PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
16888146-2	2006	VIP KO mice showed: (a) airway hyperresponsiveness to the cholinergic agonist methacholine, as well as peribronchial and perivascular inflammation; (b) a greater susceptibility to death from endotoxemia; and (c) evidence suggestive of pulmonary hypertension.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
16815142-10	2006	In addition, the levels of both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were significantly correlated with the methacholine threshold and peak expiratory flow variability for the week.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
16815142-10	2006	In addition, the levels of both TNF-alpha and TGF-beta were significantly correlated with the methacholine threshold and peak expiratory flow variability for the week.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-54
16339999-2	2006	Sensitization of BALB/c mice with ovalbumin (OVA) and alum after three consecutive OVA challenges resulted in AHR to inhaled methacholine and airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	34-43
16902840-2	2006	Methacholine challenge testing (MCT) is widely used to assess airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	90-93
16522461-0	2006	G protein-coupled receptor 154 gene polymorphism is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in a Chinese population.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
16455830-7	2006	Anti-MIF Ab significantly decreased the number of total cells, neutrophils and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the ovalbumin-challenged rats, and also attenuated the ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to ovalbumin and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	247-259	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
16547282-5	2006	Furthermore, Ag-specific IgE and IgG1 in serum, Th2 cell cytokine mRNA expression in the lung, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were significantly reduced in LTC(4)S(null) mice compared with wild-type controls.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	leukotriene C4 synthase	Mus musculus	172-179
16387808-6	2006	Airway hyperreactivity to methacholine observed on Day 73 in OVA-treated mice was absent on Day 163.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	61-64
16522461-2	2006	OBJECTIVE: To test the association between GPR154 gene polymorphisms and airway responsiveness to methacholine in a Chinese population.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	43-49
16522461-6	2006	RESULTS: In stage I, we found that airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was associated with 2 single SNPs, rs324981 and rs324987, but not with the haplotypes of GPR154.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	167-173
16522461-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports a role of the GPR154 gene in asthma susceptibility and suggests that the AA homozygote of rs324981 is a protective factor for airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in a Chinese population.	Methacholine Chloride	188-200	neuropeptide S receptor 1	Homo sapiens	46-52
16364165-10	2006	Both eosinophil number and eosinophil-cationic protein concentration in induced sputum were correlated to methacholine responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	27-54
16424226-10	2006	Our results showed that 12 wk after the first intranasal Ag instillation in chronically asthmatic mice, treatment with the Gal-3 gene led to an improvement in the eosinophil count and the normalization of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	228-240	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	123-128
16002559-4	2006	Airway responsiveness to intravenous methacholine, measured by forced oscillation, was increased in Cpe(fat) vs. wild-type mice after air exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	carboxypeptidase E	Mus musculus	100-103
16179640-2	2006	Knockout mice lacking T-bet develop airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine, peribronchial eosinophilic and lymphocytic inflammation, and increased type III collagen deposition below the bronchial epithelium basement membrane, reminiscent of both acute and chronic asthma histopathology.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	T-box 21	Mus musculus	22-27
16113047-8	2006	The Hpgd-/- and hSP-C-Ptges transgenic lines both showed attenuated airway responsiveness to methacholine as measured by lung resistance.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	surfactant protein C	Homo sapiens	16-21
16200818-8	2005	Furthermore, VEGF levels were inversely correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in patients with CVA and classic asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	13-17
16393274-3	2006	This study investigated whether an anti-TNF-alpha antibody would inhibit pulmonary inflammation and methacholine (Mch) hyper-responsiveness in a mouse model of asthma induced by a house dust extract containing both endotoxin and cockroach allergens.	Methacholine Chloride	100-112	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	40-49
16393274-3	2006	This study investigated whether an anti-TNF-alpha antibody would inhibit pulmonary inflammation and methacholine (Mch) hyper-responsiveness in a mouse model of asthma induced by a house dust extract containing both endotoxin and cockroach allergens.	Methacholine Chloride	114-117	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	40-49
17427151-5	2006	Levels of IL-17A are elevated in sputum of asthmatic patients and correlate with airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	111-123	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	10-16
16297138-11	2005	Moreover, VEGF level and airway vascular permeability index was inversely correlated with degree of airway obstruction and airway hyper-reactivity to methacholine in these asthmatics.	Methacholine Chloride	150-162	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	10-14
16242038-6	2005	RESULTS: AHR in response to methacholine was enhanced only in weanling mice exposed to Ova and subsequently infected with RSV.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	87-90
16236836-9	2005	Sputum IL-13, but not IL-5, is inversely correlated with the provocative concentration of a substance causing a 20% fall in FEV1 for methacholine in asthmatic patients (r = -0.502; p = 0.017).	Methacholine Chloride	133-145	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	7-12
16172426-4	2005	Low renin status was associated with impaired responses to methacholine and nitroprusside in patients with hypertension.	Methacholine Chloride	59-71	renin	Homo sapiens	4-9
16172426-5	2005	Peak methacholine response was 8.7+/-5.6 mL/min per dL in the lowest renin quartile (0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL per hour) versus 14.3+/-7.3 mL/min per dL in the highest 3 renin quartiles combined (0.4 to 4.6 ng/mL per hour; P<0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	5-17	renin	Homo sapiens	69-74
16172426-5	2005	Peak methacholine response was 8.7+/-5.6 mL/min per dL in the lowest renin quartile (0.1 to 0.3 ng/mL per hour) versus 14.3+/-7.3 mL/min per dL in the highest 3 renin quartiles combined (0.4 to 4.6 ng/mL per hour; P<0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	5-17	renin	Homo sapiens	161-166
16172426-10	2005	Importantly, hypertensive patients with a high aldosterone/renin ratio also had impaired responses to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	102-114	renin	Homo sapiens	59-64
16286236-8	2006	Respiratory resistance in response to methacholine (MCh i.v.)	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	52-55
16324223-8	2005	Increased responsiveness to aerosolised MCh was matched by elevated levels of cysLT at 5 d and elevated VEGF and PGE2 at 7 d in BALF from both adult and weanling mice.	Methacholine Chloride	40-43	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	104-108
16083788-9	2005	Although (S)-albuterol significantly reduced airway eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus occlusion, it increased airway edema and responsiveness to methacholine in OVA-sensitized/OVA-challenged mice.	Methacholine Chloride	171-183	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	187-190
15840578-0	2005	Role of alpha1 2.3 subunit I-II linker sites in the enhancement of Ca(v) 2.3 current by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and acetyl-beta-methylcholine.	Methacholine Chloride	124-149	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	67-76
15849325-6	2005	RESULTS: Compared with wild-type mice, BLT1 -/- mice developed significantly lower airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, lower goblet cell hyperplasia in the airways, and decreased interleukin (IL)-13 production both in vivo, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and in vitro, after antigen stimulation of lung cells in culture.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	leukotriene B4 receptor 1	Mus musculus	39-43
15840578-1	2005	Potentiation of Ca(v) 2.3 currents by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) may be due to protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of the alpha1 2.3 subunit.	Methacholine Chloride	79-104	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-25
15840578-1	2005	Potentiation of Ca(v) 2.3 currents by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) may be due to protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of the alpha1 2.3 subunit.	Methacholine Chloride	106-109	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-25
15876305-5	2005	However, there was a strong association of the ALOX5 Sp1 repeat polymorphism with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR; PC20 methacholine); AIA patients carrying a mutant allele (n > 5 or n < 5 repeats) showed increased AHR compared to AIA patients with wild-type genotype (P=0.003).	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	47-52
15661912-5	2005	The log [plasma eotaxin1] values correlated with the log [serum total IgE] values in the asthmatics and the normal controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.004, respectively), and with the log [PC20 methacholine] values in the asthmatics (p = 0.014).	Methacholine Chloride	188-200	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	16-24
15557017-3	2005	The responsiveness to different doses of methacholine, as determined by changes in lung resistance and dynamic compliance, was significantly (P < or = 0.05) lower in cd38(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	169-173
15533987-8	2005	Furthermore, S712A TRPC3 mutant-mediated Ca(2+) entry after methacholine activation was significantly greater than that of wild-type TRPC3.	Methacholine Chloride	60-72	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
15477493-7	2005	A significant enhancement of ventilatory timing in response to inhaled methacholine was also seen in IL-17F-transduced, Ag-sensitized mice, whereas a small but significant increase was found in IL-17F-transduced, naive mice.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	interleukin 17F	Mus musculus	101-107
15361358-0	2005	CXCR2 is essential for maximal neutrophil recruitment and methacholine responsiveness after ozone exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	0-5
15361358-3	2005	The purpose of this study was to determine whether CXCR2, the receptor for these chemokines, is essential to O(3)-induced neutrophil recruitment, injury to lungs, and increases in respiratory system responsiveness to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	217-229	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	51-56
15361358-3	2005	The purpose of this study was to determine whether CXCR2, the receptor for these chemokines, is essential to O(3)-induced neutrophil recruitment, injury to lungs, and increases in respiratory system responsiveness to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	231-234	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	51-56
15265801-1	2004	It has been established that polycations cause airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine by inducing a deficiency of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS)-derived bronchodilating nitric oxide (NO).	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Cavia porcellus	160-164
15361358-13	2005	These results indicate CXCR2 is essential for maximal neutrophil recruitment, epithelial cell sloughing, and persistent increases in MCh responsiveness after an acute O(3) exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	133-136	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	23-28
15637554-8	2005	Ovalbumin challenge increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells and cytokines, serum IgE, lung cytokine mRNA expression, and responses to inhaled, aerosolized methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	160-172	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-9
15707850-0	2005	Relationship between airway responsiveness to neurokinin A and methacholine in asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	63-75	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	46-58
15707850-2	2005	The airway response to NKA in humans closely resembles that of methacholine (M).	Methacholine Chloride	63-75	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
15707850-10	2005	We have demonstrated a significant relationship between airway responsiveness to NKA and methacholine in asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
15307192-5	2004	In contrast, the inflammatory response of recipients of adoptively transferred Tc2 cells (producing high levels of IL-4 but little IFN-gamma) was characterized by significantly increased numbers of eosinophils and induction of BHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	234-246	transcobalamin 2	Mus musculus	79-82
15307192-5	2004	In contrast, the inflammatory response of recipients of adoptively transferred Tc2 cells (producing high levels of IL-4 but little IFN-gamma) was characterized by significantly increased numbers of eosinophils and induction of BHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	234-246	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	115-119
15454121-3	2004	We sensitized and challenged mice with ovalbumin (OVA) to develop airway hyperresponsiveness as assessed by airway constriction and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) induced by allergen.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	39-48
15454121-3	2004	We sensitized and challenged mice with ovalbumin (OVA) to develop airway hyperresponsiveness as assessed by airway constriction and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) induced by allergen.	Methacholine Chloride	178-181	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	39-48
15550028-6	2004	Stimulation by methacholine and desmopressin induced a 6- and 12-fold increase in total tPA release rates, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	15-27	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	88-91
15356571-0	2004	IL-4-independent pathways exacerbate methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity during mycoplasma respiratory disease.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	0-4
15356571-3	2004	OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effect of IL-4 on the severity of methacholine-induced AHR associated with mycoplasma pulmonary mycoplasma infection.	Methacholine Chloride	70-82	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	46-50
15356571-7	2004	However, IL-4 KO mice had significantly higher methacholine-induced AHR after M pulmonis infection when compared with BALB/c mice.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	9-13
15356571-9	2004	CONCLUSION: In contrast to our hypothesis, IL-4-independent pathways exacerbate methacholine-induced AHR and promote airway obstruction during the pathogenesis of mycoplasma respiratory disease.	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	43-47
15338791-0	2004	Relief of dyspnoea by beta2-agonists after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	43-55	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
15298576-8	2004	However, both WT and IL-6-deficient mice exhibited similar levels of airway responsiveness to increasing doses of methacholine, even after repeated exposure to OVA.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	21-25
15219823-2	2004	In the present study, we have compared the relative capacity of PKC in modulating beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of methacholine-contracted rat oesophagus smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
15316504-4	2004	METHODS: Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; MH30, -1147CT, +49AG, CT60, JO31, JO30, JO27_1) in CTLA-4 were analyzed for associations with total serum IgE, allergic sensitization (positive skin prick test to common allergens), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine, asthma, and lung function (FEV1 % of predicted) in 364 asthmatic families from 3 European countries.	Methacholine Chloride	275-287	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	105-111
15219823-2	2004	In the present study, we have compared the relative capacity of PKC in modulating beta2- and beta3-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation of methacholine-contracted rat oesophagus smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	adrenoceptor beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-111
14975936-6	2004	In contrast, DBA/2J, A/J, FVB/NJ, CAST/Ei, and C3H/HeJ strains had demonstrated increases in sensitivity to MCh at 6 h after exposure, but responses had returned to near baseline by 24 h after exposure to O3.	Methacholine Chloride	108-111	calpastatin	Mus musculus	34-38
15020581-8	2004	Moreover, doxycycline-treated CC10-rtTA-NOS-2 mice were hyporesponsive to methacholine compared with other groups.	Methacholine Chloride	74-86	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	40-45
15208606-7	2004	RESULTS: After a long interval between ovalbumin immunotherapy and ovalbumin challenge, the development of airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were as strongly suppressed as after a short interval.	Methacholine Chloride	154-166	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	39-48
15250231-2	2004	In clinical and research studies AHR is measured bronchial challenge, with methacholine (MCh), but more recently with adenosine-5"-monophosphate (AMP).	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	33-36
15250231-2	2004	In clinical and research studies AHR is measured bronchial challenge, with methacholine (MCh), but more recently with adenosine-5"-monophosphate (AMP).	Methacholine Chloride	89-92	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	33-36
14966019-8	2004	O(3) exposure significantly increased Raw, Rtis, lung resistance (Rl), G, H, and eta responses to methacholine in both groups of mice.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	endothelin receptor type A	Mus musculus	81-84
15208606-7	2004	RESULTS: After a long interval between ovalbumin immunotherapy and ovalbumin challenge, the development of airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were as strongly suppressed as after a short interval.	Methacholine Chloride	154-166	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	67-76
15189357-11	2004	This dynamic regulation was also observed at the level of PKC activation indicated by an enhanced translocation of eGFP-tagged myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) protein in cells stimulated with MCH.	Methacholine Chloride	215-218	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	174-180
14625305-2	2004	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) decreased Cav 1.2c currents, did not affect 2.1 or 2.2 currents, but potentiated Cav 2.3 currents.	Methacholine Chloride	0-25	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	113-120
15144461-9	2004	Furthermore, the increase in airways sensitivity to inhaled methacholine following OVA challenge of immunized mice was suppressed following treatment with Cpn60.1.	Methacholine Chloride	60-72	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	155-160
15195554-1	2004	Although angiotensin II (Ang II) causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mildly asthmatic patients, the responsible mechanisms for these reactions are unclear.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	9-23
15195554-1	2004	Although angiotensin II (Ang II) causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mildly asthmatic patients, the responsible mechanisms for these reactions are unclear.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	25-31
15195554-6	2004	The Ang II infusion elicited bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	4-10
15195554-7	2004	The provocative concentration of methacholine, which produced a 200% increase above the baseline Pao (PC200), decreased from 306.9 to 156.1 micrograms/mL upon Ang II infusion.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	159-165
15195554-9	2004	The authors conclude that Ang II caused bronchoconstriction and induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine via the AT1 receptors and that this effect did not involve the release of other bronchoactive mediators.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	26-32
15195554-9	2004	The authors conclude that Ang II caused bronchoconstriction and induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine via the AT1 receptors and that this effect did not involve the release of other bronchoactive mediators.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	type-1 angiotensin II receptor	Cavia porcellus	126-129
14625305-2	2004	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh) decreased Cav 1.2c currents, did not affect 2.1 or 2.2 currents, but potentiated Cav 2.3 currents.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	113-120
14510783-8	2003	Methacholine (50 nm) antagonised Ang II-facilitated autoregulation in the presence and absence of NOS/COX inhibition.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	33-39
14764728-5	2004	Compared with wild-type mice, CD8(-/-) mice developed significantly lower airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and lung eosinophilia, and exhibited decreased IL-13 production both in vivo, in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and in vitro, following Ag stimulation of peribronchial lymph node (PBLN) cells in culture.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	30-33
14736550-7	2004	RESULTS: One week of chronic PGHS-2 inhibition abolished a PGHS-dependent shift in methacholine-induced relaxation, while modulation was still observed in phenylephrine constriction.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
15007632-7	2004	Mice lacking T-bet have profound defects in the development of the Th1 subset and the production of IFN-gamma, but overproduce Th2 cytokines and, in the absence of immunological challenge, they exhibited airway hyperreactivity to methacholine associated with a peribronchial and perivascular infiltration with eosinophils and lymphocytes.	Methacholine Chloride	230-242	T-box 21	Mus musculus	13-18
14637184-5	2003	Pretreatment of bovine tracheal smooth muscle strips in organ culture with insulin increased maximal contraction to methacholine and KCl.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	insulin	Bos taurus	75-82
14616122-6	2003	Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between MDC levels and the bronchoconstrictive response to methacholine [PC20 forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, r = -0.78, P = 0.001], suggesting that MDC may be involved in the severity of the disease.	Methacholine Chloride	110-122	C-C motif chemokine ligand 22	Homo sapiens	59-62
14616122-6	2003	Interestingly, there was a significant correlation between MDC levels and the bronchoconstrictive response to methacholine [PC20 forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, r = -0.78, P = 0.001], suggesting that MDC may be involved in the severity of the disease.	Methacholine Chloride	110-122	C-C motif chemokine ligand 22	Homo sapiens	201-204
14633513-6	2004	PAR-1 agonist peptide potentiated methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance in anesthetized sham-infected mice (and in indomethacin-treated, virus-infected mice), but no such potentiation was observed in virus-infected mice.	Methacholine Chloride	34-46	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor	Mus musculus	0-5
14633513-7	2004	PAR-2 agonist peptide transiently inhibited methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in sham-infected mice, and this effect was prolonged in virus-infected mice.	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	pulmonary adenoma resistance 2	Mus musculus	0-5
14503920-5	2004	We used laser Doppler imaging to measure the forearm skin blood flow responses to iontophoresis of acetylcholine and of methacholine (which is resistant to breakdown by cholinesterase) in patients with CFS, GWS and those with a history of ill health after definite organophosphate exposure, as well as in matched healthy controls.	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	169-183
14637310-6	2003	RESULTS: Sensitized acutely exposed mice had significantly increased tissue damping (G), tissue elastance (H) and hysteresivity (eta) in response to Mch, but no significant increase in airway resistance (Raw), indicating tissue-specific hyperresponsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	149-152	endothelin receptor type A	Mus musculus	129-132
14610483-6	2003	RESULTS: Eotaxin-2 and IL-5 cooperatively promoted eosinophil accumulation, IL-13 production, and AHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 24	Mus musculus	9-18
14610483-6	2003	RESULTS: Eotaxin-2 and IL-5 cooperatively promoted eosinophil accumulation, IL-13 production, and AHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	23-27
14519659-3	2003	Incubation of lung parenchyma with methacholine increased the activation of NF-kappaB, which was further augmented by stretch.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	76-85
14555588-1	2003	BACKGROUND: The standard 2-min tidal breathing methacholine challenge utilizes 3 mL to produce an output of 0.26 mL per 2 min, resulting in a substantial amount of methacholine being discarded.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
14555588-1	2003	BACKGROUND: The standard 2-min tidal breathing methacholine challenge utilizes 3 mL to produce an output of 0.26 mL per 2 min, resulting in a substantial amount of methacholine being discarded.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	116-121
14519659-6	2003	Mechanical stretch and/or treatment with methacholine resulted in an increased activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, and the inhibition of the activity of these kinases partially blocked the stretch-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	93-99
14519659-6	2003	Mechanical stretch and/or treatment with methacholine resulted in an increased activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, and the inhibition of the activity of these kinases partially blocked the stretch-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	104-107
14519659-6	2003	Mechanical stretch and/or treatment with methacholine resulted in an increased activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, and the inhibition of the activity of these kinases partially blocked the stretch-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	210-219
14519659-6	2003	Mechanical stretch and/or treatment with methacholine resulted in an increased activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, and the inhibition of the activity of these kinases partially blocked the stretch-induced NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	224-228
12953017-6	2003	14,15-EEZE-mSI also inhibited indomethacin-resistant relaxation to arachidonic acid and indomethacin-resistant and l-nitroarginine-resistant relaxation to bradykinin and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	170-182	phenylalkylamine Ca2+ antagonist (emopamil) binding protein	Mus musculus	11-14
12871220-5	2003	When preantigen levels were compared to 24-hr postantigen levels, significant increases in BM CD34+ CCR3+ cells were detected in DR, who also developed a significant sputum and blood eosinophilia and increased methacholine airway responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	210-222	CD34 molecule	Homo sapiens	94-98
12871220-5	2003	When preantigen levels were compared to 24-hr postantigen levels, significant increases in BM CD34+ CCR3+ cells were detected in DR, who also developed a significant sputum and blood eosinophilia and increased methacholine airway responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	210-222	C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Homo sapiens	100-104
12611815-0	2003	Methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is dependent on Galphaq signaling.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide	Mus musculus	64-71
12970039-8	2003	Methacholine induced concentration-dependent contractions that were consistently higher in the nNOS-/- tracheas relative to wild-type mice tracheas (p > 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	95-99
12913068-6	2003	Multipoint variance component-based linkage analysis was performed for five quantitative asthma-related traits: (i) percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)); (ii) dose of methacholine resulting in 20% fall in FEV(1) from baseline (PC(20)); (iii) post-bronchodilator percent change in FEV(1) (BDPR); (iv) serum eosinophil levels (EOS); and (v) total serum IgE levels (IgE).	Methacholine Chloride	196-208	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	380-383
12913068-6	2003	Multipoint variance component-based linkage analysis was performed for five quantitative asthma-related traits: (i) percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)); (ii) dose of methacholine resulting in 20% fall in FEV(1) from baseline (PC(20)); (iii) post-bronchodilator percent change in FEV(1) (BDPR); (iv) serum eosinophil levels (EOS); and (v) total serum IgE levels (IgE).	Methacholine Chloride	196-208	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	392-395
12925702-3	2003	Unexpectedly, betaAR-/- mice, lacking these bronchodilating receptors, had markedly decreased bronchoconstrictive responses to methacholine and other Gq-coupled receptor agonists.	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	adrenergic receptor, beta 1	Mus musculus	14-23
12801317-4	2003	RESULTS: After exposure to 0.2-2000 pm TGF-beta 1 for 4-8 h, the inhibitory effects of 1 microm isoprenaline (ISO) and 10 microm forskolin on 1 microm MCh-induced contraction were markedly reduced in a concentration-dependent fashion.	Methacholine Chloride	151-154	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cavia porcellus	39-49
12759459-4	2003	Surprisingly, these IL-5 TG mice showed lower airway reactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	20-24
12620812-7	2003	Unlike cells on glass, cells on HCS shortened to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	holocarboxylase synthetase	Homo sapiens	32-35
12789240-9	2003	Moreover, goblet cell metaplasia and airway responsiveness to methacholine could be reduced significantly by the IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	113-117
12789240-9	2003	Moreover, goblet cell metaplasia and airway responsiveness to methacholine could be reduced significantly by the IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	118-123
12804137-11	2003	C10 and C12 also increased airway responsiveness to methacholine challenge compared with control and EGTA groups.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6	Mus musculus	0-3
12814161-0	2003	Interleukin-17 in sputum correlates with airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-14
12807177-2	2003	This prospective laboratory study evaluated the applicability of PS20 to assess the breathlessness induced by ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and methacholine (M) and its reproducibility.	Methacholine Chloride	162-174	WAP four-disulfide core domain 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
12480609-4	2003	Inhalation challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) in OVA-sensitized wild-type mice caused eosinophil accumulation in the lung as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine 3 days after the challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	159-171	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	26-35
12597995-5	2003	Other studies were performed in naive guinea pigs to investigate the airway responses to inhaled methacholine or histamine after an intravenous administration of adrenomedullin.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	ADM	Cavia porcellus	162-176
12640377-6	2003	The only significant relationship between asthma severity and height percentile was with methacholine bronchoprovocation in girls (beta 2.98, P =.019, covariate multiple regression).	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	131-137
12642837-3	2003	METHOD AND RESULTS: Intratracheal administration of IL-5 to ovalbumin sensitized Brown Norway SSN rats increased the airway responsiveness to methacholine (AHR) 20 hours after administration of IL-5 at the same time as an increase in neutrophils occurred in the lung lavage.	Methacholine Chloride	142-154	interleukin 5	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
12642837-3	2003	METHOD AND RESULTS: Intratracheal administration of IL-5 to ovalbumin sensitized Brown Norway SSN rats increased the airway responsiveness to methacholine (AHR) 20 hours after administration of IL-5 at the same time as an increase in neutrophils occurred in the lung lavage.	Methacholine Chloride	142-154	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
12488235-5	2003	Methacholine inhibited ANP secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
12644720-7	2003	Allergen challenge and clinical asthma are associated with synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha which have been shown to decrease the response to beta-agonists and increased the reactivity to methacholine and the airways neutrophils and alveolar macrophages.	Methacholine Chloride	234-246	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
12608446-4	2003	The present study specifically examines whether exposure to HS affects histamine challenge-induced exudation of plasma (alpha2-macroglobulin) and methacholine-induced secretion of mucin (fucose).	Methacholine Chloride	146-158	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	180-185
12673070-4	2003	RESULTS: Serum IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels were significantly related to levels of methacholine airway responsiveness among nonasthmatics in this population.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
12673070-4	2003	RESULTS: Serum IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels were significantly related to levels of methacholine airway responsiveness among nonasthmatics in this population.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	29-35
12673070-6	2003	Both serum IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels were also significantly related to the log dose-response slope for methacholine responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	11-20
12673070-6	2003	Both serum IFN-gamma and GM-CSF levels were also significantly related to the log dose-response slope for methacholine responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-31
12956435-8	2003	After the 2nd and 3rd doses of methacholine and histamine spray, the concentration of secretory IgA decreased by 2-3 times and was found to be 200-300 microg/ml, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	31-43	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	96-99
12070213-4	2002	Ovalbumin-immunized and -challenged mice had increased numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage and increased responsiveness to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	136-148	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-9
12616344-1	2003	We earlier reported that lidocaine augments the relaxation and accumulation of guanosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate produced by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in bovine tracheal smooth muscle contracted with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	210-222	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	128-154
12376343-5	2002	Tracheal smooth muscle reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and methacholine (MCh) and smooth muscle contractions to electric field stimulation (EFS) both increased after IL-1beta.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	interleukin-1 beta	Mustela putorius furo	168-176
12376343-5	2002	Tracheal smooth muscle reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh) and methacholine (MCh) and smooth muscle contractions to electric field stimulation (EFS) both increased after IL-1beta.	Methacholine Chloride	75-78	interleukin-1 beta	Mustela putorius furo	168-176
12376343-7	2002	Pretreatment with CP-99994, an antagonist of neurokinin 1 receptor, attenuated the IL-1beta-induced hyperreactivity to ACh and MCh and to EFS in cultured tracheal segments.	Methacholine Chloride	127-130	interleukin-1 beta	Mustela putorius furo	83-91
12391252-7	2002	Similarly, compared with wild-type animals, airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine (40 micro g/ml) was diminished 38% in mice lacking PAR2 and increased by 52% in mice overexpressing PAR2.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	142-146
12391252-7	2002	Similarly, compared with wild-type animals, airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine (40 micro g/ml) was diminished 38% in mice lacking PAR2 and increased by 52% in mice overexpressing PAR2.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	191-195
12237324-5	2002	We have also built a molecular model of the M(2) mAChR-(S)-methacholine complex, based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of rhodopsin.	Methacholine Chloride	55-71	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	130-139
12190655-3	2002	OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine if airways hyper-responsiveness to bradykinin provides a more sensitive index of glucocorticoid responsiveness in asthmatic subjects than does hyper-responsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	75-85
12126760-8	2002	In addition, treatment with AEOL 10113 reduced the magnitude of ovalbumin-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	108-120	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	64-73
12905693-5	2002	The dose of methacholine was low in asthmatics carrying Gln27 homozygous beta 2AR than Glu27 homozygous beta 2AR and Gln/Glu27 heterozygous beta 2AR in brocho-challenge test [(0.205 +/- 0.275) vs (2.11 +/- 3.00) vs (1.575 +/- 0.828) mumol, P < 0.05].	Methacholine Chloride	12-24	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	73-81
12905693-5	2002	The dose of methacholine was low in asthmatics carrying Gln27 homozygous beta 2AR than Glu27 homozygous beta 2AR and Gln/Glu27 heterozygous beta 2AR in brocho-challenge test [(0.205 +/- 0.275) vs (2.11 +/- 3.00) vs (1.575 +/- 0.828) mumol, P < 0.05].	Methacholine Chloride	12-24	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	104-112
12905693-5	2002	The dose of methacholine was low in asthmatics carrying Gln27 homozygous beta 2AR than Glu27 homozygous beta 2AR and Gln/Glu27 heterozygous beta 2AR in brocho-challenge test [(0.205 +/- 0.275) vs (2.11 +/- 3.00) vs (1.575 +/- 0.828) mumol, P < 0.05].	Methacholine Chloride	12-24	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	104-112
12417879-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The methacholine bronchoprovocation model is safe and useful in the study of albuterol MDI dose-response in asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	17-29	MAFD2	Homo sapiens	100-103
12356572-5	2002	Airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial cell damage, and nonspecific airway reactivity to methacholine challenge, measured 24 h following the last challenge, were reduced to baseline levels in TNF-alpha null mice and athymic mice.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	209-218
12396623-4	2002	OVA-sensitized mice treated with Ad-IFN-gamma exhibit significantly lower levels of Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5, OVA-specific serum IgE, lung eosinophilia, and AHR in response to methacholine challenge compared with control mice.	Methacholine Chloride	195-207	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	36-45
12153980-6	2002	Treatment with anti-IL-9 antibody significantly prevented airway hyperreactivity in response to methacholine inhalation.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	interleukin 9	Mus musculus	20-24
12128066-7	2002	cGMP production induced by methacholine, A23187 and thapsigargin was clearly inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS).	Methacholine Chloride	27-39	nitric oxide synthase, brain	Oryctolagus cuniculus	156-177
12154006-4	2002	Significant airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine was observed at day 3 in CCR4-/- mice, whereas at days 7 and 30, airway hyperresponsiveness was attenuated in these mice compared with control mice.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	92-96
12070213-4	2002	Ovalbumin-immunized and -challenged mice had increased numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage and increased responsiveness to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	150-153	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-9
12583324-8	2002	Significant negative correlation was detected between the serum TNF-alpha and sTNF-R2 concentrations and PD20 FEV1 methacholin (dose of methacholin resulting in a 20% reduction of forced exspiratory volume in 1 second) in hyperreactive patients.	Methacholine Chloride	115-126	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-73
11919652-8	2002	However, if rolipram or CC3 were given in combination with motapizone, methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction was concentration-dependently attenuated.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	C-C motif chemokine ligand 14	Homo sapiens	24-27
11856737-3	2002	(K215R)GRK6 expression inhibited methacholine-stimulated M(3) mACh receptor phosphorylation by 50% compared with plasmid transfected control cells.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6	Homo sapiens	7-11
11956058-5	2002	Administration of CGRP to sensitized and challenged mice resulted in the normalization of airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, an effect that was neutralized by the receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37).	Methacholine Chloride	123-135	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	18-22
