 mM for 2 h) or the AMPK activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 2 mM for 2 h) stimulated the rate of glucose transport by two- to fourfold.	acadesine	175-180	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
16943243-3	2007	Here we found that treatment of Glut1-expressing Clone 9 cells with sodium azide (5 mM for 2 h) or the AMPK activator 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR, 2 mM for 2 h) stimulated the rate of glucose transport by two- to fourfold.	acadesine	175-180	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
17085580-7	2006	In culture, endogenous TAK1 was activated by oligomycin, the antidiabetic drug metformin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), and ischemia, well established triggers of AMPK activity.	acadesine	90-129	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	23-27
17085580-7	2006	In culture, endogenous TAK1 was activated by oligomycin, the antidiabetic drug metformin, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), and ischemia, well established triggers of AMPK activity.	acadesine	131-136	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Mus musculus	23-27
16873531-9	2006	Our results indicate that AICAR-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation caused a time-dependent reduction in Akt308 phosphorylation, activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3alpha/beta, and the inactivation of glycogen synthase, which are compatible with the acute reduction in insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in oxidative but not glycolytic skeletal muscles.	acadesine	26-31	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	155-186
16880506-5	2006	In contrast, downregulation of LKB1 did not affect thrombin-induced AMPK activation but abolished phosphorylation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	127-172	serine/threonine kinase 11	Homo sapiens	31-35
17173081-3	2006	We measured the effects of the pharmacological AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside) and globular adiponectin on phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.	acadesine	62-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
17173081-3	2006	We measured the effects of the pharmacological AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside) and globular adiponectin on phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.	acadesine	69-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
17173081-3	2006	We measured the effects of the pharmacological AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside) and globular adiponectin on phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC.	acadesine	69-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-161
16983558-10	2006	To test whether the AICAR-induced inhibition of NHE1 arose through adenosine, we used the adenosine receptor blocker 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (8-SPT) and found that it had no measureable effect.	acadesine	20-25	solute carrier family 9 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
16943194-10	2006	Finally, evidence is provided that ZMP, a compound formed in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside-treated cells to activate AMPK in vivo, allosterically activates purified AMPK in vitro, but compared with AMP, maximal activity is not reached.	acadesine	61-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	142-146
16943194-10	2006	Finally, evidence is provided that ZMP, a compound formed in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside-treated cells to activate AMPK in vivo, allosterically activates purified AMPK in vitro, but compared with AMP, maximal activity is not reached.	acadesine	61-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	190-194
16849326-3	2006	AMPK activation by the AMP mimetic AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) has been shown to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis.	acadesine	35-40	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16849326-3	2006	AMPK activation by the AMP mimetic AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) has been shown to inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis.	acadesine	42-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16816404-0	2006	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside-induced AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation inhibits basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, lipid synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation in isolated rat adipocytes.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-91
16816404-1	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes.	acadesine	62-116	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-161
16816404-1	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes.	acadesine	62-116	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
16816404-1	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes.	acadesine	118-123	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	133-161
16816404-1	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose and fatty acid metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes.	acadesine	118-123	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
16816404-3	2006	We also describe the novel findings that AICAR-induced AMPK phosphorylation significantly reduced palmitate (32%) and oleate uptake (41%), which was followed by a 50% reduction in palmitate oxidation despite a marked increase in AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
16816404-3	2006	We also describe the novel findings that AICAR-induced AMPK phosphorylation significantly reduced palmitate (32%) and oleate uptake (41%), which was followed by a 50% reduction in palmitate oxidation despite a marked increase in AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	229-233
16822822-6	2006	Overexpression of SOCS3 via adenovirus-mediated infection in lean myotubes to a similar degree as observed in obese myotubes prevented leptin but not AICAR (5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside) activation of AMPK signaling.	acadesine	157-212	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	18-23
16985054-4	2006	Methotrexate enhanced the AICA riboside-induced accumulation of ZMP and led to a decrease in the levels of ATP, which functions as an intrasteric inhibitor of AMPK.	acadesine	26-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
16770773-9	2006	By using in vitro model of endothelial-leukocyte interaction, we showed that AICAR inhibited adhesion of monocytes to tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated endothelial cells.	acadesine	77-82	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-145
16880506-5	2006	In contrast, downregulation of LKB1 did not affect thrombin-induced AMPK activation but abolished phosphorylation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	127-172	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	117-121
16831604-5	2006	RESULTS: We show here that HGF and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induce the phosphorylation of AMPK in hepatocytes and that SAM blocks this process.	acadesine	76-81	hepatocyte growth factor	Mus musculus	27-30
16760336-9	2006	Overall, the data support the conclusion that AICAR-induced AMPK activation suppresses protein synthesis through concurrent repression of mTOR signaling and activation of MAPK signaling, the combination of which modulates transient changes in the initiation and elongation phases of mRNA translation.	acadesine	46-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	138-142
16760336-9	2006	Overall, the data support the conclusion that AICAR-induced AMPK activation suppresses protein synthesis through concurrent repression of mTOR signaling and activation of MAPK signaling, the combination of which modulates transient changes in the initiation and elongation phases of mRNA translation.	acadesine	46-51	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	171-175
16804075-3	2006	We show that AICAR increases AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and AS160 phosphorylation by insulin-independent mechanisms in isolated skeletal muscle.	acadesine	13-18	TBC1 domain family, member 4	Mus musculus	63-68
16831604-6	2006	We also show that HGF- and AICAR-induced AMPK activation stimulate the transport from nucleus to cytoplasm of HuR, an RNA-binding protein that increases the half-life of target mRNA such as cyclin A2, and that SAM blocks this process.	acadesine	27-32	ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision)-like 1 (Hu antigen R)	Mus musculus	110-113
16831604-6	2006	We also show that HGF- and AICAR-induced AMPK activation stimulate the transport from nucleus to cytoplasm of HuR, an RNA-binding protein that increases the half-life of target mRNA such as cyclin A2, and that SAM blocks this process.	acadesine	27-32	cyclin A2	Mus musculus	190-199
16585211-0	2006	5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside potentiates both transport of reduced folates and antifolates by the human reduced folate carrier and their subsequent metabolism.	acadesine	0-39	solute carrier family 19 member 1	Homo sapiens	115-137
16837613-8	2006	In the absence of FSH, AICAR treatment increased progesterone, P450 side chain cleavage and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) production in both F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells.	acadesine	23-28	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	124-128
16731851-7	2006	The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 1 mmol/l, 16 h) only partially decreased glucose-induced ROS by 22% (P<0.05).	acadesine	19-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
16731851-7	2006	The AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 1 mmol/l, 16 h) only partially decreased glucose-induced ROS by 22% (P<0.05).	acadesine	75-80	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	4-8
16636195-7	2006	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha- and interleukin-1beta-induced NF-kappaB reporter gene expression.	acadesine	79-84	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
16636195-7	2006	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha- and interleukin-1beta-induced NF-kappaB reporter gene expression.	acadesine	79-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	114-123
16636195-7	2006	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha- and interleukin-1beta-induced NF-kappaB reporter gene expression.	acadesine	79-84	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	129-146
16636195-9	2006	The small interfering RNA for AMPKalpha1 attenuated metformin or AICAR-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha, suggesting a possible role of AMPK in the regulation of cell inflammation.	acadesine	65-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-40
16636195-9	2006	The small interfering RNA for AMPKalpha1 attenuated metformin or AICAR-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha, suggesting a possible role of AMPK in the regulation of cell inflammation.	acadesine	65-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-126
16636195-9	2006	The small interfering RNA for AMPKalpha1 attenuated metformin or AICAR-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha, suggesting a possible role of AMPK in the regulation of cell inflammation.	acadesine	65-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
16620785-9	2006	These findings show that Akt dephosphorylation often occurs concomitantly with AMPK activation when cells are treated with phenformin or AICAR, indicating that these drugs do not only affect AMPK but also cause a coordinated inverse regulation of AMPK and Akt.	acadesine	137-142	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
16620785-9	2006	These findings show that Akt dephosphorylation often occurs concomitantly with AMPK activation when cells are treated with phenformin or AICAR, indicating that these drugs do not only affect AMPK but also cause a coordinated inverse regulation of AMPK and Akt.	acadesine	137-142	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
16321138-5	2006	The AMPK activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin also stimulated Bax translocation.	acadesine	20-25	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
16321138-5	2006	The AMPK activators AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside) and metformin also stimulated Bax translocation.	acadesine	27-72	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
16567505-0	2006	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and metformin inhibit hepatic glucose phosphorylation by an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent effect on glucokinase translocation.	acadesine	0-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-143
16567505-0	2006	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and metformin inhibit hepatic glucose phosphorylation by an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent effect on glucokinase translocation.	acadesine	0-54	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	166-177
16567505-3	2006	We report here that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and oligomycin activated AMPK and inhibited glucose phosphorylation and glycolysis in rat hepatocytes.	acadesine	20-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
16567505-3	2006	We report here that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), metformin, and oligomycin activated AMPK and inhibited glucose phosphorylation and glycolysis in rat hepatocytes.	acadesine	76-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
16567505-8	2006	Finally, AICAR, metformin, and oligomycin were found to inhibit the glucose-induced translocation of glucokinase from the nucleus to the cytosol by a mechanism that could be related to the decrease in intracellular ATP concentrations observed in these conditions.	acadesine	9-14	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	101-112
16515522-6	2006	These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	acadesine	99-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
16483872-9	2006	Repeated intraperitoneal injection of AICAR, 3 times a day for 4 to 7 days, increased soleus GLUT4 protein by 30% concomitant with a significant 20% increase in insulin-stimulated 2DG transport.	acadesine	38-43	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	93-98
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	37-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	18-22
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	37-82	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Sus scrofa	120-129
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	37-82	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	147-152
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	84-89	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	18-22
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	84-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Sus scrofa	120-129
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	84-89	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Sus scrofa	147-152
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	84-89	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	228-237
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	84-89	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	242-247
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	267-272	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Sus scrofa	18-22
16364253-3	2006	Here we show that AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases mRNA expression of PPARalpha target genes and PGC-1 in cultured muscle cells and mouse skeletal muscle, and that inhibition of PPARalpha and PGC-1 by siRNAs prevents AICAR-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	267-272	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Sus scrofa	120-129
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	102-106
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	140-144
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	215-219
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	heat shock protein 86, pseudogene 1	Mus musculus	225-230
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	267-278
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	267-271
16443786-5	2006	Furthermore, administration of metformin as well as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, an AMPK agonist, significantly increased eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation, NO bioactivity, and coimmunoprecipitation of eNOS with hsp90 in wild-type C57BL6 mice but not in AMPK-alpha1 knockout mice, suggesting that AMPK is required for metformin-enhanced eNOS activation in vivo.	acadesine	52-97	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	215-219
17065104-4	2006	The results demonstrate that AICA riboside activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase 9.	acadesine	29-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	53-81
17065104-4	2006	The results demonstrate that AICA riboside activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase 9.	acadesine	29-42	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
17065104-4	2006	The results demonstrate that AICA riboside activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase 9.	acadesine	29-42	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	109-121
17065104-4	2006	The results demonstrate that AICA riboside activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), induces release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase 9.	acadesine	29-42	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	158-167
17065104-9	2006	AICA riboside, which can be generated from the ribotide (an intermediate of the purine de novo synthesis) by the action of the ubiquitous cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (cN-II), may accumulate in those individuals in which an inborn error of purine metabolism causes both a building up of intermediates and/or an increase of the rate of de novo synthesis, and/or an overexpression of cN-II.	acadesine	0-13	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	148-163
17065104-9	2006	AICA riboside, which can be generated from the ribotide (an intermediate of the purine de novo synthesis) by the action of the ubiquitous cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (cN-II), may accumulate in those individuals in which an inborn error of purine metabolism causes both a building up of intermediates and/or an increase of the rate of de novo synthesis, and/or an overexpression of cN-II.	acadesine	0-13	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	165-170
17065104-9	2006	AICA riboside, which can be generated from the ribotide (an intermediate of the purine de novo synthesis) by the action of the ubiquitous cytosolic 5"-nucleotidase (cN-II), may accumulate in those individuals in which an inborn error of purine metabolism causes both a building up of intermediates and/or an increase of the rate of de novo synthesis, and/or an overexpression of cN-II.	acadesine	0-13	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	379-384
16229818-6	2005	Pretreatment with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor blocked AICAR-induced IL-6 production; furthermore, AICAR-activated p38 MAPK phosphorylation by Western blot.	acadesine	80-85	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	94-98
16380538-3	2006	Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat cardiac fibroblasts and increased Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and activity.	acadesine	52-57	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
16380538-3	2006	Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat cardiac fibroblasts and increased Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and activity.	acadesine	52-57	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
16380538-3	2006	Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat cardiac fibroblasts and increased Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and activity.	acadesine	52-57	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	130-169
16380538-7	2006	Treatment of rats with AICAR (1 mg/g body weight per day) for 1 week significantly enhanced Ang II-induced hypertrophy of the myocardium.	acadesine	23-28	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
16515522-6	2006	These data, along with evidence from studies showing that chemical activation of AMPK in vivo with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) improves blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles, make this enzyme an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders.	acadesine	146-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	84-138	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	43-71
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	84-138	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	84-138	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	140-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	43-71
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	140-145	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
16105857-2	2005	We previously reported that stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased GLUT4 expression in muscle.	acadesine	140-145	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
16176927-2	2005	Here, we investigated the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on proliferation of various cancer cells and observed that proliferation of all the examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by AICAR treatment due to arrest in S-phase accompanied with increased expression of p21, p27, and p53 proteins and inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway.	acadesine	36-41	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	284-287
16046457-15	2005	The effectiveness of AICAR in countering the suppressive effect of pharmacological insulin on NHGO occurs even though AICAR-stimulated ACC phosphorylation is completely blocked.	acadesine	21-26	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	83-90
16176927-2	2005	Here, we investigated the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on proliferation of various cancer cells and observed that proliferation of all the examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by AICAR treatment due to arrest in S-phase accompanied with increased expression of p21, p27, and p53 proteins and inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway.	acadesine	36-41	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	279-282
16227605-8	2005	We also found that hypoxia-induced CHOP expression and cleavage of caspase 12 were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK.	acadesine	185-190	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
16227605-8	2005	We also found that hypoxia-induced CHOP expression and cleavage of caspase 12 were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK.	acadesine	185-190	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
16227605-10	2005	Knockdown of eEF2 phosphorylation using eEF2 kinase siRNA abolished these cardioprotective effects of AICAR.	acadesine	102-107	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
16227605-10	2005	Knockdown of eEF2 phosphorylation using eEF2 kinase siRNA abolished these cardioprotective effects of AICAR.	acadesine	102-107	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
16176927-2	2005	Here, we investigated the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on proliferation of various cancer cells and observed that proliferation of all the examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by AICAR treatment due to arrest in S-phase accompanied with increased expression of p21, p27, and p53 proteins and inhibition of PI3K-Akt pathway.	acadesine	36-41	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	293-296
15928020-3	2005	It was revealed that the stimulation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), known activators of AMPK, promptly accelerates its translocation within 4 min, as was found in the case of insulin stimulation.	acadesine	42-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
16030062-1	2005	We hypothesized that AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase 5 (ARK5)/novel kinase family 1 (NUAK1), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase that has been found to be stimulated by protein kinase B (Akt), would be expressed in rat skeletal muscle and activated by electrically elicited contractions, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), or insulin.	acadesine	318-372	NUAK family kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
16030062-1	2005	We hypothesized that AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase 5 (ARK5)/novel kinase family 1 (NUAK1), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase that has been found to be stimulated by protein kinase B (Akt), would be expressed in rat skeletal muscle and activated by electrically elicited contractions, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), or insulin.	acadesine	318-372	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
16030062-1	2005	We hypothesized that AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase 5 (ARK5)/novel kinase family 1 (NUAK1), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase that has been found to be stimulated by protein kinase B (Akt), would be expressed in rat skeletal muscle and activated by electrically elicited contractions, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), or insulin.	acadesine	374-379	NUAK family kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
16030062-1	2005	We hypothesized that AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase 5 (ARK5)/novel kinase family 1 (NUAK1), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase that has been found to be stimulated by protein kinase B (Akt), would be expressed in rat skeletal muscle and activated by electrically elicited contractions, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), or insulin.	acadesine	374-379	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
16179588-4	2005	In isolated heart muscles, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxy-amide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased p38 MAPK activation.	acadesine	104-109	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	121-124
15928020-3	2005	It was revealed that the stimulation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), known activators of AMPK, promptly accelerates its translocation within 4 min, as was found in the case of insulin stimulation.	acadesine	42-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	241-248
15928020-3	2005	It was revealed that the stimulation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), known activators of AMPK, promptly accelerates its translocation within 4 min, as was found in the case of insulin stimulation.	acadesine	98-103	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
15928020-3	2005	It was revealed that the stimulation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), known activators of AMPK, promptly accelerates its translocation within 4 min, as was found in the case of insulin stimulation.	acadesine	98-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	241-248
16020477-6	2005	Treatment with 1 mm 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, increased dose-dependent and time-dependent phosphorylation of AMPKalpha1 on Thr172 in primary granulosa cells.	acadesine	78-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
16215179-2	2005	Derepression requires the transcriptional activators Bas1 and Pho2, as well as the biosynthetic intermediates 5"-phosphoribosyl-4-succinocarboxamide-5-aminoimidazole (SAICAR) and 5"-phosphoribosyl-4-carboxamide- 5-aminoimidazole (AICAR).	acadesine	168-173	Bas1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-57
16020477-6	2005	Treatment with 1 mm 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxyamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, increased dose-dependent and time-dependent phosphorylation of AMPKalpha1 on Thr172 in primary granulosa cells.	acadesine	78-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
16020477-10	2005	Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative AMPK totally abolished the effects of AICAR on progesterone secretion, 3beta-HSD protein production, and MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylation.	acadesine	90-95	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
15972693-3	2005	In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), in active and passive EAE induced by active immunization with PLP(139-151) or MOG(35-55) and in adoptive transfer of PLP(139-151)-sensitized T cells, respectively.	acadesine	119-164	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	236-239
16174294-0	2005	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) attenuates the expression of LPS- and Abeta peptide-induced inflammatory mediators in astroglia.	acadesine	56-61	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	92-106
16052330-7	2005	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR, 0.5 mmol/l) suppressed Pklr expression, but strongly stimulated gene expression of Igf1r, Insr and Insrr.	acadesine	61-66	pyruvate kinase L/R	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
16052330-7	2005	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR, 0.5 mmol/l) suppressed Pklr expression, but strongly stimulated gene expression of Igf1r, Insr and Insrr.	acadesine	61-66	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	151-156
16052330-7	2005	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR, 0.5 mmol/l) suppressed Pklr expression, but strongly stimulated gene expression of Igf1r, Insr and Insrr.	acadesine	61-66	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
16052330-7	2005	Activation of AMPK by 5-amino-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR, 0.5 mmol/l) suppressed Pklr expression, but strongly stimulated gene expression of Igf1r, Insr and Insrr.	acadesine	61-66	insulin receptor-related receptor	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
15860681-4	2005	Treatment of myotubes with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), followed by a 2-h recovery, augmented the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport.	acadesine	46-100	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
15860681-4	2005	Treatment of myotubes with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), followed by a 2-h recovery, augmented the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport.	acadesine	46-100	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	102-107