11956058-5	2002	Administration of CGRP to sensitized and challenged mice resulted in the normalization of airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, an effect that was neutralized by the receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37).	Methacholine Chloride	123-135	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	195-199
12583324-8	2002	Significant negative correlation was detected between the serum TNF-alpha and sTNF-R2 concentrations and PD20 FEV1 methacholin (dose of methacholin resulting in a 20% reduction of forced exspiratory volume in 1 second) in hyperreactive patients.	Methacholine Chloride	136-147	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-73
11801688-4	2002	At days 3 and 7 after conidia, CXCR2-/- mice exhibited significantly greater methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity than did CXCR2+/+ mice.	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	31-36
11907193-9	2002	These results indicate that nNOS is endogenously present in rat parotid acinar cells and that the rapid activation of this enzyme together with those of CaM kinase II and PKG contributes to MCh-induced amylase secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	190-193	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
11897855-2	2002	Here we show that cholinergic receptor activation (methacholine 10-20 nm) in hippocampal slice cultures induces an oscillatory mode of activity, in which the intrinsic network oscillator (located in the CA3 area) expresses simultaneous theta and gamma network oscillations.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
11888952-1	2002	STUDY OBJECTIVES: To exclude genetic linkage between the beta(2)-adrenoceptor gene and asthma, allergy, and methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	108-120	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	57-77
11790655-3	2002	To elucidate the molecular and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PAF-associated bronchial hyperreactivity, we studied airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in PAFR-transgenic mice.	Methacholine Chloride	162-165	patchy fur	Mus musculus	70-73
11751206-3	2002	Inhalation of aerosolized methacholine by immunized mice 72-96 h after Ova reduced epithelial mucus content, and enriched the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mucus.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	71-74
11777987-4	2002	In addition, the airway reactivity to methacholine was elevated moderately in DQ6/CD4(null) mice compared with the high response in DQ/CD4(+) counterparts and was only partially augmented by CD4(+) T cell transfer.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	82-85
11707570-5	2001	Likewise, Penh, a measure of bronchoconstriction, was significantly enhanced in Aqp5(-/-) mice challenged with aerosolized methacholine (P < 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	123-135	aquaporin 5	Mus musculus	80-84
11726402-7	2001	In a more "severe" ongoing model, induced by sensitization to OVA emulsified in aluminum hydroxide, resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and stronger inflammatory responses, mCTLA4-IgG was less effective in that only the number of eosinophils in the BALF was reduced (P = 0.053), whereas dexamethasone inhibited both BALF eosinophilia and cytokine production by lung lymphocytes.	Methacholine Chloride	143-155	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	62-65
11710537-4	2001	Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was also blocked by FL treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	63-65
11592779-15	2001	The data show that combined pre-irradiation stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors with methacholine plus alpha-adrenoceptors with phenylephrine can reduce both early and late damage, possibly involving the PLC/PIP2 second messenger pathways.	Methacholine Chloride	99-111	heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2	Homo sapiens	218-221
11692101-4	2001	METHODS: We assessed whether ISS modulated the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and OVA allergen-challenged mice pretreated with an antibody to deplete NK cells.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	141-150
11692101-4	2001	METHODS: We assessed whether ISS modulated the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and OVA allergen-challenged mice pretreated with an antibody to deplete NK cells.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	152-155
11729349-4	2001	The goal of the present study was to define the role of eotaxin-1 in the development of allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	186-198	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11	Mus musculus	56-63
11729349-4	2001	The goal of the present study was to define the role of eotaxin-1 in the development of allergen-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	200-203	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11	Mus musculus	56-63
11729349-7	2001	RESULTS: Following allergen sensitization and challenge, eotaxin-1-deficient mice developed levels of AHR to inhaled MCh at 18 and 48 h comparable to controls.	Methacholine Chloride	117-120	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11	Mus musculus	57-64
11550070-5	2001	Treatment of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice with LFM-A8 prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in a dose-dependent fashion.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	13-22
11466391-4	2001	The absence of phenotypic consequences in these knockout animals extended beyond pulmonary histopathologies and airway changes, as EPO-deficient animals also displayed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness after provocation with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	230-242	eosinophil peroxidase	Mus musculus	131-134
11476459-0	2001	Age-dependent relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and total serum IgE level in asthmatic children.	Methacholine Chloride	68-80	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	97-100
11476459-9	2001	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is an age-dependent relationship between bronchial reactivity to methacholine and the total serum IgE level and that inhaled allergens, which were more common allergens in older children, may have some effects on the degree of bronchial reactivity to methacholine in children with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	101-113	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	134-137
11476459-9	2001	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is an age-dependent relationship between bronchial reactivity to methacholine and the total serum IgE level and that inhaled allergens, which were more common allergens in older children, may have some effects on the degree of bronchial reactivity to methacholine in children with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	287-299	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	134-137
11455019-2	2001	Overexpression of GRK3 or GRK6 enhanced M3 mACh receptor phosphorylation after high-concentration methacholine (100 microM, 1 min) addition.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
11455019-2	2001	Overexpression of GRK3 or GRK6 enhanced M3 mACh receptor phosphorylation after high-concentration methacholine (100 microM, 1 min) addition.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6	Homo sapiens	26-30
11404269-9	2001	eNOS(-/-) mice were hyperresponsive to inhaled methacholine and markedly less sensitive to N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	0-4
11290802-3	2001	Airway hyperreactivity, measured by the methacholine-provoked increase in enhanced pause, was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in OVA-challenged CCR2(-/-) mutant mice, compared with comparably challenged CCR2(+/+) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	150-154
11290802-3	2001	Airway hyperreactivity, measured by the methacholine-provoked increase in enhanced pause, was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in OVA-challenged CCR2(-/-) mutant mice, compared with comparably challenged CCR2(+/+) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2	Mus musculus	209-213
11264706-3	2001	Inhaled TNF-alpha increases airway responsiveness to methacholine in normal and asthmatic subjects associated with a sputum neutrophilia.	Methacholine Chloride	53-65	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	8-17
11237998-3	2001	In lungs precontracted with methacholine, IL-1beta alone and IL-1beta/TNF-alpha decreased airway resistance 10 min after administration, whereas TNF-alpha alone had no effect.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	61-69
11133497-6	2001	Both HNE and methacholine significantly increased the level of SLPI mRNA in submucosal glands in a dose-dependent manner (i.e., 357% of control level at 10(-7) M and 175% of control level at 10(-5) M, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	63-67
11159016-3	2001	Naive WT and IL-10-KO mice exhibited similar dose-dependent increases in airway resistance (Raw) to intravenous MCh.	Methacholine Chloride	112-115	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	13-18
10926562-4	2000	Airway responsiveness measured by whole body plethysmography showed that the methacholine dose required to increase enhanced pause to 200% of baseline (ED(200)) was greater for CCSP-beta(2)-AR than for NTG mice (345 +/- 34 vs. 157 +/- 14 mg/ml; P < 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	secretoglobin, family 1A, member 1 (uteroglobin)	Mus musculus	177-181
11167957-0	2001	Linkage between bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and gene markers of IL-4 cytokine gene cluster and T-cell receptor alpha/delta gene complex in Korean nuclear families.	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
11167957-11	2001	CONCLUSION: The expression of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine may be influenced by genetic factors in the IL-4 cytokine gene cluster and/or T-cell receptor alpha/delta gene complex, but the genetic influence of the FcepsilonRI-beta gene may be minimal in the expression of bronchial responsiveness in Korean nuclear families.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	115-119
11167957-11	2001	CONCLUSION: The expression of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine may be influenced by genetic factors in the IL-4 cytokine gene cluster and/or T-cell receptor alpha/delta gene complex, but the genetic influence of the FcepsilonRI-beta gene may be minimal in the expression of bronchial responsiveness in Korean nuclear families.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	membrane spanning 4-domains A1	Homo sapiens	224-240
11067904-4	2000	Moreover, OVA sensitization/aerosol challenge of wild-type and mMBP-1(-/-) mice resulted in identical dose-response changes to either methacholine or serotonin.	Methacholine Chloride	134-146	proteoglycan 2, bone marrow	Mus musculus	63-69
10934234-2	2000	We found that genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F(1)-W/W(v) mice that were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) without adjuvant, then challenged repetitively with antigen intranasally, exhibited much weaker responses in terms of bronchial hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine, lung tissue eosinophil infiltration, and numbers of proliferating cells within the airway epithelium than did identically treated WBB6F(1)-+/+ normal mice.	Methacholine Chloride	266-278	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	102-105
11082424-10	2000	Treatment of ovalbumin-sensitized mice with WHI-P97 prevented the development of airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine in a dose-dependent fashion.	Methacholine Chloride	112-124	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	13-22
11097312-9	2000	PD20 methacholine evaluated after the end of grass pollination was negatively significantly correlated with levels of total IgE (r=-0.73; P<0.01) and the increase (from March to May) of serum ECP (r=-0.75; P<0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	5-17	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	195-198
11109989-9	2000	Intra-arterial injection of methacholine and stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve both caused local vasodilatation in the gland which was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with sympathetic stimulation or the NPY Y1 agonist.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	neuropeptide Y	Canis lupus familiaris	219-222
11029375-3	2000	Perfusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effect on pulmonary resistance or pulmonary artery pressure, but induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) and pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity (VHR) to platelet-activating factor (PAF).	Methacholine Chloride	152-164	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	35-38
11029375-3	2000	Perfusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effect on pulmonary resistance or pulmonary artery pressure, but induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) and pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity (VHR) to platelet-activating factor (PAF).	Methacholine Chloride	166-169	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	35-38
11034416-3	2000	When compared with wild-type mice, IL-6-/- mice manifest exaggerated inflammation and eosinophilia, increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 protein and mRNA, exaggerated levels of eotaxin, JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -2, and mRNA, increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) TGF-beta1, and exaggerated airway responses to aerosolized methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	385-397	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	35-39
11034416-5	2000	IL-6 also decreased the expression of endothelial VCAM-1 and airway responsiveness to methacholine in these animals.	Methacholine Chloride	86-98	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	0-4
10926562-4	2000	Airway responsiveness measured by whole body plethysmography showed that the methacholine dose required to increase enhanced pause to 200% of baseline (ED(200)) was greater for CCSP-beta(2)-AR than for NTG mice (345 +/- 34 vs. 157 +/- 14 mg/ml; P < 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	adrenergic receptor, beta 2	Mus musculus	182-192
10712348-7	2000	Sensitized and challenged CD23 transgenic mice also developed eosinophilic airway inflammation and methacholine hyperresponsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	99-111	Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	26-30
10830775-6	2000	In contrast, interleukin-4-deficient mice exhibited no decrease in airway inflammation, but had significantly greater epithelial hypertrophy and subepithelial fibrosis, as well as exaggerated hyperreactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	211-223	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	13-26
10749743-4	2000	Unexpectedly, the same IL-10 treatment increased airway reactivity to methacholine in spontaneously breathing mice that had been sensitized and challenged with RW (P < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	70-82	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	23-28
10953023-4	2000	CBS(-/+) mice demonstrated impaired acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxation and a paradoxical vasoconstriction of mesenteric microvessels in response to superfusion of methacholine and bradykinin.	Methacholine Chloride	168-180	cystathionine beta-synthase	Mus musculus	0-3
10856271-9	2000	However, PGHS-2 inhibition greatly enhanced relaxation to methacholine (1.59x10(-8) versus 7.77x10(-8) mol/L, P<0.01) in the aged group only, restoring vessel function to that of the young.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
10856271-10	2000	In the aged group, inhibition of the prostaglandin H(2)/thromboxane A(2) receptor enhanced methacholine-dependent relaxation similar to that of PGHS-2 inhibition.	Methacholine Chloride	91-103	thromboxane A2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	56-81
10807820-12	2000	Serum IgE was related to methacholine reactivity in EA children (p = 0.001), but not AA children (p = 0.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	6-9
10905485-6	2000	We found a positive relationship between the Mch-modulated increase in LGU and insulin sensitivity (GDR) (r = 0.60, P < 0.02), suggesting that the most insulin-sensitive subjects had the greatest enhancement of LGU in response to augmentation of muscle perfusion.	Methacholine Chloride	45-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
10905485-6	2000	We found a positive relationship between the Mch-modulated increase in LGU and insulin sensitivity (GDR) (r = 0.60, P < 0.02), suggesting that the most insulin-sensitive subjects had the greatest enhancement of LGU in response to augmentation of muscle perfusion.	Methacholine Chloride	45-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
10764325-7	2000	In contrast, very young mice exposed to both OVA and ROFA-s showed significantly increased AHR (e.g., Penh with 50 mg/ml methacholine for OVA + ROFA-s versus OVA alone = 2.6 +/- 0.4 [mean +/- SE], versus 1.2 +/- 0.1; p < 0.01, n >/= 15), and produced OVA-specific IgE and IgG upon allergen challenge a week later.	Methacholine Chloride	121-133	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	91-94
10696065-4	2000	Interleukin (IL)-6 did not alter basal airways resistance and decreased methacholine responsiveness, whereas IL-11 caused airways obstruction and increased airway responses to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	176-188	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	109-114
10686302-1	2000	We examined how (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632), an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK I) and Rho kinase (ROCK II), affects the relaxant responses to beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists in bovine tracheal smooth muscle preparations precontracted with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	324-336	Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1	Bos taurus	110-159
10657943-7	2000	Airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine was also reduced in challenged TCRdelta(-/-) animals relative to challenged wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	T cell receptor delta chain	Mus musculus	81-89
11070453-6	2000	RESULTS: In the GER group 11 subjects of the 30 studied showed a PC20 methacholine equal to or less than 8 mg/ml while in the control group only 2 subjects had a PC20 methacholine equal to or less than 8 mg/ml (p < 0.01; ANOVA test).	Methacholine Chloride	70-82	GER	Homo sapiens	16-19
10705223-13	2000	CONCLUSION: Subjects with sensitization and increased ECP levels are subsequently more airway-responsive to methacholine compared with sensitized subjects with normal ECP levels.	Methacholine Chloride	108-120	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
10629460-9	2000	Furthermore, IL-9 mRNA expression levels were also significantly correlated with FEV(1) (P <.05) and the airway responsiveness to methacholine producing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (P <.	Methacholine Chloride	133-145	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	13-17
11070453-7	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with GER had a greater increase in airway reactivity when inhaling methacholine compared to disease-free normal subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	GER	Homo sapiens	27-30
10493910-5	1999	This increase was of similar magnitude to that caused by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist methacholine (MCh), although the initial rate of release by LPA was slower.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	117-120
10601144-0	1999	Disruption of ET-1 gene enhances pulmonary responses to methacholine via functional mechanism in knockout mice.	Methacholine Chloride	56-68	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	14-18
10601144-6	1999	In the physiological study, enhanced responses in lung elastance and resistance to methacholine administration were observed in Edn1(+/-) mice, whereas there was no difference in serotonin responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	128-132
10601144-8	1999	These findings suggest that ET-1 gene disruption is involved in methacholine pulmonary hyperresponsiveness via functional mechanism, but not airway remodeling, in mice.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	28-32
10629424-5	1999	Furthermore, in women only, plasma 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) levels were inversely related to the relative increases in FBF during both Mch and SNP infusions (r = -0.58 and r = -0.59, p < 0.01 for both).	Methacholine Chloride	128-131	placental growth factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
10696075-14	2000	The action of MCh on tracheal mucus secretion in mice appears to involve both CFTR- and non-CFTR-dependent chloride channels.	Methacholine Chloride	14-17	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	78-82
10696075-14	2000	The action of MCh on tracheal mucus secretion in mice appears to involve both CFTR- and non-CFTR-dependent chloride channels.	Methacholine Chloride	14-17	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	92-96
10508801-3	1999	One day after the last OVA exposure the intravenous methacholine (MCh) dose required to reduce lung conductance by 50% (ED(50)GL) in OVA-sensitized and exposed mice was reduced by 0 to 2.7-fold, compared with sham-sensitized mice, depending on the strain.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	23-26
10508801-3	1999	One day after the last OVA exposure the intravenous methacholine (MCh) dose required to reduce lung conductance by 50% (ED(50)GL) in OVA-sensitized and exposed mice was reduced by 0 to 2.7-fold, compared with sham-sensitized mice, depending on the strain.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	133-136
10508801-3	1999	One day after the last OVA exposure the intravenous methacholine (MCh) dose required to reduce lung conductance by 50% (ED(50)GL) in OVA-sensitized and exposed mice was reduced by 0 to 2.7-fold, compared with sham-sensitized mice, depending on the strain.	Methacholine Chloride	66-69	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	23-26
10508801-3	1999	One day after the last OVA exposure the intravenous methacholine (MCh) dose required to reduce lung conductance by 50% (ED(50)GL) in OVA-sensitized and exposed mice was reduced by 0 to 2.7-fold, compared with sham-sensitized mice, depending on the strain.	Methacholine Chloride	66-69	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	133-136
11498955-1	1999	In rat single adrenal chromaffin cells, the effects of methacholine (MCh) on [Ca2+]i and catecholamine secretion were studied with fura-2 fluorescence and carbon fiber electrodes.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
11498955-1	1999	In rat single adrenal chromaffin cells, the effects of methacholine (MCh) on [Ca2+]i and catecholamine secretion were studied with fura-2 fluorescence and carbon fiber electrodes.	Methacholine Chloride	69-72	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
11498955-2	1999	In the presence of 2 mmol/L Ca2+ in the bath, locally applying 1 mmol/L MCh, either containing or not containing Ca2+, evoked both [Ca2+]i and secretion signals.	Methacholine Chloride	72-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
11498955-2	1999	In the presence of 2 mmol/L Ca2+ in the bath, locally applying 1 mmol/L MCh, either containing or not containing Ca2+, evoked both [Ca2+]i and secretion signals.	Methacholine Chloride	72-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
11498955-2	1999	In the presence of 2 mmol/L Ca2+ in the bath, locally applying 1 mmol/L MCh, either containing or not containing Ca2+, evoked both [Ca2+]i and secretion signals.	Methacholine Chloride	72-75	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
11498955-3	1999	In the absence of Ca2+ in the bath, MCh could still evoke [Ca2+]i and secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	36-39	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
10498045-1	1999	To evaluate bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in infants with asthma and the influence of aging on BHR during the infantile period, bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine (BRm) in infants was monitored using the transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) method.	Methacholine Chloride	166-178	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2	Homo sapiens	180-183
10508270-2	1999	While there were no significant differences in ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE titers and tissue eosinophilia, evaluation of lung function demonstrated that CD23-/- mice showed an increased AHR to methacholine (MCh) when compared to wild-type mice but were completely resistant to the OVA challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	194-206	Fc receptor, IgE, low affinity II, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	154-158
10508270-2	1999	While there were no significant differences in ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgE titers and tissue eosinophilia, evaluation of lung function demonstrated that CD23-/- mice showed an increased AHR to methacholine (MCh) when compared to wild-type mice but were completely resistant to the OVA challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	208-211	Fc receptor, IgE, low affinity II, alpha polypeptide	Mus musculus	154-158
10362818-3	1999	Acute (10-day) aerosol challenge of immunized C57BL/6J mice with ovalbumin resulted in airway eosinophilia, histological evidence of peribronchial and perivascular airway inflammation, clusters of B cells and TCRgammadelta cells in lung tissue, increased serum IgE levels, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	307-319	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	65-74
10542994-9	1999	Our results indicate that serum ECP and MPO, but not urinary LTE4 (even in subjects with a history of aspirin intolerance), predict bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	166-178	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
10418855-5	1999	Studies of the response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator methacholine chloride in lean and obese nondiabetic subjects and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicate that there may be marked endothelial dysfunction very early in insulin resistance.	Methacholine Chloride	65-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	247-254
10340953-5	1999	We show that systemic priming with ovalbumin (OVA) in alum, followed by a single day of OVA aerosol challenge, is sufficient to induce AHR, as measured by increased pulmonary resistance in response to intravenously delivered methacholine in BALB/c, but not C57BL/6 or B6D2F1, mice.	Methacholine Chloride	225-237	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	35-44
10351919-1	1999	Short-acting beta2-agonists provide greater protection against bronchoconstriction induced by adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP) than by direct-acting bronchoconstrictors such as histamine and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	191-203	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	13-18
10378545-4	1999	RESULTS: Inhalation of the beta2-agonist was associated with an increase in provocative concentration causing a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PC20) values (geometric mean) from 1.01+/-2.76 to 20.54+/-6.24 mg/mL for methacholine and from 2.29+/-2.26 to 19.82+/-5.93 mg/mL for histamine.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	27-32
10198406-5	1999	GRK3 -/- mice demonstrated a significant enhancement in the airway response to 100 and 250 microgram/kg doses of MCh compared with wild-type and GRK2 +/- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	113-116	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	Mus musculus	0-4
10231326-10	1999	The magnitude of the fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after methacholine inhalation was significantly increased in Crohn"s disease patients although it did not correlate with the extent of sputum eosinophilia or with the sputum ECP levels.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	235-238
10330441-5	1999	OVA/OVA endothelial (NOS3)-deficient mice were significantly more responsive to methacholine challenge compared with similarly treated NOS1 and NOS1&3-deficient mice.	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	21-25
10329815-2	1999	OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a potential in vivo interaction between long- and short-acting beta2-agonists in the presence of increased airway tone induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	205-217	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
10198406-5	1999	GRK3 -/- mice demonstrated a significant enhancement in the airway response to 100 and 250 microgram/kg doses of MCh compared with wild-type and GRK2 +/- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	113-116	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Mus musculus	145-149
10198406-6	1999	GRK3 -/- mice also displayed an enhanced sensitivity of the airway smooth muscle response to MCh.	Methacholine Chloride	93-96	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	Mus musculus	0-4
10198406-7	1999	In addition, GRK3 -/- mice displayed an altered HR recovery from MCh-induced bradycardia.	Methacholine Chloride	65-68	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3	Mus musculus	13-17
10051431-4	1999	Activation of JNK in CHO-m3 cells by the agonist methacholine (MCh) was delayed in onset and more sustained relative to that of ERK in either CHO-m2 or CHO-m3 cells.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	14-17
10051431-4	1999	Activation of JNK in CHO-m3 cells by the agonist methacholine (MCh) was delayed in onset and more sustained relative to that of ERK in either CHO-m2 or CHO-m3 cells.	Methacholine Chloride	63-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	14-17
10051431-5	1999	The EC50 values for MCh-induced ERK activation in both cell types were essentially identical and similar to that for JNK activation in CHO-m3 cells, suggesting little amplification of the response.	Methacholine Chloride	20-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-35
10027431-2	1999	Angiotensin II (Ang II) is increased in plasma in acute severe asthma, causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, and potentiates contractions induced by ET-1 in bovine bronchial smooth muscle in vitro, and contractions induced by methacholine both in vitro and in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	230-242	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
10232438-1	1999	Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine with asthma-like symptoms ("ski asthma") is frequent in elite cross-country skiers.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	74-77
10353094-9	1999	Serum ECP correlated with blood eosinophils and methacholine PD20.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	6-9
10027431-2	1999	Angiotensin II (Ang II) is increased in plasma in acute severe asthma, causes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, and potentiates contractions induced by ET-1 in bovine bronchial smooth muscle in vitro, and contractions induced by methacholine both in vitro and in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	230-242	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	0-3
9923057-8	1998	After MC challenge in patients with HDMAR, the concentration of IL-6, but not IL-8, and GM-CSF, was significantly greater on the challenged side than on the contralateral side.	Methacholine Chloride	6-8	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	64-68
9892406-0	1999	Respiratory syncytial virus infection prolongs methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	98-107
9847268-3	1998	In the presence of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 microM), tracheae obtained from unchallenged guinea pigs showed a 1.7-fold increase in the maximal response to intraluminally applied methacholine (p < 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	236-248	nitric oxide synthase, inducible	Cavia porcellus	23-34
9847268-4	1998	By contrast, the maximal airway response to methacholine was significantly decreased in the presence of the O-2 scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD; 100 U/ml), by approximately 45% (p < 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	144-147
9847268-5	1998	The SOD-induced decrease in responsiveness to methacholine was reversed by L-NAME.	Methacholine Chloride	46-58	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	4-7
9618382-3	1998	Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and counts of cell numbers and measurements of eosinophil content and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly attenuated in ICAM-1(-/-) mice as compared with (+/+) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	199-205
9761759-5	1998	After immunotherapy, inhalation challenge of the mice with ovalbumin revealed almost complete inhibition (98%, P < 0.01) of eosinophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage and airway hyperresponsiveness (100% at 320 microgram/kg methacholine, P < 0.05) compared with sham-treated animals.	Methacholine Chloride	236-248	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	59-68
10100500-6	1998	Intratracheal administration of IL-1beta or chronic administration of albuterol significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the protective effect of isoproterenol on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, eliciting beta-adrenoceptor desensitization in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	160-172	interleukin-1 beta	Cavia porcellus	32-40
9657969-3	1998	We show that, when the concentrations of GnRH and methacholine are matched to give approximately equivalent maximal elevations of Ins(1,4,5)P3, the GnRH receptor is able to sustain PLC activity at the initial rate, whereas the muscarinic M3 receptor cannot.	Methacholine Chloride	50-62	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Mus musculus	148-161
9692769-9	1998	In vehicle-treated ovalbumin-challenged animals airway responsiveness to intravenous injections of methacholine in vivo was significantly (9 fold increase, P<0.01) increased when compared to vehicle-treated saline-challenged animals.	Methacholine Chloride	99-111	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	19-28
9701413-2	1998	In this study, we examined the influence of TNFalpha on isotonic contraction of tracheal smooth muscle of the guinea-pig in vitro in response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	145-157	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	44-52
9595292-5	1998	CGRP also enhanced methacholine- and phenylephrine-mediated secretion of fluid.	Methacholine Chloride	19-31	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9826124-9	1998	After methacholine provocation, the level of t-PA increased transiently but decreased rapidly with subsequent challenges.	Methacholine Chloride	6-18	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	45-49
9763610-7	1998	Physiologic evaluation of IL-9-expressing mice demonstrated normal baseline airway resistance and markedly increased airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	155-167	interleukin 9	Mus musculus	26-30
9762778-9	1998	In subjects with mild-to-moderate asthma, airway responsiveness to bradykinin is more strongly associated with the magnitude of eosinophilic inflammation in the airways than methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	174-186	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	67-77
9768575-9	1998	Allergen-stimulated IL-5 production in coculture with both AMs and PMNs inversely correlated with both baseline FEV1 percent predicted and PD20 methacholine in atopic asthmatic subjects (P < .05, P < .01, or P < .001).	Methacholine Chloride	144-156	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	20-24
9620911-2	1998	In order to investigate the role of IL-4 in airway hyperreactivity, we investigated the effect of inhaled recombinant human IL-4 on airway responsiveness to methacholine and eosinophil numbers in induced sputum in eight patients with allergic asthma using a placebo-controlled study design.	Methacholine Chloride	157-169	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
9620911-4	1998	In contrast, after IL-4 inhalation, methacholine PC20 fell from baseline (0.43 +/- 1.81 mg/mI) to 0.22 +/- 1.73 mg/mI (p < 0.01) at 24 h, and to 0.21 +/- 1.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9924632-4	1998	The cGMP production induced by Ca2+ mobilization has also been suggested to be coupled to nitric oxide (NO) generation because the effects of methacholine, thapsigargin and A23187 on cGMP production were blocked by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and hemoglobin, a scavenger of nitric oxide (NO).	Methacholine Chloride	142-154	nitric oxide synthase, brain	Oryctolagus cuniculus	282-303
9541491-3	1998	A single exposure of the EC sensitized mice to aerosolized OVA induced eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine as assessed by measurement of pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn).	Methacholine Chloride	166-178	ovalbumin (SERPINB14)	Gallus gallus	59-62
9759984-5	1998	First, the vasodilation induced by methacholine (MCh), but not SNP, was significantly attenuated in the hypertensive patients compared to the normotensive controls (P < 0.001 at MCh 4 microg/min).	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	caspase 10	Homo sapiens	181-186
9759984-5	1998	First, the vasodilation induced by methacholine (MCh), but not SNP, was significantly attenuated in the hypertensive patients compared to the normotensive controls (P < 0.001 at MCh 4 microg/min).	Methacholine Chloride	49-52	caspase 10	Homo sapiens	181-186
9759984-6	1998	Second, although the two drugs induced a similar decline in blood pressure (BP) 1 h after administration (-11 to 10 mm Hg/-8 to 7 mm Hg), captopril significantly potentiated the vasodilator response to MCh (+32+/-13%, MCh 4 micr og/min, P < 0.01) but not SNP, while nifedipine did not significantly alter the response to either MCh or SNP.	Methacholine Chloride	202-205	caspase 10	Homo sapiens	218-223
9759984-8	1998	Third, in the pilot study, 3 months of captopril treatment induced a significant potentiation of the vasodilator response to MCh (+34+/-17%, MCh 4 microg/min, P < 0.05) in parallel with a significant BP reduction (-22+/-24/13+/-13 mm Hg, P < 0.05), while the response to SNP was unchanged.	Methacholine Chloride	125-128	caspase 10	Homo sapiens	141-146
9525446-11	1998	GM-CSF gene expression was related to the degree of methacholine airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects (r = -0.59).	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
9476873-0	1998	Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in mutant mice deficient in endothelin-1.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	71-83
9476873-5	1998	Unexpectedly, airway responsiveness to methacholine was markedly enhanced in ET-1(+/-) heterozygous mice as compared with ET-1(+/+) wild-type mice (EC200 RL: 1.8 +/- 0.1 versus 21.6 +/- 5.6 mg/ml, p < 0.002).	Methacholine Chloride	39-51	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	77-81
9476873-6	1998	Pretreatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) significantly enhanced methacholine responsiveness in ET-1(+/+) wild-type mice, but not in ET-1(+/-) heterozygous mice.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	147-151
9476873-9	1998	These findings suggest that the gene encoding ET-1 may be potentially involved in the etiology of airway hyperreactivity, and that the decrease in ET-1 concentration is associated with AHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	46-50
9476873-9	1998	These findings suggest that the gene encoding ET-1 may be potentially involved in the etiology of airway hyperreactivity, and that the decrease in ET-1 concentration is associated with AHR to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	147-151
9551730-6	1998	Serum IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma levels were significantly higher in asthmatic subjects as compared to healthy controls, both at 16:00 and 04:00 h. In asthmatic subjects serum IFN-gamma at both time points correlated significantly with the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20,meth) (rho= - 0.55) and with the mean 16:00-04:00 h PEF variation (rho = 0.53).	Methacholine Chloride	267-279	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	174-183
9401763-7	1997	Inhaled IL-8 at 100 ng ml-1, which failed to induce significant changes in Pao (pressure at the airway opening), enhanced an increase in Pao induced by subsequent inhalations of ascending doses (50-200 micrograms ml-1) of methacholine and histamine, suggesting the potentiating effect of IL-8 on bronchial responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	222-234	interleukin-8	Cavia porcellus	8-12
9483525-5	1998	We further examined the effects of nerve growth factor on the transient increase of [Ca2+]i induced by methacholine (0.1 mM), caffeine (20 mM) or high-potassium medium (40 mM K+).	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	35-54
9483525-6	1998	Nerve growth factor pre-treatment significantly increased the population of neonatal superior cervical ganglion neurons which responded to methacholine, whereas almost all young adult and aged neurons responded to methacholine regardless of pre-treatment of nerve growth factor.	Methacholine Chloride	139-151	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-19
9576148-4	1998	The cumulative dose of methacholine causing a 35% decrease in respiratory conductance (PD35Grs) was significantly lower in the high-serum-ECP group than in the normal-serum-ECP group (p < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	138-141
9576148-4	1998	The cumulative dose of methacholine causing a 35% decrease in respiratory conductance (PD35Grs) was significantly lower in the high-serum-ECP group than in the normal-serum-ECP group (p < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	173-176
9399955-3	1997	Local, intrapulmonary blockade of CD49d by intranasal administration of CD49d mAb inhibited all signs of lung inflammation, IL-4 and IL-5 release, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	174-186	integrin alpha 4	Mus musculus	34-39
9399955-3	1997	Local, intrapulmonary blockade of CD49d by intranasal administration of CD49d mAb inhibited all signs of lung inflammation, IL-4 and IL-5 release, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	174-186	integrin alpha 4	Mus musculus	72-77