15860681-4	2005	Treatment of myotubes with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), followed by a 2-h recovery, augmented the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose transport.	acadesine	46-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
15919715-0	2005	Phenformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits transepithelial Na+ transport across H441 lung cells.	acadesine	15-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	92-120
15919715-0	2005	Phenformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activation of AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits transepithelial Na+ transport across H441 lung cells.	acadesine	71-76	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	92-120
15919715-7	2005	The AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) also activates AMPK in intact cells.	acadesine	21-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
15919715-7	2005	The AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) also activates AMPK in intact cells.	acadesine	77-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
15910743-1	2005	We examined the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), the dephosphorylated form of AICA ribotide (also termed "ZMP"), an intermediate of purine biosynthesis, on interleukin (IL)-2 production in T cells.	acadesine	26-71	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	73-78
15910743-1	2005	We examined the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), the dephosphorylated form of AICA ribotide (also termed "ZMP"), an intermediate of purine biosynthesis, on interleukin (IL)-2 production in T cells.	acadesine	26-71	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	188-206
16039647-6	2005	Addition of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR) also caused a decrease in adiponectin protein expression.	acadesine	31-70	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	105-116
16039647-6	2005	Addition of the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR) also caused a decrease in adiponectin protein expression.	acadesine	72-77	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	105-116
15972693-3	2005	In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of an AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), in active and passive EAE induced by active immunization with PLP(139-151) or MOG(35-55) and in adoptive transfer of PLP(139-151)-sensitized T cells, respectively.	acadesine	119-164	proteolipid protein (myelin) 1	Mus musculus	291-294
15806154-2	2005	Here we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reverses the sensitivity of Akt-expressing glioblastoma cells to glucose deprivation.	acadesine	18-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
15806154-2	2005	Here we show that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reverses the sensitivity of Akt-expressing glioblastoma cells to glucose deprivation.	acadesine	65-70	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
15657088-6	2005	Conversely, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, had no effect on 2-DG uptake in isolated split soleus muscles yet resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	acadesine	12-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
15657088-6	2005	Conversely, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, had no effect on 2-DG uptake in isolated split soleus muscles yet resulted in an approximately 2-fold increase in the phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	acadesine	12-66	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	232-236
15769985-5	2005	In lean myotubes, gAD activates AMPKalpha1 and -alpha2 by increasing Thr172 phosphorylation, an effect associated with increased acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCbeta) Ser221 phosphorylation and enhanced rates of fatty acid oxidation, effects similar to those observed after pharmacological AMPK activation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside.	acadesine	311-350	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	32-54
15774530-1	2005	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acutely stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-108
15774530-1	2005	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acutely stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15774530-1	2005	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acutely stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-108
15774530-1	2005	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acutely stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15613684-0	2005	Repression of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in rat liver mediated by the AMPK activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	95-136	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	132-142
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	144-148
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	150-155
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4	Mus musculus	157-161
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	167-171
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	228-238
15878932-10	2005	In addition, subcutaneous injection of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) increased the mRNA content of PGC-1alpha, HKII, FOXO1, PDK4, and UCP3, and alpha2-KO abolished the AICAR-induced increases in PGC-1alpha and HKII mRNA.	acadesine	95-100	hexokinase 2	Mus musculus	243-247
15613684-0	2005	Repression of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in rat liver mediated by the AMPK activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	95-136	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
15358229-3	2004	Inhibition of cell growth was observed when AMPK was activated by either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone.	acadesine	73-112	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
15265760-3	2004	Given this, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of AMPK stimulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 10 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) on glucose and LCFA utilization in cardiac muscle and to determine the NOS dependence of any observed effects.	acadesine	90-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
15265760-3	2004	Given this, the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of AMPK stimulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 10 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) on glucose and LCFA utilization in cardiac muscle and to determine the NOS dependence of any observed effects.	acadesine	146-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
15165992-2	2004	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in skeletal muscle is also increased by exercise, and GLUT4 mRNA is increased in mouse skeletal muscle after treatment with AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside(AICAR).	acadesine	184-238	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	99-104
15547141-5	2005	When contraction and AICAR treatment were combined, the AICAR-induced increase in AMPK activity (34%) did not account for the synergistic increase in FA oxidation (175%) observed under similar conditions.	acadesine	21-26	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
15367103-0	2005	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) enhances GLUT2-dependent jejunal glucose transport: a possible role for AMPK.	acadesine	0-39	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	57-62
15367103-0	2005	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) enhances GLUT2-dependent jejunal glucose transport: a possible role for AMPK.	acadesine	41-46	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	57-62
15578517-4	2004	RESULTS: In rat hepatoma H4IIEC3 or McA-RH 7777 cell lines, ethanol-induced transcription of an SREBP-regulated promoter was suppressed by the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or metformin, 2 known AMPK activators.	acadesine	155-200	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	231-235
15342961-2	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an adenosine analogue that elicits activation of the hepatocellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), similarly stimulated S6K tail phosphorylation.	acadesine	0-39	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
15342961-2	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an adenosine analogue that elicits activation of the hepatocellular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), similarly stimulated S6K tail phosphorylation.	acadesine	41-46	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
15149951-1	2004	Exposing isolated rat skeletal muscle to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR, a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)] plus serum leads to a subsequent increase in insulin-stimulated glucose transport (Fisher JS, Gao J, Han DH, Holloszy JO, and Nolte LA.	acadesine	41-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	217-224
15356065-4	2004	We also examined the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) on AMPK activity and the effects of AICAR and leptin on FA metabolism.	acadesine	72-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
15328001-2	2004	AMPK activated with either 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or with 5"-AMP significantly attenuated both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion O2- release by human neutrophils, consistently with a reduced translocation to the cell membrane and phosphorylation of a cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase, namely p47phox.	acadesine	27-73	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
15328001-2	2004	AMPK activated with either 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or with 5"-AMP significantly attenuated both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion O2- release by human neutrophils, consistently with a reduced translocation to the cell membrane and phosphorylation of a cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase, namely p47phox.	acadesine	27-73	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	75-80
15328001-2	2004	AMPK activated with either 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or with 5"-AMP significantly attenuated both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion O2- release by human neutrophils, consistently with a reduced translocation to the cell membrane and phosphorylation of a cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase, namely p47phox.	acadesine	27-73	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	402-409
15358229-3	2004	Inhibition of cell growth was observed when AMPK was activated by either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone.	acadesine	73-112	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	114-119
15068958-2	2004	We recently found that, in cultured cells, the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase activates AMPK in response to the metformin analog phenformin and the AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	171-225	serine/threonine kinase 11	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
15242807-5	2004	After 24h exposure to metformin (0.5-1mM), rat beta-cells exhibited a reduced secretory and synthetic responsiveness to 10mM glucose, which was also the case following 24h culture with the AMPK-activator 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR; 1mM).	acadesine	204-244	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
15242807-5	2004	After 24h exposure to metformin (0.5-1mM), rat beta-cells exhibited a reduced secretory and synthetic responsiveness to 10mM glucose, which was also the case following 24h culture with the AMPK-activator 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR; 1mM).	acadesine	246-251	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
15059954-6	2004	Next, the effect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside, was examined in the lipotoxicity model.	acadesine	69-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-52
15068958-2	2004	We recently found that, in cultured cells, the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase activates AMPK in response to the metformin analog phenformin and the AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	171-225	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
15059954-6	2004	Next, the effect of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside, was examined in the lipotoxicity model.	acadesine	69-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
15059954-7	2004	Exposure of the cells with lipotoxicity to 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside increased free fatty acid oxidation, partially reversed the TG accumulation, phosphorylated AMPK and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, and improved the impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	acadesine	43-82	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
15068958-2	2004	We recently found that, in cultured cells, the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase activates AMPK in response to the metformin analog phenformin and the AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	227-232	serine/threonine kinase 11	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
15068958-2	2004	We recently found that, in cultured cells, the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase activates AMPK in response to the metformin analog phenformin and the AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	227-232	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
15068958-9	2004	The results of this study suggest that muscle contraction, phenformin, or AICAR activates AMPK by a mechanism that does not involve direct activation of LKB1.	acadesine	74-79	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
15068958-9	2004	The results of this study suggest that muscle contraction, phenformin, or AICAR activates AMPK by a mechanism that does not involve direct activation of LKB1.	acadesine	74-79	serine/threonine kinase 11	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
15159410-8	2004	Metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside were used to activate AMPK in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.	acadesine	14-68	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
15262850-7	2004	Whereas 3H-thymidine incorporation by VSMCs treated with Ang II was significantly inhibited when the cells were pretreated with 1 mmol/L AICAR, the inhibition of AMPK by dominant-negative AMPK overexpression augmented Ang II-induced cell proliferation.	acadesine	137-142	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
15262850-7	2004	Whereas 3H-thymidine incorporation by VSMCs treated with Ang II was significantly inhibited when the cells were pretreated with 1 mmol/L AICAR, the inhibition of AMPK by dominant-negative AMPK overexpression augmented Ang II-induced cell proliferation.	acadesine	137-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
15240629-0	2004	Cultured muscle cells from insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes patients have impaired insulin, but normal 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside-stimulated, glucose uptake.	acadesine	104-143	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
14570700-6	2004	PGC-1alpha content in EPI was increased after 18-h in vitro incubation with 0.5 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and 4 mM caffeine.	acadesine	83-128	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15120611-0	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.	acadesine	0-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	78-87
15120611-0	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production through inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.	acadesine	0-39	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	151-154
15120611-8	2004	Finally, we observed that AICAR inhibited LPS-induced activation of PI 3-kinase and Akt, whereas it had no effect on the activation of p38 and ERK1/2.	acadesine	26-31	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	84-87
15294043-6	2004	Activating AMPK using 5-aminoimidizole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-riboside (AICAR) and increasing cytoplasmic Ca(2+) using caffeine, W7 or ionomycin in L6 myotubes increases the concentration of mitochondrial enzymes and GLUT4 and enhances the binding of NRF-1 and NRF-2 to DNA.	acadesine	72-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
14970221-7	2004	To test whether this could be involved in regulating phoshorylation of mTOR, we treated cultured murine myotubes with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) or dinitrophenol (DNP).	acadesine	118-164	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	71-75
15033479-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) can be used as an experimental tool to activate 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.	acadesine	0-45	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	47-52
15033479-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) can be used as an experimental tool to activate 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
14690455-0	2004	Over-expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in rat pancreatic islets induces lipogenesis and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin release: modulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	183-228	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-63
14690455-0	2004	Over-expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in rat pancreatic islets induces lipogenesis and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin release: modulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	183-228	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-72
14690455-0	2004	Over-expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in rat pancreatic islets induces lipogenesis and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin release: modulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	230-235	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-63
14690455-0	2004	Over-expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in rat pancreatic islets induces lipogenesis and decreases glucose-stimulated insulin release: modulation by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	230-235	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-72
14690455-8	2004	Culture of islets with the AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside decreased the expression of the endogenous SREBP1c and FAS genes, and reversed the effect of over-expressing active SREBP1c on FAS mRNA levels and cellular triacylglycerol content.	acadesine	42-81	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-132
14690455-8	2004	Culture of islets with the AMPK activator 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside decreased the expression of the endogenous SREBP1c and FAS genes, and reversed the effect of over-expressing active SREBP1c on FAS mRNA levels and cellular triacylglycerol content.	acadesine	42-81	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-205
15262850-3	2004	METHODS AND RESULTS: Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat VSMCs and inhibited Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation but not that of p38 MAPK or Akt/PKB.	acadesine	73-78	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
15262850-3	2004	METHODS AND RESULTS: Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat VSMCs and inhibited Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation but not that of p38 MAPK or Akt/PKB.	acadesine	73-78	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
15262850-3	2004	METHODS AND RESULTS: Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat VSMCs and inhibited Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation but not that of p38 MAPK or Akt/PKB.	acadesine	73-78	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	137-176
15262850-3	2004	METHODS AND RESULTS: Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-ribofuranoside (AICAR) activated AMPK in rat VSMCs and inhibited Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation but not that of p38 MAPK or Akt/PKB.	acadesine	73-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-230
14960415-4	2004	Exposure of cells for 20 min to 120 nM insulin, 0.1 and 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide, osmotic stress (400 mM mannitol), or 1.0 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) led to a profound increase in MEF2 DNA binding.	acadesine	126-180	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-57
14960415-4	2004	Exposure of cells for 20 min to 120 nM insulin, 0.1 and 1.0 mM hydrogen peroxide, osmotic stress (400 mM mannitol), or 1.0 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) led to a profound increase in MEF2 DNA binding.	acadesine	126-180	myocyte enhancer factor 2A	Homo sapiens	219-223
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-105
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	41-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-105
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	41-54	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	56-65	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-105
15009683-1	2004	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside; Acadesine) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intact cells, and is reported to exert protective effects in the mammalian CNS.	acadesine	56-65	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
15009683-3	2004	Activation of AMPK by AICA riboside was greatly attenuated by inhibitors of equilibrative nucleoside transport.	acadesine	22-35	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
15009683-4	2004	AICA riboside also depressed excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus, which was prevented by an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and reversed by application of adenosine deaminase.	acadesine	0-13	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
15009683-4	2004	AICA riboside also depressed excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus, which was prevented by an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and reversed by application of adenosine deaminase.	acadesine	0-13	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	188-207
15009683-6	2004	We conclude that metabolic stress and AICA riboside both stimulate AMPK activity in mammalian brain, but that AICA riboside has an additional effect, i.e. competition with adenosine for uptake by the nucleoside transporter.	acadesine	38-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
14570700-6	2004	PGC-1alpha content in EPI was increased after 18-h in vitro incubation with 0.5 mM 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) and 4 mM caffeine.	acadesine	130-135	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
14724246-2	2004	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary rat astrocytes, microglia, and peritoneal macrophages.	acadesine	79-84	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	170-197
14724246-2	2004	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary rat astrocytes, microglia, and peritoneal macrophages.	acadesine	79-84	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	199-216
14724246-2	2004	A pharmacological activator of AMPK, 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase in primary rat astrocytes, microglia, and peritoneal macrophages.	acadesine	79-84	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	222-235
12791703-3	2003	We therefore determined whether activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) stimulated NO production in human aortic endothelial cells.	acadesine	56-102	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
14747282-8	2004	Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) also resulted in an approximate threefold increase in glucose transport in the epitrochlearis.	acadesine	24-69	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
14747282-8	2004	Activation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) also resulted in an approximate threefold increase in glucose transport in the epitrochlearis.	acadesine	71-76	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
14500570-7	2003	Recent studies suggest that the ability of leptin, adiponectin, 5"-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), adrenergic agonists, and metformin to diminish adiposity may be mediated, at least in part, by AMPK activation in peripheral tissues.	acadesine	64-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
14500570-7	2003	Recent studies suggest that the ability of leptin, adiponectin, 5"-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), adrenergic agonists, and metformin to diminish adiposity may be mediated, at least in part, by AMPK activation in peripheral tissues.	acadesine	106-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
14597982-8	2003	Insulin-independent activation of the AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, increased platelet eNOS phosphorylation, increased cyclic GMP levels and attenuated platelet aggregation.	acadesine	49-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
14597982-8	2003	Insulin-independent activation of the AMPK using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, increased platelet eNOS phosphorylation, increased cyclic GMP levels and attenuated platelet aggregation.	acadesine	49-94	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
14573616-1	2004	We investigated the importance of the two catalytic alpha-isoforms of the 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	172-177	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	74-105
14573616-1	2004	We investigated the importance of the two catalytic alpha-isoforms of the 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	172-177	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
14573616-11	2004	The results show that alpha2-AMPK is the main donor of basal and AICAR-stimulated AMPK activity and is responsible for AICAR-induced glucose uptake.	acadesine	65-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
14573616-11	2004	The results show that alpha2-AMPK is the main donor of basal and AICAR-stimulated AMPK activity and is responsible for AICAR-induced glucose uptake.	acadesine	65-70	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
12869384-8	2003	Inhibition of AMPK restored tissue responsiveness to forskolin, whereas stimulation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced tissue hyporesponsivness in wild-type mice.	acadesine	97-151	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	87-91
12869384-8	2003	Inhibition of AMPK restored tissue responsiveness to forskolin, whereas stimulation of AMPK with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) induced tissue hyporesponsivness in wild-type mice.	acadesine	153-158	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	87-91
12791703-3	2003	We therefore determined whether activation of AMPK with 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) stimulated NO production in human aortic endothelial cells.	acadesine	56-102	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	104-109
12730239-2	2003	In the present investigation, treatment of human fibroblasts with AMPK activators such as 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, antimycin A, and sodium azide inhibited cell growth and lowered the expression of proliferative genes.	acadesine	90-130	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
12864749-5	2003	Similar changes in ACC, MCD and GPAT were observed following the administration of 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), further indicating that the exercise-induced alterations in these enzymes were AMPK-mediated.	acadesine	83-122	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
12864749-5	2003	Similar changes in ACC, MCD and GPAT were observed following the administration of 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), further indicating that the exercise-induced alterations in these enzymes were AMPK-mediated.	acadesine	83-122	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	211-215
12864749-5	2003	Similar changes in ACC, MCD and GPAT were observed following the administration of 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), further indicating that the exercise-induced alterations in these enzymes were AMPK-mediated.	acadesine	124-129	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
12864749-5	2003	Similar changes in ACC, MCD and GPAT were observed following the administration of 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), further indicating that the exercise-induced alterations in these enzymes were AMPK-mediated.	acadesine	124-129	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	211-215
12697024-11	2003	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, an activator of the hepatocytic AMP-activated protein kinase, similarly induced GNMT phosphorylation without affecting AdoMet and AdoHcy levels.	acadesine	0-39	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
12829625-6	2003	Furthermore, the stimulating effects of both AICAR and oligomycin were antagonized by blocking FAT/CD36 with sulfo-N-succinimidylpalmitate, but not by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with wortmannin, indicating the involvement of FAT/CD36, but excluding a role for insulin signaling.	acadesine	45-50	CD36 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
12829625-6	2003	Furthermore, the stimulating effects of both AICAR and oligomycin were antagonized by blocking FAT/CD36 with sulfo-N-succinimidylpalmitate, but not by inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with wortmannin, indicating the involvement of FAT/CD36, but excluding a role for insulin signaling.	acadesine	45-50	CD36 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
12734114-10	2003	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment of muscle cells also led to parallel increases in AMPKalpha activity and PGC-1alpha protein levels.	acadesine	0-54	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	146-156
12734114-10	2003	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment of muscle cells also led to parallel increases in AMPKalpha activity and PGC-1alpha protein levels.	acadesine	56-61	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	146-156
12644453-9	2003	Addition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside in high glucose led to a marked stimulation of EF-2 phosphorylation, consistent with the possibility that increased AMP kinase activity in low glucose stimulates EF-2 kinase.	acadesine	12-66	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