9412548-2	1997	Because AMP produces bronchoconstriction through release of mediators from mast cells, and methacholine directly constricts airway smooth muscle, this suggests that beta(2)-agonists stabilize mast cells in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	91-103	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	165-171
9669258-8	1998	Baseline net t-PA release (0.7 +/- 0.3 ng/100 ml per min) increased significantly after administration of isoproterenol (26.2 +/- 11.6 ng/100 ml per min, p = 0.005) and methacholine (15.3 +/- 5.5 ng/100 ml per min, p = 0.001) but not after administration of SNP (1.8 +/- 2.2 ng/100 ml per min, p = 0.84).	Methacholine Chloride	169-181	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	13-17
9669258-10	1998	CONCLUSIONS: Marked, rapid local t-PA release occurred in response to isoproterenol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, and methacholine, an endothelium-dependent nitric oxide agonist, in the human forearm.	Methacholine Chloride	118-130	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	33-37
9445301-1	1998	In order to investigate the role of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilia, we observed the effect of inhaled recombinant human IL-5 on airway responsiveness to methacholine and cell populations in induced sputum in eight patients with allergic bronchial asthma using a placebo-controlled study design.	Methacholine Chloride	186-198	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	153-157
9445301-4	1998	In contrast, after IL-5 inhalation, methacholine PC20 fell from baseline (0.90 +/- 166 mg/ml) to 0.32 +/- 1.63 mg/ml (p < 0.01) at 24 h, and to 0.55 +/- 1.49 mg/ml (p < 0.05) at 48 h. Accompanying this increased airway sensitivity was a significant eosinophilia and elevated concentrations of ECP in induced sputum.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	19-23
9445301-4	1998	In contrast, after IL-5 inhalation, methacholine PC20 fell from baseline (0.90 +/- 166 mg/ml) to 0.32 +/- 1.63 mg/ml (p < 0.01) at 24 h, and to 0.55 +/- 1.49 mg/ml (p < 0.05) at 48 h. Accompanying this increased airway sensitivity was a significant eosinophilia and elevated concentrations of ECP in induced sputum.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	299-302
9488216-2	1997	We showed recently that local administrations both of methacholine (MCH) and of desmopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, DDAVP) induced a massive local release of t-PA in the human forearm vasculature.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	173-177
9488216-2	1997	We showed recently that local administrations both of methacholine (MCH) and of desmopressin (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, DDAVP) induced a massive local release of t-PA in the human forearm vasculature.	Methacholine Chloride	68-71	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	173-177
9488216-12	1997	During the first and second infusions of MCH, the average amounts of t-PA released were 1600 and 1000 ng/l forearm tissue, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	41-44	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	69-73
9488216-15	1997	The diminished t-PA response to the second MCH infusion can not be explained in terms of depletion of intracellular pools, in view of the large amount of t-PA released by a single infusion of DDAVP.	Methacholine Chloride	43-46	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	15-19
9401763-7	1997	Inhaled IL-8 at 100 ng ml-1, which failed to induce significant changes in Pao (pressure at the airway opening), enhanced an increase in Pao induced by subsequent inhalations of ascending doses (50-200 micrograms ml-1) of methacholine and histamine, suggesting the potentiating effect of IL-8 on bronchial responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	222-234	interleukin-8	Cavia porcellus	288-292
9316484-6	1997	Methacholine-induced increases in trapped gas in lungs of Ova-sensitized and -challenged WT mice were greater than those of KO mice.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	58-61
9488894-2	1997	Angiotensin II causes bronchoconstriction in mild asthmatics and potentiates methacholine-evoked bronchoconstriction both in vitro and in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
9308926-5	1997	In mice treated with a control antibody at the time of ovalbumin challenge a significant increase in the number of eosinophils (12.8 +/- 4.3 x 10(3) cells, P < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (49 +/- 15%, P < 0.05) was observed.	Methacholine Chloride	245-257	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	55-64
9308926-7	1997	In mice treated with mCTLA4-IgG at the time of ovalbumin challenge, the infiltration of eosinophils into BAL fluid and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine were completely inhibited.	Methacholine Chloride	168-180	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4	Mus musculus	21-27
9310023-2	1997	With short-acting beta 2-agonists, this is more readily demonstrable using indirectly acting agents such as adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which may act via mast cell degranulation, than using methacholine (MCh), implying more rapid mast cell than smooth muscle desensitization.	Methacholine Chloride	207-210	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
9487341-7	1997	Methacholine hyperresponsiveness measured at age 11 was more frequently observed in boys (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.5)) and was strongly associated with serum IgE levels measured at ages six and 11 (p < 0.001) and with positive skin test reactivity (OR 4.5 (95% CI 2.0 to 10.1)).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	157-160
9487344-0	1997	Effects of inhaled histamine, methacholine and capsaicin on sputum levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	77-98
9357865-4	1997	Airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh), assessed by the log of the effective dose of MCh for a doubling of pulmonary resistance from baseline (ED(200)R(L)), was significantly lower in the -/- nNOS mice than in the wild-type mice (logED(200)R(L), 2.24 +/- 0.07 vs. 2.51 +/- 0.06 microg/kg, respectively; P = 0.003).	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	197-201
9357865-4	1997	Airway responsiveness to methacholine (MCh), assessed by the log of the effective dose of MCh for a doubling of pulmonary resistance from baseline (ED(200)R(L)), was significantly lower in the -/- nNOS mice than in the wild-type mice (logED(200)R(L), 2.24 +/- 0.07 vs. 2.51 +/- 0.06 microg/kg, respectively; P = 0.003).	Methacholine Chloride	39-42	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	197-201
9276741-8	1997	Replacement of basal insulin levels during SRIF resulted in a fall of FFA levels from 545+/-47 to 228+/-61 micromol, and prevented the impairment of Mch-induced vasodilation seen with SRIF alone.	Methacholine Chloride	149-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
9678836-7	1997	RESULTS: The median value of the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall (PC20 Mch) in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was significantly higher in the AD- group compared to the AD+ group with median values of 10.70 and 0.60 mg/mL, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	100-103
9678837-7	1997	The aim of the study was to correlate the responsiveness to bronchoprovocation with methacholine in subjects a with allergic rhinitis during and out of the pollen season with total serum IgE and blood eosinophils.	Methacholine Chloride	84-96	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	187-190
9292449-3	1997	Both (+/+) and P-selectin-deficient (-/-) mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA/OVA) exhibited the same capacity to produce increased titers of total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was significantly greater in the (+/+) (OVA/OVA) animals than it was in the respective (-/-) (OVA/OVA) group or control groups (P = 0.0016).	Methacholine Chloride	223-235	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	15-25
9292449-3	1997	Both (+/+) and P-selectin-deficient (-/-) mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA/OVA) exhibited the same capacity to produce increased titers of total and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was significantly greater in the (+/+) (OVA/OVA) animals than it was in the respective (-/-) (OVA/OVA) group or control groups (P = 0.0016).	Methacholine Chloride	223-235	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	78-87
9277347-4	1997	M3 antagonism blocked activation of ICl(Ca) and Icat and a rise in [Ca2+]i, but application of caffeine with methacholine restored Icat and delta Ca(sus).	Methacholine Chloride	109-121	catenin beta interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
9271307-10	1997	There were significant associations between epithelial and subepithelial IL-16 immunoreactivity and airway responsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	interleukin 16	Homo sapiens	73-78
9279213-11	1997	Endothelin-1 is a potent bronchoconstrictor in asthma, with a bronchoconstrictor potency around 100 times that of methacholine in asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
9262428-7	1997	At 30 cmH2O Ptp, MCh resulted in less constriction (to 31 +/- 5%).	Methacholine Chloride	17-20	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	6-10
9262428-7	1997	At 30 cmH2O Ptp, MCh resulted in less constriction (to 31 +/- 5%).	Methacholine Chloride	17-20	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U	Homo sapiens	12-15
9262428-11	1997	Bradykinin produced substantial airway wall thickening and slight potentiation of the MCh-induced airway constriction at low lung volume.	Methacholine Chloride	86-89	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
9268190-1	1997	We have previously shown that both mental stress and administration of the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine induce an acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) across the human forearm.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	143-176
9268190-1	1997	We have previously shown that both mental stress and administration of the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine induce an acute release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) across the human forearm.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	178-182
9268190-12	1997	Local administration of methacholine induced a more than 10-fold increase in the net release rates of t-PA (0.6 to 9.6 and 0.3 to 6.6 ng x min(-1) x 100 ml(-1) at the highest dose step for antigen and activity respectively, p <0.01 for both).	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	102-106
9252515-6	1997	Superfusion with the muscarinic agonist methacholine alone and in the presence of either H3 agonist or H3 antagonist confirmed the existence of reciprocal inhibitory pathways linking somatostatin and histamine.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	183-195
9202075-5	1997	Mice sensitized to ovalbumin via the airways after RSV infection developed increased airway responsiveness to methacholine and pulmonary eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation, associated with the predominant production of Th-2-type cytokines.	Methacholine Chloride	110-122	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	19-28
9196083-6	1997	Methacholine PC20 improved slightly after rhuMAb-E25, this change becoming statistically significant on Day 76 (p < 0.05); no change was observed in the placebo group.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	integral membrane protein 2C	Homo sapiens	49-52
9174654-2	1997	Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in the periglandular nerves around sweat glands and is a strong stimulant of methacholine (MCH)-mediated cholinergic sweating.	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-31
9160837-10	1997	Among nonsteroid-using subjects, NEP expression was related to symptoms and the methacholine PC20 (Rs: -0.69 and 0.49, respectively; P < or = 0.04).	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	33-36
9142839-1	1997	The role of Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and the inhibitory effects of methacholine on large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (K(Ca)) channels (maxi-K+ channels) were studied in voltage-clamped (nystatin), fura 2-loaded airway smooth muscle cells.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	casein kappa	Homo sapiens	147-152
9174654-2	1997	Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in the periglandular nerves around sweat glands and is a strong stimulant of methacholine (MCH)-mediated cholinergic sweating.	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	33-37
9174654-2	1997	Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in the periglandular nerves around sweat glands and is a strong stimulant of methacholine (MCH)-mediated cholinergic sweating.	Methacholine Chloride	141-144	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-31
9174654-2	1997	Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in the periglandular nerves around sweat glands and is a strong stimulant of methacholine (MCH)-mediated cholinergic sweating.	Methacholine Chloride	141-144	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	33-37
9174654-4	1997	CGRP-induced potentiation of MCH-mediated cholinergic sweating was significantly reduced in MSA patients as compared with normal age-matched controls.	Methacholine Chloride	29-32	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
9098106-8	1997	A direct relationship was found between airway reactivity to methacholine, measured as PC(20)FEV(1), and HBEC SOD activity (r2 = 89; p < .005), but not between airway reactivity and the other antioxidants.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
9065735-8	1997	PKC activity was enhanced by these agents PDBu >> bradykinin = histamine > methacholine = angiotensin II.	Methacholine Chloride	84-96	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	99-113
9024289-8	1997	Gastrin cells in the same field of view lacked a response to methacholine but showed a clear response to 10 nmol/L bombesin.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	gastrin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9139768-1	1997	After complete abstinence, regular use of short-acting beta 2-agonists results in an increase in early and late asthmatic (allergen) response, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and nonspecific airways responsiveness (methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	221-233	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	55-61
9032180-3	1997	Eosinophil numbers, and ECP and histamine levels correlated with the degree of methacholine airways responsiveness, and ECP, tryptase, and histamine correlated with raised concentrations of albumin.	Methacholine Chloride	79-91	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
8897896-2	1996	In the present study we measured the release of VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) after tracheal infusion of capsaicin, histamine, and methacholine in isolated guinea pig lungs superfused through the trachea.	Methacholine Chloride	136-148	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	48-51
9044474-8	1997	CD23+ cells (B lymphocytes with low affinity Fc IgE receptor) in the asthmatic group out of the pollen season correlated negatively with hyperreactivity to methacholine (p < 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	Fc epsilon receptor II	Homo sapiens	0-4
8970344-5	1996	Furthermore, seasonal changes in symptom score, FEV1 % predicted, and PD20 methacholine correlated with seasonal elevated production of IL-5 by PBMC in the asthmatic group (r = 0.862, -0.679, and -0.620; p < 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	136-140
8867052-6	1996	Agents that mobilize intracellular Ca(2+)-stores such as methacholine, caffeine and bradykinin resulted in different cytosolic Ca2+ and exocytosis responses at the rat and bovine chromaffin cells.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
8884981-3	1996	Results showed that in the submaxillary gland, ANF increased sodium and decreased potassium excretion when salivation was stimulated by methacholine (MC) or substance P (SP).	Methacholine Chloride	136-148	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8884981-3	1996	Results showed that in the submaxillary gland, ANF increased sodium and decreased potassium excretion when salivation was stimulated by methacholine (MC) or substance P (SP).	Methacholine Chloride	150-152	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8884981-5	1996	On the other hand, in the parotid gland, ANF increased both sodium and potassium excretion when salivation was induced either by MC or SP but did not modify electrolyte output in MX induced salivary secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	129-131	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
8843798-3	1996	Compared with mice treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA-treated mice developed increased lung resistance, decreased dynamic compliance, and greater methacholine reactivity.	Methacholine Chloride	161-173	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	65-68
8938879-5	1996	Methacholine (10(-6) M) increased CBF a maximum of 10.34 +/- 0.42% (p < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	Y-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
8938879-9	1996	Our study showed that ciliostimulation by methacholine in human upper airway mucosa involves M1- and M3- muscarinic receptor subtypes, but not the M2-receptor subtype.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	93-124
8755560-8	1996	Thus, the expression of IL-4 selectively within the lung elicits an inflammatory response characterized by epithelial cell hypertrophy, and the accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils without resulting in an alteration in airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	282-294	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	24-28
8806889-8	1996	We found that increasing Ptp decreased Raw before and after MCh in both groups; however, the effects of changing Ptp on Raw were less in papain-treated animals.	Methacholine Chloride	60-63	tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-28
8667214-4	1996	The preferential inhibitory effect of platelet-activating factor on angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction was mimicked by the intrarenal infusion of either 0.2 to 5 micrograms/min/kg methacholine (endothelium-dependent vasodilator) or 2 micrograms/min/kg sodium nitroprusside (nitric oxide donor).	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	68-82
8667214-5	1996	After inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, intrarenal infusion of PAF or methacholine reduced angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction significantly less than that observed in the absence of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	125-139
8667214-6	1996	Therefore, this study provides evidence that the shared ability of platelet-activating factor and methacholine to selectively reduce angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction involves endothelium-derived nitric oxide.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	133-147
8711677-11	1996	The PC20 for methacholine was inversely related to the average number of total leucocytes, EG1+, and EG2+ cells, mast cells, CD8+, and CD45RO+ cells in the lamina propria.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	mediator complex subunit 28	Homo sapiens	91-94
8711677-11	1996	The PC20 for methacholine was inversely related to the average number of total leucocytes, EG1+, and EG2+ cells, mast cells, CD8+, and CD45RO+ cells in the lamina propria.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	125-128
8616553-0	1996	Concentrations of methacholine for bronchial responsiveness according to symptoms, smoking and immunoglobulin E in a population-based study in Spain.	Methacholine Chloride	18-30	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	95-111
8616553-2	1996	To assess the simultaneous effects of symptoms related to asthma, smoking, and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) on the concentrations of methacholine at which different individuals fall below 80% the FEV1 values obtained with saline, we used parametric survival methods that fit the dose-response nature of bronchial responsiveness (BR).	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	79-95
8616553-2	1996	To assess the simultaneous effects of symptoms related to asthma, smoking, and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) on the concentrations of methacholine at which different individuals fall below 80% the FEV1 values obtained with saline, we used parametric survival methods that fit the dose-response nature of bronchial responsiveness (BR).	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	97-100
8616553-8	1996	The higher the concentration of IgE, the lower were the concentrations of methacholine needed to obtain a given level of BR.	Methacholine Chloride	74-86	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	32-35
9139768-2	1997	Regular use of long-acting beta 2-agonists also results in increased nonspecific airways responsiveness (methacholine) with or without concomitant inhaled corticosteroids and attenuates the response to escalating doses of inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonists such as might be used in an acute exacerbation.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	27-33
8836652-8	1996	The provocative dose of PAF causing a 35% fall in sGaw (PD35,sGaw) PAF was only twofold lower in the asthmatics than in the normal subjects (p < 0.05), while it was 11 fold lower for methacholine (p < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	186-198	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	24-27
8765819-12	1996	However, mite-sensitive methacholine reactors were exposed to significantly higher concentrations of Der p 1 in beds than mite-sensitive methacholine nonreactors (13.2 micrograms/gm and 1.45 micrograms/gm, respectively; p < 0.02).	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	crystallin gamma F, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	105-108
8967508-3	1996	Methacholine (10(-6) M) and terbutaline (10(-6)M) increased CBF a maximum of 23.0 +/- 1.8% (P < 0.001) and 16.5 +/- 2.3% (P < 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	60-65
8655889-1	1996	BACKGROUND: Inhalation of a single dose of the long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist salmeterol protects against methacholine-induced airway obstruction and other bronchoconstricting stimuli for at least 12 hours.	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	59-78
8741344-7	1996	CGRP significantly increased the sweat rate when it was administrated with MCH on normal subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	75-78	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
18475696-4	1996	In asthmatic patients, significant correlations were found for both total IgE and sCD23, with lung function measured as bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	74-77
8721529-6	1996	The methacholine concentrations producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20-MCh) after 20% ethanol (0.769 mg/ml, GSEM 1.514) were significantly (P = 0.0357) higher than those after saline (0.493 mg/ml, GSEM 1.368).	Methacholine Chloride	4-16	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	67-70
8738515-9	1996	In asthmatic patients, a significant negative correlation was found between bronchial reactivity to MCh (log Pd15) and ECP/Alb levels in BAL fluid (r = -0.6, P = 0.005), whereas no correlation was found between log Pd15 MCh and BAL eosinophil or epithelial cell number (P > 0.1, each correlation).	Methacholine Chloride	100-103	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	119-122
8738515-9	1996	In asthmatic patients, a significant negative correlation was found between bronchial reactivity to MCh (log Pd15) and ECP/Alb levels in BAL fluid (r = -0.6, P = 0.005), whereas no correlation was found between log Pd15 MCh and BAL eosinophil or epithelial cell number (P > 0.1, each correlation).	Methacholine Chloride	100-103	albumin	Homo sapiens	123-126
8568137-1	1996	BACKGROUND: Two adverse effects of inhaled beta 2-agonists are increased airway responsiveness to allergen and tolerance to the bronchoprotective effect of beta 2-agonists versus bronchoconstrictors (e.g., methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	206-218	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
8804063-5	1996	Cholinergic (methacholine) as well as peptidergic stimulation by glucose-dependent insulin-releasing polypeptide (synonym: gastric inhibitory polypeptide) (GIP) strongly enhanced GLP-1 secretion from the rat ileum.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
8804063-6	1996	The stimulation of GLP-1 secretion by methacholine was abolished by addition of atropine and partly reduced by galanin.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
8666102-5	1995	The order of sensitivity of the techniques to assess methacholine-induced changes in lung function was ZIOS > sRaw > Ptc,O2 > FEV1 > Rint.	Methacholine Chloride	53-65	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	123-126
8692160-0	1995	Cough induced by angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: Airway responses to inhalation of methacholine in patients who have essential hypertension.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	17-46
7582281-0	1995	Interaction of inhaled beta 2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid on airway responsiveness to allergen and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	23-29
8620948-0	1995	Angiotensin II potentiates methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in human airway both in vitro and in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	27-39	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
8620948-9	1995	Pre-incubation with low concentrations of angiotensin II significantly enhanced contractions to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	42-56
8620948-11	1995	Compared to placebo, angiotensin II 2 ng.kg-1.min, but not 1 ng.kg-1.min, evoked a significant increase in bronchial reactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	131-143	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	21-35
8620948-12	1995	Angiotensin II in subthreshold concentrations enhances methacholine-evoked bronchoconstrictions both in human in vitro and in mild asthmatic patients in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	0-14
8692160-1	1995	We investigated whether patients with cough due to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors have a common pattern of airway responses to methacholine inhalation.	Methacholine Chloride	137-149	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	51-80
7750333-0	1995	The reversibility of airway obstruction to an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agent is less satisfactory after methacholine testing in asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	54-60
8575573-13	1995	The results of this study suggest that immunoglobulin E (IgE)- and non-IgE-mediated airway inflammation are important in exercise- and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in children with recurrent wheeze, although it is probable that different mechanisms are responsible.	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	39-62
7622752-7	1995	The maximal responsiveness of the trachea in vitro to methacholine was significantly increased by 34%, as compared with controls, only at 7 days after IL-5 administration.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	151-155
7478777-7	1995	In addition, airway hyperreactivity [defined as a positive methacholine challenge (PC20 < or = 8 mg/mL)], was found in 6 of 18 TEF-EA subjects and 4 of the 9 controls who were evaluated.	Methacholine Chloride	59-71	TEF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	130-133
7549418-0	1995	The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P on methacholine-induced sweating and vascular flare in diabetic neuropathy.	Methacholine Chloride	68-80	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	53-64
7549418-6	1995	Injection of VIP or SP reduced methacholine-induced sweating to a similar degree in all groups, except that the reduction was smaller in the non-neuropathic group than in the others (p = 0.028 versus normal subjects, p = 0.014 versus neuropathic diabetic patients).	Methacholine Chloride	31-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
7549418-6	1995	Injection of VIP or SP reduced methacholine-induced sweating to a similar degree in all groups, except that the reduction was smaller in the non-neuropathic group than in the others (p = 0.028 versus normal subjects, p = 0.014 versus neuropathic diabetic patients).	Methacholine Chloride	31-43	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	20-22
7750333-1	1995	AIMS: The aim of this work was to compare the response to an inhaled beta 2-adrenergic agent in two situations: (1) spontaneous airway obstruction in asthmatic subjects who had withheld treatment with the medication for more than 12 hs; and (2) after methacholine-induced airway obstruction once airway caliber had recovered to the premethacholine test value.	Methacholine Chloride	251-263	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-75
7750333-7	1995	CONCLUSION: After a methacholine test, the reversibility of an inhaled beta 2 agent is not significantly different from a placebo and is less satisfactory than in a situation of spontaneous airway obstruction.	Methacholine Chloride	20-32	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
7597663-1	1995	BACKGROUND: Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine is present in children with asthma and other types of paediatric chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while hyperreactivity to exercise is more specific for asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	COPD	Homo sapiens	158-162
7597663-7	1995	RESULTS: When the asthmatic patients were compared with the children with COPD, the intersection points for AMP, exercise and methacholine were 90%, 85%, and 50%, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	COPD	Homo sapiens	74-78
7597663-9	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Methacholine distinguishes both asthma and paediatric COPD from controls with a sensitivity of 82-92%, but does not distinguish between asthma and paediatric COPD; exercise and AMP distinguish asthma from controls with a sensitivity and specificity of 84-98% but they also distinguish asthma from paediatric COPD with a sensitivity and specificity of 85-90%.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	COPD	Homo sapiens	67-71
7535925-6	1995	Under both basal conditions and constant MCh infusion, rapid neurosecretory-like 12-min cyclic changes occurred in the proportions of amylase, lipase I, chymotrypsinogen, and trypsinogen.	Methacholine Chloride	41-44	lipase member I	Oryctolagus cuniculus	143-151
7606343-23	1995	In conclusion, urodilatin, like ANP reversed and protected against, subsequent methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction; an action enhanced by the presence of phosphoramidon (3.68 x 1O-5 M).Associated with these actions of urodilatin was a rise in cyclic GMP levels as well as the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ and small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.	Methacholine Chloride	79-91	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	32-35
7613551-6	1995	68.82% of those subjects that showed IgE levels above 7300 and a high reactivity to low methacholine dose; 2) 15.94% of subjects with a severe allergy to pollens; and 3) 32.09% of subjects with IgE levels lower than 900, low bronchial reactivity and no allergic component for either seasonal or continuous antigens.	Methacholine Chloride	88-100	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	37-40
8545557-0	1995	[Pulmonary metabolism of beta-endorphin in asthmatic patients in asymptomatic periods and after bronchospasm induced by methacholine].	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	25-39
7745223-7	1995	Maximum relaxations to methacholine were increased by 20-57% (P > 0.05) at 18 h following both ricin doses but returned to control values at later time points.	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	ricin	Ricinus communis	98-103
7556130-5	1995	When dorsal foot sweating was intermittent PBR sometimes occurred on the dorsal foot without corresponding sweat expulsions, but these PBR showed a complete correspondence with subthreshold sweat expulsion seen on a methacholine-treated area.	Methacholine Chloride	216-228	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	43-46
7556130-5	1995	When dorsal foot sweating was intermittent PBR sometimes occurred on the dorsal foot without corresponding sweat expulsions, but these PBR showed a complete correspondence with subthreshold sweat expulsion seen on a methacholine-treated area.	Methacholine Chloride	216-228	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	135-138
18475650-4	1995	Significant correlations were found for both sIL-2R and sCD4 and these two molecules, with lung function measured as bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5	Homo sapiens	56-60
8839225-0	1995	Protective effect of the nitrate ester ITF 296 against methacholine-induced myocardial ischemia in the anesthetized rat.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	trefoil factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
8839225-1	1995	The activity of ITF 296 against methacholine-induced myocardial ischemia was investigated in anesthetized rats in comparison with the organic nitrates nitroglycerin (NTG) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), the K(+)-channel openers nicorandil and cromakalim, the Ca(2+)-channel blocker amlodipine, and the vasodilator dipyridamole.	Methacholine Chloride	32-44	trefoil factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
8839225-3	1995	boluses, ITF 296 (0.1-100 micrograms/kg) dose-dependently prevented methacholine-induced ST-segment elevation without affecting mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate to a significant extent.	Methacholine Chloride	68-80	trefoil factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
7742830-10	1995	The decrease in PD15FEV1 methacholine observed at the end of LAR was similar in the two treatments.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type F	Homo sapiens	61-64
8027501-9	1994	CONCLUSIONS: Methacholine challenge warrants cautious interpretation in the individual patient as an aid to diagnosis and prognosis in the evaluation of respiratory symptoms, especially cough.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-104
8578020-1	1995	Severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine developed after intravenous therapy with OK-T3 and IL-2 in a patient with multiple myeloma, in whom no factors known to be associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness were present.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
7889288-2	1994	Contractions in human bronchial rings evoked by methacholine (10(-6) M) were reversed by single contractions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (10(-6) M), salbutamol (10(-6) M), sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) M) or isosorbide dinitrate (4.2 x 10(-5) M) and the extent of the relaxations compared.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	124-150
7889288-5	1994	ANP and salbutamol were equipotent in reversing methacholine-evoked contraction and, in combination these agonists evoked an additive response.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	0-3
7889288-9	1994	ANP (10(-6) M) and salbutamol (10(-6) M) each attenuated subsequent contractions evoked by methacholine, an ability not shared with sodium nitroprusside (10(-6) M) or isosorbide dinitrate (4.2 x 10(-5) M).	Methacholine Chloride	91-103	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	0-3
7889288-12	1994	In combination, ANP and salbutamol attenuated contractions evoked by methacholine to a significantly greater degree than that seen with either agonist alone, whilst a combination of ANP and sodium nitroprusside evoked no greater effect than that seen with ANP alone.	Methacholine Chloride	69-81	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	16-19
7889288-13	1994	By contrast, isosorbide dinitrate and ANP together evoked a greater inhibition than ANP alone.5 These results suggest that a combination of agents such as ANP and salbutamol evokes a greater effect than either alone, both in reversing and protecting against methacholine-evoked contractions.Such combinations may be of benefit in the treatment of patients, allowing lower doses of drug to be used.	Methacholine Chloride	258-270	natriuretic peptide A	Homo sapiens	38-41
7952596-5	1994	Major basic protein caused a significant increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	86-98	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-19
7944006-4	1994	Twelve patients were studied for changes in plasma endothelin-1 levels during methacholine inhalation tests.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	51-63
7962549-7	1994	We conclude that the expression of human IL-6 in the airways of transgenic mice results in a CD4+, MHC class II+, B220+ lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding large and mid-sized airways that does not alter basal respiratory resistance, but does diminish airway reactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	272-284	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	41-45
7921430-4	1994	Responses to BK were recorded from airways with spontaneous intrinsic tone and from airways precontracted with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	111-123	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	13-15
7878638-3	1994	To study the effects of endothelial cell receptor stimulation and fluid shear stress we used the perfused forearm model to characterize the in vivo tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) response in man to methacholine (Mch) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at doses calculated to cause similar degrees of vasodilation.	Methacholine Chloride	203-215	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	148-182
7878638-3	1994	To study the effects of endothelial cell receptor stimulation and fluid shear stress we used the perfused forearm model to characterize the in vivo tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) response in man to methacholine (Mch) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at doses calculated to cause similar degrees of vasodilation.	Methacholine Chloride	217-220	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	148-182
7878638-11	1994	infusion of Mch and SNP increased forearm blood flow from 1.9 to 14.9 and from 1.8 to 12.1 ml x min-1 x 100 ml-1, respectively (Mch vs SBP N.S.).	Methacholine Chloride	12-15	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	135-138
7530706-1	1994	We tested the hypothesis that the inhaled tachykinin substance P (SP) can induce hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	66-68
7530706-0	1994	Effects of inhaled substance P on airway responsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	59-71	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	19-30
7530706-1	1994	We tested the hypothesis that the inhaled tachykinin substance P (SP) can induce hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	53-64
7530706-11	1994	We conclude that 1) a bronchoconstrictive dose of SP, compared with placebo, enhances maximal airway narrowing to methacholine in asthma 24 h after inhalation and 2) tolerance develops to high doses of inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
7530706-11	1994	We conclude that 1) a bronchoconstrictive dose of SP, compared with placebo, enhances maximal airway narrowing to methacholine in asthma 24 h after inhalation and 2) tolerance develops to high doses of inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	210-222	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	50-52
8000412-5	1994	Two days after PAF inhalation a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve to MCh was observed.	Methacholine Chloride	86-89	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	15-18
8000412-6	1994	The MCh concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20FEV1) was 11.25 +/- 1.78 and 2.38 +/- 1.29 mg.ml-1 (geometric mean +/- GSEM; p < 0.05) before and after PAF inhalation, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	4-7	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	161-164
8066557-6	1994	RESULTS: Methacholine concentrations producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20-MCh) on the P-A day (0.48 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.08) and T-A day (0.41 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.77) were lower than those on the P-S day (0.85 mg/ml, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.54).	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	72-75
8066557-8	1994	A correlation was observed between the logarithmic values of PC20-MCh (log PC20-MCh) on the P-S day and the potentiating effect of acetaldehyde on the methacholine responsiveness [(log PC20-MCh on P-A day)-(log PC20-MCh on P-S day)] (rho = 0.82).	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	66-69
8066557-8	1994	A correlation was observed between the logarithmic values of PC20-MCh (log PC20-MCh) on the P-S day and the potentiating effect of acetaldehyde on the methacholine responsiveness [(log PC20-MCh on P-A day)-(log PC20-MCh on P-S day)] (rho = 0.82).	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	80-83
8066557-8	1994	A correlation was observed between the logarithmic values of PC20-MCh (log PC20-MCh) on the P-S day and the potentiating effect of acetaldehyde on the methacholine responsiveness [(log PC20-MCh on P-A day)-(log PC20-MCh on P-S day)] (rho = 0.82).	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	80-83
8066557-8	1994	A correlation was observed between the logarithmic values of PC20-MCh (log PC20-MCh) on the P-S day and the potentiating effect of acetaldehyde on the methacholine responsiveness [(log PC20-MCh on P-A day)-(log PC20-MCh on P-S day)] (rho = 0.82).	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	80-83
8059091-2	1994	The cultured gland cells secreted lysozyme in response to secretagogues, methacholine (20 microM), phenylephrine (100 microM) and substance P (10 microM).	Methacholine Chloride	73-85	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	34-42
7512455-10	1994	Phosphoramidon potentiated atrial natriuretic peptide-induced relaxation of methacholine-induced tone and the ability of atrial natriuretic peptide to protect against methacholine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	76-88	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	27-53