12644453-9	2003	Addition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-d-ribofuranoside in high glucose led to a marked stimulation of EF-2 phosphorylation, consistent with the possibility that increased AMP kinase activity in low glucose stimulates EF-2 kinase.	acadesine	12-66	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	229-233
12519745-6	2003	Activation of endogenous AMPK with the cell-permeant adenosine analog 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent I(sc) in nonpermeabilized monolayers and monolayers with nystatin permeabilization of the basolateral membrane.	acadesine	126-131	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
12519745-6	2003	Activation of endogenous AMPK with the cell-permeant adenosine analog 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent I(sc) in nonpermeabilized monolayers and monolayers with nystatin permeabilization of the basolateral membrane.	acadesine	126-131	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	164-168
12589707-7	2003	Thus forced increases in AMPK activity achieved pharmacologically with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), or by adenoviral overexpression of a truncated, constitutively active form of the enzyme (AMPK alpha 1.T(172)D), blocked glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	acadesine	71-110	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	25-29
12589707-7	2003	Thus forced increases in AMPK activity achieved pharmacologically with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), or by adenoviral overexpression of a truncated, constitutively active form of the enzyme (AMPK alpha 1.T(172)D), blocked glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	acadesine	112-117	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	25-29
12522004-0	2003	Acadesine activates AMPK and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but not in T lymphocytes.	acadesine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
12522004-3	2003	The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk completely blocked acadesine-induced apoptosis, which involved the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and cytochrome c release.	acadesine	51-60	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	113-134
12522004-3	2003	The caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk completely blocked acadesine-induced apoptosis, which involved the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and cytochrome c release.	acadesine	51-60	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	139-151
12522004-4	2003	Incubation of B-CLL cells with acadesine induced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating that it is activated by acadesine.	acadesine	31-40	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	72-120
12522004-4	2003	Incubation of B-CLL cells with acadesine induced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating that it is activated by acadesine.	acadesine	31-40	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
12522004-4	2003	Incubation of B-CLL cells with acadesine induced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating that it is activated by acadesine.	acadesine	164-173	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	72-120
12522004-4	2003	Incubation of B-CLL cells with acadesine induced the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicating that it is activated by acadesine.	acadesine	164-173	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
12522004-5	2003	Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), a nucleoside transport inhibitor, 5-iodotubercidin, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase, and adenosine completely inhibited acadesine-induced apoptosis and AMPK phosphorylation, demonstrating that incorporation of acadesine into the cell and its subsequent phosphorylation to AICA ribotide (ZMP) are necessary to induce apoptosis.	acadesine	152-161	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	99-115
12522004-5	2003	Nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBTI), a nucleoside transport inhibitor, 5-iodotubercidin, an inhibitor of adenosine kinase, and adenosine completely inhibited acadesine-induced apoptosis and AMPK phosphorylation, demonstrating that incorporation of acadesine into the cell and its subsequent phosphorylation to AICA ribotide (ZMP) are necessary to induce apoptosis.	acadesine	152-161	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	184-188
12522004-11	2003	Intracellular levels of ZMP were higher in B-CLL cells than in T cells when both were treated with 0.5 mM acadesine, suggesting that ZMP accumulation is necessary to activate AMPK and induce apoptosis.	acadesine	106-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	175-179
12546682-3	2003	Recent experiments in AMPK transgenic mice suggest that glucose transport induced by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) or hypoxia is mediated by AMPK.	acadesine	85-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
12496137-2	2003	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) can be used as a pharmacological tool to repetitively activate AMPK, and the objective of this study was to explore whether the increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after either long-term exercise or chronic AICAR administration was followed by fiber-type-specific changes in insulin signaling and/or changes in GLUT-4 expression.	acadesine	56-61	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	384-390
12452797-5	2003	Furthermore, AICAriboside induces mitochondrial cytochrome c release.	acadesine	13-25	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	48-60
12452797-6	2003	AICAriboside, when phosphorylated to AICAribotide (ZMP), is a specific activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in certain cell types.	acadesine	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	88-116
12452797-6	2003	AICAriboside, when phosphorylated to AICAribotide (ZMP), is a specific activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in certain cell types.	acadesine	0-12	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	118-122
12546682-3	2003	Recent experiments in AMPK transgenic mice suggest that glucose transport induced by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) or hypoxia is mediated by AMPK.	acadesine	85-124	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
12546682-3	2003	Recent experiments in AMPK transgenic mice suggest that glucose transport induced by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) or hypoxia is mediated by AMPK.	acadesine	126-131	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
12546682-3	2003	Recent experiments in AMPK transgenic mice suggest that glucose transport induced by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) or hypoxia is mediated by AMPK.	acadesine	126-131	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
12558800-3	2003	RESULTS: The treatment of SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), widely used as an AMPK activator, inhibits p70 S6k activities.	acadesine	94-139	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
12558800-3	2003	RESULTS: The treatment of SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), widely used as an AMPK activator, inhibits p70 S6k activities.	acadesine	94-139	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	192-199
12558800-3	2003	RESULTS: The treatment of SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), widely used as an AMPK activator, inhibits p70 S6k activities.	acadesine	141-146	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
12558800-3	2003	RESULTS: The treatment of SV40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE-T cells) with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), widely used as an AMPK activator, inhibits p70 S6k activities.	acadesine	141-146	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	192-199
12153572-5	2002	AMPK was activated under anoxic conditions or by incubation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) or oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.	acadesine	113-118	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
12502487-7	2003	Activation of AMPK by either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or hydrogen peroxide was also associated with a decrease in the activity ratio of GS.	acadesine	29-83	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
12502487-7	2003	Activation of AMPK by either 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or hydrogen peroxide was also associated with a decrease in the activity ratio of GS.	acadesine	85-90	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
12417310-0	2002	Protein kinase inhibitors block the stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside.	acadesine	87-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	55-83
12376323-1	2002	We examined whether acute activation of 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by 5"-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR) ameliorates insulin resistance in isolated rat skeletal muscle.	acadesine	139-144	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
11978788-0	2002	Activation of the ERK pathway and atypical protein kinase C isoforms in exercise- and aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-riboside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport.	acadesine	134-139	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
12476786-5	2002	Studies done in animal models of type 2 diabetes have shown that pharmacological activation of AMPK with the compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) decreases blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	acadesine	118-163	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
12476786-5	2002	Studies done in animal models of type 2 diabetes have shown that pharmacological activation of AMPK with the compound 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) decreases blood glucose and insulin concentrations.	acadesine	165-170	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
12006353-1	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reportedly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-103
12067722-2	2002	We have now found that amino acid-dependent phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and of S6 in hepatocytes is prevented when AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by either the purine ribonucleoside analogue AICAriboside, fructose or glycerol.	acadesine	213-225	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	119-147
12067722-2	2002	We have now found that amino acid-dependent phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and of S6 in hepatocytes is prevented when AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by either the purine ribonucleoside analogue AICAriboside, fructose or glycerol.	acadesine	213-225	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
12006353-1	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reportedly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
12006353-1	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reportedly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-103
12006353-1	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) reportedly activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
12006353-5	2002	By contrast, overexpression of the dominant negative AMPKalpha2 mutant in muscle markedly suppressed both AICAR-induced glucose uptake and AMPK activation, although insulin-induced uptake was unaffected.	acadesine	106-111	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
12006353-7	2002	Thus, although AMPK activation may not, by itself, be sufficient to increase glucose transport, it appears essential for AICAR-induced glucose uptake in muscle.	acadesine	121-126	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
12051742-8	2002	In an insulinoma cell line, either low glucose or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment leads to activation and T172 phosphorylation of endogenous AMPK.	acadesine	50-95	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
12051742-8	2002	In an insulinoma cell line, either low glucose or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment leads to activation and T172 phosphorylation of endogenous AMPK.	acadesine	97-102	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-99
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	0-45	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	0-45	myocyte enhancer factor 2a	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	0-45	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-99
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	47-52	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	47-52	myocyte enhancer factor 2a	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
11934664-7	2002	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), also induced approximately twofold increases in GLUT4, MEF2A, and MEF2D in L6 myocytes.	acadesine	47-52	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
11641350-7	2001	When rats were injected with AICAR (1 mg/g body wt) for 3 days, the decline in GLUT-4 levels was prevented in denervated gastrocnemius muscles but not in denervated soleus muscles.	acadesine	29-34	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
12006359-1	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may mediate the stimulatory effect of contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on glucose transport in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	90-135	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-28
12006359-1	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may mediate the stimulatory effect of contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on glucose transport in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	90-135	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
12006359-1	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may mediate the stimulatory effect of contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on glucose transport in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	137-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-28
12006359-1	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may mediate the stimulatory effect of contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on glucose transport in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	137-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
11739024-4	2001	An inhibitory effect on IGFBP-1 mRNA expression was observed at 2 h. The inhibitory effect of lithium and insulin were not additive when used alone, but inhibition by lithium occurred when insulin action was blocked by activating AMP-activated protein kinase with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	264-303	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-31
11739024-4	2001	An inhibitory effect on IGFBP-1 mRNA expression was observed at 2 h. The inhibitory effect of lithium and insulin were not additive when used alone, but inhibition by lithium occurred when insulin action was blocked by activating AMP-activated protein kinase with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR).	acadesine	305-310	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-31