7512455-10	1994	Phosphoramidon potentiated atrial natriuretic peptide-induced relaxation of methacholine-induced tone and the ability of atrial natriuretic peptide to protect against methacholine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	167-179	natriuretic peptide A	Bos taurus	121-147
8080489-11	1993	At the highest dose of methacholine, the forearm blood flow increased 9.5 +/- 1.1 mL x 100 mL-1 x min-1 in diabetic subjects and 15.3 +/- 1.4 mL.100 mL-1 x min-1 in normal subjects (P < .01).	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	98-103
8080489-11	1993	At the highest dose of methacholine, the forearm blood flow increased 9.5 +/- 1.1 mL x 100 mL-1 x min-1 in diabetic subjects and 15.3 +/- 1.4 mL.100 mL-1 x min-1 in normal subjects (P < .01).	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	156-161
8217197-5	1993	The increase in NEP activity in methacholine-induced secretions was prevented by atropine (0.13 +/- 0.06 pmol/min/ml).	Methacholine Chloride	32-44	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	16-19
8217197-6	1993	After methacholine, histamine, and antigen nasal provocation, the kinetics of NEP appearance correlated more closely to the glandular marker, lactoferrin, than with the vascular markers albumin and IgG.	Methacholine Chloride	6-18	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	78-81
8173756-6	1994	A significant correlation between the levels of EPO or MBP and the intensity of the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were shown in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs, irrespective of their subsequent treatment, i.e., either with PAF or with LTB4 or with their vehicle (r = 0.579, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.330, p = 0.049, n = 36 for EPO and MBP, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	112-124	eosinophil peroxidase	Cavia porcellus	48-51
8173756-6	1994	A significant correlation between the levels of EPO or MBP and the intensity of the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were shown in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs, irrespective of their subsequent treatment, i.e., either with PAF or with LTB4 or with their vehicle (r = 0.579, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.330, p = 0.049, n = 36 for EPO and MBP, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	112-124	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	55-58
8173756-6	1994	A significant correlation between the levels of EPO or MBP and the intensity of the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were shown in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs, irrespective of their subsequent treatment, i.e., either with PAF or with LTB4 or with their vehicle (r = 0.579, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.330, p = 0.049, n = 36 for EPO and MBP, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	112-124	eosinophil peroxidase	Cavia porcellus	334-337
8173756-6	1994	A significant correlation between the levels of EPO or MBP and the intensity of the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were shown in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs, irrespective of their subsequent treatment, i.e., either with PAF or with LTB4 or with their vehicle (r = 0.579, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.330, p = 0.049, n = 36 for EPO and MBP, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	112-124	myelin basic protein	Cavia porcellus	342-345
8296255-0	1993	Changes in methacholine induced bronchoconstriction with the long acting beta 2 agonist salmeterol in mild to moderate asthmatic patients.	Methacholine Chloride	11-23	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	73-79
8296255-1	1993	BACKGROUND: Beta-2 agonists protect against non-specific bronchoconstricting agents such as methacholine, but it has been suggested that the protection afforded by long acting beta 2 agonists wanes rapidly with regular treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	92-104	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	12-18
8104272-1	1993	Regular inhaled beta 2 agonist causes tolerance to the acute protective effect of beta 2 agonist against bronchoconstriction induced by chemical stimuli such as AMP, histamine, and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	181-193	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	16-22
8104272-1	1993	Regular inhaled beta 2 agonist causes tolerance to the acute protective effect of beta 2 agonist against bronchoconstriction induced by chemical stimuli such as AMP, histamine, and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	181-193	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	82-88
7901034-0	1993	Chronic exposure to a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist increases the airway response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	22-41
8242245-9	1993	Methacholine (1.5 and 15 nmol min-1) increased forearm blood flow from 2.5 +/- 0.4 to 5.9 +/- 0.9 and from 3.2 +/- 0.4 to 17.0 +/- 1.9 ml min-1 100 ml-1 respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-35
8242245-9	1993	Methacholine (1.5 and 15 nmol min-1) increased forearm blood flow from 2.5 +/- 0.4 to 5.9 +/- 0.9 and from 3.2 +/- 0.4 to 17.0 +/- 1.9 ml min-1 100 ml-1 respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	138-143
7901034-2	1993	We wanted to determine whether a 28-day in vivo exposure to albuterol (beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist) altered the response of rabbit airways to the cholinergic agonist methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	166-178	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	71-90
7901034-8	1993	These data demonstrate that chronic in vivo exposure to a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist can alter the in vitro tissue bath response of airway smooth muscle to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	157-169	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	58-77
8351444-4	1993	Methacholine (MCh) or isoproterenol (ISP), added to the medium at the beginning of period II, reduced the ratio of SP-A concentration in period II to that in period I, compared to samples without treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	115-119
8351444-4	1993	Methacholine (MCh) or isoproterenol (ISP), added to the medium at the beginning of period II, reduced the ratio of SP-A concentration in period II to that in period I, compared to samples without treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	14-17	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	115-119
8351444-6	1993	The supernatant from explants stimulated by MCh was capable of reducing SP-A secretion from cultured epithelial cells.	Methacholine Chloride	44-47	surfactant protein A1	Homo sapiens	72-76
8385431-6	1993	MBP, PF4, or cathepsin G induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in airway responsiveness 1 h after instillation, as assessed by the dose of inhaled methacholine required to increase total lung resistance by 100%.	Methacholine Chloride	141-153	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
8334543-0	1993	Relation between bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and levels of IgE antibody against Dermatophagoides farinae and serum IgE in asthmatic children.	Methacholine Chloride	45-57	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	72-75
8334543-0	1993	Relation between bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and levels of IgE antibody against Dermatophagoides farinae and serum IgE in asthmatic children.	Methacholine Chloride	45-57	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	128-131
8385431-6	1993	MBP, PF4, or cathepsin G induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in airway responsiveness 1 h after instillation, as assessed by the dose of inhaled methacholine required to increase total lung resistance by 100%.	Methacholine Chloride	141-153	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	5-8
1525937-1	1992	The inhalation of aerosol of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced dyspneal behavior in conscious guinea pigs pretreated with histamine or methacholine inhalation, although it was not observed by the inhalation of ET-1 alone.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	29-41
8466137-9	1993	One hour after instillation of MBP there was a significant increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, whereas control animals exhibited no increase in airway responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	31-34
8466137-12	1993	As with MBP, airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine increased 1 h after the instillation of either polycation.	Methacholine Chloride	46-58	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	8-11
8095126-6	1993	After methacholine (MCh) and histamine (HIST) challenge, the level of SLPI increased to 7.0 +/- 1.4 and 6.1 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (both p < 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	6-18	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	70-74
8095126-6	1993	After methacholine (MCh) and histamine (HIST) challenge, the level of SLPI increased to 7.0 +/- 1.4 and 6.1 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively (both p < 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	20-23	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	70-74
8095126-9	1993	Western blot analysis of MCh-induced nasal secretions revealed a single band with a molecular weight of 12 kD, the same as recombinant SLPI.	Methacholine Chloride	25-28	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	135-139
8386107-0	1993	Increased LTB4 metabolites and PGD2 in BAL fluid after methacholine challenge in asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	31-35
8386107-9	1993	We conclude that inhaled methacholine stimulates LTB4 and PGD2 release in asthmatics, but not in healthy controls, without affecting the number of inflammatory cells in BAL fluid.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	58-62
8348252-0	1993	Responses of plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to methacholine and exercise loading in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	20-53
8348252-1	1993	Responses of plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to methacholine inhalation and to exercise loading were studied in asthmatic patients to clarify a significant role of the peptide.	Methacholine Chloride	63-75	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	20-53
8348252-1	1993	Responses of plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) to methacholine inhalation and to exercise loading were studied in asthmatic patients to clarify a significant role of the peptide.	Methacholine Chloride	63-75	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	55-58
8099699-6	1993	Single doses of long-acting beta 2-agonists give a prolonged protection against methacholine- and histamine-induced airway sensitivity of at least 12 hours.	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
1431902-4	1992	Thapsigargin treatment also decreased methacholine-induced secretion by about 30% in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and essentially eliminated secretion that occurred independently of extracellular Ca2+ (which was about 30% of the secretory response that occurred in the presence of extracellular Ca2+).	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
1306240-6	1992	MCh (10(-5) M)-evoked 22Na-efflux was significantly inhibited by 10(-7) M 4-DAMP and 10(-7) M ATR (p < 0.01, respectively), but the inhibitory effect of PZ (10(-7) M) was not statistically significant.	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	94-97
1527320-0	1992	Relationships of bronchial responsiveness assessed by methacholine to serum IgE, lung function, symptoms, and diagnoses in 11-year-old New Zealand children.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	76-79
1525937-1	1992	The inhalation of aerosol of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induced dyspneal behavior in conscious guinea pigs pretreated with histamine or methacholine inhalation, although it was not observed by the inhalation of ET-1 alone.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	endothelin-1	Cavia porcellus	43-47
1442451-3	1992	The results showed a reduction of bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine in the LIT group (PD 20FEV1 before: 223 +/- 193, after: 434 +/- 548) but not in the SIT group (PD 20FEV1: before: 143 +/- 188, after: 125 +/- 121) but the difference was not statistically significant.	Methacholine Chloride	63-75	TNF receptor superfamily member 10c	Homo sapiens	83-86
1442451-6	1992	We conclude that, with the protocol of the present study, LIT is able to improve, more than SIT, non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity evaluated with osmotic stimuli as exercise and UNDW but not with pharmacologic stimuli as methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	226-238	TNF receptor superfamily member 10c	Homo sapiens	58-61
1541669-6	1992	Following exposure to ovalbumin, the BALB/c strain developed a significant increase in their response to electrical field stimulation, while their response to methacholine was unaltered.	Methacholine Chloride	159-171	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	22-31
1371613-0	1992	Cooperative effects of bombesin, substance P and methacholine on the release of intestinal neurotensin in rats.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	91-102
1740587-4	1992	Muscarinic stimulation by methacholine induced significant glandular secretion (lactoferrin, lysozyme and/or RCGs) both in vivo and in vitro, confirming that muscarinic receptors are stimulated directly.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	93-101
1409002-4	1992	Methacholine was the most efficient (maximal response = 4.5 x basal level, ED50 = 1.3 mumol/kg.h) and CCK the most potent (ED50 = 1.9 nmol/kg.h) stimulant, whereas secretin was a potent (ED50 regulators of pepsin secretion in the rat.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	164-172
1371613-3	1992	Intraarterial methacholine (MC, 10(-4) M) evoked a prompt and well sustained release of NT in the portal effluent (plateau value at 500% of basal).	Methacholine Chloride	14-26	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	88-90
1371613-3	1992	Intraarterial methacholine (MC, 10(-4) M) evoked a prompt and well sustained release of NT in the portal effluent (plateau value at 500% of basal).	Methacholine Chloride	28-30	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	88-90
1371613-12	1992	MC potentiated the release of NT induced by B but not that evoked by SP.	Methacholine Chloride	0-2	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	30-32
1371613-13	1992	Combined infusion of SP, B and MC produced the largest output of NT.	Methacholine Chloride	31-33	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	65-67
1371613-14	1992	In conclusion, B, SP and MC are strong stimulants of NT release in rats.	Methacholine Chloride	25-27	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	53-55
1596686-10	1992	PAF-induced hyperresponsiveness of methacholine-induced smooth muscle contraction, mucus volume and lysozyme outputs was not affected by indomethacin, FPL55712, or mepyramine and cimetidine, but was prevented by catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and by WEB2086.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	catalase	Mustela putorius furo	212-220
1596686-11	1992	Similarly, PAF-induced inhibition of methacholine-stimulated albumin output was prevented by catalase and SOD, and by WEB2086.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	catalase	Mustela putorius furo	93-101
1918731-7	1991	Furthermore, the ratio of EG2+ to CD45+ cells correlated with the provocative concentration of methacholine that caused a 20% decrease of FEV1 in hyperresponsive subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	95-107	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	34-38
1806384-4	1991	The contractile response to AII (1 microM) in ileal longitudinal and circular smooth muscle preparations amounted to 96 and 16%, respectively, of the response to 100 microM methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1806384-6	1991	The AII effect in longitudinal duodenal preparations amounted to only 24% of the methacholine response and was totally abolished in the presence of 1 microM DuP 753.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1485002-6	1992	Bronchial reactivity to methacholine (MCH up to a dose of 2 mg) was determined 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after inhalation of PAF.	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	38-41
1778947-8	1991	Repeating methacholine (25 mg) challenges four times at 10-min intervals in six human volunteers revealed that the initial challenge produced the largest response as reflected in total protein, albumin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and secretory IgA secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	10-22	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	203-211
1777829-5	1991	Men who exhibited bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine had haptoglobin levels 0.35 g/l higher than those who did not (P = 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	69-80
1800116-6	1991	Threshold concentrations of histamine, U44619 and PGD2 caused a similar non-parallel leftward shift of the concentration-response curve of strips with or without epithelium to methacholine (P less than 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	176-188	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	50-54
1891008-9	1991	Airway hyperresponsiveness to a methacholine challenge also correlated very highly (P less than 0.0001) with the serum IgE level.	Methacholine Chloride	32-44	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	119-122
1825100-2	1991	In this study, the effect of a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, AA-2414, on BHR to methacholine was evaluated in 15 patients with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	thromboxane A2 receptor	Homo sapiens	31-61
1673830-0	1991	Prolonged protection against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction by the inhaled beta 2-agonist formoterol.	Methacholine Chloride	29-41	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	85-91
1787877-4	1991	Cholinergic receptor agonists such as methacholine (10 microM), carbachol (10 microM), and oxotremorine (10 microM) inhibited the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase in the bovine pineal explants in culture, from a control value of 5.02 +/- 0.45 to 1.25 +/- 0.25, 1.30 +/- 0.15, and 1.22 +/- 0.20 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	serotonin N-acetyltransferase	Bos taurus	142-171
1657632-7	1991	Only three out of seven subjects showed a bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine measured 24 h after PAF.	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
1934772-4	1991	CGRP did not elicit any sweat secretion when administrated by alone, but significantly increased the sweat rate when it was administrated with MCH.	Methacholine Chloride	143-146	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-4
1934772-5	1991	The maximum enhancement of MCH-induced sweating by CGRP was observed at a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml of CGRP.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	51-55
1934772-5	1991	The maximum enhancement of MCH-induced sweating by CGRP was observed at a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml of CGRP.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	106-110
2009789-0	1991	Effects of PAF antagonist, BN52021, on the PAF-, methacholine-, and allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	11-14
2010556-2	1991	The results of this study show for the first time that installation of major basic protein (MBP) directly into the trachea of primates results in a significant and dose-related increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	222-234	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	92-95
2005318-3	1991	There was a significant correlation between the baseline plasma PAF levels and the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
1671333-4	1991	Both basal and methacholine (M.chol)-induced MLGP secretion could be blocked by VIP (1 pM to 1 microM) and by isoproterenol (ISO) (0.1 nM to 10 nM) in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner.	Methacholine Chloride	15-27	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	80-83
1990956-6	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness to MCh; the concentrations of MCh causing a doubling of RL were 0.14 versus 1.39 mg/ml (geometric mean) for the IL-2 and vehicle group, respectively (p = 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	40-43	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1990956-6	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness to MCh; the concentrations of MCh causing a doubling of RL were 0.14 versus 1.39 mg/ml (geometric mean) for the IL-2 and vehicle group, respectively (p = 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	40-43	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
1990956-6	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness to MCh; the concentrations of MCh causing a doubling of RL were 0.14 versus 1.39 mg/ml (geometric mean) for the IL-2 and vehicle group, respectively (p = 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	67-70	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1990956-6	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness to MCh; the concentrations of MCh causing a doubling of RL were 0.14 versus 1.39 mg/ml (geometric mean) for the IL-2 and vehicle group, respectively (p = 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	67-70	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
1990957-10	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness only in Lewis rats; the concentration of MCh that caused a doubling of RL (EC200RL) was 0.6 mg/ml and 4.3 mg/ml (p = 0.003) in IL-2-treated and control rats, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	78-81	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1990957-10	1991	IL-2 increased airway responsiveness only in Lewis rats; the concentration of MCh that caused a doubling of RL (EC200RL) was 0.6 mg/ml and 4.3 mg/ml (p = 0.003) in IL-2-treated and control rats, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	78-81	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
2096809-5	1990	These results indicate that mouse Rrs is successfully measured by our newly developed apparatus and suggested that repeated sensitization of mice with allergen render their airway hyperreactive to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	197-209	resistance to Rous sarcoma	Mus musculus	34-37
2260673-9	1990	A Ca2(+)-activated potassium [K(Ca)] current was activated by application of methacholine (100 microM), or A23187 (1 microM), under conditions of low Ca2+ buffering capacity in the internal solution [0.3 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)].	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	carbonic anhydrase 2	Canis lupus familiaris	2-5
2010556-2	1991	The results of this study show for the first time that installation of major basic protein (MBP) directly into the trachea of primates results in a significant and dose-related increase in airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	222-234	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	71-90
2173458-2	1990	Methacholine and histamine were full agonists in contracting human bronchial smooth muscle, with pD2 values of 6.01 +/- 0.18 and 6.07 +/- 0.04, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	97-100
2173458-3	1990	With IP production, however, pD2 values of 4.90 +/- 0.06 for methacholine and 5.15 +/- 0.16 for histamine were obtained, indicating a considerable reserve of PI metabolism for contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	29-32
2173458-4	1990	With increasing concentrations of histamine and methacholine (to 1 and 0.1 mM, respectively), subsequently performed dose-relaxation curves with isoproterenol showed decreasing values of pD2 (from 8.25 +/- 0.20 to 7.28 +/- 0.28) and Emax (from 100% to 56.7 +/- 12.4%).	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	187-190
2173458-6	1990	A significant correlation was found between IP production induced by the various concentrations of methacholine and histamine and the reduction of isoproterenol pD2 and Emax values.	Methacholine Chloride	99-111	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	161-164
2209152-4	1990	We sought to elucidate the role of PAF in airway hyperreactivity by comparing the effect of inhaled PAF on methacholine and isoproterenol airway responsiveness in six nonasthmatic and six asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
2209152-6	1990	Asthmatics had increased airway responsiveness to methacholine at two hours post-PAF, which did not persist.	Methacholine Chloride	50-62	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
2180898-6	1990	The number of BAL eosinophils and the level of eosinophil major basic protein in BAL correlated significantly with methacholine PC100 values (r = 0.61, P less than 0.01 and r = 0.64, P less than 0.01, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein	Homo sapiens	47-77
2199206-8	1990	Peak inspiratory Pdi, without pressure applied in the iron lung, increased from 13.6 +/- 5.4 to 28.1 +/- 13.5 cmH2O after methacholine; extrathoracic pressure of -20 cmH2O decreased this latter value to 15.4 +/- 7.3 cmH2O (p less than 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	122-134	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
2182697-3	1990	Thus, this dose of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist displaced the concentration-response curves for methacholine, histamine, and AMP to the right in a parallel fashion by 8.8 (0.6 to 29.3)-, 10.3 (1.4 to 33)-, and 26.6 (1.5 to 76.6)-fold, respectively, the difference between the results for AMP and those for histamine and methacholine being statistically significant (p less than 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	95-107	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	19-38
2182697-3	1990	Thus, this dose of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist displaced the concentration-response curves for methacholine, histamine, and AMP to the right in a parallel fashion by 8.8 (0.6 to 29.3)-, 10.3 (1.4 to 33)-, and 26.6 (1.5 to 76.6)-fold, respectively, the difference between the results for AMP and those for histamine and methacholine being statistically significant (p less than 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	319-331	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	19-38
2178531-10	1990	Human nasal fragments secreted significantly increased amounts of RGC in response to 10 microM BK (15.0% +/- 1.8 compared with control values; mean +/- standard error of the mean; n = 7; p less than 0.01 by Student"s unpaired t test), 10 microM lys-BK (12.2% +/- 3.3; n = 5; p less than 0.05), and 100 microM methacholine (35.7% +/- 2.3; p less than 0.0001).	Methacholine Chloride	309-321	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	95-97
2142013-1	1990	We investigated acute bronchoconstriction and changes in airway responsiveness to methacholine following the inhalation of platelet activating factor (PAF) in an open study of 12 non-asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	82-94	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	151-154
2142013-5	1990	Ten subjects showed some increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine 1 or 3 days following PAF.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	97-100
2374086-4	1990	The cocaine-induced enhancement of the methacholine contraction and its blockade by propranolol was observed in the dibenamine-treated vas deferens.	Methacholine Chloride	39-51	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
1692097-1	1990	Effects of Bay K 8644, partial depolarization with high potassium, and nifedipine on the dose-response curves of the rat vas deferens to norepinephrine, methacholine and KCI were investigated in HEPES-buffered physiological salt solution (PSS) with or without 20 mM sodium bicarbonate.	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
34285336-7	2021	Asthmatic patients with higher S100A9 levels had lower PC20 methacholine values and a higher prevalence of severe asthma (SA) (P < .050).	Methacholine Chloride	60-72	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	31-37
2308476-7	1990	PTH was capable of inhibiting both spontaneous and drug (methacholine 10(-7) mol/l or KCl 40 mmol/l-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
33814321-1	2021	Optical measurement of CFTR-dependent sweat secretion stimulated by a beta-adrenergic cocktail (C-phase) vs. CFTR-independent sweat secretion induced by methacholine (M-phase) can discriminate cystic fibrosis (CF) patientts from controls and healthy carriers by the ratio of sweat rate in the C-phase vs. the M-phase (C/M ratio).	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
34293268-9	2021	DGK inhibitor I attenuated histamine- and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	diacylglycerol kinase beta	Homo sapiens	0-3
34445491-6	2021	Mice previously infected, sensitized and challenged with OVA were most responsive to methacholine with respect to airway resistance, while HDM challenge caused significant increases in both tissue damping and tissue elastance regardless of previous infection status.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	57-60
34074279-13	2021	IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, enhanced Ers rather than Rrs challenged with methacholine in ob/ob mice, whereas it enhanced Rrs alone in wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	0-5
34074279-13	2021	IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, enhanced Ers rather than Rrs challenged with methacholine in ob/ob mice, whereas it enhanced Rrs alone in wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	leptin	Mus musculus	11-17
34074279-13	2021	IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, enhanced Ers rather than Rrs challenged with methacholine in ob/ob mice, whereas it enhanced Rrs alone in wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	leptin	Mus musculus	101-103
34074279-13	2021	IL-33 with leptin, but not IL-33 alone, enhanced Ers rather than Rrs challenged with methacholine in ob/ob mice, whereas it enhanced Rrs alone in wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	leptin	Mus musculus	104-106
35546897-4	2022	Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ ATP channel, mu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta) opioid receptors).	Methacholine Chloride	85-89	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-133
35610699-13	2022	Female mice exhibited enhanced airway responsiveness to methacholine with HDM+leptin treatment, while leptin alone decreased total respiratory system resistance in male mice.	Methacholine Chloride	56-68	leptin	Mus musculus	78-84
35546897-10	2022	MC-H reduced the protein levels of ICAM-1 and CD55 in periarticular tissues.	Methacholine Chloride	0-4	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
35546897-10	2022	MC-H reduced the protein levels of ICAM-1 and CD55 in periarticular tissues.	Methacholine Chloride	0-4	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
35546897-12	2022	Conclusion: MC-H demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects peripherally by the activation of the HO-1 pathway, as well as through inhibition of the protein levels of adhesion molecules, and centrally by mu and delta opioid receptors.	Methacholine Chloride	12-16	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
35546897-4	2022	Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ ATP channel, mu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta) opioid receptors).	Methacholine Chloride	85-89	CD55 molecule (Cromer blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
35546897-4	2022	Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ ATP channel, mu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta) opioid receptors).	Methacholine Chloride	85-89	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
35546897-4	2022	Methods: Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ ATP channel, mu (mu), kappa (kappa), and delta (delta) opioid receptors).	Methacholine Chloride	85-89	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
2690701-8	1989	Blood eosinophil count and serum total [IgE] displayed weak but statistically significant direct relationships to methacholine dose-response slope (p less than 0.01), and these relationships were not significantly modified by smoking status.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	40-43
34927510-9	2022	Sputum MMP-9 correlated with methacholine PC20 (r = 0.45, p = 0.019) and serum cc16/SP-D ratio (r=-0.47, p = 0.013).	Methacholine Chloride	29-41	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	7-12
2690701-9	1989	In a multivariate model, the cigarette smoking/skin test positivity interaction, total serum [IgE], and blood eosinophil count displayed significant, independent relationships to methacholine dose-response slope, although only a small portion of the variance of dose-response slope was accounted for by these covariates.	Methacholine Chloride	179-191	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	94-97
2480970-8	1989	MC stimulation also increased secretion of IgG, Alb, nonsIgA, and sIgA but did not alter their proportions, compared to total protein.	Methacholine Chloride	0-2	albumin	Homo sapiens	48-51
2663854-7	1989	In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, pretreatment with methacholine, an agonist believed to mobilize Ca2+ through the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, inhibited but did not completely block the response to thapsigargin; likewise, pretreatment with thapsigargin inhibited the response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	56-68	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	102-105
2681268-5	1989	MC (25 mg), H (1 mg), and gustatory stimuli (spicy foods) all increased the concentrations of TP, Alb, Lf, and Ly.	Methacholine Chloride	0-2	albumin	Homo sapiens	98-101
2663854-10	1989	In intact cells, methacholine and thapsigargin together produced a greater initial release of Ca2+ than either alone, but they were not additive in the sustained phase of Ca2+ mobilization.	Methacholine Chloride	17-29	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	94-97
2548638-1	1989	Bradykinin, angiotensin II and a muscarinic agonist, acetyl-B-methacholine (methacholine) were all found to elicit catecholamine release from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	0-10
2745270-2	1989	Methacholine (10(-6) M) induced rapid increases in isometric force and in phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da myosin light chain.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	107-113
2745270-5	1989	Isoproterenol pretreatment inhibited methacholine-stimulated myosin light chain phosphorylation, shortening velocity, and force during the early stages of force generation.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	61-67
2745270-7	1989	Isoproterenol pretreatment also caused a rightward non-parallel shift in the methacholine dose-response curves for both isometric tension and myosin light chain phosphorylation.	Methacholine Chloride	77-89	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	142-148
2745281-5	1989	Addition of methacholine to the surrounding buffer increased flow of ASL and potential difference across the mucosa and lowered pH, calcium, sodium, and chloride concentrations.	Methacholine Chloride	12-24	argininosuccinate lyase	Mustela putorius furo	69-72
2566160-0	1989	[Effectiveness of a new beta 2-agonist (broxaterol) on bronchospasm induced by methacholine (blind study versus salbutamol)].	Methacholine Chloride	79-91	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	24-30
2724692-1	1989	In the HEPES-buffered physiological solution containing 20 mM bicarbonate ion, cocaine not only increased the sensitivity to norepinephrine but enhanced the maximal contractions to norepinephrine and methacholine in the rat vas deferens.	Methacholine Chloride	200-212	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
2645345-6	1989	There was an inverse linear correlation between the refractory index and increases in Meth sensitivity (PD35 Meth1/PD35 Meth2) (r = -0.66; p = 0.027).	Methacholine Chloride	86-90	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
2645345-6	1989	There was an inverse linear correlation between the refractory index and increases in Meth sensitivity (PD35 Meth1/PD35 Meth2) (r = -0.66; p = 0.027).	Methacholine Chloride	86-90	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 8	Homo sapiens	120-125
2784336-4	1989	Histamine (100 microM) and methacholine (25 microM) caused endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat isolated aorta, presumably via the release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF).	Methacholine Chloride	27-39	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	182-186
2784336-7	1989	EDRF release was detected in response to methacholine in a co-axial bioassay system, consisting of intact rabbit aorta tube (EDRF donor) and endothelium-denuded rat aorta strip (assay preparation).	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
3219475-2	1988	The effects of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were examined on the mucus volume output produced by methacholine and phenylephrine in the ferret whole trachea in vitro.	Methacholine Chloride	128-140	pro-neuropeptide Y	Mustela putorius furo	70-73
2663854-11	1989	These results demonstrate that the mechanisms for activation of Ca2+ entry by thapsigargin and methacholine are the same and are consistent with the idea that entry is initiated by the depletion of the intracellular inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ pool.	Methacholine Chloride	95-107	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
2562470-3	1989	VIP (0.5 nM) pre-junctionally, inhibited the release of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas post-junctionally, responses to methacholine (MCh) were enhanced.	Methacholine Chloride	117-129	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	0-3
2562470-3	1989	VIP (0.5 nM) pre-junctionally, inhibited the release of acetylcholine (ACh), whereas post-junctionally, responses to methacholine (MCh) were enhanced.	Methacholine Chloride	131-134	VIP peptides	Cavia porcellus	0-3
2851006-3	1988	VIP at a low concentration (10(-9) M), which did not produce any significant increases over controls, produced a 2.4- to 5-fold augmentation of the glycoconjugate release induced by 10(-9) to 10(-7) M methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
2851006-3	1988	VIP at a low concentration (10(-9) M), which did not produce any significant increases over controls, produced a 2.4- to 5-fold augmentation of the glycoconjugate release induced by 10(-9) to 10(-7) M methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	215-218	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
3075611-10	1988	PP plasma immunoreactivity was elevated by methacholine and carbachol.	Methacholine Chloride	43-55	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	0-2
3148890-5	1988	Infusion of VIP potentiated the mucociliary increase induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	12-15
3219475-10	1988	NPY enhanced the volume output of mucus produced by methacholine or phenylephrine; however, the rate of output of lysozyme in mucus produced by both agonists was reduced by NPY.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	pro-neuropeptide Y	Mustela putorius furo	0-3
3046674-1	1988	Intraarterial acetylcholine (Ach) and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (metacholine, Mch) excite feline high-threshold C-fiber mechanosensitive cutaneous sensory units (SU) in a different way.	Methacholine Chloride	38-63	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	78-81
3288683-4	1988	On the day placebo was received, airway responsiveness to methacholine increased after PAF exposure with the concentration needed to cause a 40% fall in baseline partial expiratory flow rate (PC40), decreasing from 69.2 mg/ml (geometric standard error of the mean, 2.69) to 23.3 mg/ml (2.34) on day 3 (p less than 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
3044031-10	1988	Methacholine-induced secretion of lysozyme, a marker of serous cell secretion, was inhibited by Zy 16039 both with regard to output and concentration of lysozyme.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	34-42
3044031-10	1988	Methacholine-induced secretion of lysozyme, a marker of serous cell secretion, was inhibited by Zy 16039 both with regard to output and concentration of lysozyme.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	153-161
2456227-9	1988	We conclude that SP is absorbed across the nasal mucosa and causes cutaneous vasodilation, that MCH and SP cause a greater rise in NAR in patients suffering from rhinitis than in control subjects, that SP is about 500-fold more potent than MCH in increasing NAR, and that the rise in NAR caused by SP is not mediated by postganglionic parasympathetic mechanisms.	Methacholine Chloride	96-99	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	17-19
2455456-2	1988	In addition, the concentration of serotonin and substance P was measured in nasal secretions following nasal challenge with allergen and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	137-149	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	48-59
3361925-10	1988	Methacholine, which is more resistant to cholinesterase, was more potent than Ach in blood-perfused tail arteries.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	41-55
3277638-0	1988	Possible involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the epithelium-modulated response to methacholine in guinea pig trachea.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	24-40
2892424-9	1988	Methacholine caused a typically muscarinic decrease in somatostatin secretion that was of the same magnitude in antral (27 +/- 6%) and fundic (25 +/- 6%) segments.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	55-67
2836354-5	1988	The addition of forskolin to muscles maximally contracted with 10(-4) M methacholine leads to about a 30-fold increase in cAMP levels.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Canis lupus familiaris	122-126
3044851-3	1988	Pupil constriction in response to 2.5 per cent methacholine--indicative of parasympathetic denervation hypersensitivity--was significantly increased in PDR (p less than 0.001), whilst pupil dilation in response to 0.5 per cent phenylephrine--indicative of sympathetic denervation hypersensitivity--was also significantly higher in PDR (p less than 0.001).	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	PDR	Homo sapiens	152-155
2827508-9	1987	The VIP-induced cAMP level was markedly augmented by MCh and further enhanced by Iso with or without theophylline.	Methacholine Chloride	53-56	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
3028057-3	1986	The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of norepinephrine, isoproterenol, methacholine, and cholecystokinin on the simultaneous release of kallikrein and tonin from the rat submandibular gland.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	kallikrein 1-related peptidase C2	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
3030311-3	1987	In the functional studies, a subthreshold dose of PAF (0.1 microM) significantly reduced the potency of isoproterenol to reverse methacholine or histamine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
3534050-6	1986	We conclude that in these subjects with mild asthma, methacholine-induced bronchospasm produced GER episodes of greater frequency and severity.	Methacholine Chloride	53-65	GER	Homo sapiens	96-99
2874043-2	1986	Methacholine stimulation of gastric acid output to a maximum of 810 +/- 423 mu eq of [H+] per 15 min was inhibited by 10 nM somatostatin to the same extent either in the presence and/or the absence of indomethacin.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	124-136
3525198-2	1986	LTC4 was approximately 100 times more potent than both methacholine and histamine (mean pD2 values were 8.01, 6.18 and 5.87 respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	88-91
3314611-5	1987	The 8 PAF responders were 5 to 836 times more sensitive to PAF than to methacholine when SGaw was used to assess the airway response.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	6-9
3314611-11	1987	Finally, PAF sensitized the airways of all normal subjects to methacholine, including the one PAF nonresponder (p less than 0.02), but it did not sensitize the airways of the asthmatic subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	9-12
2443476-2	1987	SP (10(-12) to 10(-4) M) produced dose-dependent increases in the contractile response, and the maximal tension induced by SP was approximately 70% of the response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	167-179	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
3594072-1	1987	The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was examined on the smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion produced by methacholine and phenylephrine in the ferret whole trachea in vitro.	Methacholine Chloride	128-140	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	14-43
3594072-1	1987	The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was examined on the smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion produced by methacholine and phenylephrine in the ferret whole trachea in vitro.	Methacholine Chloride	128-140	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	45-48
3594072-2	1987	VIP (0.5 to 800 nM) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of the ferret trachea contracted by methacholine (1 microM) and phenylephrine (10 microM).	Methacholine Chloride	102-114	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	0-3
3594072-3	1987	The concentration-response curves for methacholine- and phenylephrine-induced contractions were both shifted to the right by VIP (0.1 microM).	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	125-128
3594072-4	1987	Methacholine-induced secretion was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by VIP, whereas that due to phenylephrine was enhanced.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	84-87
3594072-5	1987	The concentration-response curve for methacholine-induced secretion was shifted to the right by VIP, whereas the curve for phenylephrine was shifted to the left.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	96-99
3594072-6	1987	Methacholine produced a concentration-dependent increase in the rate of output of lysozyme from the ferret trachea with no corresponding increase in the concentration of lysozyme in the mucus.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	82-90
3594072-8	1987	VIP (0.1 microM) significantly increased the concentration of lysozyme in the mucus produced by methacholine with no increase in the rate of lysozyme output.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	0-3
3594072-8	1987	VIP (0.1 microM) significantly increased the concentration of lysozyme in the mucus produced by methacholine with no increase in the rate of lysozyme output.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	62-70
3594072-10	1987	We suggest that VIP inhibits secretion from mucous cells stimulated by methacholine, and enhances the secretion produced by phenylephrine from serous cells.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	VIP peptides	Mustela putorius furo	16-19
3511806-0	1986	Prostaglandin D2 potentiates airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	68-80	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	0-16
3511806-6	1986	Prostaglandin D2 caused a similar increase in bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine, suggesting a postreceptor potentiation of airway smooth muscle contractility.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	0-16
4067133-7	1985	A highly significant inverse relationship (r = -0.50, p less than or equal to 0.0001) was detected between the circulating IgE concentrations and the methacholine-induced cutaneous flare responsiveness in this cross-cultural, cross-environmental comparison of three populations.	Methacholine Chloride	150-162	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	123-126
3880693-4	1985	Following methacholine challenge, RVr/TLCr increased in two control subjects and ten patients who also had decreases in FEV1 of greater than 20 percent.	Methacholine Chloride	10-22	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
3895438-2	1985	At a dose of 0.03 to 0.12 nanomole, VIP produced a dose-dependent, prolonged (3 to 15 minutes) depolarization of the ganglion and enhanced the ganglionic depolarization elicited by the muscarinic agonist acetyl-beta-methylcholine.	Methacholine Chloride	204-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	36-39
3891019-4	1985	The intra-arterial administration of VIP (1-50 micrograms/kg) enhanced the postganglionic discharge elicited by the muscarinic agonist, acetyl-beta-methylcholine, but did not alter the postganglionic firing elicited by the nicotinic agonist, tetramethylammonium or by electrical stimulation of preganglionic axons in the pelvic nerve.	Methacholine Chloride	136-161	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	37-40
3891019-7	1985	VIP suppressed the muscarinic inhibition of ganglionic transmission produced by acetyl-beta-methylcholine without altering the response to other inhibitory agents (norepinephrine, leucine-enkephalin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).	Methacholine Chloride	80-105	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
2986490-4	1985	The asthmatic reaction to MDI challenge was associated with an increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine in both subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	100-112	MAFD2	Homo sapiens	26-29
2993165-4	1985	When the cell types were grown together in mixed culture, however, treatment with adenosine triphosphate or methacholine induced an elevation in intracellular cyclic GMP levels.	Methacholine Chloride	108-120	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	166-169
6152040-2	1984	The membrane depolarization evoked by the muscarinic agonist, acetyl-beta-methylcholine in these neurons was similarly enhanced by VIP.	Methacholine Chloride	62-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	131-134
6148016-5	1984	Methacholine, a muscarinic receptor agonist, only weakly stimulated gastrin release from vagotomized stomachs when compared with shamoperated controls, indicating that a cholinergic drive was already in place.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
6322302-3	1984	The addition of forskolin to resting or methacholine-contracted muscles resulted in an increase in myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase is one of the reactions in the process by which cyclic adenosine monophosphate causes relaxation of smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	99-105
6466330-4	1984	Melanosome aggregation in response to MCH was reversed by an equimolar concentration of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).	Methacholine Chloride	38-41	alpha-msh	Anolis carolinensis	88-124
6466330-4	1984	Melanosome aggregation in response to MCH was reversed by an equimolar concentration of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).	Methacholine Chloride	38-41	alpha-msh	Anolis carolinensis	126-135
6322302-3	1984	The addition of forskolin to resting or methacholine-contracted muscles resulted in an increase in myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation of myosin light chain kinase is one of the reactions in the process by which cyclic adenosine monophosphate causes relaxation of smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	myosin light chain kinase	Homo sapiens	99-124
6349593-2	1983	The muscarinic-cholinergic agonist methacholine stimulated esterase release in C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox and SW/BR females and DDS/Cox males in a dose-dependent manner, but did not stimulate esterase release in ICR/BR and ND/4BR strains of both sexes.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1	Mus musculus	94-97
6840242-2	1983	It is possible to measure AChE activity in human plasma in spite of high butyrylcholinesterase activity if acetyl-beta-methylcholine is used as the substrate and butyrylcholinesterase is inhibited by iso-OMPA.	Methacholine Chloride	107-132	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	26-30
6881681-5	1983	Four of the 6 subjects experienced recurrent nocturnal asthmatic reactions after a single challenge with MDI that lasted as long as 7 days, and this was associated with a significant increase in bronchial reactivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	219-231	MAFD2	Homo sapiens	105-108
6881681-8	1983	The reactors to MDI showed more evidence of air-flow obstruction in their lung function measurements and had a greater bronchial sensitivity to methacholine than the nonreactors but there was no difference in age, smoking habits, or atopic status.	Methacholine Chloride	144-156	MAFD2	Homo sapiens	16-19
6870071-1	1983	The provocative concentrations of inhaled methacholine that cause 6% (PC6) and 20% (PC20) falls in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were assessed in a population of 100 nonsmoking persons, equally distributed for sex, who ranged uniformly from 20 to 60 yr of age.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Homo sapiens	70-73
6349593-2	1983	The muscarinic-cholinergic agonist methacholine stimulated esterase release in C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox and SW/BR females and DDS/Cox males in a dose-dependent manner, but did not stimulate esterase release in ICR/BR and ND/4BR strains of both sexes.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1	Mus musculus	124-127
6124477-4	1982	The same dose of atropine inhibited the maximal gastrin response to the muscarinic agonist, methacholine, by 80%.	Methacholine Chloride	92-104	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
6128924-4	1982	The maximal gastrin response to 4-ms cycles was equal to the maximal response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	12-19
7016691-2	1981	The ChE localizing in brain and erythrocytes is known as ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MeCh) but not benzoylcholine (BzCh).	Methacholine Chloride	84-109	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
7305106-3	1981	In explants of 9 mucosal specimens of normal airways, VIP (10 ng to 1 micrograms/ml) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of both glycoconjugates and lysozyme.	Methacholine Chloride	136-148	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	54-57
7305106-3	1981	In explants of 9 mucosal specimens of normal airways, VIP (10 ng to 1 micrograms/ml) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of both glycoconjugates and lysozyme.	Methacholine Chloride	136-148	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	196-204
7305106-4	1981	At a concentration (1 micrograms/ml) that caused maximal inhibition of glycoconjugate and lysozyme release, VIP also caused a small inhibition of baseline but not methacholine-induced discharge of labeled macromolecules from mucous and serous cells of the submucosal glands.	Methacholine Chloride	163-175	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	108-111
7305106-6	1981	By contrast, VIP did inhibit baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of lysozyme, but this was less marked than in explants of normal airways.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	13-16
7305106-6	1981	By contrast, VIP did inhibit baseline and methacholine-stimulated release of lysozyme, but this was less marked than in explants of normal airways.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	77-85
6116435-6	1981	A 50- to 100-fold excess of sheep somatostatin antiserum augmented significantly the maximal gastrin response to bombesin by 966% in the initial peak period and by 532% in the plateau period; the response in the plateau period was not significantly different from the maximal response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	288-300	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	34-46
6269568-0	1981	[Enhanced plasma cyclic GMP responses to methacholine in patients with Adie"s syndrome (author"s transl)].	Methacholine Chloride	41-53	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	24-27
7336361-4	1981	Vesicle cholinesterase activity was enriched and had a substrate preference consistent with that of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine greater than acetyl-beta-methylcholine greater than butyryl-choline).	Methacholine Chloride	149-174	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	100-120
7016691-2	1981	The ChE localizing in brain and erythrocytes is known as ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MeCh) but not benzoylcholine (BzCh).	Methacholine Chloride	84-109	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-60
7016691-2	1981	The ChE localizing in brain and erythrocytes is known as ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MeCh) but not benzoylcholine (BzCh).	Methacholine Chloride	111-115	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	4-7
7016691-2	1981	The ChE localizing in brain and erythrocytes is known as ChE and hydrolyzes ACh and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MeCh) but not benzoylcholine (BzCh).	Methacholine Chloride	111-115	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	57-60
7016691-6	1981	The pS curve for ChE in rabbit brain and erythrocytes with ACh and MeCh as substrates markedly decreased by addition of 3 mM of BzCh.	Methacholine Chloride	67-71	cholinesterase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	17-20
6776105-3	1980	The myosin phosphate content increased from an initial value of 0.50 to 1.1 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin within 3 min after the addition of 100 microM methacholine to resting tracheal smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	4-10
6776105-3	1980	The myosin phosphate content increased from an initial value of 0.50 to 1.1 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin within 3 min after the addition of 100 microM methacholine to resting tracheal smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	100-106
6776105-5	1980	Tracheal smooth muscles relaxed and the phosphate content decreased from 1.2 to 0.50 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin upon the addition of 10 microM atropine to muscles which had been previously contracted with 100 microM methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	220-232	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	109-115
6776105-6	1980	Incubating methacholine-contracted muscles in a calcium-free Krebs buffer relaxed tracheal smooth muscles and reduced the phosphate content to 0.2 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin.	Methacholine Chloride	11-23	myosin heavy chain 14	Homo sapiens	171-177
6252044-3	1980	injection of methacholine, a cholinergic agent, caused significant increases in plasma cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in man.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	94-97
6104441-3	1980	Methacholine (5 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-4) M) produced a biphasic dose-dependent increase in gastrin secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	89-96
6104441-5	1980	Methacholine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of somatostatin secretion; the inhibition was blocked by atropine.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	53-65
6104441-6	1980	An inverse relationship between the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin was noted in the basal state and during infusion of methacholine or prostaglandin E2; the latter had effects on gastrin and somatostatin secretion opposite to those of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
6104441-6	1980	An inverse relationship between the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin was noted in the basal state and during infusion of methacholine or prostaglandin E2; the latter had effects on gastrin and somatostatin secretion opposite to those of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	61-73
6104441-6	1980	An inverse relationship between the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin was noted in the basal state and during infusion of methacholine or prostaglandin E2; the latter had effects on gastrin and somatostatin secretion opposite to those of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	198-210
6104441-6	1980	An inverse relationship between the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin was noted in the basal state and during infusion of methacholine or prostaglandin E2; the latter had effects on gastrin and somatostatin secretion opposite to those of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	242-254	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
6104441-6	1980	An inverse relationship between the secretion of gastrin and somatostatin was noted in the basal state and during infusion of methacholine or prostaglandin E2; the latter had effects on gastrin and somatostatin secretion opposite to those of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	242-254	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	61-73
88229-0	1979	Methacholine-induced attenuation of methylisobutylxanthine- and isoproterenol-elevated cyclic AMP levels in isolated rat atria.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	transmembrane serine protease 5	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
41293-0	1979	Modification by histamine H2-receptor blockade of acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin and methacholine in the isolated whole mouse stomach.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	histamine receptor H2	Mus musculus	16-37
7371726-9	1980	The results suggest that Rb+ but not Cs+ can fully substitute for K+ in the rat vas deferens response to norepinephrine and methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
193760-5	1977	Methacholine produced a dose-related increase in gastrin secretion which at maximum equaled the combined effect of theophylline and db cAMP.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Cavia porcellus	49-56
422937-8	1979	Female rats gave a consistent finding of decrease in plasma cholinesterase, shown to be related to activity against butyrylcholine but not acetyl-beta-methylcholine.	Methacholine Chloride	139-164	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	60-74
698483-9	1978	The preparations relax in response to isoprenaline and aminophylline in the presence of a methacholine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	90-102	neurogenin 3	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
247534-3	1978	Physostigmine caused similar potentiation of responses to acetylcholine and MCh which implies that acetylcholinesterase is located close to the site(s) at which the drugs act to stimulate chemoreceptor activity.	Methacholine Chloride	76-79	acetylcholinesterase	Felis catus	99-119
1237420-5	1975	It showed that there was a significant relationship between the maximal percent increases from their respective control values of plasma DBH activity and those of PRA following mecholyl.	Methacholine Chloride	177-185	dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	137-140
11370244-2	1976	In addition, it has been shown that acetylcholine, acetyl-beta-methylcholine and choline increase the acetylcholinesterase content of the cultures.	Methacholine Chloride	51-76	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Gallus gallus	102-122
11370230-3	1976	Tetrodotoxin, acetylcholine and its analog acetyl-beta-methylcholine increased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced spontaneous contractions.	Methacholine Chloride	43-68	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Gallus gallus	79-99
4587535-9	1973	A background infusion of methacholine reestablished in the Pavlov pouch the reduced responsiveness to gastrin following vagotomy.8.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	102-109
4556090-0	1972	Influence of acetyl- -methylcholine, carbamoylcholine, and bis-pyridinium compounds on the activity of acetylcholinesterase.	Methacholine Chloride	13-35	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	103-123
4343961-2	1972	Acetylcholine, and cholinomimetic agents with a predominantly muscarinic action, such as methacholine, bethanechol, and pilocarpine, induced an increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP, accompanied by no change or a slight decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP, in all three tissues studied.	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	184-187
5499742-5	1970	Methacholine infusion when the antrum was intact evoked a maximal acid secretory response that exceeded twice the response obtained with gastrin.4.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	137-144
4918328-3	1970	In concentrations identical with those considered necessary for adequate anticonvulsant therapy in man, DPH markedly decreases the insulin secretory response of pancreatic pieces to methacholine, 1 mug/ml, tolbutamide, 250 mug/ml, and glucose, 200 mg/100 ml, without any demonstrable alteration in the oxidative conversion of glucose-1-(14)C or glucose-6-(14)C to (14)CO(2) by isolated islets.	Methacholine Chloride	182-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
5499742-7	1970	After antrectomy, threshold or submaximal infusion of gastrin accentuated the acid secretory responses to methacholine, but did not restore the maximal secretory response to methacholine obtained before antrectomy.6.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	54-61
4878435-0	1968	Effects of methacholine on insulin secretion in man.	Methacholine Chloride	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
5499022-8	1970	Methacholine, on infusion, in the Heidenhain pouch, gave a maximal acid secretory response, greater than twice that obtained by gastrin, and produced strong stimulation of pepsin.7.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
5499022-9	1970	Methacholine, infused in a threshold dose, accentuated the acid secretory response to graded doses of gastrin.8.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	102-109
5755928-0	1968	Effect of atropine and HSp 2986 on parotid secretion under stimulation by acetyl- beta-methylcholine.	Methacholine Chloride	74-100	heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	23-26
33653809-0	2021	Methacholine reactivity in LAM is inversely related to FEV1 and VEGF-D.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	vascular endothelial growth factor D	Homo sapiens	64-70
33741721-4	2021	Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways (cAMP and Erk) upon MCH stimulation.	Methacholine Chloride	167-170	Abelson helper integration site 1	Mus musculus	6-10
33741721-4	2021	Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways (cAMP and Erk) upon MCH stimulation.	Methacholine Chloride	167-170	melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	122-127
33741721-4	2021	Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways (cAMP and Erk) upon MCH stimulation.	Methacholine Chloride	167-170	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	157-160
33501891-8	2021	Insulin, not IGF-1, significantly increased methacholine-induced contraction of rat and human isolated airway smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
33501891-9	2021	In cultured rat tracheal smooth muscle cells, insulin significantly increased M2, not M3, mRNA expression and enhanced methacholine- and serotonin-induced increase in intracellular calcium.	Methacholine Chloride	119-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
33290178-5	2021	Further, disruption of Lrp1 in smooth muscle increases airway responsiveness as measured by increased total lung resistance and airway resistance after methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	152-164	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	23-27
33341053-6	2021	Our results revealed that the OVA-induced mouse asthma model was successfully established with the significantly elevated AHR to methacholine (Mch), and acupuncture was effective in attenuation of AHR to Mch, peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and mucus production.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	30-33
33341053-6	2021	Our results revealed that the OVA-induced mouse asthma model was successfully established with the significantly elevated AHR to methacholine (Mch), and acupuncture was effective in attenuation of AHR to Mch, peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and mucus production.	Methacholine Chloride	143-146	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	30-33
33344908-1	2020	We report the relaxation of methacholine-constricted airways with nebulized MIDD0301, a positive allosteric gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) modulator.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	149-155
33166807-3	2021	We first established OVA-induced asthma mouse model, and following superovulation, mated the females and challenged them with Methacholine (Mch) test.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	21-24
33166807-3	2021	We first established OVA-induced asthma mouse model, and following superovulation, mated the females and challenged them with Methacholine (Mch) test.	Methacholine Chloride	140-143	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	21-24
32435188-3	2020	Using human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and murine precision-cut lung slices, we discovered that pitavastatin significantly inhibited basal-, histamine-, and methacholine (MCh)-induced ASM contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	163-175	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	190-193
32902333-9	2020	In vivo, the reduced lung inflammation after HDM sensitization in gelsolin null mice was associated with significantly diminished airway resistance to inhaled methacholine compared with HDM-treated wild type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	159-171	gelsolin	Mus musculus	66-74
33285450-7	2020	Hippocampal IL-1beta expression and microglial area were marginally increased 24 h after MCH exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	89-92	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	12-20
33031402-9	2020	Patients with AERD carrying the TT genotype of ORMDL3 had significantly lower levels of FVC (%) and PC20 methacholine than those carrying the CT or CC genotype (P = 0.026 and P = 0.030).	Methacholine Chloride	105-117	ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
32423746-5	2020	Furthermore, we explored the correlation between postoperative level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and the changes of pulmonary function indices or dose of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	165-177	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	72-101
32423746-5	2020	Furthermore, we explored the correlation between postoperative level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and the changes of pulmonary function indices or dose of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	165-177	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	103-106
32423746-8	2020	Furthermore, the postoperative level of ECP, IgE, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-IL-5 was dramatically decreased, and there was an obvious inverse correlation between ECP level and pulmonary function index or dose of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	216-228	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	166-169
32418317-7	2020	RESULTS: Anti-CD127 mAb-treated mice showed significantly lower airway resistance in response to methacholine and improvement in lung histology compared to isotype mAb-treated animals.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	interleukin 7 receptor	Mus musculus	14-19
32435188-3	2020	Using human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and murine precision-cut lung slices, we discovered that pitavastatin significantly inhibited basal-, histamine-, and methacholine (MCh)-induced ASM contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	177-180	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	190-193
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	54-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	122-125	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32791506-12	2020	Moreover, the treatment of methacholine induced the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in the lung.	Methacholine Chloride	27-39	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	66-103
31747299-9	2020	Pretreatment with the TMEM16A antagonist benzbromarone significantly attenuated methacholine-induced increases in airway resistance.	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	22-29
32010316-14	2020	The airway responsiveness of Nrf2-/- mice or HO-1-/- mice to Mch was significantly higher compared with normal mice treated with Eda.	Methacholine Chloride	61-64	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	29-33
32791506-13	2020	This result indicates that the production of TGF-beta is involved in induction of airway remodeling caused by bronchoconstriction with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	45-53
31622689-10	2020	In mouse allergic lung inflammation, MCTRs were present with temporally regulated production With ovalbumin-induced inflammation, MCTR1 was most potent for promoting resolution of eosinophils and MCTR3 potently decreased airway hyperreactivity to methacholine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid albumin, and serum IgE levels.	Methacholine Chloride	247-259	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	98-107
31768998-7	2019	RESULTS: In Study 1, A2/A3 and B3/B4 were significantly increased after methacholine inhalation and decreased after beta2 agonist inhalation (p < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a2	Homo sapiens	21-23
31768998-7	2019	RESULTS: In Study 1, A2/A3 and B3/B4 were significantly increased after methacholine inhalation and decreased after beta2 agonist inhalation (p < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1	Homo sapiens	31-36
30683702-4	2019	Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	273-285	RAB35, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	0-5
31737318-2	2019	We sought to determine the usefulness and safety of methacholine bronchial provocation test (MCh-BPT) for BHR assessment in preschool children.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	93-96
31550242-3	2019	IL-1RA further demonstrated a significant negative association with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	101-113	interleukin 1 receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
30791235-6	2019	Also conserved is the three-exon pmch gene that encodes MCH, which participates in feeding behaviours.	Methacholine Chloride	56-59	pro-melanin-concentrating hormone	Danio rerio	33-37
30359078-5	2019	We also assessed isoproterenol responses in maximally methacholine-contracted ASM.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	78-81
30537285-2	2019	We show here that IL-37 administered intranasally inhibited house dust mite (HDM)-induced chronic airway eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, peribronchial collagen deposition and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	231-243	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	18-23
30537285-5	2019	Importantly, compared with IL-37 alone, TSLP coadministration with IL-37 restored HDM-induced airway inflammation and structural alterations, increased AHR to methacholine and promoted Th2-associated cytokine production.	Methacholine Chloride	159-171	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Homo sapiens	40-44
30683702-4	2019	Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	273-285	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	28-34
30683702-4	2019	Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	273-285	RAB35, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	43-48
30683702-4	2019	Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	273-285	fascin actin-bundling protein 1	Homo sapiens	145-151
30683702-5	2019	PKCalpha inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	146-158	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	0-8
30683702-5	2019	PKCalpha inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	146-158	RAB35, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	22-27
30683702-5	2019	PKCalpha inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	146-158	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	129-135
30785869-9	2019	AT also inhibited HDM-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine 6,25mg/ml (p&lt;0.01), 12,5mg/mL (p&lt;0.01), 25mg/mL (p&lt;0.01) and 50mg/mL (p&lt;0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	66-78	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	58-61
30543455-5	2019	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We observed that Tucson Children"s Respiratory Study participants in the lowest tertile of serum CC16 had significant deficits in their lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge from 11 years throughout young adult life.	Methacholine Chloride	224-236	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
30543455-6	2019	Similarly, CC16-/- mice had significant deficits in lung function and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as compared with wild-type mice, which were independent of inflammation and mucin production.	Methacholine Chloride	109-121	secretoglobin, family 1A, member 1 (uteroglobin)	Mus musculus	11-15
30562636-8	2019	The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 +- 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 +- 0.4 mM, 16.3 +- 0.3 mM, and 16.1 +- 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution).	Methacholine Chloride	26-29	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	30-34
30562636-8	2019	The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 +- 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 +- 0.4 mM, 16.3 +- 0.3 mM, and 16.1 +- 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution).	Methacholine Chloride	26-29	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	138-142
30562636-8	2019	The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 +- 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 +- 0.4 mM, 16.3 +- 0.3 mM, and 16.1 +- 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution).	Methacholine Chloride	26-29	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	138-142
30562636-8	2019	The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 +- 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 +- 0.4 mM, 16.3 +- 0.3 mM, and 16.1 +- 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution).	Methacholine Chloride	26-29	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	138-142
30562636-8	2019	The Km for the silica-R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H was 16.5 +- 0.9 mM (compared with 16.5 +- 0.4 mM, 16.3 +- 0.3 mM, and 16.1 +- 0.4 mM for R52-mCh-mSOx-R5-6H, mSOx-R5-6H and mSOx-6H respectively in solution).	Methacholine Chloride	134-137	quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1	Mus musculus	30-34
30537285-5	2019	Importantly, compared with IL-37 alone, TSLP coadministration with IL-37 restored HDM-induced airway inflammation and structural alterations, increased AHR to methacholine and promoted Th2-associated cytokine production.	Methacholine Chloride	159-171	interleukin 37	Homo sapiens	67-72
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	gap junction protein, alpha 5	Mus musculus	13-17
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	22-27
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	gap junction protein, alpha 5	Mus musculus	36-40
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	43-48
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	gap junction protein, alpha 5	Mus musculus	36-40
30745457-5	2019	Furthermore, Cx40-/-, Panx1-/-, and Cx40-/-Panx1-/- mice demonstrated impaired endothelial-mediated vasodilation of aortic segments to increasing concentrations of methacholine (MCh) compared with WT, highlighting roles for both Cx40 and Panx1 in vascular endothelial cell (EC) function.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	pannexin 1	Mus musculus	43-48
30407863-8	2019	The gelsolin peptide also attenuated methacholine-induced airway constriction in murine precision-cut lung slices.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	gelsolin	Mus musculus	4-12
30618761-10	2018	Finally, KB-R7943 abolished the airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of allergic airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	81-90
29428392-8	2018	Mer-deficient mice showed delayed resolution of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation, together with increased airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels, altered cytokine production, and an excess of uncleared dying eosinophils after dexamethasone treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	157-169	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-3
29398555-9	2018	RESULTS: The prevalence of methacholine hyperresponsiveness was 70.7% (n = 195), and the children who were younger and had higher total serum IgE were more sensitive to methacholine (p = 0.019 and p &lt; 0.005, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	169-181	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	142-145
30278208-13	2018	The level of IFN-gamma was increased by benzofuran treatment in methacholine administered rats.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	13-22
30278208-15	2018	The expression of T-bet is decreased and that of GATA-3 is increased by methacholine administration in the rat lungs.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	GATA binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
30278208-16	2018	Benzofuran treatment of methacholine administered rats prevented reduction in T-bet and up-regulation of GATA-3 expression in the rat lungs.	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	GATA binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
30500834-5	2018	Direct effect of IL-13 on human lung tissue was observed on inflammation, induction of mucin5AC, and airway constriction induced by methacholine and visualized by videomicroscopy.	Methacholine Chloride	132-144	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	17-22
30450856-9	2018	In TDI-exposed subjects (TDI-OA and AEC), the PC20 methacholine levels were significantly lower in subjects with a higher periostin level than in those with a lower periostin level.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	periostin	Homo sapiens	122-131
30450856-9	2018	In TDI-exposed subjects (TDI-OA and AEC), the PC20 methacholine levels were significantly lower in subjects with a higher periostin level than in those with a lower periostin level.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	periostin	Homo sapiens	165-174
30233389-8	2018	Treatment with anti-IL17 and the ROCK inhibitor together resulted in potentiation in decreasing the percentage of resistance increase after challenge with methacholine, decreased the number of IL-5 positive cells in the airway, and reduced, IL-5, TGF-beta, FOXP3, ROCK1 and ROCK2 positive cells in the alveolar septa compared to the OVA-RHOi and OVA-anti-IL17 groups (p &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	155-167	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	20-24
30305828-10	2018	At 24 h post-LPS exposure, when lung function was recovering in the wild type animals, MCh-induced resistance was increased, and compliance decreased, in Rgs2 -/- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	87-90	regulator of G-protein signaling 2	Mus musculus	154-158
29155102-6	2018	RESULTS: The specific SMC deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Rac1 in mice prevented the bronchoconstrictor response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	126-138	Rac family small GTPase 1	Mus musculus	68-72
29644894-5	2018	Epithelial miR-221-3p correlated with eosinophil in induced sputum and bronchial biopsies, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophil, epithelial gene signature of type 2 status, and methacholine provocative dosage required to cause a 20% decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second in subjects with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	191-203	microRNA 221	Mus musculus	11-18
29715518-0	2018	Methacholine induces extracellular matrix production by human airway smooth muscle cells through beta-catenin signaling.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-109
29715518-7	2018	Conversely, overexpression of active beta-catenin by adenoviruses carrying the S33Y-beta-catenin mutant increased the methacholine-induced collagen I expression.	Methacholine Chloride	118-130	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-49
29715518-7	2018	Conversely, overexpression of active beta-catenin by adenoviruses carrying the S33Y-beta-catenin mutant increased the methacholine-induced collagen I expression.	Methacholine Chloride	118-130	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	84-96
29715518-8	2018	Furthermore, methacholine induced TGF-beta expression in HASMCs, while pan-TGF-beta-neutralizing antibody only partially decreased collagen I expression.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-42