11756336-6	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was not diminished; however, incubation with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside increased AMPK activity twofold and completely prevented all of these changes.	acadesine	109-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-28
11756336-6	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was not diminished; however, incubation with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside increased AMPK activity twofold and completely prevented all of these changes.	acadesine	109-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
11756336-6	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was not diminished; however, incubation with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside increased AMPK activity twofold and completely prevented all of these changes.	acadesine	109-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
11756336-6	2002	AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was not diminished; however, incubation with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside increased AMPK activity twofold and completely prevented all of these changes.	acadesine	109-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
11845224-5	2002	RESULTS: Short-term 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside treatment normalised glucose concentrations in ob/ob mice within 1 h, with effects persisting over 4 h. After 1 week of daily injections, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside treatment corrected hyperglycaemia, improved glucose tolerance, and increased GLUT4 and hexokinase II protein expression in skeletal muscle, but had deleterious effects on plasma non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides.	acadesine	20-65	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	328-333
11598104-0	2001	5"-AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates IRS-1 on Ser-789 in mouse C2C12 myotubes in response to 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside.	acadesine	103-142	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	47-52
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	103-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-42
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	103-148	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	103-148	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	103-148	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	150-155	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-42
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	150-155	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	150-155	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
11546797-1	2001	Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been recently demonstrated to be associated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)-stimulated glucose transport mediated by both GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters.	acadesine	150-155	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	213-218
11423471-5	2001	In this study, we show that activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in hepatocytes greatly diminished HNF-4alpha protein levels and consequently downregulates the expression of HNF-4alpha target genes.	acadesine	50-89	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	132-142
11546797-5	2001	These findings demonstrate that AICAR-stimulated activation of p38 is indeed mediated by AMPK, and the p38 MAPK cascade is downstream of AMPK in the signaling pathway of AICAR-stimulated glucose transport in Clone 9 cells.	acadesine	32-37	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
11546797-5	2001	These findings demonstrate that AICAR-stimulated activation of p38 is indeed mediated by AMPK, and the p38 MAPK cascade is downstream of AMPK in the signaling pathway of AICAR-stimulated glucose transport in Clone 9 cells.	acadesine	32-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
11546797-5	2001	These findings demonstrate that AICAR-stimulated activation of p38 is indeed mediated by AMPK, and the p38 MAPK cascade is downstream of AMPK in the signaling pathway of AICAR-stimulated glucose transport in Clone 9 cells.	acadesine	170-175	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
11546797-5	2001	These findings demonstrate that AICAR-stimulated activation of p38 is indeed mediated by AMPK, and the p38 MAPK cascade is downstream of AMPK in the signaling pathway of AICAR-stimulated glucose transport in Clone 9 cells.	acadesine	170-175	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
11554766-0	2001	Cell cycle regulation via p53 phosphorylation by a 5"-AMP activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole- 4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside, in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.	acadesine	94-149	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	26-29
11554766-1	2001	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is an activator of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a regulator of de novo purine synthesis.	acadesine	0-54	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	56-61
11509493-5	2001	AMPK can also be activated chemically in resting muscle with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside, which enters the muscle and is phosphorylated to form ZMP, a nucleotide that mimics the effect of 5"-AMP.	acadesine	61-100	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
11509501-1	2001	Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 transcription in response to treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a known activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), was studied in rats and mice.	acadesine	67-121	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-22
11509501-1	2001	Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 transcription in response to treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a known activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), was studied in rats and mice.	acadesine	67-121	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	123-128
11423471-5	2001	In this study, we show that activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in hepatocytes greatly diminished HNF-4alpha protein levels and consequently downregulates the expression of HNF-4alpha target genes.	acadesine	50-89	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	207-217
11423471-5	2001	In this study, we show that activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in hepatocytes greatly diminished HNF-4alpha protein levels and consequently downregulates the expression of HNF-4alpha target genes.	acadesine	91-96	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	132-142
11423471-5	2001	In this study, we show that activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) in hepatocytes greatly diminished HNF-4alpha protein levels and consequently downregulates the expression of HNF-4alpha target genes.	acadesine	91-96	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	207-217
11262401-3	2001	In the present study, we investigated a possible role of AMPK in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) cascades, using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a cell-permeable activator of AMPK and antisense RNA experiments.	acadesine	181-186	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	104-107
11287349-1	2001	The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been hypothesized to mediate contraction and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribonucleoside (AICAR)-induced increases in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.	acadesine	145-150	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
11147776-0	2001	Chronic treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in rat skeletal muscles in a fiber type-specific manner.	acadesine	23-77	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
11352652-2	2001	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, has been used to study the potential role of AMPK in rat skeletal muscle; however, its effects on glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle are unknown.	acadesine	0-44	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
11352652-2	2001	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, has been used to study the potential role of AMPK in rat skeletal muscle; however, its effects on glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle are unknown.	acadesine	0-44	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
11352652-2	2001	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, has been used to study the potential role of AMPK in rat skeletal muscle; however, its effects on glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle are unknown.	acadesine	46-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
11352652-2	2001	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideribonucleoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, has been used to study the potential role of AMPK in rat skeletal muscle; however, its effects on glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle are unknown.	acadesine	46-51	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
11165240-5	2001	Prevention of ceramide accumulation by AICAR led to a concomitant blockade of the Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade, which selectively mediates fatty acid-induced apoptosis.	acadesine	39-44	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	82-87
11322761-8	2001	Finally, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamid-ribosid (AICAR), an activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), that is activated during exercise, was able to mimic the increase in UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression.	acadesine	48-53	uncoupling protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
11322761-8	2001	Finally, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamid-ribosid (AICAR), an activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), that is activated during exercise, was able to mimic the increase in UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression.	acadesine	48-53	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
11302732-6	2001	The effect of dexamethasone in stimulating IGFBP-1 threefold was additive to the effect of AICAR (P < 0.001) and, in the presence of AICAR, was incompletely inhibited by insulin.	acadesine	91-96	insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
11284715-8	2001	SNARK activity was significantly increased by AMP and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) in rat keratinocyte cells, implying that SNARK might be activated by an AMPK kinase-dependent pathway.	acadesine	54-93	NUAK family kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
11284715-8	2001	SNARK activity was significantly increased by AMP and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) in rat keratinocyte cells, implying that SNARK might be activated by an AMPK kinase-dependent pathway.	acadesine	54-93	NUAK family kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
11284715-8	2001	SNARK activity was significantly increased by AMP and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) in rat keratinocyte cells, implying that SNARK might be activated by an AMPK kinase-dependent pathway.	acadesine	95-107	NUAK family kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
11284715-8	2001	SNARK activity was significantly increased by AMP and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAriboside) in rat keratinocyte cells, implying that SNARK might be activated by an AMPK kinase-dependent pathway.	acadesine	95-107	NUAK family kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
11284715-10	2001	These findings identify SNARK as a glucose- and AICAriboside-regulated member of the AMPK-related gene family that represents a new candidate mediator of the cellular response to metabolic stress.	acadesine	48-60	NUAK family kinase 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
11147776-1	2001	Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide- 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase, increases hexokinase activity and the contents of total GLUT4 and glycogen in rat skeletal muscles.	acadesine	64-69	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	235-240
11147776-1	2001	Recent studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide- 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside), an activator of the AMP-activated protein kinase, increases hexokinase activity and the contents of total GLUT4 and glycogen in rat skeletal muscles.	acadesine	71-126	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	235-240
11147776-6	2001	In conclusion, 5 days of AICAR administration induces a pronounced fiber type-specific increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 cell surface content in rat skeletal muscle with the greatest effect observed on white fast-twitch glycolytic muscles (EPI).	acadesine	25-30	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
11117997-3	2000	Recently, it has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by exercise in skeletal muscle, whereas pharmacological activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) leads to increased glucose transport.	acadesine	160-199	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
11117997-3	2000	Recently, it has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by exercise in skeletal muscle, whereas pharmacological activation of AMPK by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) leads to increased glucose transport.	acadesine	201-206	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
10950831-5	2000	We treated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with 5"-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme known to be stimulated during exercise and hypoxia.	acadesine	103-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-165
11016448-0	2000	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	0-45	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	47-52
11016448-0	2000	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	acadesine	0-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
11016448-1	2000	Incubation of skeletal muscle with 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that activates 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), has been demonstrated to stimulate glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane.	acadesine	35-79	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	81-86
11016448-1	2000	Incubation of skeletal muscle with 5-aminoimidazole-4carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that activates 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), has been demonstrated to stimulate glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane.	acadesine	35-79	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
10854420-0	2000	Activation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase in rat skeletal muscle by contraction and the AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta -D-ribofuranoside.	acadesine	125-180	malonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	14-39