29715518-9	2018	These findings suggest that methacholine induced ECM production through beta-catenin signaling and partially through TGF-beta.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	72-84
29715518-9	2018	These findings suggest that methacholine induced ECM production through beta-catenin signaling and partially through TGF-beta.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	117-125
29765214-0	2018	Tiotropium inhibits methacholine-induced extracellular matrix production via beta-catenin signaling in human airway smooth muscle cells.	Methacholine Chloride	20-32	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-89
29446321-9	2018	Early IL-1beta production caused goblet cell hyperplasia, enhanced calcium-activated chloride channel 3 (CLCA3) protein expression, and increased airway reactivity in response to methacholine on PN42.	Methacholine Chloride	179-191	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	6-14
29658714-9	2018	Finally, mice treated sub-acutely with pine particles exhibited an increase in sensitivity to inhaled methacholine involving TRPV3.	Methacholine Chloride	102-114	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 3	Mus musculus	125-130
29954114-8	2018	Relaxation responses to methacholine (MCh) were attenuated in IPAs from male and female Cx43+/- mice or by pre-incubation of IPAs with 37,43Gap27.	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	88-92
29954114-8	2018	Relaxation responses to methacholine (MCh) were attenuated in IPAs from male and female Cx43+/- mice or by pre-incubation of IPAs with 37,43Gap27.	Methacholine Chloride	38-41	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	88-92
28606589-2	2018	OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that regulation of IL-15 is critical for preservation of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway resistance, and compliance in response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	193-205	interleukin 15	Mus musculus	55-60
28984468-6	2018	In isolated HASM cells, TGF-beta1 increased basal and methacholine-induced cytoskeletal stiffness in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Methacholine Chloride	54-66	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-33
29499930-6	2018	Consequently, treatment with chimeric or NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides protected against methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas the effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides was significantly greater than that of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	41-50
29499930-6	2018	Consequently, treatment with chimeric or NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides protected against methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas the effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides was significantly greater than that of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides.	Methacholine Chloride	97-109	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	244-253
29676068-7	2018	Treatment with capsazepine or TRPV1 siRNA reduced AHR to methacholine and airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	30-35
29536159-7	2018	Furthermore, in females, lung resistance following methacholine challenge correlated with lung S1P levels (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.57) suggesting a link between reduced AHR in KO females, Zpbp2 deletion, and S1P level regulation.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	95-98
29536159-7	2018	Furthermore, in females, lung resistance following methacholine challenge correlated with lung S1P levels (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.57) suggesting a link between reduced AHR in KO females, Zpbp2 deletion, and S1P level regulation.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	zona pellucida binding protein 2	Mus musculus	198-203
29536159-7	2018	Furthermore, in females, lung resistance following methacholine challenge correlated with lung S1P levels (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.57) suggesting a link between reduced AHR in KO females, Zpbp2 deletion, and S1P level regulation.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	218-221
28787175-10	2017	Unexpectedly, OVA-challenged alpha-SMA-HAS2+ mice displayed significantly reduced airway responsiveness to methacholine compared with similarly treated alpha-SMA-HAS2- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	29-38
29279204-4	2018	Sweating was stimulated pharmacologically to produce sequentially both CFTR-independent (methacholine stimulated) M-sweat and C-sweat; and the ratio of these was compared.	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	71-75
29394894-10	2018	CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in response to infection and methacholine, SP-A variants differentially affect lung function and exhibit sex-specific differences consistent with previously reported findings of functional differences of SP-A variants.	Methacholine Chloride	59-71	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	73-77
29327348-9	2018	RESULTS: Kcna1-/- mice experienced an increase in basal respiratory drive, chronic oxygen desaturation, frequent apnea-hypopnea (A-H), an atypical breathing sequence of A-H-tachypnea-A-H, increased tidal volume, and hyperventilation induced by MCh.	Methacholine Chloride	244-247	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	9-14
29327348-12	2018	Seizures were provoked by lower concentrations of MCh as Kcna1-/- mice approached SD.	Methacholine Chloride	50-53	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	57-62
29327348-13	2018	MCh-induced seizures experienced by a subset of younger Kcna1-/- mice triggered death.	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1	Mus musculus	56-61
29083535-0	2018	Dexamethasone attenuates methacholine-mediated aquaporin 5 downregulation in human nasal epithelial cells via suppression of NF-kappaB activation.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	aquaporin 5	Homo sapiens	47-58
29083535-0	2018	Dexamethasone attenuates methacholine-mediated aquaporin 5 downregulation in human nasal epithelial cells via suppression of NF-kappaB activation.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	125-134
29083535-3	2018	In this study we sought to determine the effects of methacholine and dexamethasone on AQP5 expression in human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC).	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	aquaporin 5	Homo sapiens	86-90
29083535-8	2018	Methacholine inhibited expression of AQP5 and p-CREB in HNEpC, whereas dexamethasone increased these protein levels dose-dependently in a statistically significant manner.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	aquaporin 5	Homo sapiens	37-41
29083535-8	2018	Methacholine inhibited expression of AQP5 and p-CREB in HNEpC, whereas dexamethasone increased these protein levels dose-dependently in a statistically significant manner.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
29083535-11	2018	Western blotting revealed that, after incubation with 10-4 mol/L methacholine, NF-kappaB increased significantly, by 186.67%, compared with the untreated control group.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	79-88
29083535-13	2018	CONCLUSION: NF-kappaB activation is important for inhibition of p-CREB/AQP5 expression after methacholine intervention, and dexamethasone adjusts it to the opposite side.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	12-21
29083535-13	2018	CONCLUSION: NF-kappaB activation is important for inhibition of p-CREB/AQP5 expression after methacholine intervention, and dexamethasone adjusts it to the opposite side.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
29083535-13	2018	CONCLUSION: NF-kappaB activation is important for inhibition of p-CREB/AQP5 expression after methacholine intervention, and dexamethasone adjusts it to the opposite side.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	aquaporin 5	Homo sapiens	71-75
28787175-10	2017	Unexpectedly, OVA-challenged alpha-SMA-HAS2+ mice displayed significantly reduced airway responsiveness to methacholine compared with similarly treated alpha-SMA-HAS2- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	hyaluronan synthase 2	Mus musculus	39-43
28527151-6	2017	The CG/GG genotype of miR-146a rs2910164 tended to be associated with higher bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (PC20) compared with the CC genotype.	Methacholine Chloride	110-122	microRNA 146a	Homo sapiens	22-30
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	plasma protein 1	Mus musculus	195-198
28483562-1	2017	iNKT cells and mast cells have both been implicated in the syndrome of allergic asthma through their activation-induced release of Th2 type cytokines and secretion of histamine and other mediators, respectively, which can promote airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to agents such as methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	282-294	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	131-134
26256808-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Despite reports of response to steroid inhaler in some clinically suspected asthma patients with negative methacholine challenge test (CSA/MCT-), treatment in these patients has not been prospectively studied.	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	149-152
28336814-7	2017	Furthermore, Gaa-/- mice had hyporesponsive airway resistance and bronchial ring contraction to the bronchoconstrictive agents methacholine (MCh) and potassium chloride (KCl) and to a bronchodilator (albuterol).	Methacholine Chloride	127-139	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	13-16
28336814-7	2017	Furthermore, Gaa-/- mice had hyporesponsive airway resistance and bronchial ring contraction to the bronchoconstrictive agents methacholine (MCh) and potassium chloride (KCl) and to a bronchodilator (albuterol).	Methacholine Chloride	141-144	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	13-16
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	230-251
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	253-257
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A	Mus musculus	310-331
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	345-387
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1	Mus musculus	389-394
28284954-5	2017	Compared to controls, mice that experienced methacholine-induced labored breathing during adolescence displayed a ~20% decrease in time on open arms of the elevated plus maze in early adulthood (P60), a ~30% decrease in brainstem serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA expression and a ~50% increase in hippocampal serotonin receptor 1a (5Htr1a) and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (Crhr1) expression in adulthood (P75).	Methacholine Chloride	44-56	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	421-424
27623823-12	2017	Histamine and methacholine stimulated MUC5AC secretion was greater in cells treated with budesonide but was lesser in those treated with azelastine, as compared to controls.	Methacholine Chloride	14-26	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	38-44
28118027-7	2017	A single inhalation of methacholine increased lung resistance to a similar extent in wild-type and gelsolin KO mice, but the subsequent spontaneous relaxation was less in gelsolin KO mice.	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	gelsolin	Mus musculus	99-107
28093718-9	2017	Moreover, RPS3 knockdown significantly suppressed methacholine-induced AHR in experimental asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	50-62	ribosomal protein S3	Mus musculus	10-14
27939939-4	2017	CD38 deficient mice develop attenuated airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine following allergen sensitization and challenge compared to wild-type mice indicating its potential role in asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
27657061-3	2016	Glycopyrronium (3 nM), a LAMA, modestly reduced methacholine (1 muM)-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	latexin	Homo sapiens	64-67
28107345-2	2017	We previously showed that Syk modulates methacholine-induced airways contractility in naive mice and in mice with allergic airways inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	26-29
28107345-7	2017	RESULTS: MCh-induced AHR was observed following HDM sensitization in the Syk-intact (Sykflox/flox) and vehicle-treated BALB/c mice.	Methacholine Chloride	9-12	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	73-76
27825108-8	2017	Blockade of Runx2 inhibited the house dust mite-induced goblet cell differentiation with a 75% reduction in mucus overproduction while improving airway responsiveness to methacholine by 41%.	Methacholine Chloride	170-182	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
26909644-10	2016	The P20 peptide treatment reduced methacholine-induced AHR in OVA mice without affecting the inflammatory response.	Methacholine Chloride	34-46	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	4-7
26716600-3	2016	AIMS: Our goal was to elucidate the prevalence of AHR, as measured by a methacholine challenge test (MCT), in children with SCD who did not have concomitant asthma or any recent history of acute chest syndrome (ACS).	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	50-53
26947180-6	2016	RESULTS: We found that the genetic loss of alphaT-catenin in mice largely attenuated HDM-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha 3	Mus musculus	43-57
27467143-9	2016	However, neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed the adjuvant effect of DEHP on airway inflammation, structural alterations in the airway wall and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine induced by the OVA allergen, suggesting that TSLP was an effective target site for suppressing the adjuvant effect of DEHP co-exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	27-31
27467143-9	2016	However, neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed the adjuvant effect of DEHP on airway inflammation, structural alterations in the airway wall and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine induced by the OVA allergen, suggesting that TSLP was an effective target site for suppressing the adjuvant effect of DEHP co-exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	45-49
27467143-9	2016	However, neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed the adjuvant effect of DEHP on airway inflammation, structural alterations in the airway wall and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine induced by the OVA allergen, suggesting that TSLP was an effective target site for suppressing the adjuvant effect of DEHP co-exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	45-49
27226094-5	2016	CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1(-/-)) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Mus musculus	0-7
27226094-5	2016	CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1(-/-)) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Mus musculus	19-26
27226094-5	2016	CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1(-/-)) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	doublecortin-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	59-62
27379098-8	2016	Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) was assessed via whole body plethysmography.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	28-31
27379098-8	2016	Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) was assessed via whole body plethysmography.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	50-53
27016586-6	2016	A2AR activation with CGS (0.1 mug kg(-1) min(-1) sc) only during sensitization reduced numbers of IL-6(+) and IL-12(+) myeloid cells in the lungs and reversed the effects of OVA rechallenge to increase airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	232-244	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
26846374-0	2016	Endothelin-1 modulates methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilatation but not sweating in young human skin.	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
26846374-4	2016	Our findings show that ET-1 attenuates methacholine-induced cutaneous vasodilatation through a NOS-independent mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	39-51	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
26846374-12	2016	ET-1 at 400 nm (P &lt; 0.05) compared to lower doses (40 pm and 4 nm) (all P &gt; 0.05) significantly attenuated increases in CVC in response to 0.25 and 5 mm MCh.	Methacholine Chloride	159-162	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
26846374-13	2016	A high dose of ET-1 (400 nm) co-infused with l-NNA further attenuated CVC during 0.25, 5 and 100 mm MCh administration relative to the ET-1 site (all P &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	100-103	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
27117312-4	2016	RESULTS: Treatment of ovalbumin-sensitized/challenged mice with geraniol significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	22-31
25919006-7	2015	Individually, IL-17A and IL-25 enhanced contractility of human bronchial smooth muscle induced by methacholine or carbachol.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	14-20
26661728-13	2016	Clusterin levels were strongly correlated with the methacholine concentration that caused a 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = -0.617, P &lt; 0.001); there was no significant correlation between clusterin levels and other pulmonary function parameters.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	clusterin	Homo sapiens	0-9
26717421-7	2016	RESULTS: Treatment of anti-TNF-alpha mAb during sensitization period significantly reduced airway eosinophilia, serum OVA-specific IgE levels and methacholine AHR compared to isotype Ab.	Methacholine Chloride	146-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	27-36
26453517-10	2015	TRPC3 channel and IP3R1 KD both diminish the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine-evoked Ca(2+) responses.	Methacholine Chloride	73-85	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
26453517-10	2015	TRPC3 channel and IP3R1 KD both diminish the muscarinic receptor agonist methacholine-evoked Ca(2+) responses.	Methacholine Chloride	73-85	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
27134644-6	2016	Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) toward methacholine (Mch) was assessed using Buxco equipment.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	28-31
27134644-6	2016	Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) toward methacholine (Mch) was assessed using Buxco equipment.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	54-57
27027967-6	2016	Patients with lower MUC5B display worsened asthma phenotypes including airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) and eosinophilic inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	20-25
27027967-6	2016	Patients with lower MUC5B display worsened asthma phenotypes including airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) and eosinophilic inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	117-120	mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	20-25
27027967-8	2016	AHR to MCh was abolished in antigen-challenged Muc5ac(-/-) mice, due to prevention of heterogeneous mucous plugging that occurred in allergic wild-type mice during MCh-induced bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	7-10	mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric	Mus musculus	47-53
26676790-8	2015	Moreover, the inhibition of MMP-12 reduced the total number of cells and macrophages in bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well infiltrating inflammatory cells, and decreased the sRaw response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	197-209	matrix metallopeptidase 12	Homo sapiens	28-34
25919006-7	2015	Individually, IL-17A and IL-25 enhanced contractility of human bronchial smooth muscle induced by methacholine or carbachol.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	interleukin 25	Homo sapiens	25-30
25919006-8	2015	IL-17A had more pronounced effects on methacholine-induced contractility in bronchial rings from donors with asthma compared with donors without asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	0-6
26369337-6	2015	Moreover, in individuals in whom the FEV1 response to MCh challenge decreased after sulforaphane administration, i.e., sulforaphane was protective, the activities of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes decreased.	Methacholine Chloride	54-57	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	166-170
26341180-6	2015	Airway reactivity to methacholine, airway inflammation, bronchial epithelial hyperplasia and shedding were unexpectedly aggravated after administration of the anti-HMGB1 antibody and was accompanied by increased pulmonary expression of HMGB1, especially in those mice treated with IgY.	Methacholine Chloride	21-33	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	164-169
26386120-9	2015	O3 caused AHR to acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride (methacholine) in wild-type and resistin-deficient mice.	Methacholine Chloride	53-65	resistin	Mus musculus	84-92
25113382-7	2015	Lastly, activation of NF-kappaB and activating protein-1 (AP-1) signalling by exogenous TNF-alpha markedly increased the contractile response to MCh, through an increase in 17-kDa PKC-potentiated inhibitory protein of PP1 (CPI-17) phosphorylation and IkappaBalpha degradation.	Methacholine Chloride	145-148	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	88-97
26103450-9	2015	In lung function assays, the EP4 agonist ONO AE1-329 restored the increased resistance and reduced compliance upon methacholine challenge in mice treated with LPS or oleic acid.	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4)	Mus musculus	29-32
26009767-2	2015	Here we report that methacholine (MCh), a selective agonist of mAChRs, inhibited up to 80% of nicotine-induced nAChR currents in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells.	Methacholine Chloride	20-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
26009767-2	2015	Here we report that methacholine (MCh), a selective agonist of mAChRs, inhibited up to 80% of nicotine-induced nAChR currents in sympathetic superior cervical ganglion neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells.	Methacholine Chloride	34-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
25113382-8	2015	Dual incubation of 17,18-EpETE with calphostin C or Y-27632 induced cumulative inhibitory effects on MCh responses in TNF-alpha-incubated tracheal rings.	Methacholine Chloride	101-104	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	118-127
25703927-0	2015	Serum periostin levels correlate with airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine and mannitol in children with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	69-81	periostin	Homo sapiens	6-15
25703927-9	2015	Periostin levels were significantly correlated with both the methacholine PC20 and mannitol PD15 values.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	periostin	Homo sapiens	0-9
25703927-10	2015	CONCLUSION: Serum levels of periostin, a new biomarker induced by IL-13, were higher in asthmatic children, and were associated with AHR to methacholine and mannitol.	Methacholine Chloride	140-152	periostin	Homo sapiens	28-37
25202844-9	2015	However, there was a positive association between the degree of AHR to methacholine and serum levels of TNF-alpha (r = 0.36, P = 0.04).	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-113
25934761-1	2015	S-nitrosoglutathione supplementation to ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged mice ameliorates methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	40-49
25863236-5	2015	Also, the R8 treatment in the therapeutic model decreased methacholine induced AHR, Th2 cytokine release, serum IgE levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the airways, phosphorylation of STAT6 and expression of GATA3.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	79-82
25866971-4	2015	Here, we show that expression of SPDEF or FOXA3 in airway epithelial cells in neonatal mice caused goblet cell differentiation, spontaneous eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	SAM pointed domain containing ets transcription factor	Mus musculus	33-38
25866971-4	2015	Here, we show that expression of SPDEF or FOXA3 in airway epithelial cells in neonatal mice caused goblet cell differentiation, spontaneous eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	forkhead box A3	Mus musculus	42-47
24903240-7	2015	However, in the presence of cyclooxygenase and NO synthase inhibitors, apamin, and/or TRAM-34, blockers of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively, abolished the decrease in RPP in response to either methacholine or the two activators of KCa2.3/KCa3.1, NS309, and SKA-31.	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 3	Mus musculus	107-113
25625352-5	2015	24h after last OVA exposure, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (Mch) was assessed, and inflammatory cell counts and classification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	57-60
25556883-3	2015	The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of Syk in airway contractility in response to methacholine (MCh) and particulate matter (PM) air pollutants, in the absence of underlying inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	61-64
25556883-3	2015	The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of Syk in airway contractility in response to methacholine (MCh) and particulate matter (PM) air pollutants, in the absence of underlying inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	118-121	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	61-64
25556883-7	2015	MCh reduced the airway luminal area of Syk(flox/flox) mice to 81.1 +- 1.4% of baseline, which was virtually abrogated in Syk(del/del) mice (luminal area = 93.2 +- 0.5%, n = 5/group, p &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	39-42
25556883-7	2015	MCh reduced the airway luminal area of Syk(flox/flox) mice to 81.1 +- 1.4% of baseline, which was virtually abrogated in Syk(del/del) mice (luminal area = 93.2 +- 0.5%, n = 5/group, p &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	spleen tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	121-124
25857450-7	2015	The patients with DI-OA carrying ht2 [CAG] had significantly lower PC20 methacholine levels (P&lt;0.001) than the non-carriers.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	hypothermia due to alcohol sensitivity 2	Mus musculus	33-36
24903240-7	2015	However, in the presence of cyclooxygenase and NO synthase inhibitors, apamin, and/or TRAM-34, blockers of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, respectively, abolished the decrease in RPP in response to either methacholine or the two activators of KCa2.3/KCa3.1, NS309, and SKA-31.	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily N, member 4	Mus musculus	118-124
25354326-10	2014	The genetic correlation between ECP and airway responsiveness to methacholine was statistically non-significant (r = -0.11, P = 0.50).	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
25692961-6	2015	Our results reveal an age-dependent reduction in the MCh-induced tracheal isometric force and significant reduction in airway resistance at high concentrations of MCh (50.0 mg/mL) in delta-SG KO mice.	Methacholine Chloride	53-56	sarcoglycan, delta (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)	Mus musculus	183-191
25692961-6	2015	Our results reveal an age-dependent reduction in the MCh-induced tracheal isometric force and significant reduction in airway resistance at high concentrations of MCh (50.0 mg/mL) in delta-SG KO mice.	Methacholine Chloride	163-166	sarcoglycan, delta (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein)	Mus musculus	183-191
25687754-4	2015	Here we show that Muc5ac is a central effector of allergic inflammation that is required for airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric	Mus musculus	18-24
25687754-4	2015	Here we show that Muc5ac is a central effector of allergic inflammation that is required for airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	139-142	mucin 5, subtypes A and C, tracheobronchial/gastric	Mus musculus	18-24
25331535-0	2015	Evaluation of high-sensitivity serum CRP levels compared to markers of airway inflammation and allergy as predictors of methacholine bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children.	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	37-40
25799096-9	2015	The addition of ASM-024 relaxed concentration-dependently intact or beta2-AR desensitized tracheal rings precontracted with methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	68-76
25594684-4	2015	Mice deficient in Cd38 exhibit reduced airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine relative to the response in wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	18-22
25594684-5	2015	Intranasal challenge of Cd38-deficient mice with TNF-alpha or IL-13, or the environmental fungus Alternaria alternata, causes significantly attenuated methacholine responsiveness compared with wild-type mice, with comparable airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	49-58
25594684-5	2015	Intranasal challenge of Cd38-deficient mice with TNF-alpha or IL-13, or the environmental fungus Alternaria alternata, causes significantly attenuated methacholine responsiveness compared with wild-type mice, with comparable airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	151-163	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	62-67
25342126-6	2015	We found that HTR4-deficient mice have 12% higher baseline lung resistance and also increased methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) as measured by lung resistance (27%), tissue resistance (48%), and tissue elastance (30%).	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	5 hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4	Mus musculus	14-18
25605999-0	2015	Airway Smooth Muscle Sensitivity to Methacholine in Precision-Cut Lung Slices (PCLS) from Ovalbumin-induced Asthmatic Mice.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	90-99
24821729-5	2014	Prss31-null mice had increased baseline airway reactivity to methacholine but markedly reduced experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and colitis, thereby indicating both beneficial and adverse functional roles for the tryptase.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	tryptase gamma 1	Mus musculus	0-6
24951774-6	2014	Methacholine challenge dose dependently increased Rrs and decreased Crs in 40% oxygen-exposed mice, whereas Rrs and Crs responses were similar between 70% oxygen-exposed and normoxic controls.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	resistance to Rous sarcoma	Mus musculus	50-53
25132819-11	2014	But mice treated with IL-13 and GGsTop show attenuation of methacholine-stimulated airway hyper-reactivity, inhibition of Muc5ac and Muc5b gene induction, decreased airway epithelial cell mucous accumulation and a fourfold increase in LLF glutathione content compared to mice treated with IL-13 alone.	Methacholine Chloride	59-71	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	22-27
24373976-5	2014	RESULTS: Cftr(tm1Eur) mice presented with increased airway resistance, compared to wildtype littermates, in response to methacholine challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	9-13
25239916-11	2014	CaN inhibition decreases methacholine-induced contraction in isolated RyR1(+/+) but not RyR1(-/+) mouse tracheal rings.	Methacholine Chloride	25-37	ryanodine receptor 1, skeletal muscle	Mus musculus	70-74
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	0-25	protein kinase C, alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	49-57
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	0-25	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	71-77
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	0-25	caveolin 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	102-114
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	protein kinase C, alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	49-57
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	71-77
25218964-5	2014	Acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), an activator of PKCalpha, potentiated Cav2.2 currents expressed with Cav2.2alpha1 alone or Cav2.2alpha1alpha2/delta.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	caveolin 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	102-114
25042748-10	2014	TH2/TH17 cell counts and IL-17 production correlated with PC20 for methacholine, eosinophil counts, and FEV1.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	25-30
25058997-2	2014	OBJECTIVES: To explore IL-17A-producing CD3+CD4+T cells in peripheral blood of patients with persistent AR and assess the degree of atopy, eosinophil count (Eo count), and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	212-224	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	23-29
25058997-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17A (I-17A)-producing CD4+T helper cells have been implicated in allergic inflammation; however, the role of IL-17A in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with different degrees of atopy and airway reactivity to methacholine (Mch) has not been examined.	Methacholine Chloride	232-244	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	12-27
25058997-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17A (I-17A)-producing CD4+T helper cells have been implicated in allergic inflammation; however, the role of IL-17A in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with different degrees of atopy and airway reactivity to methacholine (Mch) has not been examined.	Methacholine Chloride	232-244	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	29-34
25058997-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17A (I-17A)-producing CD4+T helper cells have been implicated in allergic inflammation; however, the role of IL-17A in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with different degrees of atopy and airway reactivity to methacholine (Mch) has not been examined.	Methacholine Chloride	246-249	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	12-27
25058997-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17A (I-17A)-producing CD4+T helper cells have been implicated in allergic inflammation; however, the role of IL-17A in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients with different degrees of atopy and airway reactivity to methacholine (Mch) has not been examined.	Methacholine Chloride	246-249	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	29-34
24623133-4	2014	hORMDL3(zp3-Cre) mice had spontaneously increased airway responsiveness to methacholine compared to wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3	Homo sapiens	0-15
24809371-10	2014	In contrast, treatment with the anti-IL-23 Ab during the challenge phase alone rather exacerbated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine with little effects on airway eosinophilia or serum IgG1 levels.	Methacholine Chloride	128-140	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	37-42
24982868-6	2014	Methacholine-, ATP-, and adenosine-evoked responses were smaller in preparations from CYP-treated rats than from saline-treated ones.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
24637581-4	2014	Our results showed that intranasal treatment with SOCS3-siRNA led to an improvement in the eosinophil count and the normalization of hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Mus musculus	50-55
24286379-10	2014	In the quitters, improvements in methacholine AHR (77% before and 52% after smoking cessation, respectively, P = 0.016) and ACQ6 score (1.7-0.7, P = 0.034) and FeNO (8.7-14.8 p.p.b., P = 0.002) were observed, whereas no significant changes were found regarding eosinophils or lung function.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	46-49
24132623-7	2014	Under conditions of GRK2 C-terminal expression, beta-agonist inhibition of methacholine-stimulated PI hydrolysis was greater.	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Mus musculus	20-24
24132623-8	2014	Finally, transgenic expression of the GRK2 C terminus in murine ASM enabled ~ 30-50% greater beta-agonist-mediated relaxation of methacholine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	129-141	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Mus musculus	38-42
24905307-3	2014	Tracheal responses (TR) of the animals to methacholine as effective concentration causing 50% of maximum response (EC(50) M), TR to 0.1% OVA, relative to contraction induced by 100 muM methacholine, IL-4, IFN-gamma, total NO and nitrite levels in serum were measured.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	interleukin-4	Cavia porcellus	199-203
24465890-5	2014	The methacholine ED250 values indicated that airway hyperresponsivenness (AHR) to methacholine decreased following ASM-024 administration by inhalation at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, with a value of 0.145 +- 0.032 mg/kg for ASM 024-treated group as compared to 0.088 +- 0.023 mg/kg for untreated mice.	Methacholine Chloride	4-16	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	115-118
24465890-5	2014	The methacholine ED250 values indicated that airway hyperresponsivenness (AHR) to methacholine decreased following ASM-024 administration by inhalation at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, with a value of 0.145 +- 0.032 mg/kg for ASM 024-treated group as compared to 0.088 +- 0.023 mg/kg for untreated mice.	Methacholine Chloride	82-94	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	115-118
24465890-5	2014	The methacholine ED250 values indicated that airway hyperresponsivenness (AHR) to methacholine decreased following ASM-024 administration by inhalation at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, with a value of 0.145 +- 0.032 mg/kg for ASM 024-treated group as compared to 0.088 +- 0.023 mg/kg for untreated mice.	Methacholine Chloride	82-94	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	217-220
24465890-6	2014	In in vitro isometric studies, ASM-024 elicited dose-dependent relaxation of isolated mouse tracheal, human, and dog bronchial preparations contracted with methacholine and guinea pig tracheas contracted with histamine.	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	31-34
24465890-7	2014	ASM-024 showed also a dose and time dependant protective effect on methacholine-induced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	0-3
24213915-8	2014	IFT88(-) mice exhibited increased airway reactivity to a methacholine challenge and decreased ciliary beat frequency in the few remaining cells that possessed cilia.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	intraflagellar transport 88	Mus musculus	0-5
24163441-8	2014	Although methacholine and U46619 induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and this was inhibited by RGS2 overexpression, the repression of U46619-induced IL-8 release by salmeterol plus dexamethasone was unaffected by RGS2 knockdown.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	41-54
24163441-8	2014	Although methacholine and U46619 induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and this was inhibited by RGS2 overexpression, the repression of U46619-induced IL-8 release by salmeterol plus dexamethasone was unaffected by RGS2 knockdown.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	56-60
24163441-8	2014	Although methacholine and U46619 induced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and this was inhibited by RGS2 overexpression, the repression of U46619-induced IL-8 release by salmeterol plus dexamethasone was unaffected by RGS2 knockdown.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
23418650-4	2013	RESULTS: We found that knocking-out the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) in mice (CSE-knockout [KO]) elevated resting-membrane-potential of SMCs and eliminated methacholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries, but not that of aorta.	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	54-79
23640030-6	2013	RESULTS: We found the three most frequent ADAM33 haplotypes (a1-3) were associated with the highest level of AHR to methacholine and histamine in 66% of asthmatic children.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 33	Homo sapiens	42-48
24133168-7	2013	Upregulation of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and chemokines, as well as increased collagen deposition and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine were all clearly sensitive to IL-13-PE.	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	167-172
24339934-8	2013	Both B202 and B225 antibodies neutralize CCL17 in vivo as demonstrated by reduction of methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity in the A. fumigatus model of asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	87-99	C-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	41-46
23418650-4	2013	RESULTS: We found that knocking-out the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) in mice (CSE-knockout [KO]) elevated resting-membrane-potential of SMCs and eliminated methacholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries, but not that of aorta.	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	81-84
23418650-4	2013	RESULTS: We found that knocking-out the expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) in mice (CSE-knockout [KO]) elevated resting-membrane-potential of SMCs and eliminated methacholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries, but not that of aorta.	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase)	Mus musculus	95-98
24204751-3	2013	CFTR-independent secretion (M-sweat) was stimulated with methacholine, which binds to muscarinic receptors and elevates cytosolic calcium.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
23810766-7	2013	Furthermore, methacholine-induced airway contraction ex vivo increases after treatment with IL-33 but not IL-25.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	92-97
24303183-7	2013	Gcgr -/- mice displayed a normal bradycardia as compared to controls in response to administration of either methacholine (to activate the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor) or methoxamine (to activate the baroreflex through agonism of the alpha1 adrenergic receptor agonist) suggesting that vagal pathways are intact in the Gcgr -/- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	109-121	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
23924358-8	2013	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The TLR7 agonist imiquimod (R837) caused rapid dose-dependent relaxation of methacholine-contracted human airways in vitro.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	toll like receptor 7	Homo sapiens	35-39
24040180-9	2013	The hyporesponsiveness to methacholine in small airways within lung slices following chronic ovalbumin challenge was unexpected, given hyperresponsiveness to the same agonist both in vivo and in vitro in tracheal preparations.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	93-102
23924233-4	2013	AHR was assessed on day 22 using methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	0-3
23831616-3	2013	Our objective was to investigate the importance of increased pulmonary arginase 1 expression on methacholine-induced AHR and lung inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	arginase, liver	Mus musculus	71-81
23684250-7	2013	Finally, TNFalpha (100ng/5mul) injected intracerebro-ventricularly (icv) inhibited methacholine-induced salivary secretion evaluated 30min after (P&lt;0.01), but the previous injection of AM251 (500ng/5mul, icv) prevented completely that effect.	Methacholine Chloride	83-95	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	9-17
23918989-9	2013	Furthermore, Rip2 siRNA-treated mice produced significantly less airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2	Mus musculus	13-17
23470627-7	2013	Chronic inhibition of polyamine synthesis using an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor significantly reduced polyamine levels, restored nitrite/nitrate levels to normal, and abrogated the AHR to methacholine in the acute model of allergic airways inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	193-205	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	51-74
23840342-8	2013	Mechanistic studies demonstrated that methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction mediated the release of biologically active TGF-beta, which caused the increased contractile protein expression, as inhibition of actin polymerization (latrunculin A) or TGF-beta receptor kinase (SB431542) prevented the methacholine effects, whereas other bronchoconstricting agents (histamine and KCl) mimicked the effects of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cavia porcellus	123-131
23840342-8	2013	Mechanistic studies demonstrated that methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction mediated the release of biologically active TGF-beta, which caused the increased contractile protein expression, as inhibition of actin polymerization (latrunculin A) or TGF-beta receptor kinase (SB431542) prevented the methacholine effects, whereas other bronchoconstricting agents (histamine and KCl) mimicked the effects of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	38-50	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cavia porcellus	249-257
23840342-8	2013	Mechanistic studies demonstrated that methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction mediated the release of biologically active TGF-beta, which caused the increased contractile protein expression, as inhibition of actin polymerization (latrunculin A) or TGF-beta receptor kinase (SB431542) prevented the methacholine effects, whereas other bronchoconstricting agents (histamine and KCl) mimicked the effects of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	299-311	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cavia porcellus	123-131
23840342-8	2013	Mechanistic studies demonstrated that methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction mediated the release of biologically active TGF-beta, which caused the increased contractile protein expression, as inhibition of actin polymerization (latrunculin A) or TGF-beta receptor kinase (SB431542) prevented the methacholine effects, whereas other bronchoconstricting agents (histamine and KCl) mimicked the effects of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	299-311	transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein	Cavia porcellus	123-131
23670189-2	2013	OVA- and house dust mite-treated Adam8(-/-) mice had higher lung leukocyte counts, more airway mucus metaplasia, greater lung levels of some Th2 cytokines, and higher methacholine-induced increases in central airway resistance than allergen-treated WT mice.	Methacholine Chloride	167-179	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 8	Mus musculus	33-38
22584291-5	2013	Compared to WT mice, Cpe(fat) mice exhibited AHR to aerosolized methacholine (measured using the forced oscillation technique) which was ablated in Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	21-29
22584291-5	2013	Compared to WT mice, Cpe(fat) mice exhibited AHR to aerosolized methacholine (measured using the forced oscillation technique) which was ablated in Cpe(fat)/TNFR2(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	157-162
23866775-5	2013	RESULTS: In asthma, the three-gene-mean of periostin, CLCA1 and serpinB2 correlated with FeNO (r = 0.75, p = 0.0002), blood eosinophils (r = 0.58, p = 0.003) and PC20 methacholine (r = -0.65, p = 0.0006), but not total serum IgE (r = 0.33, p = 0.1).	Methacholine Chloride	167-179	periostin	Homo sapiens	43-52
23866775-5	2013	RESULTS: In asthma, the three-gene-mean of periostin, CLCA1 and serpinB2 correlated with FeNO (r = 0.75, p = 0.0002), blood eosinophils (r = 0.58, p = 0.003) and PC20 methacholine (r = -0.65, p = 0.0006), but not total serum IgE (r = 0.33, p = 0.1).	Methacholine Chloride	167-179	serpin family B member 2	Homo sapiens	64-72
23666750-0	2013	Endogenous osteopontin promotes ozone-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	116-128	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	11-22
23666750-9	2013	These results demonstrate that OPN is increased in the air spaces following acute exposure to O3 and functionally contributes to the development of O3-induced pulmonary inflammation and airway and lung parenchymal hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	237-249	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	31-34
23449734-7	2013	Muscarinic receptor stimulation with methacholine synergistically enhanced the effect of TGF-beta1.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	89-98
23449734-9	2013	Accordingly, prolonged treatment with TGF-beta1 increased fibronectin expression, which was also synergistically enhanced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	38-47
23449734-9	2013	Accordingly, prolonged treatment with TGF-beta1 increased fibronectin expression, which was also synergistically enhanced by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	58-69
23449734-10	2013	The synergistic effects of methacholine on TGF-beta1-induced proliferation were reduced by the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium and the M2 receptor subtype-selective antagonist gallamine, but not the M3-selective antagonist DAU5884.	Methacholine Chloride	27-39	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	43-52
23449734-11	2013	In line with these findings, the irreversible Gi protein inhibitor pertussis toxin also prevented the potentiation of TGF-beta1-induced proliferation by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	153-165	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	118-127
23384627-0	2013	Methacholine PC20 in African Americans and whites with asthma with homozygous genotypes at ADRB2 codon 16.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
23384627-2	2013	Adrenoceptor beta 2, surface gene (ADRB2) Gly16Arg genotypes have been associated with beta2-agonist bronchodilator response, asthma exacerbation rate, response to methacholine, and lung function decline but not specifically in African Americans.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-19
23384627-2	2013	Adrenoceptor beta 2, surface gene (ADRB2) Gly16Arg genotypes have been associated with beta2-agonist bronchodilator response, asthma exacerbation rate, response to methacholine, and lung function decline but not specifically in African Americans.	Methacholine Chloride	164-176	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
23384627-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the provocative concentration of methacholine that causes a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) in African Americans and whites with asthma who were ADRB2 homozygous at codon 16 (Arg16Arg or Gly16Gly).	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	169-174
23535363-7	2013	Results showed that relative methylation of IFN-gamma promoter was significantly increased in DA+ in comparison with both comparator groups (DA- and AW), and it exhibited good sensitivity (77.5%) and specificity (80%) for identifying DA workers in a multivariate predictive model after adjusting for type of DI exposure, smoking status, methacholine PC20, and gender.	Methacholine Chloride	337-349	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	44-53
23491407-14	2013	Two of these genes (FAM129A, SYNPO2) were associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1: r = -0.740, P &lt; 0.01; r = -0.746, P &lt; 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	niban apoptosis regulator 1	Homo sapiens	20-27
23491407-14	2013	Two of these genes (FAM129A, SYNPO2) were associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% drop in FEV1: r = -0.740, P &lt; 0.01; r = -0.746, P &lt; 0.01).	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	synaptopodin 2	Homo sapiens	29-35
23239156-9	2013	Niflumic acid and benzbromarone prevent AHR and contraction evoked by methacholine in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	70-82	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	40-43
23882963-1	2013	While airways reactivity is among the characteristics of asthma, it is not considered a sufficient condition diagnostically and the methacholine challenge is a non-specific diagnostic aid in cases of chronic cough and reactive airways disease.	Methacholine Chloride	132-144	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	184-187
23548524-0	2013	Influence of beta(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphism on methacholine hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic patients.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	13-40
23548524-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of the ADRB2 polymorphism in methacholine-responsive patients with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
23239156-11	2013	TMEM16A deletion renders Ca(2+) sparks unable to activate Cl((Ca)) currents, and weakens caffeine- and methacholine-induced cell shortening.	Methacholine Chloride	103-115	anoctamin 1, calcium activated chloride channel	Mus musculus	0-7
23300949-8	2013	We further demonstrated, using the chronic HDM-induced asthma model, that the inhibition of Th2 responses via neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed airway inflammation, prevented structural alterations, and decreased AHR to methacholine and TGF-beta1 level.	Methacholine Chloride	240-252	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	128-132
23118230-6	2013	Most importantly, contrary to their counterpart wild-type littermates, TSG-6(-/-) mice were resistant to the induction of airway hyperresponsiveness and manifested improved lung mechanics in response to methacholine challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	203-215	tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 6	Mus musculus	71-76
23123354-4	2013	Structural and functional parameters are estimated from PET and HRCT images of asthmatic (AS) and nonasthmatic (NA) subjects measured at baseline (BASE) and post-methacholine challenge (POST).	Methacholine Chloride	162-174	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	157-161
23347423-13	2013	CONCLUSION: These data indicate that neutrophil elastase plays an important role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and would suggest that the neutrophil elastase inhibitor reduced AHR to inhaled methacholine indicating the potential for its use as a modulator of the immune/inflammatory response in both the neutrophil- and eosinophil-dominant phases of the response to secondary allergen challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	237-249	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Mus musculus	37-56
23347423-13	2013	CONCLUSION: These data indicate that neutrophil elastase plays an important role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, and would suggest that the neutrophil elastase inhibitor reduced AHR to inhaled methacholine indicating the potential for its use as a modulator of the immune/inflammatory response in both the neutrophil- and eosinophil-dominant phases of the response to secondary allergen challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	237-249	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Mus musculus	184-203
23921222-10	2013	The OVA-induced AHR in response to methacholine was enhanced by IL-13 in WT mice but not ASK1(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	4-7
23921222-10	2013	The OVA-induced AHR in response to methacholine was enhanced by IL-13 in WT mice but not ASK1(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	64-69
24193355-9	2013	The PC20 methacholine level was significantly lower in patients with AERD with high levels of SEA-specific IgE, while a significantly higher eosinophil count was noted in patients with AERD with high levels of SEB-specific IgE (p &lt; 0.05, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	107-110
23300949-8	2013	We further demonstrated, using the chronic HDM-induced asthma model, that the inhibition of Th2 responses via neutralization of TSLP with an anti-TSLP mAb reversed airway inflammation, prevented structural alterations, and decreased AHR to methacholine and TGF-beta1 level.	Methacholine Chloride	240-252	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	146-150
22797250-4	2012	TRPC1-deficient (Trpc1(-/-)) mice are hyposensitive to methacholine challenge and have significantly reduced allergen-induced pulmonary leukocyte infiltration coupled with an attenuated T helper type 2 (Th2) cell response.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1	Mus musculus	17-22
22923642-5	2012	Surprisingly, airway responsiveness to methacholine, tested by use of a FlexiVent system, was increased in Cav1 KO control (CTL) as well as KO OVA mice, which could not be explained by a blunted immune response to OVA.	Methacholine Chloride	39-51	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	107-111
22865549-7	2012	Immunocytochemistry confirmed these results and revealed that the presence of MCh augmented the formation of sm-alpha-actin stress fibers by TGF-beta(1).	Methacholine Chloride	78-81	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	141-152
22865549-9	2012	Rather, translational processes were involved in the augmentation of TGF-beta(1)-induced contractile protein expression by muscarinic receptor stimulation, including phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and 4E-binding protein 1, which was enhanced by MCh.	Methacholine Chloride	264-267	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-80
22551156-6	2012	KEY RESULTS: Tracheal rings from Cav-1 KO and wild-type mice exhibited similar responses, but the COX-2 inhibitor, indomethacin, increased responses of tracheal rings from Cav-1 KO mice to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	189-201	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	98-103
22551156-9	2012	The potentiating effect of indomethacin on Cav-1 KO responses to methacholine was blocked by epithelial denudation.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	43-48
22897707-6	2012	Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine increased in PKCepsilon KO + ODE to a greater magnitude than WT + ODE animals.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	56-66
22846675-6	2012	RESULTS: Inhaled lidocaine inhibited ovalbumin-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine, and accumulation of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24 h after the last allergen provocation.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	37-46
22314196-7	2012	The group I subjects with high VDBP (&gt;=311 mug/ml) had significantly lower PC(20) methacholine levels than did subjects with low VDBP.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	GC vitamin D binding protein	Homo sapiens	31-35
22799279-13	2012	Degree of airway hyperreactivity, measured by Penh, showed a significant decrease in the anti-IL-33 treatment group, compared with the OVA group or the control IgG treatment group (p &lt; .01, at 50 mg/mL of methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	208-220	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	94-99
22472603-8	2012	AIMP1-deficient mice showed strongly increased Penh values in response to methacholine without any allergen exposure.	Methacholine Chloride	74-86	aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1	Mus musculus	0-5
21392098-0	2012	The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist fenofibrate decreases airway reactivity to methacholine and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in mouse lung.	Methacholine Chloride	104-116	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	4-52
22705947-8	2012	Responses to triple challenge with ovalbumin were much less affected by Bif feeding, including unchanged cytokine levels, ovalbumin-specific IgE and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	179-191	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	35-44
22427531-7	2012	Finally, in a mouse model of cockroach antigen-induced allergic airway inflammation, oral administration of the PI3K p110delta inhibitor significantly inhibited airway eosinophil recruitment, resulting in attenuation of airway hyperresponsiveness in response to methacholine, reduced mucus secretion, and expression of proinflammatory molecules (found in inflammatory zone-1 and intelectin-1).	Methacholine Chloride	262-274	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Mus musculus	117-126
22003086-9	2012	Furthermore, pretreatment with NGF antibody or K252a, which inhibits a key enzyme (tyrosine kinase) in the transduction pathway for NGF receptor binding, significantly diminished SS-enhanced NPY tracheal smooth muscle innervation and the increase in methacholine-induced airway resistance.	Methacholine Chloride	250-262	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	31-34
22134689-2	2012	In both SM alpha-A knockout and wild-type (WT) mice, airway resistance (Raw) determined by the forced oscillation technique rose in response to intravenous methacholine (Mch).	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	8-18
22134689-2	2012	In both SM alpha-A knockout and wild-type (WT) mice, airway resistance (Raw) determined by the forced oscillation technique rose in response to intravenous methacholine (Mch).	Methacholine Chloride	170-173	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	8-18
22287709-8	2012	BALB Cftr(tm1UNC) mice presented an enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine challenge compared with littermates and C57BL/6J Cftr(tm1UNC) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	75-87	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	5-9
22105467-7	2012	In addition, methacholine-mediated Ca(2+)  influx into the ASMCs was significantly reduced in the presence of NK2R antagonist.	Methacholine Chloride	13-25	tachykinin receptor 2	Mus musculus	110-114
21287361-7	2012	Hesperidin markedly alleviated the OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	91-103	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	35-38
22617759-9	2012	The major features of acute asthma include an exaggerated airway response to stimuli such as methacholine (airway hyperresponsiveness; AHR) and eosinophil-rich airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	135-138
22715867-8	2012	RESULTS: Asymptomatic subjects with a positive methacholine challenge test demonstrated significantly (p &lt; .002) higher levels of absolute eosinophil count compared with the group with a negative methacholine test (0.46 +- 0.21 vs. 0.21 +- 0.01 K/muL).	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	250-253
22715867-9	2012	Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were higher in the group with a positive methacholine test compared with the group with a negative methacholine test, but to a lesser extent (7.1 +- 0.25 vs. 6.6 +- 0.09 K/muL, p = .04 and 3.9 +- 0.24 vs. 3.5 +- 0.07 K/muL, p = .04, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	86-98	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	217-220
22715867-9	2012	Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were higher in the group with a positive methacholine test compared with the group with a negative methacholine test, but to a lesser extent (7.1 +- 0.25 vs. 6.6 +- 0.09 K/muL, p = .04 and 3.9 +- 0.24 vs. 3.5 +- 0.07 K/muL, p = .04, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	86-98	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	264-267
22290391-9	2012	It attenuated ovalbumin-induced lung tissue eosinophilia and airway mucus production, mRNA expression of adhesion molecules, chitinase, IL-17, IL-33, Muc5ac and inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung tissues, and airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	244-256	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	14-23
22481960-6	2012	We observed that preincubation of the tracheal rings with LPS for 90 min enhanced the subsequent MCh-induced contractile response (hyperreactivity), which was prevented by prior neutralization of TNFalpha with a specific antibody.	Methacholine Chloride	97-100	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	196-204
22678356-3	2012	METHODS: In total, 852 patients with asthma diagnosed by asthma specialists based on AHR as confirmed by a methacholine bronchial provocation test, were enrolled from the Cohort for Reality and Evolution of Adult Asthma in Korea (COREA) adult asthma cohort.	Methacholine Chloride	107-119	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	85-88
22678356-4	2012	The intensity of AHR was assessed by the concentration of methacholine needed to cause a 20% decrease in FEV(1) (PC(20)).	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	17-20
21684833-8	2011	Mindin-/- mice also exhibited reduced proinflammatory cytokine production and lower AHR to methacholine challenge by FlexiVent.	Methacholine Chloride	91-103	spondin 2, extracellular matrix protein	Mus musculus	0-6
23213344-6	2012	Airway smooth muscle cells from CD38 knockout mice exhibit attenuated intracellular calcium responses to agonists, and these mice have reduced airway response to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	170-182	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	32-36
23056391-0	2012	Respiratory syncytial virus reverses airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	83-92
22427841-9	2012	Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine was also assessed and interestingly, at 20 weeks, was more severe in HDM exposed Bmpr2 hypomorph mice versus WT.	Methacholine Chloride	32-44	bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase)	Mus musculus	126-131
21297077-8	2011	In Balb/c mice, dominant-negative TNF biologics administered during immunization decreased the recruitment of eosinophils and lymphocytes into the bronchoalveolar space and lung parenchyma, reduced specific serum IgE, goblet-cell hyperplasia, and eosinophilic inflammation, and suppressed methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity.	Methacholine Chloride	289-301	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	34-37
22080612-4	2011	Functionally, RGS2 reduced intracellular free calcium flux elicited by histamine, methacholine, leukotrienes, and other spasmogens.	Methacholine Chloride	82-94	regulator of G protein signaling 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
22092555-12	2011	Furthermore, naive ANXA1(-/-) mice displayed higher airway hypersensitivity to inhaled Mch, and significant differences were also observed in allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged ANXA1(-/-) mice compared with WT mice.	Methacholine Chloride	87-90	annexin A1	Mus musculus	19-24
22025551-5	2011	This study investigated the effect of the contraction agonists LPA and methacholine on TGF-beta activation by HASM cells and its role in the development of asthmatic airway remodeling.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-95
22025551-6	2011	The data presented show that LPA and methacholine induced TGF-beta activation by HASM cells via the integrin alphavbeta5.	Methacholine Chloride	37-49	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
21984113-2	2011	We re-examined the relationship between airway inflammation (FE(NO)), hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (AHR), and calibre (FEV(1) % predicted) in mild-to-moderate asthmatics.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	107-110
22103391-1	2011	BACKGROUND: We earlier reported spontaneous features of asthma in Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide knockout mice (VIP KO): 1) peribronchiolar airway inflammation, with accumulation of lymphocytes and eosinophils, 2) pro-inflammatory cytokine production of IL-5, IL-6, with IFN-gamma, and 3) airway hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	327-339	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	111-114
21784966-3	2011	Indeed, we have found that GSNOR expression and activity correlate inversely with lung S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) challenge in humans with asthmatic phenotypes (Que LG, Yang Z, Stamler JS, Lugogo NL, Kraft M. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180: 226-231, 2009).	Methacholine Chloride	156-168	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	27-32
21784966-3	2011	Indeed, we have found that GSNOR expression and activity correlate inversely with lung S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (MCh) challenge in humans with asthmatic phenotypes (Que LG, Yang Z, Stamler JS, Lugogo NL, Kraft M. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180: 226-231, 2009).	Methacholine Chloride	170-173	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	27-32
21803869-4	2011	Family-based association testing analysis in the Childhood Asthma Management Program genome-wide genotype data showed that 17 of 100 RUNX1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly (P &lt; 0.03-0.04) associated with methacholine responsiveness.	Methacholine Chloride	232-244	RUNX family transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
21616147-7	2011	The Fat-1 mice had a shift to the right in the dose-response relationship for methacholine induced bronchoconstriction with a significant increase in the log ED200.	Methacholine Chloride	78-90	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Mus musculus	4-9
21700892-3	2011	Airway responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (Mch) and permeability of respiratory epithelium (EI) to hydrophilic radiomarker ((99m)Tc-DTPA, MW = 492), were measured at 1-day postexposure.	Methacholine Chloride	31-43	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	23-26
21700892-3	2011	Airway responsiveness (AHR) to methacholine (Mch) and permeability of respiratory epithelium (EI) to hydrophilic radiomarker ((99m)Tc-DTPA, MW = 492), were measured at 1-day postexposure.	Methacholine Chloride	45-48	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	23-26
21601579-3	2011	These problems may be partially overcome by using methacholine chloride (MCh), a more stable synthetic agonist of muscarinic receptors, instead of ACh.	Methacholine Chloride	50-71	pro-melanin concentrating hormone	Homo sapiens	73-76
21923426-0	2011	Methacholine challenge as a clinical bioassay of pulmonary delivery of a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	85-90
21354484-7	2011	Oral administration of soy isoflavone significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to intravenous methacholine, and inhibited ovalbumin-induced increases in eosinophil counts.	Methacholine Chloride	120-132	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	60-69
21951583-4	2011	MCh-induced bronchoconstriction and its sensitivity to albuterol, a beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, was assessed 24 h after the last cytokine administration.	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	68-73
21951583-5	2011	3 In naive mice, responsiveness to MCh was significantly increased by the combination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1beta, but not by treatment with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha alone.	Methacholine Chloride	35-38	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	89-97
21951583-5	2011	3 In naive mice, responsiveness to MCh was significantly increased by the combination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1beta, but not by treatment with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha alone.	Methacholine Chloride	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-111
21951583-5	2011	3 In naive mice, responsiveness to MCh was significantly increased by the combination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1beta, but not by treatment with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha alone.	Methacholine Chloride	35-38	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	113-118
21951583-5	2011	3 In naive mice, responsiveness to MCh was significantly increased by the combination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1beta, but not by treatment with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha alone.	Methacholine Chloride	35-38	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	148-156
21951583-5	2011	3 In naive mice, responsiveness to MCh was significantly increased by the combination of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, IL-13 alone or in combination with IL-1beta, but not by treatment with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha alone.	Methacholine Chloride	35-38	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	148-156
20716113-4	2011	Isometric tension measurements showed that specific activation of Epac led to relaxation of guinea pig tracheal preparations pre-contracted with methacholine, independently of PKA.	Methacholine Chloride	145-157	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	66-70
20716113-5	2011	In airway smooth muscle cells, Epac activation reduced methacholine-induced MLC phosphorylation.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	31-35
20716113-5	2011	In airway smooth muscle cells, Epac activation reduced methacholine-induced MLC phosphorylation.	Methacholine Chloride	55-67	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	60-72	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	60-72	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	81-85
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	81-85
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	175-179
20716113-6	2011	Moreover, when Epac was stimulated, we observed a decreased methacholine-induced RhoA activation, measured by both stress fibre formation and pull-down assay whereas the same Epac activation prevented methacholine-induced Rac1 inhibition measured by pull-down assay.	Methacholine Chloride	201-213	Rac family small GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	222-226
20716113-7	2011	Epac-driven inhibition of both methacholine-induced muscle contraction by Toxin B-1470, and MLC phosphorylation by the Rac1-inhibitor NSC23766, were significantly attenuated, confirming the importance of Rac1 in Epac-mediated relaxation.	Methacholine Chloride	31-43	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
20581095-5	2011	As a consequence, subsequent inhalation of ovalbumin alone led to an allergic asthma-like response that included airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, eosinophilia, mucus expression, elevated serum levels of antigen-specific IgE and IgG1, and splenic CD4(+) T cells that secreted T helper type 2 and type 17 cytokines in response to in vitro antigen restimulation.	Methacholine Chloride	143-155	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	43-52
21923426-1	2011	STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the methacholine challenge method used for albuterol can be applied to assess long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA) bioequivalence, which would require a sufficiently steep dose-response curve.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	128-133
21496385-6	2011	Also, BAY 11-7085-treated (10 mg/kg) mice showed a significant decrease in the histologically assessed inflammatory indices as well as a significant reduction in the ovalbumin-induced increase in Penh to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	212-224	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	166-175
20724735-7	2011	In a multivariate analysis, independent associations were found between increased methacholine responsiveness and age (P&lt;.001), IgE (P=.009), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P=.005).	Methacholine Chloride	82-94	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	131-134
20348208-7	2011	Results indicate that despite similar inflammatory indices, LPS-treated SP-A(-/-) mice had attenuated AR after methacholine challenge, compared with WT mice.	Methacholine Chloride	111-123	surfactant associated protein A1	Mus musculus	72-76
21091801-8	2011	U73122, an IP(3) production inhibitor, and 2APB, an IP(3) receptor blocker, drastically decreased the methacholine effect.	Methacholine Chloride	102-114	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	52-66
20708396-3	2011	A perception score of dyspnea at 20% fall in FEV(1) (PS(20)) was obtained by interpolation of the two last points on the perception (modified Borg scale)/fall in FEV(1) curve during methacholine challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	182-194	WAP four-disulfide core domain 1	Homo sapiens	53-59
19933379-6	2010	Flt3-L treatment reversed existing AHR to methacholine and substantially decreased eosinophils, neutrophils, IL-5, -6, -8, and IL-13, and TGF-beta levels in the BALF.	Methacholine Chloride	42-54	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	0-6
21846969-8	2011	Plasma SP levels correlated with airway sensitivity (threshold dose of methacholine) in the patients with asthmatic cough (r = -0.37, p = 0.005) but not with airway reactivity, cough sensitivity, FEV1 values, or sputum eosinophil and neutrophil counts in either group.	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	7-9
21087455-4	2010	Here, we show that copines-1, -2, -3, -6 and -7 respond differently to a methacholine-evoked intracellular increase in calcium in human embryonic kidney cell line-293 cells, and that their membrane association requires different levels of intracellular calcium.	Methacholine Chloride	73-85	copine 1	Homo sapiens	19-47
20637583-8	2010	MMP-9 activity positively correlated with patients" FEV(1)% predicted (r = 0.97) and methacholine log PD(20) (r = 0.86), whereas negative associations (-0.6 &lt;= r &lt;= -0.7) were observed for MMP-2 and MMP-3.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
20592486-6	2010	The present study showed that methacholine AHR and lung inflammation developed in allergen-challenged IL-4-deficient mice but not in allergen-challenged IL-13-deficient mice.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	102-106
20925946-7	2010	RESULTS: Mice exposed to Cl2 had airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh compared to control animals pre-treated and post-treated with DMTU.	Methacholine Chloride	63-66	doublecortin-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	25-28
20675434-4	2010	Methacholine and ATP stimulated Cl secretion in both cell types, which was largely blocked by treatment with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and partially by mucosal FFA or CFTR(inh)-172 with the exception of methacholine responses in mucous cells, which were not blocked by FFA and partially (~60%) by CFTR(inh)-172.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	206-210
20675434-4	2010	Methacholine and ATP stimulated Cl secretion in both cell types, which was largely blocked by treatment with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) and partially by mucosal FFA or CFTR(inh)-172 with the exception of methacholine responses in mucous cells, which were not blocked by FFA and partially (~60%) by CFTR(inh)-172.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	336-340
20875145-7	2010	Pretreatment with GF109203X, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, completely normalized the effect of methacholine on CSE-induced IL-8 secretion, whereas PMA, a PKC activator, mimicked the effects of methacholine, inducing IL-8 secretion and augmenting the effects of CSE.	Methacholine Chloride	101-113	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	129-133
20875145-9	2010	Accordingly, western blot analysis revealed that methacholine augmented the degradation of IkappaBalpha and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in combination with CSE, but not with IL-1beta in hASMc.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	91-103
20875145-9	2010	Accordingly, western blot analysis revealed that methacholine augmented the degradation of IkappaBalpha and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in combination with CSE, but not with IL-1beta in hASMc.	Methacholine Chloride	49-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	131-137
20736308-5	2010	Disruption of actin filaments disordered caveolae arrays, reduced association of beta-dystroglycan and caveolin-1 to lipid rafts, and suppressed the sensitivity and responsiveness of methacholine-induced intracellular Ca2+ release.	Methacholine Chloride	183-195	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
20543006-4	2010	MANS, but not RNS, attenuated the methacholine-stimulated secretion of the major respiratory mucin protein, Muc5ac (50% reduction).	Methacholine Chloride	34-46	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	93-98
20543006-4	2010	MANS, but not RNS, attenuated the methacholine-stimulated secretion of the major respiratory mucin protein, Muc5ac (50% reduction).	Methacholine Chloride	34-46	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	108-114
20592486-8	2010	Lung-targeted IFN-gamma over-expression in the airways enhanced methacholine AHR and non-eosinophilic inflammation; in addition, these asthma phenotypes were impaired in allergen-challenged IFN-gamma-deficient mice.	Methacholine Chloride	64-76	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	14-23
19951374-7	2010	Methacholine increased the expression of OX40L in dendritic cells.	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	TNF superfamily member 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
20472712-6	2010	Treatment of BTSM strips with the pharmacological beta-catenin/T cell factor-4 (TCF4) inhibitor PKF115-584 (100 nM) reduced beta-catenin expression in BTSM whole tissue lysates and in plasma membrane fractions and reduced maximal KCl- and methacholine-induced force production.	Methacholine Chloride	239-251	transcription factor 4	Bos taurus	50-78
20472712-6	2010	Treatment of BTSM strips with the pharmacological beta-catenin/T cell factor-4 (TCF4) inhibitor PKF115-584 (100 nM) reduced beta-catenin expression in BTSM whole tissue lysates and in plasma membrane fractions and reduced maximal KCl- and methacholine-induced force production.	Methacholine Chloride	239-251	transcription factor 4	Bos taurus	80-84
20472712-6	2010	Treatment of BTSM strips with the pharmacological beta-catenin/T cell factor-4 (TCF4) inhibitor PKF115-584 (100 nM) reduced beta-catenin expression in BTSM whole tissue lysates and in plasma membrane fractions and reduced maximal KCl- and methacholine-induced force production.	Methacholine Chloride	239-251	catenin beta 1	Bos taurus	50-62
20472712-8	2010	Likewise, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of beta-catenin in BTSM strips reduced beta-catenin expression and attenuated maximal KCl- and methacholine-induced contractions without affecting sm-alpha-actin or sm-MHC expression.	Methacholine Chloride	145-157	catenin beta 1	Bos taurus	53-65
20472712-9	2010	Conversely, pharmacological (SB-216763, LiCl) or insulin-induced inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) enhanced the expression of beta-catenin and augmented maximal KCl- and methacholine-induced contractions.	Methacholine Chloride	185-197	catenin beta 1	Bos taurus	141-153
19648473-7	2010	TRPC3, but not TRPC1 gene silencing, largely diminished NSCC activity, hyperpolarized the resting Vm, lowered the resting [Ca(2+)](i), and inhibited methacholine-induced increase in [Ca(2+)](i).	Methacholine Chloride	149-161	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Mus musculus	0-5
20308298-4	2010	BALB/c mice sensitized and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin exhibited airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine aerosol and increased airway inflammatory cell influx and Th2 cytokine (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5, and IL-13) content relative to those in nonallergic controls.	Methacholine Chloride	106-118	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	56-65
20081098-9	2010	Patients with CA showed negative correlations of mucin levels with respiratory resistance indices on impulse oscillation and with airway sensitivity to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	152-164	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	49-54
19796211-7	2010	Inhaled pitrakinra also significantly reduced AHR with a similar maximum effect of a 2.8- to 3.2-fold increase in methacholine PC(100) relative to control (P &lt; 0.05) at nominal b.i.d.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	8-18
19448155-6	2010	Flt3-L reversed AHR to methacholine to the control level.	Methacholine Chloride	23-35	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	0-6
19520918-3	2010	Ovalbumin challenge elicited infiltration of both eosinophils and lymphocytes into airways, increased mucus-containing epithelial cells, and caused increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in immune-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	188-200	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-9
19940099-7	2010	Compared with sea level, inhalation of methacholine at high altitude caused a similar reduction of partial forced expiratory flow but less reduction of maximal forced expiratory flow, less increments of pulmonary resistance and respiratory resistance at 5 Hz, and similar effects of deep breath on pulmonary and respiratory resistance.	Methacholine Chloride	39-51	S13 erythroblastosis (avian) oncogene homolog	Homo sapiens	14-17
20143643-0	2010	Relationships of methacholine and adenosine monophosphate responsiveness with serum vascular endothelial growth factor in children with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	17-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	84-118
20143643-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between serum VEGF level and airway responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in children with asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	54-58