10884027-7	2000	Since ZMP was a good substrate of 5"-nucleotidase producing Z-riboside, we incubated murine and human cultured neuronal cells with this nucleoside and found that it is toxic for our models, promoting apoptosis.	acadesine	60-70	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB	Mus musculus	34-49
10950831-5	2000	We treated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with 5"-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme known to be stimulated during exercise and hypoxia.	acadesine	103-108	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
10950831-6	2000	Incubation of rat EDL muscle in vitro for 30 min with 2 mM AICAR causes a threefold increase in UCP-3 mRNA and a 1.5-fold increase of UCP-3 protein compared with untreated muscle.	acadesine	59-64	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
10950831-6	2000	Incubation of rat EDL muscle in vitro for 30 min with 2 mM AICAR causes a threefold increase in UCP-3 mRNA and a 1.5-fold increase of UCP-3 protein compared with untreated muscle.	acadesine	59-64	uncoupling protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
10846039-6	2000	In rats given daily, 1 mg/g body wt, subcutaneous injections of AICAR for 4 wk, activities of citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were increased in white quadriceps and soleus but not in red quadriceps.	acadesine	64-69	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	94-110
10426389-3	1999	This study was designed to determine whether the increase in glucose uptake observed with AMPK activation by AICA-riboside is due to GLUT4 translocation from an intracellular location to the plasma membranes, similar to that seen in response to contraction.	acadesine	109-122	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
10866040-0	2000	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside mimics the effects of insulin on the expression of the 2 key gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase.	acadesine	0-39	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
10866040-0	2000	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside mimics the effects of insulin on the expression of the 2 key gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase.	acadesine	0-39	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-152
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	58-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-159
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	58-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	58-97	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	99-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-159
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	99-104	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
10866040-3	2000	We demonstrate here that treatment of hepatoma cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), an agent that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mimics the ability of insulin to repress PEPCK gene transcription.	acadesine	99-104	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
10866040-5	2000	Several lines of evidence suggest that the insulin-mimetic effects of AICAR are mediated by activation of AMPK.	acadesine	70-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
10562646-2	1999	The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has previously been shown to be taken up by cells and phosphorylated to form a compound (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that mimics the effect of AMP on AMPK.	acadesine	22-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
10562646-2	1999	The adenosine analog, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has previously been shown to be taken up by cells and phosphorylated to form a compound (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that mimics the effect of AMP on AMPK.	acadesine	69-74	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	246-250
10562646-3	1999	A single injection of AICAR resulted in a marked increase in AMPK in epitrochlearis and gastrocnemius/plantaris muscles 60 min later.	acadesine	22-27	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
10562646-4	1999	When rats were injected with AICAR (1 mg/g body wt) for 5 days in succession and were killed 1 day after the last injection, GLUT-4 was increased by 100% in epitrochlearis muscle and by 60% in gastrocnemius muscle in response to AICAR.	acadesine	29-34	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	125-131
10501215-4	1999	Thus, incubation of astrocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a cell-permeable activator of AMPK, stimulated both ketogenesis from palmitate and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I.	acadesine	36-81	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
10501215-4	1999	Thus, incubation of astrocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a cell-permeable activator of AMPK, stimulated both ketogenesis from palmitate and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I.	acadesine	83-88	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
10710405-4	2000	To this end, we examined the effect of incubating rat epitrochlearis muscles in culture medium for 18 h in the presence or absence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), which enters cells and is converted to the AMP analog ZMP, thus activating AMPK.	acadesine	134-179	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	264-268
10444490-6	1999	Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated translocation of GLUT-4 to the myocyte sarcolemma in response to stimulation with AICAR, cyanide, or insulin.	acadesine	122-127	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
10444490-8	1999	In vivo infusion of AICAR caused myocardial AMPK activation and GLUT-4 translocation in the rat.	acadesine	20-25	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
10426389-5	1999	Perfusion medium containing AICA-riboside was found to significantly increase AMPK activity, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle above basal levels.	acadesine	28-41	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
9794792-7	1998	Treatment of INS-1 cells, but not HIT-T15 cells, with AICA riboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) results in accumulation of the ribotide, ZMP (AICA riboside monophosphate), and activation of AMPK.	acadesine	54-67	insulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
9845345-9	1998	Cytokeratins 8 and 18 were phosphorylated by AMPK in vitro and by incubation of intact hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, a cell-permeable activator of AMPK.	acadesine	104-149	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
10051453-8	1999	These data suggest that AICA riboside might inhibit sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which catalyses the committed step in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis.	acadesine	24-37	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	52-91
10051453-8	1999	These data suggest that AICA riboside might inhibit sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which catalyses the committed step in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis.	acadesine	24-37	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
9794792-7	1998	Treatment of INS-1 cells, but not HIT-T15 cells, with AICA riboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside) results in accumulation of the ribotide, ZMP (AICA riboside monophosphate), and activation of AMPK.	acadesine	69-108	insulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
9583572-10	1998	Acadesine can inhibit the upregulation of leukocyte CD11b adhesion receptors, and treatment in patients before and during surgery can reduce early cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and combined adverse cardiovascular outcomes.	acadesine	0-9	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	52-57
9708898-1	1998	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) is known to stimulate rat liver 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-111
9708898-1	1998	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) is known to stimulate rat liver 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
9708898-1	1998	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) is known to stimulate rat liver 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-111
9708898-1	1998	5-Amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) is known to stimulate rat liver 5"-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
7650388-9	1995	Neutrophil-myocyte adhesion was inhibited by acadesine (IC50 = 12 +/- 2 microM) also via an adenosine-dependent mechanism because it was blocked by 1,3-dimethyl-1-propylxanthine or adenosine deaminase, an enzyme that degrades any adenosine that is formed.	acadesine	45-54	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	181-200
9435525-2	1997	This study was designed to determine whether AICAR can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle with consequent phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), decrease in malonyl-CoA, and increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	45-50	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	64-92
9435525-2	1997	This study was designed to determine whether AICAR can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle with consequent phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), decrease in malonyl-CoA, and increase in fatty acid oxidation.	acadesine	45-50	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
9435525-4	1997	Perfusion with medium containing AICAR was found to activate AMPK in skeletal muscle, inactivate ACC, and decrease malonyl-CoA.	acadesine	33-38	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
9211192-1	1997	Adenylosuccinase catalyses two reactions in purine metabolism: the conversion of succinylaminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) into aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide (AICAR) along the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, and the conversion of adenylosuccinate (S-AMP) into AMP in the conversion of IMP into AMP.	acadesine	127-132	adenylosuccinate lyase	Homo sapiens	0-16
9703344-3	1998	This hypothesis was based on recent studies showing the following: 1) muscle contraction increases AMPK activity and 2) perfusion of rat hindlimb skeletal muscles with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that results in increased AMPK activity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.	acadesine	168-213	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
9703344-3	1998	This hypothesis was based on recent studies showing the following: 1) muscle contraction increases AMPK activity and 2) perfusion of rat hindlimb skeletal muscles with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a compound that results in increased AMPK activity, increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.	acadesine	168-213	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	260-264
9500985-0	1998	Inhibition of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside, a cell-permeable activator of AMP-activated protein kinase.	acadesine	52-97	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	129-157
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	169-214	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	169-214	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	169-214	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	216-221	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	216-221	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
9500985-3	1998	It is shown that AMPK is expressed in rat thymocytes that contain the transcript for the a1 isoform of the AMPK catalytic subunit and can be activated by treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a well-established activator of AMPK.	acadesine	216-221	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
9500985-4	1998	AICAR is not toxic and prevents glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the same concentration range used to activate AMPK.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
9500985-6	1998	Furthermore, AICAR blocks the dexamethasone-induced activation of caspase 3-like enzymes, which are believed to play a pivotal role in apoptotic cell death.	acadesine	13-18	caspase-3-like	Rattus norvegicus	66-80
9500985-9	1998	These results indicate that AICAR is a powerful inhibitor of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and suggest that AMPK activation may interfere with a step in the apoptotic cascade triggered by dexamethasone.	acadesine	28-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
8607121-2	1995	In view of the beneficial effects of antiplatelet agents on thrombolysis and post-thrombolytic reocclusion, we studied the effects of acadesine on t-PA induced coronary reperfusion and continued artery thrombosis.	acadesine	134-143	tissue-type plasminogen activator	Canis lupus familiaris	147-151
8607121-11	1995	These results suggest that acadesine might prove beneficial in clinical settings of platelet activation and prothrombotic conditions, such as occur during thrombolysis with t-PA.	acadesine	27-36	tissue-type plasminogen activator	Canis lupus familiaris	173-177
7877305-8	1995	Combining low- and high-dose treatment groups, there was significant (p = 0.05) inhibition of granulocyte CD11b up-regulation in patients receiving acadesine; granulocyte CD11b expression in the acadesine group peaked at 2.8 times baseline versus 4.3 for placebo.	acadesine	195-204	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	171-176
7877305-0	1995	Acadesine inhibits neutrophil CD11b up-regulation in vitro and during in vivo cardiopulmonary bypass.	acadesine	0-9	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	30-35
7877305-5	1995	Acadesine significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced granulocyte CD11b up-regulation by a mean of 61%.	acadesine	0-9	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	108-113
7877305-8	1995	Combining low- and high-dose treatment groups, there was significant (p = 0.05) inhibition of granulocyte CD11b up-regulation in patients receiving acadesine; granulocyte CD11b expression in the acadesine group peaked at 2.8 times baseline versus 4.3 for placebo.	acadesine	148-157	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	106-111
7877305-8	1995	Combining low- and high-dose treatment groups, there was significant (p = 0.05) inhibition of granulocyte CD11b up-regulation in patients receiving acadesine; granulocyte CD11b expression in the acadesine group peaked at 2.8 times baseline versus 4.3 for placebo.	acadesine	148-157	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	171-176
7848293-7	1995	AICA-riboside had no effect on glycolysis in cardiomyocytes, and a slight stimulatory effect in erythrocytes, but inhibited glycolysis by 65% at 250 microM concentration in FTO-2B cells, although only when tissue-culture medium was replaced by Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer.	acadesine	0-13	FTO, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
7929829-4	1994	Inhibition of platelet aggregation was time dependent and was prevented by the adenosine kinase inhibitor, 5"-deoxy 5-iodotubercidin, which blocked conversion of acadesine to its 5"-monophosphate, ZMP, and by adenosine deaminase.	acadesine	162-171	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	209-228