20143643-7	2010	Blood eosinophil counts and serum ECP levels significantly correlated inversely with AMP provocation concentration that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20% (PC20) (r = -0.474, P =.01; r = -0.442, P =.03, respectively), but not with methacholine PC20 (r = -0.228, P = .26; r = -0.338, P =.10, respectively).	Methacholine Chloride	261-273	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	34-37
20017592-5	2010	Ova sensitization in air-exposed mice enhanced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, several indicators of injury in the lung (lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and total protein), and lung resistance (R(L)) and elastance (E(L)) in response to methacholine (MCh) aerosol challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	245-257	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-3
20424347-9	2010	Four public facility employees who reacted to the methacholine challenge test had elevated eosinophil frequencies, increased plasma IgE levels, and lowered FEV1/FVC values.	Methacholine Chloride	50-62	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	132-135
20017592-5	2010	Ova sensitization in air-exposed mice enhanced pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration, several indicators of injury in the lung (lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and total protein), and lung resistance (R(L)) and elastance (E(L)) in response to methacholine (MCh) aerosol challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	259-262	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	0-3
20574911-3	2010	AHR to methacholine was measured using head-out whole-body plethysmography, and the methacholine concentration inducing a 20% decrease in pulmonary airflow (PC(20) MCh) was calculated.	Methacholine Chloride	84-96	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	164-167
19460789-4	2009	The muscarinic receptor agonists carbachol and methacholine both induced modest effects on basal interleukin (IL)-8 and -6 secretion, whereas the secretion of RANTES, eotaxin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was not affected.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	217-251
19460789-6	2009	In these cells, methacholine also significantly augmented IL-8 secretion in combination with cigarette smoke extract in a synergistic manner, whereas synergistic effects on IL-6 secretion were not significant.	Methacholine Chloride	16-28	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	58-62
19460789-7	2009	Muscarinic M3 receptors were the primary subtype involved in augmenting cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-8 secretion, as only tiotropium bromide and muscarinic M3 receptor subtype selective antagonists abrogated the effects of methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	229-241	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	104-108
19549429-5	2009	Additionally, the perception score was determined at a 20% decrease in FEV(1) (PS(20)) during the methacholine challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	WAP four-disulfide core domain 1	Homo sapiens	79-85
19447920-9	2009	In children with asthma who were not receiving any controller medications, sputum amphiregulin level was negatively correlated with the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV(1) (r = -0.398; p = 0.008).	Methacholine Chloride	165-177	amphiregulin	Homo sapiens	82-94
19465516-2	2009	At room temperature (RT), methacholine (MCh) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced Ca(2+) oscillations and an associated contraction in small airway SMCs.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	40-43
19383494-6	2009	Individually, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma inhibited methacholine-induced contractions and potentiated D-mannitol-induced relaxation responses.	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	interleukin-1 beta	Cavia porcellus	14-22
19383494-7	2009	TNF-alpha increased contractions to methacholine but had no effect on relaxation responses to D-mannitol.	Methacholine Chloride	36-48	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	0-9
19204996-4	2009	Imaging demonstrated that ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged animals exhibited many large ventilation defects even prior to MCh challenge (four out of eight) compared to no defects in the control animals.	Methacholine Chloride	125-128	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	26-35
19204996-5	2009	Additionally, the ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged animals experienced a greater number of ventilation defects (4.5 +/- 0.4) following MCh infusion than did controls (3.3 +/- 0.6).	Methacholine Chloride	138-141	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	18-27
19562471-4	2009	RESULTS: TDI-OA patients with serum IgG to tTG had significantly lower methacholine PC(20) values (P &lt; 0.02) and significantly higher prevalence of specific immunoglobulin E to vapor type TDI-human serum albumin conjugate (P &lt; 0.01; r(2) = 0.411, P &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	TLX1 neighbor	Homo sapiens	9-12
19562471-4	2009	RESULTS: TDI-OA patients with serum IgG to tTG had significantly lower methacholine PC(20) values (P &lt; 0.02) and significantly higher prevalence of specific immunoglobulin E to vapor type TDI-human serum albumin conjugate (P &lt; 0.01; r(2) = 0.411, P &lt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	71-83	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	43-46
19188657-6	2009	The lack of Egr-1 markedly increased the severity of TGF-alpha-induced pulmonary disease, dramatically enhancing airway muscularization, increasing pulmonary fibrosis, and causing greater airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	218-230	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	12-17
19188657-6	2009	The lack of Egr-1 markedly increased the severity of TGF-alpha-induced pulmonary disease, dramatically enhancing airway muscularization, increasing pulmonary fibrosis, and causing greater airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	218-230	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	53-62
19395503-10	2009	Furthermore, GSNOR activity measured from BAL samples was significantly increased in subjects with asthma compared with control subjects and correlated inversely with the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% decrease in FEV(1).	Methacholine Chloride	200-212	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	13-18
19619331-5	2009	We hypothesize that common IPO13 genetic variation influences the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma, as measured by change in methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR-PC20).	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	importin 13	Homo sapiens	27-32
19619331-5	2009	We hypothesize that common IPO13 genetic variation influences the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of asthma, as measured by change in methacholine airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR-PC20).	Methacholine Chloride	173-185	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	214-217
19426687-8	2009	Heterozygous absence of the Galpha13 gene abrogated methacholine-induced contractions, whereas homozygous absence of the Galpha12 gene failed to do so.	Methacholine Chloride	52-64	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	28-36
19426687-9	2009	Our findings indicate that Galpha13, but not Galpha12, specifically regulates cholinergic bronchial contraction in airway responsiveness via controlling phosphorylation of MLC20 by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	181-193	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	27-35
19426687-9	2009	Our findings indicate that Galpha13, but not Galpha12, specifically regulates cholinergic bronchial contraction in airway responsiveness via controlling phosphorylation of MLC20 by methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	181-193	myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory	Mus musculus	172-177
19152967-8	2009	Furthermore, ProDer p 1 coli treatment inhibited the development of airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	130-142	zinc finger protein 185	Mus musculus	20-23
18664642-9	2009	In addition, NFAT1-/- mice exhibit increased AHR in response to serotonin inhalation, suggesting a specific role for NFAT1 in the methacholine pathway of bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	130-142	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2	Mus musculus	13-18
19426687-0	2009	Galpha13 regulates methacholine-induced contraction of bronchial smooth muscle via phosphorylation of MLC20.	Methacholine Chloride	19-31	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	0-8
19426687-0	2009	Galpha13 regulates methacholine-induced contraction of bronchial smooth muscle via phosphorylation of MLC20.	Methacholine Chloride	19-31	myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory	Mus musculus	102-107
19426687-3	2009	This study investigated the differential regulatory role of Galpha12/Galpha13 in methacholine-induced contraction of trachea and bronchus in Galpha12 or Galpha13 gene knockout mice after ovalbumin sensitization and challenges.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12	Mus musculus	60-68
19426687-3	2009	This study investigated the differential regulatory role of Galpha12/Galpha13 in methacholine-induced contraction of trachea and bronchus in Galpha12 or Galpha13 gene knockout mice after ovalbumin sensitization and challenges.	Methacholine Chloride	81-93	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	69-77
19426687-4	2009	Organ bath assays and videomicroscopy revealed that Galpha13 deficiency delayed methacholine-induced contractile response of bronchiolar smooth muscle, but not that of tracheal smooth muscle.	Methacholine Chloride	80-92	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	52-60
19426687-5	2009	In primary bronchial smooth muscle cells, knockdown of Galpha13 blocked methacholine-induced phosphorylation of 20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20), a prerequisite step for the contractile initiation of actin and myosin.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 13	Mus musculus	55-63
19426687-5	2009	In primary bronchial smooth muscle cells, knockdown of Galpha13 blocked methacholine-induced phosphorylation of 20 kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20), a prerequisite step for the contractile initiation of actin and myosin.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	myosin, light chain 12B, regulatory	Mus musculus	156-161
18931329-4	2009	CD38-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and airway challenged with ovalbumin, and subsequently analyzed regarding their level of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	192-204	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	0-4
19237298-5	2009	Pulmonary function tests showed a significant increase in methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity in OVA/OVA and IL-13-treated mice as compared with controls.	Methacholine Chloride	58-70	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	117-122
19129274-6	2009	After exposure to HMW agents, there was a mean+/-sd reduction in doubling concentrations of methacholine of 0.5+/-1.7 for early responses, compared with 2.8+/-1.2 and 1.4+/-2.0 for late and dual responses, respectively.	Methacholine Chloride	92-104	cilia and flagella associated protein 97	Homo sapiens	18-21
19354064-4	2009	METHODS: The BHR to methacholine induced by IL-13 or ovalbumin was determined in BALB/c mice, and the provocation concentration of methacholine that caused an increase in enhanced pause in expiration of 200% (PC200) was calculated.	Methacholine Chloride	20-32	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	44-49
19354064-4	2009	METHODS: The BHR to methacholine induced by IL-13 or ovalbumin was determined in BALB/c mice, and the provocation concentration of methacholine that caused an increase in enhanced pause in expiration of 200% (PC200) was calculated.	Methacholine Chloride	20-32	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	53-62
19187332-6	2009	Carriers with the minor haplotype, HT2 [GG], of two genetic polymorphisms (rs10762058 and rs7088181) showed significantly lower PC(20) methacholine level (P=0.041) and lower mRNA expression of CTNNA3 than non-carriers (P=0.040).	Methacholine Chloride	135-147	catenin alpha 3	Homo sapiens	193-199
18664642-9	2009	In addition, NFAT1-/- mice exhibit increased AHR in response to serotonin inhalation, suggesting a specific role for NFAT1 in the methacholine pathway of bronchoconstriction.	Methacholine Chloride	130-142	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 2	Mus musculus	117-122
18722347-5	2008	These data suggest that a functional interaction between MCHR1 and caveolin-1 in lipid rafts exists and provide a basis for further biochemical studies to understand the significance on MCH-mediated signal transduction events.	Methacholine Chloride	57-60	caveolin-1	Cricetulus griseus	67-77
18818374-9	2009	Furthermore, mindin-deficient animals have reduced airway hyper-responsiveness after methacholine challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	85-97	spondin 2, extracellular matrix protein	Mus musculus	13-19
19099229-4	2008	Kefiran significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	33-42
18826499-8	2008	The airway hyperresponsiveness to acetyl-beta-methacholine chloride was inhibited in IL-18-deficient mice in comparison with wild-type mice.	Methacholine Chloride	34-67	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	85-90
18981114-5	2008	Mucus production, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and parenchymal tissue inflammation were also dramatically reduced following IL-2:anti-IL-2 treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	139-143
18981114-5	2008	Mucus production, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and parenchymal tissue inflammation were also dramatically reduced following IL-2:anti-IL-2 treatment.	Methacholine Chloride	48-60	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	149-153
18607626-4	2008	Tracheas of ovalbumin (OVA)-treated BALB/c and CD73+/+ mice were hyperresponsive towards methacholine when assessed by Penh and direct optical measurement of contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	89-101	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	47-51
18421012-5	2008	After ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and OVA challenge, increased lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and elevated expression of CXCL12 were observed in Foxf1(+/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	forkhead box F1	Mus musculus	179-184
18455250-6	2008	Local injection of the agonist or ANF-induced no salivation, but enhanced MC and NE-evoked secretion.	Methacholine Chloride	74-76	natriuretic peptide A	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
19133568-9	2008	Airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was observed in OVA-sensitized mice and was reversed by both prednisolone and montelukast.	Methacholine Chloride	30-42	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	59-62
18768884-9	2008	We demonstrated an increase in contractile response to exogenous methacholine in isolated airways taken from LXR agonist-treated animals compared with the relevant control tissue.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Mus musculus	109-112
18534085-10	2008	The correlation coefficient (r) between the changes in TNF-alpha values between 3 and 12 months of SIT and provocative concentrations of methacholine to cause a 20% fall in FEV(1) (PC20M) after 12 months of SIT was positive (r = 0.76; p &lt; 0.0001); the greater the changes in TNF-alpha level, the higher the PC20.	Methacholine Chloride	137-149	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	278-287
18631347-4	2008	METHODS: Methacholine-induced AHR was assessed by head-out body plethysmography of wild type (WT) and TRPC6(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Mus musculus	102-107
18631347-7	2008	RESULTS: Methacholine-induced AHR and agonist-induced contractility of tracheal rings were increased in TRPC6(-/-) mice compared with WT mice, most probably due to compensatory up-regulation of TRPC3 in airway smooth muscle cells.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Mus musculus	104-109
18631347-7	2008	RESULTS: Methacholine-induced AHR and agonist-induced contractility of tracheal rings were increased in TRPC6(-/-) mice compared with WT mice, most probably due to compensatory up-regulation of TRPC3 in airway smooth muscle cells.	Methacholine Chloride	9-21	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 3	Mus musculus	194-199
18606670-15	2008	Compared with recipients of wild-type BMDCs, mice that received BLT1(-/-) BMDCs developed significantly lower AHR to inhaled methacholine, lower goblet cell metaplasia, and eosinophilic infiltration in the airways and decreased levels of Th2 type cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	Methacholine Chloride	125-137	leukotriene B4 receptor 1	Mus musculus	64-68
18420182-0	2008	Protein kinase C isozyme-specific potentiation of expressed Ca v 2.3 currents by acetyl-beta-methylcholine and phorbol-12-myristate, 13-acetate.	Methacholine Chloride	81-106	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	60-68
18702818-5	2008	The acute injury phase after Cl2 exposure (&lt; or = 24 hrs post-exposure) was characterized by airway epithelial cell apoptosis (increased TUNEL staining) and sloughing, elevated protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a modest increase in airway responses to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	266-278	doublecortin-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	29-32
18702818-9	2008	We conclude that a single exposure of mice to Cl2 gas causes acute changes in lung function, including pulmonary responsiveness to methacholine challenge, associated with airway damage, followed by subsequent repair and airway remodelling.	Methacholine Chloride	131-143	doublecortin-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	46-49
18405955-8	2008	RESULTS: PC(20) methacholine was inversely related to the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (r = -0.62), desmin (r = -0.56), and elastin (r = -0.78).	Methacholine Chloride	16-28	desmin	Homo sapiens	111-117
18405955-8	2008	RESULTS: PC(20) methacholine was inversely related to the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (r = -0.62), desmin (r = -0.56), and elastin (r = -0.78).	Methacholine Chloride	16-28	elastin	Homo sapiens	135-142
18036509-2	2008	Stimulation with either methacholine or bradykinin resulted in maximal increases in CREB phosphorylation within 1 min, with either a rapid subsequent decrease (bradykinin) to basal levels, or a sustained response (methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
17537187-3	2008	METHODS: We assessed the number of eosinophil and the levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL)-5 in induced sputum and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in 76 patients with totally controlled asthma in comparison with 30 current untreated asthmatics and 20 healthy subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	171-183	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	102-120
17537187-6	2008	In the total control group, number of eosinophil and the levels of ECP and IL-5 in induced sputum of patients with negative methacholine challenge test were significantly lower than those in subjects with positive methacholine challenge test (p &lt; 0.001), whereas sputum number of eosinophil and the levels of ECP and IL-5 in patients with negative methacholine challenge test and those of healthy subjects were similar (p &gt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	67-70
17537187-6	2008	In the total control group, number of eosinophil and the levels of ECP and IL-5 in induced sputum of patients with negative methacholine challenge test were significantly lower than those in subjects with positive methacholine challenge test (p &lt; 0.001), whereas sputum number of eosinophil and the levels of ECP and IL-5 in patients with negative methacholine challenge test and those of healthy subjects were similar (p &gt; 0.05).	Methacholine Chloride	124-136	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	75-79
18179817-3	2008	METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and OVA-challenged BALB/c mice that display increased airway responsiveness to methacholine, serum OVA-specific IgE levels, bronchoalveolar eosinophilia, and TH2 cytokine levels were used as a model of allergic asthma.	Methacholine Chloride	115-127	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	9-18
18420182-1	2008	Protein kinase C (PKC) is implicated in the potentiation of Ca v 2.3 currents by acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist or phorbol-12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA).	Methacholine Chloride	81-106	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	60-68
18420182-1	2008	Protein kinase C (PKC) is implicated in the potentiation of Ca v 2.3 currents by acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh), a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist or phorbol-12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA).	Methacholine Chloride	108-111	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	60-68
18420182-5	2008	Exposure of the oocytes to MCh led to the translocation of PKC alpha whereas PMA activated PKC betaII and epsilon isozymes.	Methacholine Chloride	27-30	protein kinase C, alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	59-68
18420182-6	2008	The action of MCh was inhibited by Go 6976, an inhibitor of cPKC isozymes or PKC alpha siRNA.	Methacholine Chloride	14-17	protein kinase C, alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	77-86
18036509-2	2008	Stimulation with either methacholine or bradykinin resulted in maximal increases in CREB phosphorylation within 1 min, with either a rapid subsequent decrease (bradykinin) to basal levels, or a sustained response (methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	24-36	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	160-170
18036509-2	2008	Stimulation with either methacholine or bradykinin resulted in maximal increases in CREB phosphorylation within 1 min, with either a rapid subsequent decrease (bradykinin) to basal levels, or a sustained response (methacholine).	Methacholine Chloride	214-226	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	40-50
18214922-6	2008	RESULTS: DEP induced significant increases in methacholine-induced Penh and IL-4 levels in BAL fluid relative to the control group.	Methacholine Chloride	46-58	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	76-80
17962637-5	2008	METHODS: We used the forced oscillation technique to measure methacholine responsiveness in BALB/c mice that had been sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin followed by an intratracheal instillation of poly-l-lysine.	Methacholine Chloride	61-73	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	149-158
17872404-12	2008	A similar analysis was used after aerosol exposures to bronchoconstrictor methacholine (Mch), except that phi depended also on increased R(aw).	Methacholine Chloride	74-86	modifier of chinchilla	Mus musculus	88-91
18991642-6	2008	This augmented responsiveness to methacholine involves the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting protein 1 (MYPT1) via Rho-kinase, however, it is attenuated by pre-treatment with Rho-kinase inhibitors such as Y-27632 and HA-1077.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	78-116
17900559-4	2008	Finally, we examined by nose-only inhalation the ability of the glucocorticosteroid budesonide and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist ciglitazone to modify methacholine-induced airway responses in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	182-194	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	103-151
18991642-6	2008	This augmented responsiveness to methacholine involves the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting protein 1 (MYPT1) via Rho-kinase, however, it is attenuated by pre-treatment with Rho-kinase inhibitors such as Y-27632 and HA-1077.	Methacholine Chloride	33-45	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A	Homo sapiens	118-123
18039522-3	2007	When ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were challenged daily with OVA for up to three consecutive days, the BALB/c mice showed a higher degree of airway responsiveness to methacholine than did C57BL/6.	Methacholine Chloride	169-181	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	5-14
18389439-3	2008	In female mice, the combined administration of 2 x 10(4) CFUs BCG and 0.01% DHEA effectively suppressed the ovalbumin-induced increase in airway sensitivity to methacholine (56.5 vs. 8.2 mg/mL, p &lt; 0.01), while BCG (13.9 mg/mL) or DHEA (17.9 mg/mL) alone did not.	Methacholine Chloride	160-172	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	108-117
18514752-6	2008	Furthermore, allergen-associated AHR to methacholine, assessed by lung resistance and dynamic compliance, was completely suppressed in CD38-deficient mice, despite the preservation of airway inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	135-139
17990036-5	2008	However, atopic asthmatic patients who were homozygous GG for the RANTES -28C&gt;G tended to have lower PC20 methacholine than those carrying the wild genotype.	Methacholine Chloride	109-121	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	66-72
17900886-8	2008	A significant correlation was observed between methacholine-induced dyspnoea scores and the change in IOS measures of R((5)) (r=0.62, p=0.004) and X(5) (r=0.51, p=0.022), but not with the spirometric changes in FEV((1)) (r=0.37(,)p=0.11) or MEF(50) (r=0.32, p=0.17).	Methacholine Chloride	47-59	E74 like ETS transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	241-244
18073125-7	2007	Although strong associations were observed between FLG mutations and atopic dermatitis (odds ratio, 2.4; P = 7.6 x 10(-5)) and between the mutations and total serum IgE level (P = .009 in the atopic dermatitis cohort), no association was noted with either asthma or asthma-related phenotypes, including FEV(1), FEV(1)/forced vital capacity, and methacholine PC(20) (P &gt; .1 for all tests).	Methacholine Chloride	345-357	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	165-168
17704190-7	2007	MCh caused similar increases in airway resistance (Raw) and tissue elastance (H) in Dcn(+/+) and Dcn(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	decorin	Mus musculus	84-87
17704190-7	2007	MCh caused similar increases in airway resistance (Raw) and tissue elastance (H) in Dcn(+/+) and Dcn(-/-) mice.	Methacholine Chloride	0-3	decorin	Mus musculus	97-100
17573858-0	2007	Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5"-monophosphate in young children with asthma: their relationship with blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein.	Methacholine Chloride	28-40	ribonuclease A family member 3	Homo sapiens	155-182
17626122-8	2007	With both hypoxic and methacholine challenges, arteries from ApoE and LDLR strains demonstrated an increased production of both 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, end products of arachidonic acid metabolism via 12/15-lipoxygenase, a response that was not present in C57 controls.	Methacholine Chloride	22-34	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	61-65
17878379-6	2007	We also assessed whether nonspecific AHR caused by methacholine challenge was elicited by gVPLA2 secreted from resident airway cells of immune-sensitized mice.	Methacholine Chloride	51-63	phospholipase A2, group V	Mus musculus	90-96
17556716-13	2007	In addition, TDZD-8 significantly reduced ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	98-110	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	42-51
17626122-8	2007	With both hypoxic and methacholine challenges, arteries from ApoE and LDLR strains demonstrated an increased production of both 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, end products of arachidonic acid metabolism via 12/15-lipoxygenase, a response that was not present in C57 controls.	Methacholine Chloride	22-34	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	70-74
17626122-8	2007	With both hypoxic and methacholine challenges, arteries from ApoE and LDLR strains demonstrated an increased production of both 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, end products of arachidonic acid metabolism via 12/15-lipoxygenase, a response that was not present in C57 controls.	Methacholine Chloride	22-34	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	223-241
17182033-7	2007	In addition, treatment of the animals with Flt3 ligand attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in OVA-sensitized and challenged mice.	Methacholine Chloride	96-108	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3	Mus musculus	43-47
17721032-2	2007	Earlier studies on apolipoprotein E-knockout mice (apoE-KO) mice suggested adverse effects of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection on the endothelial vasomotor responses of aortas to the muscarinic agonist methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	200-212	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	51-55
17622963-2	2007	Assessing the response to methacholine from the change in respiratory admittance (Ars, the reciprocal of respiratory impedance, Zrs) avoids the artifact.	Methacholine Chloride	26-38	RIEG2	Homo sapiens	82-85
17543375-3	2007	GSNOR knockout mice have increased lung S-nitrosothiol levels and are therefore protected from airway hyperresponsiveness after methacholine or allergen challenge.	Methacholine Chloride	128-140	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-5
17206436-4	2007	Methacholine responsiveness was expressed as dose-response slope, i.e. % fall in FEV(1) per mg methacholine compared to either the post-saline value (DRS(sal)), or the highest FEV(1) (DRS(max)).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	sushi repeat containing protein X-linked	Homo sapiens	150-153
17206436-4	2007	Methacholine responsiveness was expressed as dose-response slope, i.e. % fall in FEV(1) per mg methacholine compared to either the post-saline value (DRS(sal)), or the highest FEV(1) (DRS(max)).	Methacholine Chloride	0-12	sushi repeat containing protein X-linked	Homo sapiens	184-187
17293376-4	2007	The results demonstrate that culturing of BSTM strips for 4 days in the presence of fibronectin or collagen I depressed maximal contraction (E(max)) both for methacholine and KCl, which was associated with decreased contractile protein expression.	Methacholine Chloride	158-170	fibronectin 1	Bos taurus	84-95
17374534-4	2007	However, five days after the last dose of dexamethasone and last ovalbumin aerosol exposure in other asthmatic mice, the airway obstructive response to methacholine was exacerbated in dexamethasone-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice on Day 32.	Methacholine Chloride	152-164	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	65-74
17389243-7	2007	Suppression of CD86 protein expression correlated with decreased methacholine-induced AHR, airway inflammation, and mucus production following rechallenge with inhaled OVA.	Methacholine Chloride	65-77	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	15-19
17475846-6	2007	Importantly, the e-STAT3-/- mice had a significant decrease in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	93-105	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	19-24
17234802-1	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses to exogenous administration of acetylcholine (ACh) and methacholine (MCh), which have different sensitivities to endogenous cholinesterase.	Methacholine Chloride	139-151	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	208-222
17234802-1	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses to exogenous administration of acetylcholine (ACh) and methacholine (MCh), which have different sensitivities to endogenous cholinesterase.	Methacholine Chloride	153-156	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	208-222
17234802-7	2007	A second procedure was performed to confirm that differences in responses between ACh and MCh could be attributed to different cholinesterase sensitivities.	Methacholine Chloride	90-93	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	127-141
17234802-11	2007	These results suggest that elevations in SR and CVC occur earlier with MCh than with ACh treatment because of differences in cholinesterase susceptibility between these drugs.	Methacholine Chloride	71-74	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	125-139
17415415-5	2007	Unexpectedly, G(alphai2) overexpression decreased contractility to methacholine, while G(alphai2) inhibition enhanced contraction.	Methacholine Chloride	67-79	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting 2	Mus musculus	14-23
17293374-7	2007	A(2A)AR deletion/downregulation led to an increase in Penh to methacholine and influx of total cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in BAL with highest values in A(2A) KO sensitized group.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	0-7
17517103-10	2007	Moreover, PP1 and PP2, Src tyrosin kinase inhibitors, suppressed the enhancement of MCh-induced contraction by ATP.	Methacholine Chloride	84-87	proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src	Cavia porcellus	23-26
17407196-5	2007	Transfer of OVA-specific ST2(-/-) Th2 cells into BALB/c mice caused exacerbated pulmonary inflammation with occluded airways, elevated airway hyper-responsiveness and increased susceptibility to methacholine challenge that was associated with mortalities of recipient mice.	Methacholine Chloride	195-207	interleukin 1 receptor-like 1	Mus musculus	25-28
17406942-8	2007	Concurrent BCG vaccination and D. farinae sensitization one week before ovalbumin sensitization tended to have a greater suppressive effect on airway responsiveness to methacholine induced by D. farinae aerosols than did that induced by ovalbumin aerosols.	Methacholine Chloride	168-180	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	72-81
17406942-8	2007	Concurrent BCG vaccination and D. farinae sensitization one week before ovalbumin sensitization tended to have a greater suppressive effect on airway responsiveness to methacholine induced by D. farinae aerosols than did that induced by ovalbumin aerosols.	Methacholine Chloride	168-180	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	237-246
17339480-8	2007	Furthermore, when compared with control mice, catalase overexpression increased airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine both in naive mice as well as in response to Ag.	Methacholine Chloride	110-122	catalase	Mus musculus	46-54
17218358-2	2007	Knockdown of Stim1 by RNA interference (RNAi) reduced the frequency of [Ca2+]i oscillations in response to a low concentration of methacholine to the level seen in the absence of external Ca2+.	Methacholine Chloride	130-142	stromal interaction molecule 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
17236236-7	2007	Induction of respiratory hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, a hallmark of asthma, was markedly attenuated in p110delta-inactivated mice.	Methacholine Chloride	57-69	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Mus musculus	120-129
17343743-7	2007	RESULTS: Wild type mice developed a greater degree of airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh at 1 day post exposure to Cl2 compared with TCR-delta-/- mice.	Methacholine Chloride	84-87	doublecortin-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	114-117
17343743-12	2007	CONCLUSION: The severity of airway epithelial injury after Cl2 is greater in TCR-delta-/- mice but the inflammatory response and the change in airway responsiveness to methacholine are reduced.	Methacholine Chloride	168-180	T cell receptor delta chain	Mus musculus	77-86
17095746-7	2007	MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice exhibit a variety of lung function abnormalities and have enhanced airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and serotonin under basal conditions.	Methacholine Chloride	169-181	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	31-54
16951132-9	2007	Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) at 10(-8) M increased MG secretion in the sPLA(2)-exposed trachea compared with that in the control trachea, but methacholine at 10(-7) M did not.	Methacholine Chloride	145-157	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	27-30
17016060-9	2007	At this time interval an effect on methacholine challenge was also seen in SLIT 3.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	slit guidance ligand 3	Homo sapiens	75-81
17869642-5	2007	Kefir significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	94-106	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	31-40
16946028-2	2007	Recently, a peptide derived from the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein NH(2)-terminal sequence (MANS) was shown to inhibit methacholine (MCh)-induced mucin secretion from airway mucous cells by &gt;90%.	Methacholine Chloride	143-155	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	170-175
16946028-2	2007	Recently, a peptide derived from the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate protein NH(2)-terminal sequence (MANS) was shown to inhibit methacholine (MCh)-induced mucin secretion from airway mucous cells by &gt;90%.	Methacholine Chloride	157-160	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	170-175
17182589-6	2007	When PD1 was administered before aeroallergen challenge, airway eosinophil and T lymphocyte recruitment were decreased, as were airway mucus, levels of specific proinflammatory mediators, including IL-13, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and PGD(2), and airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	283-295	ribosomal protein L17	Homo sapiens	5-8
16782752-4	2006	We report here that mice with targeted deletion of the VIP gene spontaneously exhibit airway hyperresponsiveness to the cholinergic agonist methacholine as well as peribronchiolar and perivascular cellular infiltrates and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	Methacholine Chloride	140-152	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	55-58
16891391-6	2006	Changes in methacholine-induced R(L) were significantly greater in the WT than in the CD38KO mice following intranasal IL-13 challenges.	Methacholine Chloride	11-23	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	86-90
16891391-6	2006	Changes in methacholine-induced R(L) were significantly greater in the WT than in the CD38KO mice following intranasal IL-13 challenges.	Methacholine Chloride	11-23	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	119-124
16891391-7	2006	Airway reactivity after IL-13 exposure, as measured by the slope of the methacholine dose-response curve, was significantly higher in the WT than in the CD38KO mice.	Methacholine Chloride	72-84	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	24-29
16849635-7	2006	PLN(-/-) mice had a markedly reduced constrictive response to methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	62-74	phospholamban	Mus musculus	0-3
16982919-3	2006	Although no differences in basal respiratory or lung mechanical parameters were observed, COX-1 Tr mice had increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PGE(2) content compared with wild-type littermates (23.0 +/- 3.6 vs 8.4 +/- 1.4 pg/ml; p &lt; 0.05) and exhibited decreased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine.	Methacholine Chloride	304-316	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	90-95
16855006-4	2006	Urocortin III caused relaxation of methacholine-precontracted mouse tracheal segments.	Methacholine Chloride	35-47	urocortin 3	Mus musculus	0-13
16846841-5	2006	BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to develop the asthmatic features such as airway hyperresponsiveness: allergen induced airway constriction and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh), and pulmonary inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	207-219	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	48-57
16846841-5	2006	BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to develop the asthmatic features such as airway hyperresponsiveness: allergen induced airway constriction and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine (MCh), and pulmonary inflammation.	Methacholine Chloride	221-224	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	48-57
16461427-6	2006	During sustained MCh-induced contraction, Y-27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor) and GF-109203X (a protein kinase C inhibitor) induced a concentration-dependent relaxation without changing the [Ca(2+)](i).	Methacholine Chloride	17-20	Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	53-63
16603691-4	2006	Low-dose ANG II infusion (5 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) iv) for 3 days prevented impaired [Ca2+]i signaling response to methacholine and histamine and restored methacholine-induced NO production in aortas from rats on a HS diet.	Methacholine Chloride	114-126	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
16603691-4	2006	Low-dose ANG II infusion (5 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) iv) for 3 days prevented impaired [Ca2+]i signaling response to methacholine and histamine and restored methacholine-induced NO production in aortas from rats on a HS diet.	Methacholine Chloride	154-166	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
16899844-12	2006	CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a specific beta(2)-AR polymorphism at codon 16 might be a genetic determinant of AHR, as judged by methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asymptomatic healthy subjects.	Methacholine Chloride	137-149	adrenoceptor beta 2	Homo sapiens	49-59
16704976-1	2006	Voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca(v)) 2.2 currents are potentiated by phorbol-12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA), whereas Ca(v) 2.3 currents are increased by both PMA and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	168-193	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-128
16704976-1	2006	Voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca(v)) 2.2 currents are potentiated by phorbol-12-myristate, 13-acetate (PMA), whereas Ca(v) 2.3 currents are increased by both PMA and acetyl-beta-methylcholine (MCh).	Methacholine Chloride	195-198	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-128
16648239-9	2006	Substance P relaxed MCh-precontracted BR by 62.1%; however, this bronchial relaxation effect was completely lost in epithelium-denuded BRs.	Methacholine Chloride	20-23	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	0-11