7929829-5	1994	Acadesine elevated platelet cAMP in whole blood, which was also prevented by adenosine deaminase.	acadesine	0-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	77-96
7877305-10	1995	Acadesine and adenosine inhibit up-regulation of granulocyte CD11b in vitro, and acadesine is capable of a similar inhibition during in vivo cardiopulmonary bypass.	acadesine	0-9	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	61-66
1531010-4	1992	AICAriboside influenced two regulatory steps of glycolysis: (1) it decreased the release of 3H2O from [2-3H]glucose and the concentrations of both glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, indicating that it diminished the phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase; (2) it decreased the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P2), the main physiological stimulator of liver 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase.	acadesine	0-12	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	257-268
34938782-8	2021	Besides, HCP1 activated the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), co-treatment with AMPK activator acadesine eliminated the effect of HCP1 on mTORC1 activity as well as autophagy.	acadesine	125-134	solute carrier family 46, member 1	Mus musculus	9-13
2006182-9	1991	One hypothesis that explains the effect of methotrexate on adenosine release is that, by inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase, methotrexate induces the accumulation of AICAR, the nucleoside precursor of which (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside referred to hereafter as acadesine) has previously been shown to cause adenosine release from ischemic cardiac tissue.	acadesine	327-336	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase	Homo sapiens	150-155
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	342-347	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	342-347	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	122-140
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	342-347	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	142-182
34930349-1	2021	BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha induced by IL-1beta in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) following treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	342-347	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	224-232
34930349-3	2021	We examined the effects of IL-1beta, IL-1 ra and AICAR on the production of IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2 and PGF2alpha in human ESCs.	acadesine	49-54	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	76-80
34930349-3	2021	We examined the effects of IL-1beta, IL-1 ra and AICAR on the production of IL-8, MCP-1, PGE2 and PGF2alpha in human ESCs.	acadesine	49-54	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
34930349-6	2021	The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by IL-1beta and suppressed by AICAR.	acadesine	81-86	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	18-34
34930349-6	2021	The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induced by IL-1beta and suppressed by AICAR.	acadesine	81-86	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	36-41
34938782-8	2021	Besides, HCP1 activated the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), co-treatment with AMPK activator acadesine eliminated the effect of HCP1 on mTORC1 activity as well as autophagy.	acadesine	125-134	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	83-89
34938782-8	2021	Besides, HCP1 activated the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), co-treatment with AMPK activator acadesine eliminated the effect of HCP1 on mTORC1 activity as well as autophagy.	acadesine	125-134	solute carrier family 46, member 1	Mus musculus	160-164
34938782-8	2021	Besides, HCP1 activated the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), co-treatment with AMPK activator acadesine eliminated the effect of HCP1 on mTORC1 activity as well as autophagy.	acadesine	125-134	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	168-174
34727932-13	2021	However, this effect was mitigated by the AMPK agonist acadesine.	acadesine	55-64	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
34418237-1	2021	This study was carried out with the objective to identify function prediction of novel microRNAs (miRNAs) in immature boar Sertoli cells (SCs) treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is an agonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for regulating cellular energy homeostasis.	acadesine	212-217	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	243-291
34418237-1	2021	This study was carried out with the objective to identify function prediction of novel microRNAs (miRNAs) in immature boar Sertoli cells (SCs) treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which is an agonist of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for regulating cellular energy homeostasis.	acadesine	212-217	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	293-297
34727932-15	2021	C14 supplementation associated lipid accumulation by inhibiting the AMPK/ACC/CPT1 signaling pathway, aggravated myocardial lipotoxicity, increased apoptosis apart from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were alleviated by the acadesine.	acadesine	230-239	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
34727932-15	2021	C14 supplementation associated lipid accumulation by inhibiting the AMPK/ACC/CPT1 signaling pathway, aggravated myocardial lipotoxicity, increased apoptosis apart from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were alleviated by the acadesine.	acadesine	230-239	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
34727932-15	2021	C14 supplementation associated lipid accumulation by inhibiting the AMPK/ACC/CPT1 signaling pathway, aggravated myocardial lipotoxicity, increased apoptosis apart from cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were alleviated by the acadesine.	acadesine	230-239	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	77-81
34637373-9	2021	This could be achieved by a direct elevation of PGC-1alpha activity, a stabilization or modification of its upstream activators and inhibitors by chemical compounds, like 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, metformin, and resveratrol.	acadesine	171-210	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	48-58
34387036-7	2021	Functional role of AMPK-alpha2 was examined by treating animals with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	88-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
34387036-7	2021	Functional role of AMPK-alpha2 was examined by treating animals with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	88-142	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
34387036-7	2021	Functional role of AMPK-alpha2 was examined by treating animals with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	144-149	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
34387036-7	2021	Functional role of AMPK-alpha2 was examined by treating animals with the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D ribofuranoside (AICAR).	acadesine	144-149	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
34326272-3	2021	U0126 was applied to inhibit ERK, and metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) was applied to cause AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	acadesine	51-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-154
34326272-3	2021	U0126 was applied to inhibit ERK, and metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) was applied to cause AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	acadesine	51-96	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
34326272-3	2021	U0126 was applied to inhibit ERK, and metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) was applied to cause AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	acadesine	98-103	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-154
34326272-3	2021	U0126 was applied to inhibit ERK, and metformin or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) was applied to cause AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.	acadesine	98-103	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
34320948-6	2021	Interestingly, modifying the metabolic environmental conditions through the use of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically reduced the growth of hybrids, and also abrogated the invasive capacity of hybrids displaying enhanced glycolysis.	acadesine	83-138	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
34320948-6	2021	Interestingly, modifying the metabolic environmental conditions through the use of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an activator of the 5"-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically reduced the growth of hybrids, and also abrogated the invasive capacity of hybrids displaying enhanced glycolysis.	acadesine	140-145	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	227-231
34291211-7	2021	The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the group treated with AICAR alone.	acadesine	132-137	tripartite motif-containing 63	Mus musculus	18-24
34291211-7	2021	The expression of MuRF-1 and FoxO3a decreased in the groups treated with antler extracts compared to that in the group treated with AICAR alone.	acadesine	132-137	forkhead box O3	Mus musculus	29-35
35217431-4	2022	We suppressed and increased the activities of AMPK with Dorsomorphin (CC) and Acadesine (AICAR), respectively.	acadesine	78-87	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	46-50
34064363-0	2021	AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review.	acadesine	0-5	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
34064363-1	2021	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity.	acadesine	0-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
34064363-1	2021	5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity.	acadesine	47-52	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	123-127
34064363-2	2021	The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator.	acadesine	162-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	45-49
34064363-2	2021	The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator.	acadesine	162-167	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	174-178
34064363-5	2021	This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.	acadesine	112-117	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
34064363-5	2021	This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.	acadesine	112-117	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	84-88
35254586-6	2022	Moreover, investigation of the effect of AMPK activity on PRRSV replication showed that PRRSV replication could be suppressed by the pharmacological agonists 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside and A769662.	acadesine	158-212	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
34199160-1	2021	Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs.	acadesine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-76
34199160-1	2021	Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs.	acadesine	0-9	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
34199160-1	2021	Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs.	acadesine	11-14	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-76
34199160-1	2021	Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs.	acadesine	11-14	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	39-43
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Homo sapiens	48-53
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	108-117
35495939-13	2022	In JEG-3 cells, protein expressions of CPT2 and CPT1b were both downregulated by suppressing the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC1alpha signaling pathway under glucolipotoxic condition, but were later restored by the AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR).	acadesine	260-265	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	199-203
35241643-9	2022	AMPK activators metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) hindered miR-146a expression at the transcriptional level by promoting IkappaB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation to attenuate nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.	acadesine	62-67	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
35241643-9	2022	AMPK activators metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) hindered miR-146a expression at the transcriptional level by promoting IkappaB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation to attenuate nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity.	acadesine	62-67	microRNA 146a	Homo sapiens	78-86
35125916-5	2022	Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, on protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in chick myotube cultures.	acadesine	64-118	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	172-178
35299662-10	2022	The results of the 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AIACR) intervention in HL7702 cells were consistent with those of empagliflozin treatment, and the effects of empagliflozin were abolished by compound C. In summary, empagliflozin could maintain glucose homoeostasis by reducing gluconeogenesis and increasing glycogenesis through the AMPK/CREB/GSK3beta signalling pathway.	acadesine	74-79	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	363-367
35299662-10	2022	The results of the 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AIACR) intervention in HL7702 cells were consistent with those of empagliflozin treatment, and the effects of empagliflozin were abolished by compound C. In summary, empagliflozin could maintain glucose homoeostasis by reducing gluconeogenesis and increasing glycogenesis through the AMPK/CREB/GSK3beta signalling pathway.	acadesine	74-79	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	368-376
35125916-5	2022	Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, on protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling in chick myotube cultures.	acadesine	120-125	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	172-178
35020602-7	2022	An activator of AMPK, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), increased the level of nuclear GAPDH, whereas an inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, decreased the level of nuclear GAPDH in senescent HDFs.	acadesine	22-76	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
35020602-7	2022	An activator of AMPK, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), increased the level of nuclear GAPDH, whereas an inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, decreased the level of nuclear GAPDH in senescent HDFs.	acadesine	78-83	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
35020602-7	2022	An activator of AMPK, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), increased the level of nuclear GAPDH, whereas an inhibitor of AMPK, Compound C, decreased the level of nuclear GAPDH in senescent HDFs.	acadesine	78-83	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	197-202
35135451-3	2022	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK.	acadesine	0-39	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
35135451-3	2022	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK.	acadesine	41-46	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	117-121